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4 

T5 

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Entered,  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1898,  by 

LEWIS  N.  THOMPSON, 
In  the  Office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress,  at  Washington. 


FROM  THE  PRESS  AND  BINDERY  OF  HALF-TONE   ENGRAVINGS    BY 

CHAS.  T.  DEARINO,  MAYER  &  SCHLICH, 

LOUISVILLE,    KY. 


LOUISVILLE,  KY. 


ELECTROTYPED   BY 

ROBERT  ROWELL, 

LOUISVILLE,   KY. 


TO  THE 

SONS  AND  DAUGHTERS  OF  THE  CONFEDERACY 

THIS  BOOK  IS  DEDICATED. 

Thousands  of  the  men  whose  names  and  deeds  it  records  have 

heard  "the  soldier's  last  tattoo,"  and  it  cannot  be  long  before 

their  few  surviving  comrades  will  have  "  passed  over  the 

river"  to  rest  with  them. 

It  devolves  upon  their  children  to  see  that  the   motives   which 
identified  them  with  the  South  in  the  Great  Conflict  are  not 
misunderstood,  and  that  their  conduct  during  the  four 
bloody  years  in  which  they  added  a  brilliant  chapter 
to  others  which  Kentucky  had  written  in  Amer 
ican  history  shall  not  pass  from  the  mem 
ory  of  man.    The  principles  for  which 
they  suffered  and  fought,  and  so 
many  of  them  died,  were 

THE  INALIENABLE   RIGHT   OF  A   PEOPLE    TO   CHOOSE 
THEIR  OWN   FORM  OF  GOVERNMENT, 

AND 

THE    SACREDNESS    OF   CONSTITUTIONAL 
GUARANTEES. 

Though  the  Confederacy  failed  of  establishment  these  still  live 
and  must  live  if  human  liberty  is  to  endure  on  this  continent. 
The  children  of  the  Confederate  soldier  can  best  illus 
trate  the  soldier's  virtues  by  maintaining  his  princi 
ples  in  peace,  and  defending  them   in   war  if 
need  be,  for  the  great  country  to  which 
only  their  allegiance  is  now  due. 

ED   PORTER   THOMPSON. 


M201209 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


[For  personal  index,  alphabetically  arranged,  see  last  pages  of  the  book.] 

PACE. 

Dedication 3 


PART  I. 

GENERAL    HISTORY    OF    THE    ORPHAN    BRIGADE. 

CHAPTER  I. 

Introductory  Remarks. — Character  and  Services  of  the  Brigade 

as  estimated  by  others 21 

CHAPTER  II. 

Brief  Review  of  the  Confederate  element  of  Kentucky  on  the 
question  in  issue. — Objection  to  certain  current  terms 
and  statements  which  improperly  go  unchallenged. — Or 
ganization  of  a  Provisional  Government 30 

CHAPTER  III. 

Organization  of  the  Regiments  and  Artillery  composing  the 
First  Kentucky  Brigade. — The  fight  at  Hutcherson's. — 
Troops  under  Buckner  concentrate  at  Bowling  Green. 
— Breckinridge  assumes  command. — Fight  at  Whippoor- 
will  Bridge. — Expeditions  to  Rochester  and  elsewhere  .  41 

Incidents  and  Anecdotes : 

I.  Hard-hearted  Surgeons. — II.  A  deadly  disease. — 
III.  Too  Short. — IV.  Conquering  a  peace. — V.  Tried 
for  high  treason 57 


6  TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 

CHAPTER   IV. 

The  Second  Kentucky  and  Graves's  Battery  at  Donelson  and 

in  prison "2 

Incidents  and  Anecdotes : 

I.  First  Men  of  the  Brigade  killed.— II.  Carson's  wrath 
when  Semple  fell.— III.  Still  full  of  fight.— IV.  Buck- 
ner's  shot  at  impertinence. — V.  Escaping  from  Camp 
Morton. — VI.  Dying  in  prison. — VII.  A  fratricidal 
war.— VIII.  "Whar's  '  Baze  '  ?  "— IX.  Wouldn't  take 
his  own  medicine 73 


CHAPTER  V. 

Gen.   Sidney   Johnston's   retreat   from   Kentucky. — Battle    of 

Shiloh 76 

Incidents  and  Anecdotes  : 

I.  The  battle  of  Sunset. — II.  Alabamians — A  noble  and 
appreciative  people. — III.  A  camp  struck  by  a  Southern 
Hurricane  at  night. — IV.  Who  led  the  brigade's  first 
skirmishers  on  the  battlefield? — V.  Wasn't  quite  so 
angry  now. — VI.  The  first  work  of  the  Fourth  Ken 
tucky  on  Sunday  morning. — VII.  Putting  on  anew  uni 
form  in  time  of  action. — VIII.  An  unconquerable  Irish 
man. — IX.  How  the  "  Desperadoes"  all  died. — X.  He 
expected  to  be  murdered. — XI.  Armed  for  close  fight 
ing. — XII.  Bee  Stung. — XIII.  Southern  man  ran  the 
wrong  way. — XIV.  Gov.  Johnson  taking  the  oath  as  a 
private  soldier. — XV.  Too  late  to  pray. — XVI.  The 
little  book  saved  his  life.— XVII.  The  Kentucky  Ar 
tillery:  Byrne  and  his  men  cheered. — XVIII.  Coolly 
"picked  his  flint"  under  fire. — XIX.  A  double  duel, 
fatal  to  at  least  one  man. — XX.  "No  detail!  Ask  for 
volunteers." — XXI.  A  tuneful  voice  heard  in  the  up 
roar.— XXII.  "Devil  Dick."  XXIII.  Some  of  his 
teeth  had  lost  their  edge  at  Shiloh.— XXIV.  The  preach 
ing  didn't  suit  him. — XXV.  Shiloh  not  conclusive  as  to 
whether  one  of  us  could  whip  five  Yankees. — XXVI. 
What  a  reserve  corps  is. — XXVII.  The  street  bully  in 
battle 97 


TAI5I.K  OK  CONTENTS.  7 

CHAPTER  VI. 

Reorganization  of  the  army  at  Corinth  and  reassignment  of 

Kentucky  troops. — The  retreat. — Siege  of  Vicksburg  .         108 

Incidents  and  Anecdotes:' 

I.  Breckinridge  and  Van  Dorn. — II.  Celebrating  the 
Fourth  of  July  during  the  siege;  expedition  of  the 
Fourth  Regiment  down  the  river. — III.  Dodd's  unequal 
but  gallant  fight. — IV.  Graphic  description  of  a  sublime 
spectacle. — V.  Starving  him  into  terms 117 


CHAPTER  VII. 
The  Battle  of  Baton  Rouge 122 

CHAPTER  VIII. 

From  Baton  Rouge  to  Knoxville. — Marching  toward  Ken 
tucky. — Return  to  Murfreesboro'. — Battle  of  Harts- 
ville 145 

Incidents  and  Anecdotes  : 

I.  Splendid  fighting  of  the  Second  and  Ninth  Regi 
ments,  Infantry. — II.  The  Blue  and  the  Gray  meet  and 
greet. — III.  "  Cunny  "  fooled  them. — IV.  Scenes  on 
the  battlefield. — V.  How  we  took  Nashville. — VI.  How 
Jap  got  and  kept  the  mule. — VII.  After  many  years  :  A 
singular  occurrence 163 


CHAPTER  IX. 
Battle  of  Stone  River 168 

Incidents  and  Anecdotes : 

I.  Preston's  coolness  and  heroism. — II.  Suffering  with 
cold. — III.  A  Surgeon's  experience  on  the  field  at  Stone 
River.— IV.  "That's  our  flag!"— V.  Must  be  killed 
with  due  formality. — VI.  Sententious  as  Suvaroff.— 
VII.  Our  one  military  execution. — VIII.  Col.  Trabue 
at  Stone  River. — IX.  Not  a  "  butternut  cap'n."  ...  199 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 
8 

CHAPTER  X. 

From  Murfreesboro'  to  Manchester. -To  Mississippi  again.- 
Expedition   to   relieve   Pemberton. -Fighting  at  Jack 
son-Return  to  Chattanooga.-Battle  of  Chickamauga. 

Incidents  and  Anecdotes ; 

I  Danger  in  loose  orders. -II.  The  best-drilled  regi 
ments  in  the  Army  of  Tennessee.-III.  Should  have 
stood  pat  —IV.  After  Jackson :  in  danger  of  surfeit.— 
V.  How  they  jollied  Kelly.— VI.  At  Chickamauga: 
too  big  a  wood-chopping  for  the  major.—  VII.  Suppos 
ing  a  case.— VIII.  Spoilt  his  beauty  and  enraged  him. 
—IX.  The  Sang  Diggers.— X.  A  passage  at  arms  with 

•  222 

Gen.  Breckinndge      

CHAPTER  XI. 

At   Mission  Ridge   and   Tyner's   Station. -Battle  of  Mission 

Ridge.— Retreat  to  Dalton 227 

Incidents  and  Anecdotes : 

I.  «  Where' sour  Battery?  "—II.  What  Jim  Lee  thought 

of  Bragg  as  a  strategist.— III.  A  remarkable  incident  .         231 

CHAPTER  XII. 
The  army  in  winter-quarters  at  Dalton 233 

Incidents  and  Anecdotes : 

I.  Outwitting  Col.  Gofer.— II.— Misplaced  confidence. 
—III.  Punishments  in  the  army.— IV.  Guying  Gen. 
Bate. — v.  Punishment  for  desertion :  one  of  the  sad 
dest  features  of  the  war.— VI.  A  singular  death.— VII. 
The  Snowball  Battle 234 

CHAPTER  XIII. 

The  Dalton- Atlanta  Campaign,  May  sth  to  Sept.  8th,  1864  .    .         240 

Incidents  and  Anecdotes  : 

I.  They  all  say  that. — II.  "  Two  minutes  to  get  to  your 
holes. — III.  War  could  not  make  them  inhuman. — IV. 
Wouldn't  be  checked  off  till  his  time  came.— V.  Frank, 
the  soldier  dog •  25° 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS.  9 

CHAPTER  XIV. 

The  Dalton-Atlanta  Campaign,  May  5th  to  Sept.  8th,  1864  (con 
tinued)      254 

Incidents  and  Anecdotes: 

I.  Lieut.  Geo.  Hector  Burton  and  his  sharpshooters. — 

II.  Another  comrade's  account  of  Burton's  men. — III. 
How  the  gallant  fellow  lost  his  life. — IV.  A  rifleman  up 
a  tree.— V.    "A   Roland  for  an  Oliver."— VI.    They 
would  do  the  wind  work. — VII.  About  to  kill  his  friend. 
—VIII.    Devoted   brothers. — IX.    After  Intrenchment 
Creek:  If  they  had  but  known. — X.   A  humane  and 
heroic  act. — XI.  How  a  bullet  made  a  sans  culotte. — XII. 
Presence    of    mind. — XIII.    A    hero  and  a  martyr.— 
XIV.  A  dreadful  experience 268 


CHAPTER  XV. 

The  brigade,  as  mounted  infantry,  in  Georgia  and  South  Caro 
lina   280 

Incidents  and  Anecdotes  : 

I.  Its  effect  on  a  dead  man. — II.  A  conglomeration  of 
odds  and  ends. — III.  Thought  he  knew  cavalry  tactics. 
— IV.  Kentucky  against  Georgia  :  How  Capt.  Turney 
got  the  sheepskin. — V.  Jim  Price. — VI.  Dead  on  his 
feet. — VII.  My  ole  Missis'  skillet. — VIII.  New  brains 
evolve  old  jokes. — IX.  The  cheerful  brigade. — X.  Our 
star-gazer. — XI.  Dying  in  the  last  ditch 286 


CHAPTER  XVI. 

Medical  and  surgical  officers  of  the  brigade,  with  biographical 

sketches  and  portraits 294 

Biographies : 

I.   Dr.  Preston  B.  Scott 301 

II.   Dr.  John  O.  Scott 305 

III.  Dr.  R.  R.  Stevenson 308 

IV.  Dr.  Hugh  G.  Smith 309 

V.   Dr.  Thomas  L.  Newberry 309 


10  TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 

CHAPTER  XVII. 
Confederate  Women  of  Kentucky,  with  portraits 312 

CHAPTER  XVIII. 

Our  dead  and  where  they  lie. — Confederate  veteran  organiza 
tions,  their  objects,  and  those  now  maintained  in  Ken 
tucky  324 

CHAPTER  XIX. 
Annual  Reunions  of  the  Brigade 340 


PART  II. 

SPECIAL    DEPARTMENT    OF    BIOGRAPHY. 

I.    Lieut. -Gen.  S.  B.  Buckner 353. 

II.   Maj.-Gen.  John  C.  Breckinridge     ....  358 

III.  Maj.-Gen.  William  Preston 364 

IV.  Brig. -Gen.  Roger  W.  Hanson 375 

V.    Brig. -Gen.  Ben  Hardin  Helm 380 

VI.    Brig. -Gen.  Joseph  H.  Lewis 387 

VII.    Col.  James  W.  Moss 395 

VIII.   Col.  Philip  Lightfoot  Lee "  399 

IX.    Col.  Robert  P.  Trabue 403 

X.    Col.  Joseph  P.  Nuckols 407 

XI.   Col.  Thomas  Williams  Thompson    ....  414 

XII.   Col.  Hiram  Hawkins 416 

XIII.  Col.  Martin  H.  Gofer        423 

XIV.  Col.  Thomas  Hart  Hunt  ........  429 

XV.   Col.  John  W.  Caldwell 434 

XVI.    Lieut.-Col.  James  W.  Hewitt 438 

XVII.   Lieut.-Col.  Hervey  McDowell 440 

XVIII.  Lieut.-Col.  William  L.  Clarke 443 

XIX.  Lieut.-Col.  John  C.  Wickliffe 447 

XX.   Maj.  Charles  Semple 451 

XXI.   Maj.  Rice  E.  Graves 455 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


II 


XXII. 

Maj.  Thomas  B.  Monroe  

4.  CQ- 

XXIII. 

Maj.  John  B.  Rogers    

.    .         466 

XXIV. 

Maj.  Thomas  H.  Hays     

47  I 

XXV. 

Capt.  Fayette  Hewitt    

474. 

XXVI. 

Capt.  Sam  H.  Buchanan  

480 

XXVII. 

Capt.  Ben.  J.  Monroe  

481 

XXVIII. 

Capt.  John  H.  Weller  

48? 

XXIX. 

Capt.  Jo  Desha  

40  1 

XXX. 

Capt.  J.  T.  Gaines    

407 

XXXI. 

Capt.  D.  E.  McKendree  

408 

XXXII. 

Capt.  David  C.  Walker    

CO3 

XXXIII. 

Capt.  John  B.  Pirtle  

SOZ 

XXXIV. 

Adjt.  Thomas  E.  Mo§s     ,    

so;  - 

XXXV. 

Lieut.  Keller  Anderson     

e;o8 

XXXVI. 

Lieut.  Robert  A.  Thomson  

CI-J 

XXXVII. 

Lieut.  John  W.  Greene    

513 

XXXVIII. 

Thomas  D.  Osborne  

^  14 

'XXXIX. 

Gov.  George  W.  Johnson  

$16 

XL. 

Hon.  Eli  M.  Bruce  

$22 

XLI. 

Hon.  Horatio  W.  Bruce  

$2$ 

XLII. 

Dr.  Daniel  P.  White    

<2& 

XLIII. 

Elder  Jos.  Desha  Pickett  

e.'io 

XLIV. 

Rev.  G.  B.  Overton  

C  2-2 

XLV. 

Rev.  Hubbard  H.  Kavanaueh 

M6 

PART  III. 


BRIEF    HISTORY    OF    INDIVIDUALS,   FIELD    AND    STAFF, 
RANK    AND    FILE. 


General  Introductory  Remarks 

Field  and  Staff  Officers  of  the  Second  Regiment 
Officers  and  men  of  Co.  A, 


B, 
C, 
D, 
E, 
F, 
G, 
H, 


548 
549 
554 
563 
57i 
580 
586 

503 
600 


!2  TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 

Officers  and  men  of  Co.    I,  Second  Regiment 609 

K,  615 

Field  and  Staff  Officers  of  the  Fourth  Regiment 622 

Officers  and  men  of  Co.  A,  623 

ft              «                B,  "                    630 

C,  "  637 

D,  "  645 

E,  "  652 

F,  "  659 

"             "              G,  "                  '666 

H,  673 

"  I,  679 

K,  685 

Field  and  Staff  Officers  of  the  Fifth  Regiment 691 

Officers  and  men  of  Co.  A,  693 

"  "  B,  700 

C,  704 

D,  712 

E,  "  715 

F,  722 

I,  "                  728 

K,  737 

Field  and  Staff  Officers  of  the  Sixth  Regiment 742 

Officers  and  men  of  Co.  A,  "                   742 

B,  ......  752 

C,  "  760 

D,  "  766 

E,  "  773 

F,  "  782 

G,  "  785 

H,  «                   79I 

I,  "                   797 

H                      t(                        V  tt  o 

•1^,  004 

Field  and  Staff  Officers  of  the  Ninth  Regiment 806 

Officers  and  men  of  Co.  A,  "                   808 

B,  815 

C,  "  825 

D,  "  830 

G,  "                  837 

H,  "                   848 

Byrne's  Battery 857 

"  Graves's  Battery 860 

Cobb's  Battery 862 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS.  13 


PART  IV. 

GENERAL    HISTORY    OF    THE    SECOND    KENTUCKY    CAVALRY. 

Gen.  Wheeler's  opinion  of  the  Regiment 871 

Prefatory  Note 873 

CHAPTER  I. 

Organization  of  the   Regiment. — Subsequent  changes. — Erro 
neous  designation  by  number  explained 875 

CHAPTER  II. 
1861-1862 879 

Incidents  and  Anecdotes : 

I.  A  Brave  Kentucky  Woman. — II.  The  Bushwhacker's 
non-combatant  brother. — III.  Preparing  for  rapid  flight. 
—IV.  A  gallant  escort. — V.  ''The  rose  and  expectancy 
of  the  fair  State." — VI.  The  American  Soldier  the  best  of 
his  age. — VII.  "  Burgoyne "  had  it  in  for  his  drill- 
master 892 

CHAPTER  III. 
1863      896 

Incidents  and  Anecdotes : 

I.  A  base  fiction. — II.  How  the  bugler  was  promoted. 
— III.  Henry  Groan  in  Sequatchie  Valley  and  at  Mission 
Ridge. — IX.  Attention  there,  Yank — Unlimber! — V. 
How  Capt.  Beckley's  negro  body  servant  came  to  be  a 
valiant  knight. — VI.  Cole  Basye's  chill  stuff. — VII.  A 
"poor  rebel"  in  extremity. — VIII.  The  improvised 
chevrons. — IX.  Death  of  Capt.  Jack  Jones  :  A  soldier's 
tribute. — X.  John  Vincent  at  the  Charleston  fight. — XI. 
True  to  their  colors :  a  roll  of  honor. — XII.  Even  prison 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 

horrors  could  not  subdue  them.-XIII.   A  bit  of  personal 
experience 


CHAPTER  IV. 

923 

1864 

Incidents  and  Anecdotes : 

I    Cutting  his  comb.-II.  The  Kentucky  way,  whatever 

the   uniform.— III.    Fidelity   commands   respect.  - 

Faithful  unto  death. -V.   Capt.  John  Witt.— VI.  The 

killing  of  John   Hanlon.-VII.   Capture  and  recapture 

of  First  Kentucky  men  in  battle       947 

CHAPTER  V. 

1865      

Incidents  and  Anecdotes  : 

I.  A  desperate  encounter.— II.  In  the  swamps  of  Sal- 
kiehatchie.— III.  They  would  know  him  in  the  dark.— 
IV.  Adjt.  Payne,  the  genial  and  well-beloved.— V.  Phil 
Pointer.  — VI.  Some  remarkable  war  horses  :  (a)  Yeager; 
(b)  Fanny 957 


PART  V. 

SPECIAL  DEPARTMENT  OF  BIOGRAPHY. 
(FIRST  CAVALRY.) 

I.   Lieut. -Gen.  Joseph  Wheeler 967 

II.  Col.  James  Q.  Chenoweth 9^9 

III.  Hon.  William  T.  Ellis 973 

IV.  Hon.  E.  Polk  Johnson 977 

V.   Hon.  Thomas  C.  Jones 982 

VI.  Lieut.  James  H.  Rudy 982 

VII.  Lieut.  William  Wallace  Herr 9S7 

VIII.  Hon.  John  Will  Dyer 992 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS.  15 


PART  VI. 

BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  INDIVIDUALS,  FIELD  AND  STAFF, 
RANK  AND  FILE. 
(FIRST  CAVALRY.) 

Field  and  Staff  Officers  of  the  Regiment  (First  Organization)  .  995 

Officers  and  men  of  Co.  D, 996 

E, 999 

F, 1004 

G, 1006 

H, 1008 

I, 1009 

"      K, 1009 

Field  and  Staff  Officers  of  the  Regiment  (Second  Organization)  1014 

Officers  and  men  of  Co.  A,  .....                                     .  1015 

B, 1020 

C, 1024 

D, 1028 

E, 1033 

F, 1038 

G, 1040 

H, 1044 

I, •   -    .    .  1045 

FINAL  CHAPTER. 

Men  of  the  brigade  who,  after  the  war,  became  noted  in  the 
professions,  in  various  businuss  callings,  and  in  public 

stations 1048 

The  C.  S.  Army's  Commissary  (a  poem) 1057 

Song,  "  Oh,  Lay  Me  Away,  with  the  Boys  in  Gray  "   .    .    .    . 


16  TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


LIST  OF  ENGRAVINGS. 

FACING  PAGE. 

Anderson,  Lieut.  Keller    .......        5°8 

Breckinridge,  Maj.-Gen.  John  C 358 

Buchanan,  Capt.  Sam  H 480 

Bozarth,  James  H •  958 

Bruce,  Hon.  Eli  M 522 

Bruce,  Hon.  H.  W 525 

Buckner,  Lieut. -Gen.  S.  B 353 

Byrne,  Dr.  Walter  J 299 

Bugle,  The  Brigade S38 

Caldwell,  Col.  John  W 434 

Cofer,  Col.  Martin  H 423 

Clarke,  Lieut.-Col.  Wm.  L 443 

Chenoweth,  Col.  James  Q 969 

Desha,  Capt.  Joseph 491 

Dyer,  Hon.  John  W 992 

Ellis,  Hon.  Wm.  T 973 

Flag,  National  (Frontispiece) 

Flag,  Battle 323 

Graves,  Maj.  Rice  E 455 

Gaines,  Capt.  J.  T 497 

Greene,  Lieut.  John  W 512 

Hanson,  Brig.-Gen.  Roger  W.          375 

Hanson,  Mrs.  Virginia 318 

Helm,  Brig.-Gen.  Ben  Hardin 380 

Helm,  Mrs.  Ben  Hardin 312 

Hawkins,  Col.  Hiram 416 

Hunt,  Col.  Thomas  H 429 

Hewitt,  Lieut.-Col.  James  W 438 

Hewitt,  Capt.  Fayette 474 

Herr,  Lieut.  Wm.  Wallace 987 

Hays,  Maj.  Thomas  H 471 

Johnson,  Gov.  George  W 516 

Johnson,  Hon.  E.  Polk 977 

Jones,  Hon.  Thomas  C 982 

Kavanaugh,  Elder  H.  H 536 

Lewis,  Brig.-Gen.  Joseph  H 387 

Lee,  Col.  Philip  L 399 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS.  17 

McDowell,  Lieut.-Col.  Hervey 440 

Moss,  Col.  James  W 395 

Monroe,  Capt.  Ben  J. 

Monroe,  Maj.  Thomas  B 

McKendree,  Capt.  D.  E 

Moss,  Adjt.  Thomas  E 

McDaniel,  Walter 

McQuown,  William  R 1059 

Monument  to  Gov.  Helm 870 

Monument  to  Gen.  and  Mrs.  Hanson      350 

Monument  to  Gen.  John  C.  Breckinridge 19 

Monument  to  Our  Confederate  Dead,  Frankfort 330 

Monument  to  Our  Confederate  Dead,  Louisville   ......  336 

Nuckols,  Col.  Joseph  P 407 

Newberry,  Dr.  Thomas  L 309 

Overton,  Elder  G.  B • 533 

Osborne,  Thomas  D 514 

Pirtle,  Capt.  John  B 505 

Preston,  Maj. -Gen.  William 364 

Pickett,  Elder  Joseph  Desha 530 

Pendleton,  Dr.  John  E 298 

Rodgers,  Maj.  John  B 466 

Rudy,  Lieut.  "James  H 983 

Scott,  Dr.  Preston  B 301 

Scott,  Dr.  John  0 305 

Smith,  Dr.  Alfred 300 

Smith,  Dr.  Hugh 309 

Stevenson,  Dr.  R.  R 308 

Semple,  Maj.  Charles 451 

Thompson,  Col.  Thomas  W 414 

Thomson,  Lieut.  Robert  A 513 

Trabue,  Col.  R.  P 403 

Taylor,  Capt.  W.  J 957 

White,  Dr.  Daniel  P 528 

Wickliffe,  Lieut.-Col.  John  C 447 

Wheeler,  Lieut. -Gen.  Joseph 967 

Walker,  Capt.  David  C 503 

Weller,  Capt.  John  H 487 

Yeager,  Charger  of  S.  D.  Brooks        961 


MONUMENT  TO   MAJ.-GEN.  JOHN   C.  BRECKINRIDGE. 
Lexington. 


PART  I. 


GENERAL  HISTORY  OF  THE  BRIGADE. 


ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 


CHAPTER  I. 

INTRODUCTORY  REMARKS. CHARACTER  AND  SERVICES  OF  THE  BRIGADE 

AS  ESTIMATED   BY  OTHERS. 

Some  months  prior  to  the  close  of  the  war  I  conceived  the  design 
of  preparing,  at  some  future  time,  a  history  of  the  Orphan  Brigade. 
In  November,  1864,  the  plan  of  the  work  was  set  out  in  writing,  with 
a  view  to  interesting  others,  and  of  obtaining  such  muster-rolls  and 
other  papers  as  could  be  furnished  while  the  command  was  still  in  the 
field,  and  at  the  close.  This  letter  or  circular  was  lost  before  the  end 
came,  but  I  recall  a  sentence  :  "  However  this  war  may  terminate,  if 
a  man  can  truthfully  claim  to  have  been  a  worthy  member  of  the  Ken 
tucky  Brigade  he  will  have  a  kind  of  title  of  nobility." 

I  was  young  and  ardent,  and  of  course  such  an  expression  was  some 
what  extravagant,  even  when  received  only  as  it  was  intended — to  con 
vey,  by  a  figure,  the  simple  idea  that  such  a  man  would  be  distin 
guished  among  the  thousands  of  surviving  soldiers  and  receive  honor 
able  recognition  from  his  fellow-citizens.  The  circumstance  is  worthy 
of  note  as  indicating  that  the  fame  of  this  body  of  Kentucky  soldiers 
did  not  depend  upon  factitious  circumstances,  which  assume  undue 
proportions  when  viewed  through  the  haze  of  time,  nor  is  it  at  all  at 
tributable  to  that  glamour  to  which  the  poet  refers  when  he  declares 
that  "distance  lends  enchantment  to  the  view."  On  the  contrary 
they  were  proof  against  that  insidious  depreciation  which  results  from 
long  and  familiar  association  with  men  of  narrow  limitations  and  un 
favorable  characteristics,  to  which  reference  is  made  by  the  trite  maxim, 
"  Familiarity  breeds  contempt."  The  writer  had  from  the  first  borne 
a  humble  part  with  those  of  whom  he  spoke,  having  a  place  with 
them  till  after  Shiloh,  first  as  a  private  in  the  ranks,  then  as  a  non 
commissioned  officer ;  afterward  holding  line  and  staff  commissions ; 
had  noted  their  conduct  in  all  the  multifarious  conditions  under  which 
a  faithful  soldiery,  through  years  of  unequal  conflict  and  peculiar  trials, 
find  themselves ;  and  after  all  had  not  merely  a  pride  in  his  corps  in  the 
abstract,  but  an  admiration  for  those  composing  it,  which  gave  birth  to 
the  idea  that  no  history  of  the  command  would  be  adequate  that  did 
not  take  cognizance  of  all  the  individuals  whose  conduct  helped  to 


22  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

make  the  fame  of  the  organization,  and  which  is  carried  out  in  that  de 
partment  of  the  present  work  entitled,  "  Brief  History  of  Individuals, 
Field  and  Staff,  Rank  and  File." 

Coarse,  ill-fitting,  and  ragged  clothes,  tattered  shoes,  and  battered 
hats,  ugly  and  cheerless  surroundings,  could  not  seriously  depress  and 
could  not  at  all  disguise  the  intrepid  spirits  who  were  as  ready  in  the 
almost  hopeless  days  of  1865  to  spring  to  action  at  a  word  as  they  were 
in  the  first  flush  of  their  martial  experience,  when  they  had  no  thought 
but  that  battle  meant  victory,  and  victory  meant  the  establishing  of  a 
government  founded  indeed  and  in  truth  upon  the  consent  of  the  gov 
erned. 

A  student  of  history,  he  had  considered  the  conduct  of  famous  sol 
diery,  ancient  and  modern ;  and  with  what  light  he  had,  he  could  not 
see  that  this  body  of  young  Kentuckians  suffered  at  any  point  by  com 
parison.  He  was  not  without  a  certain  warm  admiration  of  the  Tenth 
Legion  of  the  Roman  army  and  of  Bonaparte's  Old  Guard;  but  after 
all,  in  contemplating  them,  he  saw  rather  Caesar,  the  great  Imperator, 
and  Bonaparte,  the  fiery  Corsican,  who  moulded  them  and  made  them 
famous;  in  contemplating  the  Orphan  Brigade  we  see  the  men  who 
made  their  own  fame.  True,  they  were  proud  of  their  commanders, 
and  were  influenced  by  them;  were  quickly  and  intelligently  responsive 
to  their  efforts  to  develop  soldierly  qualities  and  promote  efficiency;  but 
it  was  rather  that  they  regarded  these  commanders  as  of  them,  not  over 
them ;  rather  as  gallant  and  capable  fellow-countrymen  on  whom  they 
could  rely,  and  whom  they  could  proudly  follow,  than  as  martinets  and 
masters  who  held  their  places  only  by  virtue  of  commissions  from  the 
War  Office.  If  Buckner  or  Breckinridge  or  Preston,  Hanson  or  Helm 
or  Lewis,  had  proved  in  any  sense  incapable  or  craven,  they  would  not 
have  sunk  below  themselves  on  that  account,  but  would  have  driven 
him  from  his  place  by  manifest  contempt. 

It  is  well  to  note  here  the  quality  of  these  soldiers  as  representatives 
of  their  people.  It  is  probable  that  there  was  never  any  other  organ 
ization  of  equal  number  that  had  so  many  bright  and  well-educated 
men.  They  were  in  the  main  of  old  pioneer  stock,  and  they  were 
,  proud  and  self-respecting.  They  had  due  regard  to  family  honor,  and 
a  strong  trait  was  their  State  pride.  To  use  the  words  of  Dr.  Holmes' 
biographer,  they  had  that  "  noble  clannishness  which  is  one  of  the  safe 
guards  of  social  morality,"  and,  it  may  be  added,  of  the  fair  fame  of 
a  commonwealth.  Indeed,  it  was  the  name,  Kentuckian,  which 
touched  them  to  the  quick,  and  gave  them  a  feeling  of  responsibility 
in  guarding  it  from  reproach.  It  made  them  patient  under  privation 
and  steady  under  unusual  trial.  It  gave  them  fortitude  under  suffering 
and  fierceness  in  fight.  If  this  feeling  seems  to  have  been  somewhat 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  23 

overweening,  and  to  have  manifested  itself  at  times  in  a  way  to  make 
them  appear  to  "think  better  of  themselves  than  they  should,"  it  must 
be  observed  that  it  partook  not  in  the  slightest  degree  of  mere  personal 
vanity.  This  latter  characteristic  is  incompatible  with  a  just  and  manly 
pride  of  either  family  or  State. 

It  should  be  recorded,  too,  that  they  represented  Kentucky  as  a  whole 
and  not  any  particular  section  of  it,  not  any  particular  class  of  its  cit 
izens.  They  came  together  from  eighty-three  counties,  from  homes 
dotting  the  State  from  the  Big  Sandy  to  the  Mississippi;  from  the  Ohio 
to  the  Tennessee  line,  from  the  mountains,  the  bluegrass  regions  and 
the  western  plains;  from  city  and  hamlet  and  country  places;  from 
factories  and  shops,  mines  and  farms;  from  schools,  commercial 
houses  and  the  offices  of  professional  men. 

But  the  fact  that  the  brigade  held  a  remarkable  place  in  an  army  of 
much-enduring  and  splendid  fighting  men  does  not  rest  upon  what 
might  otherwise  appear  the  too  partial  estimate  of  an  admiring  com 
rade;  but  the  evidence  of  others,  contemporaneous  and  subsequent, 
not  only  justifies  his  conclusions,  but  gives  them  increased  significance. 
Shortly  after  the  battle  of  Shiloh,  Judge  Walker,  of  New  Orleans,  who 
was  on  the  field  during  the  engagement,  published  an  account  of  it, 
which  was  circulated  in  pamphlet  form,  and  in  which  he  mentioned 
several  of  the  Kentucky  officers  by  name,  and  spoke  of  the  conduct 
of  the  brigade  in  terms  of  the  highest  praise. 

In  drill  and  discipline  it  was  acknowledged  to  have  no  peer  in  the 
Army  of  Tennessee,  after  the  trial-drill,  May,  1863,  witn  the  Louisiana 
Brigade,  which  had  set  up  a  claim  to  superior  training  and  skill  in  ma 
neuver. 

After  a  review  at  Dal  ton,  January  30,  1864,  Major-General  Hind- 
man,  then  commanding  Hardee's  Corps,  issued  a  complimentary  or 
der,  in  which  he  said  :  "  It  is  announced  with  gratification  that  the 
commanding  General  was  much  pleased  with  the  appearance  and  bear 
ing  of  the  troops  of  this  corps  on  review  to-day.  Without  detracting 
from  the  praise  due  to  all,  the  Major-General  deems  it  but  just  to  men 
tion  the  Kentucky  Brigade  as  especially  entitled  to  commendation  for 
soldierly  appearance,  steadiness  of  marching,  and  an  almost  perfect 
accuracy  in  every  detail." 

General  Joseph  E.  Johnston  once  told  a  prominent  Confederate 
officer  that  there  was  ' '  no  better  infantry  in  the  world  than  the  Ken 
tucky  Brigade."  In  the  winter  of  i863~'64,  when  General  Breck- 
inridge  was  ordered  to  Virginia,  he  applied  to  General  Johnston  for 
permission  to  carry  the  brigade  with  him,  under  promise  from 
President  Davis  that  a  brigade  of  other  troops  should  be  furnished  as 
an  equivalent.  Johnston  replied  :  "  The  President  has  no  equivalent 


24  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

for  it.  It  is  the  best  brigade  in  the  Confederate  Army."  It  is  said 
that  he  made  substantially  the  same  remark  at  the  Continental  Hotel, 
in  Philadelphia,  some  time  in  the  winter  of  1865-' 66.  While  he  was 
United  States  Railroad  Commissioner,  Judge  William  L.  Jett,  of 
Frankfort,  called  to  see  him  in  Washington  one  day,  and  incidentally 
referred  to  having  seen  the  above  statements.  "Yes,"  he  replied, 
"the  Kentucky  Brigade  was  the  finest  body  of  soldiers  I  ever  saw." 
Judge  Emory  Speer,  the  eminent  Georgia  statesman  and  jurist,  writes 
recently  to  Capt.  J.  T.  Gaines,  in  whose  company  he  served  for  some 
time  :  "I  am  glad  to  testify  that  our  old  General,  Joseph  E.  Johnston, 
told  me,  when  we  were  Congressmen  together,  that  the  Orphan  Brigade 
was  the  finest  body  of  men  and  soldiers  he  ever  saw  in  any  army  any 
where."  Coming  from  a  trained  West  Pointer,  an  officer  of  the  old 
United  States  Army,  a  veteran  of  two  wars,  and  a  citizen'of  another 
State,  these  expressions  must  be  regarded  as  of  extraordinary  signifi 
cance. 

When  the  dismounted  detachment  moved  through  Columbia,  South 
Carolina,  April,  1865,  one  of  the  men  inquired  of  a  citizen:  "Did 
the  mounted  Kentuckians  pass  through  here?"  "Yes,"  he  replied; 
"and,"  said  another,  standing  by,  "they  were  the  only  gentlemen 
who  have  passed  through  here  since  the  war  began." 

A  medical  officer  of  White's  Battery  was  asked,  in  the  same  city, 
whether  a  certain  command  (naming  it),  was  fighting  below  Camden. 
"  No — no,"  he  replied,  "they  never  stay  at  one  place  long  enough  to 
get  into  a  fight."  "Where  was  Lewis  ?"  "Oh,"  said  he,  "Lewis 
was  there.  It  is  his  men  who  are  doing  the  fighting,  and  they'll  stick 
to  it  as  long  as  they  can  find  a  foe  to  shoot  at ! " 

About  this  time,  too,  Major-General  Young  gave  free  expression  to 
his  admiration,  and  declared  that  an  army  of  such  officers  and  men, 
with  adequate  means,  could  bid  defiance  to  the  world. 

And  one  of  the  prominent  Southern  journals,  referring  to  General 
Hood's  defeat  at  Nashville,  had  this  remark:  "  A  correspondent  of 
one  of  our  exchanges  writes  of  the  unfortunate  disaster  at  Nashville, 
and  incidentally  pays  the  highest  compliment  to  Lewis'  brigade,  then 
absent,  which  was  never  known  to  falter.'1'' 

The  Mobile  Advertiser  and  Register,  speaking  of  a  certain  point  of 
Hood's  defense,  on  the  same  occasion,  remarks:  "Troops  should 
have  been  placed  at  that  point  of  whom  not  the  slightest  doubt  ex 
isted.  Had  the  Kentucky  Brigade  been  there,  all  would  have  been 
safe." 

It  is  well  authenticated,  also,  that  the  United  States  Army  knew 
them ;  and  as  the  veteran  soldiers  of  every  civilized  nation  admire 
those  most  who  oppose  them  most  manfully,  they  respected  them  highly 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE  25 

When  a  large  part  of  the  brigade  was  captured  at  Jonesboro,  General 
Jefferson  C.  Davis,  by  whose  division  they  were  made  prisoners,  ex 
pressed  his  admiration  of  them,  and  assured  them  that  they  should  be 
treated  as  gentlemen  ;  and  no  insult  was  offered  by  the  soldiers,  nor 
was  the  then  common  custom  of  depriving  prisoners  of  watches  and 
other  private  property  resorted  to  by  any  one.  On  the  contrary,  while 
expressing  their  joy  at  having  captured  them,  they  incidentally  extolled 
them  in  no  measured  terms. 

The  foregoing  are  a  few  of  the  many  expressions  that  were  heard 
from  Donelson  and  Shiloh  to  Camden.  It  is  unnecessary  to  swell  the 
number. 

Something  of  the  interest  which  gathered  around  the  command  was 
no  doubt  due  to  the  singular  position  they  occupied.  Almost  the  sole 
representatives  in  the  Confederate  Infantry  of  a  State  renowned  of  old 
for  the  gallantry  of  her  sons,  displayed  on  almost  every  field  since  the 
Revolution ;  completely  isolated  from  home,  and  for  the  time  in  direct 
antagonism  to  the  authority  of  their  Commonwealth,  without  the  com 
forts  and  encouragements  that  others  enjoyed — the  soldierly  qualities 
exhibited  in  battling  so  manfully,  suffering  so  patiently,  bearing  them 
selves  so  loftily  under  all,  were  such  as  would  have  attracted  the  atten 
tion  of  the  country  under  any  circumstances,  and  would  seem  to  deserve 
special  notice  at  the  hands  of  the  historian. 

In  physical  development  and  powers  of  endurance  their  superiority 
was  manifest.  Official  tables  of  measurement  taken  during  the  war 
show  that  among  from  three  to  four  millions  of  volunteers  from  all  parts 
of  the  Union,  natives  and  foreigners,  those  born  and  reared  in  Ken 
tucky  exceeded  all  others  except  Tenneseeans  in  average  height, 
weight,  size  of  head,  circumference  of  chest,  and  ratio  of  weight  to 
stature.  Two  peculiar  instances  of  their  hardihood  are  given  :  During 
the  first  siege  of  Vicksburg,  when  they  were  encamped  about  the  city 
for  five  weeks  succeeding  June  28,  1862,  and  doing  duty  along  the 
river  under  very  unusual  conditions  (to  them) — poor  rations,  bad 
water,  an  enervating  climate,  and  miasmatic  influence — the  mortality 
among  them,  as  shown  by  surgeons'  reports,  was  less  than  that  of 
troops  whose  homes  were  in  the  Southern  States.  On  the  march  from 
Jackson  to  Big  Black  beginning  Jury  i,  1863,  and  the  return,  many 
men  belonging  to  the  Southern  and  Southeastern  States  fell  out,  and 
some  died  from  the  effects  of  the  intense  heat  and  fatigue,  while  the 
Kentuckians  withstood  all  and  were  on  hand  for  duty  when  operations 
were  resumed  at  Jackson. 

Their  indomitable  resolution  and  constancy  were  well  exemplified  by 
their  action  at  Greene's  Cut,  Ga.,  February  u,  1865.  No  one  at  all 
conversant  with  the  history  of  those  times  needs  to  be  reminded  of  the 


26  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

long  and  arduous  service  which  they  had  performed,  the  trials  to  which 
they  had  been  subjected,  the  manifold  disappointments  and  discour 
agements  which  they  had  experienced  from  the  beginning,  now  ex 
tending  well  into  the  fourth  year.  Apparently  they  had  had  enough 
to  break  the  spirits  of  brave  and  true  men.  There  was  disaffection 
among  the  people  for  whom  they  were  fighting;  newspapers  were 
basely  advising  submission — crying  for  peace  on  any  terms — and  the 
Governor  of  the  great  State  of  Georgia  was  rated  among  the  most  cap 
tious  of  the  critics  who  had  long  called  in  question  the  policy  of  the 
Confederate  Government,  and  fomented  opposition.  It  was  a  sorry 
spectacle  to  Kentuckians ;  and  they  denounced  the  spirit  that  prompted 
such  exhibitions  of  disloyalty  to  a  Government  which  they  had  helped 
to  create,  and  which  Kentuckians  were  sacrificing  much  and  risking  all 
in  trying  to  establish. 

The  officers  and  men  assembled  on  the  day  alluded  to  and  passed 
resolutions  condemning  in  strong  terms  all  that  tended  to  encourage 
defection,  deplete  the  ranks  of  the  soldiery,  withhold  from  the  Gov 
ernment  aid  and  comfort,  and  encourage  the  enemy.  Every  regiment 
was  represented  by  officers  and  men  on  the  committee  that  drafted  the 
resolutions,  while  field  and  staff,  rank  and  file  composed  the  meeting 
that  passed  them  without  a  dissenting  voice.  Our  services,  our  sacri 
fices,  they  said  substantially,  give  us  the  right  to  speak ;  we  accept  no 
excuse  for  relaxing  effort  to  conquer  a  peace  and  establish  independ 
ence  ;  we  are  exiles  from  our  homes  and  those  who  are  nearest  and 
dearest  to  us,  but  we  are  not  willing  to  return  upon  terms  now  pro 
posed;  we  believe  the  minie-rifle  is  our  best  peace  commissioner;  we 
suggest  that  disloyal  editors  be  placed  beside  true  men  in  the  ranks, 
where  they  can  be  taught,  with  Enfields  in  their  hands,  how  a  Gov 
ernment  should  be  supported;  we  reassert  our  devotion,  and  we  send 
this  our  greeting  to  General  Robert  E.  Lee,  to  be  read  to  the  noble 
army  of  North  Virginia,  as  our  assurance  that  we  will  stand  shoulder 
to  shoulder  with  them,  as  it  were,  in  this  war  of  right  and  justice. 

These  resolutions  were  published  in  the  Atlanta  Constitution  and  in 
Virginia,  and  whether  their  effect  to  stay  the  rising  tide  of  disloyalty 
and  dismay  was  much  or  little,  Kentuckians  were  put  on  record  as  be 
ing  ready  to  stand  to  their  guns  as  long  as  a  Confederate  flag  floated 
over  the  capitol  at  Richmond.  It  was  the  only  time  during  the  war 
that  they  stopped  to  substitute  resolutions  for  rifle-shots,  and  these  were 
not  aimed  at  the  common  enemy,  but  at  the  dangerous  malcontents  in 
the  South. 

Let  us  next  advert  to  conclusions  reached  by  a  scholarly  gentlman 
and  popular  writer,  who  was  a  Union  man,  and  whose  prejudices  and 
affiliations,  therefore,  did  not  predispose  him  to  judge  too  favorably. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN   HRIGADK.  27 

Professor  N.  S.  Shaler,  in  the  course  of  his  able  ethnological  studies, 
in  Scribncrs  (1890),  entitled,  "Nature  and  Man  in  America/'  gives 
the  following  remarkable  estimate  of  these  men,  based  upon  statements 
and  statistics  relating  to  the  troops  of  the  two  opposing  armies : 

"Last  of  all,  we  have  the  test  afforded  by  the  trials  of  the  struggle 
between  North  and  South.  War  has  ever  been  the  rudest  and  the 
most  effective  gauge  of  certain  important  qualities.  The  actual  advance 
to  which  living  beings  have  attained  has  been  in  large  part  determined 
by  the  measure  of  resistance  which  creatures  have  been  enabled  to 
make  against  adverse  circumstances,  not  the  passive  inertia  of  inani 
mate  things,  but  the  active  and  long-continued  contest  in  which  all  the 
latent  powers  are  applied  in  determined  action.  The  military  struggles 
of  men  are  but  an  advanced  and  complicated  form  of  the  immemo 
rial  rivalry  of  lower  creatures,  out  of  which,  through  infinite  pain, 
infinite  good  has  been  won.  There  is  no  more  searching  test  of  the 
moral  and  physical  development  of  a  people  than  that  which  is  afforded 
by  a  great  and  long-continued  civil  war.  That  such  a  strife  affords  a 
measure  of  the  physical  power  which  is  in  the  people  of  maintaining 
determinations  is  manifest.  The  contact  of  armies  in  the  field  gives, 
moreover,  an  excellent  measure  as  to  the  moral  state  of  the  people. 
Nothing  so  tests  the  firmness  with  which  the  motives  of  sympathy,  of 
justice,  are  rooted  in  men,  as  the  temptations  which  campaigns  expose 
them  to. 

"It  is  hard,  in  our  ordinary,  well-regulated  societies,  to  ascertain 
how  far  men  are  held  to  right  by  the  machinery  of  the  law,  how  far 
their  relations  to  their  fellows  are  fixed  by  their  own  motives.  The 
ratio  of  compulsion  to  spontaneous  motives  becomes  evident  when  the 
men  of  the  State  are  marshalled  into  armies.  This  test  was  made 
thorough-going  by  the  circumstances  of  our  civil  war.  In  the  first 
place  the  combatants  fought  for  more  ideal  issues  than  men  commonly 
do.  It  was  not  for  the  love  of  chieftains,  or  for  conquest,  but  for  theo 
ries  of  institutions,  of  plans  for  States,  that  they  contended.  No  war 
was  ever  so  humanely  conducted  as  this.  There  were  grievous  things 
about  it ;  all  war  is  a  succession  of  griefs ;  but  the  conduct  of  the 
armies  in  the  field  was  more  humane  than  in  any  other  similar  cam 
paigns  which  the  world  has  known.  The  interest  of  women  and  chil 
dren  was  almost  invariably  considered.  The  soldiers  born  upon  the 
soil  generally  carried  the  civic  sense,  the  order  of  peaceful  society, 
with  them  in  march  and  battle.  Good-nature  and  sympathy  were 
written  on  their  banners.  We  have  but  to  compare  the  struggles  of 
the  French  and  Spaniards  in  Florida,  or  the  wars  between  the  Ameri 
can  colonies  of  the  British  and  French,  to  see  how  humanized  our 
armies  were  under  circumstances,  which,  in  other  lands  and  times, 
have  awakened  the  devil  in  men.  The  issue  of  the  combat,  the  perfect 
accord  and  loving  humor  which  now  mark  the  men  who  met  on  battle 
fields,  shows  this  in  the  clearest  possible  manner.  I  take  it  to  be  plain 
that  the  rebellion  proves  our  people  to  have  lost  nothing  in  the  moral 
gains  which  the  race  won  in  the  Old  World.  If  we  compare  the  issue 
of  the  contest  with  the  chronic  conditions  of  dispute  between  Great 
Britain  and  Ireland,  I  think  we  may  claim  that  we  have  gained  in  the 
moral  qualities  which  appear  in  the  conduct  of  public  affairs. 


28  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

"The  conduct  of  our  armies  in  the  field  shows  clearly  that  the  com 
bination  of  physical  vigor  and  moral  earnestness  which  make  a  good 
soldier  exists  in  unsurpassed  measure  in  the  man  whose  ancestors 
dwelt  long  upon  the  American  soil. 

' '  Some  years  ago  I  sought  carefully  to  find  a  body  of  troops  whose 
ancestors  had  been  for  many  generations  upon  our  soil,  and  whose 
ranks  were  essentially  unmixed  with  foreigners,  or  those  whose  fore 
fathers  had  been  but  a  short  time  upon  this  continent.  It  proved  dif 
ficult  to  find  in  the  Northern  armies  any  command  which  served  the 
needs  of  the  inquiry  which  I  desired  to  make.  It  seemed  necessary  to 
consider  a  force  of  at  least  five  thousand  men  in  order  to  avoid  the 
risks  which  would  come  from  imperfect  data.  In  our  Federal  army  it 
was  the  custom  to  put  in  the  same  brigade  regiments  from  different 
districts,  thus  commingling  commands  of  pure  American  blood  with 
those  that  had  a  considerable  percentage  of  foreigners,  or  men  of  for 
eign  parents.  I  found  in  my  limited  inquiry  but  one  command  that 
satisfied  the  needs  of  this  investigation,  and  this  was  the  First  Brigade 
of  Kentucky  troops  in  the  rebel  army.  In  the  beginning  of  the  war 
this  brigade  was  recruited  mostly  in  the  slave-holding  district  of  Ken 
tucky,  its  ranks  being  filled  mainly  with  farmers'  sons.  It  is  possible 
to  trace  the  origin  of  the  men  in  this  command  with  sufficient  exactitude 
by  the  inspection  of  the  muster-rolls.  Almost  every  name  upon  them 
belongs  to  well-known  families  of  English  stock,  mainly  derived  from 
Virginia.  It  is  possible,  in  a  similar  way,  to  prove  that,  with  few,  un 
important  exceptions,  these  soldiers  were  of  ancient  American  lineage. 
Speaking  generally,  we  may  say  that  their  blood  had  been  traced  upon 
the  soil  for  a  century  and  a  half;  that  is,  they  were  about  five  genera 
tions  removed  from  the  parent  country. 

' '  When  first  recruited,  this  brigade  contained  about  five  thousand 
men.  From  the  beginning  it  proved  as  trustworthy  a  body  of  infantry 
as  ever  marched  or  stood  in  line  of  battle.  Its  military  record  is  too 
long,  too  varied,  to  be  even  summarized  here.  I  will  note  only  one 
hundred  and  twenty  days  of  its  history  in  the  closing  stages  of  its  serv 
ice.  On  May  7,  1864,  this  brigade,  then  in  the  army  of  General  Jos 
eph  Johnston,  marched  out  of  Dalton  1,140  strong,  at  the  beginning 
of  the  great  retreat  upon  Atlanta  before  the  army  of  Sherman.  In  the 
subsequent  hundred  and  twenty  days,  or  until  September  3d,  the  brig 
ade  was  almost  continuously  in  action  or  on  the  march.  In  this  period 
the  men  of  the  command  received  1,860  death  or  hospital  wounds,  the 
dead  counted  as  wounds,  and  but  one  wound  being  counted  for  each 
visitation  of  the  hospital.  At  the  end  of  this  time  there  were  less  than 
fifty  men  who  had  not  been  wounded  during  the  hundred  and  twenty 
days.  There  were  240  men  left  for  duty,  and  less  than  ten  men  de 
serted. 

"A  search  into  the  history  of  warlike  exploits  has  failed  to  show  me 
any  endurance  to  the  worst  trials  of  war  surpassing  this.  We  must 
remember  that  the  men  of  this  command  were  at  each  stage  of  their 
retreat  going  farther  from  their  firesides.  It  is  easy  for  men  to  bear 
great  trials  under  circumstances  of  victory.  Soldiers  of  ordinary  good 
ness  will  stand  several  defeats,  but  to  endure  the  despair  which  such 
adverse  conditions  bring  for  more  than  a  hundred  days  demands  a 
moral  and  physical  patience,  which,  so  far  as  I  have  learned,  has  never 
been  excelled  in  any  army." 


HISTORY  OF  THE  OKl'HAN    HKKIADE.  29 

From  Professor  Shaler's  unqualified  use  of  the  term  rebel  and  re 
bellion  the  men  whom  he  otherwise  characterizes  with  such  dispassion 
ate  judgment  must  dissent;  and  they  can  but  wonder  that  a  mind  so 
philosophical  and  candid  accepts  a  phraseology  which  the  historians  of 
the  future  (and  not  distant  future)  will  discard;  but  his  testimony  is  the 
manly  and  striking  tribute  of  an  honorable  adversary  to  an  organiza 
tion  of  Kentuckians  whose  fame  is  now  the  joint  heritage  of  all  her 
citizens. 

In  his  article  in  the  May  (1896)  Century  Magazine,  "Are  Nervous 
Diseases  Increasing?"  Dr.  Philip  Coombs  Knapp  says:  "Up  to  the 
period  of  the  civil  war  the  American  was  denounced  as  physically  de 
generate,  inferior  in  bulk,  strength  and  endurance  to  his  English  cousin. 
This  war  put  an  end  to  such  talk.  No  armies  ever  endured  more  than 
ours  in  the  field;  no  people  endured  more  than  those  who  stayed  be 
hind,  waiting  and  helping.  The  record  of  the  First  Kentucky  Brigade 
(here  he  recapitulates  Shaler's  estimate  and  adds)  has  never  been  sur 
passed.  These  men  were  of  the  purest  American  stock." 

Different  accounts  have  been  given  as  to  how  the  command  acquired 
the  designation  of  Orphan  Brigade.  Its  attitude  toward  its  native 
State — expatriated  by  reason  of  identification  with  a  cause  which  Ken 
tucky  had  not  formally  approved ;  its  complete  isolation  from  its  peo 
ple;  its  having  been  time  and  again  deprived  of  its  commander  by 
transfer  to  other  service,  or  death  in  battle — these,  all  and  singular, 
may  have  suggested  the  name,  which  soon  fixed  itself  in  the  popular 
mind,  and  has  come  to  be  the  real  one  by  which  it  will  be  known  in 
history. 

That  its  record  should  be  carefully  written  for  the  information  of  the 
present  generation,  and  for  transmission  to  posterity,  is  not  a  matter  of 
mere  personal  concern  to  its  survivors  and  a  just  tribute  to  the  memory 
of  its  dead;  it  concerns  the  State.  If  Gladstone's  dictum,  that  "  no 
greater  calamity  can  happen  to  a  people  than  to  break  utterly  with  its 
past,"  is  true  in  general,  it  is  especially  true  of  any  episode  of  that  past 
in  which  the  people  acquired  enlarged  title  to  distinction,  and  in  which 
lessons  were  taught  which  should  enter  into  its  life  and  mould  its  fut 
ure. 


30  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 


CHAPTER  II. 

BRIEF    REVIEW  OF    THE    ATTITUDE  OF    THE    CONFEDERATE    ELEMENT  OF 

KENTUCKY    ON    THE  QUESTION    IN    ISSUE. OBJECTION   TO  CERTAIN 

CURRENT    TERMS    AND     STATEMENTS     WHICH    IMPROPERLY    GO    UN 
CHALLENGED. — ORGANIZATION  OF  A  PROVISIONAL  GOVERNMENT. 

To  enter  into  a  discussion,  in  a  work  of  this  kind,  of  the  causes 
which  led  to  the  war  would  be  not  only  inappropriate  but  inexcusable ; 
and  for  a  proper  understanding  of  the  attitude  of  the  men  who 
espoused  the  Southern  cause,  and  particularly  of  those  who  volun 
teered  for  the  Southern  service,  it  is  necessary  to  note  only,  and  very 
briefly,  the  grounds  of  such  predilection  in  favor  of  the  Confederacy, 
and  of  -such  action  on  the  part  of  those  who  took  up  arms  in  defense 
of  their  principles. 

There  are  no  records  from  which  to  compile  an  accurate  statement 
of  the  number  of  Kentuckians  who  enlisted  in  the  Confederate  army. 
Reckoning  by  organizations,  and  comparing  with  the  infantry  regi 
ments  whose  original  rolls  are  still  in  existence  those  whose  numbers 
were  never  definitely  stated,  it  has  been  estimated  that  the  maximum 
-could  not  have  exceeded  forty  thousand.  Rosters  and  rolls  made  at 
various  times  during  the  war,  and  now  on  file  in  the  War  Office  at 
Washington,  indicate  that  twenty-five  thousand  is  nearer  the  correct 
figure. 

During  the  four  years  of  war  the  United  States  enlisted  in  Ken 
tucky  more  than  seventy-eight  thousand  men.  Of  these  there  were 
nineteen  regiments  and  battalions  of  colored  troops ;  but,  deducting 
these,  it  will  be  seen  that  of  white  men  there  were  between  two  and 
three  times  as  many  Kentuckians  in  the  Federal  as  in  the  Confederate 
service.  Apparently  the  preponderance  of  sentiment  in  the  State  was 
largely  in  favor  of  the  war  policy  of  the  United  States  Government ; 
but  this  is  to  be  received  with  some  degree  of  allowance,  and  it  is  not 
unreasonable  to  conclude  that  after  the  first  excitement,  during  which 
the  young  men  of  the  State  impulsively  followed  the  bent  of  their  in 
clinations,  when  the  question  of  union  or  disunion  received  sober  sec 
ond  thought  the  people  found  themselves  reduced  to  the  necessity  of 
making  choice  between  the  evil  of  separation  and  that  of  establishing 
a  union  by  force  ;  and  that  very  many  who  repudiated  the  idea  that 
the  Constitution  warranted  a  resort  to  coercion  under  any  circum- 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  31 

stances,  chose  the  latter,  and  encouraged  the  enlistment  of  troops  to 
compel  the  seceded  States  to  accept  the  ultra  doctrine  of  the  Whigs, 
that  in  ratifying  the  Constitution  of  1787  the  States  had  yielded  up 
their  individual  sovereignty,  and  that  the  Union  thereby  entered  into 
must  be  held  as  "  one  and  indivisible." 

Taking  human  nature  as  we  find  it,  we  must  of  course  give  due 
weight  to  the  influences  that  were  brought  to  bear  upon  the  border 
States  after  it  became  manifest  that  war  was  inevitable ;  and  these 
were  cumulative  and  grew  more  potent  as  events  of  momentous  import 
succeeded  each  other  with  startling  rapidity,  and  the  horrors  of  in- 
,ternecine  strife  were  no  longer  a  mere  probability,  but  were  seen  and 
felt. 

There  can  be  no  question  that  in  the  early  days  of  1861,  the  people 
of  Kentucky  were  almost  a  unit  in  their  opposition  to  the  policy  of 
coercion  which  had  begun  to  be  foreshadowed. 

During  the  called  session  of  the  Legislature,  (January,  1861),  that 
body  was  well-nigh  unanimous  in  condemning  the  action  of  certain 
Eastern  States  in  tendering  to  the  President  men  and  money  to  be  used 
in  coercing  the  sovereign  States  of  the  South  into  obedience,  and  in 
declaring  that  when  those  States  should  send  armed  forces  into  the 
South  for  that  purpose,  the  people  of  Kentucky  would  unite  with  their 
brethren  of  the  South,  and  as  one  man,  to  resist  such  invasion  at  all 
hazards  and  to  the  last  extremity. 

For  months  there  was  no  manifest  abatement  of  this  feeling.  There 
was  an  inconsiderable  number  of  men  in  the  State  who  had  identified 
.themselves  with  the  Republican  or  Union  party ;  but  at  that  time  the 
Breckinridge  and  Douglas  Democrats  and  the  Bell  and  Everett  or 
National  Americans  comprised  almost  the  whole  voting  population, 
and  nearly  all  these  were  united  in  their  opposition  to  the  use  of  force. 
When,  (April  15,  1861,)  Governor  Magoffin  replied  to  Mr.  Lincoln's 
call  for  troops,  "  I  say  emphatically  that  Kentucky  will  furnish  no 
troops  for  the  wicked  purpose  of  subduing  her  sister  Southern  States  ;" 
his  action  was  regarded  as  the  expression  of  the  people's  will;  and  at 
a  meeting  held  two  days  afterward  to  consider  the  attitude  in  which  the 
Executive  had  formally  placed  her,  a  committee  .composed  of  able 
men  of  both  the  great  parties  passed  resolutions  approving  the  re 
sponse.  "  If,"  said  this  representative  meeting,  through  its  commit 
tee,  "  the  enterprise  announced  in  the  proclamation  of  the  President 
shall  at  any  time  'hereafter  assume  the  aspect  of  a  war  for  the  overrun 
ning  and  subjugation  of  the  seceding  States,  through  the  full  assertion 
therein  of  the  national  jurisdiction  by  a  standing  military  force,  we  do 
not  hesitate  to  say  that  Kentucky  should  unsheath  the  sword  in  what 
ihen  will  have  become  a  common  cause." 


32  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

Of  the  wisdom  of  the  step  taken  by  the  Southern  States  there  was 
grave  doubt  in  the  minds  of  many  of  Kentucky's  ablest  and  best  men ; 
of  the  abstract  right  of  secession  there  was  little  question  in  the  minds 
of  any  except  the  ultra  Whigs ;  of  the  utter  absence  of  authority 
vested  in  the  President  and  Congress  by  the  Constitution  to  compel 
the  return  of  the  seceded  States,  there  was  no  doubt  in  the  minds  of 
the  ablest  jurists  and  statesmen,  or  of  others  who  had  seriously  con 
sidered  the  provisions  of  that  instrument. 

The  spirit  of  the  Resolutions  of  1798-99  had  entered  into  the  life 
of  the  people  of  Kentucky,  and  the  doctrine  had  become  a  part  of 
their  mental  furnishing.  They  were  strict  constructionists,  but  they 
had  seldom  had  occasion  to  apprehend  danger,  and  scarcely  ever  any 
disposition  to  discuss  this  doctrine  or  to  assert  it.  They  had  believed 
in  the  perpetuity  of  the  Union,  and  they  deprecated  sectional  agita 
tion,  come  from  whatever  quarter  it  might ;  but  now  they  were  brought 
face  to  face  with  the  startling  fact  that  their  own  views  were  being  put 
to  a  practical  test;  and  they  were  left  the  alternative  of  adhering  to 
them  and  allying  themselves  with  the  States  which  had  taken  so  radi 
cal  a  step  that,  according  to  the  Kentucky  theory,  a  legal  separation 
was  already  an  accomplished  fact,  or  to  abandon  an  essential  part  of 
their  political  creed  and  make  themselves  a  party  to  usurpation  of 
power.  "Resolved,"  said  the  celebrated  paper  referred  to,  "that 
whenever  the  General  Government  assumes  undelegated  powers,  its 
acts  are  unauthoritative,  void  and  of  no  force ;  that  to  this  compact 
each  State  acceded  as  a  State,  and  is  an  integral  party,  its  co-States 
forming  as  to  itself  the  other  party."  In  the  light  of  this,  the  action 
of  the  Washington  Government  was  revolutionary. 

Add  to  this  that  their  inclinations  were  naturally  with  the  South  ;  in 
some  respects  their  interests  were  identical ;  and  there  was  besides  the 
warmer  feeling  of  kinship  with  these  people  from  whose  pioneer  stock 
her  population  had  in  a  large  part  been  derived  ;  and  it  will  be  readily 
apprehended  that  but  for  the  hesitation  of  Virginia  and  Tennessee, 
discouraging  action  on  her  part  until  the  first  heat  of  excitement  had 
passed,  Kentucky  would  have  formally  identified  herself  with  the 
Southern  movement;  but  the  delay  brought  change  of  policy,  if  not 
of  sincere  sentiment. 

The  geographical  position  of  the  State  was  exceedingly  unfavorable 
under  the  circumstances ;  and  this  was  seized  upon  by  the  men  whose 
proclivities  were  to  the  North,  and  it  was  made  the  most  of  by  Union 
men  everywhere.  With  three  hostile  States  on  her  river  line,  hav 
ing  facilities  for  transporting  troops  and  munitions  of  war  from  any 
portion  of  the  North,  and  throwing  them  speedily  into  her  midst — her 
border  cities  perfectly  exposed  to  destruction  from  a  naval  armament 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  33 

that  might  have  been  sent  into  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  so  promptly 
as  to  render  any  attempt  at  coast  defense  useless ;  add  to  this  that  she 
was  not  adequately  armed  and  equipped,  and  had  neither  the  power 
to  become  so  of  herself  nor  the  hope  of  receiving  that  character  of 
aid  from  the  Confederate  Government, — and  it  will  be  seen  that  she 
was  almost  entirely  defenseless,  and  the  obstacles  were  recognized  as 
being  so  really  insurmountable,  by  even  the  less  sagacious  and  more 
passionate  leaders  of  the  Southern  element  in  Kentucky,  that  they 
w.ere  paralyzed;  and  every  sign  of  hesitation,  every  day  of  delay, 
emboldened  the  party  that  sought  not  only  to  prevent  alliance  with  the 
South,  but  to  make  the  State  an  active  participant  in  the  war  of  subju 
gation.  The  result  was  that  Kentucky  at  last  assumed  an  attitude 
utterly  unworthy  of  the  character  and  traditions  of  her  people — neu 
trality,  so-called,  in  a  time  of  great  public  upheaval  and  of  that  peril 
to  free  institutions  which  could  but  be  apprehended  from  an  organized 
attempt  to  overthrow  constitutional  rights. 

It  is  unnecessary  to  consider  the  successive  steps  by  which  this  result 
was  reached.  How  the  Southern  leaders  in  good  faith  acqueisced  in  it, 
and  sought  to  carry  out  their  part  of  the  compact,  is  part  of  the  gen 
eral  history  of  the  times.  And  it  is  not  pleasant  to  recall  the  crimina 
tions  and  recriminations  current  among  the  partisans  of  the  respective 
powers  then  at  war,  and  the  bitterness  that  was  engendered.  It  was 
but  natural  that  a  certain  degree  of  odium  should  attach  to  Kentucky 
in  the  minds  of  both  sections,  though  both  drew  largely  from  her  to 
swell  the  ranks  of  the  respective  armies,  and  the  North  especially  for 
supplies  and  munitions  of  war. 

The  Southern  sympathizers  in  Kentucky  who  had  awaited  the  action 
of  their  own  State,  with  the  hope  that  such  action  would  be  consistent 
with  their  views,  and  lead  to  organizing  for  the  purpose  of  repelling  all 
attempts  of  the  Federal  armies  to  cross  her  northern  boundary,  put  no 
faith  in  the  declaration  of  the  Legislature  that  Kentucky  "  would  not 
take  up  arms  for  either  belligerent  party;  but  arm  herself  for  the  pres 
ervation  of  peace  in  her  own  borders."  They  believed  the  position 
wholly  untenable,  if  not  dastardly,  and  felt  themselves  free  to  act  on 
their  individual  responsibility.  Further  than  this  they  felt  that  the 
policy  had  not  been  adopted  in  good  faith,  and  that  it  would  not  be  re 
spected  by  the  Washington  authorities.  They  had  not  long  to  wait  for 
confirmation  of  this,  for  before  July,  General  William  Nelson  was  au 
thorized  to  recruit  in  Kentucky  five  regiments  of  infantry  and  one  of 
cavalry  for  service  in  the  Federal  army ;  and  during  that  month  a 
Federal  camp  of  rendezvous  and  instruction,  "  Dick  Robinson,"  was 
established  in  the  State.  The  Southern  men  considered  this  a  virtual 
abandonment  of  the  policy  by  the  party  that  originated  it ;  but  they  de- 


34  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

clinedto  accept  the  retraction,  and  their  recruiting  stations  were  es 
tablished  on  the  Tennessee  border,  within  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Con 
federate  States. 

Relieved  from  all  obligation '  to  do  military  service  at  the  call  of  the 
State  by  the  State's  own  action  and  by  its  acquiescence  in  the  estab 
lishment  of  a  recruiting  station  in  her  own  limits,  they  were  free  to 
take  service  in  accordance  with  their  own  views  and  feelings.  It 
ought  to  be  noted  that  .though  Kentucky  was  still  an  integral  part  of 
the  Union  she  had  declared  herself  ready  to  fight  the  United  States 
troops — a  course  which  could  be  justified  only  on  strictly  secession 
principles.  Occupying  this  anomalous  position,  she  had  virtually 
abandoned  legal  control  of  her  own  citizens,  who  proceeded  to  ally 
themselves  with  one  or  the  other  party  to  the  conflict.  A  word  here 
as  to  the  sentiments  and  feelings  of  the  Kentucky  secessionists  at  this 
crisis : 

The  typical  Kentuckian  is  essentially  loyal  and  essentially  senti 
mental.  Whatever  has  indisputable  claim  to  his  devotion,  whatever 
he  loves,  whatever  he  is  responsible  for,  is  assured  of  his  constancy 
and  of  the  might  of  his  arm  in  time  of  need.  As  long  as  his  country's 
flag  symbolizes  his  country's  rights,  dignity  and  lawful  power,  a  sight 
of  it,  raised  in  appeal  to  the  country's  defenders,  sets  him  afire.  He 
does  not  waste  time  composing  verses  and  making  bombastic  speeches, 
but  gets  his  gun.  Sentiment  does  not  degenerate  into  mere  senti 
mentality,  but  impels  to  action.  Witness  the  war  of  1812.  When  the 
Governor  called  for  volunteers  considerably  in  excess  of  the  State's 
proportion,  twice  the  number  took  the  field  and  soon  showed  that  the 
cavalier  and  revolutionary  blood  was  abounding  and  unadulterated. 
In  the  conflict  with  Mexico,  the  Kentuckian  was  prompt  and  very 
prominent ;  and  if  there  had  been  the  suggestion  of  threatened  disaster 
to  American  arms,  and  of  real  need,  the  State  would  have  turned  out 
a  sufficient  army  of  her  own,  not  only  to  relieve  Texas,  but  to  take 
possession  of  the  enemy's  country. 

It  should  be  kept  in  mind,  however,  that  his  loyalty  is  not  a  blind 
prejudice;  not  a  bias  resulting  from  old  habits  and  associations.  He 
is  quick  to  discover  when  a  mere  graven  image  or  a  clay  god  occupies 
the  place  of  what  he  believed  true  and  worthy  of  his  regard;  and  as 
quick  to  kindle  into  that  indignation  which  results  in  an  effort  to  break 
it  in  pieces.  Herein  lies  the  solution  of  the  apparent  anomaly  that  a 
State  known  of  all  men  to  be  rather  ultra  loyal  to  the  General  Govern 
ment;  a  State  whose  citizens,  whether  calling  themselves  Whigs  or 
Democrats,  gave  a  hearty  amen  to  Mr.  Clay's  watch- word,  "The 
Union,  One  and  Indivisible,"  and  were  always  ready  to  take  up  arms 
in  its  defense — that  such  a  State  was  once  on  the  point  of  seceding — 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  35 

in  fact  would  have  seceded  had  there  not  been  double-dealing  which 
caused  delay,  during  which  the  Federal  power  perfected  plans  and 
adopted  a  policy  that  over-awed  the  timid  and  won  the  wavering  by 
playing  upon  their  fears  and  threatening  their  property  interests.  With 
those  who  early  in  1861  were  inclined  to  ally  Kentucky  with  the 
Southern  movement  it  was  a  condition  precedent  to  their  constant 
loyalty  to  the  Union  of  the  States  that  there  should  be  no  violation  of 
the  compact  into  which  all  had  entered;  and  they  now  saw  in  the 
principles  and  policy  of  the  dominant  party  an  assumption  of  authority 
to  maintain  the  Union  by  force  of  arms — a  doctrine  which  they  re 
pudiated  and  resented.  In  spite  of  the  overshadowing  influence  of 
Mr.  Clay,  the  spirit  of  the  resolutions  of  1798  had  lived  and  even  in 
tensified  as  hostility  to  Southern  institutions  became  more  and  more 
manifest.  The  general  public  did  not  note  the  fine  distinction  between 
the  resolutions  of  1798  and  those  of  1799,  whether  a  State  could  legiti 
mately  withdraw  without  the  concurrence  of  a  majority  of  the  States; 
but  accepted  the  extreme  doctrine  that  each  was  sovereign,  and  for 
cause  could  dissolve  its  connection  with  the  rest.  So,  when  it  became 
clear  that  the  Washington  government  meant  to  wage  war  upon  the  se 
ceded  States  because  they  had  presumed  to  exercise  what  they  re 
garded  as  a  constitutional  right,  these  men  looked  upon  it  as  an  out 
rage,  monstrous  in  its  criminality.  When  it  was  proposed  that  the 
armies  of  the  United  States  should  march  under  the  old  flag,  upon 
which  Kentuckians  had  so  long  lovingly  looked  as  the  banner  of  free 
dom  and  the  emblem  of  all  that  had  been  won  by  the  blood  and 
treasure  of  Kentucky  and  the  South,  as  well  as  of  those  that  now  held 
the  reins  of  Government — when  this  was  to  float  over  an  army  of  in 
vasion  and  subjugation,  moved  by  a  power  that  was  not  expressly  (or 
even  impliedly  as  they  saw  things),  lodged  anywhere — is  it  any  won 
der  that  for  the  time  it  not  only  lost  its  sanctity  but  took  on  the  aspect 
of  one  symbolizing  usurpation  of  authority  and  the  sinister  purposes 
of  a  conqueror  ? 

The  candid  and  reflecting  mind  judges  the  actions  of  men  by  their 
underlying  motives,  and  seeks  fairly  to  discover  whether  those  motives 
have  as  their  logical  basis  honest  convictions. 

The  wild  fanaticism  of  the  North  on  the  slavery  question,  which  had 
its  manifestations  in  teaching  that  there  was  a  higher  law  than  the  Con 
stitution  ;  that  the  Constitution  was  ' '  a  league  with  death  and  a  cove 
nant  with  hell;"  that  the  stripes  on  the  country's  flag  were  "bloody 
scars"  and  its  "vaunting  hymn"  (the  Star  Spangled  Banner)  a  lie;  in 
the  Helper  Book;  in  the  John  Brown  raid;  in  the  daily  rabid  and  rev 
olutionary  utterances  of  orators  and  newspapers — all  this  made  the  im 
pression  on  that  generation  of  young  Kentuckians  that  the  professed 


36  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

love  for  the  Union  and  loyalty  to  the  Government  were  hypocritical  to 
the  last  degree,  and  that  the  war  was  rather  a  mad  crusade  to  destroy 
slavery  than  a  patriotic  effort  to  enforce  the  laws.  It  cannot  be  main 
tained,  however,  that  they  took  up  arms  in  defense  of  this  peculiar  in 
stitution,  though  they  did  feel  that  the  seizing  of  a  pretext  to  invade 
the  South  to  destroy  what  the  law  had  recognized  as  a  property  right 
was  outrageous ;  and,  of  course,  this  contributed  greatly  to  inflame  pas 
sion  . 

Referring  to  the  above  statement  as  to  action  based  upon  honest 
convictions,  we  have  seen  that  these  men  believed  secession  to  be 
a  fundamental  right.  The  teachings  of  a  number  of  their  own  most 
honored  jurists  and  statesmen  had  impressed  this;  and  it  was  so 
held  by  many  of  these  in  that  section  which  had  now  resorted  to  arms 
to  prevent  the  practical  exercise  of  such  right.  This  attempt,  then, 
could  be  viewed  no  otherwise  than  as  an  invasion  of  sovereign  States, 
without  warrant  of  law,  but  in  flagrant  violation  of  law,  and  for  the  de 
struction  of  a  property  right  which  represented  to  the  Southern  people 
not  less  than  a  thousand  millions  of  dollars. 

There  was  manifest  in  the  action  of  these  men  also  a  trait  which 
challenges  the  admiration  of  civilized  people  everywhere;  namely, 
that  chivalrous  spirit  which  espouses  the  cause  of  the  weak  against  the 
strong.  Any  species  of  outrage  or  oppression  had  the  effect  of  so 
rousing  their  wrath  as  to  make  them  lose  sight  of  their  own  interests 
and  take  upon  themselves  the  office  of  defenders  and  avengers.  To 
use  a  homely  phrase,  it  is  peculiarly  characteristic  of  Kentuckians  to 
take  the  part  of  "the  bottom  dog  in  the  fight,"  without  stopping  to  in 
quire  into  the  merits  of  the  case.  Having  then  a  basis  of  honest  con 
victions  as  to  the  right  of  the  Southern  Confederacy  to  exist;  being 
thoroughly  persuaded  that  no  written  or  implied  warrant  justified  the 
action  of  the  Washington  government;  and  fired  by  the  spectacle  of 
mighty  armies,  levied  and  sustained  by  a  power  whose  resources  of 
men  and  money  were  inexhaustible,  swarming  across  the  border  to 
compel  a  comparatively  weak  people  to  abide  by  their  views  of  the 
Constitutional  compact  entered  into  by  the  fathers  of  the  Republic — the 
five  to  seven  thousand  young  Kentuckians  of  whom  this  work  treats 
enrolled  themselves  under  the  tri-colored  flag  and  took  step  to  the  music 
of  Dixie.  How  they  fought  and  suffered  and  to  the  very  last  stood 
fast  by  the  banner  that  represented  to  them  the  principle  that  "  all  just 
government  is  derived  from  the  consent  of  the  governed" — all  the 
world  knows.  How  they  loved  their  own  State,  though  for  the  time 
expatriated  and  contemned  by  the  powers  into  whose  hands  she  had 
fallen,  is  attested  by  the  fact  that  though  their  blood  reddened  the 
many  battlefields  of  seven  States,  they  were  mindful  of  what  was  due 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  37 

to  her  and  never  fled  ignominiously  before  their  enemies;  and  though 
their  privations  were  long  and  trying  and  their  disappointments  many, 
they  never  lost  heart  nor  hesitated  to  answer  to  the  call  of  duty. 

In  recording  the  deeds  of  these  men  it  seems  to  the  writer  to  be  due 
to  the  truth  of  history  that  he  enter,  for  them  and  their  posterity,  a 
protest  against  the  use  of  certain  epithets  and  assumptions  that  may 
have  the  effect  of  placing  them  in  a  false  light  hereafter.  In  contro 
versy,  a  false  assumption  or  a  careless  statement,  if  allowed  to  go  un 
challenged,  may  take  the  force  of  a  true  premise  and  establish  an 
argument;  and  an  epithet  or  term  that  passes  into  general  use  without 
question  as  to  the  correctness  of  its  application  may  give  currency  to 
error  and  insure  its  perpetuation.  Perhaps  no  conflict  between  the  civ 
ilized  nations  of  the  earth  has  been  of  such  magnitude  as  was  that  of 
the  war  between  the  States.  Certainly  no  other  was  so  remarkable  in 
respect  to  the  question  involved  and  to  the  result  upon  the  destinies  of 
a  vast  continent.  And  notwithstanding  the  ravings  of  fanatics  that  did 
so  much  to  precipitate  it,  no  other  two  mighty  antagonists  were  ever 
so  sincerely  honest  and  unanimous  in  their  respective  views  of  the 
matter  in  issue  as  were  the  people  of  the  North  and  the  South. 

Having  fought  each  other  long  and  heroically  on  what  may  be  styled 
a  mere  open  clause  in  the  Constitution,  and  disposed  of  the  matter  for 
all  time,  it  is  not  to  the  interest  or  the  glory  of  either  to  try  to  forestall 
the,  verdict  of  the  future  upon  the  motives  or  the  conduct  of  the  other. 
The  term  "rebel,"  as  applied  to  Southern  men,  and  used  in  current 
speech,  is  not  offensive;  because  they  have  accepted  it,  applied  it  to 
themselves,  and,  though  conscious  of  its  falsity,  they  regard  it  rather 
as  the  title  of  distinction  which  connects  them  with  that  stupendous 
struggle  during  which  "all  the  world  wondered"  at  their  valor,  their 
endurance,  and  their  fealty;  but  it  bespeaks  either  the  uncandid  and 
time-serving  or  careless  mind  when  one  who  essays  to  chronicle  the 
events  of  those  times  sets  down  for  the  eyes  of  the  dispassionate  reader 
of  the  future  the  terms  "rebel"  and  "rebellion."  The  movement  of 
the  Southern  States  was  in  no  sense  a  rebellion,  unless,  indeed,  we 
may  speak  of  it  as  a  rebellion  against  the  assumption  of  the  North  that 
every  State  surrendered  its  sovereignty  when  it  ratified  the  Constitu 
tion  of  1787.  With  just  as  much  propriety,  in  view  of  the  real  prin 
ciple  upon  which  the  war  was  waged,  might  Southern  writers  speak  of 
the  Federal  soldiers  as  the  wanton  invaders  and  despoilers  of  a  kindred 
people. 

Again  we  have  the  confident  statement  that  the  Southern  States  sub 
mitted  the  question  of  secession  to  the  arbitrament  of  arms,  and  lost; 
or,  that  they  threw  down  the  gage  of  battle ;  or,  that  they  appealed  to 
the  sword  and  the  decision  was  against  them,  etc.,  etc.  Not  only  have 


38  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

such  expressions  passed  unchallenged,  but  they  are  not  infrequently 
used  by  Southern  men  themselves. 

A  more  glaring  untruth  as  to  the  respective  attitudes  of  the  com 
batants  was  never  allowed  to  gain  currency.  The  South  never  pro 
posed  to  submit  the  question  to  the  arbitrament  of  arms;  she  never 
either  literally  or  figuratively  threw  down  the  gage  of  battle;  she 
never  appealed  to  the  sword  to  obtain  her  rights.  She  took  a  step 
which  she  believed  the  Constitution  guaranteed  to  her,  without  any  in 
timation  that  she  regarded  it  as  revolutionary,  and  to  be  made  good  by 
battle,  and  simply  asked  to  be  let  alone.  Those  who  keep  in  mind 
the  occurrences  of  those  times  know  with  what  pertinacity  Mr.  Davis 
clung  to  that  terse  expression  of  the  wishes  of  his  people:  "  Let  us 
alone."  Those  who  do  not  can  find  it  in  his  State  papers,  iterated  in 
the  first  days  of  the  Confederacy,  and  again  and  again  reiterated  sub 
sequently —  "Let  us  alone."  Peaceable  secession — that  was  their 
right,  they  said.  It  was  no  new  doctrine,  but  had  been  maintained  by 
the  ablest  American  jurists,  North  as  well  as  South.  No  such  right 
exists,  said  the  then  dominant  party  in  the  North ;  secession  is  rebel 
lion.  That  was  the  issue;  and  the  Federal  power  was  invoked  to 
compel  the  Southern  States  to  abandon  their  position.  The  war  was 
forced  upon  them.  They  fought,  but  not  of  choice.  They  had  the 
alternative  of  fighting  or  of  cravenly  rescinding  their  action  and  yield 
ing  a  right  which  was  as  clearly  and  positively  guaranteed  to  them  by 
the  organic  law  as  was  the  right  to  hold  property.  The  question  was 
settled  by  arms ;  but  to  say  that  it  was  submitted  to  the  arbitrament  of 
arms  is  grossly  to  misrepresent  the  plans,  purposes,  and  actions  of  the 
seceded  States. 

We  hear  also  much  about  the  defenders  of  the  Union,  the  preserv 
ers  of  the  Union,  etc.  The  use  of  these  terms  is  utterly  fallacious  and 
misleading,  unless  we  are  ready  to  eliminate  from  the  case  the  South 
ern  view,  and  accept  a  half  truth  as  good  and  sufficient.  They 
defended  the  creation  of  their  own  minds  ;  they  preserved  a  Union 
which  existed  under  the  Constitution  only  as  they  construed  it — a 
forced  construction  which  violated  the  rules  laid  down  for  determining 
the  meaning  of  laws,  organic  or  statute.  In  the  Southern  mind,  there 
was  no  unconditional  Union,  as  we  have  heretofore  indicated;  and  to 
talk  of  a  union  preserved  is  to  ignore  one  of  the  belligerents.  The 
truth  is  that  Northern  arms  destroyed  the  principle  upon  which  the 
original  confederation  of  States  was  based  and  established  an  indivisi 
ble  and  permanent  one,  so  that  accuracy  of  statement  requires  that  the 
so-called  preservers  of  the  Union  be  known  as  the  founders,  the 
fathers  of  the  LTnion  as  it  now  exists;  but  with  this  superlative  title 
and  this  apparently  greater  honor,  they  must  take  the  responsibility  of 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  39 

the  much-modifying  fact  that  they  invaded  and  overpowered  a  free  and 
of  right  independent  people. 

No  really  sane  and  thoughtful  man  desires  to  renew  or  to  perpetuate 
any  of  the  animosities  engendered  by  the  war.  On  the  contrary,  he 
rejoices  at  every  indication  of  the  growth  of  fraternal  feeling  between 
the  sections  and  among  the  individuals  who  in  1861  arrayed  them 
selves  on  opposite  sides  in  a  mighty  struggle.  But  the  history  of  that 
struggle  is  yet  to  be  written;  and  the  philosophic  historian  will  need 
to  draw  his  materials  and  his  conclusions  not  alone  from  the  archives 
of  State,  but  from  the  records  left  by  those  whose  lives  were  contem 
poraneous  with  the  events  of  1861-65  and  those  of  the  few  decades  im 
mediately  succeeding.  It  is  important,  therefore,  that  every  one  of  them 
who  takes  upon  himself  the  task  of  a  chronicler  shall  speak  his  honest 
thought — accepting  nothing  as  true  merely  because  it  is  current  and 
ostensibly  admitted;  and  rejecting  nothing  as  false  simply  because  it  is 
unpopular  with  this  or  the  other  section.  The  man  who  seeks  to  con 
ciliate  his  enemy  by  admissions,  explanations  or  apologies  that  the 
enemy  knows  or  feels  to  be  insincere  incurs  contempt.  A  chivalric 
foeman  honors  and  trusts  the  man  who  fights  him  bravely  and  fairly, 
and  as  bravely  but  without  foolish  bluster  maintains  his  conviction 
that  the  grounds  on  which  he  made  battle  were  true  and  good,  no  mat- 
ter^what  the  issue  of  the  conflict.  Witness  the  soldiers  of  the  respec 
tive  armies.  There  was  a  degree  of  fraternization  among  them  even 
during  those  bitter  years;  and  since  then  they  have  been  friends. 
They  are  not  disposed  to  quarrel  over  a  dead  issue,  and  they  do  not 
call  in  question  the  patriotic  motives  that  impelled  each  to  wage 
against  the  other  a  long  and  destructive  war.  No  more  should  they 
hesitate,  when  occasion  demands,  to  put  on  record,  in  respectful  but 
unequivocal  terms,  "the  reason  for  the  faith  that  was  in  them." 

We  make  no  complaint  as  to  the  result.  To  the  power  that  "rode 
upon  the  swift  cloud,"  and  controlled  the  storm  all  must  bow;  but  it 
is  important  to  us,  to  our  children  and  our  children's  children,  that  we 
maintain,  and  that  the  world  come  to  recognize,  that  the  Southern 
States  exercised  a  clear  constitutional  right  when  they  withdrew,  and 
that  Southern  soldiers  fought  for  the  essential  principle  of  human 
liberty — the  right  of  self-goverment. 

The  State  Rights  party  met,  by  delegates,  at  Russellville,  on  the 
i8th  of  November,  and  organized  a  provisional  government  for  Ken 
tucky,  under  which  the  State  was  admitted  into  the  Confederacy,  in 
December,  and  accorded  equal  privileges  of  representation  with  the 
others.  The  Governor  and  a  council  of  ten,  representing  the  ten  Con 
gressional  districts  into  which  the  State  was  then  divided,  were  invested 
with  the  power  accorded  in  the  State  Government  to  the  Executive 


40  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

and  the  Legislature,  and  the  following  officers  were  chosen :  For 
Governor,  George  W.  Johnson,  of  Scott  county ;  for  members  of  Coun 
cil,  Willis  B.  Machen,  of  Lyon  county,  President  of  Council;  John 
W.  Crockett,  of  Henderson;  James  P.  Bates,  of  Barren;  James  S. 
Chrisman,  of  Wayne;  Philip  B.  Thompson,  of  Mercer;  J.  P.  Burn- 
side,  of  Garrard;  H.  W.  Bruce,  of  Jefferson;  E.  M.  Bruce,  of  Nich 
olas;  J.  W.  Moore,  of  Montgomery;  and  S.  S.  Scott,  of  Boone. 
For  Secretary  of  State,  Robert  McKee,  of  Louisville;  Assistant 
Secretary  of  State,  O.  F.  Payne,  of  Fayette.  Treasurer,  John 
Burnam,  of  Warren;  Auditor,  J.  Pillsbury,  of  Warren;  Clerk, 
A.  Frank  Brown,  of  Bourbon;  Sergeant-at-Arms,  John  B.  Thomp 
son,  Jr.,  of  Mercer.  The  following  were  sent  as  delegates  to  the  Pro 
visional  Congress,  rather  as  delegates  at  large :  John  Thomas,  of 
Christian ;  Henry  E.  Reed,  of  Hardin  ;  George  W.  Ewing,  of  Logan  ; 
Dr.  Daniel  P.  White,  of  Greene;  T.  L.  Burnett,  of  Spencer;  S.  H. 
Ford,  of  Louisville;  Judge  Monroe,  of  Frankfort ;  Colonel  Tom  John 
son,  of  Montgomery;  and  John  M.  Elliott,  of  Floyd.  An  election 
was  ordered  and  held  on  the  22d  day  of  January,  1862,  for  members 
of  Congress  of  the  permanent  government,  for  the  two  years  next  en 
suing,  and  the  following  gentlemen  were  chosen  for  the  respective  dis 
tricts,  in  the  order  in  which  the  names  occur  :  W.  B.  Machen,  of 
Lyon ;  J.  W.  Crockett,  of  Henderson  ;  H.  E.  Reed,  of  Hardin  ;  George 
W.  Ewing,  of  Logan;  James  S.  Chrisman,  of  Wayne;  T.  L.  Burnett, 
of  Spencer;  H.  W.  Bruce,  of  Jefferson;  George  B.  Hodge,  of  Camp 
bell;  E.  M.  Bruce,  of  Nicholas;  James  W.  Moore,  of  Montgomery; 
Robert  J.  Breckinridge,  Jr.,  of  Fayette;  and  John  M.  Elliott,  of 
Floyd.  Another  election  was  held  on  the  loth  of  February,  1864, 
by  Kentuckians  in  the  South,  and  the  same  delegation  returned,  with 
the  exception  that  George  W.  Triplett,  of  Daviess;  Humphrey  Mar 
shall,  of  Henry;  and  Benjamin  F.  Bradley,  of  Scott,  were  chosen  for 
the  districts  to  which  they  severally  belonged.  Henry  C.  Burnett,  of 
Trigg,  and  William  E.  Simms,  of  Bourbon,  were  elected  Senators, 
and  served  as  such  during  the  war. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  41 


CHAPTER  III. 

ORGANIZATION    OF    THE    REGIMENTS     AND    ARTILLERY    COMPOSING    THE 

FIRST     KENTUCKY     BRIGADE. THE     FIGHT     AT    HUTCHERSON'S. — 

TROOPS     UNDER    BUCKNER     CONCENTRATE  AT  BOWLING    GREEN. — 

BRECKINRIDGE      ASSUMES    COMMAND. FIGHT    AT     WHIPPOORWILL 

BRIDGE. — EXPEDITIONS    TO    ROCHESTER     AND    ELSEWHERE. — INCI 
DENTS  AND  ANECDOTES. 

The  eagerness  with  which  the  people  of  Kentucky,  in  common  with 
other  slave  States,  looked  forward  to  the  inauguration  of  Mr.  Lincoln, 
and  a  consequent  authoritative  declaration  of  his  policy,  was  propor 
tioned  to  the  momentous  character  of  the  crisis.  As  events  of  a 
startling  nature  crowded  upon  each  other,  and  a  thousand  rumors  were 
borne  to  the  public  ear  respecting  the  evident  designs  of  the  President 
elect,  and  the  ill-concealed  disposition  on  the  part  of  the  Republicans 
to  resort  to  force,  and  compel  the  seceded  States  into  submission  to 
whatever  course  the  Government  should  choose  to  pursue,  the  interest 
deepened  into  anxiety,  at  last  into  a  feverish,  painful  suspense,  which, 
contrary  to  hopes  which  had  been  entertained,  was  in  nowise  relieved, 
but  rather  intensified  by  the  circumstances  immediately  connected 
with  the  journey  of  Mr.  Lincoln  to  Washington,  and  the  unusual  char 
acter  of  the  proceedings  on  the  day  of  his  induction  into  office.  The 
Inaugural  Address  itself,  so  far  from  removing  the  suspense,  proved 
rather  a  means  to  increase  the  doubt  and  bewilderment  of  the  people, 
insomuch  as  it  was  like  the  famous  shield  which  drew  the  contending 
knights  to  battle — each  party  interpreted  it  from  his  own  point  of 
view,  and  contention  waxed  hot,  and  uncertainty  grew  almost  to  mad 
ness  before  the  guns  of  Charleston  harbor  dispelled  the  mental  haze, 
and  effectually  opened  the  eyes  of  men  to  the  astounding  fact  that 
one  of  the  mighty  scourges  of  heaven  had  fallen  upon  the  American 
people — that  war,  gigantic,  unrelenting,  had  displayed  his  "wrinkled 
front "  once  more  upon  the  hitherto  happy  continent. 

"  The  mutual  animosity  of  separate  countries  at  war  with  each 
other,"  says  the  most  pleasing  of  modern  historians,  "  is  languid  when 
compared  with  the  animosity  of  nations  which,  morally  separated,  are 
yet  locally  intermingled."  Though  the  people  of  the  United  States 
were  regarded  as  one  people,  they  were  divided  among  themselves — 
they  differed  in  local  institutions  and  prejudices — were  "morally  sepa- 


44  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

Hewitt  determined  to  recruit  a  regiment  for  the  Southern  army,  and 
they  set  about  the  necessary  arrangements  to  carry  this  into  effect. 
They  were  aided  in  the  enterprise  by  some  of  the  most  wealthy  and  in 
fluential  citizens  of  Louisville,  who  spent  freely  for  transportation  and 
supplies,  and  labored  in  every  laudable  way  for  the  promotion  of  the 
scheme.  Authority  was  obtained  to  establish  a  recruiting  station  at 
some  point  contiguous  to  Kentucky,  and  of  easy  access,  and  to  organ 
ize  bodies  of  troops  for  the  Confederate  service.  Accordingly,  a  spot 
was  chosen  in  Montgomery  county,  Tennessee,  two  miles  to  the  right 
of  the  Louisville  and  Memphis  railroad,  and  seven  miles  from  Clarks- 
ville,  in  a  heavily-timbered  forest,  well  supplied  with  water,  while  fields 
furnishing  sufficient  open  space  for  drilling  large  commands  were  con 
venient;  and  here,  in  July,  1861,  Camp  Boone  was  laid  out,  and  cleared 
of  undergrowth,  and  the  nucleus  of  the  Second  Regiment  Kentucky 
Volunteer  Infantry  pitched  their  tents,  and  entered  upon  the  duties 
peculiar  to  the  recruit  in  the  earlier  stages  of  his  discipline.  Colonels 
Lloyd  Tilghman  and  R.  P.  Trabue  also  obtained  authority  to  raise, 
each,  a  regiment,  and  the  first  men  who  enlisted  under  Colonel  Tilgh 
man  came  out  shortly  after  those  under  Withers.  The  Second  Regi 
ment  was  organized  on  the  iyth  of  July.  (A  list  of  Field  and  Staff 
officers  will  be  found  in  that  part  of  this  work  which  treats  of  the  His 
tory  of  Individuals).  The  Third  Regiment  was  organized  a  few  days 
afterward,  with  the  following  officers  composing  field  and  staff:  Lloyd 
Tilghman,  Colonel;  Albert  P.  Thompson,  Lieutenant  Colonel;  Ben  An 
derson,  Major;  Captain  Alfred  Boyd,  A.  Q.  M. ;  Captain  J.  S.  Byers, 
A.  C.  S. ;  Dr.  J.  W.  Thompson,  Surgeon,  and  Dr.  J.  B.  Sanders,  As 
sistant  Surgeon.  We  have  not  been  able  to  learn  who  the  original  Ad 
jutant  was.  Colonel  Tilghman  was  promoted  to  Brigadier  General  in 
the  autumn,  and,  upon  the  promotion  of  Thompson  and  Anderson  to 
the  positions  of  Colonel  and  Lieutenant  Colonel,  Captain  A.  Johnson 
became  Major.  The  Third  Regiment,  however,  did  not  constitute  a 
part  of  the  command  afterward  known  as  the  First  Kentucky  Brigade, 
though  it  was  connected  with  it  as  part  of  Breckinridge's  Division  till 
September,  1862,  and  fought  with  the  Fourth,  Sixth,  and  Ninth  Regi 
ments  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and  Baton  Rouge,  as  did  also  the  Seventh 
Regiment,  recruited  about  the  same  time  in  Western  Kentucky. 

Early  in  August  a  battery  of  light  artillery  was  added  to  the  new 
force.  (See  "Byrne's  Battery,"  in  another  part  of  this  book). 

About  the  same  time,  the  first  companies,  or  parts  of  companies,  de 
signed  for  Colonel  Trabue's  regiment,  came  out  and  prepared  Camp 
Burnett,  three  miles  south  of  Boone.  The  companies  were  rapidly 
filled  up,  and  the  Fourth  Regiment  was  organized  in  September.  (For 
a  list  of  the  field,  staff  and  line  officers,  see  another  part  of  this  work.) 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  45 

On  the  2oth  of  September,  Colonel  Joseph  H.  Lewis  established  a 
camp  at  Cave  City,  and  about  the  same  time,  Colonel  Thomas  H.  Hunt 
began  to  collect  recruits  at  Green  River.  Colonel  Cofer  also  had  au 
thority  to  raise  a  battalion  in  connection  with  Major  Thomas  H.  Hays 
(then  Captain  of  a  company  of  the  State  Guard). 

When  Colonel  Hanson  fell  back  from  Munfordsville  (as  hereafter 
noticed)  these  recruits  established  their  camps  also  at  Bowling  Green, 
and  Colonel  Hunt  effected  temporary  organization  of  his  regiment  in 
October.  His  own  commission  bore  date  of  October  3,  1861,  but  no 
other  field  officers  were  appointed  until  after  the  battle  of  Shiloh.  (See 
another  part  of  this  book  for  field  and  staff.) 

In  order  to  avoid  confusion  and  repeated  reference  to  the  fact  here 
after,  it  is  necessary  to  anticipate,  in  some  degree,  the  history  of  Colonel 
Hunt's  regiment.  The  temporary  organization  having  been  effected 
before  that  of  any  other  one  subsequently  to  the  Fourth,  it  was  num 
bered  by  the  War  Department  as  the  Fifth,  and  bore  that  designation 
until  October,  1862.  As  the  "  Fifth  Kentucky"  it  passed  through  the 
engagements  of  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and  Baton  Rouge,  and  in  all  offi 
cial  orders  and  reports  it  is  so  mentioned.  But  the  regiment  of  Colonel 
John  S.  Williams  perfected  its  organization  on  the  i4th  of  November, 
having  full  complement  not  only  of  men,  but  of  field  and  staff  officers, 
duly  commissioned;  and  the  War  Department,  in  consideration  of  this 
fact,  and  perhaps  also  the  commission  of  Colonel  Williams  was  of  some 
days'  earlier  date  than  that  of  Colonel  Hunt,  decided  that  it  should  be 
known  as  the  Fifth  Kentucky,  and  an  order  was  issued  naming  Colonel 
Hunt's  as  the  Ninth,  but  which  was  not  received,  as  before  stated,  till 
the  Brigade  reached  Knoxville,  October,  1862.  In  the  reports  of  bat 
tles  herein  published  we  have  substituted  Ninth  Kentucky  for  Fifth 
Kentucky  throughout;  but  in  reading  other  accounts  of  the  battles  re 
ferred  to,  and  the  various  allusions  to  them  by  other  writers,  it  should 
be  borne  in  mind  that  there  were  at  that  time  two  Fifth  Kentucky  regi 
ments  of  infantry,  one  with  General  Breckinridge,  the  other  with  Gen 
eral  Marshall. 

Colonel  Lewis  and  Colonel  Cofer,  finding  that  they  could  not  suc 
ceed  in  recruiting  either  two  full  regiments  or  battalions  in  time  for  the 
active  operations  which  were  now  being  inaugurated,  agreed,  after 
consultation  with  the  officers,  and  through  them  with  the  men  of  the 
several  companies,  to  unite  the  two  battalions  in  process  of  formation, 
and  organize  a  single  regiment.  Early  in  November,  then,  the  tents 
were  pitched  together,  and  on  the  ipth  of  that  month  the  organization 
of  the  Sixth  Regiment  took  place.  (See  pages  elsewhere  for  a  list  of 
the  field,  staff,  and  line  officers.)  In  addition  to  the  ten  companies  of 
which  the  regiment  was  thus  formed,  and  which  are  accounted  for  in 


46  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

the  latter  part  of  this  work,  Captain  McKinney,  of  Logan  County, 
had  a  company,  then  on  duty  at  Hopkinsville,  and  on  the  25th  of 
November,  this  was  ordered,  by  General  Albert  Sidney  Johnston,  to 
report  to  Colonel  Lewis,  as  on  detached  service,  but  to  be  incorporated 
with  the  Sixth  Regiment.  It  was  accordingly  entered  upon  the  rec 
ords  as  Company  L.  When  reinforcements  were  sent  to  Donelson, 
this  company  was  sent  forward  to  report  at  that  point,  and  fought 
there  with  the  Eighth  Kentucky  Infantry.  It  was  surrendered  with 
the  other  companies  of  that  command;  and  though  Colonel  Lewis 
made  an  effort,  after  it  was  exchanged,  to  have  it  report  to  him,  it  was 
never  with  the  Sixth  Regiment,  and  soon  ceased  to  be  considered  a 
part  of  it. 

On  the  yth  of  November,  Colonel  Hanson  addressed  a  note  to 
General  Buckner,  then  commanding  Second  Division  of  the  Cen 
tral  Army  of  Kentucky,  saying  that  "  the  artillery  known  as  Spencer's 
Battery  could  probably  be  attached  to  this  brigade,  provided  we  fur 
nish  enough  men  to  fill  up  the  company — not  exceeding  fifteen  men 
from  each  regiment — the  battery  to-be  then  under  command  of  Adju 
tant  Rice  E.  Graves.  Such  an  arrangement  would  be  most  acceptable  to 
me,  should  it  meet  with  your  approval.  I  write  this  to  signify  our 
desire  to  have  another  battery,  and  our  willingness  to  furnish  the  men." 
Arrangements  were  accordingly  set  on  foot,  looking  to  this  end;  the 
guns  were  procured,  and  on  the  i6th  of  November  a  call  was  made 
for  sixty  men  to  man  them,  apportioned  among  the  five  Kentucky 
regiments.  The  number  specified  volunteered  for  that  service 
promptly,  as  they  were  called  upon  in  that  manner,  instead  of  by 
detail,  and  on  the  3d  of  December,  Company  B,  of  the  Fourth  Regi 
ment,  was  temporarily  detached  for  the  same  duty,  with  a  few  addi 
tional  men  from  the  Second  Regiment,  and  the  whole  was  placed 
under  command  of  Graves,  who  was  at  once  recommended  for  pro 
motion  to  the  rank  of  captain  of  artillery. 

Lyon's  Battery  (subsequently  Cobb's)  had  been  previously  con 
nected  with  the  brigade,  the  guns  being  manned  partly  by  men  enlisted 
for  that  purpose,  and  partly  by  the  company  of  Captain  Somes,  of  the 
Third  Regiment.  (See  elsewhere  a  more  extended  notice  of  this 
battery.) 

The  foregoing  constituted  the  Kentucky  infantry  and  artillery  or 
ganized  on  the  Tennessee  border  and  at  Bowling  Green.  The  First 
Kentucky  Cavalry,  under  Colonel  (afterward  General)  Ben  Hardin 
Helm,  was  in  the  field,  and  at  Murfreesboro',  some  months  subse 
quently,  it  was  temporarily  brigaded  with  the  infantry  regiments 
named,  but  was  not  subject  to  the  orders  of  the  same  general  officer 
.after  having  reached  Burnsville.  The  squadron  of  Captain  John  H. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  47 

Morgan  was  mustered  into  the  service  by  Lieutenant  Frank  Tryon,  of 
the  Second  Infantry,  on  the  5th  of  November,  and  was  nominally  a 
part  of  the  brigade  until  the  spring  of  1862. 

Though  these  commands  were  some  of  them  yet  in  process  of 
formation,  as  the  reader  will  observe,  they  were  regularly  brigaded  on 
the  28th  of  October,  the  day  on  which  General  Johnston  assumed 
immediate  command  of  the  Army  Corps  of  Central  Kentucky,  and, 
General  Breckinridge  not  having  arrived,  they  were  placed  under 
command  of  the  senior  colonel,  Roger  W.  Hanson.  On  the  5th  of 
November,  Colonel  Thomas  H.  Hunt  was  given  command  of  all  the 
unorganized  regiments  and  companies,  subordinate  to  the  brigade 
commander,  and  reporting  to  division  headquarters  through  him  ;  and 
Captain  John  McGill  and  a  Lieutenant  Dudley  were  assigned  to  the 
duty  of  drill-masters  to  the  new  recruits. 

Major  Alexander  Cassidy,  who  had  been  serving  on  the  staff  of 
General  Buckner  as  A.  A.  G. ,  was  appointed  superintendent  of  the 
recruiting  of  volunteers  in  Kentucky, *  and  Lieutenant  Frank  Tryon 
mustering  officer,  with  a  view  to  active  and  efficient  work  in  augment 
ing  the1  forces.  The  organizations  already  adverted  to  were  filled  up, 
and  by  the  ist  of  December  regular  military  routine  was  established. 
Even  the  recently-formed  regiments  began  to  acquire  rapidly  that  pro 
ficiency  in  the  drill  and  manual  for  which  they  were  afterward  distin 
guished.  But  after  that  period  the  work  of  recruiting  went  on  slowly. 
The  provisional  governor  (Johnson)  issued,  on  the  yth  of  December, 
a  stirring  proclamation,  in  hopes  to  raise  two  additional  regiments,  in 
fantry  and  cavalry,  but  the  golden  opportunity  had  passed.  Two 
classes  of  men  had,  during  the  past  six  months,  connected  themselves 
with  the  army ;  the  more  impulsive  and  ambitious,  who  naturally  seize 
upon  an  occasion  of  the  kind  to  "seek  the  bubble  reputation,  even  at 
the  cannon's  mouth,"  and  those  more  deeply  and  earnestly  enthusiastic 
characters,  who  are  actuated  by  a  stern  sense  of  duty,  that  forbids 
them  to  maintain  any  doubtful  middle  ground.  Of  those  who  enter 
tained  Southern  feelings  there  were  yet  at  home  two  distinct  classes — 
one  consisted  of  politic,  cautious  characters,  having  a  somewhat 
overweening  regard  for  personal  advantage ;  the  other,  of  those  who 
are  naturally  conservative,  and  who,  not  from  any  base  motives  of 
fear  or  love  of  ease,  are  yet  hardly  to  be  persuaded  to  see  a  military 
enterprise  in  any  other  light  than  as  a  struggle  for  mere  mastery  on  the 
part  of  governments,  and  of  renown  to  the  individual  who  engages  in 
it.  The  influences  at  work  at  and  previous  to  the  time  to  which  we 
have  referred,  were  wholly  adverse  to  the  success  of  the  Confederates 


He  was  succeeded  on  the  staff  of  General  Buckner  by  Major  G.  B.  Cosby. 


46  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

the  latter  part  of  this  work,  Captain  McKinney,  of  Logan  County, 
had  a  company,  then  on  duty  at  Hopkinsville,  and  on  the  2$th  of 
November,  this  was  ordered,  by  General  Albert  Sidney  Johnston,  to 
report  to  Colonel  Lewis,  as  on  detached  service,  but  to  be  incorporated 
with  the  Sixth  Regiment.  It  was  accordingly  entered  upon  the  rec 
ords  as  Company  L.  When  reinforcements  were  sent  to  Donelson, 
this  company  was  sent  forward  to  report  at  that  point,  and  fought 
there  with  the  Eighth  Kentucky  Infantry.  It  was  surrendered  with 
the  other  companies  of  that  command;  and  though  Colonel  Lewis 
made  an  effort,  after  it  was  exchanged,  to  have  it  report  to  him,  it  was 
never  with  the  Sixth  Regiment,  and  soon  ceased  to  be  considered  a 
part  of  it. 

On  the  yth  of  November,  Colonel  Hanson  addressed  a  note  to 
General  Buckner,  then  commanding  Second  Division  of  the  Cen 
tral  Army  of  Kentucky,  saying  that  "  the  artillery  known  as  Spencer's 
Battery  could  probably  be  attached  to  this  brigade,  provided  we  fur 
nish  enough  men  to  fill  up  the  company — not  exceeding  fifteen  men 
from  each  regiment- — the  battery  to-be  then  under  command  of  Adju 
tant  Rice  E.  Graves.  Such  an  arrangement  would  be  most  acceptable  to 
me,  should  it  meet  with  your  approval.  I  write  this  to  signify  our 
desire  to  have  another  battery,  and  our  willingness  to  furnish  the  men." 
Arrangements  were  accordingly  set  on  foot,  looking  to  this  end;  the 
guns  were  procured,  and  on  the  i6th  of  November  a  call  was  made 
for  sixty  men  to  man  them,  apportioned  among  the  five  Kentucky 
regiments.  The  number  specified  volunteered  for  that  service 
promptly,  as  they  were  called  upon  in  that  manner,  instead  of  by 
detail,  and  on  the  3d  of  December,  Company  B,  of  the  Fourth  Regi 
ment,  was  temporarily  detached  for  the  same  duty,  with  a  few  addi 
tional  men  from  the  Second  Regiment,  and  the  whole  was  placed 
under  command  of  Graves,  who  was  at  once  recommended  for  pro 
motion  to  the  rank  of  captain  of  artillery. 

Lyon's  Battery  (subsequently  Cobb's)  had  been  previously  con 
nected  with  the  brigade,  the  guns  being  manned  partly  by  men  enlisted 
for  that  purpose,  and  partly  by  the  company  of  Captain  Somes,  of  the 
Third  Regiment.  (See  elsewhere  a  more  extended  notice  of  this 
battery.) 

The  foregoing  constituted  the  Kentucky  infantry  and  artillery  or 
ganized  on  the  Tennessee  border  and  at  Bowling  Green.  The  First 
Kentucky  Cavalry,  under  Colonel  (afterward  General)  Ben  Hardin 
Helm,  was  in  the  field,  and  at  Murfreesboro',  some  months  subse 
quently,  it  was  temporarily  brigaded  with  the  infantry  regiments 
named,  but  was  not  subject  to  the  orders  of  the  same  general  officer 
.after  having  reached  Burnsville.  The  squadron  of  Captain  John  H. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  47 

Morgan  was  mustered  into  the  service  by  Lieutenant  Frank  Tryon,  of 
the  Second  Infantry,  on  the  5th  of  November,  and  was  nominally  a 
part  of  the  brigade  until  the  spring  of  1862. 

Though  these  commands  were  some  of  them  yet  in  process  of 
formation,  as  the  reader  will  observe,  they  were  regularly  brigaded  on 
the  28th  of  October,  the  day  on  which  General  Johnston  assumed 
immediate  command  of  the  Army  Corps  of  Central  Kentucky,  and, 
General  Breckinridge  not  having  arrived,  they  were  placed  under 
command  of  the  senior  colonel,  Roger  \V.  Hanson.  On  the  5th  of 
November,  Colonel  Thomas  H.  Hunt  was  given  command  of  all  the 
unorganized  regiments  and  companies,  subordinate  to  the  brigade 
commander,  and  reporting  to  division  headquarters  through  him  ;  and 
Captain  John  McGill  and  a  Lieutenant  Dudley  were  assigned  to  the 
duty  of  drill-masters  to  the  new  recruits. 

Major  Alexander  Cassidy,  who  had  been  serving  on  the  staff  of 
General  Buckner  as  A.  A.  G. ,  was  appointed  superintendent  of  the 
recruiting  of  volunteers  in  Kentucky, *  and  Lieutenant  Frank  Tryon 
mustering  officer,  with  a  view  to  active  and  efficient  work  in  augment 
ing  the  forces.  The  organizations  already  adverted  to  were  filled  up, 
and  by  the  ist  of  December  regular  military  routine  was  established. 
Even  the  recently-formed  regiments  began  to  acquire  rapidly  that  pro 
ficiency  in  the  drill  and  manual  for  which  they  were  afterward  distin 
guished.  But  after  that  period  the  work  of  recruiting  went  on  slowly. 
The  provisional  governor  (Johnson)  issued,  on  the  yth  of  December, 
a  stirring  proclamation,  in  hopes  to  raise  two  additional  regiments,  in 
fantry  and  cavalry,  but  the  golden  opportunity  had  passed.  Two 
classes  of  men  had,  during  the  past  six  months,  connected  themselves 
with  the  army ;  the  more  impulsive  and  ambitious,  who  naturally  seize 
upon  an  occasion  of  the  kind  to  "  seek  the  bubble  reputation,  even  at 
the  cannon's  mouth,"  and  those  more  deeply  and  earnestly  enthusiastic 
characters,  who  are  actuated  by  a  stern  sense  of  duty,  that  forbids 
them  to  maintain  any  doubtful  middle  ground.  Of  those  who  enter 
tained  Southern  feelings  there  were  yet  at  home  two  distinct  classes — 
one  consisted  of  politic,  cautious  characters,  having  a  somewhat 
overweening  regard  for  personal  advantage ;  the  other,  of  those  who 
are  naturally  conservative,  and  who,  not  from  any  base  motives  of 
fear  or  love  of  ease,  are  yet  hardly  to  be  persuaded  to  see  a  military 
enterprise  in  any  other  light  than  as  a  struggle  for  mere  mastery  on  the 
part  of  governments,  and  of  renown  to  the  individual  who  engages  in 
it.  The  influences  at  work  at  and  previous  to  the  time  to  which  we 
have  referred,  were  wholly  adverse  to  the  success  of  the  Confederates 

*He  was  succeeded  on  the  staff  of  General  Buckner  by  Major  G.  B.  Cosby. 


48  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

in  swelling  their  ranks.  The  one  class  could  be  reached  only  by  an 
appeal  to  their  selfishness ;  while  the  other  could  scarcely  have  been 
convinced  that  their  country  really  needed  them  and  would  suffer 
without  their  help.  Though  they  gloried  in  Southern  valor,  they  were 
not  ambitious  of  that  distinction  for  themselves;  and  though  they 
would  have  resisted  unto  death  any  attempt  to  array  them  against  the 
Southern  cause,  they  deemed  themselves  perfectly  justifiable  in  stand 
ing  aloof  from  both,  and  the  conclusion  was  strengthened  by  a  rather 
unconservative  opinion  that  the  Confederacy  was  able  to  sustain  itself 
with  what  forces  it  had  already  in  the  field. 

On  the  i6th  of  November,  Brig. -Gen.  John  C.  Breckinridge  as 
sumed  command,  and  named  the  following  officers  as  composing  his 
staff:  Capt.  George  B.  Hodge,  A.  A.  G.  ;  Maj.  Alfred  Boyd,  A.  Q. 
M.;  Capt.  Clint.  McClarty,  A.  C.  S.  ;  Lieut.  John  C.  Beech,  Ord 
nance  Officer;*  and  Capt.  T.  T.  Hawkins,  aid-de-camp.  No  assistant- 
inspector  general  was  appointed,  that  duty  devolving,  for  the  time, 
upon  other  officers  of  the  staff.  On  the  2yth  of  December,  Hon. 
Jilson  P.  Johnson  was  announced  as  volunteer  aid-de-camp;  and  in 
March,  1862,  Capt.  William  L.  Brown  and  Capt.  Charles  J.  Mastin 
were  announced  as  additional  volunteer  aids. 

At  every  change  of  the  scope  of  General  Breckinridge's  command, 
and  every  change  of  troops,  corresponding  changes  and  modifications 
were  made  in  his  military  family,  but  no  effort  is  made  to  record  other 
than  those  who  were  appointed  to  these  places  while  he  was  brigadier. 

The  difficulty  of  arming  the  Kentucky  troops  was  one  which 
was  not  entirely  surmounted  until  after  the  battle  of  Shiloh.  At 
the  time  when  General  Breckinridge  assumed  command,  there 
was  not  a  sufficient  number  of  small  arms  to  supply  each  man  one 
of  any  description,  and  the  want  of  uniformity  was  a  serious 
drawback  upon  efficiency.  The  Second,  Third,  and  Fourth  Regi 
ments  had  been  partially  supplied  with  Belgian  rifles,  but  num 
bers,  even  in  those  regiments,  were  armed  with  rifled  muskets, 
and  some  of  them  of  the  old  flintlock  pattern.  And  among  the  new 
recruits,  the  display  of  small  arms  and  ammunition  would  have  moved 
the  mirth  of  any  but  a  Confederate  himself,  who  looked  upon  it  as  too 
serious  a  matter  to  be  treated  lightly.  There  were  rifled  and  smooth 
bore  muskets  which  had  been  brought  in  by  State-Guard  companies, 
that  would  have  been  excellent  weapons  if  there  had  been  uniformity, 
or  any  means  of  supplying  the  proper  style  of  cartridge  to  suit  each 
man's  case ;  but  these  made  up  the  lesser  portion  of  the  strange  col- 


*  Lieutenant  Beech   is    included,  in  regular   order,  in  the  above  list,  but  the 
appointment  was  not  made  until  February  22,  1862. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  49 

lection.  There  were  guns  of  almost  every  kind  known  to  the  troops 
of  the  United  States  since  Miles  Standish  "looked  his  last  upon  the 
sky."  Some  of  them  had  been  altered  from  the  flint  to  the  percussion 
lock,  but  the  most  of  them  were  flintlocks  still,  and  no  few  of  them  in 
a  condition  to  be  fired  only  by  a  match  or  a  firebrand.  There  were 
squirrel  rifles  of  every  age,  style,  and  bore;  shot-guns,  single-barreled, 
double-barreled,  old  and  new,  flintlock,  percussion,  or  no  lock  at  all; 
carbines  of  every  character,  pistols  of  every  patent,  and  huge  knives 
that  were  looked  upon  as  too  little  to  be  useful  if  they  weighed  less 
than  two  pounds  avoirdupois.  They  had,  too,  various  supplies  of  am 
munition,  and  various  means  of  supplying  more.  There  were  some 
few  cartridges,  mostly  for  the  smooth-bore  and  rifled  musket;  and 
these  were  the  most  destructive  species  of  missile  then  at  command. 
Troops  armed  wholly  with  these  muskets,  with  suitable  bayonet,  and 
supplied  with  the  "  buck-and-ball  "  cartridge — consisting  of  a  heavy 
round  bullet,  about  an  ounce  in  weight,  to  which  was  attached  on  its 
face  opposite  the  charge  of  powder,  three  buckshot — would  have 
every  advantage  of  those  bearing  Enfield  or  other  improved  rifles,  ex 
cept  in  the  matter  of  comparative  range.  At  the  distance  of  not  ex 
ceeding  three  hundred  yards,  the  former  would  be  prepared  to  do  an 
execution  more  terrible  than  any  that  the  Enfield  rifle  is  capable  of. 
There  were  various  molds  for  running  bullets  in  cases  of  emergency. 
There  were  hunters'  powder-horns  and  sportsmen's  flasks.  Some  few 
cartridge-boxes,  cap-boxes  and  belts;  and  a  limited  supply  of  bayonets, 
here  and  there,  had  found  their  way  to  the  new  camps.  Governor 
Letcher,  of  Viginia,  gave  General  Breckinridge  a  number  of  percus 
sion  muskets,  and  these  were  divided  proportionately  among  all  his 
regiments,  about  the  i2th  of  December,  and  every  effort  was  made 
to  secure  uniformity  throughout  companies,  if  not  regiments,  and  to 
procure  suitable  ammunition ;  but  even  so  late  as  the  2d  of  January, 
1862,  complaint  was  made  that  the  Ninth  Regiment  had  not  arms  of 
any  kind  for  half  its  men,  reports  showing  that  there  were  but  two  hun 
dred  and  forty-six  really  serviceable  guns,  besides  seventy  old  flint 
locks. 

Tents,  clothing,  and  commissary  stores,  however,  were  at  this  period 
abundant.  In  fact,  there  was  a  great  superfluity  of  the  former  two, 
since  tents  were  extravagantly  plentiful,  and  almost  every  man  went 
into  camp  with  a  supply  of  trunks,  valises,  wearing  apparel,  books  and 
other  adjuncts  of  traveling  gentlemen,  that  would  have  absorbed  all 
the  transportation  space  subsequently  allowed  to  a  company. 

In  the  latter  part  of  November,  when  affairs  had  begun  to  assume 
a  truly  military  shape,  and  it  was  hoped  that  the  Central  Army  of  Ken 
tucky  would  soon  be  brought  to  a  high  state  of  efficiency — when  the 

4 


50  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

discipline  of  regular  drill,  and  instruction  by  competent  officers,  was 
daily  going  on,  the  genius  of  the  great  Johnston  rapidly  bringing 
"  order  out  of  confusion,"  and  supplying  the  chief  wants  of  the  de 
partment — disease,  not  hitherto  prevailing  to  any  extraordinary  extent, 
began  to  make  alarming  inroads,  and  particularly  among  the  newly- 
enlisted  men,  though  no  single  organization  in  the  corps  was  exempt. 
It  was  induced,  not  so  much  by  a  necessary  change  in  the  habits  of 
life,  or  necessary  exposure  to  inclement  weather,  nor  yet  by  deficiency 
of  commissaries  and  clothing,  but  by  a  want  of  knowledge  and  skill  in 
the  preparation  of  their  diet.  It  was  observed  that  the  hardest  marches 
made  during  the  autumn,  even  in  the  most  inclement  weather,  were 
not  productive  of  what  might  reasonably  have  been  considered  a  cor 
responding  amount  of  sickness.  Nor  could  it  be  attributed  to  con 
finement  in  quarters  and  a  want  of  healthful  exercise,  since  the  neces 
sary  fatigue  duty  and  drill  compelled  an  amount  of  daily  activity  as 
well  calculated  to  preserve  health  as  to  form  soldierly  habits.  The 
vessels  furnished  for  cooking  were  simply  of  sheet -iron — a  mess-pan, 
as  it  was  called,  and  a  camp-kettle — wholly  unsuited  to  the  proper 
preparation  of  food.  The  bread  was  consequently  fried,  or  rather 
boiled,  in  grease,  the  thinness  of  the  mess-pan  preventing  its  being 
baked,  and  vessels  of  cast-iron  being  but  few.  This  bread,  a  horrid 
compound  of  flour  and  hog's  lard,  was  eaten  by  a  great  majority  of 
them  with  bacon,  and  though  this  was  generally  varied  with  much  that 
was  wholesome  and  palatable,  it  was  enough  of  itself  materially  to 
affect  the  health  of  the  command.  The  most  common  and  alarming 
sickness  was  a  singular  type  of  measles,  that,  in  many  instances,  baffled 
the  skill  of  the  medical  department,  and  carried  off  scores  of  men. 
The  hospitals  in  Bowling  Green  were  crowded,  and  the  houses  of  pri 
vate  families  in  the  neighborhood  seemed  almost  turned  into  hospitals 
themselves,  as  there  were  many  of  them,  in  various  localities,  where 
from  one  to  a  dozen  could  be  found  under  treatment. 

About  the  ist  of  February,  1862,  this  crisis  had  been  passed,  and 
those  who  had  survived  had  generally  returned  to  duty.  True,  the 
proportionate  number  of  men  always  making  up  the  sick  list  of  an 
army  were  in  the  different  hospitals  at  Bowling  Green  and  Nashville, 
but  the  general  health  was  restored,  and  the  ranks  showed  no  such 
signs  of  marked  depletion  as  were  exhibited  in  December  and  the 
first  three  weeks  of  January. 

By  this  time,  too,  the  men  began  not  only  to  become  habituated  to 
the  new  manner  of  life,  but  to  know  by  experience  that  their  own  com 
fort  and  safety  depended  largely  upon  themselves,  and  that  they  must 
adopt  certain  provisions  and  exercise  certain  care  wholly  ignored  in 
the  earlier  stages  of  their  connection  with  the  army.  They  began  to 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  51 

manifest  that  disposition  and  ability  to  adapt  themselves  to  circum 
stances  and  make  the  best  of  everything  that  afterward  characterized 
them,  and  rendered  them  cheerful  and  often  comfortable  in  situations 
that  would  have  puzzled  a  philosopher  to  extract  from  them  any  grain 
of  either.  They  devoted  their  means  to  the  purchase  of  whatever  was 
indispensable  in  preparing  their  diet,  and  in  all  other  cases  where  the 
resources  of  the  departments  failed  they  fell  back  upon  their  own. 

As  remarked,  there  was,  then,  not  only  a  better  state  of  physical 
health,  but  a  more  thorough  preparation  for  the  work  in  the  state  of 
feeling  existing.  They  had  learned  conformity,  in  a  great  degree,  to 
military  regulations;  and  the  first  feelings  of  embarrassment  and  trouble 
having  been  measurably  overcome,  the  spirits  resumed  their  elasticity, 
and  the  men  were  ready  for  their  earnest  and  momentous  work.  The 
consciousness  of  being  soldiers  rapidly  developed  the  soldiers'  pride, 
and  lent  a  zest  to  their  privations,  duties,  and  dangers.  Not  only  did 
cheerfulness  reign  among  them,  and  hope,  coupled  with  resolution,  im 
part  an  air  of  calm  determination,  but  mirth-provoking  practices  came 
in  vogue,  wit  and  humor  found  a  field  for  unrestricted  display;  and  the 
regiments  afterward  to  compose  in  the  main  the  Orphan  Brigade  were 
ready  to  encounter  fate,  and  do  their  part  in  sustaining  the  old  re 
nown  of  their  commonwealth,  whatever  fortune  might  have  in  store  for 
them. 

General  Johnston  assumed  command  of  the  Western  Department 
early  in  September,  1861,  when,  as  has  been  seen,  the  Second  and 
Third  Regiments,  and  Byrne's  Battery,  had  already  been  organized, 
and  the  Fourth  had  nearly  completed  its  complement  of  men — it  being 
organized  on  the  i3th,  only  a  few  days  from  the  time  of  General  John 
ston's  arrival  at  Nashville.  General  Buckner  had  been  named  to  the 
command  of  a  brigade,  of  which  these  Kentucky  troops  were  to  form 
a  part,  and  repaired  to  Camp  Boone  to  enter  upon  his  duties.  About 
the  middle  of  September  he  received  orders  from  General  Johnston  to 
take  charge  of  them  and  of  all  the  Tennessee  troops  then  available  for 
that  purpose,  and  to  move  into  Kentucky,  with  a  view  to  occupying 
Bowling  Green,  the  center  of  a  line  of  operations  and  defense  fixed 
upon  by  that  officer.  The  necessary  arrangements  having  been  made, 
the  command  moved  by  rail  to  Bowling  Green,  with  the  exception 
of  two  hundred  men  of  the  Fourth  Kentucky,  and  a  number  of  the 
Third,  also,  who  were  without  arms.  These  were  sent  to  Nashville, 
for  the  purpose  of  being  armed  and  equipped.  The  Second  Regi 
ment,  a  company  of  Tennessee  cavalry,  and  Byrne's  Battery,  aug 
mented  by  a  field-piece  captured  at  Bowling  Green,  were  sent  forward 
to  Green  River,  and  encamped  near  the  bridge,  with  a  view  to  its 
protection  and  a  probable  advance — the  Federal  forces  occupying 


52  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

Elizabethtown.  The  remainder  of  the  brigade,  though  some  of  them 
passed  up  the  road  as  far  as  Horse  Cave,  where  the  cars  were  thrown 
from  the  track  by  the  act  of  an  enemy,  were  finally  all  encamped  at 
Bowling  Green,  and  the  work  of  fortifying  began.  They  were  joined 
here  early  in  October,  by  the  detachment  sent  to  Nashville  for  arms, 
and,  a  little  later,  by  the  recruits  of  Hunt,  Lewis,  and  Gofer. 

The  Second  Regiment  and  other  troops  remained  at  Green  River 
Bridge  until  the  first  week  in  October,  when  they  moved  back  to 
Bowling  Green,  followed  in  a  short  time  by  the  squadron  of  Morgan, 
which  had  entered  upon  adventurous  outpost  duty  almost  immediately 
after  having  joined  Colonel  Hanson,  at  the  place  above  alluded  to. 

Upon  the  advent  of  the  respective  armies  of  Johnston  and  Ander 
son  on  Bowling  Green  and  Elizabethtown,  restraints  which  had 
hitherto  operated  to  prevent  outrage,  were  measurably  removed,  and 
the  conflicting  passions  of  the  populace  broke  out  into  occasional  acts 
of  violence  among  them.  The  most  quiet  and  honorable  citizens  were 
not  safe  from  molestation,  provided  they  were  known  to  entertain  de 
cided  sentiments  in  favor  of  the  South,  and  possessed,  withal,  an  in 
fluential  power  which  was  likely  to  be  exerted  for  the  Confederate 
Government.  In  many  instances,  too,  the  more  unprincipled  and 
baser  sort  took  advantage  of  the  unsettled  state  of  affairs  to  wreak 
personal  vengeance  upon  those,  either  Southern  or  Northern  sympa 
thizers,  toward  whom,  justly  or  unjustly,  they  bore  either  secret  or 
avowed  enmity,  since,  under  the  pretext  of  serving  the  Union  or  the 
new  Confederacy,  as  the  case  might  be,  they  could  commit  acts  of  re 
vengeful  cruelty  with  perfect  impunity  from  the  laws. 

The  vile  practice  of  exciting  the  military  authorities  against  private 
citizens,  by  spiteful  and  malicious  reports,  was  productive  of  much 
evil  and  danger  to  those  who  were  outspoken  in  favor  of  the  Southern 
movement. 

An  affair  in  which  members  of  the  Sixth  Regiment  were  engaged 
took  place  in  Barren  County,  and  is  an  instance  of  the  manner  in 
which  it  was  sought  to  drag  private  citizens  from  their  homes,  on 
charges  trumped  up,  perhaps,  by  secret  and  designing  foes.  On  the 
morning  of  the  loth  of  October,  1861,  Colonel  Lewis,  then  encamped 
at  Cave  City,  learned  that  an  apprehended  movement  was  on  foot  to 
arrest  Mr.  C.  B.  Hutcherson,  living  near  the  intersection  of  the  Mun- 
fordsville  and  Burksville  road  with  that  running  from  Greensburg  to 
Glasgow.  His  character  had  never  been  other  than  that  of  the  honor 
able,  high-toned  gentleman  and  enterprising  citizen.  His  crime  was 
that  he  favored  the  Southern  government.  By  request,  Colonel  Lewis 
agreed  to  send  ten  men,  as  volunteers,  to  guard  him  against  what  was 
looked  upon  as  simply  lawless  violence.  The  party  consisted  of  John 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  53 

G.  Hudson,  Thomas  G.  Page,  Samuel  Anderson,  A.  G.  King,  Robert 
J.  Hindman,  John  B.  Spurrier,  Gideon  B.  Rhodes,  Joseph  L.  Tucker, 
John  C.  Peden,  and  a  man  named  Mansfield.  The  citizens  present 
who  engaged  in  the  fight  were  C.  B.  Hutcherson,  M.  H.  Dickinson, 
George  Wright,  and  Samuel  Marshall.  The  soldiers  repaired  to  Mr. 
Hutcherson's  during  the  day,  but  it  is  supposed  that  they  were  either 
unobserved  by  citizens  friendly  to  the  Federal  cause,  or  that,  if  any 
such  noticed  them,  they  did  not  know  that  a  movement  was  on  foot  to 
seize  him  that  night.  Having  taken  the  precaution  to  throw  out  some 
pickets,  the  remainder  of  the  party  awaited  developments.  They  had 
nine  or  ten  muskets,  while  some  of  them  were  armed  with  nothing  but 
repeaters.  The  alarm  that  a  body  of  horsemen  was  approaching  was 
given  by  a  picket  some  time  in  the  night,  and  the  Con  federates  arranged 
themselves  in  the  front  yard,  in  which  direction  the  enemy  was  re 
ported  advancing.  An  open  grave-yard  was  but  a  short  distance  from 
the  house,  on  a  slight  eminence,  and  a  little  to  the  left  of  the  front 
gate.  It  was  but  a  short  time  before  men  were  observed  coming 
steadily  and  as  stealthily  as  possible,  and,  when  well  advanced,  and 
occupying  the  burying-place,  with  ground,  perhaps,  on  the  left  and 
contiguous,  some  one  in  the  yard  called  to  them  to  halt.  Instead  of 
answering  the  challenge  in  form,  however,  they  fired,  and  at  once  the 
party  of  Confederates  replied,  firing  as  rapidly  and  as  accurately  as 
possible  in  the  darkness,  which  produced  instant  confusion,  not  only 
in  the  attacking  party,  but  among  the  horse-holders,  whom  they  had 
posted  in  a  hollow  in  the  field  some  distance  back.  There  was  a  noise 
of  men  in  hurried  retreat,  mingled  with  groans  from  the  graveyard 
and  the  running  of  horses  evidently  stampeded  and  dashing  about  the 
inclosed  pasture.  The  darkness  of  night  and  the  weakness  of  the  Con 
federates  (there  being  but  fourteen,  all  told)  necessarily  prevented  their 
assuming  the  offensive,  but  the  aggressive  force  was  already  completely 
routed.  Their  number  has  been  variously  estimated  at  from  fifty  to  a 
hundred  men — supposed  to  have  been  a  full  company  of  a  Federal 
regiment.  The  fire  of  the  Confederates  was  not  so  destructive  as  it 
would  have  been  had  there  been  proper  management  in  taking  position 
and  proper  concert  in  action ;  but,  all  things  considered,  the  punish 
ment  inflicted  compares  favorably  with  any  of  the  war,  considering  the 
forces  engaged.  The  Federals  were,  doubtless,  four  to  one,  at  least, 
and  well  armed,  while,  as  before  remarked,  the  Confederates  had  sev 
eral  men  armed  with  nothing  but  revolvers.  One  Federal  was  killed 
outright;  two  were  brought  in  next  morning  very  severely  wounded; 
five  others  are  known  to  have  been  wounded,  some  of  them  badly; 
others  are  rumored  to  have  been  wounded;  and  thirty  horses,  with 
equipments,  were  captured.  No  Confederate  was  even  touched ;  and 


54  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

the  only  damage  done  was  the  putting  of  some  balls  through  the 
house — one  of  these  having  evidently  been  fired  at  a  lady  who  looked 
out  of  an  upper  window  to  see  how  the  storm  was  raging  below,  as  it 
struck  the  right  half-shutter  while  she  had  the  left  one  open  and  her 
head  out. 

Early  next  morning  a  small  force  of  cavalry  went  out  from  Horse 
Cave  under  command  of  Col.  Jack  Allen;  and  Col.  Lewis  sent 
additional  volunteers  from  the  Sixth  Kentucky  Infantry,  to  reinforce 
the  little  party  there,  as  it  was  apprehended  that  the  enemy  might  be 
on  the  move  from  Greensburgh;  but  no  further  trouble  occurred. 
Among  the  horsemen  were  Wallace  Herr  and  James  H.  Rudy,  who 
afterward  became  distinguished  members  of  the  First  Kentucky 
Cavalry. 

Another  minor  affair  took  place  while  Johnston's  troops  were  at 
Bowling  Green,  in  which  some  men  of  the  Ninth  Kentucky  were  en 
gaged.  This  was  at  Whippoorwill  Bridge,  on  the  Louisville  and  Mem 
phis  Railroad,  some  five  or  six  miles  below  Russellville.  On  the  i3th 
of  November,  Colonel  Hunt,  who  had  three  companies  reporting  to 
him  from  Russellville,  without  having  ever  been  to  Bowling  Green, 
went  down  with  those  collected  at  the  latter  place,  was  joined  there 
by  the  three  companies,  and  the  whole  established  themselves  near 
town,  at  what  they  called  Camp  Magruder,  in  pursuance  of  a  custom 
then  much  in  vogue  among  the  Confederates,  of  calling  encampments 
after  noted  officers  of  their  army.  They  remained  here  till  about  the 
ist  of  December,  and  returned  to  Bowling  Green,  with  the  exception 
of  thirteen  men,  under  command  of  Sergeant  (afterward  First  Lieu 
tenant)  Peter  H.  O'Connor,  of  Co.  H.  The  names  of  three  of  this 
detachment  cannot  be  ascertained;  but  the  others  were:  George 
Campbell,  Co.  A;  Joseph  Hall,  Co.  C;  H.  D.  Dougherty,  Thomas 
Lilley,  Joseph  Wilson,  and  Hatch  Jupin,  Co.  B;  Paul  Burgess  and 
John  E.  Cook,  Co.  G;  Isaac  Duckwall  and  James  Johnson,  Co.  H. 

This  force  had  been  detailed  to  guard  the  bridge  aforesaid  from  de 
struction  by  the  Federal  Home-Guards.  It  was  left  on  duty  when  the 
regiment  went  back  to  Bowling  Green,  except  Sergeant  O'Connor, 
who  had  to  go  to  Bowling  Green  for  a  supply  of  ammunition.  On  the 
morning  of  the  4th  of  December,  the  detail  was  attacked  by  ninety 
men,  under  command  of  a  Captain  Netter,  who  had  come  out  cau 
tiously  from  Rochester  for  the  purpose  of  destroying  the  bridge.  The 
guard  stood  gallantly  to  their  arms  against  this  overwhelming  odds, 
and  fought  until  they  were  surrounded  (a  number  of  Federals  having 
found  the  way  to  their  rear  as  well  as  front),  when  the  survivors  sur 
rendered.  Two  of  them  (George  Campbell  and  Hatch  Jupin)  were 
killed ;  and  Joe  Wilson,  of  Co.  B,  was  severely  wounded  in  the  hip, 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  56 

but  fought  on  till  he  had  a  finger  shot  off,  and  the  proximity  of  the 
enemy  rendered  further  resistance  vain.  He  was  left  on  the  ground. 
The  Federals  barely  took  time  to  fire  the  bridge,  which  they  did  in 
such  a  manner  that  it  failed  to  burn,  before  they  took  up  their  march 
for  Rochester,  carrying  their  own  wounded  and  the  prisoners  with 
them.  It  was  never  ascertained  what  loss  they  suffered,  though  cit 
izens, stated  that  a  number  of  them  were  wounded  but  none  killed. 
Some  of  the  prisoners  escaped  before  they  reached  Rochester;  the 
others  were  sent  to  prison,  and  were  not  exchanged  till  the  autumn  of 
1862.  Surgeon  Pendleton,  who  had  been  left  with  sick  at  Russell- 
ville,  made  up  a  party  for  pursuit  as  soon  as  possible  after  the  truth 
was  ascertained,  but  Netter  had  made  good  his  escape  from  the  neigh 
borhood. 

Apprehensions  were  entertained  about  the  middle  of  November  that 
a  Federal  force  would  be  sent  across  by  way  of  Rochester,  on  Mud 
River,  to  interfere  with  the  Confederate  communications,  by  striking 
the  Memphis  road,  either  at  Russellville  or  below,  and  on  the  iyth  of 
that  month  an  expedition,  consisting  of  the  Second  Kentucky,  the 
Third  Kentucky,  and  a  part  of  the  Fourth,  with  cavalry  and  a  battery 
of  artillery,  was  sent  out  to  Mud  River,  but  nothing  of  particular  note 
occurred,  and  they  returned  to  Bowling  Green  about  the  first  of 
December.  A  little  subsequently,  a  similar  force  was  sent  out  in  that 
direction,  but  with  no  more  important  results. 

The  enemy  was  now  known  to  be  rapidly  repairing  the  bridge  over 
Green  river,  a  pier  of  which  had  been  destroyed  by  the  troops  sta 
tioned  there  in  October,  and,  being  in  great  force  on  the  north  bank, 
disposed  between  Munfordville  and  Elizabethtown,  an  advance  upon 
Nashville,  either  directly  through  Bowling  Green  or  by  an  attempt  to 
turn  the  right  of  General  Johnston's  immediate  strategic  position, 
would  probably  take  place  as  soon  as  their  arrangements  for  crossing 
the  river  and  keeping  open  their  communications  could  be  perfected. 
Scouts  reported  that  a  movement  was  apparently  on  foot  looking  to  an 
advance  upon  what  is  known  as  the  "upper  pike,"  or  the  turnpike 
road  running  from  Louisville  to  Nashville  by  way  of  Glasgow  and 
Scottville.  On  the  i8th  of  December  a  portion  of  the  brigade  was 
sent  forward  to  Oakland  Station,  ostensibly  to  support,  or  act  in  con 
cert  with  the  brigade  of  General  Hindman,  who  had  been  out  contin 
ually  as  far  advanced  toward  Green  River  as  prudence  would  allow. 
Part  of  the  brigade  was  then  at  Bowling  Green  and  part  of  it  at  Oak 
land.  On  the  2oth  some  of  the  troops  were  thrown  six  miles  still  fur 
ther  forward  to  Dripping  Springs. 

On  the  2ist,  it  having  been  reported  that  a  column  of  the  enemy 
was  actually  advancing,  so  as  to  threaten  Bowling  Green  on  the  right, 


56  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

the  brigade,  including  Morgan's  cavalry,  had  orders  to  march  next 
day,  by  different  roads,  to  the  point  where  the  pike  between  Glasgow 
and  Scottville  crosses  Skeggs's  Creek,  over  which  stream  there  is  a 
bridge.  Accordingly,  early  on  the  morning  of  the  22d,  the  various  or 
ganizations  struck  tents,  and  took  up  the  lines  of  march  designated. 
The  rain,  which  had  begun  falling  at  an  early  hour,  increased,  and  it 
was  not  long  till  all  were  thoroughly  drenched,  and  the  roads  were  al 
most  impassable,  on  account  of  the  mud.  But  the  command  struggled 
bravely  on,  the  officers  in  many  instances  setting  a  noble  example  of 
cheerfulness  and  fortitude,  and  in  the  afternoon  reached  the  vicinity 
of  Merry  Oaks,  by  which  time  the  rain  had  almost  entirely  ceased, 
and  the  wind  had  set  in  steadily  from  the  north.  In  addition  to  being 
wet,  the  men  were  now  likely  to  suffer  with  cold;  but  they  hastily 
erected  the  few  tents  that  had  been  brought  forward,  kindled  fires,  and 
were  soon  comparatively  comfortable.  The  next  morning  was  bitter 
cold,  the  ground  was  frozen  and  rough,  and  thin  snow  had  fallen,  and 
continued  to  fall  in  fitful  gusts,  during  the  day.  Information  having 
now  been  received  that  the  enemy  was  quietly  encamped  north  of 
Green  River,  they  were  marched  back  and  encamped,  first  at  Oak 
land  Station,  then  on  the  lower  pike,  thirteen  miles  above  Bowling 
Green. 

Though  these  marches  to  Rochester  and  Merry  Oaks  were  product 
ive  of  no  immediate  advantage  in  either  an  offensive  or  defensive  point 
of  view,  they  served  as  an  admirable  introduction  to  the  career  of 
hardship  and  exposure  to  which  the  men  were  so  soon  to  be  subjected. 
On  the  first  march  to  Mud  River,  the  weather  was  for  some  time  very 
inclement — heavy  rains  pouring  down,  and  the  roads  in  such  horrible 
condition  that  the  artillery  and  baggage  wagons  could  scarcely  be  con 
veyed  over,  or  rather  through  them ;  and  the  supply  of  cooking  utensils 
was  so  meager  that  the  men  were  obliged  to  fall  back  upon  their  own 
resources,  and  devise  expedients  which  afterward  served  them  on  many 
occasions  and  in  more  momentous  times.  Many  of  them  resorted  to 
the  baking  of  bread  on  their  ramrods,  and  taking  their  ration  of  bacon 
without  any  cooking  at  all.  On  the  march  to  Merry  Oaks,  even  the 
''raws"  began  to  feel  themselves  duly  inducted  into  the  mysteries  of 
a  soldier's  hardships  and  privations,  and  the  means  he  adopts  to  modify 
the  more  disagreeable  features  of  his  condition,  and  adapt  himself  with 
a  stern  grace  to  whatever  circumstances  may  surround  him. 

General  Johnston  had,  meanwhile,  pushed  on  the  fortification  of 
Bowling  Green  to  such  an  extent  that,  to  eyes  unused  to  formidable 
preparations,  it  seemed  to  render  the  place  almost  impregnable  to  any 
direct  attack.  General  Hindman  was  out  in  the  region  of  Bell's  Tav 
ern  and  Cave  City;  and  Helm,  and  Morgan,  and  Biffle  were  engaged 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  57 

in  constant  outpost  duty — scouting,  picketing,  and  an  occasional  brush 
with  the  enemy. 

Meanwhile  affairs  had  assumed  different  aspects,  too,  as  regarded 
the  fortunes  of  those  fellow-Kentuckians  whom  they  had  left  above 
Bowling  Green.  Early  in  February,  General  Johnston  had  learned 
the  sad  tidings  of  the  defeat  and  death  of  General  Zollicoffer  at  Fishing 
Creek ;  a  Federal  force  was  pressing  General  Crittenden  back  rapidly 
from  the  scene  of  that  disaster,  so  that  the  left  of  the  Confederate  de 
fensive  line  was  irretrievably  broken,  and  General  Johnston's  flank 
uncovered;  a  large  force  was  concentrated  in  the  vicinity  of  Mun- 
fordville,  ready  to  be  precipitated  upon  Bowling  Green  at  the  aus 
picious  moment;  Fort  Henry  had  been  evacuated;  a  powerful  army 
under  General  Grant  was  menacing  Donelson,  and  the  odds  were  so 
vastly  against  it  that  its  successful  defense  was  a  matter  that  scarcely 
admitted  of  hope.  Pen-and-ink  warriors  were  clamoring  for  they  knew 
not  what,  and  the  people  were  impatient  of  delay.  Every  adverse  in 
fluence,  every  depressing  circumstance  seemed  to  be  concentrated 
upon  the  devoted  head  of  the  commander,  who  wisely  kept  his  own 
counsel,  and  acted  in  accordance  with  the  superior  dictates  of  patriot 
ism  ajid  duty,  as  one  who  could  trust  to  results  to  vindicate  his  course, 
and  who  could  therefore  bide  his  time.  Finding  it  necessary  to  aban 
don  Bowling  Green,  he  at  once  adopted  a  course  as  judicious  as  any 
which  could  be  conceived,  and  carried  it  into  execution  with  an  inde 
pendence  and  a  success  as  rare  as  any  in  the  annals  of  strategy.  To 
establish  a  new  base  and  line  of  operations  at  such  point  as  would 
enable  him  to  collect  his  own  scattered  forces,  even  in  case  of  disaster 
at  Donelson,  as  also  to  unite  his  own  forces  with  those  of  General 
Beauregard,  was  the  object  which  now  claimed  his  attention,  and 
the  wisdom  of  his  decision  and  his  action  has  never  been  questioned 
since  he  gave  up  his  life  on  the  field  of  his  choosing.  After  the  defeat 
of  General  Crittenden  at  Fishing  Creek,  he  quietly  withdrew  the  ord 
nance  and  army  supplies  from  Bowling  Green,  by  rail,  southward,  and 
everything  was  put  in  readiness  by  the  evening  of  February  nth  for 
the  withdrawal  of  the  Central  Army  from  that  place. 

Before  treating  of  this  movement,  however,  let  us  notice  the  battle 
of  Fort  Donelson,  which  occurred  while  it  was  in  process  of  execu 
tion,  and  the  conduct  of  the  regiment  and  artillery  detached  from  the 
brigade  a  few  days  before  to  reinforce  the  garrison  there. 

INCIDENTS     AND     ANECDOTES:        WHILE     THE      BRIGADE     WAS     TAKING 

SHAPE. 

I.  Hard-Hearted  Surgeons. — A  man  was  found  occasionally 
who  repented  of  having  committed  himself  to  the  "lugging  of  knap- 


58  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

sack,  box,  and  gun,"  and  sought  by  one  device  or  other  to  get  out  of 
his  bargain  without  actually  running  off.  A  sort  of  odd-fish  came  into 
one  of  the  regiments,  at  Bowling  Green,  with  an  appetite  keenly 
whetted  for  Yankees;  but  he  soon  lost  his  zest,  and  wished  himself  at 
home.  He  conceived  a  plan  to  get  off,  and  quickly  put  it  to  the  test. 
One  morning  at  sick-call  he  put  himself  under  the  sergeant's  care, 
marched  off  to  surgeon's  quarters,  and  poked  out  his  tongue  in  due 
form;  but  there  was  nothing  the  matter  that  the  tongue  could  disclose, 
so  he  took  it  in,  and  was  marked  for  duty.  He  was  bent  on  being 
discharged,  though,  and  concluding  that  starvation  would  do  the  work, 
he  declared  himself  too  sick  to  eat,  notwithstanding  the  surgeon's  ver 
dict;  and  he  used  afterward  to  laugh  heartily  over  it  himself— how 
nearly  he  came  starving  to  death,  and  yet  couldn't  make  the  surgeons 
think  he  deserved  a  discharge !  He  finally  gave  up  the  attempt,  and, 
being  too  much  of  a  man  to  desert,  made  a  good  soldier. 

II.  A  Deadly  Disease. — Few  among  the  volunteers,  outside  of 
the  medical  profession,  understood  the  meaning  of  that  scientific  term, 

' '  nostalgia,"  which  in  the  earlier  days  of  the  service  was  so  often  found 
opposite  names  of  the  sick  in  surgeons'  reports.  An  orderly  sergeant 
who  had  puzzled  himself  over  it  asked  his  surgeon  one  morning,  when 
he  found  it  set  time  and  again  against  the  names  of  his  men,  what  it 
meant.  "  Home  sickness,"  he  answered;  "that's  the  plain  English 
of  it."  The  inquirer  was  astonished  to  learn  that  it  was  not  only 
recognized  as  a  disease,  but  that  it  was  one  which  would  kill ;  but 
subsequent  observation  convinced  him  that  during  the  first  year,  at  least 
many  a  really  noble  fellow  died  of  it. 

III.  Too  Short. — Co.  I,  Fourth  Kentucky,  enlisted  a  jolly,  good- 
humored  son  of  Erin,  Tom  Conelly,  upon  whom  the  officers  wasted  a 
good  deal  of  time,  trying  to  fit  him  for  service  in  the  ranks  ;  but 
teaching  proved  ineffective  and  scolding  was  useless ;  it  was  clear  that 
"  Tommie,"  as  he  came  to  be  familiarly  called,  could  not  keep  step. 
He  could  dress,  right,  left  or  center,  with  a  little  nudging  from  the 
next  file;  but  when  the  drill-master  cried  "  step" — "step,"  or  "left" 
— ' '  left,"  or  even  sung  out  Graves's  vigorous  though  somewhat  strident 
"  hup" — "  hup,"  Conelly  seemed  to  lose  himself  in  attending  to  the 
sound,  and  his  legs   went  their  own  gait.     To  see  him  try  to  catch 
step  by  a  resort  to  the  crow-hop  was  almost  enough  to  make  a  wooden 
man  laugh.     Repeated  remonstrance  as  to  his  failures  elicited  only 
the  reply:  "  Ah,  Captain,  I  am  not  the  height  for  a  soldier;  I'm  not 
the  height."    It  was  finally  decided  to  put  Tommie  on  detail  duty,  and 
he  was  assigned  to  the  medical  department,  where  he  proved  himself 
useful.     After  the  command  was  mounted  he  was  made  Orderly  on 
General  Lewis's  staff.     "But,"  says  a  member  of  the  Ninth  Ken 
tucky,   "  whether  carrying  water  or  riding  his  mule,    Tommie  was 
ever  the  same  Irish,  original,  and  comic  self.     He  was  never  known 
to  refuse  a  drink,  and  yet  he  avers  that  he  was  never  drunk  on  medical 
whisky.     He  had  a  singular  proclivity  for  gathering  up  cartridge  belts, 
and  always  wore  about  a  half  dozen,  while  he  kept  a  score  on  hand  to 
supply  his  comrades.     A  story  is  told  on  Tommie  relative  to  his  first 
impressions  of  a  '  Vicksburgh  lamp-post,'  or  Yankee  shrapnel.     One 
night  as  he  and  Joe — another  indispensable  member  of  the  medical 
staff  (everybody  remembers  Joe's  light-bread  and  baker's  yeast)— with 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  59 

others,  were  returning  from  carrying  rations  to  the  men  on  picket  in 
Vicksburgh,  they  had  to  pass  through  a  long  railroad  cut.  When 
about  midway,  one  of  those  terrible  shells  came  whirring  along  over 
their  heads.  Tommie  jumped  forward  in  alarm,  exclaiming :  '  Be 
jabers,  boys! — faith,  and  why  don't  ye  get  out  of  the  way?  Don't 
you  hear  the  locomotive  coming  ? '  At  the  close  of  the  war  Tommie 
returned  to  his  home  in  Russellville,  covered  with  honors  and  with 
belts." 

IV,  Conquering  a  Peace. — The  Fourth  Regiment,  having  been 
organized  sometime  before  the  Sixth  and  Ninth,  and  very  carefully 
drilled,  felt  themselves  veterans  when-  the  latter  were  still  raw,  and 
rallied  the  "awkward  squad,"  as  they  called  them,  unmercifully.     At 
Burnsville,  however,  the  Ninth  found  an  opportunity  to  pay  them  back 
in  one  species  of  their  own  coin,  aud  they  made  such  use  of  it  as  to 
force  the  "  veterans,"  who  also  called  themselves   "  Buckner's  Pets," 
to  sue  for  a  treaty  of  amity.     The  tents  of  the  two  regiments  were 
pitched  on  the  same  slope  and  in  such  close  proximity  that  it  was  not 
deemed  necessary  to  keep  two  separate  camp-guards ;  so  they  agreed 
to  dispense  with  that  part  of  the  detail,   at  least,   which  would  be  re 
quired  to  watch  the  two  lines  near  the  point  of  contact,  and  to  have  a 
guard  proportioned  to  the  strength  of  each  regiment  detailed  for  duty 
around  the  two  commands.    They  now  became  better  acquainted,  and 
things  went  on  swimmingly  till  one  morning,  when  a  certain  valuable 
cooking  utensil  was  missed  from  the  Ninth.     A  careful  reconnoisance 
developed  the  fact  that  it  had  found  its  way  to  the  Fourth,  and  a  plan 
of  retaliation  was  at  once  instituted.     The  night  which  followed  was 
dark  and  favorable  to  the  enterprise.     After  tattoo,  and  when  the  men 
of  the  offending  regiment  were  fully  committed  to  their  slumbers,  a 
party  of  the  Ninth  stole  quietly  among  their  tents  and  bore  off  every 
cooking  vessel  upon  which  they  could  lay  their  hands.     The  astonish 
ment  of  the  veterans  next  morning  knew  no  bounds,  when  they  found 
that  instead  of  a  single  piece  of  camp   furniture's  being  gone,  there 
were  more  indications  that  they  had  been  visited  by  Ali  Baba's  "  forty 
thieves."     But    the    true   state  of  case    was    soon    discovered,    and 
there  was  a  large  meeting  of  plenipotentiaries  from   the  respective 
regiments,  who  entered  into  a  solemn  league  and  covenant,  providing 
that,  no  matter  what  might  be  practiced  upon  outsiders,  the  strictest 
forbearance  was  to  be  observed  toward  each  other.     There  was  then 
a  restoration  of  the  property,  but  the  Fourth  had  a  late  breakfast  that 
morning.     From  that  time  a  warm  friendship  sprang  up  between  these 
two  regiments,  and  the  treaty  was  never  broken.      "  Buckner's  Pets  " 
very  naturally  concluded  that  men  who,  with  so  little  training  could 
avenge  their  wrongs  so  promptly,  were  worthy  of  esteem  and  confi 
dence. 

V.  Tried   for   High  Treason. — John   H.   Dills,  who  was  dis 
charged  February  12,  1862,  because  of  disability  by  disease,  (See  roll 
of  Co.  D,  Ninth  regiment),  had  a  peculiar  experience  subsequently — 
being  the  only  man  tried  during  the  war  on  the  charge  of  high  treason. 
When  the  Confederate  army  was  on  the  point  of  withdrawing  from 
the  State,  he  had  not  recovered  from  the  effect  of  a  dangerous  attack 
of  typhoid,  and  applied  for  a  furlough,  but  the  authorities  decided 
that  he  should  be  discharged.      His  friends  had  him  conveyed  to  the 


<i0  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

home  of  Frank  Rogan,  in  Sumner  County,  Tenn.,  but  before  the 
army  had  left  Murfreesboro,  he  had  ridden  horseback  and  joined  his 
company  intending  to  enter  the  service  again.  Finding  himself  too 
weak  to  accompany  the  army  southward,  he  went  to  Abingdon, 
Va.,  where  he  stayed  until  his  strength  was  somewhat  restored.  He 
then  came  back  to  his  home,  within  three  miles  of  Cynthiana,  to  se 
cure  recruits  for  the  Southern  army.  The  Federal  commander  at 
Cynthiana  learned  of  his  return,  and  had  him  arrested.  A  formal 
complaint  was  filed  with  the  United  States  Commissioner,  charging 
him  with  high  treason,  and  he  was  sent  to  Frankfort  and  committed  to 
jail  to  await  the  action  of  the  Federal  grand  jury. 

At  the  June  term,  1862,  a  formal  indictment  was  found,  and  the  case 
set  for  trial,  to  be  had  before  Judge  Bland  Ballard.  James  Harlan, 
the  father  of  Judge  John  M.  Harlan,  now  of  the  United  States  Supreme 
Court,  prosecuted.  A.  H.  Ward,  James  F.  Robinson  and  Thomas  N. 
Lindsay,  were  engaged  for  the  defense. 

After  a  careful  test  of  every  man  of  a  special  venire  summoned,  a 
jury  was  made  up  of  "  twelve  good  men  and  true;"  but  the  prosecu 
tion  suspected  the  "unconditional  loyalty"  of  some  of  them,  and 
moved  the  court  to  take  a  recess  of  ten  days,  on  the  ground  that  Con 
gressional  action  was  about  to  be  had  to  prescribe  an  additional  chal 
lenge  for  the  purging  of  juries  in  capital  cases.  The  motion  was 
granted,  and  the  defendant  remanded  to  jail.  When  the  case  was 
called  again  Harlan  produced  the  law  for  which  he  had  been  waiting. 
It  bore  date  of  the  day  when  the  court  had  taken  recess,  had  been  rushed 
through  both  houses-under  a  suspension  of  the  rules,  and  was  signed 
by  the  President,  all  on  the  same  day.  The  jury  therefore  had  again 
to  be  made  up.  The  prejudices  of  the  soldiers  and  the  Union  people 
were  intense,  and  it  took  a  brave  man  to  refuse  the  test  of  loyalty  pre 
scribed  by  the  new  law.  As  it  proved,  every  member  of  the  venire 
took  the  required  oath,  and  the  old  jury  was  choseri  with  the  excep 
tion  of  one  man  who  was  sick.  When  the  case  was  called,  Judge 
Ballard  excluded  newspaper  reporters  on  the  ground  that  the  defend 
ant  was  entitled  to  fair  and  impartial  trial,  and  the  publication  of  the 
proceedings  would  prejudice  his  cause.  Only  a  few  prosecuting  wit 
nesses  were  called;  and  as  no  two  of  them  could  testify  to  the  same 
overt  act  or  indeed  to  any  overt  act,  a  verdict  of  "  not  guilty  "  was 
returned,  July  2,  1862.  On  his  return  home  from  Frankfort,  Major 
Bracht,  the  Provost  Marshal  of  Lexington,  had  him  brought  before 
him  and  required  a  pledge  to  keep  the  peace  towards  the  United  States 
during  the  war,  under  bond  in  the  sum  of  $10,000.  This  bond  and 
pledge  saved  him  from  a  military  prison ;  but  his  troubles  were  not  yet 
over.  A  number  of  swash-bucklers,  parading  themselves  as  home 
guards,  held  a  meeting  on  the  night  of  his  return  from  Lexington,  and 
passed  resolutions  condemning  the  United  States  Court  that  had  failed 
to  convict,  and  so  had  turned  loose  upon  the  community  such  a  dan 
gerous  man.  A  formal  notice  was  prepared  and  served  upon  him, 
ordering  him  to  leave  the  State  within  ten  days,  or  he  "  would  be  shot 
or  otherwise  roughly  dealt  with."  Before  the  expiration  of  the  time, 
however,  General  Morgan  visited  Cynthiana,  and  the  survivors  of  that 
indignation  meeting  afterward  preferred  to  cultivate  Dills'  favor  rather 
than  act  as  his  executioners. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  61 

He  removed  to  Texas  in  1875,  and  is  now  an  honored  citizen  of 
Sherman.  He  has  been  twice  elected  to  represent  Grayson  county  in 
the  Legislature ;  and  the  circle  of  his  friends  is  limited  only  by  that  of 
his  acquaintance. 


,62  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 


CHAPTER  IV. 

THE    SECOND    KENTUCKY    AND    GRAVES'S    BATTERY     AT    DONELSON    AND 
IN    PRISON. — INCIDENTS    AND    ANECDOTES. 

In  trying  to  follow  the  fortunes  of  the  Kentucky  Brigade,  it  is  no 
part  of  the  author's  plan  to  discuss  either  grand  or  special  strategy  as 
employed  in  connection  with  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee,  nor  to  enter 
into  any  elaborate  description  of  each  special  field  and  the  disposition 
and  maneuvers  of  all  the  troops  engaged.  In  general,  these  things 
tend  rather  to  confuse  the  reader  than  to  give  him  a  clear  view  of  the 
conduct  of  a  particular  organization.  In  the  present  instance,  it  is 
sufficient  to  notice  that  shortly  after  the  defeat  of  Gen.  George  Crit- 
tenden,  at  Fishing  Creek,  (January  19,  1862),  Gen.  Sidney  Johnston 
detached  from  the  Central  Army  of  Kentucky  the  divisions  of  Pillow 
and  Floyd,  and  a  part  of  Buckner's,  and  sent  them  under  command 
of  these  officers  to  reinforce  the  garrison  at  Fort  Donelson.  The 
Second  Kentucky  and  Graves's  battery,  constituting  a  part  of  Buck- 
ner's  division,  were  at  Russellville,  when,  just  after  the  fall  of  Fort 
Henry,  they  were  ordered  to  proceed  by  railroad  to  Clarksville,  thence 
by  steamer  to  Dover,  where  they  arrived  after  midnight  of  February 
8th.  They  were  quartered  in  the  town  until  some  time  during  the 
loth,  when  they  were  marched  out  about  a  mile  to  the  northwest,  and 
assigned  to  the  extreme  right  of  the  Confederate  line,  westward,  and 
across  the  Eddyville  road.  This  was  the  right  of  General  Buckner's 
division,  resting  on  a  kind  of  slough  or  backwater  from  Hickman 
Creek  and  extending  southward  in  the  general  direction  of  the  Eddy 
ville  road  towards  its  point  of  intersection  with  the  Charlotte  road 
above  Dover.  The  water  batteries,  upper  and  lower,  the  approaches 
to  which  this  division  was  set  to  cover,  were  almost  immediately  east, 
about  twelve  hundred  yards  in  rear  of  the  position  assigned  to  the 
Second  Kentucky.  The  men  were  set  to  work  to  construct  rifle  pits, 
with  earthworks  and  abattis  fronting,  in  the  usual  manner,  along  a 
line  about  one-eighth  of  a  mile  in  length,  and  they  worked  night  and 
day  on  these,  by  relays,  until  the  morning  of  the  i2th,  when  their 
tools  were  surrendered  to  others;  and  by  the  morning  of  the  i3th 
General  Buckner's  entire  position,  a  half  mile  or  more  in  length,  was 
considered  to  be  in  a  fair  state  of  defense.  Two  regiments — the 
Twenty-sixth  Tennessee  and  Twenty-sixth  Mississippi,  had  been  de- 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  63 

tached  and  placed  under  Pillow's  orders.  The  troops  in  hand  were 
disposed  as  follows :  Hanson  on  the  extreme  right,  with  the  Eighteenth 
Tennessee  (Colonel  Palmer)  in  position  to  reinforce  him;  Porter's 
battery  occupied  an  advanced  salient,  near  the  center  of  three  Ten 
nessee  regiments  forming  Brown's  brigade,  and  not  far  from  the  left 
of  the  Second  Kentucky,  where  it  could  sweep  the  road  which  led  to 
the  front  from  the  direction  in  which  the  Federals  had  advanced,  as 
well  as  flank  the  intrenchments  right  and  left,  with  the  Fourteenth 
Mississippi  in  position  to  support;  the  Third  Tennessee,  Thirty-second 
Tennessee,  and  Forty-first  Tennessee,  (under  command  of  Colonel 
Brown)  extended  the  line  from  Hanson's  left;  and  Graves's battery  of 
six  guns  was  placed  on  a  declivity  near  the  extreme  left  of  the  divis 
ion,  where  it  could  sweep  the  valley  leading  down  between  General 
Buckner's  left  and  the  right  of  Heiman's  brigade,  which  occupied 
Pillow's  right,  and  also  by  flank-fire  protect  Heiman's  front. 

This  much  of  explanation,  to  enable  us  to  understand,  without 
entering  into  the  details  of  the  battle,  the  part  played  by  the  Ken- 
tuckians  on  that  field. 

Early  on  the  morning  of  the  i2th,  the  Federal  army,  in  two  divis 
ions,  commanded  respectively  by  Smith  and  McClernand,  was  march 
ing  by  two  roads  from  the  vicinity  of  Fort  Henry,  from  twelve  to 
fourteen  miles  distant ;  by  sundown  they  had  reached  the  neighbor 
hood  of  Fort  Donelson.  There  was  some  fighting  between  pickets 
in  the  right  front  of  the  Second  Kentucky  that  day.  Smith  and  Mc 
Clernand  were  ordered  to  find  position  in  front  of  the  Confederate 
line  early  in  the  morning  of  the  i3th,  Smith  to  face  Buckner  on  the 
right,  McClernand  to  face  Pillow  and  close  the  Charlotte  road  so  as  to 
leave  General  Floyd  no  communication  southward  except  the  river; 
but  it  was  found  that  when  they  reached  the  designated  lines  their 
combined  forces  were  not  sufficient  fully  to  envelop  the  place,  as  Mc 
Clernand  could  not  extend  across  the  Charlotte  road  and  still  connect 
with  Smith's  right  flank,  even  by  dispensing  with  reserve  force  and 
keeping  all  his  troops  advanced ;  but  this  was  remedied  next  day,  as 
we  shall  see.  The  gunboats  under  Commodore  Foote  had  come  up 
the  Cumberland  meanwhile,  and  the  Confederate  position  was  now 
almost  completely  invested. 

On  the  night  of  the  i2th,  four  companies  of  the  Second  Kentucky 
occupied  their  intrenchments;  early  on  the  morning  of  the  i3th  the 
six  left  companies  were  disposed  along  the  whole  line  of  rifle-pits  and 
the  other  four  companies  held  in  reserve.  Shortly  after  daylight, 
Federal  batteries  began  to  play  upon  the  position,  and  presently  a 
Federal  force  in  line  of  battle  was  seen  marching  through  the  woods. 
This  was  allowed  to  advance  within  a  few  yards  of  the  abattis  which 


64  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

fringed  the  front  of  the  Kentucky  position,  where  they  were  halted, 
reformed,  and  then  ordered  forward  in  plain  hearing  of  the  men  in 
the  works.  Not  until  they  had  approached  within  a  hundred  yards 
was  fire  delivered  from  the  pits.  A  volley  was  poured  into  them;  but 
they  did  not  break  until  they  had  pressed  forward,  under  rapid  and 
almost  continuous  fire  from  the  Kentuckians,  to  within  sixty  yards, 
when  they  fled  in  confusion.  Three  times  that  day  they  attempted  to 
storm  these  works ;  but  they  were  driven  back,  leaving  the  ground 
almost  literally  strewn  with  their  dead  and  wounded. 

Away  off  to  the  left  Graves  and  his  men  were  alert,  and  they  made 
McClernand's  efforts  to  form  along  Pillow's  front  uncomfortable — 
firing  up  the  valley  as  they  crossed  it  toward  the  southeast;  and  when 
the  Federal  batteries  had  gotten  into  position  he  engaged  them  by 
firing  to  the  left,  along  Heiman's  line  of  battle.  The  sharpshooters 
of  both  armies  got  in  their  deadly  work  from  time  to  time. 

The  casualties  among  the  Kentuckians  were  not  great  during  the 
day,  though  the  repeated  onsets  of  the  enemy  had  been  gallant  and 
their  contact  close ;  but  they  had  a  realization  of  what  it  meant  to 
fight  a  foe  superior  in  numbers  of  unquestioned  courage,  and  led  by 
officers  who  had  seen  service — some  of  them  with  General  Buckner 
in  the  old  army.  As  has  been  explained  by  General  Wallace,  the  men  of 
the  North  and  Northwest  on  one  side,  and  of  the  South  and  Southwest 
on  the  other,  had  grappled.  Greek  had  met  Greek.  At  the  close  of 
this  day  the  men  of  the  South  had  the  best  of  it;  they  were  on  the  de 
fensive,  and  the  Federals  had  sustained  much  of  their  loss  while  fight 
ing  for  position. 

It  is  worth  while  to  study  briefly  the  manifestations  of  these  Ken 
tuckians  in  this  their  first  great  battle — how  keenly  they  were  alive  to 
all  that  was  going  on,  how  observant  they  were  of  individual  conduct, 
and  how  the  feeling  of  comradeship  asserted  itself.  It  was  remarked 
that  a  Mr.  Garth,  of  Southern  Kentucky,  not  a  member  of  the  regi 
ment,  had  gotten  into  one  of  their  pits  with  a  fine  Enfield  rifle,  and 
brought  down  an  officer  far  off  in  the  wood  before  the  first  charge  was 
made  upon  them;  they  noted  with  admiration  how  steadily  the  attack 
ing  column  had  behaved,  stopping  within  fair  gun-shot  to  reform,  and 
taking  from  their  officers  before  moving  the  order  to  dress  on  the 
colors,  and  that  to  march  before  they  dashed  at  the  abattis  behind 
which  lay  the  earth-works,  and  behind  those  works  their  grim  foemen, 
with  their  deadly,  though  soon-to-be-discarded  buck-and-ball  muskets. 
It  was  observed  that  Neil  Hendricks,  the  Orderly  Sergeant  of  Co.  B, 
afterwards  its  Captain,  was  shot  in  the  breast  at  the  first  fire,  and  that 
Nelson  was  the  first  man  of  the  regiment,  the  first  of  the  brigade,  to 
be  killed  in  a  great  battle.  And  he,  their  first  offering  to  Mars,  was 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADK.  65 

buried  that  night,  doubtless  with  all  the  honors  of  war  that  could  be 
shown  in  the  face  of  the  enemy,  though  this  is  not  recorded.  The 
muffled  drum,  the  march  with  reversed  arms,  the  salute  fired  over  the 
newly-filled  grave — all  the  ceremony  which  they  had  learned  at  Camp 
Boone — perhaps  these  had  no  part  in  the  performance ;  but  a  detail 
of  his  comrades  went  back  to  Dover  that  night  and  got  boards  of 
which  a  rude  coffin  was  constructed,  and  he  was  carefully  laid  to  rest — 
it  may  be  as  silently  as  Sir  John  Moore — by  these  loyal  souls  who 
afterward  on  many  a  battlefield  were  content  if  they  could  do  only  so 
much  for  their  slain  fellow-soldiers  as  to  wrap  them  in  their  own 
blankets,  and  bury  them  here  and  there,  where  -they  fell,  under  the 
sod  they  had  reddened  with  their  blood.  And  again  to  one  who  wrote 
of  the  casualties  of  Saturday  it  seemed  not  sufficient  to  say  only  that 
Lieutenant  Hill  was  mortally  wounded  during  the  duel,  but  ' '  a  can 
non  ball  was  seen  to  strike  the  ground  and  come  bounding  along  like 
a  rabbit.  It  struck  Lieutenant  Hill,  of  Co.  F,  on  the  knee;  he  was 
removed  to  the  field  hospital;  and  he  died  that  night." 

Up  to  the  afternoon  of  the  i3th  the  weather  had  been  almost  spring 
like,  and  overcoats  were  an  incumbrance ;  but  now  there  was  a  sud 
den  change :  the  wind  blew  cold  and  almost  continuously  from  the 
north  all  night  long ;  rain  and  snow  fell,  and  soon  there  was  a  coating 
of  sleet;  and  both  armies,  in  their  unsheltered  and  inadequately 
clothed  condition,  shivered  on  their  lines  of  bivouacs  and  their  picket 
posts  through  the  dreary  hours.  The  Second  Kentucky  occupied  the 
rifle-pits  by  reliefs,  and  the  men  who  retired  to  the  rear  to  rest  and 
sleep  found  little  comfort  and  only  fitful  slumber,  as  they  could  not 
kindle  fires  without  betraying  their  position  to  the  Federal  artillerists. 

The  1 4th  was  a  day  of  comparative  inaction,  except  on  the  part  of 
Foote's  squadron  in  its  attack  on  the  water  batteries  and  the  fort,  which 
resulted  in  the  disabling  of  some  of  his  gunboats  and  the  permanent 
retirement  of  all. 

In  the  early  afternoon  a  division  composed  of  General  Lew  Wal 
lace's  brigade  and  a  battery,  which  arrived  from  Fort  Henry  about 
noon,  and  of  reinforcements  which  had  been  conveyed  up  the  river 
and  assigned  to  Wallace,  was  placed  between  McClernand  and  Smith, 
enabling  the  former  to  push  further  toward  the  right  and  envelop  the 
Charlotte  road,  while  keeping  an  ample  reserve  force  in  support.  The 
work  of  complete  and  strong  investment  of  Floyd's  position,  so  well 
begun  on  the  i3th,  was  now  complete;  and  though  the  Confederates 
had  so  well  maintained  themselves  on  the  landside  that  day,  and,  on 
this,  Foote's  flotilla  had  been  driven  off,  there  were  sufficient  indica 
tions  that  a  desperate  struggle  was  at  hand. 

The  weather  continued  cold,  the  ground  was  covered  with  ice  and 


66  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

snow,  and  that  night  the  men  who  slept  at  all  had  but  a  few  hours  of 
uneasy  sleep.  Between  2  and  3  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  the  i5th 
the  Second  Kentucky  was  called  up  and  marched  to  the  left,  leaving 
the  Thirtieth  Tennessee  (Colonel  Head),  from  the  fort,  in  its  intrench- 
ments.  It  was  formed  as  a  reserve  to  Baldwin's  troops  now  attached 
to  Colonel  Brown's  brigade,  and  not  far  from  Graves's  men  and  guns. 
In  the  early  dawn  Pillow  began  his  attack  upon  the  right  wing  of  the 
Federal  army,  in  accordance  with  plans  agreed  upon  at  the  council  of 
war  held  at  Floyd's  headquarters  the  night  before;  and  Graves  opened 
upon  a  Federal  battery  in  rear  of  McClernand's  left,  which  responded 
promptly,  and  the  two  were  soon  engaged  in  a  duel  which  was  ob 
served  with  deep  interest  by  General  Buckner,  who  walked  composedly 
up  and  down  near  the  battery  and  off  to  the  left  front  of  the  Kentucky 
infantry,  setting  a  noble  example  to  the  men  in  this  new  feature  of  the 
lessons  they  learned  on  that  field. 

About  9  o'clock  General  Buckner  sent  Colonel  Brown  with  two 
regiments,  the  Third  Tennessee  and  the  Fourteenth  Mississippi,  to 
silence  the  battery  with  which  Graves  was  engaged  and  strike  McCler 
nand's  left,  his  right  being  now  hard  pressed -and  giving  way.  The 
troops  indicated  moved  off  promptly  and  attacked  in  splendid  style; 
but  the  battery  was  well  handled  and  the  support  strong,  and  Colonel 
Brown  failed  to  move  them.  His  regiments  became  partially  broken 
before  he  reached  the  top  of  the  declivity,  and  were  presently  coming 
back.  General  Buckner  rallied  them  as  they  came  and  placed  them 
in  the  intrenchments;  then  going  back  to  the  Kentuckians  he  said  : 
"The  Second  Kentucky  will  have  to  do  that  work!"  Just  then 
Graves  came  over  the  hill  in  the  rear  of  his  position,  and  behind 
which  the  regiment  was  sheltered  from  direct  shots,  and  cried  out : 
"Where  is  the  Second  Kentucky?  Come  to  the  aid  of  my  battery." 
This  was  mistaken  by  some  who  were  nearest  him  to  be  an  order 
which  in  an  emergency  he  had  a  right  to  give ;  and  the  impetuous 
young  commanders  of  Cos.  B  and  G,  Higgins  and  Spears,  were  more 
ready  to  obey  than  to  question,  and  these  companies  dashed  off  with 
a  shout,  passing  the  Kentucky  Battery,  then  down  the  slope  and  across 
the  little  valley  to  the  foot  of  the  hill  from  which  the  Federal  guns  were 
still  raining  shot  and  shell  upon  Graves  and  his  support,  and  flanking 
which  were  the  riflemen  who  poured  into  them  a  galling  fire.  They 
pressed  to  within  fifty  yards  of  the  Federal  lines,  and  there,  it  was 
estimated,  they  gave  the  enemy  shot  for  shot  for  fifteen  minutes,  with 
out  signs  of  wavering,  when  Colonel  Hanson  brought  the  remaining 
eight  companies  up  on  their  right,  advancing  quickstep,  with  fixed 
bayonets,  but  without  firing  a  shot,  steady  as  on  parade ;  and  now  the 
entire  regiment  charged  with  a  yell,  and  the  enemy  broke  and  aban- 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  67 

doned  the  battery.  It  was  at  this  juncture  that  Col.  John  A.  Logan, 
with  the  Thirty-first  Illinois,  and  Colonel  Ransom,  with  the  Eleventh 
Illinois,  were  fighting  desperately  to  hold  the  ground  from  which  the 
rest  of  Oglesby's  men  had  been  driven,  as  shown  by  Gen.  Lew  Wal 
lace;  and  Logan  fell  severely  wounded  about  the  'time  these  last  regi 
ments  were  compelled  to  retire.  The  Second  Kentucky  now  carried 
some  of  the  guns  of  this  battery  and  turned  them  over  to  Graves; 
and  after  a  rest  the  regiment  was  ordered  back  to  its  intrenchments  on 
the  extreme  right.  It  set  out  in  high  glee  over  its  successes,  though 
these  had  not  been  won  without  a  costly  sacrifice  in  killed  and 
wounded;  conscious  of  the  admiration  of  all  who  observed  them,  and 
hearing  the  warm  comments  of  some  on  the  "incomparable  regi 
ment  ; "  but  a  disappointment  was  now  in  store  for  them. 

While  the  movement  led  by  Colonel  Brown,  and  afterward  con 
cluded  by  the  Second  Kentucky,  as  explained  above,  was  being  exe 
cuted,  General  Buckner  had  taken  the  remainder  of  his  division  and  a 
section  of  Graves's  battery  up  the  valley  extending  out  from  about  the 
center  of  the  Confederate  line,  and  was  engaged  with  Wallace's  di 
vision,  with  every  prospect  of  success  in  clearing  the  Wynne's  Ferry 
Road,  had  his  order  to  Hanson  and  Brown  to  join  him  not  been  coun 
termanded  by  Pillow,  who  also  sent  to  him  to  retire  and  reoccupy  his 
intrenched  position  on  the  right.  Before  he  could  fully  execute  the 
latter  order  Gen.  Charles  F.  Smith,  with  Lauman's  brigade  and  the 
Fifty-second  Indiana,  had  begun  his  gallant,  skillful,  and,  (as  it  proved 
to  be),  successful  movement.  When  Colonel  Hanson,  on  approach 
ing  his  position,  received  information  that  the  Federal  troops  were 
coming  up  the  hill,  he  ordered  six  companies  to  make  a  dash  for  the 
rifle-pits,  while  four  were  held  in  reserve.  A  number  of  these  pits, 
on  the  right  of  the  line,  with  intervals  of  about  twenty  yards,  faced 
almost  directly  north,  the  direction  from  which  Smith  was  approach 
ing  ;  while  the  rest  extended  about  parallel  with  the  Eddy  ville  road, 
almost  at  right  angles  to  those  on  the  right,  and  looked  west  or  per 
haps  slightly  west  by  north.  The  companies  that  made  a  run  for  those 
on  the  right  were  met  by  the  enemy,  and  few  of  the  men  got  in. 
Captain  McDowell,  with  thirteen  men  of  Co.  F  and  a  few  of  the 
Eighteenth  Tennessee,  succeeded  in  getting  into  one  of  the  pits  and 
were  rapidly  firing  at  the  Federals  in  the  woods  before  them,  and 
almost  upon  them,  when  they  suddenly  found  themselves  flanked  and 
covered  also  in  the  rear,  and  received  at  close  range  a  destructive  fire, 
which  killed  and  wounded  more  than  half  of  them,  McDowell  receiv 
ing  two  shots.  He  was  not  disabled,  however,  and  he  and  his  men 
fought  their  way  back  obliquely  to  the  right,  and  rejoined  the  main 
body  of  the  regiment  as  it  stubbornly  retired,  keeping  up  a  rapid  fire. 


68  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

It  was  told  of  McDowell  that  when  he  and  his  men  found  the  Fed 
erals  upon  them  in  front,  he  insisted  on  standing,  feeble  as  the  force 
was,  and  giving  them  the  bayonet ;  but  when  he  found  his  little  band 
attacked  also  flank  and  rear,  he  saw  the  impossibility  of  effecting  any 
thing,  and  they  fought  out. 

The  companies  that  ran  to  the  intrenchments  on  the  left  found,  on 
looking  westward,  that  no  enemy  was  directly  in  their  front;  but  they 
had  hardly  observed  this  fact  before  they  saw  the  Federal  soldiers 
pouring  over  the  works  on  the  right  and  swarming  through  the  inter 
vening  spaces,  while  a  stand  of  the  enemy's  colors  was  planted  on  one 
of  the  slight  ramparts,  and  these  left  companies  of  the  Second  Ken 
tucky  were  now  subjected  to  an  enfilading  fire.  The  enemy  would 
have  quickly  massed  in  their  rear  and  captured  them  had  they  not  rap 
idly  retreated.  The  reserve  companies  and  the  support  furnished  by 
part  of  the  Eighteenth  Tennessee  and  some  of  Head's  Tennesseeans 
were  not  sufficient  to  check  the  enemy  and  enable  the  broken  Confed 
erates  to  halt  and  re-form  there,  and  all  were  driven  back  in  some  con 
fusion  ;  but  they  rallied  just  over  the  crest  of  a  ridge  in  the  rear,  look 
ing  northward.  Before  reaching  this  ridge  the  men  of  the  two  regi 
ments,  pressed  back  over  a  short  length  of  line,  had  become  inter 
mingled,  and  their  officers  were  trying  to  form  them  on  their  respective 
colors,  when  General  Buckner  came  up  and  ordered  them  to  fall  in 
without  respect  to  regiments  or  companies.  Aided  by  the  officers,  he 
established  the  line  and  stopped  the  enemy's  advance.  Graves  had 
heard  the  heavy  firing,  and  rightly  apprehending  that  his  friends  were 
in  trouble,  ordered  two  of  his  Sergeants,  Bell  and  Colston,  to  take  their 
pieces  and  go  with  him  to  their  assistance.  Under  his  direction  these 
guns  were  quickly  in  position  and  playing  upon  the  enemy.  He  was 
in  too  great  force  and  too  firmly  lodged  to  be  moved ;  but  after  Graves 
came  up  the  two  regiments  effected  separate  alignment  and  held  the 
position  until  nightfall,  when  they  retired  behind  the  ridge  and  out  of 
range. 

Colonel  Hanson,  herp  as  elsewhere  during  those  days,  was  with  his 
men,  directing,  encouraging,  sharing  their  dangers,  showing  a  genuine 
soldier's  appreciation  of  the  conduct  displayed  by  the  command  of 
which  he  had  expected  so  much,  and  which  had  not  disappointed  him. 
"And  Buckner,"  said  one,  "stood  where  men  were  falling  around 
him  as  calm  as  on  review."  His  speech  indicated  that  the  Ken- 
tuckians  could  not  hide  from  him  how  they  were  smarting  under  the 
necessity  of  falling  back  before  even  a  superior  force,  and  because 
their  position  had  fallen  into  the  enemy's  hands,  and  that  he  wished  to 
reassure  and  cheer  them.  "It  was  not  your  fault,"  he  said,  "my 
brave  boys,  it  was  not  your  fault." 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  69 

The  rigor  of  the  weather  was  still  unabated,  or  rather  it  was  even 
more  bitterly  cold  than  previously ;  and  the  men,  worn  out  with  the 
marching  and  fighting,  hovered  over  the  little  fires  which  they  ventured 
to  kindle  under  the  shelter  of  the  hill,  or  lay  around  them,  and  mood 
ily  repined  over  their  lost  advantage,  and  thought  of  what  they  did 
not  doubt  must  be  the  bloody  work  of  to-morrow.  They  reasoned 
that  the  -enemy  must  be  driven  from  their  lines,  and  rather  unreason 
ably  felt  that  this  was  necessary  to  ' '  maintaining  untarnished  Ken 
tucky's  name  for  undaunted  courage."  High-spirited  young  fellows ! — 
they  had  not  yet  learned  that  chiefly  in  defeat  and  disaster  and  long 
expatriation  under  divers  adverse  conditions,  was  it  reserved  to  them  to 
show  how  great  Kentuckians  could  be.  Those  who  lay  down  and  fell 
asleep  arose  with  aching  limbs,  numbed  with  cold,  and  real  rest  and 
recuperation  had  been  small  when  at  3  o'clock  on  Sunday  morning, 
February  i6th,  they  were  formed  and  marched  again  to  the  left.  The 
rumor  had  gained  currency  that  the  army  would  attempt  to  cut  its  way 
out  and  retreat  towards  Nashville.  Halted  in  a  ravine  southwest  of 
the  fort,  they  remained  an  hour  or  two  awaiting  developments,  when 
Colonel  Hanson  gave  the  order  to  right  about ;  and  then,  wrote  a 
member \)f  the  command,  "said  to  us  in  a  husky  voice:  '  Go  to  your 
places,  boys,  and  cook  something  to  eat.  The  war  is  about  over  for 
us ! '  '  This  was  the  first  announcement  that  the  battle  was  lost,  and 
that  they  were  now  captives.  They  were  put  under  guard  till  next 
day,  when  they  were  marched  to  the  river  and  embarked  for  Northern 
prisons. 

In  the  Brief  History  of  Individuals,  mention  is  made  of  the  killed 
and  wounded  of  the  regiment  and  its  battery  as  far  as  it  was  possible 
to  obtain  them  when  that  feature  of  the  work  was  planned,  or  as  is 
shown  by  certain  muster  and  pay-rolls  now  on  file  among  the  captured 
Confederate  archives  in  Washington.  To  say  that  the  ranks  of  the 
regiment  were  decimated  would  be  to  express  far  less  than  the  truth. 
As  for  their  efficiency,  that  is  best  attested  by  the  published  reports  of 
Federal  officers  with  whose  troops  they  came  in  direct  contact.  These 
show  that  they  were  destructive  much  in  excess  of  their  own  losses, 
though  they  were  without  cover  except  on  Thursday,  when  they  re 
pelled  the  repeated  assaults  of  a  strong  force  of  men  of  approved 
courage  and  remarkable  steadiness.  A  participant  in  every  action 
during  the  three  days  wrote  from  prison  to  an  absent  brother :  "  We 
fired  low  and  deliberately."  Experienced  soldiers  know  the  impor 
tance  of  heeding  at  least  that  part  of  battle  orders  generally  given  to 
new  troops  about  to  engage :  "Aim  low, "or  "Fire  at  the  enemy's 
knees." 

What  may  be  called  the  echoes  from  a  battlefield  are  often  strikingly 


70  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

indicative  of  the  character  of  commanders  and  men.  It  is  frequently 
difficult  to  trace  the  origin  and  transmission  of  these ;  but  to  a  certain 
extent  they  are  more  expressive  and  more  truthful  than  dispatches  and 
bulletins.  The  other  Kentucky  regiments  had  hardly  reached  Mur- 
freesboro,  on  Johnston's  retreat  from  Bowling  Green,  when  a  much 
discussed  topic  around  the  mess-fires  was  the  battle  of  Donelson  and 
the  Kentuckians  who  participated  in  it.  There  were  many  among 
them  who  had  acquaintances,  friends,  or  relatives  in  the  Second  Ken 
tucky  and  Graves's  battery;  and  of  them  and  their  deeds  these  echoes 
of  the  conflict  were  filling  the  camps.  They  took  shape  in  more  or 
less  coherent  and  credible  stories,  nearly  all  of  which  trumpeted  the 
praise  of  these  absent  comrades  or  signified  that  this  or  that  one  had 
earned  a  soubriquet  which,  in  soldiers'  mouths,  told  of  a  marked  char 
acter  or  expressed  admiration.  It  was  told  that  Hanson  had  perpetrated 
a  kind  of  double  entente  on  one  occasion,  grimly  connecting  his  crip 
pled  foot  and  heavy  shoe  with  that  strong  will  of  his  which  would  win 
a  battle  or  a  game  if  it  were  possible  to  win,  saying:  "Boys,  clubs 
are  trumps!"  And  the  name  "  Old  Flintlock,"  which  had  been  be 
stowed  upon  him,  acquired  now  a  new  significance  and  new  impor 
tance.  Graves,  too,  a  youth  of  less  than  twenty-four  years,  came  in 
for  allusions  that  would  have  led  the  unacquainted  to  suppose  that 
this  particular  hero  of  Donelson  was  as  old  and  as  wise  as  Priam  was 
when  Troy  fell.  And  so  on  of  others  at  that  time  less  known. 

In  the  gloomy  days  that  followed  the  defeat  of  Crittenden,  the 
fall  of  Fort  Henry  and  Fort  Donelson,  and  the  retreat  southward, 
the  consciousness  that  their  fellow-soldiers  of  Kentucky  had  made 
themselves  a  name  which  shone  out  despite  the  clouds  served  to 
console,  to  quicken  hope,  to  kindle  anew  the  martial  fire  in  those 
who  claimed  them  as  their  own. 

Here  the  Second  Kentucky  took  for  the  brigade  the  initiatory  in 
that  bitter  experience  which  followed  it  like  a  Nemesis  to  the  close. 

The  blind  believer  in  Fate  would  say  that  these  gallant  sons  of  Ken 
tucky  had  fallen  under  inexorable  decree  and  that  it  was  malevolent. 
Let  the  reader,  whether  prepossessed  in  favor  of  the  Southern  move 
ment  or  of  the  coercive  measures  of  the  Washington  government,  con 
sider,  with  what  impartial  spirit  is  now  possible  to  him,  the  conduct 
and  the  characteristics  of  these  men  and  their  trials,  and  say  whether 
they  were  not  typical  of  all  that  followed.  If  he  sees  aright,  he  can 
but  wonder  that  as  the  years  went  by  despairing  rage  did  not  move 
them  to  cry  out  against  circumstances  not  of  their  own  making,  that 
seemed  to  mock  their  courage,  laugh  at  their  constancy,  and  wanton 
with  their  blood.  Here  was  Buckner,  a  trained  and  experienced  sol 
dier,  with  the  confidence  of  the  army, — but  unhappily  subordinate  to 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  71 

others,  and  without  power  except  to  perform  the  part  assigned  by  oth 
ers.  How  well  he  did  it,  let  Federal  as  well  as  Confederate  writers 
and  archives  attest.  The  sturdy  and  heroic  Hanson,  and  the  knightly 
Graves,  who  of  himself  was  an  "  oriflamme  of  war"  and  needed  not 
helmet  or  plume  to  lead  others  "amid  the  ranks  of  war,"  but  could 
come  "looking,"  as  a  soldier  said,  "like  a  common  gunner,"  and 
rouse  his  fellow-countrymen  to  dare  anything  with  him, — these  and 
such  as  these  Kentucky  had  there,  and  during  these  terrible  days  how 
nobly  they  maintained  the  name  they  bore !  No  supineness  in  prepa 
ration;  no  faltering  in  fight;  no  tame  submission  to  repulse,  but  ever 
a  readiness,  even  an  eagerness,  to  regain  lost  ground  and  keep  their 
standard  well  to  the  front, — the  rank  and  file,  so  led,  fought  their  foes 
by  day  and  withstood  the  bitter  elements  by  night;  and  so  well  did 
they  do  what  they  were  set  to  do  that  up  to  the  very  hour  of  capitula 
tion,  notwithstanding  the  enemy  had  gained  a  lodgment  on  the  part  of 
the  line  which  they  had  left  with  the  troops  from  the  fort,  they- believed 
that  victory  was  theirs.  The  temper  they  had  shown  justified  the  con 
clusion  that  if  at  10  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  February  i5th  the  Con 
federate  army  had  marched  out  by  the  Charlotte  road,  as  it  could  have 
done,  w^th  Buckner  as  rear-guard,  his  Kentuckians,  (and  nothing  in 
vidious  as  to  the  others  of  the  division  is  meant  by  this — they  were 
gallant  fellows  all),  could  not  have  been  driven  into  precipitate  flight 
or  thrown  into  disastrous  confusion,  but  would  have  fought  and  fallen 
step  by  step,  all  day,  to  stay  the  rush  of  the  victors  upon  Floyd's  re 
treating  columns. 

But  this  privilege  was  denied  them.  They  stacked  arms  and  marched 
away  captive.  It  was  but  natural  that  they  should  contemplete  with 
some  bitterness  their  costly  sacrifice  in  blood  and  in  suffering  that 
brought  no  substantial  advantage,  but  consigned  them  to  prison;  yet, 
they  had  nothing  with  which  to  reproach  themselves. 

Note  the  career  of  the  brigade  henceforth.  Go  with  it  to  Shiloh, 
to  Stone  River,  and  to  Chickamauga;  follow  its  fortunes  on  that  long 
and  trying  campaign  in  which  Sherman  pushed  it  away  towards  the 
sea,  through  Georgia  and  South  Carolina,  in  its  efforts  to  narrow  the 
track  of  the  destroyer, — and  what  do  we  find  but  a  repetition  of  the 
fortunes  of  the  Second  Regiment  and  the  Kentucky  Battery  in  their 
main  features,  with  additional  and  intensified  evils  ?  These  men  were 
volunteers,  fighting  for  the  establishment  of  a  Government  in  whose 
principles  they  believed,  rather  than  for  one  of  their  own,  as  Ken 
tucky,  according  to  their  seeing,  was  now  in  the  gall  of  bitterness  and 
the  bonds  of  iniquity,  from  which  even  the  success  of  the  South  might 
not  relieve  her;  yet  they  fought  as  though  to  drive  an  invader  from 
their  own  doors  or  to  avenge  a  wrong  that  had  touched  them  above 


72  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

other  men.  Ever  faithful  as  they  were,  ever  prompt  to  attack  and 
loth  to  yield,  they  nevertheless  had  one  ever-present  grief;  though  they 
executed  their  part  in  all  operations  that  looked  to  the  discomfiture 
of  the  enemy  and  helped  to  win  victories;  bore  without  serious  com 
plaint  the  hardships  to  which  all  were  subjected  (though  many  in  less 
degree);  had  their  honored,  able  and  trusted  leaders  taken  from  them 
by  orders,  or  killed  leading  them  in  fight,  one  after  another;  red 
dened  every  battlefield  with  their  blood, — this  grief,  this  always  un 
answered  question,  was  with  them,  as  doubtless  it  was  with  the  brave 
fellows  who  were  floated  away  captive  from  Dover  wharf.  "  What 
does  it  avail  ?  After  we  have  done  all  and  borne  all,  where  is  the 
strong  and  cunning  hand  to  seize  and  keep  what  we  bleed  and  die 
for  ?" 

Of  the  prison  life  of  the  regiment  and  battery,  but  little  need  be 
said.  It  was  similar  to  that  of  all  others  at  that  period  of  the  war. 
Gen.  Buckner  and  Col.  Hanson  were  carried  to  Fort  Warren,  in 
Boston  Harbor;  the  line  officers  at  first  to  Camp  Chase,  then  to  John 
son's  Island;  and  the  non-commissioned  officers  and  men  of  two  com 
panies  to  Camp  Douglass,  the  others  to  Camp  Morton.  At  that  time 
prison  life,  either  North  or  South,  had  not  assumed  the  horrible  fea 
tures  that  afterward  characterized  it ;  and  the  confinement  and  surveil 
lance  were  disagreeable  chiefly  because  of  monotony;  of  restlessness 
away  from  their  comrades  in  the  field;  of  the  sore  discomfort  that  the 
free-born  feel  when  watched  and  guarded  and  in  danger  from  the  shots 
of  murderous  sentinels,  of  whom  some  were  found  in  almost  every 
prison — cowardly  creatures  who  were  strangers  to  the  manliness  of 
those  foemen  that  seek  to  kill  only  in  honorable  battle  and  respect  each 
other  when  the  battle  is  done.  To  give  even  the  more  interesting  de 
tails  of  this  prison  experience  would  require  a  volume,  and  this  cannot 
be  attempted.  These  Kentuckians,  though  they  had  been  overcome, 
in  connection  with  others,  were  not  subdued ;  and  to  them  any  en 
forced  confinement  was  so  hateful  that  it  was  natural  that  they  should 
lay  plans  to  escape,  either  singly  or  in  squads,  or  by  general  uprising. 
Many  actually  got  away;  and  all  would  have  done  so,  it  is  said,  had  it 
not  been  that  from  some  source  the  authorities  got  information  and  were 
prepared  to  prevent  the  execution  of  their  plans.  On  one  occasion  they 
made  a  march  in  force  over  a  weak  part  of  the  enclosure,  which  they  had 
discovered,  and  which  they  passed  without  difficulty;  but  they  were  met 
just  outside  by  a  body  of  Federal  troops  drawn  up  in  line,  who  had 
been  made  acquainted  with  the  design,  and  were  posted  there  in  readi 
ness,  both  to  prevent  escape  and  punish  for  the  attempt.  The  prison 
ers  had  managed  to  procure  a  few  arms;  but,  though  they  resisted,  its 
only  effect  was  to  cause  the  shedding  of  their  own  blood.  Such  of 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  73 

them  as  had  arms  returned  the  fire  of  the  soldiers,  hoping  to  find  but 
a  small  party,  which  they  could  succeed  in  driving;  but  they  speedily 
learned  their  mistake,  and  were  remanded  to  the  prison  barracks 
where  they  were  kept  under  more  rigid  control  than  even  before. 

INCIDENTS  AND  ANECDOTES  :    AT  AND  AFTER  DONELSON. 

I.  First  Men  of  the  Brigade  Killed. — When  the  detail  of  thir 
teen  men  made  the  gallant  little  fight  at  Whippoorwill  Bridge,  Decem 
ber  4th,  1 86 1,  against  Netter's  detachment,  which  outnumbered  him 
nearly  seven  to  one,  George  Campbell,  Co.  A,  and  Hatch  Jupin,  Co.  B, 
(Ninth  Kentucky),  were  killed.     These  were  the  first  of  the  brigade  to 
be  killed  in  action  ;  and  H.  B.  Nelson,  Co.  G,  (Second  Kentucky),  who 
fell  at  Donelson,  February  i3th,  1862,  was  the  first  to  be  killed  in  a 
great  battle. 

II.  Carson's  "Wrath  "When  Semple  Fell.— A  participant  in  the 
battle  says:  "As  the  eight  companies  of  our  regiment  came  up  on  the 
flank  of  B  and  G,  after  their  separate  charge,  and  these  were  endeavor 
ing  to  take  their  proper  places,  I  heard  Lieut.  Carson,  of  Co.  K,  call 
out  in  ringing  tones,  '  Forward,  men !  Avenge  Charlie  Semple's  death ! ' 
Though  of  another  company,  I  had  learned  to  like  Semple,  and  felt  a 
deep  pang  of  regret  that  so  gallant  a  soldier  had  fallen.     I  never  meet 
him  now  without  thinking  of  poor  Carson  (killed  at  Chickamauga),  and 
the  fierce  wrath  with  which  he  urged  on  his  men  to  avenge  his  friend 
and  brother  officer.     Semple  was  wounded,  but  not  killed  as  he  sup 
posed  ;  and  he  lives  to-day,  one  of  the  noblest  survivors  of  that  gallant 
band." 

III.  Still  Full  of  Fight. — When  Lieut.  Ed  Keene  was  mortally 
wounded  in  the  engagement  on  the  left  Saturday  morning,  Lieut.  Hig- 
gins  asked  permission  after  the  firing  ceased  to  take  his  servant  and 
carry  him  to  the  boat  and  see  that  he  had  proper  attention,  little  ex 
pecting  that  there  would  be  another  fight  before  he  could  get  back. 
That  afternoon  as  the  regiment  was  hurried  to  its  rifle-pits,  Adj.  Stake 
took  charge  of  Co.  B,  now  without  a  commissioned  office;  but  when  it 
rallied  on  the  crest  of  the  hill,  Hanson  put  Lieut.  Ed  F.  Spears  in  com 
mand  of  Co.  B,  so  that  he  led  both  B  and  G.     Wounded  as  Spears 
was,  (carrying  one  arm  in  a  sling),  "he  seemed  ready,  indeed  anx 
ious,"  wrote  a  member  of  Co.  B,  ^'to  lead  us  in  a  bayonet  charge  to 
drive  the  enemy  out  of  the  works  which  they  had  taken  from  us." 

IV.  Buckner's  Shot  at  Impertinence. — Though  Grant  treated 
Gen.  Buckner  with  characteristic  manliness,  there  were  not  wanting 
smart  fellows  among  his  officers  who  could  not  profit  by  their  chief's 
example.      As  Buckner,  with  his  faithful  staff,  stepped  on  board  the 
boat    that    was  to    convey    them  northward,    one  of  his  regiments 
raised  a  thrilling  cheer,  when  a   Federal  band,  apparently  in  derision, 
struck  up  Yankee  Doodle.     An   officer  afterward  asked   Buckner  in 
Grant's  presence,  and  in  a  very  sarcastic  tone,  whether  the  national 
air  did  not  revive  in  his  mind  some  pleasant  associations  of  the  past. 
"Yes,  Colonel,"  he  replied,   "but  it  also  reminds  me  of  an  incident 
which  occurred  a  few  days  ago  in  our  camp.     A  soldier  was  being 
drummed   out  of  one  of  the   regiments  for  a  serious  offense.     The 


74  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

musicians  were  playing  the  Rogue's  March.  '  Stop/  cried  the  fellow,. 
'  you  have  mistaken  the  tune.  Play  Yankee  Doodle;  a  half  million 
of  rogues  march  to  that  every  day.'  ' 

V.  Escaping  from  Camp  Morton.  —  From  the  diary  of  a  pris 
oner,  I  copy  a  few  lines  referring  to  escapes,  previously  noticed :   "  We 
had  some  rare  times  planning  to  get  away.     One  fellow  was  put  into  a 
trash  box  and  carried  out  by  some  negroes  captured  with  a  Mississippi 
regiment — and  these  negroes  were  as  true  to  the  Southern  cause  as  the 
best  of  us.     Once  a  collection  was  taken  up,  and  of  our  scanty  funds 
we  contributed  enough  to  bribe  a  Lieutenant  of  the  Guard  to  let  four 
of  our  boys  escape.    The  men  had  a  way,  too,  of  getting  out  at  night; 
and  the  sentinels  had  a  very  disagreeable  way  of  firing  into  camp  when 
anything  unusual  occurred.     Those  inside  would,  of  course,  lie  low 
while  this  was  going  on." 

VI.  Dying  in  Prison. — A  hospital  is  no  doubt  a  fearful  place  under 
any  circumstances;  but  when  the  inmates  are  prisoners,  suffering  and 
dying  away  from  home  and  friends,  it  beggars  description.     The  cries 
of  some  in  their  last  agony  are  heartrending.    "Where  is  my  mother?" 
"Oh!  tell  my  wife  to  come  to  see  me  before  I   die!"     "My  poor 
little  children !     Left  without  a  friend  on  earth !  "     These,  and  such  as 
these,  and  the  attendant  scenes — they  give  us  vividly  one  of  the  dread 
ful  aspects  of  war.     One  captive  brought  in  had  been  unable  to  tell 
his  name  and  his  command,  and  nothing  was  known  of  him  when  he 
died  except  that  he  was  No.  13. — From  a  Camp  Morton  Diary. 

VII.  A  Fratricidal  "War. — A  gallant  and  keenly  observant  soldier 
of  Co.  B,  Second  Kentucky,  to  whom  the  author  is  much  indebted 
for  valuable  information,  tells  of  a  singular  and  affecting  circumstance 
that  occurred  during  the  fighting  at  Donelson :  Oliver  B.  Steele,  of 
Henderson,  was  one  of  the   members  of  Co.   B,  Fourth  Kentucky, 
(afterward  a  lieutenant),  and  the  company,  as  hitherto  explained,  was 
then  part  of  Graves's  Battery.     Passing  one  day  over  a  portion  of  the 
field  from  which  the  enemy  had  been  driven,  Capt.  Graves  discovered 
a  young  Federal  soldier,  badly  wounded  and  suffering  greatly,  and 
learned  from  him  that  he  was  Ollie  Steele's  brother.     Graves  had  him 
removed  and  placed  under  shelter  of  the  rifle  pits  occupied  by  his 
brother's  company,  and  everything  possible  was  done  to  relieve  him ; 
but  his  wound  was  mortal   and  he  died  there.     A  somewhat  similar 
case  occurred  at  Shiloh  which  is  recorded  as  another  instance  of  the 
singular  relations    which  existed  at  that  time  between   members  of 
families,  while  the  ties  of  nature  were  still  strong,  though  brother's 
arms  were  turned  against  brother  in  the  terrible  strife.     The  writer, 
wounded  at  Shiloh,   was  helped  off  the  field   by  Assistant-Surgeon 
Newberryand  Ike  Martin,  and  the  way  to  temporary  hospital  was 
strewn  with  dead  and  dying  Federal  soldiers.     He  presently  noticed 
that  Newberry  was  scrutinizing  with  apparent  anxiety  the  countenance 
of  every  one  who  lay  near  the  road,  and  he  was  led  to  ask  why  he 
did  so.     The  reply  was:   "I  am  looking  for  Hiram!     Everywhere  I 
have  gone  with  the  infirmary  corps  to-day  I  have  been  looking  for 
Hiram !  "     This  was  his  brother,  whose  regiment  he  believed  to  be 
in  the  fight,  and  though  he  did  not  find  him,  he  learned  soon  afterward 
that  he  was  mortally  wounded  there  and  died  after  being  carried  north 
ward  to  hospital. 


HISTORY  OK  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  75 

VIII.  "  Whar's  'Baze'  ?  "—Captain  (afterward  Colonel)  McDow 
ell  and  Lieut.  Tom  Beaseman,  of  Co.  F,  Second  Kentucky,  went  to 
Donelson  with  a  joint  interest  in  a  negro  cook,  George,  who  was  at  the 
time  as  rank  a  Southerner  as  his  masters.     After  the  surrender  George 
was  talking  over  the  battle  with  a  German  in  the  Federal  army,  and 
indignantly  repelling  the  charge  that  his  Confederate  friends  had  been 
beaten.     "We  whipped  you,"  said  George,   "every  time   we  went 
after  you."     "  Yes,"  rejoined  the  German,  "but  we  caught  you  all  at 
last."    "  Caught  us  all,  did  you  ?  "  retorted  the  loyal  George,    "  Whar's 
Baze  ?  "     Now,  Beaseman  had  declined  to  abide  by  the  terms  and 
gotten  off  with  some  of  Forrest's  men  (though  he  was  captured  before 
he  reached  Nashville),  and  from  the  lofty  tone  of  the  negro  the  other 
thought  "Baze"   was  some  one  in  high  command  and  that   Grant 
hadn't  at  all  made  a  clean  sweep  of  the  Kentucky  contingent. 

IX.  Wouldn't  Take  His  Own  Medicine. — While  the  reserve 
companies  of  the  Second  Kentucky  were  under  fire  at  Donelson  for  the 
first  time,  the  boys,  who  had  to  stand  and  take  it  without  returning  as 
good  as  they  got,  very  naturally  dodged  and  ducked  their  heads  as  the 
bullets  zipped  by.     Col.  Hanson  called  attention  and  told  them  to  be 
steady — that  there  was  no  use  in  dodging,  as  when  they  heard  the 
bullet  it  was  already  gone  by.     Just  as  he  concluded  his  speech  one 
came  near  getting  him,  and  he  involuntarily  ducked  his  head.     This 
raised  a  laugh  at  his  expense,  which  he  good-humoredly  parried  with  : 
"  Boys,  yo^u  may  dodge  a  little  if  they  come  too  close." 


76  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 


CHAPTER  V. 

GEN.      SIDNEY     JOHNSTON'S     RETREAT     FROM     KENTUCKY. BATTLE     OF 

SHILOH. INCIDENTS    AND    ANECDOTES. 

It  has  been  noticed  in  Chapter  III  that  after  the  defeat  of  Zollicoffer 
and  Crittenden,  Gen.  Johnston  withdrew  his  ordnance  and  the  bulk 
of  his  army  supplies  southward  from  Bowling  Green,  by  rail,  and  was 
ready  by  the  afternoon  of  February  nth  to  leave  the  place. 

On  that  evening,  orders  were  received  in  the  various  regiments  of 
the  Kentucky  Brigade  to  march  out  on  the  pike  at  nine  next  morning, 
and  wait  for  further  instructions.  Rumor  had  already  been  busy,  and 
it  was  looked  upon  among  all  ranks  and  classes  of  soldiers  -as  certain 
that  Bowling  Green  was  to  be  evacuated ;  but  the  uncertainty  which 
must  always  rest  upon  the  minds  of  the  great  body  of  an  army  during 
the  execution  of  a  movement  was  to  the  Kentucky  troops  painful  in 
the  extreme,  for  it  had  been  whispered  about  that  Kentucky  was  to  be 
abandoned.  Those  who  were  in  the  confidence  of  the  general  officers, 
and  knew  the  facts  as  regarded  the  situation,  could  not  for  a  moment 
have  contemplated  an  advance  on  either  flank  or  front;  but  the  wild 
hope  obtained  with  many  that  it  might  be  the  initiatory  to  active 
operations  in  Kentucky;  that  the  disaster  at  Fishing  Creek  would  be 
retrieved;  and  Kentucky  be  yet  secured  to  the  Confederacy  by  some 
bold  stroke  on  the  part  of  the  commander.  The  troops',  whose 
homes  lay  in  the  direction  in  which  the  stores  had  been  sent,  had 
great  cause  to  fear  the  overrunning  of  their  own  territory ;  but  still, 
to  soldiers  who  have  but  a  feeble  and  indefinite  idea  as  to  the  value 
of  any  single  step  in  a  campaign,  the  thought  of  turning  their  faces 
homeward,  and  once  more  revisiting  the  land  of  their  love,  silences 
question  as  to  its  propriety  in  point  of  public  good;  and  whether  the 
General  blunders  or  is  guided  by  wisdom,  they  are  sure,  in  the  incep 
tion  of  the  movement,  to  be  in  accord  with  him,  as,  actual  knowledge 
of  the  real  facts  being  meager,  their  reasoning  is  largely  influenced 
by  their  feelings. 

From  a  similar  cause,  the  Kentucky  Brigade  experienced  nothing 
but  gloom  and  apprehension  on  that  morning,  when  drawn  up  on 
the  turnpike  awaiting  anxiously  for  the  order  to  determine  the  direc 
tion  of  the  march;  and  though  every  thing  seemed  to  point  that  way, 
it  was  with  sinking,  sickened  hearts  that  their  faces  were  turned  toward 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  77 

Bowling  Green,  and  they  realized,  in  all  its  force,  the  sad  fact  that 
their  homes  must  be  given  up  to  the  enemy.  A  thousand  painful 
fancies  thronged  their  minds,  and  lent  a  poignancy  to  the  grief  that 
they  would  have  felt  to  depart,  under  any  circumstances,  for  an  in 
definite  period,  from  all  that  was  dear  to  them  in  life.  They  were 
not  only  to  be  absent,  but  the  foeman  was  to  be  there.  Throughout 
the  length  and  breadth  of  the  State,  soldiers  in  actual  uniform,  or  the 
worse  enemy  born  and  reared  among  them,  but  opposed  to  them  and 
their  families,  would  swarm;  and  legal  restraints,  and  moral  restraints 
as  well,  were  measurably  removed.  What  had  they  not  to  fear?  What 
was  lacking  to  complete  to  their  minds  a  picture  of  wrong  and  op 
pression — of  insult,  danger,  suffering,  to  those  whom  they  had  hoped 
to  protect  ? 

The  first  day's  march,  however,  did  not  serve  to  awaken  them  fully 
to  all  the  bitterness  of  the  truth.  At  Bowling  Green,  they  reasoned, 
some  new  developments  might  take  place,  and  from  that  point  some 
speedy  march  upon  a  body  of  the  enemy  might  be  made  that  would 
change  the  relative  position  of  the  armies ;  and  though  they  went  for 
ward  in  a  half-despairing,  sullen  mood,  they  were  fain  to  comfort 
themselves  with  this  one  grain  of  hope,  that  Kentucky  would  not  be 
given  up  without  a  struggle. 

The  night  of  the  i2th  was  passed  in  the  huts  built  by  the  Second, 
Third,  and  Fourth  Regiments  at  Mill  Springs,  three  miles  below  Bowl 
ing  Green,  on  the  left  of  the  Nashville  pike.  The  next  morning 
marching  orders  were  received  which  dispelled  the  last  ray  of  hope,  as 
far  as  continued  occupancy  of  the  State  was  concerned;  and  the  Cen 
tral  Army  of  Kentucky  took  up  its  line  of  march  toward  Nashville, 
the  Kentucky  Brigade  constituting  rear-guard  of  infantry,  one  company 
of  the  Fourth  Regiment  special  rear-guard  for  brigade,  while  Morgan 
and  Biffle  moved  in  front,  and  in  call  of  the  infantry.  Gen.  Hardee, 
who  had  commanded  that  army  from  early  in  December,  was  still  in 
the  rear  with  the  remaining  cavalry  force  and  some  light  artillery. 

The  enemy  shelled  Bowling  Green  that  day  from  early  morning  until 
they  had  fired  the  dopot,  and  the  last  Confederates  had  retired— Gen. 
Hindman,  who  was  in  the  rear  of  Gen.  Breckinridge  on  the  march  of 
the  1 2th  to  Bowling  Green,  having  destroyed  the  bridge  across  Big 
Barren,  just  as  the  head  of  the  Federal  column,  now  in  pursuit,  had 
appeared  in  sight,  and  thus  prevented  their  immediate  passage  into 
the  town. 

The  difficulties  attending  the  retreat  were  great,  but  a  more  orderly 
and  more  successful  one,  under  all  the  circumstances,  was  perhaps 
never  accomplished.  Popular  indignation,  even  rage — blind,  but  full 
of  confidence  and  of  such  force  as  would  have  goaded  common  minds 


7g  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

into  desperation-was  poured  out  upon  the  head  of  the  commander. 
The  wintry  season,  inclement,  unpropitious  beyond  measure  for  such 
an  undertaking,  was  calculated  both  to  tax  the  skill  of  the  General,  and 
destroy  the  martial  ardor,  even  the  ordinary  morale,  of  the  troops. 
Dangers  menaced  the  retreating  army  as  much  as  hardships  marked  its 
course.  The  surrender  of  Donelson  took  place  on  Sunday  morning, 
the  1 6th,  and  Nashville  was  uncovered  twelve  or  fifteen  hours  before 
the  rear-guard  of  his  army  passed  over  the  bridge. 

Demoralization  almost  unavoidably  consequent  upon  the  state  of  the 
public  mind  and  the  nature  of  a  retreat  threatened  to  destroy  the  effi 
ciency  of  bodies  of  troops  who  could  not  have  been  spared  in  case  of 
an  attack.  And  the  state  of  the  weather— heavy  rains  having  set  in 
before  the  command  had  quitted  the  vicinity  of  Nashville— foreboded 
evil,  in  retarding,  if  not  arresting,  the  progress  of  the  army,  by  swollen 
streams  and  impassable  mud.  But  everything  went  on  with  a  regular 
ity  and  a  degree  of  order  that  seemed  to  have  been  the  result  of  cir 
cumstances  working  in  entire  harmony  with  the  plans  of  the  great 
General,  instead  of  having  been  adverse  at  every  step;  and  he  reached 
Corinth  with  so  little  loss  of  men  or  munitions  as  to  mark  him  one  of 
the  first  administrative  minds  of  his  age  and  country. 

But  to  return  to  the  more  immediate  notice  of  the  command  under 
consideration.  They  bivouacked  on  the  night  of  Thursday,  the  i3th, 
two  miles  north  of  Franklin,  the  capital  of  Simpson  county.  The 
weather,  which  had  been  for  the  last  two  days  comparatively  pleasant, 
turned  cold  during  the  night,  and  on  the  morning  of  the  i4th  the 
ground  was  covered  with  a  slight  snow,  the  wind  had  set  in  from  the 
north-west,  and  it  was  intensely  cold.  Preparations  were  made  for  an 
early  march,  but  upon  reaching  Franklin  a  halt  was  ordered  for  some 
purpose,  and  the  suffering  was  so  great  that  it  was  with  difficulty  that 
the  men  could  be  induced  to  keep  together.  Stragglers  from  the  ranks 
filled  the  town,  and  many  showed  themselves  already  adepts  at  pro 
curing  whiskey,  and  what  the  cavalry  afterward  taught  them  to  call  the 
"square  meal."  At  10  o'clock  the  march  was  resumed,  but  another 
halt  was  ordered  when  scarcely  out  of  sight  of  town,  and  unavoidable 
depredations  upon  private  property  began.  The  place  was  an  open 
lane,  where  no  cover  from  the  wind  was  afforded,  and  they  acknowledged 
the  force  of  the  trite  maxim,  that  "  necessity  knows  no  law."  Long 
lines  of  fires  speedily  appeared,  and  physical  comfort  was  secured  for 
the  hour  at  the  expense  of  the  consciousness  that  some  man's  rail  fence 
had  been  speedily  devoted  to  destruction.  They  finally  got  properly 
under  way,  and  reached  Camp  Trousdale  that  night.  This  consisted 
of  a  lot  of  frame  buildings,  at  Mitchellsville,  Tennessee,  just  over  the 
Kentucky  line,  which  had  been  used  as  quarters  for  the  Tennessee 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN    P.RIGADK.  79 

troops  recruited  in  that  section  of  the  State  during  the  preceding  sum 
mer.  The  night  was  one  of  the  most  disagreeable  that  they  had  ever 
passed.  The  cold  was  bitter,  and  not  only  was  fuel  hard  to  procure, 
hut  fires,  built  on  the  ground,  inside  the  houses,  were  intolerable  on 
account  of  the  smoke,  which,  having  no  proper  egress,  filled  them,  and 
drove  either  the  occupant  or  the  fire  from  the  building.  After  an  al 
most  sleepless  and  a  restless  night  spent  here,  the  march  was  resumed 
on  the  morning  of  the  i5th  (Saturday),  and,  after  traveling  twenty- 
seven  miles,  the  brigade  went  into  camp  about  night-fall.  The  cold 
was  still  severe.  On  the  afternoon  of  this  day,  it  was  rumored  that  a 
Federal  force  of  some  description  was  in  front  of  the  marching  column, 
and  hasty  preparations  were  made  to  meet  it.  The  men,  though  al 
most  exhausted  by  exertions  necessary  to  proceed  at  the  rapid  rate 
which  they  had  traveled  during  the  day,  were  nevertheless  prompt  to 
fall  in  and  march  to  what  they  deemed  the  threatened  front.  It  soon 
transpired  that  there  was  no  enemy  in  the  neighborhood,  and  the 
march  was  resumed.  Next  afternoon,  the  brigade  passed  over  the 
bridge  and  through  Nashville,  thence  five  miles  out  on  the  Murfrees- 
boro'  pike,  and  went  into  camp.  Intelligence  had  already  reached 
the  city  that  Donelson  had  fallen,  and  the  wild  rumors  which  heralded 
the  approach  of  the  Federal  transports  had  thrown  the  population  into 
a  frenzy  of  excitement,  and  a  widespread  demoralization,  which  threat 
ened  violence  among  the  people,  and  even  the  destruction  of  the  city. 
The  efforts  of  soldiers,  sent  in  for  the  purpose  of  restoring  order, 
availed  little,  and  confusion  reigned  triumphant  throughout  that  ter 
rible  night  and  the  next  day.  Property,  both  public  and  private,  was 
ruthlessly  destroyed  or  appropriated,  and  a  perfect  exodus  of  the  peo 
ple  seemed  taking  place. 

At  the  encampment  of  the  Kentucky  brigade,  too,  everything  was 
dreary  enough.  The  weather  had  undergone  a  change  during  Sun 
day,  and  now  the  rain  poured  down  continuously.  Having  arrived 
in  the  night,  the  tents  were  erected  in  a  careless  manner,  generally 
without  the  precaution  of  ditching,  and  consequently  afforded  little 
protection  against  the  storm.  The  comfortless  appearance  of  every 
thing  next  morning — men  whose  clothes  had  been  flooded  in  their 
tents  during  the  night,  hovering  over  the  smoking  pretense  of  fire, 
that  could  scarcely  be  coaxed  into  burning;  heaps  of  blankets  as 
thoroughly  drenched  as  though  they  had  lain  out  in  the  open  air;  the 
braying  of  uneasy  mules  and  the  swearing  of  teamsters  ;  pools  of  water 
all  around,  and,  in  some  instances,  inside  the  very  tents  from  which 
men  had  emerged;  a  lowering  sky  and  still  drizzling  rain — all  com 
bined  to  complete  a  picture  of  half-despondent  wretchedness  that  can 
not  be  described.  On  the  1 7th,  the  command  remained  in  camp, 


80  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

while  Gen.  Breckinridge  was  having  some  additions  made  to  the  trans 
portation  facilities  of  his  troops,  and  securing  quartermaster's  and  sub 
sistence  stores.  On  the  afternoon  of  the  i8th,  the  brigade  moved  five 
miles  farther  down  the  pike  and  encamped  till  the  2oth,  when  it  was 
marched  to  within  two  miles  of  La  Vergne,  and  thence,  next  morn 
ing,  to  Murfreesboro',  or  rather  a  mile  below  Murfreesboro',  and  en 
camped  in  the  enclosed  woods  to  the  left  of  the  Fayetteville  road. 

These  few  details  are  given  to  convey  some  idea  of  the  hardships 
and  exposures  in  camp  and  on  march  in  the  inclement  season  of  win 
ter,  which  the  brigade  encountered  almost  in  the  very  outset  of  its 
career. 

At  Murfreesboro',  Gen.  Johnston  was  joined  by  Gen.  George  B.  Crit- 
tenden,  and  the  army  was  reorganized  on  the  23d  of  February.  It  com 
prised  three  divisions  under  Generals  Hardee,  Crittenden  and  Pillow. 
Breckinridge's  brigade  was  designated  "  Reserve  Brigade,"  and  was 
made  to  consist  now  of  the  Third,  Fourth,  Sixth  and  Ninth  Regiments 
Kentucky  Infantry;  three  battalions  of  other  infantry  troops  under 
Lieut. -Cols.  Clifton,  Hale,  and  Crews;  First  Regiment  Kentucky 
Cavalry,  under  Col.  B.  H.  Helm,  Morgan's  squadron,  and  the  light 
batteries  of  Byrne  and  Cobb.  In  addition  to  the  officers  already  men 
tioned,  Gen.  Breckinridge  attached  to  his  staff  Capts.  Theodore 
O'Hara  and  A.  L.  Lindsey,  as  Assistant  Inspectors-General,  and  Dr. 
B.  W.  Avent,  as  medical  director. 

On  the  28th  of  February  the  march  southward  was  resumed,  and 
after  something  near  a  week's  delay  at  Decatur,  where  the  army  crossed 
the  Tennessee,  Gen.  Breckinridge  encamped  at  Burnsville,  Miss.,  on 
the  22dof  March. 

The  march  from  Murfreesboro'  to  Burnsville  was  attended  with 
little  less  suffering  and  little  more  of  interest  than  that  previously  de 
scribed. 

Nothing  of  special  historic  interest,  strictly  pertaining  to  the  Ken 
tucky  troops,  occurred  during  the  time  which  elapsed  between  the 
2zd  of  March,  when  tents  were  pitched  at  Burnsville,  and  the  battle 
of  Shiloh.  The  usual  routine  of  drill  and  camp  duty  went  on,  and  no 
means  were  neglected  to  improve  them  in  all  the  habits  and  general 
attainments  of  the  soldier. 

On  the  2pth  of  March,  Gen.  Johnston  announced  that  still  another 
reorganization  of  the  forces  had  been  determined  upon,  and  that  it 
would  be  known  as  the  "  Army  of  the  Mississippi."  A  division  was 
organized  and  placed  under  command  of  Gen.  Breckinridge.  This 
was  named  as  the  Reserve  Corps,  and  consisted  of  the  Kentucky 
brigade,  Statham's  brigade,  Bowen's  brigade,  Forrest's  regiment  of 
cavalry,  Morgan's  squadron,  a  company  of  cavalry  under  Capt.  Phil 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  81 

B.  Thompson,  which  had  reported  to  Gen.  Breckinridge  as  a  body 
guard  or  headquarter  scouts,  and  the  light  artillery  pertaining  to  each 
organization. 

On  the  afternoon  of  the  3d  of  April,  an  order  was  received,  the 
purport  of  which  was  that  the  Reserve  Corps  would  march  on  the 
morrow,  at  daylight,  prepared  "to  meet  the  enemy  in  twenty-four 
hours.".  Some  Enfield  rifles,  with  accouterments  and  ammunition, 
just  received,  were  distributed  about  nightfall,  to  displace  the  most  in 
ferior  guns  in  the  Kentucky  Brigade,  as  well  as  to  supply  those  who 
were  yet  without  any  whatever.  Rations  were  prepared  during  the 
night,  and  at  daylight  on  Friday  morning,  April  4th,  tents  were  struck, 
baggage  wagons  loaded,  aud  most  of  them  sent  immediately  to  Cor 
inth,  while  the  ordnance  and  supply  train  prepared  to  accompany  the 
troops,  and  the  march  began  which  was  to  result  in  one  of  the  most 
wonderful  battles  of  the  age.  They  went  out  by  way  of  Farmington 
and  Monterey — the  Reserve  Corps  numbering,  perhaps,  seven  thou 
sand  men,  of  all  arms.  After  a  hard  day's  march,  considering  the 
nature  of  the  ground  over  which  it  passed,  it  went  into  camp,  or 
rather  bivouac  (for  no  tents  had  been  brought  out  for  the  troops),  and 
during  the  night  the  rain  poured  down  almost  incessantly  from  1 1 
o'clock  till  daylight.  The  artillery,  or  a  portion  of  it,  was  late  at 
night  reaching  its  position,  as  much  of  the  road  passed  over  during 
the  day  had  been  ill  adapted  to  the  advance  of  the  heavier  pieces  and 
the  now  well-laden  caissons.  Next  day,  though  fair  for  the  most  part, 
was  more  unpropitious  for  military  movements  than  the  preceding, 
since  the  rain  had  rendered  the  roads  almost  impassable;  and  it  was 
not  until  near  nightfall  that  the  reserve  reached  the  point  which  it 
should  have  occupied  the  night  preceding,  according  to  the  original 
plan  of  Gen.  Johnston,  to  attack  on  the  morning  of  the  5th.  This 
was  near  the  junction  of  the  Burnsville  and  Corinth  roads  leading  to 
Pittsburg  Landing,  and  about  four  miles  from  the  river.  The  remain 
der  of  the  army,  consisted  of  three  corps,  under  the  respective  com 
mand  of  Gens.  Bragg,  Polk,  and  Hardee,  numbered  in  the  order  in 
which  we  have  named  their  commanders.  The  Third  Corps,  consist 
ing  of  fifteen  thousand  five  hundred  and  twenty-four  men,  was  tnrown 
well  forward  and  placed  in  position  for  the  attack,  which  was  to  be 
brought  on  by  Gen.  Hardee  next  morning.  The  First  Corps,  under 
Gen.  Bragg,  consisting  of  nine  thousand  four  hundred  and  twenty-two 
men,  was  formed  also  in  line  of  battle  a  quarter  of  a  mile  in  rear  of 
Hardee.  Gen.  Polk  was  formed  in  column  of  brigades  on  the  Corinth 
road,  with  its  junction  with  that  from  Burnsville;  while  Gen.  Breck 
inridge  lay  in  similar  column  on  the  Burnsville  road,  and  nearly  oppo 
site  or  on  the  right  flank  of  Polk.  The  troops  slept  on  their  arms. 
o 


82  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

The  night  was  clear,  calm,  and  beautiful  as  such  nights  always  are  in 
the  spring-time  in  such  a  clime;  and  the  broken  slumbers  of^the  pre 
vious  one,  together  with  the  fatigue  of  the  day  just  closed,  had  pre 
pared  them  for  sleep.  They  lay  down  early,  and  were  soon  lost 
in  slumber  that  was  to  be  the  last  one  of  earth  to  thousands  who 
gave  themselves  up  to  its  restoring  and  refreshing  embrace,  and 
were  awakened  next  morning  by  their  officers,  without  the  usual  re 
veille. 

Gen.  Johnston's  plan  of  attack — the  failure  to  reach  the  ground  on  the 
evening  of  the  4th,  as  he  designed,  that  he  might  have  ample  time  to  crush 
Grant  before  Gen.  Buell  could  arrive  with  the  Army  of  the  Ohio — the 
position  of  the  Federal  troops  between  Lick  and  Owl  Creeks,  the  nature 
of  the  ground,  all  things  of  this  kind,  in  fact,  have  been  so  often  de 
scribed,  and  so  dwelt  upon  as  to  have  become  trite,  and  we  feel  our 
inability  to  add  to  a  proper  understanding  of  the  situation. 

Sunday  morning,  April  6th,  was  one  of  the  most  serene  and  lovely 
of  the  season;  there  seemed,  indeed,  to  be  a  peculiar  stillness  pervad 
ing  everything,  even  to  the  birds  and  beasts,  for  though  the  sun  rose 
in  unclouded  splendor,  and  the  elevated  ridge  upon  which  the  reserve 
troops  were  bivouacked  glittered  in  its  dewy  robe,  everything  but  man 
seemed  to  be  drinking  in  delight,  instead  of  indulging  in  noisy  demon 
stration,  and  he  moved  almost  silently  about,  with  thoughts  bent  upon 
the  coming  storm. 

The  troops  of  Breckinridge  and  Polk  had  scarcely  time  to  take  their 
morning  meal  before  Hardee's  artillery  began  to  roar — slowly  at  first, 
at  a  single  point;  then  more  rapidly,  and  from  different  parts  of  his 
line.  Gen.  Breckinridge  had  orders  to  move  forward  as  soon  as  Gen. 
Polk  should  clear  the  road  in  front,  and  hold  himself  in  readiness  to 
strengthen  the  advance  lines,  or  attack  in  force  should  it  become  nec 
essary.  The  enemy  were  at  first  driven  precipitately  back,  but  the 
nature  of  the  ground,  most  of  which  was  covered  with  forest  trees, 
and  in  many  places  with  a  dense  undergrowth,  which  afforded  a  com 
plete  screen  from  observation,  enabled  them  to  recover,  in  a  measure, 
the  advantage  lost  by  the  carelessness  of  their  commander  in  allowing 
them  to  be  surprised.  They  hastily  reformed,  and  the  conflict  began 
to  rage  in  earnest.  Hardee  and  Bragg  intermingled.  In  a  short  time, 
Polk  had  sent  forward  one  brigade  to  support  Bragg's  right;  then  one 
to  support  his  left ;  then  the  remaining  two  were  led  against  the  enemy's 
strongest  point,  the  center.  Meanwhile  indications  were  plain  that  an 
attempt  was  being  made  to  turn  the  Confederate  left,  resting  on  or 
near  Owl  Creek,  and  Beauregard  ordered  Breckinridge  to  leave  the 
Kentucky  brigade  to  meet  that  movement.  It  thus  became,  for  the 
day,  a  virtually  independent  organization,  under  command  of  Col. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  83 

Robert  P.  Trabue,  of  the  Fourth  regiment.  The  following  is  the  care- 
mi  and  exhaustive  report  of  that  intrepid  and  capable  officer  : 

HEADQUARTERS  FIRST  KENTUCKY  BRIGADE,  RESERVE  CORPS, 
CORINTH,  Miss.,  April  15,   1862. 

Capt.  George  B.  Hodge,  A.  A.  G. — 

SIR  :  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  the  following  report  of  the  con 
duct  of  this  brigade  in  the  actions  of  the  6th  and  yth  instant,  at 
Shiloh,  and  during  the  few  days  succeeding : 

The  brigade  was  composed  of  the  Third  Kentucky  Infantry,  Lieut. - 
Col.  Ben  Anderson  commanding;  Fourth  Kentucky,  Lieut. -Col. 
Hynes;*  Sixth  Kentucky,  Col.  Joseph  H.  Lewis;  Ninth  Ken 
tucky,  Col.  Thomas  H.  Hunt;  Fourth  Alabama  Battalion,  Maj.  J. 
M.  Clifton;  Hale's  Thirty-first  Alabama  Regiment,  Lieut. -Col. 
Galbraith;  a  battalion  of  Tennessee  infantry,  commanded  by 
Lieut.-Col.  Crews;  battery  of  light  artillery,  Capt.  Edward  P. 
Uyrne;  battery  of  light  artillery,  Capt.  Robert  Cobb,  and  Capt.  John 
H.  Morgan's  squadron  of  horse — amounting,  in  all,  to  about  twenty- 
four  hundred  men,  exclusive  of  the  squadron,  which  did  not  receive 
orders  from  me. 

The  Reserve  Corps,  commanded  by  Gen.  Breckinridge,  having 
moved  on  Friday  morning,  at  daylight,  from  Burnsville,  in  the  rain, 
bivouacked  that  night,  after  a  day's  march  of  twenty-three  miles, 
near  Monterey.  On  the  next  morning,  shortly  before  daylight,  after 
having  been  exposed  to  the  rain  during  the  night,  the  corps  was 
moved  up  to  near  Mickey's  house,  where  it  became  necessary  to  halt 
until  the  roads  were  cleared  of  the  troops  in  front,  which,  occurring 
in  the  afternoon,  enabled  Gen.  Breckinridge  to  march,  on  the  neigh 
borhood  road  to  the  right  of  Mickey's  house,  to  a  point  within  three 
or  four  miles  of  Pittsburg  Landing,  where,  on  Saturday  night,  we 
again  bivouacked.  On  Sunday  morning,  the  6th,  having  advanced 
about  one  mile  from  place  of  bivouac,  with  this  brigade  leading,  the 
command  was  again  halted  at  the  intersection  of  the  "bark"  and 
interior  roads  until  the  front  was  cleared  by  the  march  forward  of 
a  portion  of  the  command  of  Polk  (who  was  to  precede  the  Reserve 
Corps).  When  this  occurred,  I  received  Gen.  Breckinridge's  order 
to  move  forward  in  a  condition  for  easy  deployment  in  rear  of  Folk's 
line,  and  almost  immediately  afterward  was  commanded  to  form  line 
of  battle  and  advance  in  that  manner.  The  line  having  been  instantly 
formed,  the  Third  Kentucky  on  the  right,  and  the  Fourth  Kentucky 
on  the  left,  with  the  batteries  in  the  rear  and  opposite  the  center,  the 
brigade  was  put  in  motion,  following  Folk's  command. 

*  See  Biography  of  Maj.  Monroe. 


84  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

Having  proceeded  thus  a  short  distance,  Breckinridge  communi 
cated  to  me  an  order,  just  then  received  by  him,  to  move  with  his 
two  rear  brigades  on  the  Hamburg  road,  which  led  far  to  the  right 
of  the  position  first  assigned  to  him.  He  at  the  same  time  directed 
me  to  continue  moving  forward  on  the  line  previously  indicated  [in 
clining  to  the  left  of  the  principal  line  of  battle],  in  the  rear  of  Polk, 
and  he  then  parted  from  me. 

Moving  forward  as  directed,  I  came  under  the  enemy's  fire  at  half- 
past  9  o'clock  A.  M.,  having  reached  the  verge  of  a  long,  crescent- 
shaped,  open  field  (which  was  without  fencing),  about  one  and  a  half 
miles  from  Pittsburg  Landing.  The  shot  and  shell  from  the  woods  on 
the  opposite  side  of  the  field  fell  thick  and  fast  around  us,  but  caused 
very  few  casualties.  Governor  George  W.  Johnson  and  Col.  Robert 
McKee,  volunteer  aids,  here  lost  their  horses,  when  the  governor 
shouldered  a  musket,  and  joined  the  company  of  Capt.  Ben  Monroe, 
Fourth  Kentucky. 

I  here  halted  the  command  for  an  instant  in  a  slight  depression  of 
the  ground,  and  rode  forward  on  the  open  field  to  ob'serve  what  might 
lie  before  and  around  me,  and  to  place  Cobb's  Battery  in  position, 
which  I  did,  but  it  was  afterward  moved  under  orders  from  some  one, 
and  without  my  knowledge. 

Shortly  before  this,  by  order  of  Beauregard,  I  had  detached  the 
Third  Kentucky,  Fourth  Alabama  Battalion,  and  Crews'  Battalion, 
with  Byrne's  Battery,  to  the  right,  to  support  Gen.  Anderson;  and  in 
the  engagement,  Lieut. -Col.  Anderson,  commanding  Third  Kentucky, 
and  Maj.  Johnston,  of  the  same,  were  wounded.  Captains  Stone, 
Pierce,  and  Emerson,  Lieut.  Bagwell,  commanding  company,  and 
acting  Lieut.  White,  of  that  regiment,  were  killed.  Capt.  Bowman, 
Adjt.  McGoodwin,  and  Lieutenants  Ross  and  Ridgeway  were 
wounded — the  adjutant  severely.  My  aid,  Charleton  Morgan,  was 
also  wounded  here,  and  my  volunteer  aid,  John  Hooe,  had  his  horse 
killed.  Not  having  been  specially  informed  of  the  casualties  that 
occurred  here  in  the  Alabama  and  Tennessee  battalions  and  Byrne's 
Battery,  I  am  unable  to  speak  definitely  of  them. 

The  examination  which  I  made  from  the  old  field  showed  it  to  have 
been  the  scene  of  recent  conflict,  but  at  that  time  our  lines  there 
seemed  to  have  been  broken,  and  no  troops  of  ours  were  in  sight.  It 
discovered  also  to  my  left  and  front  two  camps  of  the  enemy  still  oc 
cupied  by  his  troops,  and  I  saw  them  also  in  the  woods  across  the  field 
in  front  of  his  camps.  I  immediately  moved  by  the  left  flank  to  the 
left,  and  confronted  him.  I  had  scarcely  taken  my  new  position — in 
fact,  was  changing  the  front  of  the  left  wing — when  he  deployed  before 
me.  I  opened  my  fire  on  him  when  he  was  thus  employed,  and  soon 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  85 

received  his  in  return.  The  combat  here  was  a  severe  one,  and  lasted 
an  hour  and  a  quarter.  I  had  only  three  regiments  in  line  (the  Fourth, 
Sixth,  and  Ninth  Kentucky),  the  Thirty-first  Alabama  in  reserve,  and 
no  battery  at  command  (both  of  my  own  having  been  sent  further  to 
the  right,  at  which  point  we  seemed  to  be  pressed).  The  enemy  ap 
peared  to  outnumber  us  greatly.  Ignorant  of  the  topography  of  the 
country,  and  not  knowing  his  force,  I  was  for  a  while  reluctant  to 
charge;  and  as  he  was  in  the  woods,  too,  with  some  advantage  of 
position,  I  fought  him,  as  I  have  said,  for  an  hour  and  a  quarter,  kill 
ing  and  wounding  four  or  five  hundred  of  the  Forty-sixth  Ohio  Infantry 
alone,  as  well  as  many  of  another  Ohio  regiment,  a  Missouri  regiment, 
and  some  Iowa  troops,  from  all  of  whom  we  eventually  took  prisoners. 
It  would  be  impossible  to  praise  too  highly  the  steadiness  and  valor  of 
my  troops  in  this  engagement.  I  lost  here  many  men  and  several  offi 
cers,  among  whom  were  Captains  Ben  Desha  and  John  W.  Caldwell, 
severely,  and  Adjt.  William  Bell,  mortally  wounded,  all  of  the  Ninth 
Kentucky ;  also,  in  the  same  regiment,  Capt.  James  R.  Bright,  Lieut. 
1 .  L.  Moore,  and  Lieut.  R.  M.  Simmons  were  wounded.  In  the  Fourth 
Kentucky,  Capt.  John  A.  Adair,  First  Lieut.  John  Bird  Rogers,  com 
manding  Co.  A,  and  Lieut.  Robert  Dunn,  were  severely  wounded, 
•u  hile  in  the  Sixth  Kentucky,  Capt.  W.  Lee  Harned  was  wounded  mor 
tally.*  The  Thirty-first  Alabama,  on  the  left,  lost  several  officers  and 
men,  and  elicited  general  praise  for  its  gallantry.  During  the  engage 
ment  the  men  of  no  part  of  the  brigade,  at  any  time,  faltered  or  fell 
back,  while  the  enemy  had  to  reform  more  than  once. 

At  length,  after  having  extended  my  line  by  adding  my  reserve  to 
the  left  of  it,  and  obtaining,  as  a  support,  Gen.  Stewart  with  a  part  of 
his  brigade,  and  a  part  of  Gen.  Anderson's  command,  which  I  found 
in  my  rear  in  a  wooded  ravine,  I  gave  the  order  to  fix  bayonets,  and 
move  forward  in  double-quick  time  at  a  charge,  which  was  executed  in 
the  handsomest  manner,  and  with  complete  success.  The  enemy,  un 
willing  and  unable  to  stand  this  charge,  ran  through  their  camps  into 
the  woods  in  their  rear,  whither  we  followed  them.  They  were,  how 
ever,  too  badly  routed  to  make  a  stand,  and  for  several  hundred  yards 
I  moved  forward  without  opposition.  These  woods  intervene  between 
the  field  and  camps  I  have  described,  and  the  field  and  camp  in  which 
(.en.  Prentiss  surrendered,  and  are  about  three  quarters  of  a  mile  in 
\\idth.  Soon  after  having  entered  the  woods  I  found  the  ground 
broken  and  covered  with  a  thick  undergrowth,  so  that  I  was  obliged  to 
move  cautiously,  and  with  my  front  covered  by  skirmishers.  I  was 
likewise  delayed  and  embarrassed  by  some  Louisiana  troops,  who  were 

*See  history  of  companies  throughout  for  names  of  killed  and  wounded  in  this 
and  all  other  battles. 


86  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

off  to  my  left,  and  dressed  in  blue  colors  like  the  enemy,  as  also  by  a 
battery,  which  was  firing  across  my  front  from  the  right.  I  sent  out  an 
aid  to  learn  the  identity  of  the  Louisiana  troops,  and  a  detachment  to 
ascertain  the  character  of  the  battery ;  and  having  had  the  fire  of  this 
changed,  I  moved  forward  to  the  verge  of  the  field  in  which  Prentiss 
surrendered,  having  encountered  and  dispersed  a  regiment,  said  to  be 
of  Missouri,  and  taken  several  prisoners,  who  were  sent  to  the  rear. 

At  this  field  Gen.  Breckinridge  and  others  were  hotly  pressing  the 
enemy  on  the  right,  many  of  whom  attempted  to  gain  the  woods 
through  which  I  had  passed,  and  at  one  time  I  was  apprehensive  they 
would  turn  my  left,  but,  by  altering  my  position  and  delivering  sev 
eral  well-directed  fires,  they  were  turned  back  upon  their  camps,  into 
which  also,  for  some  time,  I  directed  my  fire  with  effect.  The  lines 
being  gradually — after  much  hard  fighting — drawn  more  and  more 
closely  around  this  camp,  forced  the  surrender  of  Preatiss,  who  seemed 
to  be  the  last  of  their  Generals  who  made  a  stand.  This  brigade  en 
tered  the  camp  nearly  simultaneously  with  Gen.  Breckinridge  and  others 
from  the  right.  I  was  halted  here  for  a  moment  by  order  of  Gen.  Har- 
dee,  and  directed  to  send  a  regiment  back  in  charge  of  the  prisoners, 
and  I  assigned  to  this  duty  Lieut. -Col.  Crews  (who  had  rejoined  me) 
with  his  battalion. 

Finding  the  troops  who  had  come  in  from  my  right  halting  one  or 
two  hundred  yards  in  my  front,  I  allowed  the  Sixth  and  Ninth  Ken 
tucky  Regiments  hastily  to  exchange  their  guns  for  Enfield  rifles,* 
which  the  enemy  had  surrendered,  and  I  then  moved  up  and  rejoined 
Gen.  Breckinridge,  who,  with  Statham's  and  Bowen's  brigades,  was 
occupying  the  front  line,  being  on  the  crest  of  the  hill  (or  high  land) 
overlooking  the  narrow  valley  of  the  Tennessee  River,  on  which,  and 
near  by,  was  Pittsburg  Landing. 

Having  been  halted  here  for  more  than  an  hour,  we  endured  a  most 
terrific  cannonade  and  shelling  from  the  enemy's  gunboats.  My  com 
mand,  however,  had  seen  too  much  hard  fighting  to  be  alarmed,  and  the 
Fourth  Kentucky  stood  firm  while  some  of  our  troops  to  the  front  fell 
back  through  their  lines  in  confusion.  In  Co.  D,  of  this  regiment,  I 
lost  at  this  place  eleven  men,  and  Lieut.  H.  M.  Keller,  of  the  Ninth 
Regiment,  was  wounded. 

From  this  position,  when  it  was  nearly  dark,  we  were  ordered  to  the 
rear  to  encamp,  which  movement  was  effected  in  good  order.  I  fol 
lowed,  in  the  darkness  of  the  night,  the  Purdy  road,  after  having 
reunited  to  my  command  Byrne's  Battery  and  the  others  of  my  troops 

*He  here  alludes  simply  to  those  of  the  Sixth  and  Ninth,  who  had  not  been 
supplied  when  Enfields  were  distributed  at  Burnsville,  on  the  evening  of  the  3d 
inst. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  87 

who  had  been  detached  to  the  right,  not  including,  however,  Cobb's 
Battery.  This  battery,  after  having  been  moved  from  the  position  in 
which  I  had  placed  it  (as  previously  stated)  maintained  itself  with 
extraordinary  gallantry,  as  I  am  informed,  against  a  large  force,  which, 
however,  killed,  in  the  contest,  nearly  all  its  horses,  and  killed  and 
wounded  thirty-seven  of  the  men.  Having  been  thus  disabled,  Capt. 
Cobb  moved  his  battery  off  the  field,  with  mules,  to  the  rear,  under 
orders  to  do  so,  all  danger  being  past. 

My  command  occupied  the  vacated  camps  of  the  Forty-sixth  Ohio 
and  Sixth  Iowa  Regiments,  on  the  Purdy  road,  near  the  bridge  over 
Owl  Creek;  but  the  tents  having  been  mainly  destroyed,  my  men 
were  again  exposed  to  rain,  which  fell  during  the  night.  The  camps, 
however,  were  rich  in  subsistance,  as  in  almost  every  thing  else,  and, 
after  a  bountiful  supper,  they  slept,  despite  the  rain. 

After  having  obtained  returns  from  the  whole  command,  I  myself 
rode  till  eleven  o'clock  p.  M.,  to  find  a  general  officer  to  whom  to  re 
port  for  orders,  and  then  sent  an  aid  (with  a  mounted  escort)  for  the 
same  object,  who  rode  all  night  without  success. 

Thus  closed  Sunday,  with  a  loss  to  this  brigade  of  about  seventy- 
five  killed  and  three  hundred  and  fifty  wounded. 

Early  Monday  morning,  having  caused  the  arms  to  be  discharged 
and  cleaned,  I  prepared  to  renew  the  contest.  Soon  hearing  firing  to 
the  right,  and  somewhat  to  the  front,  and  seeing  Gen.  Ruggles'  di 
vision  marching  to  my  rear,  to  form  off  the  right,  as  I  understood, 
and  being  also  informed  that  the  enemy  was  to  the  left,  I  ordered 
Byrne's  Battery  in  position  at  the  Owl  Creek  bridge,  and  formed  in 
line  parallel  to  the  road.  In  a  short  time,  my  volunteer  aid,  Capt. 
Samuel  Gray,  of  Kentucky,  whom  I  had  dispatched  to  the  front  for 
orders,  returned  with  directions  from  Beauregard  to  move  forward  to 
whatever  point  the  firing  seemed  heaviest.  I  accordingly  moved  for 
ward  on  the  road,  marching  by  the  flank  at  double-quick;  and, 
having  passed  Shiloh  Church,  leaving  it  to  the  right,  I  advanced  about 
three-quarters  of  a  mile  beyond  it.  At  this  point  I  met  Bragg,  who 
ordered  me  to  form  line  perpendicularly  to  the  road  and  to  the  left  of 
it,  which  I  did  by  fronting  the  brigade,  and  then  changing  front  for 
ward  on  first  battalion.  While  this  movement  was  being  made,  I 
rode  forward  and  placed  Byrne's  Battery  in  position,  on  a  slight  emi 
nence  or  ridge  at  the  edge  of  a  field,  behind  which  (and  at  its  base) 
the  change  of  front  would  bring  my  line,  thus  being  myself  at  the 
same  time  at  a  point  where  I  could  observe  the  execution  of  this  move 
ment.  In  this  position,  Capt.  Byrne  served  his  guns  with  skill  and 
gallantry,  silencing  one  and  greatly  damaging  another  battery  of  the 
enemy.  The  enemy's  right  wing  was  in  our  front;  and  for  four  hours, 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

in  the  presence  and  under  the  orders  of  Bragg,  we  checked  his  ad 
vance  at  this  quarter.  The  battery  of  Byrne  drew  the  continuous  fire 
of  several  guns  from  the  enemy,  by  which  I  lost  several  men.  It  was 
pleasing  to  see  with  what  alacrity  my  men  volunteered  to  aid  the  bat 
tery  as  its  men  were  wounded  or  became  exhausted. 

Meanwhile  the  firing  had  been  approaching  nearer  and  nearer  to  us 
from  the  right  and  center,  and  I  was  ordered  to  move  from  my  posi 
tion  to  the  support  of  these  points  of  our  line.  In  advancing  to  the 
right,  I  perceived  that  our  forces  were  passing  from  their  right  toward 
the  left,  while  the  enemy  were  moving  on  parallel  lines  with  them,  and 
in  a  corresponding  direction.  In  proceeding,  I  became  engaged  with 
the  enemy  in  woods  to  the  right,  and  a  little  in  rear  of  the  position  I 
had  just  left,  and  bordering  upon  an  old  field,  in  which  was  a  house 
that  seemed  to  have  been  used  as  a  forage  depot.  In  and  around  this 
the  enemy  seemed  well  posted,  in  strong  force,  though  much  con 
cealed  behind  logs  and  bags,  apparently  of  corn,  which  appeared  to 
have  been  arranged  with  that  view.  While  I  was  moving  to  my  new 
position,  the  Fourth  Kentucky  Regiment  and  Fourth  Alabama  Bat 
talion  by  Bragg's  order,  and  without  my  knowledge,  were  moved  out 
of  the  line  and  advanced  against  overwhelming  numbers  at  the  north 
side  of  the  field,  and  to  the  north  of  the  house  just  spoken  of,  being 
advised  that  they  would  be  supported  in  the  movement  by  Anderson's 
brigade.  At  this  time  I  was  with  the  Sixth  and  Ninth  (and  a  rem 
nant  of  the  Third)  Kentucky  Regiments,  on  the  west  side  of  this  field, 
and  to  the  west  of  the  house.  The  enemy  was  posted  in  the  form  of 
a  crescent,  the  inner  side  being  the  front.  The  Fourth  Kentucky 
Regiment  and  Fourth  Alabama  Battalion  having  approached  to  within 
one  hundred  paces  of  the  enemy's  line,  opened  fire  upon  him,  and  re 
ceived  in  turn  a  destructive  fire  from  both  the  wings  and  the  center.* 
The  contest  was  here  continued  for  about  twenty  minutes,  when  the 
enemy  fell  back  on  their  reserve,  and  the  regiment  and  battalion  pre 
pared  to  charge  them  with  the  bayonet ;  but  before  this  could  be  done 
the  enemy  again  advanced,  with  redoubled  forces,  and  they  fell  back 
on  Anderson's  brigade,  four  or  five  hundred  yards  in  rear.  United 
with  this,  they  again  drove  back  the  enemy,  and  thus,  forward  and 
backward,  was  the  ground  crossed  and  recrossed  four  times.  This 
engagement  is  represented  as  having  been  most  terrific,  and,  judging 
from  the  results,  could  scarcely  have  been  exceeded  in  the  courage 
and  heroism  displayed  by  our  troops.  Here  that  matchless  officer, 
Thomas  B.  Monroe,  Jr.,  after  performing  prodigies  of  valor,  was 
killed  near  the  close  of  the  scene.  Here,  too,  Adjt.  Forman  was 

*See  remarks  relative  to  this  part  of  the  engagemeut  in  the  biography  of  Col. 
Nuckols. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN   liRhiAhl.  89 

killed,  as  was  also  Lieut.  Dooley.  Lieut. -Col.  Hines,  whose  conduct 
was  most  cool  and  courageous,  was  here  slightly  wounded.  Senior 
Capt.  Joseph  P.  Nuckols,  who  had  been  mounted,  was  likewise,  after 
the  most  decided  coolness  and  gallantry,  severely  wounded.  Here 
also  were  wounded  Captains  Ben  J.  Monroe,  Tho.  W.  Thompson, 
and  James  Fitzhenry.  Lieut.  Thomas  Steele  was  severely  wounded  and 
afterward  made  prisoner,  while  Lieutenants  John  B.  Moore  and  George 
B.  Burnley  were  seriously,  and  Lieut.  Peyton,  slightly  wounded.  All 
these  officers  were  of  the  Fourth  Kentucky,  which  went  into  action 
Sunday  morning  with  431  men.  Many  officers  also  of  the  Fourth 
Alabama  Battalion,  whose  conduct  was  excellent,  were  among  the 
wounded — for  more  definite  mention  of  whom  reference  is  made  to 
the  report  from  that  command. 

And  here  also  fell  that  noble  patriot,  Gov.  George  W.  Johnson, 
after  having  fought  in  the  ranks  of  Capt.  Ben  Monroe's  company  (E, 
Fourth  Kentucky),  with  unfaltering  bravery  from  early  Sunday  morn 
ing  to  this  unhappy  moment.  Eventually,  seeing  that  they  must  be 
overpowered,  these  troops  were  withdrawn,  and  ordered  a  short 
distance  to  the  rear,  where  they  remained  until  reunited  to  the  com 
mand. 

With  the  Sixth  and  Ninth  Regiments,  on  the  west  side  of  the  posi 
tion  I  have  described,  I  was  hotly  engaged  for  an  hour,  at  and  during 
the  time  just- mentioned  above,  when  I  had  occasion  often  to  admire 
the  courage  and  ability  of  Colonels  Joseph  H.  Lewis  and  Thomas  H. 
Hunt,  as  well  as  the  steadiness  of  their  men.  Our  forces  here  were 
insufficient  for  a  charge,  and  seeing  the  enemy's  masses  moving  to  his 
right,  as  also  our  own  troops — being  ordered  by  Gen.  Breckinridge, 
to  whom  I  had  reported  here,  he  stating  at  the  same  time  that  he 
could  maintain  himself  to  the  right,  where  he  was,  but  that  the  ene 
my's  movements  required  more  troops  of  ours  on  the  left — I  followed 
the  movement  and  soon  reached  the  brow  of  a  hill  on  the  main  road 
to  Pittsburg  Landing,  and  about  one  hundred  and  fifty  yards  to  the 
right  of  Shiloh  Church.  At  this  point,  upon  my  instance,  Col.  Mar- 
maduke,  with  his  Arkansas  regiment,  united  with  my  command  in 
support  of  the  two  twelve-pound  howitzers  which  I  had  obtained  from 
Gen.  Polk,  some  three  hundred  yards  in  the  rear,  and  had  brought  up 
to  that  position.  The  fragmentary  forces  of  both  armies  had  concen 
trated  at  this  time  around  Shiloh  Church,  and,  worn  out  as  were  our 
troops,  the  field  was  here  successfully  contested  for  two  hours,  when, 
as  if  by  mutual  consent,  both  sides  desisted  from  the  struggle.  Shortly 
before  the  close  of  the  combat,  having  heard  from  one  of  my  aids  that 
some  troops  were  in  line  a  few  hundred  yards  in  rear,  I  left  Col.  Hunt, 
Ninth  Kentucky,  in  command,  and  galloped  back  to  urge  them  to 


90  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

come  up  (intending  with  such  a  reinforcement  to  charge  the  enemy 
with  the  bayonet),  but  I  failed  to  secure  their  assistance.  Returning, 
I  found  that  in  my  absence,  Col.  Hunt,  with  his  usual  gallantry,  had 
ventured  upon  a  charge,  but  found  the  enemy  too  strong  for  him,  when 
he  retired  to  the  west  side  of  Shiloh  Church,  where  the  command  re 
mained  long  after  all  other  troops  had  been  withdrawn,  except  a  small 
force  with  Col.  Tappan,  of  Arkansas. 

In  the  conflicts  of  this  day,  Lieut. -Col.  Robert  A.  Johnson,  after 
exemplary  conduct,  was  wounded  ;  Capt.  William  Mitchell  was  killed ; 
and  Capt.  George  A.  King,  and  Lieutenants  Gillum,  Harding,  and 
Schaub  were  wounded — all  of  the  Ninth  Kentucky.  In  the  Sixth 
Kentucky,  Lieut. -Col.  Cofer,  a  cool,  brave,  and  efficient  officer,  was 
wounded;  Capt.  W.  W.  Bagby  and  Lieut.  M.  E.  Aull  were  mortally 
wounded ;  Captains  D.  E.  McKendree  and  John  G.  Hudson  were 
likewise  wounded,  as  were  also  Lieutenants  L.  M.  Tucker  and  Charles 
Dawson,  the  last  named  of  whom  was  taken  prisoner.  The  Thirty-first 
Alabama  Regiment  behaved  with  praiseworthy  gallantry.  And  here, 
though  out  of  place,  I  will  mention  that  of  the  Ninth  Regiment  four 
color  corporals  were  killed,  and  three  color  corporals  and  the  color 
sergeant  were  wounded. 

Late  in  the  evening,  my  command  being  reunited,*  we  rejoined 
Gen.  Breckinridge,  with  Statham's  brigade,  and  halted  at  the  junction 
of  two  roads,  both  apparently  leading  from  Pittsburg  Landing,  and 
about  one  and  a  half  miles  west  of  Shiloh  Church,  in  the  direction  of 
Corinth. 

With  this  force  and  some  cavalry  Gen.  Breckinridge  undertook  to 
check  any  pursuit  of  our  retiring  army,  and  cover  the  retreat.  This 
was  a  hard  duty,  exposed  as  the  command  had  been,  and  wasted  as 
they  were  by  the  loss  of  more  than  half  their  numbers ;  but  the  Gen 
eral  was  equal  to  the  great  undertaking,  and  his  officers  and  men 
shared  his  devotion  to  duty. 

Here  we  bivouacked  in  the  mud,  and  were  exposed  to  the  rain 
which  fell  during  the  night.  Gen.  Breckinridge  had  in  some  way 
provided  subsistence  for  the  command,  sufficient  for  the  night  and 
morning. 

The  enemy  did  not  appear  that  night,  and  the  next  morning  we' 
slowly  moved  off  three  miles,  to  Mickey's  house,  taking  with  us  the 
wounded,  whom  we  found  in  abandoned  wagons  and  in  the  houses  on 

*  Col.  Hunt,  being  senior,  was  left,  as  stated,  in  command  of  the  Sixth  and 
Ninth,  and  had  the  honor,  as  chief  in  command  of  the  two  regiments,  of  firing 
the  farewell  shot — his  being  the  last  fighting  of  that  eventful  day.  "  Long  after 
all  other  troops  had  been  withdrawn,"  as  Col.  Trabue  remarks,  he  was  reunited 
with  the  remainder  of  the  brigade. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  91 

the  road-side,  as  well  as  some  captured  property,  which  had  been 
abandoned  by  other  Confederate  troops.  Arrived  at  Mickey's  house, 
(where  was  aiarge  hospital,  with  four  or  five  hundred  wounded  men, 
a  part  of  whom  were  Federal  prisoners),  we  remained  there  three 
days,  laboriously  engaged  in  removing  the  wounded,  burying  the 
dead,  and  sending  forward  captured  property.  All  having  been  ac 
complished,  upon  receiving  orders  from  Beauregard,  Breckinridge 
with  his  command  moved  into  Corinth,  arriving  there  on  Friday. 

While  at  Mickey's  house,  we  had  been  advantageously  posted  to 
avoid  surprise  and  repel  attack.  On  Tuesday,  Gen.  Sherman's  brig 
ade  of  the  enemy  came  tp  within  a  mile  and  a  half  of  us,  but,  being 
attacked  by  our  cavalry,  which  Breckinridge  had  stationed  in  the  rear, 
that  brigade  was  routed,  losing  forty  or  fifty  killed,  and  about  seventy- 
five  prisoners,  who  were  sent  to  Corinth. 

Here  I  must  be  permitted  to  bear  testimony  to  the  resolution, 
ability,  and  endurance  of  Gen.  Breckinridge,  which  in  these  last  days 
were  severely  taxed,  but  were  not  wanting  to  the  demands  of  the  oc 
casion. 

Thus  I  have  given  an  account  of  the  conduct  of  this  brigade,  in 
the  battle  of  the  6th  and  ;th  instants,  and  in  the  three  or  four  days 
succeeding.  I  cannot  too  highly  commend  the  gallantry  and  steadi 
ness  of  these  brave  men. 

The  courage,  coolness,  and  ability  of  Col.  Hunt,  of  the  Ninth  Ken 
tucky,  were  conspicuous,  as  were  also  those  of  his  lieutenant- 
colonel,  Robert  A.  Johnston,  who  was  wounded  on  Monday  morn 
ing,  but  kept  his  place.  No  man  could  have  possessed  more  gallantry 
than  was  shown  by  Col.  Lewis,  of  the  Sixth  Kentucky,  and  his 
lieutenant-colonel,  Gofer.  Major  Hays,  too,  of  the  same 
regiment,  behaved  well.  I  had  occasion  often  to  remark 
the  self-possession  and  ability  of  Lieut. -Col.  Hynes,  in  com 
mand  of  the  Fourth  Kentucky  (who  was  wounded,  but  did 
not  leave  the  field),  as  also  the  conduct  of  Capt.  Joseph  P. 
Nuckols,  of  this  regiment  (who  had  been  mounted).  The  conduct  of 
the  lamented  Monroe,  Major  of  this  regiment,  was  unsurpassed,  and 
challenged  the  admiration  of  all.  The  conduct  of  Lieut. -Col.  Ander 
son,  commanding  the  Third  Kentucky,  is  reported  to  me  by  one  of  my 
aids  as  having  been  extremely  gallant,  as  was  that  of  Maj.  Johnson, 
both  of  whom  were  wounded.  Lieut.-Col.  Crews,  commanding  Ten 
nessee  Battalion,  behaved  well.  Maj.  Clifton,  commanding  Alabama 
Battalion,  detached  from  me  early  on  Sunday,  did  not  again  come  un 
der  my  notice,  but  is  said  to  have  done  his  duty.  Lieut.-Col.  Gal- 
braith,  commanding  Thirty-first  Alabama  Regiment,  executed  to  my 
satisfaction,  several  orders  I  gave  him,  and  in  the  early  fight  Sunday,. 


92  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

although  not  drilled,  his  regiment  did  excellent  service.  Capt.  Byrne, 
as  I  have  already  said,  managed  his  battery  with  skill,  and  fought  with 
great  gallantry.  Capt.  Cobb,  commanding  light  battery,  unfortu 
nately  lost  most  of  his  horses  and  two  of  his  pieces,  but  is  represented 
to  me  as  having  fought  with  great  courage  and  skill.  Capt.  John  H. 
Morgan,  with  his  squadron,  was  not  under  my  immediate  control,  and 
has  only  to-day  returned  from  the  scene  of  conflict.  On  receiving 
his  report  I  will  add  a  supplement  to  this.  His  conduct  is  represented 
to  have  been  such  as  all  expected  of  so  gallant  a  commander. 

The  captains  and  subalterns  of  the  command  who  fought  with  dis 
tinguished  courage,  are  too  numerous  to  be  mentioned  in  this  report. 
Regimental  reports  are  referred  to  for  justice  to  them.  It  may  not  be 
out  of  place  to  say.  however,  that  the  Third  Kentucky  came  from  the 
battlefield  and  from  Mickey's  house,  under  command  of  Lieut.  C.  H. 
Meshew. 

I  am  under  obligations  to  my  Adjutant,  Joe  Linden  Robertson,  and 
my  volunteer  aids,  Samuel  Gray,  John  Hooe,  Tho.  B.  Darragh, 
Robert  W.  McKee,  and  Charlton  Morgan,  all  of  Kentucky  (the  last 
of  whom  was  wounded  on  Sunday  morning),  and  Charles  J.  Mastin, 
of  Alabama,  all  of  whom  exhibited  decided  gallantry. 

But  I  have  to  mourn  the  loss  of  many  who  were  very  dear  to  the 
command,  among  whom  Maj.  Monroe  is  very  deeply  lamented.  He 
fell  nobly  at  his  post.  No  officer  of  his  rank  could  have  been  his  su 
perior,  and  no  man  in  the  army  could  have  possessed  more  merit  as  a 
gentleman.  At  the  same  place  fell  Governor  George  W.  Johnson, 
whose  death  will  be  mourned  by  thousands  of  his  countrymen. 

The  command  went  into  action  with  something  less  than  2,400  men, 
and  the  table  of  casualties  shows  an  aggregate  loss  of  844.  The  list 
of  missing  is  ninety-seven,  all  of  whom  were  probably  killed  or 
wounded. 

The  losses  of  the  different  regiments,  etc.,  were  as  follows  : 

Third  Kentucky  Regiment 174 

Fourth  Kentucky  Regiment 213 

Sixth  Kentucky  Regiment 108 

Ninth    Kentucky   Regiment 134 

Hale's  Thirty-first  Alabama 79 

Clifton's  Alabama  Battalion 30 

Crews'   Tennessee  Battalion 55 

Cobb's  Battery 37 

Byrne's   Battery 14 

Total 844 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  93 

All  the  horses  of  the  command  belonging  to  the  field  and  staff  en 
gaged  in  the  action,  with  one  or  two  exceptions,  were  either  killed  or 
wounded.  Respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

R.  P.  TRABUE, 

Colonel  Fourth  Kentucky,  Commanding  Brigade. 

The  preceding  report,  it  will  be  observed,  gives  a  close  account  of 
the  action  taken  by  all  those  troops  that  constituted  the  brigade  proper, 
but  Gen.  Breckinridge  and  his  staff,  separated  from  it  nearly  all  day  of 
the  6th,  as  explained,  are  necessarily  merely  referred  to  as  regards  the 
operations  of  that  day ;  and  in  order  to  a  just  view  of  their  action  dur 
ing  that  time,  we  quote  the  following  from  Gen.  Hodge: 

"Two  o'clock  had  arrived,  and  the  whole  army  was  now,  or  had 
been,  for  hours  engaged,  with  the  exception  of  Bowen's  and  Statham's 
brigades  of  the  Reserve  Corps.  The  enemy  had  been  driven  through 
and  from  half  of  his  camps,  but  refused  to  give  back  further.  Having 
given  way  on  his  right  and  left  wings,  he  had  massed  his  force  heavily 
in  the  center,  and  poured  an  almost  unintermitting  hail  of  fire,  mur 
derous  beyond  description,  from  his  covert  of  trees  and  bushes,  when 
Gen.  Breckinridge  was  ordered  up  to  break  his  line.  Having  been 
most  of  the  day  in  observation  on  the  Hamburg  road,  marching  in  col 
umn  of  regiments,  the  reserve  was  now  moved  by  the  left  flank,  until 
opposite  the  point  of  attack,  then  deployed  rapidly  into  line  of  battle, 
Statham's  brigade  forming  the  right  and  Bowen's  the  left.  The  long- 
slope  of  the  ridge  was  here  abruptly  broken  by  a  succession  of  small 
hills  or  undulations  of  about  fifty  feet  in  height,  dividing  the  rolling 
country  from  the  river  bottom  ;  and  behind  the  crest  of  the  last  of  these 
the  enemy  was  concealed.  Opposite  them,  at  the  distance  of  seventy- 
five  yards,  was  another  long  swell  or  hillock,  the  summit  of  which  it 
was  necessary  to  attain  in  order  to  open  fire,  and  to  this  elevation  the 
reserve  moved  in  order  of  battle  at  a  double-quick.  In  an  instant  the 
opposing  height  was  one  sheet  of  flame.  Battle's  Tennessee  regiment, 
on  the  extreme  right,  gallantly  maintained  itself,  pushing  forward  un 
der  a  withering  fire,  and  establishing  itself  well  in  advance.  Little's 
Tennessee  regiment,  next  to  it,  delivered  its  fire  at  random  and  ineffi 
ciently,  became  disordered,  and  retired  in  confusion  down  the  slope. 
Three  times  it  was  rallied  by  its  Lieutenant-Colonel,  assisted  by  Col.  T. 
T.  Hawkins,  aid-de-camp  to  Gen.  Breckinridge,  and  by  the  Adjutant- 
General,  and  carried  up  the  slope,  only  to  be  as  often  repulsed  and 
driven  back ;  the  regiment  of  the  enemy  opposed  to  it,  in  the  intervals, 
directing  an  oblique  fire  upon  Battle's  regiment,  now  contending 
against  overwhelming  odds. 

"The  crisis  of  the  contest  had  come — there  were  no  more  reserves, 


•94  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

and  Gen.  Breckinridge  determined  to  charge.  Calling  the  staff  around 
him,  he  communicated  to  them  his  intentions,  and  remarked  that  he, 
with  them,  would  lead  it.  They  were  all  Kentuckians,  and  though  it 
was  not  their  privilege  to  fight  that  day  with  the  Kentucky  Brigade, 
they  were  yet  men  who  knew  how  to  die  bravely  among  strangers,  and 
some,  at  least,  would  live  to  do  justice  to  the  rest.  The  Commander- 
in-chief,  Gen.  Johnston,  rode  up  at  this  juncture,  and  learning  the  con 
templated  movement,  determined  to  accompany  it.  Placing  himself 
on  the  left  of  Little's  regiment,  his  commanding  figure  in  full  uniform, 
conspicuous  to  every  eye,  he  waited  the  signal.  Gen.  Breckinridge, 
disposing  his  staff  along  the  line,  rode  to  the  right  of  the  same  regi 
ment;  then  with  a  wild  shout,  which  rose  high  above  the  din  of  battle, 
on  swept  the  line  through  a  storm  of  fire,  over  the  hill,  across  the  in 
tervening  ravine,  and  up  the  slope  occupied  by  the  enemy.  Nothing 
could  withstand  it.  The  enemy  broke  and  fled  for  half  a  mile,  hotly 
pursued,  until  he  reached  the  shelter  of  his  batteries.  Well  did  the 
Kentuckians  sustain  that  day  their  honor  and  their  fame  !  Of  the  litttle 
band  of  officers  who  started  on  that  forlorn  hope  but  one  was  un 
scathed,  the  gallant  Breckinridge  himself.  Col.  Hawkins  was  wounded 
in  the  face;  Capt.  Allen's  leg  was  torn  to  pieces  by  a  shell;  the  horses 
of  the  fearless  boy,  J.  Cabell  Breckinridge,  and  of  the  Adjutant-Gen 
eral  were  killed  under  them,  and  Gen.  Johnston  was  lifted,  dying, 
from  his  saddle.  It  may  well  be  doubted  whether  the  success,  brilliant 
as  it  was,  decisive  as  it  was,  compensated  for  the  loss  of  the  great  cap 
tain 

"The  general  repulse  of  the  enemy  had  now  thrown  the  reserve  on 
the  extreme  right  of  the  Confederate  line.  Far  on  the  left  was  heard 
the  musketry  of  the  Kentucky  Brigade,  and  the  roar  of  its  artillery, 
as  it  pushed  its  columns  forward.  It  was  fighting  its  way  to  its  gal 
lant  general,  and  the  hour  was  drawing  near  when  they  were  to  meet 
in  the  pride  of  glorious  success.  Capt.  Byrne,  of  the  Kentucky  Bat 
tery,  riding  on  the  flank,  observed  heavy  bodies  of  the  enemy  in  rear 
of  his  line,  from  which  he  was  constantly  drawing  fresh  supplies  of 
men,  and  thus  was  enabled  to  maintain  his  ground.  Obtaining  per 
mission  of  Bragg,  he  changed  position  of  his  pieces,  and  then  threw 
discharge  after  discharge  of  spherical  case  shot  and  shell  among  them. 
The  effect  was  magical.  The  right  of  the  enemy  broke  and  fled,  the 
center  followed,  then  the  left  wing;  and  charging  along  the  whole  line 
the  Confederate  army  swept  through  the  camps  of  the  enemy,  captur 
ing  three  thousand,  and  driving  the  Federal  force  cowering  beneath 
the  shelter  of  the  iron-clad  gunboats.  Then  and  there,  in  the  full 
fruition  of  success,  the  Kentucky  Brigade  and  its  general  met  for  the 
first  time  during  that  bloody  day  since  their  separation  in  the  morn- 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  95 

ing,  both  covered  with  glory,  both  proud  of  and  gratified  with  each 
other." 

It  will  be  observed  that,  more  than  is  usually  the  case  in  battle,  the 
fighting  of  the  Kentucky  troops,  on  these  two  momentous  days,  was 
by  separate  detachments.  Regiments  and  batteries  made  a  kind  of 
individual  record  of  their  own ;  and  it  would  be  impossible,  on  that 
account,  to  enter  into  detailed  notices  of  the  many  incidents,  of  various 
nature,  connected  with  each,  as  this  would  require  a  volume  of  itself. 
The  reader  will  find  frequent  allusions  to  them  in  the  biographies  and 
the  short  personal  sketches  and  incidents  that  follow  this  chapter. 

On  Monday  afternoon  the  great  battle  had  been  fought — and  lost. 
The  trials,  responsibilities,  and  sufferings  of  the  Kentuckians  were 
not  over,  however.  The  brigade  had  preserved  its  organization  in 
such  a  remarkable  degree  that  its  services  were  in  demand  to  do  a 
greatly  disproportionate  part  in  the  work  of  protecting  the  rear  of 
the  retreating  army.  In  the  language  of  Col.  Trabue,  "It  was  a 
great  undertaking.'' 

Encamping  that  night  without  shelter,  in  the  rain  and  mud,  upon 
the  very  verge  of  the  battlefield,  now  held  by  a  powerful  and  vic 
torious  enemy,  officers  and  men  lay  upon  their  arms ;  and  next  day 
it  moved  out  slowly,  gathering  up  abandoned  property  and  wounded 
men;  halted  again  almost  within  cannon  shot  of  the  enemy,  and 
went  to  work  to  bury  the  dead  found  along  the  road  and  at  the 
field-hospital,  and  to  send  forward  the  wounded,  the  prisoners,  and 
captured  property;  and  at  last  withdrew  under  Gen.  Breckinridge's 
orders  to  Corinth,  arriving  there  Friday  morning,  one  week  from  the 
time  it  had  set  out  for  Burnsville. 

Many  and  many  a  noble  heart  that  beat  high  with  hope,  and  with 
the  pride  that  the  expectation  of  great  achievements  naturally  inspires, 
was  now  stilled  in  death.  These,  our  slain,  lay  in  soldiers'  graves, 
scattered  promiscuously,  and  with  no  mark  even  so  much  as  to  name 
them,  and  say  to  future  generations  that  such  and  such  a  one  sleeps 
here.  The  victory  that  the  very  first  blow  promised,  and  that  seemed, 
to  all  who  lived  till  nightfall  on  the  6th,  almost  within  their  grasp, 
had  been  snatched  from  them,  and  their  dead  comrades  were  now 
mourned  as  those  who  shed  their  blood  in  vain.  The  living  had 
reached  Corinth  after  almost  unparalleled  hardships,  and,  having  wit 
nessed  the  most  heartrending  scenes  after  the  battle  was  over,  in  the 
suffering  of  the  wounded,  who  were  slowly  and  with  extreme  difficulty 
carried  to  that  place  by  every  means  of  conveyance  at  the  command 
of  the  Confederate  officers.  The  almost  constant  rain,  the  horrid 
condition  of  the  roads,  the  absence  of  every  comfort  that  a  wounded 
man  so  much  needs,  made  the  lot  of  these  poor  sufferers  dreadful  be- 


9C  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

yond  expression.  To  complete  the  discomfiture  of  the  Army  of  the 
Mississippi,  their  great  captain  was  no  more ;  and  they  felt  now  that 
there  had  been  a  "giant  in  the  land,"  and  that  there  was  no  one  left 
who  could  restore  their  broken  strength  as  he  could  have  done,  nor 
lead  them  as  he  had  led.  Just  as  light  seemed  to  be  about  to  dispel 
the  darkness  that  for  some  months  had  been  settling  over  the  Confed 
eracy,  the  hand  of  the  Almighty  wrote  the  doom  of  the  new  Republic. 
With  Johnston  here,  and  Lee  in  Virginia,  unopposed  by  the  decree  of 
Him  who  rules  the  nations  of  the  earth,  no  human  power  at  the  dis 
posal  of  the  United  States  Government  could  have  stayed  the  onward 
and  triumphant  march  of  the  Confederate  Armies ;  but  one  touch — a 
ball  sped  perhaps  at  random — send  one  of  the  greatest  generals  of 
modern  days,  who  seemed  to  hold  the  fate  of  a  nation  in  his  hand, 
dropped  the  reins  of  his  charger  some  minutes  after  he  had  received  a 
stroke  that  he  had  scarcely  noticed,  reeled  into  the  arms  of  Gen. 
Preston,  and  was  presently  no  more. 

No  studied  disquisition  is  needed  to  portray  the  conduct  of  Ken- 
tuckians  on  that  field,  and  the  traits  indicated  by  that  conduct.  How 
ever  tried  they  had  proved  true,  and  displayed  the  highest  soldierly 
qualities.  Intelligent,  well-trained,  intrepid  in  action,  steady  under 
blows  which  they  could  not  return,  actively  humane  when  good  offices 
could  be  extended  to  a  wounded  enemy ;  bearing  with  unflinching 
fortitude  the  hardships  of  a  week's  marching  and  more  than  their  share 
of  labor  and  of  watching  by  night  and  by  day, — all  this  was  seen  and 
acknowledged  by  those  in  position  to  judge,  and  lauded  by  all  capable 
of  being  both  generous  and  just. 

And  what  prouder  names  could  the  Confederacy  boast  than  those 
who  led  them  there  ?  The  Commander-in-chief  was  a  Kentuckian — he 
who  fell  after  he  had  won  a  victory  the  consequences  of  which,  had  he 
lived  to  hold  it,  would  have  been  incalculable ;  and  their  general  of 
division,  Breckinridge, — what  knightlier  soldier  had  ridden  in  battle  on 
this  continent  ? 

But  why  attempt  to  call  the  roll  of  all  the  honorable  names  that 
proudly  maintained  on  that  field  Kentucky's  old  renown  ?  The  list  is 
too  long,  and  the  attentive  reader  has  already  seen  how  well  they  did  it. 

At  Corinth  there  was  gloom  among  the  survivors,  but  the  darker  hue 
of  disgrace  was  no  part  of  it.  More  than  thirty-five  per  cent,  of  the 
brigade,  including  its  batteries,  had  been  killed  or  wounded,  but  very 
few  were  missing  and  unaccounted  for. 

On  two  great  fields,  now,  had  the  Kentucky  volunteers  tried  theii 
strength,  had  proved  their  valor  and  their  constancy,  and  the  living 
who  were  not  in  prison  or  disabled  by  wounds  were  "present  for 
duty."  An  enemy  coming  upon  them  now  would  have  found  them 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  5)7 

ready,  even  in  their  dejected  state,  to  "  stiffen  the  sinews  and  summon 
up  the  blood"  for  another  conflict. 


INCIDENTS    AND    ANECDOTES:     ON    THE    MARCH;     ALSO    AT    AND    AFTER 

SHILOH. 

I.  "  The  Battle  of  Sunset." — I  am  indebted  to  that  gallant  and 
steady  soldier  and  faithful  comrade,  Thomas  Owens,  of  Co.  I,  Fourth 
Kentucky,  for  the  following  account  of  the  false  alarm  referred  to  in 
the  preceding  chapter : 

' '  The  First  Kentucky  Brigade — now  famous  as  the  Orphan  Brig 
ade — had  been  in  camp  at  Oakland  Station,  on  the  Louisville  and 
Nashville  railroad,  twelve  miles  north  of  Bowling  Green,  Ky. ,  since 
December  i2th,  1861.  The  monotony  and  discipline  of  camp  life  had 
become  irksome  to  the  boys,  and  occasional  rumors  of  an  early  call  to 
active  service  were  hailed  with  delight.  After  the  fall  of  Fort  Henry 
on  the  6th  day  of  February,  1862,  we  were  in  daily  expectation  of 
marching  orders,  which  came  at  last  on  the  i2th  of  February.  After 
rapidly  packing  knapsacks  and  striking  tents  we  turned  our  faces 
towards  Nashville. 

By  forced  marches  we  arrived  on  the  evening  of  the  second  day 
within  a  couple  of  miles  of  the  intersection  of  the  Russellville  and 
Glasgow  turnpike  with  the  pike  running  south  into  Tennessee  on 
which  we  had  been  marching  for  two  days.  The  weather  was  ex 
tremely  cold,  and  we  had  that  day  marched  more  than  twenty  miles. 
\Ve  were  all  footsore  and  nearly  exhausted  when,  late  in  the  after 
noon,  Capt.  Jack  Allen,  who  was  then  acting  aide  to  Gen.  Breckin- 
ridge,  rode  back  along  the  column  in  a  gallop,  shouting,  '  Close  up, 
men,  close  up;  the  enemy  is  directly  in  front  of  us!'  This  an 
nouncement  instantly  banished  all  sense  of  fatigue,  and  the  column 
was  quickly  closed  up,  halted,  and  directed  to  load. 

It  must  not  be  supposed  that  this  maneuver  of  loading  was  accom 
plished  with  the  same  cool  deliberation  as  on  drill;  on  the  contrary, 
many  of  us  showed  considerable  trepidation  as  we  brought  the  car 
tridge  to  the  muzzle  of  the  gun.  This  done,  however,  the  order, 
•forward,  double-quick;  march,'  rang  out  along  the  line,  and  we 
moved  forward  at  a  rapid  pace,  listening  every  moment  for  the  boom 
of  cannon  or  the  rattle  of  musketry  at  the  front.  Nothing  of  the  kind 
n-as  heard,  however,  and  we  soon  began  to  suspect  it  was  a  false  alarm; 
;'nd  so  it  proved  to  be. 

The  squad  of  cavalry  acting  as  a  vanguard  for  our  little  army  had 
reached  the  crossing  of  the  two  roads  above  mentioned,  and  seeing  a 
body  of  cavalry  coming  down  the  Glasgow  road,  took  it  to  be  a  part 
of  the  Federal  force  then  at  Mill  Spring,  and,  without  waiting  to  learn 
the  truth  of  it,  rode  back  and  reported  the  fact  to  Gen.  Breckin- 
ridge.  The  reported  enemy  turned  out  to  be  Helm's  regiment  of 
cavalry,  a  gallant  body  of  Confederates,  which  had  been  watching 
the  movements  of  the  Federal  army  then  lying  in  the  vicinity  of 
Mill  Spring,  and  were  on  their  way  to  join  our  force.  The  battle 
(in  anticipation)  came  to  an  end  about  the  setting  of  the  sun ;  and 


98  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

it  was  then  christened  the    '  Battle  of  Sunset,'  a  name  by  which  it 
was  ever  afterwards  known." 

II.  Alabamians — A    Noble   and   Appreciative    People. — 
All  who  remember  the  incidents  of  that  trying  retreat  can  but  recall 
with  a  glow  of  admiration  the  cordial,  even  enthusiastic  greeting  ex 
tended  to  the  brigade  by  the  people  of  Alabama,  as  it  passed  through 
the  State.     Waving  of  handkerchiefs,  cheers,  words  of  welcome   and 
encouragement,  met  them  from  the  time  they  entered  it  till  they  were 
encamped  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Tennessee  river,  and  were  no  more 
among  them,  as  the  infantry  was  conveyed  by  rail  from  Decatur  to 
Burnsville  in  the  night.    At  Huntsville  a  stand  of  colors  was  presented 
to  the  Sixth  Regiment  by  the  ladies  of  that  place,  and  as  much  en 
thusiasm  prevailed  as  though  Gen.  Johnston  had  been  marching  north 
ward  after  a  victory.     This  is  the  more  worthy  of  note,  too,  from  the 
fact  that  they  were  the  same  in  the  latter  years  of  the  war.     Reverses, 
apparently  failing  fortunes,  and  the  raggedness  of  the  bronzed  Ken 
tucky  soldier  never  deterred  them  from  flocking  to  the  roadside  when 
this  command,  or  any  portion  of  it,  was  passing,  and  from  contributing 
something  to  their  wants.     The  last  private  gift  to  them  was  from  the 
ladies   of  Lowndes  county,   of  that  State — some   boxes  of  clothing, 
which  came  opportunely,  and  were  issued  to  them  in  July,  1864,  dur 
ing  the  defense  of  Atlanta. 

III.  A  Camp  Struck  by  a  Southern  Hurricane  at  Night. — 
A  storm,  which  occurred  on  the  night  of  the  i4th  of  March,  just  be 
fore  the  brigade  reached  Decatur,  somewhat  varied  the  monotony  of 
the  wearisome  days,  and  afforded  much  matter  for  laughter  and  fun, 
though  it  was  of  itself  a  serious  thing.     The  infantry  had  encamped  in 
a  pasture,  to  the  right  of  the  road,  and  along  a  skirt  of  inclosed  wood 
land.     The  companies  had  each  been  supplied  with  about  seven  Sib- 
ley  tents,  and  these  were  pitched  in  order,  as  the  clouded  atmosphere 
betokened  rain.     A  short  time  after  the  evening  meal  had  been  dis 
patched,  and  all  who  had  concluded  to  spend  the  night  at  home  were 
sitting  around  in  their  tents,  passing  their  time  in  the  various  ways  of 
which  soldiers  alone  can  conceive,  when  a  low  sound,  at  first  as  of  fall 
ing  rain,  then  of  approaching  wind,  arrested  attention.     It  grew  more 
furious  every  second,  until  it  struck  the  encampments  as  with  a  mighty 
blow,  and  created  such  a  stir  as  no  one  who  was  present  can  ever  for 
get.     Officers  and  men  sprang  up  and  seized  the  center  poles  of  their 
Sibleys,  in  the  vain  hope  of  holding  them  to  the  ground;  but  the  wind 
was  so  violent  that  they  were  bounced  up  and  down  like  puppets  on  a 
string,  and  quicker  than  it  can  be  told  almost  every  tent  in  the  brigade 
was  torn  up  and  blown  away  or  sprawled  over,  and  some  thousands  of 
men  were  uncovered  at  once  to  the  fury  of  a  Southern  hurricane.    In 
some  instances,  where  less  care  had  been  taken  to  fasten  the  tents 
down  securely,  they  were  blown  loose  from  cords  and  pins,  and  flew 
about  to  the  danger  and  discomfiture  of  all  who  chanced  to  stand  in 
their  course.     Blankets,  hats  and  clothing  darted  suddenly  from  their 
rightful  owners — tin-cups,  spoons,  crockery,  sheet-iron  vessels,  rattled 
their  accompaniment  to  the  din  as  they  were  blown  or  kicked  about — 
everything  was  jumbled  up  in  a  disorderly  mass.     To  add  to  the  dire 
confusion,  a  drove  of  cattle  had  been  turned  into  the  pasture,  and  at 
dark  were  at  the  far  end  of  the  field,  keeping  a  very  respectful  dis- 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  99 

tance  from  the  tented  quarter ;  but  when  the  wind  struck  them  they 
were  frightened  into  instant  action,  and  came  sweeping  round  with  a 
noise  that  was  appalling,  as  they  appeared  to  be  charging  directly  upon 
the  encampment,  and  were  calculated  to  do  more  mischief  than  a  bat 
tle.  No  one  relished  the  idea  of  dying  by  the  inglorious  means  of 
either  a  bullock's  horns  or  his  hoofs.  But  by  some  means  they  were 
turned  somewhat,  or  turned  themselves,  and  passed  with  thundering 
tread,  in  a  body,  straight  along  the  outer  line  of  the  mass  of  men  and 
things  that  formed  a  medley  of  what  had  been  quite  a  cheerful  and 
comfortable  little  city,  with  spires  looking  modestly  out  from  a  conical 
canvas.  Some  sought  the  covered  wagons  for  shelter,  as  the  rain 
was  now  pouring  down  as  though  all  the  drops  of  old  ocean  had  been 
distilled  into  clouds  for  that  special  occasion.  Some  fled  to  neighbor 
ing  gin-houses,  guided  on  their  way  by  the  almost  constant  and  vivid 
Hashes  of  lightning— and  some  lost  their  way  to  the  gin-houses  and 
went  to  Decatur,  where  they  forthwith  proceeded  to  have  "a  time." 
A  few,  more  calm  and  collected  under  difficulties,  or  more  opposed  to 
violent  exertion,  waited  patiently  for  the  storm  to  abate,  when  they 
stirred  around  and  managed  to  raise  a  shelter  and  pass  the  night  among 
the  debris  of  the  camp.  The  party  that  found  the  gin-houses  came  in 
next  morning  thickly  covered  with  bits  of  cotton  that  had  adhered  to 
them  in  the  night,  as  they  burrowed  among  the  bales  or  the  loose- 
picked.  A  facetious  friend  who  made  one  of  the  unfortunate  number 
that  found  themselves  at  Decatur  afterward  explained  that  the  shelter 
and  refreshments  were  so  grateful  to  their  feelings  that  it  was  nearly 
day  before  they  could  tear  themselves  away  and  set  out  on  their  re 
turn  to  camp — and  that,  taking  the  railroad  after  they  got  over  the 
foot-bridge  they  left  a  man  in  every  cow-gap  between  the  river  and  the 
plantation  where  they  had  last  seen  their  less  adventurous  comrades, 
since  they  could  find  these  holes  in  the  road  only  by  having  the  ad 
vance  man  of  the  party  incontinently  pitch  into  one  as  he  strode  along 
in  the  dark.  From  all  which  those  who  know  a  soldier's  proneness  to 
"  wet  up"  when  it  is  apparent  to  others  that  he  is  already  wet  enough 
may  draw  what  conclusions  they  please. 

IV.  Who    Led    the   Brigade's    First   Skirmishes    on    the 
Battle  Field  ? — For  some  time  after  this,  the  first  great  battle  for  all 
but  the  Second  Kentucky,  there  was  a  friendly  contention  as  to  who 
was  the  first  sent  out  to  deploy  the  enemy  on  Sunday  morning — both 
Lieut.  Rogers,  of  Co.  A,  Fourth  Kentucky,  and  Lieut.  Weller,  of  Co. 
D,  same  regiment,  claiming  this  honor;  but  it  was  finally  decided  that 
each  commanded  a  skirmish  party,  and  deployed  in  somewhat  differ 
ent  directions  at  the  same  time. 

V.  Wasn't   Quite   So   Angry  Now. — After  the  brigade    had 
formed  line  of  battle  Sunday  morning,   as  previously  noticed,    and 
inarched  some  distance  through  the  forest,  it  was  halted  and  ordered 
to  rest  at  will.     Some  of  the  men  stood  by  their  arms,  while  others  sat 
down  on  the  leaves,  logs,  stumps — whatever  came  convenient ;  the 
officers  walked  about  and  conversed  with  each  other.     I  chanced  to 
be  near  John  Crawford,  a  gallant  young  fellow,  as  he  proved,  a  mem 
ber  of  Co.  H,  Sixth  Kentucky.     Hardee's  cannons  were  booming  in 
front,  and  we  were  near  enough  for  other  reverberations  of  the  initia 
tory  conflict  to  reach  us.     Crawford  sat  listening  awhile,   and  then 


100  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

broke  out  with  "What  does  all  this  mean,  anyhow?"  "  What  are 
you  talking  about?"  "  This  fighting — this  war ;  what's  it  all  about?  " 
Of  course,  the  tension  of  the  nerves  which  precedes  expected  conflict 
was  not  proof  against  a  laugh  from  those  in  hearing,  and  Crawford 
wound  up  with  "  I'm  not  half  so  angry  as  I  was,  I  tell  you  !  "  We 
were  presently  ordered  forward,  and  before  noon  of  the  next  day  the 
brave  boy  was  dead — killed  while  the  Kentuckians  were  fighting  so  des 
perately  to  keep  back  Buell's  overpowering  force  as  Beauregard's 
broken  army  retreated. 

VI.  The  First  Work  of  the  Fourth  Kentucky  on  Sunday 
Morning. — When  Col.  Trabue  formed  line  of  battle,  to  march  in 
supporting  distance  of   Gen.    Polk,   the  line  of  march  brought  the 
Fourth   Regiment,  on  the  extreme  left,  into  a  depressed  place  in  a 
field,  where  it  halted  awhile  ;  then  the  brigade  moved  by  the  left 
flank,  which  threw  this  regiment  in  the  woods  and  at  the  base  of  a 
small  hill  or  bank,  where  it  again  halted  and  was  faced  to  the  front. 
Here  Lieut.  John  Bird  Rogers,  with  a  platoon  of  Co.  A,  and  Lieut. 
John  H.  Weller/with  a  platoon  of  Co.  D,  were  thrown  out  as  skir 
mishers.     Deploying,  they  marched  over  the  hill;  through  a  camp  of 
the  enemy  which  had  been  abandoned  in  confusion  ;  passed  dead  and 
wounded  Federals  as  they  pressed  to  the  farther  edge  of  this  encamp 
ment,   and  found  themselves  in  the  rear   of   a  Confederate  line  of 
battle,  in  range  of  spent  balls  and  the  shot  and  shell  designed  for  the 
troops  in  front.     While  halted  here  one  of  the  regiments  engaged 
broke  and  ran  back  through  the  line  of  Kentuckians.     This,  with  the 
flying  bullets,  bursting  shells,  and  plunging  cannon  shot  would  have 
demoralized  any  ordinary  troops ;  but  even  the  bugle  that  now  sounded 
the  recall  failed  to  budge  them,  as  they  were  afraid  they  had  not  heard 
aright,  and  would  be  put  down,  if  they  should  retreat,  as  having  fled 
with  the  demoralized  regiment  which  had  run  over  them.     The  order 
to  retreat  must  be  unmistakable  or  they  would  die  there.     Maj.  Monroe 
had  to  send  an  officer  with  a  verbal  order  to  withdraw.     This  is  a 
sample  of  the  stuff  the  regiment  was  made  of.     Shortly  after  this  the 
attention  of  acting  Maj.  Nuckols  was  called  to  a  long  line  of  muskets 
glistening  through  the  trees  to  the  left  of  the  regiment  and  moving  to 
its  front.     Tall,  and  sitting  on  horseback,  he  could  see  that  a  Federal 
regiment  was  there  and  forming  at  an  angle  to  the  Fourth  Kentucky. 
He  reported  to  Maj.  Monroe,  commanding,  who  quickly  apprehended 
the  necessary  movement,  and  gave  the  order  ' '  Change  front  to  rear 
on  first  company  !  "     This  was  promptly  executed,  and  as  promptly  a 
battle  was  raging  with  the  Forty-sixth  Ohio.     This  was  presently  re 
inforced  by   another   regiment,    seeing  which  the  Fourth  Kentucky 
charged  and  drove  them  out  of  the  woods,   when  it  halted,  and  the 
brigade's  lines  were  readjusted.     It  was  a  brilliant  and  audacious  piece 
of  work. 

VII.  Putting  on   a   New   Uniform   in  Time  of  Action.— 
About  the  time  the  Louisiana  regiment  referred  to  by  Col.   Trabue 
appeared  on  the  left  front  of  the  brigade,  some  Confederate  troops 
had  sent  a  volley  of  minie-balls  among  them,  having  mistaken  them 
for  Federals.     This  made  them  advance  their  crescent  battle-flag  into 
view  in  a  hurry ;  and  they  afterward  appeared  in  a  peculiar  uniform,, 
made  by  turning  their  coats  inside  out. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  101 

VIII.  An  Unconquerable    Irishman. — Hugh    McVey,   mem 
ber  of  Company  U,  Fourth  Kentucky,  had  served  in  the  British  army 
when  young ;  but  he  was  a  modest  and  quiet  man,  now  past  middle 
age,  and  indisposed  to  parade  his  exploits.     On  the  morning  of  the 
second  day  at  Shiloh  he  was  struck  by  a  ball.     It  did  not  fell  him,  but 
Lieutenant  (afterward  Captain)  Weller,  seeing  that  he  bled,  told  him 
to  go  back  to  the  surgeon  and  have  his  wound  dressed.      "  No,  Leften- 
ant,"  he  answered,  pronouncing  the  word  in  that  old  way,  "no,  I'll 
die  on  the  faild !  "  and  stood  to  the  line.     Not  long  afterward  he  was 
again  hit,  and  Weller  urged  him  to  go  back,  but  he  still  plied  his  rifle 
and  answered  as  before.     In  a  little  while  the  noble  fellow  died  "  on 
the  faild  "  whjch  he  had  helped  to  make  famous  for  Kentuckians ;  a 
third  shot  killed  him  instantly. 

IX.  How  the  "Desperadoes"  All  Died. — Lieut.    Harris,  of 
Company  C,  Ninth  Kentucky,  picked  up,  some  time  during  the  first 
day's  fight  at  Shiloh,  a  handsome  silk  banner,  on  one  side  of  which 
was  painted  the  Goddess  of  Liberty,  with  the  motto,   ' '  We  Will  Die 
for  Our  Country,"  and  on  the  other  side  was  inscribed  "  The  Chick- 
asaha  Desperadoes,"  and   "Victory  or  Death."     Col.  Hunt,  noticing 
it  afterward,  said  that  "  the  entire  command  must  have  been  killed, 
for  they  surely  could  not  have  thrown  away  their  colors  after  going 
in  to  win  or  die."     The  Ninth  appropriated  the  staff,  as  their  own  had 
been  shot  in  two,  but  the  flag  itself  was  given  to  Gen.  Breckinridge, 
and  was  hung  up  at  his  headquarters,  at  Corinth,  perhaps  elsewhere. 

X.  He    Expected   to  be   Murdered. — Mistaken  or  malicious 
speakers  and  writers,  in  their  efforts  to  fire  the  northern  heart,  early  in 
1 86 1,  dealt  in  the  grossest  misrepresentations  of  the  Southern  people, 
and  the  effects  of  these  attempts  to  arouse  sectional  hate  were  in  keep 
ing  with  their  wicked  purpose.     One  peculiarly  odious  slander  was  to 
the  .effect  that  Southern  men  were  such  blood-thirsty  barbarians  that 
they  would  not  respect  the  usages  of   civilized  warfare,   and  were 
capable  of  butchering  wounded  men  and  helpless  prisoners.     On  Sun 
day  forenoon,  at  Shiloh,   when  the  Sixth  Kentucky  was  ordered  to 
relieve  the  Fourth,  as  described  elsewhere,  on  its  run  to  the  edge  of 
the  open  field  through  which  the  enemy  had  been  driven,  the  writer, 
with  others,  passed  near  a  Federal  soldier  who  had  a  broken  leg 
doubled  back  under  him  in  a  way  that  seemed  to  make  his  sufferings 
the  more  excruciating.     He  evidently  expected  to  be  bayoneted  as  he 
lay,  for  he  said  pleadingly,   "Don't  kill  me!"     The  regiment  was 
halted  for  orders  a  few  yards  beyond,  and  as  if  by  one  impulse,  Capt. 
Crewdson  and  the  writer  stepped  back  to  place  him  in  a  more  comfort 
able  position.     But  he  still  mistrusted  and  again  begged  not  to  be  killed. 
"  Poor  fellow !  "  we  replied,  as  we  straightened  him  out  and  did  what 
we  could  to  make  him  easier  till  he  could  be  reached  by  the  infirmary 
corps,  "  we're  trying  to  help  you.     We  don't  kill  men  who  are  down." 
The  grateful  and  somewhat  puzzled  look  which  he  gave  us  with  his 
thanks  was  a  thing  to  be  remembered.     Many  a  time  that  day,  judg 
ing  by  individual  observation,  did  the  Kentuckians,  who  had  things 
pretty  much  their  own  way  till  night,  divide  water  and  food  during 
the  lulls  of  the  storm,  with  wounded  Federals  strewn  over  the  field, 
and  render  such  little  assistance  as  they  could,  and  this,  of  course, 
was  done  by  the  other  Confederate  forces. 


102  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

XI.  Armed  for  Close  Fighting. — Old    soldiers   recall   with  a 
smile  the  erroneous  impressions  that  obtained  at  the  beginning  of  the 
war  and  the  character  of  certain  arms  with  which  men  were  provided 
or  thought  it  well  to  provide  themselves.     Gov.  Joe  Brown's  pikes 
are  in  point;  but  many  Kentuckians  carried  from  the  State  and  ex 
pected  to  use  a  long  heavy  knife,  that  in  a  hand-to-hand  conflict  would 
have  been  as  terrible  as  the  Cuban  machete.     Stories  told  about  the 
first  battle  of  Manassas,  that  had  their  foundation  chiefly  in  the  fertile 
brains  of  war   correspondents,  gave    some    color   to   the    prevailing 
impression  that  close-quarter  engagements  were  not  at  all  improbable. 
Big  knives,  made  as  a  rule  out  of  the  heavy  steel  files  or  rasps  used 
by  blacksmiths,  were  borne  in  many  a  cartridge  belt  up  to  the  very 
opening  of  the  battle  of  Shiloh.     When  the  men  had  orders  to  divest 
themselves  of  knapsacks  and  extra  blankets  and  pile  them  preparatory 
to  engaging  the  enemy,  most  of  these  long  knives  went  with  them,  as 
they  saw  that  with  the  Enfield  and  Belgian  rifle,  which  most  of  them 
now  had,  and  which  would  kill  at  a  thousand  yards,  there  was  small 
prospect  of  even  a  stand-up  fight  with  bayonets.     A  few  were  after 
ward  found  in  the  camps,  but  they  were  debased  to  the  level  of 
butchers'  cleavers  or  took  the  hatchet's  place  in  sharpening  tent-pins 
and  cutting  kindling  wood. 

XII.  Bee    Stung. — First  experiences  and  impressions  in  battle 
were  diversified  and  often  peculiar,  and  manifestations  were  frequently 
ludicrous.     John  Philpot,  a  Cumberland  county  man,  belonging  to  Co. 
F,  Sixth  Kentucky,  was  quiet  and  rather  abstracted,  attending  to  his 
duties  in  a  composed  and  matter-of-fact  way,  and  fighting  in  the  same 
manner;  but  when,  in  the  heat  of  the  battle  at  Shiloh,  on  Monday,  a 
bullet  cut  his  scalp  without  knocking  him  over,  he  lost  his  wits.     Throw 
ing  down  his  gun  he  began  striking  and  scratching  furiously  about  his 
head  with  both  hands,  jerking  his  hat  off — in  the  manner  of  a  man 
fighting  bees  and  apparently  pretty  badly  stung  and  very  much  afraid 
of  bees,  anyhow.     But  he  quickly  recovered  his  senses,  and  seemed  to 
realize  that  he  had  been  making  a  spectacle  of  himself.     Looking  at 
his  comrades  in  a  sort  of  shame-faced  way,  he  replaced  his  hat,  grabbed 
his  rifle,  and  resumed  firing;  but  subsequently  the  men  guyed  him  a 
good  deal  about  not  knowing  the  difference  between  a  bullet  and 
a  honey  bee  or  a  hornet. 

XIII.  Southern  Man  Ran  the  Wrong  Way. — Unscrupulous 
enlisting  officers  doubtless  played  some  scurvy  tricks  on  foreigners  to 
induce  them  to  swell  the  ranks  of  the  Northern  army,  as  an  instance  at 
Shiloh  indicated.     One  of  the  Kentucky  regiments  captured  among 
others  a  German  soldier,  who  was  at  first  angry  and  sullen  and  required 
some  sharp  talk  and  some  threatening  demonstrations  to  induce  him  to 
move  along  as  required.     He  was  evidently  new  to  the  country,  as  his 
English  was  bad  and  had  a  touch  of  his  native  tongue.     One  of  the 
men  tried  to  jolly  him  a  little,  which  brought  out  the  fact  that  he  had 
been  deceived.     "  Hans,"  said  his  interlocuter,  "what  are  you  doing 
here,  anyhow?    What  do  you  want  to  fight  the  South  for?"     "  Py 
himmel!"  he  blurted  out,  "I  vish  I  didn't!"     Then  he  showed  how 
he  had  been  taken  in  :   "Zey  dell  me  to  zay  boo !  at  the  Southern  man 
unt  he  runs  off.     I  zay  boo !  and  shoots ;  but  py  tam  !  Southern  man  he 
runs  the  wrong  vay ! " 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  103 

XIV.  Gov.  Johnson  Taking  the  Oath  as  a  Private  Soldier. — 

Dr.  John  O.  Scott,  on  duty  with  Byrne's  battery  at  Shiloh,  thus  tells  of 
the  scene  and  what  followed:  "  He  and  his  private  secretary,  Samuel 
Gray,  had  rested  Sunday  night  under  an  oak  tree  near  the  bivouac  of 
the  Kentucky  Brigade.  I  can  never  forget  loaning  him  a  pocket  comb 
Monday  morning;  how  politely  he  thanked  me  when  he  returned  it; 
and  how  my  heart  warmed  when  he  spoke  of  his  love  for  my  father. 
After  a  hurried  breakfast  we  were  reminded  by  the  sound  of  the  bugle 
that  we  must  go  to  arms  again.  Glancing  toward  a  distant  hill  we  saw 
rank  upon  rank  of  Federal  soldiers,  with  fixed  bayonets  glittering  in  the 
sunlight,  filing  rapidly  to  our  right  in  front  of  Shiloh  church.  Gen.  Breck- 
inridge  was  in  Sight,  sitting  on  his  impatient  war-horse.  At  this  moment 
Gov.  Johnson  asked  Capt.  Ben  Monroe,  of  the  Fourth  Regiment,  to  swear 
him  as  a  private  in  his  company,  and  the  boy  Captain,  with  uplifted 
cap  and  sword  unsheathed,  asked  the  Governor  of  Kentucky  to  raise 
his  right  hand,  and  with  it  uplifted  to  heaven,  in  witness  of  the  sincerity 
of  his  devotion  to  the  cause  for  which  he  fought,  he  took  the  oath; 
then  fell  into  the  ranks  of  Co.  E.  Fighting  to  protect  our  battery, 
when  it  stood  to  fight,  and  to  keep  it  from  capture  when  forced  to  fall 
back,  Gov.  Johnson  and  Maj.  Monroe  were  killed,  and  Burnley,  Dud 
ley,  Steele,  Tom  Price,  Capt.  Monroe  and  others  were  wounded." 

XV.  Too  Late  to  Pray. — Nat  Grain,  of  Co.  F,  Sixth  Kentucky, 
then  less  than  eighteen  years  old,  was  the  son  of  an  eminent  Methodist 
minister,  but  he  was  full  of  fun  and  could  be  ludicrous  even  in  "the 
imminent  deadly  breach.''     As  the  brigade  was  being  pushed  back 
from  point  to  point  on  the  second  day  at  Shiloh,  Nat  came  into  line,  at 
one  of  the  rallying  places,  near  a  small  black-jack  tree,  behind  which 
a  comrade  had  already  established  himself,  lying  flat  on  the  ground, 
his  head  and  body  so  disposed  that  the  tree  afforded  him  some  protec 
tion.     He  was  loading  and  firing,  as  he  had  been  drilled  to  do  in  this 
posture,  and  was  praying  so  audibly  as  to  be  heard  by  those  near  him 
in  spite  of  the  noise  of  battle.     This  struck  Grain  as  he  took  position, 
standing,  beside  him,  and  he  pushed  him  with  his  foot  and  shouted: 
"  Get  up  here,  Will !  what's  the  use  in  praying  when  the  devil's  done 
come?" 

XVI.  The  Little  Book  Saved  His  Life. — Among  the  many  in 
stances  in  which  small  articles,  as  books,  belt-buckles,  etc.,  stopped  or 
deflected  bullets,  was  that  of  John  L.  Marshall,  Sergeant-Major  of  the 
Fourth  Kentucky.      During  the  first  year,  especially,  it  was  common 
for  the  men  to  have  at  least  one  pocket  in  the  front  of  the  colored 
shirts  worn,  and  if  but  one  this  was  on  the  left  breast,  and  fell  naturally 
over  the  heart.     At  Shiloh  Marshall  had  in  his  shirt  pocket  a  small 
testament  which  he  had  brought  from  home,  (given  him,  presumably 
by  his  mother,  sister,  or  sweet-heart,  as  they  never  forgot  to  arm  their 
warriors  with  a  copy  of  the  Scriptures).     During  the  battle  an  Enfield 
ball  imbedded  itself  in  the  book,  and  he  received  only  a  shock  and  a 
bruise,   whereas   without  this  obstacle  the  bullet  would  have  gone 
through  his  heart.     He  took  a  gallant  part  in  nearly  every  engagement 
of  his  regiment,  great  or  small,  but  was  never  again  struck. 

XVII.  The    Kentucky   Artillery:     Byrne    and   His  Men 
Cheered. — An  eye-witness  furnished  this   account  of   the  artillery 
action  referred  to  by  Gen.  Hodge : 


104  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

"  Capt.  Byrne  opened  on  them  at  a  thousand  yards.  He  had  eight 
pieces,  and  they  worked  on  the  enemy's  right.  Gen.  Breckinridge 
was  driving  him  on  his  left,  and  the  retreating  column  had  to  pass  in 
front  of  the  battery.  Capt.  Byrne  sat  on  his  horse,  giving  his  orders; 
Gen.  Ruggles,  Col.  Baird,  and  Capt.  Ellis  (of  Bragg's  staff),  and 
Lieut.  Robinson  (of  Trabue's  staff)  came  up.  Col.  Baird  gave  a 
cheer — this  was  taken  up  by  the  artillerists  and  then  by  the  commands 
on  the  right.  Never  did  men  work  harder  and  faster,  and  never  did 
enemy  fall  thicker  before  the  same  number  of  guns.  Col.  Baird,  in 
his  enthusiasm,  got  down  and  put  his  hand  on  one  of  the  pieces,  re 
marking,  as  he  did  so,  that  he  '  wanted  to  feclit!'  ' 

XVIil.  Coolly  "Picked  His  Flint"  Under  Fire.— About  the 
time  the  above-described  incident  occurred,  James  W.  Nelson,  of  Co. 
F,  Fourth  Kentucky,  found  that  the  tube  of  his  Enfield  was  choked, 
and  seeing  no  other  rifle  in  reach  except  in  the  hands  of  his  comrades, 
he  sat  down  by  a  tree,  picked  the  tube,  recapped  it,  then  rose  and  re 
sumed  firing — all  this  with  as  much  apparent  coolness  as  though  he 
were  deaf  to  the  roar  of  the  artillery,  the  whistle  of  bullets  that  flew 
by,  and  the  thud  of  those  that  struck.  He  missed  no  chance  to  get 
hurt  from  the  first  morning  of  Shiloh  to  the  closing  days  of  the 
brigade's  service  below  Camden,  S.  C.,  April,  1865  ;  but  he  received 
only  a  single  wound,  and  that  in  the  last  fight  in  which  his  company 
engaged. 

XIX.  A  Double  Duel,  Fatal  to  at  Least  One  Man. — On  one 
of  the  lines  occupied  by  the  Brigade,  Monday  forenoon,  Elliott  W. 
Thompson  and  Nathan  B.   Thompson,   of  Co.   F,  Sixth  Kentucky, 
found  themselves  in  the  rear  of  an  abandoned  gun  carriage  and  knelt 
behind  the  heavy  wheels  for  such  protection  as  wheels  and  axles  would 
afford.     The   Federals  had  pressed  so  closely  that  their  strong  lines 
were  but  little  concealed  by  the  woods ;  and  these  two  young  men  had 
hardly  opened  fire  from  their  partial  shelter  before  they  discovered  that 
two  Federal  soldiers  had  "treed"  within  rifle  range  and  were  firing 
at  them  point  blank.   Several  shots  were  exchanged  without  fatal  effect 
upon  either  side,  when  Nathan  Thompson  became  impatient,  and  said 
to  his  companion  in  the  desperate  game:     "  Let's  stand  out;  then  we 
can  fetch  'em !"     They  instantly  agreed  as  to  which  particular  com 
batant  each  should  aim  at,  jumped  to  their  feet,  and  drew  upon  their 
adversaries ;  but  at  the  crack   of  their  rifles  Nathan  fell  dead — his 
enemy's  bullet  had  struck  him  square  in  the  forehead.     At  the  instant 
the  line  broke  under  orders  to  find  another  position  from  which  to  re 
new  the  fearfully  unequal  strife;  and  there  was  no  time  to  determine 
whether  their  shots  had  taken  effect. 

XX.  "No  Detail !  Ask  for  Volunteers."— When  Byrne's  bat 
tery  was  placed  on  the  little  eminence  back  of  the  field  where  he 
fought  it  so  splendidly  for  four  hours,  supported  by  the  Kentucky 
Brigade,  he  at  once  drew  the  fire  of  several  of  the  enemy's  guns,  and 
for  part  of  the  time  three  of  their  batteries  were  playing  upon  him, 
while  their  infantry  kept  up  a  continuous  fire;  but  they  could  not  move 
him  or  any  part  of  his  indomitable  support.     About  one-third  of  the 
cannoniers  had  been  killed  or  wounded,  and  as  the  ridge  was  very 
sandy  the  recoil  of  the  guns  threw  the  carriages  back,  and  they  had  con 
stantly  to  be  moved  up  by  the  hand.     Many  of  the  men  were  conse- 


HISTORY  OF  TIIK  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  105 

quently  completely  exhausted.  Col.  Lewis  was  sitting  near  Capt. 
Byrne,  who  asked  him  for  a  detail  to  assist  in  working  the  guns,  when 
John  B.  Spurrier,  of  the  Sixth  Regiment,  stepped  forward  and  cried 
out,  "No  detail!  Call  for  volunteers,  and  we  are  there!"  And 
they  were  there.  The  gallant  Spurrier  acted  number  one  at  a  piece 
until  he  went  down,  dangerously  wounded,  about  an  hour  after  having 
volunteered.  Gen.  Bragg  sent  twice  by  his  aides-de-camp,  Col. 
Walton  and  Lieut.  Parker,  ordering  Capt.  Byrne  to  use  spherical  case 
or  canister  on  the  right  of  the  enemy,  as  they  were  moving  up  through 
the  undergrowth,  but  he  had  already  given  them  plenty  of  spherical 
case.  The  Kentucky  Brigade  was  now  ordered  to  go  to  the  right,  as 
the  enemy's  guns  appeared  to  have  been  silenced.  Byrne's  battery 
was  moved  about  eight  hundred  yards  further,  and  as  they  came  up 
to  Gen.  Bragg,  he  took  his  sleek  cap  off  and  saluted  them. 

XXI.  A  Tuneful  Voice  Heard  in  the  Uproar. — Perhaps  no 
more  thrilling  circumstance  took  place  during  the  ' '  noise  of  battle  and 
the  shouting"  that  day  than  the  singing  of  a  song  which  had  been  our 
favorite  while  recruiting  went  on  in  1861.  At  one  point  in  the  line 
arose  the  music  of  a  voice  or  voices,  mingling  with  the  rattle  and  crash 
of  musketry,  the  sharp  tones  of  command,  the  groans  of  the  stricken 
and  mangled,  for  the  moment  diverting  the  thoughts  of  fighting  men 
from  their  bloody  work — 

"Cheer,  boys,  cheer,  we'll  march  away  to  battle; 

Cheer,  boys,  cheer,  for  our  sweethearts  and  our  wives; 
Cheer,  boys,  cheer,  we'll  nobly  do  our  duty ; 
And  give  to  Kentucky  our  hearts,  our  arms,  our  lives!  " 

XXII. — "  Devil  Dick." — As  the  Fourth  Kentucky  was  making 
its  way  back  to  Corinth  under  command  of  Lieut. -Col.  Hynes,  a  sup 
per  was  gotten  up  one  evening  from  commissaries  found  on  the  road. 
Among  others  who  partook  of  the  meal  with  the  commander's  extem 
porized  mess  was  John  W.  Slusser,  of  Co.  D.  He  was  a  rollicking 
blade,  nearly  always  cheerful  and  full  of  humor,  and,  though  by  no 
means  a  bad  man  nor  deserving  of  any  soubriquet  that  would  convey 
such  an  imputation,  he  was  known  as  Devil  Dick.  He  was  so  desig 
nated  throughout  the  war,  and  though  everybody  in  the  brigade  knew 
Devil  Dick,  few  knew  his  real  name.  Hynes  and  others  were  talking 
over  their  supper  about  the  many  incidents  of  the  battle,  their  feelings, 
their  views  of  this  their  first  great  conflict,  when  Slusser,  who  had 
been  quietly  listening,  broke  in  with:  "Well,  I  feel  as  though  I  shall 
live  through  this  war.  When  I'm  an  old  man,  I'll  take  my  grandchil 
dren  on  my  knee  and  tell  them  that  I  was  in  the  great  battle  of  Shiloh, 
and  what  I  saw  and  what  I  did.  They'll  think  of  course  that  grand- 
pap  was  a  hero,  because  the  little  things  can  never  know  how  bad  the 
old  man  wanted  to  get  away  from  there! " 

XXIII.  Some  of  His  Teeth  Had  Lost  Their  Edge  at  Shi 
loh. — Among  other  drolleries  of  Nat  Cram's,  to  whom  reference  is 
made  above,  he  declared  when  he  enlisted  that  he  was  a  "  roaring 
tiger,  with  double  rows  of  teeth — one  for  vegetation  and  one  for 
Yankees;  "  and  occasionally  afterward  he  would  sing  it  out,  especially 
when  it  seemed  that  he  ought  to  emulate  Mark  Tapley  and  be  jolly 
ander  creditable  circumstances  :  "  I'm  a  roaring  tiger,  etc. !  "  After 


106  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

the  brigade  had  gotten  back  to  Corinth  and  the  men,  having  smoothed 
their  ruffled  feathers  a  little,  were  trying  to  make  the  best  of  a  bad 
business,  it  occurred  to  Nat  one  day  to  cry  his  slogan,  so  he  put  on  as 
much  of  a  savage  aspect  as  he  could  assume,  and  began  with  a  raised 
voice;  but  he  seemed  suddenly  to  recall  that  there  had  been  trouble 
over  about  Pittsburg  Landing,  in  which  he  was  mixed  up,  and  his 
speech  took  a  peculiar  turn:  "  I'm  a  roaring  tiger  with  double  rows 
of  teeth — one  for  vegetation,  but  none  for  Yankees!  " 

XXIV.  The  Preaching  Didn't  Suit  Him.— John  Conner,  of 
Co.  C,  Second  Kentucky,  was  a  son  of  the  Green  Isle,  a  good  fellow 
and  a  good  fighter,  with  a  mind  that  is  best  described  as  both  witty 
and  humorous.     Meeting  the  writer  the  week  after  the  brigade  got 
back,  he  said  :     "  We  went  to  church  last  Sunday  week,  didn't  we  ?" 
"Yes,  to  Shiloh  Church."     "Well,  I'm  not  going  any  more;  I  don't 
like  the  sermons  they  preach  there." 

XXV.  Shiloh  Not  Conclusive  as  to  Whether  One  of  Us 
Could  Whip  Five  Yankees. — A  little  gathering  of  the  Kentuck- 
ians  who  had  tried  conclusions  with  Grant  and  Buell  were  talking 
over  things  during  the  time  of  serious  reflection  that  followed,  when 
one  remarked :      "  You  know  we  set  out  from  home  to  whip  five  Yan 
kees  apiece."     "Yes."     "Over  yonder  last  week,  now — we  didn't 
do  it,  did  we?"     "  Oh,"  rejoined  another,  "they  were  not  Yankees; 
they  were  Western  men — men  like  we  are!  "  Then  a  shadow  fell  over 
the  little  squad  that  had  come  out  to  whip  five  apiece,  as  though  their 
would-be  comforter  had  given  them  a  cold  potato.     They  could  but 
reflect  that  from  Canada  to  the  coast  of  Florida  the  woods  were  still 
full  of  "  Western  men  like  we  are." 

XXVI.  What  a  Reserve  Corps  Is. — The  brigade's  experience 
on  the  field  and  on  retreat  furnished  abundant  food  for  thought  during 
the  weeks  of  comparative  quiet  that  followed,  and  the  unique,  piquant, 
and  humorous  ones  that  found  expression  among  the  Kentuckians 
would  fill  a  volume.     Some  reference  having  been  made  to  the  reserve 
corps   of  which   the  Orphans  constituted  an  important  part,  one  of 
them  remarked  that  before  the  battle  he  didn't  know  what  a  reserve 
force  was.     Questioned  as  to  whether  he  now   knew,   he    replied  : 
"  Yes ;  it  means  the  best  body  of  men  that  can  be  found  to  go  in  early, 
stay  all  the  time,  and  afterward  hold  back  the  enemy  for  two  or  three 
days  till  the  rest  can  get  away  with  themselves  and  their  impedimenta. 
It's  a  funny  term,  though — reserve."     The  part  played  by  the  Ken 
tuckians  during  that  eventful  week  seemed  to  justify  his  conclusions. 

XXVII.  The  Street  Bully  in  Battle.— To  many,  one  of  the 
singular  revelations  of  the  war  was  the  fact  that  in  nearly  every  in 
stance  the  men  who  were  known  to  have  been  quarrelsome,  overbear 
ing,  and  addicted  to  personal  brawls  and  fistic  combats,  were  arrant 
cowards.     Of  course,  the  oldest  soldiers,  whose  experience  with  men 
and  study  of  character  had  led  them  to  form  just  conclusipns,  mis 
trusted  bluster,  and  understood  that  Jack  'Falstaff  was  a  fair  type,  in 
the  matter  of  real  courage,  of  the  pot-valiant  of  every  age  and  nation ; 
but  to  the  young  it  was  a  matter  of  astonishment  that  the  man  whose 
boast  was  that  he   "could  whip  his  weight  in   wild-cats,"  and  was. 
always  looking  out  for  insults  and  professedly  ready  to  shoot  or  stick 
or  pound  any  one  who  should  "  tread  on  his  toes,"  suddenly  lost  his. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  107 

ferocity  when  cannon  balls  began  to  smash  and  crash  around  him  and 
bullets  were  finding  their  targets  in  human  flesh  and  bones.  It  would 
doubtless  be  hard  for  those  who  served  faithfully  throughout  the  war 
to  recall  instances  in  which  these  men  made  thoroughly  reliable  sol 
diers.  They  were  a  nuisance  in  camp,  when  they  did  not  choose  to 
run  away  altogether,  and  a  disappointment  on  the  field.  Notwith 
standing  the  orders  which  officers  had  to  prevent  straggling  and  those 
to  file-closers  to  shoot  any  who  should  endanger  the  steadiness  of  a 
line  by  breaking  in  time  of  action,  these  fellows  could  .get  away;  and 
if  they  stayed  in  the  army  afterward,  to  run  on  another  day,  it  was 
notorious  that  they  knew  vastly  more  about  the  battle  than  the  men 
who  were  in  it,  and  in  general  they  had  the  cheek  to  tell  marvelous 
stories  about  the  part  they  played. 


108  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 


CHAPTER  VI. 

REORGANIZATION  OF  THE  ARMY  AT  CORINTH  AND  REASSIGNMENT  OF 
KENTUCKY  TROOPS. — THE  RETREAT. SIEGE  OF  VICKSBURGH. IN 
CIDENTS  AND  ANECDOTES. 

In  a  short  time  the  work  of  reorganizing  the  army  throughout  was 
begun,  and  the  remainder  of  the  month  of  April  was  spent  in  getting 
it  in  proper  shape  to  render  it  available  for  attack  or  defense.  Hal- 
leek,  who  had  now  assumed  in  person  the  command  of  the  combined 
armies  of  Buell  and  Grant,  delayed  his  movement  on  Corinth  for  a 
similar  purpose;  and  even  when  he  began  his  approaches,  it  was  in  a 
manner  so  cautious  that  it  was  not  until  the  2d  of  May  that  Beaure- 
gard  deemed  an  engagement  imminent.  Confederate  cavalry  watched 
him  cosely  while  the  work  of  preparation  was  going  on  at  Corinth. 

But,  to  come  more  particularly  to  the  troops  of  Kentucky  and  their 
leaders  :  Shortly  after  the  battle  of  Shiloh,  Breckinridge  was  commis 
sioned  a  major-general,  and  assigned  to  the  permanent  command  of 
the  division  which  had  led  with  such  distinguished  skill  and  valor  on 
and  from  its  first  field.  Some  changes  took  place,  however,  and  ad 
ditions  were  made.  Colonels  Preston  and  Helm  received  notification 
of  promotion  to  the  rank  of  brigadier-general,  and  were  ordered  to  re 
port  to  Gen.  Breckinridge  for  duty.  The  Kentucky  troops  were  now 
separated  and  made  part  of  two  commands.  One  brigade  was  as 
signed  to  Brig. -Gen.  J.  M.  Hawes,  who  had  been  promoted  in  the 
summer  or  autumn  of  1861,  and  consisted  of  the  Fourth  and  Ninth 
Kentucky  Regiments,  Hale's  Alabama  Regiment,  Clifton's  Alabama 
Battalion,  and  Byrne's  Battery.  Owing  to  resignation  of  the  officers 
of  Byrne's  Battery,  and  the  consequent  breaking  up  of  the  company, 
a  change  was  made  in  the  artillery  of  this  brigade,  on  the  2d  of  May, 
Hudson's  Battery  being  substituted  for  Byrne's.  Gen.  Hawes  soon 
relinquished  his  command  for  service  in  the  Department  of  the 
Trans-Mississippi,  and  Gen.  Ben  Hardin  Helm  was  placed  in  charge 
of  his  brigade,  which  was  so  modified  as  to  consist  of  the  following  : 
Fourth  and  Ninth  Kentucky  Regiments,  Thirty-first  Alabama  Regi 
ment,  Fourth  Alabama  Battalion,  Thirty-first  Mississippi  Regiment, 
and  the  Hudson  Battery. 

One  brigade  was  assigned  to  Brig. -Gen.  William  Preston,  and  con- 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  109 

sisted  of  the  Third,  Sixth,  and  Seventh  Kentucky  Regiments,  Thirty- 
fifth  Alabama  Regiment,  and  Cobb's  Battery. 

The  Seventh  Kentucky  fought  at  Shiloh,  in  another  command,  and 
did  not  report  to  Gen.  Breckinridge  until  after  the  arrival  at  Corinth. 
Its  first  colonel  (Wickliffe)  had  been  killed  there,  and  it  was  now  com 
manded  by  Col.  Ed  Crossland. 

These  two  brigades  and  two  under  Bowen  and  Statham  respectively, 
with  two  cavalry  companies,  now  constituted  Breckinridge's  division. 
It  will  be  noted  that  this  was  an  organization  composed  of  Kentuckians, 
Alabamians,  Missourians  and  Mississippians;  and  this  ill-advised  ar 
rangement  prevailed  till  the  following  September,  when  the  Second 
Kentucky  returned  from  prison,  and  preparations  were  being  made 
to  join  the  army  under  Bragg,  when  the  Kentucky  regiments  were  all 
thrown  together,  and  the  title  became  once  more  appropriate  in  every 
sense.  The  Third  and  Seventh  were  detached,  with  a  view  of  mov 
ing  them  into  Kentucky,  by  way  of  Jackson,  Tenn.,  and  were  not 
again  connected  with  the  main  body,  but  there  were  four  regiments 
still  together,  under  the  title  of  First  Kentucky  Brigade,  until  the 
autumn  of  1861,  when  the  Fifth  Kentucky  Infantry  was  added,  or 
rather  substituted  for  the  Forty-first  Alabama,  and  no  further  change 
took  place  in  the  organization. 

Though  not  strictly  pertinent  to  the  history  of  the  Kentucky  regi 
ments  and  artillery  composing  these  brigades,  it  is  not  amiss  to  note 
the  staff  announced  by  Gen.  Breckinridge  after  his  promotion  to  Major- 
General,  as  they  were  nearly  all  Kentuckians,  and  saw  much  service 
with  the  Kentucky  infantry  during  the  next  twenty  months.  This  staff 
was  at  first  about  as  follows,  though  frequent  changes  afterward  oc 
curred — some  of  which  are  referred  to  below :  Capt.  George  B. 
Hodge,  A.  A.  G.;  Capt.  John  S.  Hope,  A.  I.  G.;  Maj.  Alfred  Boyd, 
Chief  Quartermaster;  Capt.  Clint  McClarty,  Chief  Commissary; 
Lieut. -Col.  D.  Beltzhoover,  Chief  of  Artillery;  Lieut.  James  Wilson, 
Ordnance  Officer;  Dr.  B.  \V.  Avent,  Medical  Director;  Col.  T.  T. 
Hawkins,  Aide-decamp;  and  Col.  Jack  Allen,  Capt.  A.  Keene  Rich 
ards,  Capt.  F.  Lousdale,  and  Capt.  Charles  J.  Mastin,  volunteer  aides- 
de-camp. 

Col.  O'Hara,  who  had  hitherto  been  announced  as  aide,  was  still 
with  him,  but  was  recommended  to  the  Government  for  promotion, 
and  assignment  to  a  command  of  cavalry,  and  was  not  included  among 
the  regularly  appointed  staff.  He  did  not  receive  the  proposed  pro 
motion,  however,  and  so  continued  to  serve  with  Gen.  Breckinridge 
in  various  capacity.  It  may  be  proper  to  remark,  also,  that  other 
officers  of  the  staff,  who  were  with  him  during  the  battle  of  Shiloh, 
were  highly  complimented  in  dispatches  to  the  War  Department,  and 


HO  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

recommended  for  promotion  to  higher  rank.     Of  these,  in  addition  to 
O'Hara,  Hodge,  Hawkins  and  McClarty  were  thus  mentioned. 

Capt.  Hodge  resigned  on  the  ad  of  May,  being  a  member  of  Con 
gress,  and  the  duties  of  A.  A.  G.  devolved  on  others  of  the  staff  till 
June  3d,  when  Maj.  John  T.  Pickett  was  appointed.  He  served  in 
this  capacity  till  July,  when  he  was  ordered  to  Richmond,  for  service 
with  Gen.  Cooper,  after  which  Col.  John  A.  Buckner  was  made  A.  A. 
G.  Capt.  Hodge  was  afterward  promoted  to  Brigadier-General  of 
Cavalry,  and,  reentering  the  field,  served  till  the  close  of  the  war. 

Col.  O'Hara  had  served  on  the  staff  of  Gen.  Albert  Sidney  John 
ston  till  the  death  of  that  officer.  At  Shiloh,  he  conducted  himself 
with  that  noble  bearing  which  had  been  exhibited  on  the  fields  of 
Mexico  and  Cuba. 

The  staff  of  Brig. -Gen.  Hawes  was  announced  to  be  as  follows: 
Capt.  Joe  Linden  Robertson,  A.  A.  G.;  Capt.  Wm.  M.  Cargill,  A. 
Q.  M.;  Maj.  A.  P.  Barbour,  Aide-de-camp;  and  Lieut.  J.  CabellBreck- 
inridge,  volunteer  aides.  The  duties  of  inspection  and  the  commis 
sariat  were  performed  by  other  officers  not  included  in  the  order  of 
announcement  in  our  possession,  and  whom  we  cannot  now  recall  to 
mind. 

The  order  announcing  staff  of  Brig. -Gen.  Preston  has  been  lost,  but 
the  following  officers  are  remembered  to  have  served  with  him  at  dif 
ferent  times :  Major  (afterward  Lieutenant-Colonel)  James  W.  Hewitt, 
having  escaped  capture  at  Donelson,  was  some  time  Acting  Adjutant- 
General,  also  Capt.  Nat  Wickliffe;  and  on  the  29th  of  August,  Captain 
(afterward  Major)  R.  W.  Woolley  was  appointed  to  that  position. 
Capt.  William  Stanley  was  his  Inspector  General  during  the  summer, 
Maj.  John  R.  Throckmorton,  Chief  Quartermaster,  and  Maj.  Alex. 
Evans,  Chief  Commissary. 

The  staff  of  Brig.  Gen.  Helm,  after  he  succeeded  to  the  command 
of  the  brigade  in  which  the  Fourth  and  Ninth  Kentucky  were  included, 
consisted  of:  Capt.  G.  W.  McCauley,  A.  A.  G. ;  Maj.  Thomas  H. 
Hays,  A.  I.  G.;  Maj.  G.  W.  Triplett,  A.  Q.  M.;  Maj.  Silas  M. 
Moorman,  A.  C.  S. ;  Lieut.  G.  M.  Ryals,  Ordnance  Officer,  and 
Lieut.  Alexander  H.  Todd,  Aide-de-camp. 

Changes  occurred,  too,  in  the  regiments  themselves,  and  particularly 
in  the  Sixth  and  Ninth,  which  had  been  enlisted  for  twelve  months 
only;  whereas  the  others  were  originally  three-year  men.  The  two 
twelve-months  regiments  reorganized  early  in  May,  making  their  term 
of  service  co-extensive  with  that  of  the  others — elections  being  held  for 
officers  throughout,  except  those  of  each  regimental  staff,  who,  of 
course,  were  to  be  the  appointees  of  the  respective  colonels  chosen. 
Officers  who  preferred  remaining  in  the  service  with  the  rank  then 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  HI 

held,  but  in  a  different  field  or  different  capacity,  were  to  report  to  the 
commanding  General  for  assignment;  such  as  chose  to  relinquish  their 
rank  could  be  discharged  from  the  service  by  simply  refusing  to  appear 
as  candidates;  and  such  as  should  be  defeated  were  to  be  thus  di 
vested  of  rank — the  two  classes  last  named  to  be  held  subject  to  the 
provisions  of  the  conscription  bill,  provided  they  failed  to  select  some 
arm  of  the  service  and  reenlist.  Such  of  the  field  and  staff  officers  as 
appeared  for  the  suffrages  of  the  men  were  retained  in  their  old  positions, 
and,  in  most  cases,  the  officers  of  the  line  also.  In  some  few  instances 
the  officers  in  commission  under  the  old  organization  declined  to  have 
their  names  used,  and  a  few  were  rejected.  Some  of  those  who  en 
tered  other  departments  of  the  service  distinguished  themselves  in  dif 
ferent  fields. 

The  companies  which  had  been  reduced  below  the  minimum  were 
ordered  to  be  consolidated  in  such  manner  as  to  give  the  organizations 
that  were  retained  their  full  quota  of  men,  in  pursuance  of  which  the 
new  regiments  were  made  to  consist  of  but  eight  instead  of  ten  com 
panies  each.  The  Ninth  chose  a  Lieutenant-Colonel  and  a  Major, 
none  having  been  previously  appointed,  and  its  organization  was  thus 
perfected  after  it  had  passed  through  the  ordeal  of  battle. 

Among  the  officers  elect,  some  few  were  rejected  by  the  examining 
board,  as  being  disqualified  by  want  of  a  sufficient  knowledge  of  tactics 
and  general  regulations.  At  this  juncture,  Bragg,  who  assumed  command 
of  the  army  on  the  6th  of  May,  stepped  in  to  remedy  defects,  and  be 
gan  the  appointment  of  officers  to  fill  vacancies.  The  men  selected  in 
these  cases  were,  for  the  most  part,  worthy  of  position ;  and,  indeed, 
some  most  excellent  ones  were  assigned  to  duty  in  the  line  by  author 
ity  of  the  General  commanding — talented,  courageous,  and  faithful — 
but  after  six  months,  or  more,  during  which  time  these  officers  had 
discharged  the  duties,  borne  the  responsibilities,  and  met  the  expenses 
incidental  to  their  position — and  that,  too,  under  the  evident  displeas 
ure  of  those  whom  they  commanded,  because  not  the  men  of  their  own 
•election — Bragg's  action  was  declared  illegal,  and  they  were  returned 
to  the  ranks  without  having  their  pay-claims  allowed;  and  the  temper 
of  the  men  was  henceforth  humored  by  suffering  them  to  choose  for 
themselves  who  should  wield  the  authority  that  they  considered  as 
rightfully  in  their  gift. 

The  month  of  May  was  spent  for  the  most  part  in  moving  to  and  fro 
along  the  line  of  defense  in  front  of  Halleck,  who,  with  spade  and 
pick,  gradually  drew  nearer.  Indications  were  frequent  that  battle 
would  be  joined,  but  further  than  the  customary  picketing  in  force, 
skirmishing  between  the  outposts,  occasional  battle-orders,  and  forma 
tion  to  meet  an  attack,  nothing  of  moment  occurred  during  the  entire 


H2  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

month  of  May.  About  the  middle  of  that  month  the  enemy  was 
known  to  be  near  the  Confederate  line  of  defense,  and  everybody  was 
vigilant,  and  on  the  2oth  the  medical  officers  received  orders  to  pre 
pare  for  the  care  of  wounded.  On  the  226.  it  was  thought  that  the 
crisis  had  come,  and  the  army,  having  made  all  necessary  prepara 
tions,  marched  out  in  full  expectation  of  battle,  but  no  general  attack 
was  made  by  either  party,  and  that  afternoon  the  old  camps  were  re- 
occupied. 

On  the  28th  of  May,  the  encampment  was  finally  broken  up;  the 
troops  took  position  in  the  intrenchments ;  the  various  wagon  trains 
were  sent  out  on  the  Kossuth  road  four  miles,  to  await  orders.  The 
Confederate  general  made  the  impression  on  Halleck  that  he  could 
seriously  resist  his  advance,  and  was  thus  enabled  to  withdraw  on  the 
night  of  the  29th,  without  loss  of  men  or  stores. 

The  circumstances  attending  this  retreat  require  to  be  noticed  some 
what  in  detail  because  of  the  important  part  played  by  the  Kentucky 
troops — now  regarded  as  thoroughly  reliable  in  cases  of  emergency. 

Of  the  Reserve  Corps,  (as  Breckinridge's  Division  had  been  de 
signated,)  the  special  rear-guard  of  infantry  was  the  Ninth  Kentucky 
and  a  Mississippi  regiment,  with  Cobb's  Battery,  the  whole  force  under 
command  of  Col.  Hunt.  The  Mississippians  and  a  section  of  the 
battery  passed  over  during  the  night,  and  bivouacked  beyond  the 
swamp  that  lies  along  the  stream  on  each  side ;  but  the  Ninth  was  not 
withdrawn  from  its  position  at  the  front  till  about  midnight,  and  the 
darkness  was  so  profound,  in  the  deep  forest  through  which  they  had 
to  move,  and  the  road  still  so  rough  for  the  remaining  two  pieces  of 
artillery,  that  Corinth  was  still  in  view  when  daylight  dawned  upon 
them.  They  passed  over  the  Tuscumbia,  however,  at  an  early  hour, 
and  joined  the  remainder  of  the  force  with  which  Col.  Hunt  was  ex 
pected  to  dispute  the  passage  of  the  bridge. 

On  the  morning  of  the  ist,  Federal  cavalry  attacked  the  picket, 
stationed  some  distance  back  toward  Corinth,  under  command  of 
Lieut.  Charles  Semple,  but  they  were  repulsed,  with  slight  loss  to  the 
Confederates. 

On  the  afternoon  of  June  ist,  the  main  body  of  the  army  having 
now  had  ample  time  to  reach  a  position  of  comparative  safety,  Col. 
Hunt  resumed  his  march.  He  continued  to  press  forward  till  mid 
night,  when  information  was  received  that  the  train  of  sick,  which  had 
been  started  from  Corinth  on  the  28th,  had  been  captured  at  Boone- 
ville,  and  that  the  Federal  cavalry  was  between  him  and  the  main 
body  of  the  army — a  considerable  force  being  then  in  bivouac,  it  was 
said,  half  a  mile  to  his  left.  Having  halted,  that  the  men  might  have 
an  hour's  rest  and  sleep,  he  again  moved  forward,  slowly,  but  steadily, 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADK.  113 

almost  constantly,  till  noon,  when,  within  three  miles  of  Black  Land, 
he  again  halted;  and  as  it  had  been  rumored  and  was  apprehended 
that  a  Federal  force  now  occupied  that  place,  he  consulted  with  the 
commanders  of  the  Mississippi  regiment,  the  battery,  and  others  who 
had  been  left  on  similar  service  for  other  commands,  and  at  other 
crossings  of  the  Tuscumbia,  as  to  what  course  they  should  pursue. 
There  was  a  difference  of  opinion  about  the  measures  best  to  be 
adopted,  and  he  cut  the  matter  short  by  announcing  that  he  would 
march  his  own  regiment  straight  forward,  as  the  most  expedient  course. 
He  accordingly  assumed  immediate  command  of  the  Ninth  and  the 
artillery,  and  moved  on.  The  Mississippians  and  others  followed,  and 
they  fortunately  passed  through  Black  Land  just  after  a  body  of  Fed 
eral  cavalry  had  left  it.  At  sundown  that  afternoon  Col.  Hunt  reported 
to  Gen.  Breckinridge,  and  rejoined  the  main  body  of  the  Reserve 
Corps,  near  Baldwin,  whither  it  had  preceded  him.  He  had  almost 
been  given  up  for  lost;  but  after  a  long  and  perilous  march,  extending 
through  thirty  hours  from  the  time  of  leaving  Tuscumbia  bridge,  with 
but  little  rest,  and  no  sleep  that  was  worth  the  name,  he  restored  the 
component  parts  of  the  guard,  almost  perfectly  intact,  to  their  places, 
in  the  corps. 

From  this  point  the  army  marched  to  Tupelo — the  Reserve  Corps 
leaving  Baldwin  on  the  6th  of  June.  The  transportation  had  now  been 
reduced,  and  tents  and  baggage  curtailed  to  such  an  extent  that  but 
little  transportation  was  needed,  and  the  command  reached  Tupelo  on 
the  yth  and  8th  without  loss  or  molestation,  though  it  was  constantly 
rumored,  from  the  time  that  Corinth  was  out  of  sight,  that  the  Fed 
erals  were  advancing  in  force,  and  the  utmost  caution  and  vigilance 
were  exercised  daily. 

Having  arrived  at  Tupelo,  the  Reserve  Corps  was  encamped  from 
four  to  seven  miles  west  of  the  village,  on  the  wagon  road  to  Ponto- 
toc,  and  near  the  little  Coonewah  Creek.  They  had  suffered  with 
hunger,  heat,  and  dust,  hard  marching  and  want  of  sleep  and  rest  on 
the  retreat,  but  the  new  encampment  gave  little  promise  of  refreshing 
repose.  In  open  fields,  beside  a  dusty  road,  water  so  scarce  that  the 
digging  of  wells  had  to  be  resorted  to,  and  a  June  sun,  in  Mississippi, 
beaming  down  upon  almost  unprotected  heads — all  this  was  not 
calculated  to  inspire  one  with  the  idea  of  comfort,  and  still  less  was 
the  system  of  regular  drilling  in  an  unshaded,  parching  desert  of  a 
place,  that  was  kept  up  while  the  army  remained  there. 

On  the  i pth  of  June,  this  corps,  increased  by  a  brigade  of  Missouri 
infantry  under  Gen.  Parsons,  was  detached  from  the  main  army,  and 
marched  westward,  by  way  of  Pontotoc,  to  the  neighborhood  of  the 
Tallahatchie  bridge,  on  the  Mississippi  Central  Railroad,  a  Federal 


H4  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

advance  being  apprehended  from  the  direction  of  Grand  Junction. 
The  expedition  was  under  command  of  Gen.  Wm.  Preston,  (Gen.Breck- 
inridge  having  obtained  a  short  leave  of  absence  to  visit  Louisiana), 
and  on  the  22d  he  had  encamped  the  troops  within  four  miles  of  Abbe 
ville,  and  was  prepared  to  meet  the  contemplated  movement,  having, 
however,  but  about  ten  thousand  effective  men  at  his  disposal.  He 
was  likewise  to  remove  all  government  stores  from  Oxford  and  Gren- 
nada,  southward,  which  he  speedily  effected. 

The  Federal  columns  did  not  advance  as  had  been  anticipated,  and 
Gen.  Preston  was  ordered  to  the  relief  of  Van  Dorn,  at  Vicksburg. 
The  movement  began  on  the  25th,  the  troops,  baggage,  and  camp 
equipage  to  go  by  rail,  and  the  wagon  train  to  start  empty  across 
the  country,  for  the  purpose  of  gathering  up  supplies  for  the  now  be 
leaguered  "  Bluff  City."  Owing  to  scarcity  of  rolling  stock,  and  the 
difficulty  that  even  so  early  in  the  war  attended  railroad  transportation 
on  many  of  the  lines,  the  entire  command  had  not  reached  Vicksburg 
before  the  3Oth. 

The  division  went  into  camp  in  a  low,  narrow  valley  just  opposite 
and  below  the  "four-mile  bridge,"  on  the  right,  and  Gen.  Breckin- 
ridge  was  soon  in  command  again. 

Maj.-Gen.  Van  Dorn,  charged  with  the  defense  of  the  city  against 
the  combined  fleets  of  Admirals  Farragut  and  Porter,  had,  besides  the 
division  of  Gen.  Breckinridge,  from  one  to  two  thousand  infantry  and 
a  small  artillery  force  in  charge  of  heavy  ordnance  and  some  field 
guns  in  battery — the  whole  force  not  exceeding  ten  thousand  men  of 
all  arms.  He  assigned  Gen.  M.  L.  Smith  to  the  immediate  command 
of  the  city  and  its  defensive  works,  and  Gen.  Breckinridge  to  that  of 
the  entire  reserve  force,  and  the  execution  of  measures  designed  to 
guard  the  river  front,  above  and  below,  against  the  landing  of  Federal 
troops,  that  were  held  in  readiness,  on  transports,  to  be  thrown  into 
the  city  by  whatever  means  should  appear  most  practicable. 

Almost  the  entire  month  of  July  was  passed  here,  in  a  clime  and 
under  circumstances  most  adverse  to  the  troops  of  Kentucky ;  they 
suffered  greatly  by  reason  of  disease,  though  they  withstood  the  effects 
of  heat,  malarious  influences,  want  of  wholesome  supplies  and  pure  wa 
ter  even  better  than  the  native  soldiers.  None  were  exempt,  and  toward 
the  latter  part  of  the  month  the  sickness  became  alarming ;  but  its 
relative  influence  on  the  combatants  was  in  favor  of  the  Confederates, 
as  the  Federal  troops,  despite  all  their  sanitary  precautions,  abundant 
medical  stores,  and  well-supplied  commissariat,  were  daily  falling  vic 
tims  by  hundreds  to  the  pestilent  demon. 

After  the  departure  of  Gen.  Hawes,  Col.  Hunt  was  in  command  of 
his  brigade,  and  when  Gen.  Breckinridge  returned,  Preston  resumed 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  liRIGADE.  115 

command  of  his  own.  The  first  dispositions  of  Breckinridge's  division 
looking  to  the  repulse  of  any  attempt  by  the  Federals  to  land  troops 
and  occupy  the  city,  were  made  on  the  ist  of  July.  The  orders  to 
ihe  brigades  of  Preston  and  Hunt  specified  that  they  should  keep 
forty  rounds  of  cartridges  in  boxes,  and  one  day's  cooked  rations  con 
stantly  on  hand ;  that  full  regimental  guards  should  be  posted  in  ad 
vantageous  positions,  with  instructions  to  watch  for  rocket  signals  from 
Vicksburg — the  signal  for  movemen't  to  be  three  rockets  from  the  city, 
following  each  other  rapidly,  and  a  fourth  after  a  short  interval.  The 
moment  the  signals  were  given,  these  brigades  were  to  form  with 
out  knapsacks,  and  march  rapidly  along  the  Jackson  road  to  Vicks 
burg,  without  further  orders — commanding  officers  to  acquaint  them 
selves  with  the  toute  from  their  encampments,  and  be  able  to  move 
promptly  by  day  or  night. 

On  the  2d,  the  mortar  fleets  began  the  bombardment  of  the  city, 
\vhich  was  kept  up  with  scarcely  a  day's  intermission,  until  the  evening 
of  the  25th.  The  city  presented  a  sad  scene  when  the  shells  began  to 
burst  over  and  within  its  limits.  The  heroic  people  had  expressed 
their  preference  for  risking  its  destruction  to  its  occupation  by  the 
Federal  forces,  and,  with  no  adequate  means  of  removing  their  per- 
^onal  property,  or  even  themselves,  many  families  yet  occupied  their 
homes.  When  the  upper  fleet  opened  fire,  some  retired  from  the  city, 
\vhile  others  took  refuge  in  the  cellars  and  other  places  that  promised 
protection. 

In  some  instances,  excavations  were  made  in  the  sides  of  the  hills 
\vith  which  the  city  abounds,  and  the  inhabitants  sought,  in  these, 
refuge  from  the  storm.  Moving  out  on  foot,  during  that  first  week  of 
the  enemy's  operations,  might  be  seen  the  old  and  decrepit,  and  fre 
quently  a  mother  with  her  family  of  little  children,  whose  father  was, 
perhaps,  in  the  far-off  Army  of  Virginia,  and  happily  unconscious  of 
the  deadly  peril  of  his  beloved,  and  the  hard  fate  that  awaited  them 
as  refugees  from  their  homes. 

A  different  arrangement  of  the  forces  was  made  on  the  3d.  The 
brigade  of  Col.  Hunt  was  disposed  in  the  following  order:  Two  regi 
ments  were  placed  in  the  deep  railroad  cut  under  the  bridge  nearest 
the  river,  and  in  the  lower  part  of  the  city,  with  two  companies  at  the 
mouth  of  the  cut,  near  a  field  battery  known  as  Starling's,  and  senti 
nels  close  down  to  the  river.  The  rest  of  the  brigade  was  held  in  re 
serve  south  of  the  railroad  cut,  in  the  valley  in  rear  of  Smede's  house. 

Gen.  Preston  took  position  in  supporting  distance  of  the  upper  bat 
teries.  Two  regiments  were  to  be  constantly  on  duty  near  the  bat 
teries,  and  the  others  held  in  reserve,  close  at  hand.  Both  brigades 
were  to  leave  sufficient  force,  under  command  of  officers,  in  the  camps 


116  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

first  established,  to  guard  them,  and  cook  and  carry  rations  to  the  out 
post.  One-third  of  the  force  at  the  front  were  to  return  alternately  to 
the  old  camps,  for  the  purpose  of  washing  clothes  and  persons. 

The  general  plan,  as  it  regarded  the  Kentucky  troops,  though  with 
various  modifications,  prevailed  during  the  siege.  On  the  5th  of  July, 
the  Fourth  Kentucky  and  a  battery  were  detached  and  sent  down  to 
the  crossing  of  the  Big  Bayou  below  Warrenton,  to  prevent  the  ap 
proach  of  Federals  from  that  direction  for  a  land  attack,  where  they 
remained  for  about  a  week.  (See  end  of  chapter). 

On  the  8th  of  July  Gen.  Helm  assumed  command  of  Hawes' 
brigade,  and  Col.  Hunt  returned  to  his  regiment. 

The  incidents  of  most  peculiar  moment  which  transpired  during  the 
time  that  Gen.  Breckinridge  remained  there,  was  the  attack  upon  the 
enemy's  fleet  by  the  "Arkansas;"  an  engagement  between  the  Con 
federate  batteries  and  the  upper  fleet;  on  the  evening  of  the  same  day, 
the  1 5th,  and  the  attempt  to  destroy  the  "  Arkansas."  The  enemy  at 
no  time  made  a  direct  attempt  to  land,  but  the  troops  were  kept  always 
in  readiness,  and  were  always  more  or  less  exposed  to  the  furious  shell 
ing  that  took  place  regularly  in  the  forenoon  and  afternoon  of  each 
day.  A  few  casualties  occurred  among  the  Kentuckians,  which  are 
referred  to  in  the  latter  part  of  the  work. 

One  attack  upon  the  "  Arkansas"  occurred  on  the  morning  of  the 
22d,  shortly  after  sunrise.  The  Essex  came  down  to  where  the 
ram  lay,  at  the  levee,  and  having  given  it  a  furious  broadside,  at 
tempted  to  grapple  and  board  it,  but  was  foiled,  and  withdrew.  A 
detail  from  Helm's  and  Preston's  brigades  had  been  made  to  supply 
the  place,  temporarily,  of  those  who  had  been  killed  and  wounded, 
on  the  morning  of  the  i5th.  Some  of  them  were  on  board  and  as 
sisted  in  repelling  the  attack  of  the  "Essex;"  and  one,  Caleb  \V. 
Allen,  distinguished  himself  by  his  exertions  and  intrepidity  in  work 
ing  a  heavy  gun,  and  anticipating  the  movements  of  a  Federal  officer 
who  attempted  to  enter  a  port-hole  during  a  pause  between  discharges 
of  his  piece,  and  whom  he  killed  with  a  pistol-shot. 

A  plan  for  floating  a  submarine  battery  from  the  city  front  to  be  fired 
under  the  lower  fleet  was  conceived  by  one  McDaniel,  of  Allen  county, 
Kentucky,  and  it  appeared  so  plausible  that  he  obtained  the  ear  of  the 
authorities,  and  was  furnished  with  the  means  of  carrying  it  into  effect. 
Some  twelve  or  fifteen  men  of  one  of  Preston's  Kentucky  regiments 
were  named  by  McDaniel  himself,  and  permitted  to  volunteer  for  the 
occasion;  and  everything  was  being  rapidly  put  in  readiness  one  dark 
night,  when  some  break  or  other  mishap  occurred,  which  so  materially 
crippled  his  arrangements  as  to  defeat  the  entire  plan,  and  no  further 
effort  was  made  to  test  it  during  the  siege. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  117 

The  conduct  of  the  Kentucky  troops  here,  though  marked  by  none 
or"  those  more  brilliant  passages  in  the  life  of  a  soldier  that  characterize 
great  battles,  was  one,  nevertheless,  of  constant  danger;  and  the  man 
ner  in  which  they  discharged  their  duties,  whether  as  pickets,  sharp 
shooters,,  or  drawn  out  in  full  force  to  repel  anticipated  efforts  to 
disembark  Federal  forces — bearing  at  all  times  cheerfully  the  trial  of 
being  exposed  to  the  enemy's  artillery  fire  without  engaging  in  active 
resistance — won  the  confidence  of  the  general  commanding  depart 
ment,  and  confirmed  among  the  Southern  people  the  reputation  won 
at  Shiloh. 

Gen.  Van  Dorn,  on  the  :8th  of  July,  issued  a  congratulatory  order 
to  the  troops  defending  Vicksburg,  from  which  we  make  the  following 
extract : 

"Your  conduct  thus  far,  under  the  circumstances  which  surround 
you,  has  won  the  admiration  of  your  countrymen.  Cool  and  self- 
possessed  under  the  concentrated  fire  of  more  than  forty  vessels  of  war 
and  mortar-boats,  you  have  given  assurances  that  the  city  intrusted  to 
your  keeping  will  not  be  given  up  to  the  blustering  demands  of  can 
non  nor  the  noisy  threatenings  of  bombshells. 

#  *  *  To  have  been  among  the  defenders  of  Vicksburg  will  be 
the  boast  hereafter  of  those  who  shall  bear  your  names,  and  a  living 
joy  by  your  hearthstones  forever." 

Here  the  command  remained  till  July  27th,  when  in  pursuance  of 
orders,  Gen.  Breckinridge  set  out  to  reduce  the  Federal  garrison  at 
Baton  Rouge,  an  account  of  which  expedition  will  be  found  in  the  fol 
lowing  chapter. 

INCIDENTS    AND    ANECDOTES. 

I.  Breckinridge  and  Van  Dorn. — When  Breckinridge's  division 
was  ordered  to  the  defense  of  Vicksburg  against  the  fleets  lying  both 
above  and  below,  Van  Dorn  was  in  command  of  the  department,  with 
headquarters  then  at  Vicksburg,  and  of  course  Breckinridge  was  sub- 
ject  to  his  orders.  Soon  after  the  division  went  into  camp  about  the 
city,  an  Orphan  had  occasion  one  day  to  visit  department  headquarters, 
where  he  saw  Van  Dorn  for  the  first  time,  and  with  him  was  Gen. 
Breckinridge.  The  contrast  between  the  men  was  very  great,  and  it 
struck  the  observer.  He  had  not  been  in  service  long  enough  to 
reconcile  him  to  the  incongruity  of  having  the  finest-looking  man  in 
the  Confederacy,  and  that  man  a  Kentuckian,  subordinate  to  one  so 
apparently  inferior  in  every  way. 

Our  Orphan  transacted  his  business  and  was  busy  meanwhile  taking 
notes.  He  wondered,  and  still  his  wonder  grew,  till  he  got  back  to 
camp,  by  which  time  he  was  ready  to  explode.  Being  a  man  of  some 
volubility  and  fair  descriptive  powers,  he  made  an  impression  that 
was  never  erased  from  the  minds  of  his  hearers.  Coxcomb,  dandy, 


118  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

fop.  ball-room  beau — and  such  a  thing  of  paint,  perfume,  and  feathers 
to  command  our  Breckinridge — and  us !  The  thing  was  so  preposter 
ous  in  his  sight  that  it  seemed  to  call  in  question  the  wisdom  of  a  mil 
itary  establishment  that  allowed  rank  to  take  priority  to  men.  We 
learned  a  good  deal  afterwards  as  to  Van  Dorn's  ability  and  fighting 
qualities,  but,  for  the  time  he  seemed  to  be  almost  as  odious  to  our 
critic  as  the  "thing  that  smelt  so  sweet3'  was  to  Hotspur. 

II.  Celebrating  the  4th  of  July  During  the  Siege  ;  Expedi 
tion  of  the  Fourth  Regiment  Down  the  River. — On  the  morn 
ing  of  the  4th  day  of  July,  1862,  we  naturally  supposed  the  Federals 
would  celebrate  the  day  by  an  extraordinary  bombardment  of  the  city, 
and  thus  make  things  somewhat  lively  for  us.  The  sun  arose  with  un 
usual  splendor;  expectation  was  on  tip-toe;  but  to  our  surprise  a 
silence,  profound  as  death,  rested  upon  the  combatants  until  just  at 
noon,  when  both  fleets  opened  fire  with  every  gun.  They  rent  the 
heavens  with  the  fury  of  exploding  shells ;  the  shore  batteries  instantly 
responded,  and  for  half  an  hour  these  tremendous  engines  of  death 
vomited  forth  their  horrible  contents,  and  then  ceased  as  suddenly  as 
they  began,  not  another  gun  being  fired- during  the  day. 

On  the  following  day  the  Fourth  Regiment,  with  a  battery,  was  or 
dered  to  a  point  on  the  Mississippi  river  just  below  Warrenton,  four 
teen  miles  from  Vicksburg.  This  place  was  a  wide,  swampy  bottom 
on  the  east  side  of  the  river,  and  occupied  a  bend  in  the  river,  which, 
with  the  bluffs  on  the  east,  inclosed  several  hundred  acres.  This  bot 
tom  had  been  overflowed,  and  the  cottonwood  trees  which  grew  on  a 
considerable  portion  of  it  had  caught  and  held  large  quantities  of 
brush,  drift  wood,  etc.  Our  mission  was  to  conceal  ourselves  and  our 
battery  in  this  drift,  near  the  river,  and  pounce  upon  any  steamer 
which  might  undertake  to  pass  up  the  river.  It  did  not  take  us  long 
to  conceal  ourselves  in  this  wilderness  and  plant  our  guns  along  the 
river  bank.  Of  course  they  were  nicely  masked.  Sentinels  were  posted 
down  the  river.  Five  days  passed  in  the  pleasant  occupations  of  eat 
ing,  sleeping,  and  fighting  mosquitoes  without  a  single  alarm  or  sign  of 
the  enemy.  On  the  fifth  day  the  pickets  sent  in  information  that 
a  small  craft,  with  several  men  in  it,  was  crossing  the  river  from  the 
Louisiana  shore,  a  mile  or  so  below  us. 

The  Colonel  immediately  ordered  a  Sergeant  to  select  a  squad  of 
six  men  to  investigate  the  movement.  This  was  done  and  we 
proceeded  down  the  river  as  fast  as  possible,  and  concealed  ourselves 
in  the  bushes,  near  the  point  which  the  batteaux  seemed  to  be  making 
for.  The  moment  it  struck  shore  we  sprang  from  our  hiding  places, 
with  cocked  guns,  and  demanded  a  surrender.  The  enemy  consisted 
of  four  lusty  negro  men  and  one  woman.  With  these  we  captured 
several  bundles  of  old  clothing,  bed-quilts,  and  other  trumpery  prized 
by  negroes.  Had  we  dropped  from  the  clouds,  out  of  a  clap  of  thun 
der,  the  poor  darkies  could  not  have  been  more  astonished  and  terri 
fied.  With  dilated  eyes  and  trembling  limbs  they  awaited  death, 
which  they  evidently  thought  was  at  hand.  In  answer  to  the  Sergeant's 
inquiry,  "Who  are  you?  Where  are  you  going?"  one  of  them  an 
swered  supplicatingly,  "  We'se  nothing  but  poor  niggers,  massa,  trying 
to  git  wid  our  folks  on  dis  side  of  de  river."  Ordering  them  to  shoul 
der  their  baggage,  we  led  them  to  the  Colonel,  who  gathered  from 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  I'.RIGADE.  119 

them  that  they  were  the  slaves  of  a  Louisiana  planter,  who  had  fled 
from  his  home  on  the  approach  of  the  yankees,  leaving  them  to  take 
care  of  themselves;  and  they,  being  scarcely  less  terrified  at  the  name 
of  yankee  than  their  master,  were  seeking  to  reach  their  friends  and 
relatives  in  Mississippi.  The  Colonel  sent  them  on  their  way. 

On  the  morning  of  the  i2th  day  of  our  ambush,  about  an  hour  be 
fore  dawn,  the  pickets  reported  a  steamboat  coming  up  the  river. 
When  she  had  arrived  nearly  opposite  the  battery  the  guns  opened  on 
her  with  shot  and  shell.  Her  lights  were  almost  instantly  extinguished, 
and  her  speed  increased  ;  but  before  she  could  get  out  of  range  a  num 
ber  of  shot  struck,  as  we  could  distinctly  hear  them  crashing  through 
her  timbers.  They  failed,  however,  to  disable  her,  and  she  sped  on  her 
way  up  the  river.  It  was  now  apparent  that  our  longer  stay  would  be 
useless.  The  Federals  would  almost  certainly  send  a  gunboat  to  in 
vestigate  and  avenge  the  insult  if  possible.  We  had  no  particular  de 
sire  to  tackle  one  of  these  monsters,  so  we  limbered  up  and  pulled  out 
about  dawn,  and»in  a  few  hours  had  gained  the  summit  of  the  high 
bluffs  back  of  Warrenton,  a  few  miles  nearer  the  city,  where  we  had 
a  fine  view  of  the  river.  As  we  came  into  view  a  flat,  black,  villainous- 
looking  gunboat  was  just  squaring  herself  in  the  river  opposite  our  re 
cent  hiding  place ;  and  it  was  with  some  satisfaction  that  we  contem 
plated  our  safe  distance  as  she  poured  a  broadside  from  her  heavy 
guns  into  the  unoccupied  timber.  —  Thomas  Owens,  (fourth  Kentucky}. 

III.  Dodd's  Unequal  but  Gallant  Fight.— In  the  Brief  His 
tory  of  Individuals  will  be  found  various  allusions  to  the  officers  who 
took  other  service  when  the  Kentucky  regiments  were  reorganized. 
The  experience  of  one  of  them,  Lieut.  Thomas  L.  Dodd,  of  Glasgow, 
deserves  special  mention.  He  was  soon  afterward  appointed  lieutenant 
of  artillery,  and  assigned  to  duty  with  the  famous  Morgan  Battery, 
with  others,  whom  he  had  assisted  in  recruiting  a  company  for  that 
arm.  The  battery  was  given  them  by  Gen.  Leonidas  Polk,  and  they 
were  attached  with  it  to  the  Fourth  Battalion  Tennessee  Cavalry, 
Morgan's  Brigade.  The  battalion  was  then  doing  duty  on  the  Ken 
tucky  border  as  a  separate  command,  and  while  there,  was  attacked 
by  an  entire  brigade  of  Federal  cavalry,  and  a  large  part  of  it  killed, 
captured,  and  scattered.  He  remained  with  the  battery  and  strove  to 
rally  the  command  in  the  face  of  the  enemy ;  but  they  were  new  and 
undisciplined  troops,  and  being  almost  surrounded  by  overwhelming 
numbers,  they  retreated  in  confusion.  With  a  few  faithful  men  he  at 
tempted  to  cover  the  retreat  and  prevent  the  entire  destruction  of  the 
rommand,  but  the  men  were  killed  or  disabled,  with  the  exception  of 
Private  Gilleland  ;  and  the  charging  column  demanded  their  surrender. 
Gilleland  escaped  into  the  bushes,  and  Dodd,  determined  to  make  the 
attempt  on  his  horse,  fired  his  pistol  at  the  pursuers,  wheeled  into  the 
lorest,  and  after  a  furious  ride,  distanced  his  foes,  and  rejoined  such  of 
the  command  as  had  gotten  together.  For  his  conduct  on  this  oc 
casion,  he  was  promoted  to  captain  of  cavalry,  and  served  with  Gen. 
Debrell,  in  Forrest's  campaigns  in  East  Tennessee,  and  at  the  battle 
of  Chickamauga,  where  he  was  complimented  by  his  commander  for 
gallant  conduct.  He  was  shortly  afterward  severely  wounded,  but 
measurably  recovered  (though  the  ball  was  permitted  to  remain  im 
bedded  in  his  right  shoulder).  Having  been  disabled  for  active  field 


120  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

duty,  he  afterward  did  various  service  till  the  close  of  the  war,  in  com 
mand  of  provost  force  at  Covington,  Ga.,  and  of  two  companies  for 
the  protection  of  Atlanta  from  raiding  parties  that  might  operate  from 
Dalton,  in  the  winter  of  1864-5.  He  was,  meanwhile,  recommended 
by  Gen.  Ho  well  Cobb  for  promotion  to  provost  marshal-general  of 
Georgia,  but  the  war  terminated  before  the  application  was  acted  upon. 

IV.  Graphic   Description  of  a   Sublime   Spectacle. — The 
following  allusion  to  the  affair  of  July  i5th,  referred  to  in  preceding 
chapter,  is  from  the  journal  of  John  S.  Jackman,  Ninth  Kentucky: 

"  Late  in  the  afternoon  we  marched  to  our  old  position,  about  the 
railroad  cut.  Just  as  we  were  filing  off  the  railroad,  up  a  street,  where 
there  was  a  high  bluff  that  would  protect  us  in  a  measure  from  the 
shells,  all  the  upper  batteries  opened,  and  were  replied  to  by  the  upper 
fleet,  as  it  dropped  down  before  the  city.  The  first  intimation  we  had 
of  this  movement  was  when  one  of  these  long,  conical  shells — two  feet 
in  length  and  ten  inches  in  diameter — came  shrieking  over  our  heads, 
making  something  like  the  noise  of  a  man  screaming  in  agony.  Soon 
the  fight  became  general.  The  mortar  fleets,  above  and  below,  filled 
the  air  with  bursting  shells;  the  fleets  vomited  forth  both  iron  and 
flame ;  our  batteries  thundered  till  the  very  earth  trembled ;  the  enemy's 
hot  shot  were  flying  through  the  air,  mimicking  the  forked-tongued 
lightning;  and  flashes  of  artillery  made  the  night  as  light  as  day.  To 
heighten  the  grand  scene,  some  buildings  up  town  took  fire  from  the 
hot  missiles,  and  a  pillow  or  flame  pierced  the  very  heavens.  As  the 
storm-cloud  passes,  so  did  this.  Soon  a  perfect  silence  brooded  over 
the  city — the  whole  affair  lasted,  perhaos.  an  hour — and  we  went  to 
sleep." 

V.  Starving  Him  Into  Terms. — Old  soldiers  can  recall  occas 
ional  experiences  with  men  who  would  do  guard,  picket,  and  special 
duty,  and  go  to  battle,  but  draw  the  line  at  mess-work,  and  could 
hardly  be  driven  to  do  their  share  of  providing  water  and  fuel  and 
taking  a  turn  at  preparing  meals.     I  am  indebted  to  Smith  E.  Winn, 
one  of  the  non-commissioned  officers  of  Co.   D,  Sixth  Kentucky,  a 
scholar  and  a  gentleman,  and  as  good  a  soldier  as  ever  shouldered  a 
gun,  for  the  following :     Pryor  Murphy,  of  that  company,  was  notori 
ously  delinquent  in  the  particular  alluded  to,  and  made  a  very  unde 
sirable  mess-mate.      During  the  first  siege  of  Vicksburg,  Murphy  be 
came  one  of  Winn's  mess,  and  the  latter  was  a  man  who  wouldn't  be 
imposed  on  three  times  a  day  for  all  the  days  in  the  week,  and  by 
agreement  with  the  others  he  read  the  law  to  Mr.  Murphy :    If  he 
wouldn't  work  he  shouldn't  eat.     At  the  first  breakfast  afterward  he 
was  unceremoniously  shouldered  out ;  but  he  seemed  to  feel  that  his 
refusal  to  work  was  a  matter  of  principle,  and  he  declined  to  give  in 
during  the  day,  so  that  tattoo  found  him  unquestionably  very  hungry, 
since  no  other  mess  had  enough  to  spare  to  be  charitably  disposed  and 
to  encourage  a  do-nothing  policy.     The  mess  had  a  tent  at  that  time, 
and  when  they  chose  to  take  shelter  under  it,  the  front  curtains  were 
fastened  back  to  admit  the   air.     During  the  night  Winn   chanced  to 
wake  up  and  find  the  interior  of  the  tent  flooded  with  light.      Some 
what  astonished,  he  rose  to  a  sitting  posture  and  discovered  Murphy 
seated  a  little  in  front,  with  a  bright  fire  on  each  hand.   He  called  out: 
"Pry,  what  are  you  doing  there?"  Now  the  offending  soul  had  a  lisp 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN'  BRIGADE.  121 

and  no  use  for  initial  j's  or  s's,  and  he  replied  with  emphasis :  "  Thmith, 
I'm  thess  a-runnin'  two  fires!  "  Further  investigation  showed  that  he 
had  gone  to  a  country  cornpatch  and  provided  himself  with  a  lot  of 
roasting  ears,  which  he  now  had  reclining  on  end  before  his  two  fires, 
and  he  was  intently  engaged  in  preparing  "to  fill  a  long- felt  want," 
independently  of  his  comrades  and  of  the  regimental  commissary. 


122  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 


CHAPTER  VII. 

THE    BATTLE    OF    BATON    ROUGE. 

The  enemy  now  held  Baton  Rouge,  (the  capital  of  Louisiana),  with 
a  land  force  of  about  thirty-five  hundred  men  and  four  or  five  gun 
boats  with  accompanying  transports.  Communication  with  Vicks- 
burg  by  way  of  the  Red  River  was  thus  cut  off,  and  the  garrison 
deprived  of  much-needed  supplies,  which  were  abundant  in  the  re 
gions  drained  by  that  river  and  hard  to  be  obtained  from  other  quar 
ters.  Van  Dorn  deemed  it  important  to  reduce  Baton  Rouge,  for  this 
and  other  military  reasons,  and  so  open  the  navigation  of  Red  River 
and  the  Mississippi  to  Vicksburg.  He  therefore  ordered  Gen.  Breck- 
inridge  to  move  upon  the  place  with  five  thousand  picked  men,  among 
them  the  five  Kentucky  regiments  in  his  division,  including  Cobb's 
Battery,  constituting  much  the  greater  part  of  his  force.  When  he 
moved,  however,  he  had  in  hand  but  about  four  thousand  of  all  arms  ; 
but  at  Camp  Moore  a  small  force  under  Gen.  Ruggles  was  added  to 
these.  The  ram  "  Arkansas,"  which  had  been  repaired  after  the  con 
flict  noticed  in  preceding  chapter,  was  to  cooperate  with  the  land 
forces  by  simultaneously  attacking  the  gunboats  before  Baton  Rouge. 

The  conduct  of  the  expedition  and  the  immediate  result  are  best 
given  in  the  reports  of  the  commanding  general  and  the  officers  who- 
led  the  various  organizations.  The  ultimate  result,  as  will  also  be  seen, 
was  that  after  the  partial  failure  of  the  attack,  Gen.  Breckinridge  re 
tired  to  the  Comite  River,  leaving  a  force  of  observation  near  the 
town  ;  the  enemy  ceased  to  send  out  marauding  parties,  to  despoil  the 
country  and  annoy  the  citizens ;  in  a  few  days  a  detachment  under 
Ruggles  was  sent  to  occupy  Port  Hudson,  a  strong  point  on  the  Mis 
sissippi  below  the  mouth  of  Red  River;  and  the  Federal  garrison 
abandoned  Baton  Rouge,  so  that  there  was  now  communication  by 
that  important  route  with  a  field  as  yet  rich  in  supplies. 

HEADQUARTERS  BRECKINRIDGE'S  DIVISION, 
September  30,  1862. 

Major  M.  M,  Kimmel,  Assistant  Adjutant- General — 

SIR  :  I  have  the  honor  to  report  the  operations  of  a  portion  of  my 
division,  recently  ordered  from  Vicksburg  to  Camp  Moore  and  Baton. 
Rouge,  La.,  by  Maj.-Gen.  Van  Dorn  : 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  123 

I  left  Vicksburg  on  the  2-jth  of  July,  with  somewhat  less  than  four 
thousand  men,  and  arrived  at  Camp  Moore  the  evening  of  the  28th. 
The  major-general  commanding  the  district,  having  received  intelli 
gence  that  the  enemy  was  threatening  Camp  Moore  in  force,  the 
movement  was  made  suddenly  and  rapidly  by  railroad,  and,  having 
but  few  cars,  nothing  could  be  transported  except  the  troops,  with 
their  arms  and  ammunition.  Brig. -Gen.  Charles  Clarke,  who  had  re 
ported  for  duty  but  a  few  days  before  our  departure  from  Vicksburg, 
promptly  and  kindly  consented  to  accompany  the  expedition.  Brig.- 
Gen.  Ruggles  was  already  at  Camp  Moore,  in  command  of  a  small 
force,  with  which  he  had  kept  the  enemy  in  check.  The  troops  were 
immediately  organized  in  two  divisions,  Gen.  Clarke  taking  command 
of  the  first,  and  Gen.  Ruggles  of  the  second.  The  rumor  of  an  ad 
vance  of  the  enemy  upon  Camp  Moore  proved  to  be  unfounded. 

On  the  3oth  of  July,  in  obedience  to  a  dispatch  of  the  2Qth  from  the 
major-general  commanding  the  district,  the  troops  were  put  in  motion 
for  Baton  Rouge.  During  the  march  I  received  information  that  the 
effective  force  of  the  enemy  was  not  less  than  five  thousand  men,  and 
that  the  ground  was  commanded  by  three  gunboats  lying  in  the  river. 
My  own  troops  having  suffered  severely  from  the  effects  of  exposure 
at  Vicksburg,  from  heavy  rains,  without  shelter,  and  from  the  extreme 
heat,  did  not  now  number  more  than  thirty-four  hundred  men.  Under 
these  circumstances,  I  determined  not  to  make  the  attack  unless  we 
could  be  relieved  from  the  fire  of  the  fleet.  Accordingly,  I  tele 
graphed  to  the  major-general  commanding  the  condition  and  number 
of  the  troops  and  the  reported  strength  of  the  enemy;  but  said  I 
would  undertake  to  capture  the  garrison  if  the  "  Arkansas"  could  be 
sent  down  to  clear  the  river,  or  divert  the  fire  of  the  gunboats.  He 
promptly  answered  that  the  "  Arkansas"  would  be  ready  to  cooperate 
at  daylight  on  Tuesday  morning,  the  5th  of  August. 

On  the  afternoon  of  Monday,  the  command  having  reached  the 
Comite  River,  ten  miles  from  Baton  Rouge  ;  and  learning  by  an  ex 
press  messenger  that  the  "  Arkansas"  had  passed  Bayou  Sara  in  time 
to  arrive  at  the  proper  moment,  preparations  were  made  to  advance 
that  night. 

The  sickness  had  been  appalling.  The  morning  report  of  the  4th 
showed  but  three  thousand  effective,  and  deducting  those  taken  sick 
during  the  day,  and  the  number  that  fell  out  from  weakness  on  the 
night  march,  I  did  not  carry  into  the  action  more  than  twenty-six  hun 
dred  men.  This  estimate  does  not  include  some  two  hundred  Partisan 
Rangers,  who  had  performed  efficient  service  in  picketing  the  different 
roads,  but  who,  from  the  nature  of  the  ground,  took  no  part  in  the  ac 
tion  ;  nor  about  the  same  number  of  militia,  hastily  collected  by  CoL 


J24  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

Hardee,  in  the  neighborhood  of  Clinton,  who,  though  making  every 
effort,  could  not  arrive  in  time  to  participate. 

The  command  left  the  Comite  at  n  o'clock  p.  M.,  and  reached  the 
vicinity  of  Baton  Rouge  a  little  before  day-break  on  the  morning  of  the 
5th.  Some  hours  before  the  main  body  moved,  a  small  force  of 
infantry,  with  a  section  of  Semmes'  Battery,  under  Lieut.  Fauntleroy, 
the  whole  commanded  by  Lieut. -Col.  Shields,  of  the  Thirtieth  Louisiana, 
was  sent,  by  a  circuitous  route,  to  the  road  leading  from  Clinton  to 
Baton  Rouge,  with  orders  to  drive  in  any  pickets  of  the  enemy,  and 
attack  his  left  as  soon  as  the  action  should  begin  in  front.  This 
service  was  well  performed ;  but  for  details  reference  is  made  to  the 
reoort  of  Brig. -Gen.  Ruggles,  from  whose  command  the  force  was 
detached. 

While  waiting  for  daylight  to  make  the  attack,  an  accident  occurred, 
which  deprived  us  of  several  excellent  officers  and  enlisted  men  and 
two  pieces  of  artillery. 

The  Partisan  Rangers  were  placed  in  rear  of  the  artillery  and  in 
fantry,  yet,  during  the  darkness,  a  few  of  them  leaked  through,  and, 
riding  forward,  encountered  the  enemy,  causing  exchange  of  shots  be 
tween  the  pickets.  Galloping  back,  they  produced  some  confusion, 
which  led  to  rapid  firing  for  a  few  moments,  during  which  Brig. -Gen. 
Helm  was  dangerously  wounded  by  the  fall  of  his  horse ;  *  Lieut. 
Alexander  Todd,  his  aide-de-camp,  was  killed;  Capt.  Roberts,  of 
the  Fourth  Kentucky,  was  severely  wounded;  several  enlisted  men 
were  killed  and  wounded,  and  two  of  Capt.  Cobb's  three  guns  were 
rendered,  for  a  time,  wholly  useless.  After  Gen.  Helm  was  disabled, 
Col.  Tho.  H.  Hunt  assumed  command  of  his  brigade. 

Order  was  soon  restored,  and  the  force  placed  in  position  on  the 
right  and  left  of  the  Greenwell  Springs  road.  I  was  obliged  to  con 
tent  myself  with  a  single  line  of  battle,  and  a  small  regiment  of  infantry 
with  one  piece  of  artillery  to  each  division  as  a  reserve.  The  enemy 
(expecting  the  attack)  was  drawn  up  in  two  lines,  or,  rather,  in  one 
line,  with  strong  reserves  distributed  at  intervals.  At  the  moment 
there  was  light  enough  our  troops  moved  rapidly  forward.  Gen.  Rug 
gles,  commanding  the  left,  brought  on  the  engagement  with  four  pieces 
of  Semmes'  Battery,  the  Fourth  and  Thirtieth  Louisiana,  and  Boyd's 
Louisiana  Battalion,  under  the  command  of  Col.  Allen,  of  the  Fourth 
Louisiana;  and  the  Third,  Sixth  and  Seventh  Kentucky,  and  the 
Thirty-fifth  Alabama,  under  the  command  of  Col.  Thompson,  of  the 
Third  Kentucky.  These  troops  moved  forward  with  great  impetu 
osity,  driving  the  enemy  before  them,  while  their  ringing  cheers  in- 

*  Lieut.  Col.  John  W.  Caldwell  also  had  his  horse  killed,  and  was  much  hurt  by 
.being  thrown  against  a  gun  carriage  as  the  horse  rushed  back  headlong  and  fell. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  125 

spired  all  our  little  command.     The  Louisiana  troops  charged  a  battery 
and  captured  two  pieces. 

At  this  point,  Col.  Allen,  commanding  the  brigade,  while  pressing 
forward  with  the  colors  in  his  hand,  had  both  legs  shattered,  and 
Lieut.-Col.  Boyd  received  a  severe  wound.  This  produced  confus 
ion,  and  the  enemy  at  the  same  moment  throwing  forward  a  strong  re- 
enforcement,  the  brigade  was  forced  back  in  some  disorder.  It  was 
rallied  by  the  efforts  of  Col.  Breaux,  Lieut.-Col.  Hunter,  and  other 
officers,  and  although  it  did  not  further  participate  in  the  assault,  it 
maintained  its  position  under  a  fire  from  the  gunboats  and  land  batteries 
of  the  enemy.  During  this  time  Thompson's  brigade,  which  composed 
the  right  of  Ruggles'  division,  was  behaving  with  great  gallantry. 
After  driving  back  superior  forces,  toward  the  close  of  the  action  it 
took  part  in  the  final  struggle  from  a  position  immediately  on  the  left 
of  the  First  Division.  Col.  Thompson  being  severely  wounded  in  a 
charge,  the  command  devolved  upon  Col.  Robertson,  of  the  Thirty- 
fifth  Alabama,  whose  conduct  fully  justified  the  confidence  of  his 
troops. 

The  Louisiana  Battery,  Capt.  Semmes,  was  admirably  handled 
throughout.  The  First  Division,  under  Gen.  Clarke,  being  the  Second 
Brigade,  composed  of  the  Fourth  and  Ninth  Kentucky,  Thirty-first 
Mississippi,  and  Fourth  Alabama,  commanded  by  Col.  Hunt,  of  the 
Ninth  Kentucky,  and  the  Fourth  Brigade,  composed  of  the  Fifteenth 
and  Twenty-second  Mississippi,  and  the  Nineteenth,  Twentieth, 
Twenty-eighth,  and  Forty-fifth  Tennessee,  consolidated  into  one  bat 
talion,  commanded  by  Col.  Smith,  of  the  Twentieth  Tennessee, 
together  with  the  Hudson  Battery,  Lieut.  Sweeney,  and  one  piece  of 
Cobb's  Battery,  advanced  to  the  right  of  the  Greenwell  Springs  road. 

On  the  right  as  on  the  left,  the  enemy  was  constantly  pressed  back, 
until,  after  several  hours  of  fighting,  he  was  driven  to  his  last  encamp 
ment  in  a  large  grove  just  in  rear  of  the  penitentiary.  Here  the  con 
test  was  hot  and  obstinate,  and  it  was  here  that  the  First  Division  suf 
fered  the  greatest  loss.  Col.  Hunt  was  shot  down,  and,  upon  the  fall 
of  that  excellent  officer,  at  the  suggestion  of  Gen.  Clarke,  and  with 
the  consent  of  the  officers  concerned,  I  placed  Capt.  John  A.  Buck- 
ner,  assistant  adjutant-general  on  my  staff,  in  command  of  the  Second 
Brigade.  In  the  management  of  his  command  he  displayed  so  high  a 
degree  of  skill  and  courage,  that  I  commend  him  especially  to  the 
notice  of  the  Government. 

Gen.  Clarke  pressed  the  attack  at  this  point  with  great  vigor,  until 
he  received  a  wound  which  was  supposed  to  be  mortal,  when,  through 
some  misapprehension,  the  brigade  began  to  fall  back  down  the  slope, 
but  without  confusion.  Capt.  Buckner,  learning,  upon  inquiry  from 


126  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

me,  that  I  did  not  desire  a  retrograde  movement,  immediately,  aided  by 
Maj.  Wickliffe,  of  the -Ninth  Kentucky  (Lieut. -Col.  Caldwell,  who  was 
injured  by  the  accident  of  the  preceding  night,  having  been  obliged  to 
retire),  and  other  regimental  commanders,  faced  the  brigade  about 
and  renewed  the  attack.  At  the  same  time  Col.  Smith,  commanding 
the  Fourth  Brigade,  composed  of  the  consolidated  Tennessee  regi 
ments  and  the  Twenty-second  Mississippi,  Capt.  Hughes,  were  ordered 
forward,  and  moved  against  the  enemy  in  fine  style.  In  a  few  moments 
Capt.  Hughes  received  a  mortal  wound  at  the  head  of  his  regiment. 

Observing  some  troops  on  the  left,  partially  sheltered  by  a  shallow 
cut  in  the  road,  who  proved  to  be  the  remnant  of  Thompson's  brigade, 
and  out  of  ammunition,  I  ordered  them  to  advance  to  the  support  of 
the  First  Division  with  the  bayonet.  The  order  was  promptly  obeyed, 
and  in  executing  it,  I  happened  to  observe,  as  distinguished  for 
alacrity,  Col.  Crossland,  of  the  Seventh  Kentucky,  Lieut. -Col.  Good 
win,  of  the  Thirty-fifth  Alabama,  and  Lieut.  Terry,  of  the  Eighth 
Kentucky,  on  duty  with  sharpshooters.  At  this  critical  point,  Maj. 
Brown,  chief  commissary,  and  Capt.  Richards,  one  of  my  aides,  were 
conspicuous  in  urging  on  the  troops.  In  this  assault  we  suffered  con 
siderably  from  the  fire  of  the  fleet,  until  the  opposing  lines  approached 
each  other  so  closely  that  a  regard  for  their  own  friends  obliged  them 
to  suspend. 

The  contest  at  and  around  this  last  encampment  was  bloody,  but  at 
the  end  of  it  the  enemy  were  completely  routed,  some  of  our  men 
pursuing  and  firing  at  them  some  distance  down  the  street,  running  in 
front  of  the  arsenal  and  barracks.  They  did  not  re-appear  during  the 
day.  It  was  now  10  o'clock.  We  had  listened  in  vain  for  the  guns  of 
the  "Arkansas."  I  saw  around  me  not  more  than  one  thousand  ex 
hausted  men,  who  had  been  unable  to  procure  water  since  we  had  left 
the  Comite  river.  The  enemy  had  several  batteries  commanding  the 
approaches  to  the  arsenal  and  barracks,  and  the  gunboats  had  already 
re-opened  upon  us  with  a  direct  fire.  Under  these  circumstances,  al 
though  the  troops  showed  the  utmost  indifference  to  danger  and  death, 
and  were  even  reluctant  to  retire,  I  did  not  deem  it  prudent  to  pursue 
the  victory  further.  Having  scarcely  any  transportation,  I  ordered  all 
the  camps  and  stores  of  the  enemy  to  be  destroyed;  and,  directing 
Capt.  Buckner  to  place  one  section  of  Semmes'  Battery,  supported  by 
the  Seventh  Kentucky,  in  a  certain  position  on  the  field,  withdrew  the 
rest  of  the  troops  about  one  mile,  to  Ward's  Creek,  with  a  hope  of  ob 
taining  water.  But  finding  none  there  fit  for  man  or  beast,  I  moved 
the  command  back  to  the  field  of  battle,  and  procured  a  very  imperfect 
supply  from  some  cisterns  in  the  suburbs  of  the  town.  This  position 
we  occupied  for  the  rest  of  the  day.  The  citizens  of  the  surrounding 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  127 

and  thinly-settled  country  exhibited  the  warmest  patriotism  ;  and,  with 
their  assistance,  conveyances  enough  were  procured  to  carry  off  all 
our  wounded  who  could  bear  removal.  A  few  citizens,  armed  with 
shot-guns  and  other  weapons,  had  been  able  to  reach  the  field  in  time 
to  join  in  the  attack.  Having  neither  picks  nor  shovels,  we  were  un 
able  to  dig  graves  for  the  burial  of  the  dead. 

I  still  hoped  for  the  cooperation  of  the  "Arkansas,"  and,  in  that 
event,  intended  to  renew  the  attack.  But  late  in  the  afternoon  I 
learned  by  express  that  before  daylight,  and  within  four  miles  of  Baton 
Rouge,  the  machinery  had  become  disabled,  and  she  lay  helpless  on 
the  right  bank  of  the  river.  Upon  receiving  this  intelligence,  I  re 
turned  with  my  command  to  the  Comite  River,  leaving  a  force  of  ob 
servation  near  the  suburbs  of  the  town.  The  Hudson  Battery,  Lieut. 
Sweeney,  and  Cobb's  one  piece,  under  charge  of  Sergt.  Frank  Peak, 
played  their  part  well. 

I  am  unable  to  give  the  exact  force  of  the  enemy,  but  by  comparing 
all  my  information  with  the  number  and  size  of  their  camps,  and  the 
extent  and  weight  of  their  fire,  I  do  not  think  they  brought  into  action 
less  than  4, 500* men.  We  had  eleven  pieces  of  field  artillery.  They 
brought  to  bear  on  us  not  less  than  eighteen  pieces,  exclusive  of  the 
guns  of  the  fleet.  In  one  respect,  the  contrast  between  the  opposing 
forces  was  very  striking.  The  enemy  were  well  clothed,  and  their  en 
campments  showed  the  presence  of  every  comfort,  and  even  luxury. 
Our  men  had  little  transportation,  indifferent  food,  and  no  shelter. 
Half  of  them  had  no  coats,  and  hundreds  of  them  were  without  either 
shoes  or  socks.  Yet  no  troops  ever  behaved  with  greater  gallantry, 
and  even  reckless  audacity.  What  can  make  this  difference,  unless  it 
be  the  sublime  courage  inspired  by  a  just  cause  ? 

The  wound  of  Brig. -Gen.  Clarke  being  thought  mortal,  and  the 
least  motion  causing  great  agony,  he  was  left  on  the  field,  in  a  com 
fortable  cottage,  at  his  own  request — his  aid,  Lieut.  Yerger,  remaining 
with  him.  The  next  morning  they  gave  themselves  up  to  the  enemy. 
I  cannot  speak  in  terms  too  strong  of  the  skill,  coolness,  and  courage 
of  Gen.  Clarke.  He  played  the  part  of  a  perfect  soldier. 

Brig. -Gen.  Ruggles  conducted  the  attack  on  the  left  with  uncommon 
rapidity  and  precision,  and  exhibited  throughout  the  qualities  of  a 
brave  and  experienced  officer. 

In  addition  to  the  officers  of  my  staff  already  mentioned,  I  desire  to 
express  my  acknowledgment  of  the  zeal  and  gallantry  of  Maj.  Wilson, 
chief  of  artillery;  Maj.  Hope,  inspector-general,  whose  horse  was  shot 
under  him;  Capt.  Nocquet,  chief  of  engineers;  Lieut.  Breckinridge, 
aide-de-camp,  and  Dr.  Pendleton,  medical  director,  assisted  by  Dr. 
Weatherly,  on  temporary  service.  A  number  of  gentlemen  from 


128  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

Louisiana  and  elsewhere  rendered  efficient  service  as  volunteers,  among- 
whom  were  Lieut. -Col.  Pinkney,  Mr.  Addison,  and  Capt.  Bird,  of 
Louisiana;  Lieut. -Col.  Brewer,  of  Kentucky,  and  Mr.  William  B. 
Hamilton,  of  Mississippi.  The  thanks  of  the  army  are  also  due  to 
Hon.  Thomas  G.  Davidson  for  his  attention  to  the  hospitals ;  and  to  all 
the  inhabitants  of  that  part  of  Louisiana,  for  their  devotion  to  our  sick 
and  wounded.  Col.  Pond  and  Maj.  De  Baum,  in  command  of  Parti 
san  Rangers,  were  efficient  both  before  and  after  the  battle  in  observ 
ing  and  harassing  the  enemy. 

The  inability  of  Gen.  Clarke,  and  failure  of  several  officers,  to 
make  reports,  may  prevent  full  justice  to  the  conduct  of  the  First 
Division.  Any  omission  here  will,  when  brought  to  my  notice,  be 
embodied  in  a  supplemental  report.  The  report  of  Gen.  Ruggles  is 
very  full  as  to  all  that  occurred  on  the  left.  I  send  herewith  a  list  of 
the  officers  and  men  specially  mentioned  in  the  division,  brigade  and 
regimental  reports,  for  gallant  conduct,  with  the  request  that  it  be  pub 
lished,  and  the  names  brought  to  the  favorable  notice  of  the  Govern 
ment.  I  transmit,  also,  the  reports  of  the  subordinate  commanders, 
and  the  returns  of  the  killed  and  wounded.  It  will  be  seen  that  our 
casualties  amount  to  467.  I  have  reason  to  believe  that  the  loss  of 
the  enemy  was  much  greater.  We  captured  two  flags  and  a  few  pris 
oners.  Nothing  was  left  by  us  except  one  caisson,  which  was  so  much 
injured  as  to  be  wholly  unserviceable — one  of  the  enemy's  being  taken 
in  its  place.  After  the  battle  the  enemy,  who  had  previously  been 
plundering,  burning  houses  and  other  property,  stealing  negroes,  and 
seizing  citizens,  through  a  large  region  of  country,  never  ventured  to 
send  out  another  marauding  force.  Our  pickets  continued  to  extend 
to  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Baton  Rouge,  and  very  soon  the  enemy 
abandoned  the  place  and  retired  to  New  Orleans.  A  few  days  after 
the  engagement,  knowing  the  desire  of  the  major-general  commanding 
to  secure  a  strong  position  on  the  Mississippi  below  the  mouth  of  Red 
River,  I  occupied  Port  Hudson,  with  a  portion  of  the  troops  under 
the  command  of  Brig. -Gen.  Ruggles.  The  next  day  I  received  orders 
to  remove  all  the  troops  to  that  point.  Brig. -Gen.  Bowen,  who  had 
just  arrived,  was  left  with  his  command  on  the  Comite  River,  to  ob 
serve  Baton  Rouge  from  that  quarter,  to  protect  our  hospitals,  and  to 
cover  the  line  of  communication  between  Clinton  and  Camp  Moore. 

I  directed  Gen.  Ruggles  to  select  eligible  positions  at  Port  Hudson 
for  heavy  batteries,  and  ordered  Capt.  Nocquet,  chief  of  engineers,  to 
report  to  him  temporarily  for  this  duty.  Upon  my  arrival  there  I 
found  that  rapid  progress  had  been  made,  and  some  of  the  works,  un 
der  charge  of  Capt.  Nocquet,  were  ready  to  receive  the  guns,  which, 
the  Major-General  commanding  wrote  me,  were  on  the  way. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  15RK1ADE.  129 


Port  Hudson  is  one  of  the  strongest  points  on  the  Mississippi  river 
(which  Baton  Rouge  is  not),  and  batteries  there  will  command  the 
river  more  completely  than  at  Vicksburg. 

On  the  i  pth  day  of  August,  in  obedience  to  orders  from  the  head 
quarters  of  the  department,  I  moved  from  Port  Hudson  for  Jackson, 
Mississippi,  with  a  portion  of  the  force,  leaving  Brig.-Gen.  Ruggles  in 
command  with  the  remainder. 

In  concluding  this  report,  I  have  to  express  my  obligations  for  the 
prompt  and  cordial  support  which  I  received,  at  all  times,  from  the 
major-general  commanding  the  department. 

Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

JOHN  C.  BRECKINRIDGE, 

Major-  General. 

I  omitted  to  mention  that  the  Fifteenth  Mississippi,  Maj.  Binford, 
was  not  brought  into  action.  This  admirable  regiment,  much  reduced 
by  long  and  gallant  service,  was  held  in  reserve.  J.  C.  B. 

It  will  be  observed  that  a  temporary  organization  of  the  entire  forces 
under  his  command  was  made  by  Gen.  Breckinridge  for  the  occasion, 
and  that  the  allusions  to  brigades,  in  reports  of  the  battle,  are  made 
with  reference  to  that  special  organization  and  not  to  the  designations 
they  bore  at  Vicksburg.  We  herewith  publish  the  report  of  Gen. 
Ruggles,  in  whose  division  were  included  three  of  the  Kentucky  regi 
ments.  Where  he  and  Gen.  Breckinridge  speak  of  "Thompson's 
Brigade,"  it  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  they  allude  to  the  brigade  of 
Gen.  Preston,  that  officer  having  been  compelled  by  sickness  to  leave 
the  division  before  its  departure  for  Vicksburg,  when  the  command  de 
volved  upon  Col.  Albert  P.  Thompson  : 

HEADQUARTERS  SECOND  DIVISION,  FIRST  DISTRICT, 
ARMY  EAST  OF  THE  MISSISSIPPI, 

CAMP  BRECKINRIDGE,  August  9,  1862. 

SIR  :  I  have  the  honor  to  submit,  for  the  consideration  of  the  Major- 
General  commanding  the  forces,  the  following  report  of  the  part  taken 
by  my  division  in  the  action  of  the  5th  inst.,  at  Baton  Rouge.  The 
Second  Division  was  composed  of  two  brigades  :  The  first  consisting  of 
the  Third  Kentucky  Regiment,  Capt.  Bowman ;  Sixth  Kentucky, 
Lieut. -Col.  Cofer;  Seventh  Kentucky,  Col.  Crossland;  and  Thirty-fifth 
Alabama,  Col.  Robertson.  The  Second  Brigade,  of  the  Fourth  Lou 
isiana  Regiment,  Lieut. -Col.  Hunter;  battalion  of  Thirtieth  Louisiana 
Regiment,  Col.  S.  H.  Breaux;  battalion  of  Stewart's  Legion,  Lieut.- 
Col.  Boyd;  and  Confederate  Light  Battery,  Capt.  O.  J.  Semmes,  with 
two  companies  mounted  men  and  some  two  hundred  and  fifty  Partisan 
Mangers  detached  on  scouting  and  outpost  service. 


130  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

On  the  night  of  the  4th  August,  the  division  proceeded  from  Comite 
bridge,  marching  left  in  front;  Semmes'  Light  Battery  in  the  rear  of 
left  battalion  Fourth  Louisiana  Volunteers,  a  detachment  commanded 
by  Lieut.-Col.  Shields;  Thirtieth  Louisiana  Volunteers,  consisting  of 
one  company  from  his  regiment,  commanded  by  Capt.  Boyle;  one 
company  of  Partisan  Rangers,  commanded  by  Capt.  Anuker;  one 
company  mounted  rangers,  and  a  section  of  Semmes'  Battery,  under 
Lieut.  Fauntleroy,  had  preceded  the  march  of  the  division,  having 
left  camp  at  four  and  a  half  p.  M.,  to  operate  on  the  plank  road  lead 
ing  from  Baton  Rouge  to  Clinton,  on  our  extreme  right.  The  head  of 
the  division  column,  preceded  by  a  company  of  mounted  rangers  and 
advanced  guard,  reached  Ward's  Creek  bridge,  on  the  Greenwell 
Springs  and  Baton  Rouge  road,  about  3  o'clock  A.  M.,  where  a  tempo 
rary  halt  was  called,  preparatory  to  the  formation  of  the  division  line 
of  battle.  During  this  halt,  while  the  advance  was  driving  in  the 
enemy's  pickets,  some  stragglers  from  the  column  were  mistaken  for 
enemy's  pickets  and  fired  on.  The  mistake  being  mutual,  in  the  dark 
ness  a  few  shots  were  exchanged,  unfortunately  disabling  Gen.  Helm 
and  killing  Lieut.  Todd.  This  necessarily  caused  some  confusion. 
Order,  however,  was  soon  restored,  and  the  column  marched  to  the 
point  whence  the  deployment  was  to  begin.  The  line  was  formed 
a  little  before  daylight.  Col.  Thompson's  brigade  (the  first),  with  the 
right  resting  near  the  Greenwell  Springs  road,  Col.  Allen's  brigade  (the 
second)  on  the  left,  his  left  extending  through  a  wood,  and  resting  on 
a  large  field.  Semmes'  Battery  (four  pieces)  in  the  center,  occupying 
the  space  between  the  two  brigades;  a  squadron  of  cavalry,  under 
command  of  Capt.  Augustus  Scott,  was  ordered  to  proceed  to  the  ex 
treme  left  of  the  line,  to  observe  and  endeavor  to  prevent  any  attempt 
to  outflank  us  in  that  direction.  At  a  little  after  daylight,  during  the 
prevalence  of  a  thick  fog,  the  order  was  given  to  advance.  The  line 
proceeded  but  a  few  hundred  yards  before  it  encountered  a  brisk  fire 
from  the  enemy's  skirmishers,  strongly  posted  on  our  extreme  right,  in 
some  houses  surrounded  by  trees  and  picket  fences.  Almost  simul 
taneously  a  battery  of  the  enemy  opened  on  our  line  from  the  same 
direction.  Semmes'  Battery  was  ordered  forward  to  our  indicated 
position,  to  drive  off  the  skirmishers  and  silence  the  enemy's  battery, 
and  the  whole  line  moved  rapidly  forward  firing  and  cheering.  The 
effect  was  instantaneous.  The  enemy's  skirmishers  fled,  and  his  bat 
tery  was  compelled  to  change  position  and  seek  shelter  under  the  guns 
of  the  arsenal  to  prevent  being  captured,  where  it  remained,  continuing 
to  fire  on  our  advancing  line.  Semmes'  Battery  took  position  on  the 
right  of  the  division,  to  keep  up  the  engagement  with  the  battery  of 
the  enemy.  Col.  Thompson's  brigade  continued  to  advance,  under 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  131 

an  occasional  fire,  across  an  open  field  and  through  some  corn-fields, 
just  beyond  which  they  encountered  a  heavy  fire  from  the  enemy, 
strongly  posted  in  a  wood.  Here  the  contest  was  warmly  maintained 
on  both  sides  for  a  considerable  time,  during  which  the  First  Division 
succeeded  in  entering  a  regimental  camp  on  our  right.  The  enemy 
were  finally  driven  back  into  and  through  another  camp  immediately 
in  our  front.  The  enemy  at  this  period  were  strongly  reenforced,  and 
a  heavy  battery  a  little  to  the  left  of  the  center  opened  an  oblique  fire 
on  both  brigades.  About  the  same  time  the  enemy  attempted  to  break 
our  center,  by  pushing  a  column  between  the  two  brigades.  This 
movement  being  discovered,  Semmes'  Battery  was  ordered  forward 
and  opened  on  this  column  at  short  range,  with  grape  and  canister, 
with  marked  effect,  for  a  few  rapid  discharges  scattered  the  enemy  and 
drove  him  back  in  confusion.  A  similar  attempt  was  made  on  the 
right  of  the  division,  which  was  defeated  with  equal  success  by 
a  timely  and  well-directed  fire  from  the  Thirty-fifth  Alabama  and  Sixth 
Kentucky  Regiments.  The  two  brigades,  which,  from  the  nature  of 
the  ground,  had  become  separated,  were  ordered,  in  advancing,  to 
gain  ground,  to  the  right  and  left  respectively,  in  order  to  subject  the 
enemy's  position  in  front  to  a  converging  fire.  In  executing  this 
movement  the  First  Brigade  met  a  portion  of  the  First  Division  falling 
back  in  some  disorder.  Col.  Thompson  halted,  and  was  attempting  to 
reform  their  when  he  was  informed  by  a  mounted  officer  that  the  or 
der  was  for  the  whole  line  to  fall  back.  In  obedience  to  this  supposed 
order  he  fell  back  a  short  distance,  but  soon  reformed  his  line  and 
charged  the  enemy  under  a  galling  fire.  Unfortunately,  while  leading 
his  men  in  this  charge,  Col.  Thompson  fell,  severely  wounded,  and 
was  borne  from  the  field;  and  about  the  same  time  Col.  Allen  also 
fell,  dangerously  wounded,  while  leading,  with  unsurpassed  gallantry, 
his  brigade  against  a  battery  of  the  enemy.  These  circumstances  pre 
vented  the  further  prosecution  of  this  movement.  About  this  time  the 
major-general  commanding  arrived  upon  this  part  of  the  field,  and  di 
rected  the  final  charge  upon  the  enemy,  which  drove  him  in  confusion 
through  his  last  regimental  encampment  to  the  river,  under  the  protec 
tion  of  his  gunboats.  His  camps,  containing  a  large  quantity  of  per 
sonal  property,  commissary  stores  and  clothing,  were  destroyed. 
Finding  it  fruitless  to  remain  longer  under  the  fire  of  the  gunboats, 
and  disappointed  in  the  expected  cooperation  of  the  "Arkansas,"  the 
exhausted  troops  were  withdrawn  in  good  order  to  the  suburbs 
of  the  town — the  Seventh  Kentucky  Regiment  and  a  section  of 
Semmes'  artillery  being  left  on  the  field  to  protect  the  collection  of 
the  stragglers  and  wounded,  which  was  thoroughly  accomplished. 
Col.  Allen's  brigade,  on  the  left,  moved  forward  through  a  wood  and 


132  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

into  some  corn-fields.  They  soon  encountered  the  enemy  in  superior 
force,  protected  by  houses  and  fences.  They  successively  charged 
these  positions,  driving  the  enemy  steadily  back  until  within  a  few- 
hundred  yards  of  the  river,  where  they  were  subjected  to  a  destructive 
fire  from  the  batteries  before  mentioned  and  the  enemy's  gunboats. 
They  charged  and  took  a  section  from  one  of  the  enemy's  batteries, 
Col.  Allen  leading  the  advance  with  the  colors  of  one  of  his  battalions 
in  his  hand.  It  was  at  this  critical  juncture  that,  as  before  stated,  this 
gallant  soldier  fell  from  his  horse  severely  wounded,  and,  during  the 
confusion  which  followed  this  misfortune,  the  enemy  succeeded  in  re 
capturing  the  pieces. 

The  enemy  pressed  heavily  upon  this  brigade,  and  poured  into  it 
such  a  galling  fire  from  infantry  and  artillery  that  it  fell  back  in  some 
disorder.  Col.  Breaux,  who  assumed  command  upon  the  fall  of  Col. 
Allen,  succeeded,  with  the  aid  of  officers  of  the  brigade  and  two 
officers  connected  with  the  staff,  who  were  sent  to  his  assistance,  in 
rallying  a  sufficient  number  to  show  front  to  the  enemy,  until  Semmes' 
Battery  was  brought  up,  as  already  stated,  to  their  support,  and  suc 
ceeded,  by  a  well-directed  fire,  in  preventing  the  enemy's  advance. 
This  position  was  maintained  despite  the  heavy  firing  on  the  brigade 
from  the  enemy's  gunboats  and  land  batteries,  until  the  troops  were 
withdrawn,  with  the  rest  of  the  army,  to  the  suburbs  of  the  town. 
Lieut. -Col.  Shields  had  been  ordered,  as  already  stated,  to  take  posi 
tion  on  the  plank  road  leading  from  Clinton  to  Baton  Rouge,  and  as 
soon  as  he  heard  the  fire  of  our  main  body,  to  attack  a  battery  of  the 
enemy,  said  to  be  stationed  at  the  junction  of  the  Clinton  and  Bayou 
Sara  roads.  This  service  was  promptly  and  gallantly  performed.  He 
drove  in  the  enemy's  pickets,  followed  them  up,  and  opened  fire  on  a 
regimental  encampment  to  the  right  of  the  Greenwell  Springs  road, 
driving  the  enemy  from  it.  He  was  here  met  by  two  regiments  of  the 
enemy,  but  succeeded  in  holding  them  at  bay  till  he  was  fired  upon 
by  our  own  artillery,  fortunately  without  injury.  Four  of  the  artillery 
horses  being  disabled,  and  the  infantry  unable  to  withstand  the  heavy 
fire  of  the  enemy,  he  withdrew  to  his  original  position,  where  the 
wounded  horses  were  replaced  by  others,  when  he  returned  to  his  ad 
vanced  position,  which  he  held  till  Gen.  Clarke's  division  came  up  on 
his  left,  when  the  two  companies  of  infantry  were,  by  order  of  the 
major-general  commanding,  attached  to  the  Twenty-second  Mississippi 
Regiment.  The  section  of  artillery  under  his  command  retained  its 
position  until  the  army  retired,  when  it  rejoined  the  battery  in  the 
suburbs  of  the  town. 

In  concluding  this  report  of  the  battle,  I  have  the  satisfaction  of 
stating  that  the  conduct  of  both  officers  and  men  was  gallant  and  dar- 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  133 

ing,  every  movement  being  performed  with  characteristic  promptitude. 
I  respectfully  commend  the  reports  of  the  commanders  of  brigades,  as 
well  as  those  of  regiments,  battalions,  and  independent  companies,  to 
the  special  consideration  of  the  commanding  general,  and  also  recom 
mend  the  following  officers  and  soldiers,  specially  named  in  these  re 
ports,  to  favorable  consideration : 

Col.  A.  P.  Thompson  and  Col.  H.  W.  Allen,  brigade  command 
ers,  both  severely  wounded.  Third  Kentucky,  commanded  by  Capt. 
Bowman.  Seventh  Kentucky,  Col.  Crossland,  and  his  color-bearer, 
James  Rollins.  Sixth  Kentucky,  Lieut. -Col.  Cofer;  Captains  Isaac 
Smith,  Gran  Utterback,  and  Thomas  Page,  and  First  Lieut.  Frank 
Harned.  Thirty-fifth  Alabama,  Col.  Robertson  and  Lieut.-Col.  Good 
win.  Of  the  Second  Brigade,  the  Fourth  Louisiana,  Lieut.-Col. 
Hunter.  In  this  regiment,  Lieut.  Corkern,  Co.  B;  Lieut.  Jeter,  Co. 
H,  and  Sergt.-Maj.  Daniels.  Battalion  of  Stewart's  Legion,  com 
manded  by  Lieut.-Col.  Samuel  Boyd,  who  was  disabled  by  a  severe 
flesh  wound  in  the  arm.  Capt.  Chum  also  was  wounded.  The  com 
mand  devolved  upon  Capt.  Tom  Bynum,  who  acted  with  gallantry. 
The  battalion,  Thirtieth  Regiment  of  Louisiana  Volunteers,  com 
manded  by  Col.  J.%  A.  Breaux,  who  speaks  in  high  terms  of  the  officers 
and  men  of  his  regiment,  especially  Capt.  N.  Trepagnier  and  Lieut. 
Dapremont,  both  wounded.  Lieut.-Col.  Shields,  Thirtieth  Louisiana, 
commanding  separate  detachment,  who  speaks  in  high  terms  of  the 
intrepidity  of  Lieut.  Fauntleroy,  commanding  section  of  guns  in  his 
detachment.  Capt.  Semmes,  commanding  battery,  and  his  officers, 
Lieutenants  Barnes  and  J.  A.  West,  performed  gallant  service.  Capt. 
Blount,  brigade  inspector  of  Second  Brigade,  rendered  gallant  service 
in  the  field,  where  it  is  believed  he  has  fallen,  as  nothing  has  been 
heard  of  him  since.  I  also  have  the  gratification  to  name  the  mem 
bers  of  my  staff,  who  served  with  me  on  this  occasion,  viz.  :  Lieut. 
L.  D.  Sandidge,  corps  artillery,  Confederate  States  Army,  A.  A.  A. 
and  inspector-general ;  Capt.  George  Whitfield,  chief  quartermaster ; 
Maj.  E.  S.  Ruggles,  acting  ordnance  officer;  and  acting  chief  com 
missary  of  subsistence,  First  Lieut.  M.  B.  Ruggles,  aide-de-camp. 
Lieut.-Col.  Charles  Jones,  who  was  severely  wounded,  and  Col.  J.  O. 
Fuqua,  district  judge  advocate  and  provost  marshal-general,  were  all 
distinguished  for  their  efficiency,  coolness,  and  gallantry  throughout 
the  conflict.  The  following  officers,  attached  to  the  general  staff,  also 
rendered  gallant  service:  Capt.  Sam  Bard,  on  special  service ;  Lieut. 
A.  B.  DeSaulles,  engineers ;  .Lieut.  H.  H.  Price  and  Lieut.  H.  C. 
Holt.  Other  officers  on  special  services,  among  whom  were  Capt. 
Augustus  Scott,  commanding  squadron  on  temporary  service;  Captains 
Curry,  Kinderson,  and  Behorn,  as  volunteer  aides  for  the  occasion,  and 


134  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

Capt.  J.  M.  Taylor  served  with  zeal  and  gallantry.  The  entire  divis 
ion  entering 'the  fight  numbered  about  nineteen  hundred  and  fifty, 
infantry  and  artillery,  with  a  few  irregular  cavalry  and  Partisan  Ran 
gers,  numbering  in  all  some  three  hundred  and  fifty  or  four  hundred. 
The  casualties,  killed,  wounded,  and  missing,  being  two  hundred  and 
seventy-seven. 

Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

DANIEL  RUGGLES, 

Brigadier- General  Commanding  Second  Division. 
Capt.  JOHN  A.   BUCKNER,  A.   A.    General. 

The  following  is  the  report  of  Col.  Buckner,  who  conducted  the 
movements  of  Helm's  brigade  after  Col.  Hunt  was  wounded,  as 
noticed  in  the  report  of  Gen.  Breckinridge  : 

HEADQUARTERS  IN  THE  FIELD,          j 
COMITE  RIVER,  August  9,  1862.  \ 

GENERAL  :  In  compliance  with  your  request,  I  have  the  honor  to 
submit  the  following  report  of  the  late  engagement  at  Baton  Rouge,  so 
far  as  the  First  Brigade  of  First  Division  was  concerned,  after  its  com 
manders,  Brig. -Gen.  Helm,  and,  subsequently,  Col.  Thomas  H. 
Hunt,  were  wounded,  and  I  had  the  honor  to  receive  the  command  at 
your  hands : 

The  enemy  had  been  repulsed  from  one  of  his  encampments,  and 
the  different  regiments  constituting  the  First  Brigade  were  drawn  up 
in  line  of  his  camps,  not,  however,  fully  deployed.  After  moving  the 
two  regiments  on  the  left  of  the  brigade,  by  the  flank  to  the  left,  the 
whole  were  formed  in  line  of  battle,  and  were  ordered  to  advance. 
The  movement  was  made  with  spirit  up  to  the  second  encampment, 
through  a  somewhat  sharp  volley  of  musketry,  in  as  good  style  as  the 
broken  and  confined  limits  of  the  ground  would  admit,  and  imme 
diately  the  enemy  was  hotly  and  determinedly  engaged.  t  After  a 
few  volleys,  I  ordered  the  brigade  forward,  which  order- was  being 
properly  obeyed  by  the  Fourth  and  Ninth  Kentucky,  the  other  regi 
ments  being  just  in  the  act  of  advancing,  when  I  received,  from  Gen. 
Clarke,  the  order  to  face  about  and  retreat.  This  order  was  then 
given  by  myself  and  by  Col.  Clarke's  aides.  The  troops  fell  back  re 
luctantly,  and  not  in  very  good  order,  the  General  himself  and  a 
number  of  others  being  wounded  in  the  retreat.  I  reported  immedi 
ately  to  you  to  know  whether  you  had  ordered  the  retreat,  and  was 
informed  that  you  had  not.  The  Second  Brigade  of  this  division  was 
then  ordered  by  yourself  to  advance.  It  went  up  in  good  style — 
Capt.  Hughes,  commanding  Twenty-second  Mississippi  Regiment, 
leading  them  gallantly.  By  your  presence  and  assistance,  the  First 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  135 

Brigade  was  rallied  and  led  by  yourself,  in  person,  to  the  same  posi 
tion  from  which  it  had  fallen  .back,  when  it  joined  with  the  Second 
Brigade,  and  moved  conjointly  through  the  second  encampment,  driv 
ing  the  enemy  before  them  through  the  third  and  last  of  their  camps 
to  the  river,  under  cover  of  their  gunboats.  This  being  accomplished, 
which  was  all  that  was  e-xpected  of  the  land  force,  the  "  Arkansas" 
failing  to  make  her  appearance,  nothing  remained  but  to  destroy  what 
had  been  captured,  (inasmuch  as  no  arrangement  had  been  made  for 
bearing  it  off,  though  the  battlefield  was  in  our  possession  sufficiently 
long,)  and  retire  from  the  range  of  the  enemy's  batteries  on  the  river. 
Accordingly,  you  gave  me  the  order  to  withdraw  the  division  out  of 
range  of  the  fire  of  the  fleet,  to  await  the  movements  of  the  gunboat 
"Arkansas."  This  was  done  in  good  order,  though  with  some  de 
gree  of  reluctance,  the  cause  of  the  movement  not  being  fully  under 
stood.  Your  order  to  fire  the  enemy's  tents  and  stores  was  well  exe 
cuted.  Their  loss  must  have  been  very  heavy  in  quartermaster  and 
commissary  supplies,  and  particularly  so  in  sutlers'  stores,  considerable 
quantities  of  new  goods  and  general  equipments  being  burned.  The 
position  in  which  you  left  me  near  the  house  where  Gen.  Clarke  lay 
wounded  was  held^more  than  two  hours  after  the  main  body  of  the 
troops  were  withdrawn,  with  a  section  of  Semmes'  Battery  and  the 
remnant  of  the  Seventh  Kentucky  Regiment,  Col.  Crossland  com 
manding,  as  support.  Learning  that  Cobb's  Battery  had  left  its  posi 
tion  and  been  ordered  to  the  rear,  the  section,  with  its  support  under 
my  command,  was  moved  to  occupy  the  better  position  left  by  Capt. 
Cobb,  at  which  point  it  remained  a  half  hour,  and  would  have  re 
mained  the  whole  evening,  but  for  the  erroneous  information  of  the 
enemy's  advance  in  force  being  given  by  a  surgeon  who  was  moving 
rapidly  to  the  rear.  Leaving  the  pickets  at  this  point,  just  in  the  edge 
of  town,  I  withdrew  the  artillery  and  its  support  slowly  back  to  the 
point  at  which  you  found  me.  A  flag  of  truce  was  hoisted  early  in 
the  evening  by  the  enemy,  and,  on  being  met  by  an  officer  whom  I 
sent  to  the  front,  the  privilege  of  bearing  off  the  dead  and  wounded 
was  requested  and  granted  for  four  hours  by  yourself,  upon  condition 
that  the  agreement  be  reduced  to  writing.  No  communication  being 
received  in  writing  for  some  time,  twenty  minutes  longer  were  given, 
shortly  after  the  expiration  of  which  time  a  note  was  received, 
signed  by  the  commanding  officer  at  Baton  Rouge,  disclaiming  the  flag 
of  truce. 

I  cannot  conclude  my  report  without  speaking  of  the  cool  courage 
and  efficient  skill  with  which  Brig.-Gen.  Charles  Clarke  led  his  com 
mand  into  the  action,  and  the  valuable  assistance  rendered  him  by  his 
aids,  Lieutenants  Spooner  and  Yerger;  of  the  efficiency  of  Maj.  H. 


136  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

E.  Topp,  of  the  Thirty-first  Mississippi,*  in  leading  his  regiment ;  of 
Maj.  Brown,  chief  commissary  of  the  division,  whose  fearless  ex 
posure  of  himself,  where  the  contest  was  hottest,  in  urging  on  the 
troops  to  a  charge  ;  of  Capt.  J.  H.  Millett,  commanding  Fourth  Ken 
tucky  Regiment,  who  displayed  conspicuous  gallantry  in  leading  it; 
of  Col.  Crossland,  commanding  Seventh  Kentucky  Regiment,  whose 
regiment,  after  being  in  front  and  assisting  in  bearing  the  brunt  of  the 
battle,  remained  upon  the  field  while  the  shells  from  the  enemy's  gun 
boats  were  falling  thickly  around  them;  and  of  the  valuable  service 
rendered  me  by  Maj.  J.  C.  Wickliffe,  of  the  Ninth  Kentucky,  toward 
the  close  of  the  engagement,  where  his  constant  presence,  at  the  head 
of  his  regiment,  inspired  confidence  and  courage,  not  only  among  his 
own  men,  but  all  who  were  near  him  in  the  closing  contest,  which  de 
cided  the  engagement  so  favorably  and  so  gloriously  for  the  Con 
federate  arms.  For  list  of  casualties  I  would  refer  you  to  papers 
"A"  and  "B"  concerning  late  battle. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  general, 

Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

JOHN  A.  BUCKNER,  A.  A.   G. 

Col.  J.  W.  Robertson  commanded  Preston's  brigade  after  the  fall 
of  Col.  Thompson,  and  reported  its  entire  action  through  the  day,  as 
follows  : 

HEADQUARTERS  FIRST  BRIGADE,  SECOND  DIVISION,  \ 
CAMP  ON  COMITE  RIVER,  August  7,  1862.      } 

To  Capt.  L.  D.  Sandidge,  A.  A.  G.,  Second  Division — 

CAPTAIN  :  On  receiving  the  order  to  report  the  part  taken  in  the 
action  of  the  5th  inst.,  by  the  First  Brigade,  I  referred  the  order  to 
Col.  A.  P.  Thompson,  who  commanded  the  brigade  during  the 
action  with  the  exception  of  the  closing  half  hour  that  the  troops  were 
under  fire,  when  he  was  borne  from  the  field  severely  wounded ;  and 
I  submit,  by  his  request,  the  following  report : 

On  reaching  the  angle  of  the  main  road  leading  into  Baton  Rouge, 
the  brigade  was  formed  in  line  of  battle,  in  a  common  to  the  left  of 
the  main  road,  the  right  of  the  brigade  resting  on  that  road,  and  the  left 
near  a  dense  forest,  into  which  Col.  Allen's  brigade  had  passed.  The 
brigade  was  composed  of  the  following  regiments,  positioned  from 
right  to  left  in  the  order  named  :  Third  Kentucky,  Capt.  J.  H.  Bow 
man  commanding;  Seventh  Kentucky,  Col.  Ed  Crossland  command 
ing;  Thirty-fifth  Alabama,  .Col.  J.  W.  Robertson  commanding;  and  the 
Sixth  Kentucky,  Lieut.-Col.  M.  H.  Gofer  commanding.  As  soon  as 

*A  Kentuckian,  Capt.  John  B.  Pirtle,  was  in  command  of  right  wing  of  the 
Thirty-first  Mississippi  that  day. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  137 

the  line  was  established,  the  command  "  forward"  was  given  by  Gen. 
Ruggles  in  person,  which  was  promptly  obeyed  by  the  brigade,  mov 
ing  forward  beyond  the  dwelling-house  immediately  to  the  front.  The 
line  was  at  this  time  found  to  be  somewhat  deranged,  caused  by  the 
numerous  fences  and  houses  over  and  around  which  the  troops  had  to 
pass.  The  brigade  was  consequently  halted  and  the  alignment 
rectified,  when  the  command  "forward"  was  again  given.  The 
brigade  moved  directly  to  the  front,  parallel  to  the  main  road,  pre 
ceded  by  a  company  of  sharpshooters  deployed  as  skirmishers,  and 
commanded  by  Lieut.  G.  C.  Hubbard.  At  this  point  the  firing 
began  first,  the  line  of  the  enemy  having  been  unmasked  by  the 
skirmishers.  The  firing  was  continued  but  a  short  time  when  an  order 
was  received  for  the  brigade  to  charge,  and  the  troops  rushed  forward 
with  a  cheer,  the  enemy  breaking  before  them.  Having  reached  the 
middle  of  the  field,  the  brigade  was  exposed  to  a  fire  from  the  right, 
which  could  not  be  returned  without  exposing  the  troops  of  Gen. 
Clarke's  division  to  the  fire  of  the  brigade,  and  was  consequently 
halted  until  the  firing  ceased.  An  advance  was  made,  skirmishers 
covering  the  front.  The  second  line  of  the  enemy  was  thus  un 
masked  and  exposed  to  the  fire  of  the  brigade.  They  gave  way  pre 
cipitately  before  the  steady  advance  of  our  troops.  On  clearing  the 
fields  and  reaching  the  enemy's  encampment,  the  right  wing  was 
found  to  be  covered  by  a  portion  of  Gen.  Clarke's  division.  An 
officer  approached  from  the  right  and  stated  that  friends  were  exposed 
to  our  fire,  when  the  firing  ceased  and  the  charge  ordered  by  Col. 
Thompson,  he  leading  the  brigade  into  the  encampment  of  the  enemy 
to  the  left,  which  was  nearly  cleared  by  this  brigade,  when  troops 
were  met  on  the  right  returning  without  any  apparent  cause,  and  were 
ordered  by  Col.  Thompson  to  halt  and  advance,  when  a  mounted 
officer  informed  Col.  Thompson  that  it  was  the  order  for  all  the  troops 
to  fall  back.  This  movement  became  general  in  the  brigade.  In  re 
tiring,  the  Thirty-fifth  Alabama  and  Sixth  Kentucky,  forming  the  left 
wing,  became  separated  from  the  right,  and  occupied  a  position  in  line 
one  hundred  yards  to  the  left  and  rear.  The  enemy  reformed  in  heavy 
force  behind  their  tents,  rapidly  advancing,  firing  and  cheering.  The 
Third  and  Seventh  Kentucky  Regiments  were  thrown  under  cover  and 
met  this  advance  with  a  steady  fire.  The  Thirty-fifth  Alabama  and 
Sixth  Kentucky  were  ordered  forward,  but  advanced  before  the  order 
reached  them,  opening  a  heavy  fire  upon  the  enemy,  whose  advance 
was  thus  checked.  At  this  point,  Col.  Thompson  was  severely 
wounded  and  taken  to  the  rear.  The  command  devolved  upon  Col. 
Robertson,  who  being,  from  complete  exhaustion,  in  no  condition  at 
that  time  to  assume  command,  and  finding  the  right  wing  separated 


138  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

from  the  left,  placed  Col.  Crossland  in  command  of  the  right,  and 
Lieut.-Col.  E.  Goodwin  in  command  of  the  left,  with  orders  to  main 
tain  the  line,  which  was  firmly  held  for  nearly  an  hour,  in  the  face  of  a  ter 
rible  fire  from  musketry  and  artillery,  when  the  charge,  which  closed  the 
action,  was  made  in  person  by  the  major-general  commanding.  It  is  the 
request  of  Col.  Thompson,  that  his  entire  approbation  of  the  conduct  of 
all  the  field  and  acting  field  officers  engaged,  and  Capt.  W.  P.  Wallace 
and  Lieut.  Charles  Semple,  aides,  and  Acting  Adjt.  R.  B.  L.  Soery,  of 
the  Third  Kentucky,  be  specially  expressed  in  this  report.  To  the 
deportment  of  the  Thirty-fifth  Alabama  Regiment  he  desires  attention 
to  be  called.  This  regiment,  although  for  the  first  time  under  fire  on 
the  5th  inst. ,  proved  itself  a  worthy  comrade  for  the  Third,  Sixth  and 
Seventh  Kentucky  Regiments,  who,  in  this  action,  sustained  the  envia 
ble  reputation  won  by  them  on  the  field  of  Shiloh.  Col.  Robertson 
would  call  special  attention  to  the  gallant  conduct  of  Col.  Ed  Cross- 
land  and  Lieut.-Col.  E.  Goodwin,  who,  the  first  with  his  regimental 
colors  in  hand,  and  the  second  with  his  hat  on  his  sword, 
led  the  brigade  in  the  final  charge.  To  the  reports  of  regi 
mental  commanders  you  are  referred  for  notices  of  gallant  conduct 
in  other  members  of  the  command.  The  medical  staff  deserve  the 
highest  praise  for  their  prompt  and  unceasing  attention  to  the  wounded. 

J.   W.    ROBERTSON, 
Colonel  Commanding  First  Brigade,  Second  Division. 


HEADQUARTERS  FIRST  BRIGADE, 
August  8,  1862. 

To  Captain  L.  D.  Sandidge,  A.  A.  G.,  Second  Division — 

CAPTAIN:  Col.  Robertson  desires  me  to  say  that  he  wishes  to  amend 
his  report  by  stating  that  Maj.  John  R.  Throckmorton  (of  Kentucky), 
A.  Q.  M.,  rendered  very  efficient  service  in  taking  off  the  wounded 
from  the  field,  showing  great  fearlessness  of  personal  danger  in  the 
discharge  of  his  duties.  G.  C.  HUBBARD,  A.  A.  G. 

The  following  are  the  reports  of  the  various  officers  who  commanded 
the  six  Kentucky  regiments  : 

HEADQUARTERS  THIRD  KENTUCKY  REGIMENT, 

August  7,  1862. 
Lieutenant  George  C.  Hubbard,  A.  A.  G. — 

LIEUTENANT  :  In  obedience  to  an  order  from  your  office,  I  return 
the  following  statement  of  the  action  of  the  Third  Kentucky  Regi 
ment  in  the  battle  of  Baton  Rouge,  on  the  5th  : 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  139 

The  brigade  was  formed  in  an  open  field,  the  Third  Kentucky  Regi 
ment  on  the  right  flank,  and  ordered  to  march  forward.  The  Third 
crossing  a  lawn  into  a  field,  received  a  fire  from  the  enemy's  skirmish 
ers,  when  we  were  ordered  to  charge.  The  skirmishers  were  routed, 
and  the  regiment  halted  in  a  pea  patch,  and  ordered  to  lie  down  here. 
\Ve  received  a  heavy  fire,  killing  one  man  and  wounding  five.  \Ve 
were  again  ordered  forward  and  to  charge,  which  order  was  executed 
in  gallant  style.  Passing  over  the  ground  occupied  by  the  enemy,  we 
saw  the  bodies  of  a  few  of  their  dead.  Another  charge  brought  us 
into  a  road  near  the  enemy's  camp,  through  which  we  charged  and 
halted,  and  remained  for  some  time ;  and  seeing  that  our  line  to  the 
left  was  not  up  on  line  with  us,  I  placed  Capt.  Edward  in  command 
temporarily,  until  I  went  to  the  rear  to  see  where  to  form  the  line, 
with  instructions  to  remain  in  position  until  I  could  return.  After  ob- 
laining  the  necessary  information,  I  started  on  my  return,  with  the 
regiment  falling  back  in  good  order.  When  I  demanded  to  know  the 
cause,  I  was  informed  it  was  by  order  of  Brig. -Gen.  Clarke.  I  then 
resumed  command  and  formed  on  line  with  the  brigade.  Soon  Col. 
Thompson  ordered  me  to  fall  back  to  a  cut  in  the  road,  which  order 
was  promptly  executed.  We  remained  in  this  position  for  nearly  one 
hour,  firing  nearly  thirty  rounds  of  ammunition  at  the  enemy,  at  times 
they  being  in  short  range  of  our  rifles.  The  regiment  was  then  or 
dered  to  charge  forward  by  Col.  Crossland,  which  was  done,  and 
again  we  passed  through  their  encampment,  and  were  ordered  to  fall 
back,  which  order  was  executed  without  any  confusion  or  excitement. 
\Vithout  a  single  exception,  the  officers  of  the  regiment  bore  them 
selves  gallantly,  and  too  much  can  not  be  said  in  praise  of  the  conduct 
<>f  the  men.  Our  infirmary  corps  kept  close  on  our  heels,  and 
promptly  removed  and  took  care  of  our  wounded. 

J.  H.  BOWMAN, 
Captain  Commanding  Third  Kentucky  Regiment, 


CAMP    NEAR    COMITE    RlVER, 

August  7,   1862. 
Captain  John  A.   Buckner — 

SIR  :  Through  an  unfortunate  circumstance,  I  was  placed  in  com 
mand  of  the  Fourth  Kentucky,  at  about  three  o'clock  A.  M.,  on  the 
5th  instant.  After  being  placed  in  line,  our  brigade  moved  forward 
until  it  reached  the  outskirts  of  Baton  Rouge,  when  we  moved  by  the 
left  flank,  as  far  as  the  camp  of  the  Fourteenth  Maine  Regiment.  We 
then  moved  forward.  The  smoke  being  so  dense,  my  command  was 
here  separated  from  the  brigade.  Having  thrown  out  my  right  com- 


140  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

pany  as  skirmishers,  I  continued  to  move  forward,  but,  discovering 
that  the  enemy  were  on  my  left,  supported  by  a  battery,  all  concealed 
by  the  houses  and  fences,  and  not  being  able  to  change  direction 
without  placing  my  regiment  immediately  under  the  fire  of  our  own 
troops,  I  rejoined  the  brigade.  I  had  just  taken  my  position  on  the 
right  when  you  took  command  and  ordered  us  forward.  I  moved  my 
regiment  obliquely  to  the  left  until  my  right  had  cleared  the  fence  in 
front,  when  I  ordered  them  forward  in  the  direction  of  the  enemy's 
camp,  which  they  did  with  a  cheer.  We  had  advanced,  probably,  two 
hundred  yards  when  an  aide,  whom  I  took  to  be  on  Gen.  Clarke's 
staff  (not  being  personally  acquainted  with  any  of  them),  ordered  me 
to  fall  back.  Seeing  the  balance  of  the  brigade  retiring,  I  gave  the 
command  to  my  regiment,  which  they  were  very  unwilling  to  execute, 
seeing  the  enemy  retiring  from  their  camps.  After  reforming  my 
regiment,  I  was  again  ordered  by  you  to  advance. 

In  this  charge  the  enemy  were  driven  completely  from  their  camps. 
It  is  not  necessary,  Captain,  for  me  to  say  how  my  command  acted  in 
this  charge.  You,  being  in  front  of  my  left,  could  judge  for  your 
self.  I  think  that  you  will  agree  that  they  did  not  abuse  the  confi 
dence  the  commanding  general  has  in  "  ragged  Kentuckians."  The 
Fourth  Kentucky  lost,  in — 

Killed 5 

Wounded 14 

Missing I 

Total 20 

Respectfully, 

J.   H.   MILLETT, 
Captain   Co.   K,    Commanding  Fourth  Kentucky. 


HEADQUARTERS  SIXTH  KENTUCKY  REGIMENT  VOLUNTEERS,  ) 
COMITE  RIVER,  August  7,  1862.      ] 

To  G.  C.  Hubbard,  First  Lieutenant  and  A.  A.  G. — 

SIR  :  Pursuant  to  circular  order,  just  received,  I  have  the  honor  to 
submit  the  following  report  of  the  part  taken  by  the  Sixth  Regiment 
Kentucky  Volunteers  in  the  battle  of  the  5th  instant,  and  the  orders 
received  from  the  commanding  generals.  This  regiment  occupied  the 
extreme  left  of  the  First  Brigade,  Second  Division,  Col.  A.  P.  Thomp 
son  commanding.  At  a  little  before  daylight  the  troops  were  drawn 
up  in  line,  this  regiment  in  the  open  field,  the  left  resting  about  two 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  141 

hundred  yards  to  the  right  of  a  dense  forest,  in  which  Col.  Allen's 
brigade  was  formed.  At  daylight  the  command,  "forward,"  was 
given  by  Gen.  Ruggles,  and  we  moved  forward  a  short  distance  and 
halted  by  the  order  of  the  same  officer,  who  was  present  in  person. 
We  were  very  soon  ordered  forward  again,  when  we  moved,  en 
countering  rough  ground,  hedges,  fences,  ditches,  and  a  luxuriant 
growth  of  weeds  and  grass,  altogether  rendering  even  tolerable  align 
ment  and  steady  marching  impossible.  Passing  on  over  this  character 
of  ground  for  nearly  one  mile,  the  enemy's  skirmishers  fired  on  us, 
doing  no  injury,  but  falling  back  as  we  advanced,  until  we  arrived  im 
mediately  in  front  of  the  enemy's  camp.  Here  he  engaged  us  warmly 
from  a  strong  position  in  a  heavy  forest,  but,  charging  forward,  we 
drove  him  from  his  position,  and  my  regiment  passed  nearly  through 
the  camp,  when  we  observed  a  battery  on  our  left,  say  one  hundred 
yards,  and  a  little  in  front.  This  battery  was  nearly  silenced  by  an 
oblique  fire  from  my  left  wing,  and  would  have  been  easily  taken  but 
for  the  fact  that  the  right  of  the  brigade  was  retiring.  Seeing  no  cause 
for  the  retreat,  on  account  of  any  movement  or  fire  of  the  enemy,  the 
regiment  was  ordered  back,  presuming  the  brigade  was  ordered  to  re 
tire,  which  I  have  since  learned  to  have  been  the  case.  This  retreat 
enabled  the  enemy  to  regain  his  battery,  which  he  did  promptly,  and 
opened  a  furious  fire  with  grape,  canister,  and  shrapnel  on  our  flank. 
From  the  nearness  of  the  guns,  he  did  no  serious  damage.  We  con 
tinued  to  move  to  the  rear  some  two  hundred  yards,  when  we  reformed 
and  returned  to  a  fence  in  front  of  a  graveyard,  where  we  halted  and 
opened  fire  on  the  enemy,  who  had  reformed  and  reoccupied  his 
original  position,  from  which  we  had  just  driven  him.  This  position 
both  parties  held  with  great  stubbornness,  and  an  almost  incessant 
fire  was  kept  up  for  one  hour.  At  this  place  I  sustained  nearly  all 
the  loss  of  the  day.  My  position  was  very  much  exposed  during 
this  time,  having  no  shelter  but  a  thin  picket  fence,  and  being  on 
ground  elevated  some  eighteen  inches  above  any  ground  in  front  be 
tween  my  line  and  the  enemy.  This  position  was  maintained  until 
an  order  to  charge  was  given,  and  the  enemy  driven  under  his  gun 
boats,  when  the  regiment  returned  with  the  brigade  to  camp,  having 
sustained  a  loss  of  five  killed  and  seventy-three  wounded,  several 
mortally.  I  can  not  allow  this  opportunity  to  pass  without  returning 
my  thanks  to  the  officers  and  men  of  the  regiment  for  the  gallant 
manner  in  which  they  bore  themselves  during  the  whole  engagement. 
From  a  want  of  commissioned  officers,  I  caused  the  eight  companies 
of  the  regiment  to  be  consolidated  into  four  companies,  placed  re 
spectively  under  Captains  Isaac  Smith,  Gran  Utterback,  and  Thomas 
G.  Page,  and  First  Lieutenant  Frank  Harned.  It  is  proper  for  me  to 


142  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

say  that  I  was  not  in  the  last  charge,  having  been  carried  off  the  field 
too  much  exhausted  to  be  able  to  go  forward. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  sir,  your  obedient  servant, 

M.   H.   GOFER, 
Lieutenant- Colonel  Commanding  Sixth  Kentucky  Regiment. 


HEADQUARTERS  SEVENTH  KENTUCKY  REGIMENT, 

August  7,  1862. 
Lieut.  G.  C.  Hubbard,  A.  A.  A.  General — 

LIEUTENANT  :  In  obedience  to  an  order  from  your  office,  I  return 
the  following  statements  of  the  action  of  my  regiment,  in  the  battle  at 
Baton  Rouge,  on  the  5th.  The  brigade  was  formed  in  an  open  field, 
and  ordered  to  "  march  forward."  My  regiment  crossed  a  lawn  into 
a  field,  and  received  a  fire  from  the  enemy's  skirmishers,  when  we 
were  ordered  to  charge.  The  skirmishers  were  routed,  and  the  regi 
ment  halted  in  a  pea  patch,  and  ordered  to  lie  down.  Here  we  re 
ceived  a  heavy  fire,  wounding  three  men.  We  were  again  ordered 
forward  and  to  charge,  which  order  was  executed  in  gallant  style. 
Passing  over  the  ground  occupied  by  the  enemy,  we  saw  the  bodies  of 
two  dead  and  three  wounded.  Another  charge  brought  us  into  a  road 
near  the  enemy's  camp,  through  which  we  charged,  and  were  halted 
and  ordered  to  fall  back  by  Capt.  Buckner,  of  Gen.  Breckinridge's 
staff,  who  received  the  order  from  Gen.  Clarke,  which  would  have 
been  done  in  order,  but  for  a  regiment  in  advance  of  our  right,  which 
broke  in  wild  confusion  through  my  regiment,  which  caught  the  panic 
and  retired  confusedly  for  a  short  distance.  Aided,  however,  by  the 
coolness  of  my  company  officers  and  adjutant,  I  succeeded  promptly 
in  rallying  and  reforming  them  in  front  of  the  road.  Col.  Thompson 
ordered  me  to  fall  back  to  the  road,  where  we  opened  fire  on  the 
enemy,  then  advancing  from  their  camps,  and  kept  it  up  briskly  for  an 
hour.  The  enemy  advanced  cautiously  from  their  camp,  under  cover 
of  a  grove  of  timber,  with  the  evident  intention  of  turning  our  left 
flank.  I  saw  two  lines  of  infantry,  with  cavalry  in  rear.  They 
charged,  and  the  Thirty-fifth  Alabama  regiment  opened  and  kept  up  a 
hot  fire  from  our  left,  which  broke  the  enemy's  lines,  and  they  retired 
in  confusion.  Our  ammunition  was  nearly  exhausted,  the  wagons  not 
having  come  up.  Gen.  Breckinridge  came  up  on  our  right,  and  I  re 
ported  the  want  of  ammunition  to  him,  when  he  ordered  me  to  charge 
the  camp  with  my  regiment  and  the  Third  Kentucky.  We  went 
through  the  camp  and  were  halted  by  Capt.  Buckner,  and  ordered  to 
retire,  which  was  done  in  good  style.  Capt.  Buckner,  by  order  of 
Gen.  Breckinridge,  ordered  my  regiment  to  remain  and  support  a  sec- 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  143 

tion  of  Semmes'  Battery,  which  was  posted,  and  remained  to  protect 
those  engaged  in  recovery  of  the  wounded  and  retreat  of  the  stragglers. 
Capt.  Wess  Jetton,  with  five  men,  was  sent  back  to  fire  the  camps.  A 
cloud  of  smoke  soon  told  that  his  mission  of  destruction  had  been 
faithfully  executed.  He  reports  the  burning  of  large  quantities  com 
missary  stores  and  quartermaster  stores,  together  with  numerous  boxes 
of  guns  and  valuable  camp  equipage.  Without  a  single  exception  the 
officers  bore  themselves  gallantly,  and  too  much  can  not  be  said  in 
praise  of  the  conduct  of  the  men.  Our  Infirmary  Corps  kept  close  at 
our  heels,  and  promptly  removed  and  took  care  of  the  wounded. 

I  beg  to  mention  the  gallant  conduct  of  Joseph  Rollins,  our  color 
bearer. 

EDWARD  CROSSLAND, 
Colonel  Commanding  Seventh  Kentucky  Regiment. 


HEADQUARTERS  NINTH  KENTUCKY  REGIMENT, 

CAMP  NEAR  COMITE  RIVER,  LA., 

August  7,  1862. 

SIR  :  I  have  the  honor  of  submitting  to  you  the  following  report  of 
the  part  taken  by  the  Ninth  Kentucky  Regiment,  in  the  action  of  the 
5th  inst.,  at  Baton  Rouge.* 

The  Ninth  Kentucky,  with  the  other  commands  of  the  brigade,  was 
placed  in  line  of  battle  early  on  the  morning  of  the  5th  of  August.  The 
line  was  advanced  toward  Baton  Rouge  steadily.  In  obedience  to  an 
order  of  my  brigade  commander  my  regiment  was  held  as  a  support  to 
the  battery  attached  to  this  brigade,  where  it  remained  until  I  received 
an  order,  in  person,  from  Maj.-Gen.  Breckinridge,  to  post  one  com 
pany,  as  pickets,  to  the  right  and  at  some  distance  from  the  arsenal. 
Fn  obedience  to  this  order,  I  placed  Capt.  Gillum,  with  his  company, 
consisting  of  one  lieutenant,  four  sergeants,  one  corporal,  and  twenty- 
four  men,  upon  the  ground  designated  by  the  General ;  and,  in  obedi 
ence  to  another  order  from  him,  left  Capt.  Gillum  there,  when  my 
command  was  ordered  to  join  the  brigade  and  engage  the  enemy  in 
their  camps. 

Capt.  Gillum  remained  at  his  post  until  ordered  away,  when  the 
brigade  retired  to  the  point  where  the  line  of  battle  was  first  formed. 
Thus  this  company  was  prevented  from  engaging  in  the  battle,  and  this 
will  account  why  none  was  killed  or  wounded  in  Co.  A,  of  this  regi 
ment.  When  ordered  by  Maj.-Gen.  Breckinridge  to  join  the  brigade 
to  which  my  regiment  is  attached,  I  was  placed  on  the  left  of  the 
3'ourth  Kentucky  Regiment, which  was  the  first  regiment  in  the  brigade. 

*  Maj.  Wickliffe  assumed  command  after  Col.  Caldwell  was  disabled. 


244  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

Immediately  after  this  an  order  from  you  was  given  to  advance.  My 
command  did  so,  and  until  the  fire  was  drawn  from  the  enemy,  who 
were  secreted  in  and  about  the  tents  of  the  third  and  last  encampment. 
The  fire  was  immediately  returned  by  the  men  under  my  command. 
It  continued  warm  and  heavy  for  about  twenty  or  twenty-five  minutes, 
our  line,  as  far  as  I  could  see,  advancing  very  little,  but  steadily,  and 
the  enemy  as  slowly  retreating.  At  this  time  an  order  was  given  by 
Brig. -Gen.  Clarke,  commanding  the  division,  to  fall  back  to  a  small 
ravine,  a  short  distance  in  the  rear,  and  reform,  which  was  done  in 
proper  manner.  In  a  few  moments  we  were  again  ordered  to  advance, 
and  did  so,  never  halting  until  the  enemy  had  been  driven  from  the 
last  of  their  encampments.  After  the  brigade  line  had  been  formed, 
in  obedience  to  an  order  from  you  we  retired  slowly  and  in  good  order. 
My  command  numbered  two  hundred  and  twenty-two,  rank  and  file. 
From  this  deduct  Co.  A,  numbering  thirty-one  officers  and  men,  and 
seven  detailed  to  carry  off  the  wounded,  thus  reducing  the  number  of 
men  actually  engaged  in  the  fight,  under  my  command,  to  one  hun 
dred  and  eighty-four  men. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  casualties  which  occurred  in  my  regi 
ment  : 

In  Co.  A,  none.  In  Co.  B,  L.  P.  Smith,  mortally  wounded  and 
since  dead;  H.  Osborne,  slightly.  In  Co.  C,  Lieut.  H.  H.  Harris, 
wounded;  private  R.  S.  Brooks,  killed;  privates  J.  S.  Jackson,  J.  T. 
Taylor,  D.  Tinsley,  and  J.  B.  Young,  wounded.  In  Co.  D,  Lieut. 
Oscar  Kennard,  wounded ;  private  William  Hicks,  killed ;  privates 
John  Estill  and  John  Henry,  wounded.  In  Co.  E,  Sergt.  R.  M. 
Hague,  wounded;  privates  James  Bowers  and  Isaac  Rutledge,  killed  ; 
privates  Elbert  Gramor,  B.  Logan,  and  J.  L.  Thompson,  wounded. 
In  Co.  F,  A.  P.  Fowler,  W.  P.  Ratliff,  J.  Leach,  J.  W.  Wallace,  and  D. 
P.  Howell,  wounded.  In  Co.  G,  Lieut.  P.  V.  Daniel,  privates 
William  Beauchamp,  Thomas  Stith,  Michael  Meardin,  Allen  Dere- 
berry,  Frank  Keith,  Green  Woorley,  and  M.  S.  Newman,  wounded. 
In  Co.  H,  Sergt.  John  H.  Hughes,  Corporal  Moses  Lassiter,  privates 
Alexander  Barry,  Charles  Freeburg,  and  Thomas  Lively,  killed; 
Sergt.  L.  H.  Atwell,  privates  Edmond  Elliott,  Peter  Fritz,  James 
Hunt,  G.  Polfus,  L.  Holtsenburgh,  A.  J.  Williams,  and  W.  McFat- 
ridge,  wounded. 

I  can  not  close  this  report  without  stating  that  the  officers  and  men 
under  my  command  discharged  their  duties,  in  the  action  at  Baton 
Rouge,  in  a  manner  creditable  alike  to  themselves  and  the  cause  for 
which  they  are  battling.  Very  respectfully, 

J.  C.  WICKLIFFE, 
Major  Commanding  Ninth  Kentucky  Regiment. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  145 


CHAPTER  VIII. 

FROM    BATON    ROUGE  TO  KNOXVILLE. MARCHING  TOWARD  KENTUCKY. 

— RETURN    TO    MURFREESBORO7. — BATTLE    OF    HARTSVILLE. — INCI 
DENTS  AND  ANECDOTES. 

After  the  operations  at  Baton  Rouge  and  Port  Hudson  noticed  in 
the  preceding  chapter,  and  particularly  in  the  report  of  Gen.  Breckin- 
ridge,  the  Reserve  Corps  returned  to  Jackson,  Miss.,  arriving  there 
on  the  night  of  the  22d  of  August. 

The  sick  who  had  been  left  at  Vicksburg  and  other  points,  unable 
to  accompany  the  expedition  to  Baton  Rouge,  had  recovered  some 
what,  in  considerable  numbers,  and,  preceding  the  main  body  to 
Jackson,  had  established  an  encampment  six  miles  out  on  the  Brandon 
road,  whither  the  various  regiments  marched  on  the  23d. 

If  the  condition  of  the  command  had  been  bad  when  it  went  to 
Baton  Rouge,  no  words  are  adequate  to  express  its  real  condition 
now,  as  far  as  destitution  and  physical  condition  were  concerned, 
(ireat  numbers  were  perfectly  barefoot,  and  had  been  so  for  such  a 
length  of  time  that  they  could  even  track  the  burning  sand  like 
ostriches,  and  instead  of  blistered  feet,  seemed  to  have  on  an  im 
proved  style  of  moccasin  from  the  skins  of  salamanders.  As  for 
c  lothing,  the  "  human  form  divine"  shone  through  in  so  many  places, 
that  the  whole  combination  had  the  appearance  of  very  bad  patch 
work,  and  impressed  one  with  the  idea  that  the  clothes  and  men  would 
look  better  in  separate  bundles.  Some  had  shirts  and  some  did  not, 
and  the  latter  managed  to  cover  the  upper  portions  of  their  bodies  with 
ragged  jackets ;  while  those  with  shirts  on  were  considered  as  indulg 
ing  in  superfluity  if  they  had  jackets  too.  And  the  pants  they  wore 
are  a  painful  subject  to  contemplate.  The  imagination  of  the  reader 
must  supply  the  place  of  description ;  and,  if  he  can  conceive  of  any 
thing  better  suited  to  exhibit  naked  muscle  while  the  wearer  has  an 
swered  the  demands  of  modesty  by  doing  his  best  to  be  covered,  he 
is  welcome  to  draw  his  picture,  and  write  under  it,  "These  are  the 
breeches  Kentuckians  wore  at  Jackson."  Passing  through  the  streets, 
they  were  amused  at  astonished  gazers,  and  could  not  resist  the  temp 
tation  that  always  beset  them  when  anything  could  be  made  to  serve  a 
humorous  turn.  They  inquired  of  wonder-stricken  beholders  how 
they  liked  the  style  of  pantaloons,  and  declared,  in  mock  serious- 
10 


146  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

ness,  that,  in  their  opinion,  it  was  the  best  military  dress — "so  light 
and  cool." 

But  preparations  were  now  being  made  to  join  the  expedition  of  Bragg 
into  Kentucky,  and  there  was  no  sign  of  demoralization — no  lack  of 
that  spirit  which  characterizes  the  true  soldier.  Once  again  encamped, 
too,  in  a  pleasant  locality,  with  better  food  and  better  water,  the  tone 
of  health  rapidly  improved,  and  the  ranks  were  daily  swelled  by  the 
return  of  those  who  had  been  unable  to  withstand  the  effects  of  the 
climate,  the  rainy  weather  that  had  prevailed  during  August,  and  the 
hardships  attendant  upon  the  movements  in  Louisiana. 

On  the  nth  of  August,  the  senior  surgeon  of  Preston's  brigade,  Dr. 
J.  W.  Thompson,  had  made  a  report,  in  which  he  remarked,  that  when 
they  arrived  at  Vicksburg,  their  health  was  better  than  at  any  other  time 
during  the  service,  but  that  they  had  been  there  but  a  short  time  when 
the  malarious  atmosphere  began  its  work.  On  the  28th  of  June,  the 
number  of  men  of  that  brigade  for  duty  was  1,822;  on  the  2yth  of 
July,  1,252;  and  on  the  nth  of  August,  at  Comite  River,  only  584, 
showing  a  reduction,  by  sickness,  wounds  and  death  of  1,238  men  in 
seven  weeks,  or  more  than  sixty-seven  per  cent,  of  its  whole  strength ; 
and  this  is  but  an  average  instance  of  the  whole  division. 

Remaining  at  this  place  more  than  two  weeks,  the  men  were  clothed 
and  everything  was  put  in  readiness  for  a  movement.  Some  doubt  was 
entertained  by  Gen.  Van  Dorn  as  to  the  nature  of  the  order  upon 
which  Gen.  Breckinridge  proposed  to  move ;  and  as  he  wished  to  re 
tain  the  division  in  his  department,  there  was  unnecessary,  but,  to  Gen. 
Breckinridge  unavoidable,  delay  in  setting  out  to  join  the  army  in 
Kentucky. 

The  division  moved  by  rail,  on  the  loth  of  September,  up  the 
Mississippi  Central  to  Cold  Water  Creek,  from  ten  to  twenty  miles 
above  Holly  Springs,  disembarking  at  that  point  on  the  morning  of  the 
nth.  It  remained  here  until  the  igih.  Meanwhile  the  order  had 
been  made  imperative  by  President  Davis,  and  Gen.  Breckinridge  re 
linquished  command  of  all  the  troops  heretofore  under  his  orders,  ex 
cept  the  Fourth,  Sixth  and  Ninth  Kentucky  Infantry,  Blackburn's, 
Biggs'  and  Roberts'  companies  of  cavalry,  a  brigade  of  Tennessee 
infantry,  and  the  light  artillery  of  Cobb  and  McClung.  The  Third 
and  Seventh  Kentucky  Regiments,  having  been  recruited  mainly  in 
the  lower  part  of  the  State,  were  permitted  to  move  by  way  of  Jack 
son,  Tenn. ,  thence  by  the  Mobile  and  Ohio  road,  in  the  hope  that 
they  might  receive  large  accessions  of  recruits  to  their  ranks  as  they 
marched  to  join  the  army  now  threatening  Louisville.  They  were 
thus  finally  separated  from  their  major-general,  and  were  no  more  con 
nected  with  any  portion  of  the  Kentucky  troops  which  they  left  at 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  147 

Cold  Water.  They  were  afterward  mounted,  and  subsequently  par 
ticipated  in  the  brilliant  campaigns  of  Gen.  Forrest,  proving  them 
selves  second  to  none  of  that  redoubtable  corps  in  deeds  of  valor  and 
\varm  devotion  to  the  cause  which  they  defended. 

The  remaining  Kentucky  troops  were  thrown  together,  forming  a 
temporary  organization,  under  command  of  Col.  Trabue.  Gen.  Helm, 
it  will  be  remembered,  was  absent,  suffering  from  his  hurt  received  at 
!>aton  Rouge;  and  Gen.  Preston  had  been  relieved  of  the  command 
of  his  brigade  at  his  own  request,  and  had  gone  into  Kentucky  for 
the  purpose  of  fighting  in  a  field  that  now  promised  much,  in  the  re 
demption  of  his  old  State  from  Federal  rule,  and  general  good  to  the 
Confederate  cause. 

The  hearts  of  Kentuckians  now  beat  high  with  hope.  To  them  the 
promised  return  to  Kentucky  assumed  the  character  of  a  triumphal 
inarch.  They  had  been  tried  in  fiery  ordeals,  and  had  come  out  with 
honor,  if  not  with  the  other  fruits  of  victory.  Some  time  hi  August 
Gen.  Breckinridge  had  called  their  attention  to  orders  from  Richmond 
relative  to  the  inscription  of  the  names  of  battles  in  which  they  had 
been  engaged  on  their  banners,  and  wrote  in  connection  therewith  as 
follows:  "The  major-general  refers,  with  peculiar  pride  and  gratifi 
cation,  to  the  action  of  his  troops  in  the  battles  of  Shiloh  and  Baton 
Rouge,  and  in  the  successful  defense  of  the  city  of  Vicksburg.  Through 
.-very  difficulty,  over  every  obstacle,  with  a  climate  exceedingly  hos 
tile,  with  a  scanty  supply  of  clothing,  and,  at  times,  of  food,  you  have 
uarched  by  day  and  night,  oftentimes  with  bare  feet,  upon  heated 
sands  and  rugged  roads,  without  a  murmur,  and  with  a  heroism  worthy 
of  the  veteran  soldiers  of  many  years.  You  have  won  for  yourselves, 
in  all  your  trials  and  noble  daring,  the  grateful  remembrance  of  your 
•>\  hole  country;  and  in  after  years  the  names  of  Shiloh,  Vicksburg  and 
Baton  Rouge  will  awaken  within  your  breasts  a  thrill  of  pride  and  de 
light  that  will  heighten  the  pleasures  of  your  future  life,  and  be  a  con 
stant  source  of  gratification  to  your  friends,  who  have  watched  with 
such  deep  solicitude  your  progress  through  the  many  struggles  you 
have  encountered  in  defense  of  your  country." 

The  troops  of  his  old  brigade  to  whom,  in  common  with  others  of 
his  division,  these  words  were  addressed,  were  on  the  point,  as  they 
fondly  believed,  of  appearing  before  their  friends  at  home  with  so 
proud  a  record,  and  under  banners  whose  inscriptions  were  the  titles 
to  renown. 

The  troops  designated  as  those  who  were  to  remain  under  command 
of  Gen.  Breckinridge,  took  the  cars  at  Cold  Water  on  the  ipth,  and 
went  back  to  Jackson;  thence  to  Meridian,  afterward  to  York  Station, 
the  terminus,  at  that  time,  of  the  railroad  from  Meridian  to  Demopolis; 


148  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

then  it  was  decided  that  the  wagon  train  should  go  out  empty  across 
the  country,  while  the  men  and  baggage  should  be  shipped  by  way  of 
Mobile,  Montgomery  and  Atlanta  to  Chattanooga,  from  which  point 
it  was  expected  the  march  would  be  made  into  Kentucky.  After  a 
tedious  and  disagreeable  trip  from  York  Station,  by  railway  and  river, 
the  command  pitched  tents  at  Knoxville,  on  the  3d  of  October,  hav 
ing  been  eight  days  and  nights  en  route. 

Here  the  Second  Regiment  and  the  artillery  company  of  the  gallant 
Graves  were  reunited  with  the  comrades  they  had  left  at  Bowling 
Green  on  the  226.  of  January  before,  and  Col.  Hanson,  being  senior, 
was  placed  in  command. 

These  prisoners,  with  the  exception  of  the  officers,  had  left  Camp 
Morton  and  elsewhere  on  the  26th  of  August,  and  were  joined  at 
Vicksburg  by  the  latter,  where  exchange  was  duly  effected.  They 
went  thence  to  Jackson,  where  the  work  of  reorganizing,  and,  as  far  as 
possible,  equipping,  was  effected  in  the  case  of  the  various  troops  cap 
tured  in  the  Western  department  and  exchanged  under  the  provisions 
of  the  cartel  which  had  finally  been  agreed  upon.  Thence  they  pro 
ceeded  to  Chattanooga,  but  reported  to  Gen.  Breckinridge  after  his 
arrival  at  Knoxville,  and  the  heroes  of  Donelson  were  thenceforth  closely 
identified  with  those  of  Shiloh  and  Baton  Rouge. 

By  the  i5th  of  October,  Gen.  Breckinridge  had  succeeded  in  procur 
ing  the  necessary  transportation  and  supplies,  though  much  difficulty 
was  encountered,  and  it  was  not  without  great  and  constant  effort  that 
the  command  was  placed  in  a  condition  to  justify  the  advance,  which 
was  now  to  be  made  by  way  of  Cumberland  Gap.  He  had  under  his 
command  the  four  Kentucky  regiments,  and  something  over  five  thou 
sand  miscellaneous  troops,  which  he  found  at  Knoxville  under  Gen. 
Maxey — the  whole,  with  the  artillery  of  Cobb  and  Graves,  amounting, 
perhaps,  to  seven  thousand  men.  The  Tennessee  brigade  had  been 
relinquished,  under  orders  from  Richmond,  to  Gen.  Sam  Jones,  com 
manding  Department  of  East  Tennessee. 

Gen.  Maxey  marched  on  the  iath  with  the  greater  force,  and  on  the 
morning  of  the  i5th  Col.  Hanson  set  out  with  his  brigade  of  Ken- 
tuckians,  Gen.  Breckinridge  accompanying  them. 

For  two  days  the  march  was  uninterrupted,  the  weather  was  beauti 
ful,  the  hearts  of  all  were  buoyant,  even  joyous,  and  the  remembrance 
of  past  hardships,  and  dangers,  and  dearth  of  affection  faded  away  in 
anticipation  of  treading  once  more  the  soil  of  their  own  State,  and  of 
meeting,  perhaps,  those  for  whom  they  now  yearned  with  almost  the 
tenderness  of  children.  On  the  evening  of  the  i6th  the  brigade  en 
camped  in  fields  on  each  side  of  the  Tazewell  road,  three  miles  beyond 
Maynardville.  On  the  morning  of  the  iyth  the  reveille  was  sounded 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  149 

t arly,  and  all  hastened  to  prepare  the  morning  meal,  after  which  the 
command  was  formed,  and  with  even  more  than  their  wonted  vivacity, 
began  the  march,  but  the  head  of  the  column  from  the  field  on  the  left 
had  scarcely  turned  into  the  road  when  a  halt  was  ordered,  then  they 
were  faced  about  and  marched  back  to  the  camping  ground  of  the 
night  before.  Now  the  wildest  rumors  got  afloat,  and  every  heart  was 
sinking,  however  much  the  various  hopeful  ones  tried  to  construe  the 
pause  to  mean  anything  than  a  foreboding  of  evil.  One  hour  a  faint 
hope  would  be  kindled  that  the  march  would  be  resumed  on  the  mor 
row,  in  the  direction  of  home;  the  next,  it  would  be  destroyed,  by 
some  fact  which  eager  inquirers  pretended  to  have  elicited.  Thus  the 
day  wore  on,  and  a  painful  day  it  was,  too,  as  may  well  be  conceived. 
T.efore  night  the  sad  truth  seemed  to  have  been  impressed  upon  every 
one,  though  as  yet  no  authoritative  announcement  of  the  real  condition 
<  f  affairs  had  been  made.  The  dress  parade  of  the  old  brigade  on  that 
afternoon  is  remembered  as  one  of  the  peculiar  incidents  in  its  career. 
The  Second  Regiment,  on  the  right  of  the  road,  made  the  call  by 
tugle  at  the  usual  hour,  and  formed  in  sight  of  the  Fourth,  Sixth,  and 
Ninth,  on  the  left.  The  proximity  of  these  three  enabled  them  to  form 
one  almost  continuous  line^  little  space  intervening.  The  silence  that 
prevailed  in  the  ranks  then  was  not  the  silence  of  restraint — it  was  the 
silence  of  stern  manhood  bowed  down  by  bitter  disappointment.  No 
one  chose  even  to  whisper.  But  they  were  erect,  steady,  scrupu 
lously  exact  in  formation,  and  handled  their  arms  with  a  promptness 
arid  a  precision  that  seemed  to  speak  a  manly  determination  that 
nothing  could  conquer — that  could  resist  a  siren  song  as  readily  as 
an  attack  of  the  foe.  The  burden  of  every  tune  from  the  regimental 
bunds  was  "  home ;  "  and  to  say  that  tears  found  their  way  down  many 
and  many  a  bronzed  cheek,  is  but  to  say  that  soldiers  are  not  always 
provided  with  hearts  of  stone. 

Immediately  after  having  received  the  dispatch  by  courier  on  the 
morning  of  the  iyth,  Gen.  Breckinridge  sent  to  halt  Maxey,  who,  as 
wo  have  seen,  was  now  far  ahead.  A  letter  received  from  Bragg, 
dated  two  days  later  than  the  order  by  courier,  instructed  him  to  re 
turn  to  Knoxville,  and,  assuming  command  of  all  forces  that  could  be 
made  available  in  the  defense  of  Middle  Tennessee,  proceed  thence 
to  Chattanooga,  and  take  such  steps  as  might  seem  to  him  best 
adapted  to  that  end.  He  was  first,  however,  to  send  all  surplus  sup 
plies  to  Cumberland  Gap,  to  meet  the  army  now  rapidly  retreating 
from  Kentucky. 

The  return  march  to  Knoxville  began  on  the  morning  of  Oct.  ipth, 
and  on  the  evening  of  the  2oth  the  brigade  was  encamped  on  the  same 
ground  occupied  the  week  before.  The  retrograde  movement  was  as 


150  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

sad  a  one  as  ever  marked  the  career  of  the  Kentucky  Brigade ;  but 
the  failure  of  Bragg  to  maintain  himself,  the  consequent  trouble  he 
had  created  for  their  friends  there,  and  their  own  bitter  disappoint 
ment,  but  served  to  bring  out,  in  bolder  relief,  their  striking  soldierly 
qualities.  On  turning  their  faces  toward  Knoxville  they  sent  up  a 
mighty  shout — half  in  desperation,  half  in  defiance ;  and  once  again 
committed  to  the  fate  of  service  away  from  home  the  gloom  soon  gave 
way  to  a  degree  of  cheerfulness. 

Breckinridge  removed  his  command  to  Chattanooga,  or  rather  to 
Shell  Mound,  some  distance  out  on  the  Nashville  Railroad,  and  it  en 
camped  there  on  the  23d.  Bragg  had  by  that  time  reached  Knoxville 
in  person,  and  Breckinridge  was  ordered  to  proceed  to  Murfreesboro', 
and  assume  direction  of  military  operations  there,  as  it  was  appre 
hended  that  Buell,  who  was  now  on  the  march  for  Nashville,  might 
endeavor  to  occupy  a  more  advanced  position.  After  much  trouble  in 
crossing  the  river  at  Bridgeport — the  bridge  there  having  been  de 
stroyed — and  everything  having  to  be  ferried  over  the  two  arms  of  the 
river,  and  carried  upon  the  men's  shoulders  across  the  island  which 
cuts  the  stream  at  that  point,  the  command  reached  Murfreesboro'  on 
the  28th,  just  eight  months  from  the  time  of  having  left  it  with  Gen. 
Johnston,  and  encamped  in  the  same  locality — some  of  the  regiments 
on  the  same  ground. 

Breckinridge  now  had  command  of  all  the  advance  forces,  which  he 
retained  until  the  arrival  of  Bragg  in  November.  Changes  had  been 
constantly  taking  place  in  his  staff,  and  we  note  here,  as  part  of  the 
record  affecting  Kentuckians,  that,  after  the  arrival  at  Murfreesboro', 
the  following  officers  were  announced :  Lieut.  Col.  John  A.  Buckner, 
A.  A.  G. ;  Maj.  Calhoun  Benham  and  Maj.  James  Wilson,  Assistant 
Inspectors-General;  Maj.  Rice  E.  Graves,  Chief  of  Artillery ;  Dr.  L. 
T.  Pirn,  Medical  Director;  Maj.  George  W.  Triplett,  Chief  Quarter 
master;  Col.  T.  T.  Hawkins  and  Lieut.  J.  Cabell  Breckinridge,  Aides- 
de-camp;  and  Captains  Keene  Richards  and  Richard  C.  Morgan,  vol 
unteer  aides.  Maj.  Brown  was  still  Chief  Commissary.  Associated 
with  him  at  various  times  during  the  summer  and  autumn,  in  addition 
to  those  named  heretofore,  had  been  Maj.  Sullins,  Quartermaster; 
Maj.  Clarence  J.  Prentice,  aide;  Capt.  James  Nocquet,  Chief  Engineer; 
Dr.  Gary  N.  Hawes,  Medical  Director,  and  Maj.  Alexander  Evans — 
the  latter  of  whom  was  made  Post  Commissary  after  the  arrival  at 
Murfreesboro'.  Maj.  Throckmorton  was  made  Post  Quartermaster, 
and  Maj.  Boyd  had  been  some  time  engaged  in  the  pay  department, 
but  was  thereafter  again  immediately  connected  with  the  staff  of  Gen. 
Breckinridge. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  151 

A  new  division  was  formed  for  him  in  December,  which  consisted 
of  Hanson's,  Preston's,  Adams',  and  Brown's  brigades. 

But  we  recur  to  events  connected  more  particularly  with  the  Ken 
tucky  Brigade.  This  now  consisted  of  the  Second,  Fourth,  Sixth,  and 
Ninth  Kentucky  Regiments,  the  Forty-first  Alabama  Regiment,  and 
Cobb's  Battery.  The  cavalry  company  of  Capt.  B.  E.  Roberts  was 
also  connected  with  it  till  ordered  to  report  to  Gen.  Buford  in  January, 

1863.  Col.  Hanson  was  assigned  to  the  permanent  command  of  it, 
and  recommended  for  promotion,  which  he  received  on  the   ijth  of 
December.     The  officers  of  his  staff  were  Capt.  John  S.  Hope,  A.  A. 
G.  ;*  Capt.  Thomas  E.  Stake,  A.  I.  G. ;  Maj.  John  R.  Viley,f  Chief 
Quartermaster;    Maj.   S.   M.   Moorman, £   Chief  Commissary ;  Lieut. 
Presley  Trabue,  Ordnance  Officer,  and  Lieut.  Joe  Benedict,  Aide-de 
camp. 

Gen.  Hanson  at  once  devoted  himself,  with  his  usual  energy  and  abil 
ity,  to  the  work  of  discipline  and  the  attainment  of  the  highest  order 
and  efficiency ;  and  early  in  November  a  division  inspection  report 
showed  clearly  that  the  Kentucky  troops  were  in  better  condition  and 
in  better  tone  than  any  others  then  available  for  the  defense  of  the  ad 
vanced  position. 

Breckinridge  had  now  -but  a  small  infantry  force  at  his  command, 
and  it  was  late  in  November  before  Bragg  had  succeeded  in  concen 
trating  all  the  troops  subject  to  his  orders  at  that  point.  The  enemy 
had  arrived  at  Nashville,  and  was  prepared  to  advance  before  Bragg 
was  in  any  condition  to  meet  him ;  but  from  some  cause  remained 
quietly  on  the  Cumberland  until  near  the  close  of  the  year.  General 
Rosecrans  had  succeeded  to  the  command  of  the  Federal  army  there, 
;md  though  he  adopted  such  measures  at  once  as  threatened  Murfrees- 
boro'  at  an  early  day,  nothing  occurred  immediately  affecting  the  in 
fantry  at  that  point  till  the  battle  of  Hartsville,  excepting  a  march 
toward  Nashville,  designed  by  Breckinridge  as  a  feint,  both  to  hide  his 
own  weakness  and  to  enable  Morgan  to  destroy  a  large  amount  of  roll 
ing  stock  collected  in  Edgefield.  The  cavalry  of  Generals  Morgan, 
Forrest,  and  Wheeler  was  actively  engaged  between  Murfreesboro' 
and  Nashville,  and  on  the  flanks  of  the  Federal  position;  and  frequent 

*Capt.  (afterward  Lieut. -Col.)  S.  F.  Chipley  was  acting  A.  A.  G.  during  the 
week's  fighting  on  Stone  River,  and  with  Col.  Hanson  in  the  final  charge  of 
Friday,  January  2,  1863. 

t  Maj.  Viley  was  Chief  Quartermaster  of  Brigade  till  December,  1863,  after 
which  he  was  assigned  to  similar  duty  on  the  staff  of  Gen.  Bate. 

JMaj.  Moorman  was  nominally  Chief  Commissary  of  brigade  till   February, 

1864,  when  he  was  relieved  by  Capt.  C.  W.  Helm,  and  assigned  to  post  duty  at 
LaGrange,  Georgia,  where  he  afterward  died  of  disease. 


152  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

engagements  of  minor  importance  were  taking  place  between  this  arm 
and  the  enemy's  outposts.  The  plan  alluded  to  was  communicated 
to  Morgan  by  Gen.  Breckinridge  early  in  November,  and  the  time 
was  fixed  for  the  morning  of  the  5th  of  that  month.  Forrest,  sup 
ported  by  the  infantry  troops  under  Breckinridge  was  to  approach 
as  nearly  as  possible  to  Nashville,  and  to  make  as  strong  a  demon 
stration  as  he  could  not  to  bring  on  a  general  engagement;  and  it 
was  hoped  that,  in  the  excitement  of  the  moment,  Morgan  could 
destroy  the  cars  at  Edgefield  before  the  enemy  should  become  suffi 
ciently  aware  of  the  object  to  defeat  it. 

Accordingly,  on  the  morning  of  the  4th  of  November,  Breckinridge 
set  out.  At  nightfall  there  was  a  pause  at  Hart's  Springs,  where  the 
troops  rested  till  9  o'clock  p.  M.  ,  when  the  march  was  resumed  and 
continued  till  3  in  the  morning,  at  which  time  the  infantry  was 
within  five  miles  of  Nashville,  with  the  cavalry  in  advance.  Here 
they  rested  till  the  dawn  of  day,  when  Forrest  drove  in  the  Federal 
pickets,  and  sharp  skirmishing  began,  the  infantry  following  at  con 
venient  distance  to  be  rendered  available  in  case  of  emergency.  In  a 
few  minutes  the  Federal  batteries  opened  on  the  east  of  Nashville, 
which  announced  to  those  who  were  advised  of  the  plan  that  Morgan 
had  arrived  promptly  and  begun  his  work.  Some  cavalrymen  were 
wounded,  but  the  infantry  did  not  come  under  fire,  and  the  whole  force 
soon  retired.  The  Kentucky  Brigade  was  allowed  to  rest  and  sleep 
in  the  grounds  of  the  Lunatic  Asylum,  when  they  had  reached  that 
point  on  the  return,  till  the  afternoon,  when  they  marched  back  to 
Hart's  Springs,  and  encamped  for  the  night.  Next  day  they  returned 
to  their  tents  at  Murfreesboro'.  It  was  afterward  ascertained  that  Mor 
gan  was  only  partially  successful,  as  the  enemy  too  soon  be 
came  aware  of  his  object,  and,  after  opening  the  batteries  on  him  from 
Capitol  Hill,  had  marched  out  in  strong  infantry  force,  so  that,  though 
the  train  was  fired,  he  had  not  time  to  make  thorough  work  of  it. 

As  remarked  heretofore,  there  is  no  necessity  that  we  should  enter 
at  length  into  the  history  of  the  armies  at  this  point.  The  situation, 
relative  forces,  importance  to  either  cause  of  the  coming  struggle  be 
tween  Bragg  and  Rosecrans — all  these  may  be  found  in  works  of  greater 
scope. 

The  next  considerable  action  in  which  the  Kentucky  troops  took 
part  was  the  battle  of  Hartsville,  and  this  was  preeminently  a  Ken 
tucky  fight.  Rosecrans  had  stationed  small  forces  at  Gallatin,  Cas- 
talian  Springs  and  Hartsville,  with  the  ostensible  design  of  protecting 
that  portion  of  Tennessee  from  the  incursions  of  cavalry,  and  to  pre 
vent  the  withdrawal  of  supplies  therefrom  for  the  Confederate  army. 
Morgan,  who  was  now  operating  on  that  flank,  conceived  the  design 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  153 

of  capturing  the  force  at  Hartsville.  .After  having  procured  as  accu 
rate  information  as  possible  relative  to  its  strength  and  position,  he 
Communicated  his  plan  to  Bragg,  whose  consent  he  finally  obtained, 
and  the  expedition  was  organized,  which  resulted,  after  a  sharp  conflict 
on  the  morning  of  the  7th  of  December,  in  the  capture  of  the  entire 
garrison  who  were  not  killed  and  wounded  in  the  action.  The  follow 
ing  reports  of  Bragg,  Morgan  and  the  officers  who  commanded  the 
infantry  forces  on  the  occasion,  with  explanatory  notes,  disclose  the 
nature  of  the  undertaking,  the  gallant  conduct  of  all  concerned,  and 
the  result : 


HEADQUARTERS  ARMY  OF  TENNESSEE,          j 
MURFREESBORO',  TENNESSEE,  December  22,  1862.  } 

GeneralS.  Cooper,  Adjutant  and  Inspector-General,  Richmond,   Va. — 

SIR:  Having  been  informed  by  acting  Brig.-Gen.  John  H.  Morgan, 
whose  cavalry  brigade  covered  my  front  in  direction  of  Hartsville, 
Tenn.,  that  the  enemy's  force  at  that  point  was  somewhat  isolated,  I 
yielded  to  his  request  and  organized  an  expedition  under  him  for  their 
attack.  On  the  5th  instant  Hanson's  brigade,  of  Breckinridge's 
division,  was  moved  forward  on  the  road  toward  Hartsville  and  halted 
at  Baird's  Mills,  a  point  nearly  due  east  from  Nashville,  and  half  way 
to  Hartsville,  when  it  was  joined  by  Morgan's  cavalry  force.  Two 
regiments,  the  Second  and  Ninth  Kentucky  Infantry,  with  Cobb's 
Kentucky  Artillery,  moved  from  this  point,  with  the  cavalry,  at  10  p. 
M.  ,  on  the  6th,  to  attack  the  enemy  at  Hartsville.  Early  on  the  morn 
ing  of  the  same  day,  Hanson,  with  the  remainder  of  his  brigade, 
moved  as  directed  on  the  road  toward  Nashville,  for  the  purpose  of  a 
reconnoissance  and  to  cause  a  diversion. 

At  the  same  time  the  troops  above  named  left  their  camps  near  here, 
Maj.-Gen.  Cheatham,  with  two  brigades,  moved  out  on  the  Nashville 
road,  halted  at  night  at  Lavergne,  fifteen  miles,  and,  on  the  next  day, 
in  conjunction  with  Gen.  Wheeler's  cavalry,  made  a  strong  demon 
stration  on  the  enemy's  front. 

These  movements  had  the  desired  effect,  and  completely  distracted 
the  enemy's  attention  from  the  real  point  of  attack.  Learning  that  a 
foraging  train  of  the  enemy  was  on  his  right  flank,  Cheatham  detached 
Wheeler  with  a  cavalry  force  to  attack  it,  which  he  did  in  his  usual 
dashing  and  successful  manner,  capturing  eleven  wagons  and  fifty- 
seven  prisoners.  Under  cover  of  these  feints,  Morgan,  by  an  extra 
ordinary  night  march,  reached  the  point  of  his  destination  about  sun 
rise,  and  in  a  short  but  warmly  contested  engagement,  killed,  wounded 


154  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

and  captured  the  entire  command  of  more  than  2,000  officers  and 
men. 

I  inclose  herewith  the  reports  of  Gen.  Morgan  and  the  subordinate 
commanders,  and  take  great  pleasure  in  commending  the  fortitude, 
endurance  and  gallantry  of  all  engaged  in  this  remarkable  expedition. 
It  is  a  source  of  personal  and  official  gratification  to  perceive  that  the 
department  has  recognized  the  services  of  the  gallant  and  meritorious 
soldier  who  led  the  expedition  by  confirming  my  previous  nomination 
of  him  as  a  brigadier-general. 

Two  sets  of  infantry  colors  and  one  artillery  guidon,  taken  at  Harts- 
ville,  are  also  forwarded  with  this  report.  A  third  set  of  infantry 
colors  was  presented  by  its  captors  to  the  President  on  his  recent  visit 
to  this  place. 

I  am,  sir,  very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

BRAXTON  BRAGG, 

General  Commanding. 


MORGAN'S  HEADQUARTERS,  CROSS-ROADS  NEAR  ) 
MURFREESBORO',  December  9,  1862.          } 

Colonel  Brent,  Chief  of  Staff — 

SIR:  I  have  the  honor  to  lay  before  you,  for  the  information  of  the 
general  commanding,  a  report  of  the  expedition  against  the  Federal 
force  at  Hartsville. 

I  left  these  headquarters  at  10  A.  M.  ,  on  the  6th  instant,  with  one 
thousand  four  hundred  men  of  my  own  command,  under  the  orders  of 
Col.  Duke;  the  Second  and  Ninth  Kentucky  Infantry,  commanded  by 
Col.  Hunt;  Capt.  Cobb's  battery  of  artillery,  and  two  small  howitzers 
and  two  rifled  Ellsworth  guns,  belonging  to  my  own  command. 

At  Lebanon  I  received  information  that  no  change  had  been  made 
in  the  number  of  the  Federals  at  Hartsville,  their  number  being  still 
about  nine  hundred  infantry  and  four  hundred  cavalry,  with  twa 
pieces  of  artillery.  I  found  afterward  that  their  force  had  been  con 
siderably  underrated. 

I  proceeded  with  the  infantry  and  artillery  to  Purcell  Ferry,  on 
the  Cumberland  River,  sending  the  cavalry,  under  the  orders  of  Col. 
Duke,  to  pass  at  a  ford  some  seven  miles  below  the  point  where  we 
were  to  rendezvous.  I  passed  my  troops  with  great  difficulty,  there 
being  but  one  boat;  and  about  half-past  five  on  the  morning  of  the 
7th,  I  arrived  at  Hague  Shops,  two  miles  from  the  Federal  camp. 
I  found  that  Col.  Duke,  with  his  cavalry,  had  only  just  marched  up, 
having  crossed  the  ford  with  difficulty,  and  that  one  regiment  of  his 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  155 

command,  five  hundred  strong  (Col.  Gano's),  had  not  yet  reported. 
Maj.  Stoner's  battalion  had  been  left  on  the  other  side  of  the  Cum 
berland,  with  two  mountain  howitzers,  to  prevent  the  escape  of  the 
enemy  by  the  Lebanon  road;  and  Col.  Bennett's  regiment  had  been 
ordered  to  proceed  to  Hartsville  to  picket  the  road  leading  to  Gallatin, 
and  to  attack  any  of  the  Federals  they  might  find  in  that  town,  to  take 
possession  of  the  Castalian  Springs,  Lafayette,  and  Carthage  roads,  so 
as  to  prevent  the  escape  of  the  enemy.  This  reduced  my  force  con 
siderably  ;  but  I  determined  to  attack,  and  that  at  once.  There  was 
no  time  to  be  lost,  day  was  breaking,  and  the  enemy  might  expect 
strong  reinforcements  from  Castalian  Springs  should  my  arrival  be 
known.  Advancing,  therefore,  with  the  cavalry,  closely  followed  by 
the  artillery  and  infantry,  I  approached  the  enemy's  position.  The 
pickets  were  found  and  shot  down.  The  Yankee  bivouac  first  appeared 
to  cover  a  long  line  of  ground,  and  gave  me  to  suppose  that  their 
number  was  much  greater  than  I  anticipated.  On  nearing  the  camp 
the  alarm  was  sounded,  and  I  could  distinctly  see  and  hear  the  officers 
ordering  their  men  to  fall  in,  preparing  for  resistance.  Col.  Duke 
then  dismounted  Col.  Cluke's  and  Col.  Chenault's  regiments,  in  all 
about  seven  hundred  and  fifty  men,  drawing  them  up  in  line  in  a 
large  field  in  the  front,  and  a  little  to  the  right  of  the  enemy's  line, 
\rhich  was  then  forming;  and  seeing  that  the  artillery  and  infantry 
were  in  position,  he  ordered  his  men  to  advance  at  the  double-quick, 
and  directed  Col.  Chenault,  who  was  on  the  left,  to  oblique  so  as  tx> 
inarch  on  the  enemy's  flank. 

His  men  then  pressed  forward,  driving  the  Federals  for  nearly  half 
a  mile,  without  a  check,  before  them,  until  their  right  wing  was  forced 
back  upon  their  own  left  wing  and  center. 

Duke  then  ordered  a  halt  until  the  infantry  had  begun  their 
attack  on  the  Federal  left  wing,  which  caused  a  retreat  of  the  whole 
line.  At  this  juncture,  Lieut.-Col.  Huffman  and  Maj.  Steele,  of 
Gano's  regiment,  came  up  with  about  one  hundred  men  of  that  regi 
ment,  who  had  succeeded  in  crossing  the  ford,  and  threw  their  small 
force  into  the  fight.  My  dismounted  cavalry,  under  Duke,  had  been 
skirmishing,  previously  to  this,  for  only  about  twenty  minutes ;  but 
seeing  that  Col.  Hunt,  with  the  infantry,  was  pressing  hard  upon  the 
Federal  left,  he  ordered  an  advance  upon  the  right  wing  and  flank 
of  their  new  line.  It  gave  way  and  ceased  firing,  and  soon  after  sur 
rendered. 

Col.  Duke  reports  that  his  men  fought  with  a  courage  and  coolness 
which  could  not  be  surpassed. 

Cluke  and  Chenault  led  on  their  men  with  the  most  determined 
bravery,  encouraging  them  by  voice  and  example. 


156  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

The  timely  arrival  of  Lieut. -Col.  Huffman  and  Maj.  Steele,  and  the 
gallant  manner  in  which  they  threw  themselves  into  the  fight,  had  a 
very  decided  effect  upon  the  battle  at  the  point  of  which  they  entered. 
The  artillery,  under  Capt.  Cobb,  did  most  excellent  service,  and  suf 
fered  severely  from  the  enemy's  battery,  which  fired  with  great  pre 
cision,  blowing  up  one  of  his  caissons  and  inflicting  a  severe  loss  on 
that  arm. 

The  infantry  conducted  themselves  most  gallantly — the  Second  Ken 
tucky  suffering  most  severely. 

Col.  Bennett's  regiment,  as  I  said  before,  was  not  in  the  fight,  hav 
ing  been  sent  on  special  service,  which  was  most  efficiently  performed, 
four  hundred  and  fifty  prisoners  having  been  taken  by  them,  and 
twelve  Federals  killed. 

Thus,  sir,  in  one  hour  and  a  half,  the  troops  under  my  command, 
consisting  of  five  hundred  cavalry  (Col.  Gano's,  Col.  Bennett's  regi 
ments,  and  Maj.  Stoner's  command  not  participating  in  the  fight), 
seven  hundred  infantry,  with  a  battery  of  artillery — in  all  about  one 
thousand  three  hundred  strong — defeated  and  captured  three  well 
disciplined  and  well  formed  regiments  of  infantry  with  a  regiment  of 
cavalry,  and  took  two  rifled  cannon,  the  whole  encamped  on  their  own 
ground,  and  in  a  very  strong  position,  taking  about  eighteen  hundred 
prisoners,  eighteen  hundred  stand  of  arms,  a  quantity  of  ammunition, 
clothing,  quartermaster's  stores,  and  sixteen  wagons.  The  battle  was 
now  over.  The  result  exceeded  my  own  expectations,  but  I  felt 
that  my  position  was  a  most  perilous  one,  being  within  four  miles  in  a 
direct  line  and  only  eight  by  the  main  Gallatin  road  of  an  enemy's 
force  of  at  least  eight  thousand  men,  consisting  of  infantry,  cavalry, 
and  artillery,  who  would  naturally  march  to  the  aid  of  their  comrades 
on  hearing  the  report  of  our  guns.  I,  therefore,  with  the  assistance  of 
my  staff,  got  together  all  the  empty  wagons  left  by  the  enemy,  loaded 
them  with  arms,  ammunition,  and  stores,  and  directed  them  imme 
diately  to  Hart's  Ferry. 

There  was  no  time  to  be  lost.  The  pickets  placed  by  my  assistant 
adjutant-general  on  the  Castalian  Springs  road  sent  to  report  the  ad 
vance  of  a  strong  body  of  Federals,  estimated  at  five  thousand  men. 

I  sent  Cluke's  regiment  to  make  a  show  of  resistance,  ordering 
Gano's  regiment,  which  had  arrived,  in  support.  In  the  meantime  I 
pressed  the  passage  of  the  ford  to  the  utmost. 

This  show  of  force  caused  a  delay  in  the  advance  of  the  enemy,  who 
had  no  idea  of  the  number  of  my  men,  and  probably  greatly  overrated 
my  strength  and  gave  me  time  to  pass  the  ford  with  infantry,  artillery, 
and  baggage  wagons.  The  horses  of  my  cavalry  being  sent  back  from 
the  other  side  of  the  Cumberland  River,  to  carry  over  the  infantry  reg- 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  157 

iments,  it  was  time  to  retreat.  The  enemy  attacked  our  rear,  but  was 
kept  at  bay  by  the  two  regiments  before  specified,  aided  by  four  guns 
I  had  previously  ordered  to  be  placed  in  position  on  the  south  side  of 
the  Cumberland,  looking  forward  to  what  was  now  taking  place.  The 
banks  of  the  river,  on  both  sides,  are  precipitous,  and  the  stream  breast 
deep,  but  our  retreat  was  effected  in  excellent  order.  We  lost  not  a 
man,  except  three  badly  wounded,  that  I  was  reluctantly  forced  to 
leave  behind.  Cavalry,  infamtry,  guns  and  baggage  train  safely  crossed, 
with  the  exception  of  four  wagons,  which  had  been  sent  by  another 
route,  and  which  are  still  safely  hidden  in  the  woods,  according  to  ac 
counts  received  to-day. 

In  justice  to  my  brave  command,  I  would  respectfully  bring  to  the 
notice  of  the  General  commanding  the  names  of  those  officers  who 
contributed,  by  their  undaunted  bravery  and  soldier-like  conduct,  to 
the  brilliant  success  which  crowned  the  efforts  of  the  Confederate  arms. 

To  Col.  Hunt,  of  the  Ninth  Kentucky,  commanding  the  infantry,  I 
am  deeply  indebted  for  his  valuable  assistance.  His  conduct,  and  that 
of  his  brave  regiment,  was  perfect,  and  their  steadiness  under  fire  re 
markable. 

The  Second  Kentucky  also  behaved  most  gallantly,  and  suffered 
severely.  Sixty-five  men  killed  and  wounded,  and  three  regimental 
officers  left  dead  on  the  field,  sufficiently  testified  to  their  share  in  the 
fight,  and  the  resistance  they  had  to  encounter. 

Cluke's  regiment  paid  also  a  high  price  for  its  devotion.  It  went 
into  the  field  two  hundred  and  thirty  strong,  had  six  officers  with 
twenty-one  non-commissioned  officers  and  privates  killed  and  wounded, 
besides  six  missing. 

Duke,  commanding  the  cavalry,  was,  as  he  always  has  been,  "the 
right  man  in  the  right  place."  Wise  in  council,  gallant  in  the  field, 
his  services  have  ever  been  invaluable  to  me. 

I  was  informed  by  my  Adjutant-General  that  Col.  Bennett,  in  the 
execution  of  the  special  service  confided  to  him,  and  in  which  he 
so  entirely  succeeded,  gave  proofs  of  great  gallantly  and  contempt  of 
danger. 

I  owe  much  to  my  personal  staff,  Maj.  Llewellyn,  Captains  Charlton 
Morgan  and  Williams,  and  Lieut.  Bob  Tyler,  acting  as  my  aides  de 
camp,  gave  proof  of  great  devotion,  being  everywhere  in  the  hottest 
fire;  and  Maj.  Llewellyn  received  the  sword  of  Col.  Stewart,  and  the 
surrender  of  his  regiment.  Capt.  Morgan's  and  Capt.  Williams'  horses 
were  killed  under  them,  and  Lieut.  Tyler  was  severely  wounded.  My 
orderly  sergeant,  Craven  Peyton,  received  a  shot  in  his  hip  and  had 
his  horse  killed  by  my  side.* 

*  Young  Peyton  died  of  his  wound. 


158  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

I  must  have  forgiveness  if  I  add,  with  a  soldier's  pride,  that  the  con 
duct  of  my  whole  command  deserved  my  highest  gratitude  and  com 
mendation. 

Three   Federal  regimental  standards  and  five  cavalry  guidons  flut 
tered  over  my  brave  column  on  their  return  from  the  expedition. 
I  have  the  honor  to  be,  sir,  with  respect, 

Your  most  obedient  servant, 

JOHN  H.  MORGAN, 

Brigadier-General. 


HEADQUARTERS  BRECKINRIDGE'S  DIVISION, 
December  u,  1862. 

Maj.  Thos.  M.  Jack,  A.  A.  General— 

SIR  :  I  have  the  honor  to  forward  a  report  from  Col.  R.  W.  Hanson, 
commanding  First  Brigade  of  my  division,  covering  the  report  of  Col. 
Thomas  H.  Hunt,  who  commanded  the  Second  and  Ninth  Kentucky 
Regiments  and  Cobb's  Battery,  in  the  recent  expedition  (under  com 
mand  of  Brig. -Gen.  Morgan)  against  Hartsville;  and  also  the  reports 
of  Maj.  Hewitt  and  Capt.  Morehead,  commanding,  respectively,  the 
Second  and  Ninth  Kentucky. 

I  beg  to  call  attention  to  the  officers  and  men  specially  named  for 
gallantry,  and  to  suggest,  respectfully,  that  the  troops  engaged  in  this 
expedition  deserve  mention  in  orders  for  conduct,  which,  in  fortitude 
and  daring,  has  not  been  surpassed  during  the  war. 
Very  respectfully, 

JOHN  C.  BRECKINRIDGE, 

Major-  General  Commanding. 


HEADQUARTERS  FIRST  BRIGADE,          ") 
CAMP  NEAR  MURFREESBORO', 

December  n,  1862.  ) 
Col.  Buckner,  A.  A.  General — 

In  pursuance  of  the  order  of  Gen.  Bragg,  I  proceeded  with  my  com 
mand,  on  the  5th  instant,  to  Baird's  Mill,  and  remained  two  days, 
making,  as  directed,  reconnoissance  toward  Nashville.  Gen.  Morgan 
designated  the  Second  and  Ninth  Kentucky,  and  Cobb's  Battery,  as 
the  troops  he  desired  to  accompany  him  upon  the  Hartsville  expedi 
tion.  They  were  detached  under  command  of  Col.  Hunt.*  I  inclose, 
herewith,  his  report  of  the  battle  of  Hartsville,  and  the  reports  of  his 

*  It  was  Morgan's  request  that  Col.  Hunt  should  command  the  infantry  selected 
to  join  in  the  expedition. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  159 

subordinate  officers.  I  wish  to  call  attention  to  the  honorable  mention 
;hat  is  made  in  Maj.  Hewitt's  and  Col.  Hunt's  reports  of  the  gallant 
conduct  of  Sergt.  Oldham,  of  the  Second  Kentucky  Regiment,  with 
the  hope  that  the  proper  steps  may  be  taken  to  procure  for  him  the 
reward  of  his  conduct.  Sergt.  Oldham  was  the  color-bearer  of  the 
Second  Kentucky  at  the  battle  of  Donelson,  and  acted  with  great  gal 
lantry  upon  that  occasion.  He  is  a  suitable  man  for  a  lieutenancy,  be 
ing  well  qualified,  as  well  as  truly  brave. 

R.  W.  HANSON, 
Colonel  Com' ding  Brigade. 


HEADQUARTERS  NINTH  KENTUCKY  REGIMENT,  ) 
CAMP  NEAR  MURFREESBORO',  December  9,  1862.      { 

To  Captain  John  S.  Hope,  A.   A.  A.   G,— 

CAPTAIN  :  I  have  the  honor  to  report  that  the  detachment  from  the 
First  Brigade,  Breckinridge's  division— consisting  of  the  Second  Ken 
tucky  Regiment,  Maj.  James  W.  Hewitt,  commanding,  three  hundred 
and  seventy-five  strong;  Ninth  Kentucky  Regiment,  Capt.  James  T. 
Morehead,  commanding,  three  hundred  and  twenty  strong ;  and  Cobb's 
Battery, — placed  under  my  command,  as  senior  officer,  with  orders 
to  report  to  Morgan,  left  Baird's  Mill,  where  the  brigade  was  in 
bivouac,  on  Saturday,  the  6th  instant,  about  one  and  a  half  o'clock, 
p.  M.  Marching  in  the  rear  of  the  cavalry  force  until  we  arrived 
ia  the  vicinity  of  Lebanon,  an  exchange  was  made,  when  the  infantry 
mounted  the  horses  and  rode  five  or  six  miles.  The  command  reached 
Cumberland  River  about  ten  o'clock.  The  infantry,  artillery,  and  a 
small  portion  of  cavalry  crossed  at  Purcell  Ferry,  the  balance  of  the 
cavalry  crossing  at  a  ford  a  few  miles  lower  down  the  river.  The  two 
boats  used  for  crossing  were  of  small  capacity  and  in  miserable  condi 
tion,  but  by  constant  bailing  they  were  kept  afloat,  and  by  five  o'clock 
in  the  morning  the  command  was  safe  over. 

The  march  of  five  miles  to  Hartsville  (where  the  battle  was  fought), 
yet  to  make,  over  bad  roads  for  artillery,  was  not  accomplished  until 
after  sunrise,  and  the  purpose  of  Morgan  to  surprise  the  enemy  was 
defeated.  When  we  approached  in  sight  of  their  camp,  we  found 
their  infantry  already  formed,  occupying  a  very  strong  position  on 
the  crest  of  a  hill,  with  a  deep  ravine  in  front,  and  their  artillery 
in  battery.  The  troops  under  my  command  were  placed  in  position 
west  of  the  enemy's  camp,  while  under  a  heavy  fire  from  their  battery, 
and  sharpshooters  thrown  out  from  their  right,  but  these  latter  were 
quickly  driven  in  by  the  dismounted  cavalry. 

The  Second  Regiment  having  been  formed  on  the  left  of  the  Ninth, 


160  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

was  now  ordered  forward  to  support  and  follow  up  the  success  gained 
by  the  cavalry  skirmishers.  That  they  had  hot  work  to  accomplish 
this  is  shown  by  their  heavy  loss  in  killed  and  wounded. 

In  the  meantime,  Capt.  Cobb,  with  his  battery,  was  not  idle.  He 
was  doing  good  execution,  and  the  enemy  responded  with  effect,  one 
of  their  shells  striking  and  blowing  up  a  caisson.  As  the  ground  was 
cleared  of  the  enemy  opposite  our  left,  he  (Capt.  Cobb)  was  ordered 
to  take  a  new  position  with  his  battery  in  that  direction,  and  at  the 
same  time  the  Ninth  Kentucky  Regiment  was  ordered  forward  to 
engage  the  enemy's  left. 

My  whole  command  was  now  engaged.  The  crest  of  the  hill  was 
reached,  and  here  began  a  desperate  struggle,  as  the  contestants 
were  only  from  thirty  to  fifty  paces  apart,  where  they  fought  for  the 
space  of  ten  minutes,  when  the  order  to  charge  was  given,  and  most 
nobly  was  the  command  responded  to.  The  enemy  broke  and  were 
driven  to  the  river  cliff,  where  they  were  completely  surrounded  by 
my  force  in  front,  and  the  dismounted  cavalry  on  their  flanks  and  rear, 
and  where  they  surrendered  at  discretion. 

It  was  a  continued  success  from  the  beginning.  In  about  one 
and  a  half  hours  from  the  time  the  first  gun  was  fired,  they  surrendered, 
and  more  prisoners  were  brought  off  than  we  had  men  in  action. 
Large  quantities  of  commissary  and  quartermaster  stores  were  also  se 
cured,  and  a  section  of  artillery  and  a  large  number  of  small  arms, 
with  the  usual  supply  of  ammunition. 

Morgan  had  made  most  skillful  disposition,  which,  with  the  good 
fighting  qualities  of  the  troops  engaged,  secured  success.  I  can  not 
speak  in  too  high  terms  of  praise  of  the  troops,  and  I  scarcely  know 
which  most  to  admire,  their  patient  endurance  on  the  march  or  cour 
age  in  the  battle.  They  marched  fifty  miles  in  cold,  winter  weather, 
the  ground  covered  with  snow,  crossed  and  recrossed  the  Cumber 
land  River,  fought  a  largely  superior  force  strongly  posted  within  six 
miles  of  their  supports,  and  brought  off  the  prisoners,  all  within  the 
space  of  thirty  hours.  Capt.  Cobb,  with  his  officers  and  men,  had  a 
most  laborious  time  in  getting  their  pieces  and  horses  across  the  river, 
and  it  was  only  by  the  best  directed  exertions  they  succeeded  at  all. 
Where  officers  and  men  all  behaved  so  well,  it  is  impossible  for  me  to 
single  out  individual  cases  as  peculiarly  worthy  of  commendation.  I 
can  not,  however,  refrain  from  mentioning  Lieut.  Joseph  Benedict, 
who  acted  as  my  aide  on  the  occasion.  He  was  the  right  man  in  the 
right  place. 

I  inclose,  herewith,  copies  of  the  reports  of  Maj.  Hewitt  and  Capt. 
Morehead,  and  would  bring  to  your  attention  the  fact  that  the  former 
commends  Color-Sergt.  John  Oldham  for  his  gallant  bravery. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  161 

The  following  is  a  summary  of  the  loss  sustained  by  my  command : 

COMMAND.  KILLED.  WOUNDED.  MISSING. 

Second  Kentucky  Regiment    ...    8  54  3 

Ninth  Kentucky  Regiment      ...     7  10  I 

Cobb's  Battery 3  7  o 

Total 18  71  4 

Included  in  the  above,  are,  of  the  Second  Kentucky  Regiment, 
Charles  H.  Thomas,  first  lieutenant,  and  John  W.  Rogers,  second 
lieutenant,  Co.  C,  killed;  T.  M.  Home,  first  lieutenant,  Co.  A,  mor 
tally  wounded;  Second  Lieutenant  A.  J.  Pryor,  Co.  D,  and  Lieut. 
I  larding,  Co.  K,  wounded.  Of  Ninth  Kentucky,  Second  Lieut. 
l>andridge  Crockett,  killed;  First  Lieut.  J.  W.  Cleveland,  wounded. 
I  am,  sir,  very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

THOMAS  H.  HUNT, 
Colonel  Commanding  Detachment* 


HEADQUARTERS  SECOND  KENTUCKY  REGIMENT, 
CAMP  MURFREESBORO',  December  9,  1862. 

C  ilonel  Thomas  H.  Hunt — 

SIR  :  I  have  the  honor  to  report  that,  in  pursuance  of  your  orders, 
1  formed  my  regiment  on  the  left  of  the  Ninth  Kentucky,  opposite  the 
enemy's  camp,  near  Hartsville,  a  portion  of  Morgan's  cavalry  being 
at  the  same  time  on  my  left.  When  the  order  came  for  me  to  ad 
vance,  I  ordered  my  regiment  forward;  and,  after  passing  the  fence, 
the  nature  of  the  ground  was  such  that  I  deemed  it  advisable  to  de 
ploy  my  regiment,  and,  therefore,  gave  the  order  to  deploy.  In 
this  way  we  drove  the  enemy  from  their  first  camp,  and  continued  to 
drive  them  until  they  surrendered.  The  officers,  without  an  excep 
tion,  behaved  in  the  most  gallant  style.  They  were  continually  in  ad 
vance  of  their  men,  urging  them  forward;  and,  where  all  behaved  so 
well,  it  would  be  impossible  to  particularize.  Each  seemed  to  vie 
with  the  other  in  deeds  of  gallantry.  The  whole  command,  I  am 
pleased  to  say,  behaved  in  a  most  unexceptionable  manner.  I  can 
not  conclude  my  report  without  reference  to  Color-Sergt.  John  Old- 
ham,  whose  conduct  and  courage  during  the  whole  engagement 
elicited  the  encomiums  of  both  officers  and  men. 

Your  obedient  servant, 

JAMES  W.  HEWITT, 
Major  Commanding  Second  Kentucky  Regiment. 


162  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

NINTH  KENTUCKY  REGIMENT,         ) 
CAMP  NEAR  MURFREESBORO',  December  10,  1862.  j 

To  Colonel  Thomas  H.  Hunt,  Commanding  Infantry— 

SIR  :  At  twelve  o'clock  on  Saturday,  the  sixth  instant,  I,  as  senior 
captain,  was  placed,  by  your  orders,  in  command  of  the  Ninth  Ken 
tucky  Regiment,  which  had,  the  day  before,  moved  to  Baird's  Mills, 
eighteen  miles  from  Murfreesboro',  and  was,  at  that  time,  about  to 
march  against  the  enemy,  reported  to  be  at  Hartsville,  Tennessee. 

The  weather  was  excessively  cold,  the  snow  having  fallen  the  day 
before  to  some  depth,  and  the  road  was  very  rough,  notwithstanding 
which  the  men  marched  steadily  during  the  day  and  night,  and  reached 
the  immediate  neighborhood  of  the  enemy's  camp,  near  Hartsville,  at 
sunrise.  The  enemy  occupied  a  strong  position  in  front  of  his  en 
campment,  his  line  of  battle  stretching  along  the  crest  of  a  hill,  which 
was  separated  from  our  forces  by  an  intervening  hollow  or  ravine. 
Our  line  of  battle  was  formed  with  Cobb's  Battery  on  the  right,  sup 
ported  by  the  Ninth  Kentucky  Regiment  directly  in  its  rear.  On  our 
immediate  left  was  the  Second  Kentucky  Regiment,  and  still  further 
to  the  left  a  portion  of  two  regiments  of  dismounted  cavalry,  under 
Col.  Duke.  The  enemy  occupied,  with  his  sharpshooters,  the  woods 
and  ravines  in  front  of  the  left  wing  of  our  line,  and  opened  a  brisk 
fire  on  us.  Against  them  the  dismounted  cavalry  deployed  as  skir 
mishers,  and  soon  succeeded  in  dislodging  and  driving  them  back  upon 
the  main  body  of  the  enemy.  The  Second  Kentucky  Regiment  was 
ordered  forward,  and  the  Ninth  left  in  support  of  the  battery.  In  a 
few  minutes  after,  I  was  ordered  to  advance,  and  moved  the  regiment, 
in  double  quick,  in  the  direction  of  the  main  body  of  the  enemy, 
going  over,  in  our  route,  very  rough  ground,  and  through  a  deep 
ravine.  Ascending  the  hill,  the  regiment  advanced  to  the  right  of  the 
Second  Kentucky,  halted,  and  immediately  became  engaged,  at  less 
than  fifty  paces,  with  the  enemy.  After  fighting  for  a  short  time,  I 
ordered  a  charge,  which  was  made  with  such  gallantry  by  the  regi 
ment  that  the  left  wing  of  the  enemy's  line  gave  way  and  began 
retreating  in  confusion.  Pressed  closely  by  the  Ninth  Kentucky,  they 
passed  through  their  camps  and  took  refuge  under  the  brow  of  a  hill 
on  the  bank  of  the  river  and  in  rear  of  their  artillery.  The  regiment 
continued  to  move  rapidly  on,  and  captured  the  two  pieces  of  artillery 
and  a  stand  of  colors ;  then  charged  the  line  of  the  enemy  and  drove 
them  to  the  brink  of  the  river,  compelling  their  immediate  surrender. 
Here  we  captured  Col.  Moore,  commanding  brigade,  who,  in  reply  to 
a  question  from  Capt.  Crouch,  answered  that  he  surrendered  himself 
and  all  the  men  around  him,  meaning  the  whole  force.  The  battle 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  163 

vy-as  now  fairly  won,  the  firing  had  ceased,  save  a  few  scattering  shots 
here  and  there.  I  immediately  formed  the  regiment  again  in  line  of 
battle,  had  order  restored,  stragglers  collected,  and  the  men  kept  in 
their  places.  I  sent  details  .from  all  the  companies  to  look  after  the 
dead  and  wounded,  and  detailed  Co.  H,  Capt.  Bosche,  to  guard  the 
One  Hundred  and  Sixth  Ohio  Regiment,  captured  by  us.  The  pris 
oners  being  collected,  I  was  ordered  to  detail  Cos.  A  and  C  to  guard 
them,  and  afterward  Co.  G.  The  regiment  recrossed  the  river,  and 
began  its  march  toward  Lebanon,  Tennessee.  Too  much  praise  can 
not  be  given  to  the  officers  and  men  for  their  spirit  and  patient  endur 
ance  under  a  march  of  almost  unexampled  hardship  and  rapidity,  and 
for  their  gallantry  and  good  conduct  in  action. 

The  regiment  had  in  battle  three  hundred  and  twenty  men,  and  the 
loss  was  eighteen — seven  killed,  ten  wounded,  and  one  missing. 
Respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

JAMES  T.  MOREHEAD, 
Captain  Commanding  Ninth  Kentucky  Regiment. 


INCIDENTS  AND  ANECDOTES  :    AT  MURFREESBORO5  J    AND  AT  AND  AFTER 

HARTSVILLE. 

I.  Splendid  Fighting  of  the  Second  and  Ninth  Regi 
ments,  Infantry. — Gen.  Duke,  who  from  his  position  in  command 
of  the  Second  Cavalry,  saw  Hunt  come  into  action  with  his  two  regi 
ments  and  battery  says  : 

' '  The  infantry  had  marched  quite  thirty  miles,  over  slippery  roads, 
and  through  the  chilling  cold,  and  I  saw  some  of  them  stumble  (as 
they  charged),  with  fatigue  and  numbness;  but  the  brave  boys  rushed 
in  as  if  they  were  going  to  a  frolic.  The  Second  Kentucky  dashed 
over  the  ravine,  and  as  they  emerged  in  some  disorder,  an  unfortunate 
order  to  halt  and  dress  was  given  them.  There  was  no  necessity  for 
it— the  regiment  was  within  fifty  yards  of  the  enemy,  who  were  re 
coiling  and  dropping  before  their  fire.  Several  officers  sprang  to  the 
front  and  countermanded  the  order — it  was  a  matter  of  doubt  who 
gave  it — and  Capt.  Joyce,  seizing  the  colors,  shouted  to  the  men  to 
follow  him. 

The  regiment  rushed  on  again,  but  in  that  brief  halt  sustained 
nearly  all  its  loss.  Just  then,  the  Ninth  Kentucky  came  to  its  sup 
port, — the  men  yelling  and  gliding  over  the  ground  like  panthers. 
The  enemy  gave  way  in  confusion,  and  were  pressed  again  on  their 
right  and  rear  by  Cluke  and  Chenault,  who  were  at  this  juncture  re- 
entorced  by  seventy-five  men  of  Gano's  regiment,  who  came  up  under 
Lieut. -Col.  Huffman,  commanding  the  regiment  in  Gano's  absence, 
and  Maj.  Steele,  and  at  once  went  into  the  fight.  A  few  minutes  then 
sutticed  to  finish  the  affair.  The  enemy  were  crowded  together  in  a 
narrow  space,  and  were  dropping  like  sheep.  The  white  flag  was 


!64  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

hoisted  in  an  hour  after  the  first  shot  was  fired.  Our  loss  in  killed  and 
wounded  was  one  hundred  and  twenty-five,  of  which  the  Second  Ken 
tucky  lost  sixty-five,  the  Ninth  eighteen,  the  cavalry  thirty-two  and 
Cobb's  Battery  ten." 

II.  The  Blue  and  the  Gray  Meet  and  Greet. — The  fortunes 
of  war  often  furnished  touchstones  of  character  by  which  the  com 
batants  learned  to  know,  and,  in  many  instances,  to  honor  each  other's 
manly  traits.     Dr.  John  O.  Scott,  left  at  Hartsville  in  charge  of  the 
wounded,  has  told  of  an  occurrence  in  point.     Shortly  after  Hunt  and 
Morgan  had  withdrawn  from  the  battleground  and  hurried  across  the 
Cumberland  with  their  prisoners  and  captured  munition  of  war,  a  Fed 
eral  force  arrived,  having  set  off  hastily  from  their  camp,  only  eight 
miles  distant  by  the  Lebanon  road,  as  soon  as  the  continuous  artillery 
firing  indicated  that  an  attack  had  been  made  on  Moore.     Scott  and 
his  nurses,  busily  engaged  with  their  wounded  men  at  Mrs.  Hallibur- 
ton's,  received  an  order  to  report  to  the  commander  of  the  newly- 
arrived  troops.     They  responded  promptly,  but  were  uncertain  as  to 
what  was  in  store  for  them,  and  feared  some  interference  with  the  at 
tention  now  so  important  to  the  sufferers.   Approaching  the  command 
ing  officer,  however,  one  of  the  detail  recognized  him,   and  ventured 
to  call  out  familiarly,    "  How  are  you,  John?"     That  dispelled   the 
cloud.     "  John "  was  Gen.  John  M.  Harlan,  of  Kentucky,  and  he 
responded  cordially.     Mutual  inquiries  were  made  about  old  friends 
and  acquaintances  back  in  the  State  and  in  the  Confederate  army ; 
"the  wall  of  partition  was  broken  down  "  for  the  time;  and  the  Fed 
eral  commander  addressed  himself  at  once  to  the  business  of  providing 
medical  and  food  supplies,  and  otherwise  contributing  to  the  relief  of 
the  suffering  Confederates  as  well  as  of  Col.  Moore's  men. 

III.  "Cunny"  Fooled  Them.— The  Second  Kentucky  had  a 
man  named  Cunningham,  who  so  far  resembled  Cassius  that  he  had  at 
least  a  "  lean  and  hungry  look."     It  is  to  be  presumed  that  after  a  year 
and  a  halfof  army  life,  of  which  nearly  seven  months  were  spent  in  a 
Federal  prison,  he  looked  a  good  deal  hungrier  than  the  old  Roman. 
The  men  called  him  "  Cunny,"  and  they  declared  that  Cunny  could 
never  get  a  flesh  wound.     At  Hartsville,  however,  a  bullet  found  mus 
cle  enough  on  one  of  his  legs  to  go  through  without  breaking  a  bone, 
and  he  had  the  laugh  on  them — declaring  that  "  Cunny  did  get  a  flesh 
wound  and  a  good  furlough." 

IV.  Scenes  on  the  Battlefield. — The  explosion  of  Cobb's  cais 
son  was  frightful.     It  scattered  men  and  horses  with  a  horrible  noise 
that  hushed  the  din  of  battle.     Near  this  spot  we  found  the  body  of 
Watts,  of  Paducah.     He  was  shockingly  disfigured.     He  was  riding 
the  caisson  when  it  blew  up.     A  little  further  on  towards  the  crest  of 
the  hill  was  Lieut.  Charlie  Thomas,  of  the  Second  Kentucky,  wounded 
in  the  left  breast — the  blood  spurting  from  the  wound;  and  near  him, 
dead,  lay  his  handsome  mess-mate,  Lieut.  Rogers.     This  was  the  spot 
where  some  confusion  occurred  in  the  charge  up  the  hill  in  the  face  of 
a  galling  fire,  when  Moss,  McDowell,  Lee,  Joyce,  Higgins  and  other 
officers  rushed  forward  and  by  command  and  cheer  renewed  the  charge. 
At  the  hospital  we  gathered  about  one  hundred  and  fifty  wounded 
men,  Confederate  and  Federal;  and  when  too  late  for  glory  or  John 
Morgan  the  enemy  captured  our  men.     I  remember  one  unsoldierly 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  165 

act :  a  member  of  Stokes's  cavalry  took  a  United  States  blanket  from 
(raven  Peyton,  Col.  Morgan's  orderly,  who  had  been  badly  wounded, 
remarking,  as  he  did  so:  "I  guess  that's  our'n;  "  but  he  did  not  see 
the  fine  ivory-mounted  pistol  Morgan  had  given  him. 

Gen.  Harlan  went  with  us  to  Mrs.  Halliburton's  house,  after  we  re 
ported  to  him,  and  ordered  sugar,  coffee,  and  other  rations  for  our 
wounded;  also,  ambulances  and  a  surgeon,  and  they  were  taken  to 
Hartsville,  about  a  mile  from  the  field.  The  ladies  entered  heartily 
into  the  work  of  caring  for  them.  Mrs.  Hart  had  Craven  Peyton  car 
ried  to  her  house,  where  he  afterward  died.  Hodges,  of  Bourbon 
C  ounty,  had  his  leg  amputated,  but  he  never  rallied  from  the  effects 
of  the  chloroform.  Young  Edwards,  Second  Kentucky,  wounded 
through  the  lungs,  believed  himself  dying  and  asked  a  nurse  to  pray 
for  him.  Instead  of  doing  so  he  rushed  off  after  Father  Pickett.  He 
came  and  prayed  there  in  the  dead  of  night  over  the  dying  soldier — a 
solemn  scene.  When  the  wounded  were  all  cared  for,  I  and  my 
nurses  returned  to  Murfreesboro'  and  reported  to  Gen.  Hanson.  When 
I  told  him  how  kind  Gen.  Harlan  had  been  he  appreciated  it,  of 
course,  but  he  simply  asked,  "  And  did  he  tell  you  what  he  was  fight 
ing  hit"— Dr.  John  O.  Scott. 

V.  How  We  Took  Nashville.— Jim  Wilson,  of  Co.  E,  Sixth 
Kentucky,  was  one  of  our  wags  whose  pranks  and  speeches  enlivened 
hours  that  might  otherwise  have  been  monotonous  and  very  trying. 
On  the  march  towards  Nashville,  November  4th,  1862,  to  divert  atten- 
t  on  from  Morgan's  operations  north  of  the  Cumberland,  the  rank  and 
fie  were  of  course  ignorant  of  what  was  in  view;  and  when  we  were 
marching  back  two  days  afterward,  without  having  fired  a  gun,  and 
t  eing  still  in  some  doubt  as  to  whether  anything  had  been  accom- 
plished,  we  were  not  in  the  most  comfortable  frame  of  mind.     Wilson 
was  grum,  but  not  entirely  speechless,  and  occasionally  stirred  up  his 
p. art  of  the  column  a  little.     One  sally  is  worth  recording:  As  we 
passed  a  large  residence  near  the  pike,  on  the  portico  of  which  a  num 
ber  of  persons  stood  observing  us,  a  lady  called  out  eagerly,  "  Did  you 
take  Nashville?"     Wilson  was  quick  to  reply,  "Oh — yes,   yes:  we 
took  Nashville — but  we  couldn't  bring  it  with  us !  "     Our  friends  at  the 
house  joined  in  the  laugh  that  followed,  and  Jim  trudged  on  with  the 
air  of  a  man  who  with  a  single  sentence  had  explained  everything  con 
nected  with  the  expedition. 

VI.  How  Jap  Got  and  Kept  the  Mule. — Sergt.  Jasper  An 
derson,  Co.  B,  Ninth  Kentucky,  familiarly  known  as  "Jap,"  had  the 
distinction,  among  others,  of  being  the  only  "  web-foot"  whoever  beat 
a  Morgan  man  when  property  rights  were  to  be  considered.     He  was 
accused  by  some  of  those  rough  riders  of  having  stolen  one  of  their 
mules,  and  they  said  that  a  man  who  could  steal  a  mule  from  them 
"  inade  a  record." 

After  Morgan  and  Hunt  had  compelled  the  Federal  outpost  at  Harts 
ville  to  surrender,  as  noticed  in  preceding  chapter,  and  the  Confed 
erates  were  hastily  gathering  up  arms,  and  other  property  with  which 
the  encampment  abounded,  preparatory  to  a  hasty  and  successful  re 
treat  which  followed,  Jap  found  a  red  mule,  with  a  blind  bridle  on, 
roaming  around,  and  took  possession  of  him.  He  seemed  to  have  had 
a  quick  eye  for  the  supply  and  medical  departments,  as  being  most 


166  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

promising,  and  soon  had  his  mule  loaded  with  a  dozen  large  United 
States  blankets,  about  thirty  pounds  of  coffee,  and  a  dozen  canteens  of 
apple  brandy — a  keg  or  barrel  of  which  he  had  scented  while  nosing 
around,  and  from  which  he  filled  all  the  canteens  he  could  lay  hands 
on.  Having  mounted  and  set  out  for  the  ferry,  he  was  halted  by  a 
cavalryman,  who  demanded  the  mule,  under  order  of  Gen.  Morgan 
that  all  infantry-men  should  be  promptly  dismounted.  Anderson  re 
plied  that  the  mule  belonged  to  headquarters,  and  that  they  would  have 
to  go  to  Capt.  Morehead,  then  in  command  of  the  Ninth  Regiment,  to 
see  what  he  had  to  say  about  it.  When  Morehead  was  found  he  said 
that  Gen.  Morgan  had  ordered  all  animals  to  be  given  up,  and  that  he 
would  have  to  comply.  "  But,"  said  Jap,  "  I  can't  do  that,  Captain. 
I  have  a  valuable  cargo  here,  and  I  can't  carry  it  myself!"  "What 
have  you?"  "Well,  these  blankets,  as  you  see,  and  a  big  lot  of 
coffee,  and  something  in  the  canteens.  Try  a  canteen."  The  Captain 
took  a  taste  and  a  new  light  broke  in  on  him.  "Why,  Jap,  this  is  good 
apple  brandy !  "  Then  he  took  another  pull  or  two  and  wound  up 
with:  "Jap,  you  keep  that  mule,  and  stay  along  with  headquarters. 
Shoot  the  first  cavalryman  that  tries  to  take  him  away  from  you." 
And  to  the  man  who  was  waiting  to  dismount  Anderson:  "You  tell 
John  Morgan  that  this  is  my  mule;  he  can't  have  him."  The  provi 
dent  and  persuasive  web-foot  said  afterward  that  he  rode  that  mule 
right  along  in  front,  like  a  staff-officer,  slept  at  headquarters  that  night, 
and  rode  him  to  Murfreesboro'  next  day — at  last  turning  him  loose 
only  when  he  had  nothing  for  him  to  carry. 

VII.  After  Many  Years  :  A  Singular  Occurrence. — After  that 
noble  young  fellow,  Sergt.  Thomas  Maddox,  of  Co.  E,  Second  Ken 
tucky,  was  killed,  one  of  his  lieutenants,  the  Rev.  G.  B.  Overton,  em 
braced  the  first  opportunity  which  seemed  to  promise  success  in  getting 
a  letter  through  the  lines  to  his  parents,  notifying  them  of  his  death 
and  the  manner  of  it,  as  well  as  the  character  which  he  had  maintained 
as  a  man  and  a  soldier.  Two  and  a  half  years  more  of  the  exciting 
events  of  war,  the  disappointment  brought  by  the  final  overthrow 
of  the  Confederacy,  and  the  exacting  duties  of  the  life  that  followed, 
led  him  to  forget  that  he  had  ever  written  it.  Thirty-five  years  after 
ward,  however,  while  as  Presiding  Elder  he  was  holding  a  quarterly 
meeting  at  Jeffersontown,  Ky. ,  he  was  invited  to  the  home  of  Mrs. 
Buchanan,  Maddox's  sister,  who  brought  vividly  to  his  mind  the 
mournful  circumstance  by  giving  him  the  letter,  which  she  had  care 
fully  preserved.  The  following  is  a  copy  : 

"  CAMP  NEAR  MURFREESBORO',  TENN.  , 

December  13,   1862. 
' '  Mr.  and  Mrs.   Maddox— 

"  DEAR  SIR  AND  MADAM  :  It  is  my  painful  duty  to  announce  to  you 
the  death  of  your  son,  Thos.  Maddox,  a  sergeant  of  Second  Kentucky 
Regiment. 

"  He  was  killed  in  the  battle  of  Hartsville,  December  7,  1862.  One 
ball  entered  his  arm,  another  his  breast,  and  a  third  his  mouth,  which 
being  partly  opened  did  not  in  the  least  disfigure  his  face. 

"  I  have  known  Tom  well  and  intimately  ever  since  he  entered  the 
army.  I  never  knew  a  better  boy  nor  one  whom  I  loved  more.  The 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN    URIGADE.  167 

contamination  of  camp  life  never  reached  his  pure  and  lofty  spirit.  I 
never  knew  him  to  do  a  wrong.  I  never  heard  him  speak  an  unkind 
u-ord.  He  lived  in  the  fear  of  God  and  kept  His  commandments. 

"  He  was  as  brave  as  the  bravest;  and  a  smile  of  heavenly  sweet 
ness  rested  on  his  countenance  in  death. 

"  As  sure  as  the  Bible  is  true  and  religion  a  divine  reality,  his  spirit 
rests  with  the  sacramental  host  of  God's  elect.  I  bid  you  not  sorrow 
;>s  those  that  have  no  hope,  for  he  shall  live  again  when  the  light 
'if  the  resurrection  morn  illumines  the  earth.  Death  shall  restore  him 
immortal.  May  this  blessed  hope  console  your  hearts  in  your  sad 
bereavement.  May  the  God  of  all  grace  comfort  your  hearts  as  only 
He  can. 

"  Yours  respectfully, 

"G.   B.   OVERTON, 
"  Sometime  Chaplain  Second  Kentucky,  now  a  Lieut,  of  Co.  E" 


168  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 


CHAPTER  IX. 

BATTLE  OF  STONE  RIVER. INCIDENTS  AND  ANECDOTES. 

On  the  afternoon  of  the  8th  December  the  brigade  again  took  up  its 
quarters  at  Murfreesboro',  and  the  ordinary  business  attendant  upon 
camp  life  engaged  attention,  with  little  to  vary  the  monotony  till  near 
the  close  of  the  month.  Daily  drill  was  practiced;  and  all  that  con 
cerned  their  welfare  and  their  training  was  inquired  into  by  their  ever- 
vigilant  commander.  An  order,  which  had  been  received  on  the  i8th 
of  July,  while  Breckinridge's  division  was  at  Vicksburg,  to  discharge  all 
soldiers  who  should  be  under  eighteen  or  over  thirty-five  years  of  age, 
at  the  expiration  of  the  term  for  which  they  had  originally  enlisted,  re 
quired  some  attention  here,  both  before  and  after  the  battle  of  Harts- 
ville ;  and  a  few  of  this  class  of  soldiers  were  discharged  from  the  Sixth 
and  Ninth  Regiments.  On  the  i3th  of  December,  President  Davis 
visited  the  army  at  this  point  and  reviewed  the  troops.  Occasionally 
an  old  familiar  face  would  appear  in  the  various  camps,  fresh  from 
Kentucky,  and  news  from  home  would  contribute  its  mite  of  joy  or 
sadness. 

The  weather  was  generally  fair,  and  seemed  rather  to  invite  to  active 
operations;  but,  aside  from  the  constant  movements  and  skirmishes  of 
the  cavalry,  all  was  quiet  enough,  and,  as  far  as  warfare  may  be,  gen 
erally  pleasant  enough,  too.  The  troops  now  had  as  many  tents  as 
were  really  needed,  and  to  these  little  chimneys  had  been  constructed, 
which  rendered  them  almost  as  snug,  even  in  the  worst  weather,  as  the 
cabins  usually  prepared  for  winter  quarters.  They  were  better  fed  and 
better  clothed  than  they  had  been  before  since  leaving  Bowling  Green; 
and  thus  Christmas  came  on,  with  its  thousand  memories  and  associa 
tions  ;  but  with  it  came  news  of  trouble  at  the  front. 

On  the  afternoon  of  December  26th,  it  was  rumored  that  Rosecrans 
was  advancing  with  a  heavy  and  well-appointed  force.  The  forenoon 
had  been  dark,  rainy,  and  disagreeable ;  but  about  one  o'clock  the  rain 
ceased,  the  afternoon  was  brighter,  and  there  was  more  animation  in 
the  widely  extended  encampments.  Towards  night  the  distant  boom 
of  artillery  was  heard,  and  was  kept  up  steadily  for  a  short  period,  as  at 
the  opening  of  a  regular  engagement.  It  was  the  Twenty-first  Corps, 
under  Gen.  Crittenden,  engaged  with  the  Confederate  outposts  in  the 
vicinity  of  La  Vergne.  This  corps  was  advancing  directly  on  Bragg's 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  169 

<  enter,  by  way  of  the  Nashville  and  Murfreesboro'  pike,  with  Thomas 
and  McCook  (Fourteenth  and  Twentieth  Corps),  on  his  right,  proceed 
ing  by  way  of  the  Franklin  and  Nolensville  roads.  The  advance  of 
these  corps  was  also  contested,  and  their  artillery  was  frequently  brought 
into  play  before  night. 

Crittenden  encamped  about  nightfall  near  La  Vergne.  Rain  fell 
again  during  the  night.  It  ceased  before  daylight  of  the  2yth,  but  there 
was  a  deep  fog  in  the  morning,  which  did  not  lift  until  about  nine 
o'clock,  when  Hascall's  Brigade  was  able  to  move  upon  the  Confed 
erate  force  occupying  La  Vergne,  which  it  compelled  to  retire.  The 
corps  then  resumed  its  march;  but  soon  the  cold  and  driving  rain  set 
in,  and  continued  almost  without  cessation  during  the  remainder  of  the 
day.  After  some  desultory  fighting,  as  the  Confederate  outposts  gradu 
ally  retired,  it  encamped  that  night  near  Stewart's  creek,  within  ten 
miles  of  Murfreesboro' — with  the  Confederate  pickets,  however,  still 
I  tetween  it  and  the  stream. 

At  Murfreesboro'  the  main  army  of  Bragg  lay  quiet  throughout  the 
day,  and  there  was  little  or  no  preparation  looking  to  a  battle.  Rumor 
was  there,  with  her  "thousand  tongues;"  but  at  nightfall  nothing 
definite  seemed  to  have  been  learned  with  regard  to  the  real  design  of 
;he  Federal  general, — or,  if  he  had  learned  anything  about  it,  Bragg 
appears  to  have  been  over  confident  of  his  strength,  and  rather  de 
sirous  of  courting  battle  upon  an  open  field  than  of  securing  himself 
from  defeat  by  fortifying  his  position. 

Just  before  sunset  the  season  of  rain  and  dreariness  seemed  to  be 
ended.  The  sun  came  out,  and  the  sky  began  to  clear;  and  though 
the  night  was  dark  with  lingering  clouds,  the  next  morning  was  serene 
and  bright — a  beautiful  Sabbath  morning,  opening  a  week  big  with 
fate  to  the  contending  hosts  and  to  the  country.  Bragg  was  at  last 
aroused,  and  orders  were  issued  at  an  early  hour  for  the  army  to  take 
position,  which  it  did  during  the  day,  December  28th,  and  early  on 
the  morning  of  the  next. 

For  the  better  understanding  of  allusions  in  the  reports  which  we 
herewith  publish,  we  may  state  that  the  army  had  been  divided  into 
two  corps,  commanded  respectively  by  Lieutenant-Generals  Polk  and 
Hardee.  The  extreme  right  of  the  position  chosen  terminated  on  the 
Lebanon  pike,  two  miles,  perhaps,  from  Murfreesboro',  the  extreme 
left  beyond  or  west  of  the  Franklin  road.  Hardee's  corps  was  to 
form  right  wing,  extending  from  the  Lebanon  road  to  Stone  River, 
nearly  opposite  Cowan's  house,  or  the  famous  "burnt  house,"  so 
much  referred  to  in  descriptions  of  that  engagement.  Folk's  corps 
was  to  form  left  wing,  touching  Stone  River,  opposite  Hardee,  and  ex 
tending  to  the  left  across  the  Nashville  pike,  the  Nashville  Railroad 


170  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

and  on  toward  the  Franklin  road.  In  addition  to  the  two  divisions 
each  of  Folk's  and  Hardee's  corps,  the  division  of  Maj.-Gen.  Mc- 
Cown,  of  Gen.  Kirby  Smith's  corps,  was  present.  The  cavalry  was 
in  two  divisions,  under  Major-Generals  Wheeler  and  Wharton,  with  a 
smaller  command  under  Pegram.  The  cavalry  commanders  were  to 
watch  their  opportunity  to  make  a  circuitous  march,  dash  upon  Rose- 
crans'  wagon  train,  and  interfere  with  his  arrangements  in  the  rear  as 
much  as  possible,  after  which  Wheeler  and  Wharton  were  to  watch  a 
flank  each,  and  Pegram  was  to  be  held  in  reserve  by  the  commanding 
general. 

When  the  formation  was  first  made,  Hardee's  corps  was  placed 
wholly  on  the  right  of  Stone  River,  Breckinridge's  division  constitut 
ing  first  line,  Cleburne  second,  while  Maj.-Gen.  McCown's  was  held 
as  a  reserve  force. 

During  the  forenoon,  Breckinridge's  division,  consisting  of  four 
brigades  and  their  meager  compliment  of  artillery,  was  formed  on  the 
right  bank  of  Stone  River,  almost  perpendicularly  with  the  stream  at 
that  point — its  right  resting  on  the  Lebanon  pike,  and  its  left  on  or 
near  the  river,  a  short  distance  below  the  crossing  of  the  Nashville 
pike.  The  Kentucky  Brigade,  then  under  command  of  Brig.-Gen. 
Roger  W.  Hanson,  occupied  Breckinridge's  extreme  left.  Brig.-Gen. 
J.  R.  Jackson's  command  of  cavalry,  temporarily  reporting  to  Breck- 
inridge,  was  held  in  reserve  on  the  right  flank,  east  of  the  Lebanon 
road.  Cleburne's  division  formed  the  second  line,  in  easy  supporting 
distance,  and  Maj.-Gen.  McCown,  of  Kirby  Smith's  corps,  being  then 
with  Bragg,  was  held  with  his  divisions  as  reserve. 

Thus,  it  will  be  seen,  the  preponderance  of  forces  was  at  first  on 
the  right — plainly  indicating  that  Bragg  anticipated  the  heaviest  blow 
from  that  quarter,  to  which  view  he  was  doubtless  led  by  the  fact 
that  the  dense  wood  on  the  left  offered  such  an  obstacle  to  success 
ful  advance  or  retreat  as  would  most  likely  determine  Rosecrans  to 
strike  at  a  less  obstructed  point. 

The  day  was  passed  in  almost  unbroken  quiet — the  men  cooking 
their  rations  in  the  afternoon,  and  preparing  for  active  work.  The 
next  morning  was  clear,  but  crisp  and  chilly ;  but  as  the  sun  rose  it 
became  spring-like  in  its  mildness.  The  army  remained  in  position ; 
but  the  formation  of  the  previous  day  was  essentially  modified  during 
the  forenoon,  when  it  was  ascertained  that  the  heavier  Federal  force 
was  approaching  by  the  lower  roads.  The  divisions  of  Cleburne  and 
McCown  were  transferred  to  the  left,  leaving  Breckinridge  alone  to 
hold  the  right,  with  his  own  division  and  Jackson's  cavalry.  The 
cannonading,  though  distant,  announced  that  the  enemy  was  advanc 
ing.  Steadily  he  came  on,  while  the  Confederate  officers  were  busy 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  171 

all  the  forenoon  inspecting  the  ground — studying  the  field  so  soon  to 
become  historic  in  the  annals  of  America.  There  was  an  eminence, 
six  or  eight  hundred  yards  in  advance  of  Breckinridge's  line,  com 
manding  the  river  on  the  left  and  in  the  front,  sloping  gradually  to  the 
water's  edge;  and  this  it  was  deemed  necessary  to  occupy.  It  was 
also  considered  important  that  the  right  of  the  division  should  con 
tinue  to  rest  on,  or  very  near  the  Lebanon  pike,  while  the  left  should 
be  in  easy  supporting  distance  of  the  right  of  Folk's  corps,  and  con 
venient  to  the  ford  near  the  ruins  of  the  bridge  on  the  Nashville  rail 
road.  The  force  assigned  to  this  part  of  the  line  was  not  sufficient, 
however,  to  fill  out  the  space  from  the  river  to  the  road,  should  the 
whole  be  advanced  so  as  to  cover  the  hill  in  question,  without  weaken 
ing  the  support;  and  it  was  determined  to  detach  the  Kentucky  Bri 
gade.  This  was  accordingly  thrown  forward;  and  before  sundown  the 
battery  of  light  artillery,  under  command  of  Capt.  Robert  Cobb, 
(attached  to  this  brigade  from  the  time  of  its  organization  till  just  before 
the  battle  of  Mission  Ridge),  was  posted  upon  the  crest  of  the  hill, 
with  the  infantry  in  close  supporting  distance.  Hanson  was  now  com 
pletely  isolated — being  considerably  in  advance  of  the  right  of  Folk's 
corps,  as  well  as  the  remaining  brigades  of  Breckinridge's  division. 

In  the  afternoon,  a  large  brick  house  near  the  intersection  of  the 
railroad  and  the  Nashville  pike,  almost  directly  in  front  of  Hanson's 
position,  was  fired,  by  order  of  Bragg,  to  prevent  its  occupancy  by 
Crittenden's  sharpshooters. 

The  flames  had  scarcely  ceased  to  rage,  when  the  advance  of  the 
Federal  army  appeared  along  the  front,  on  each  side  of  the  turnpike, 
and  bivouacked  in  line  of  battle — Wood's  division  and  Grose's  bri 
gade,  of  Palmer's  division,  touching  upon  the  left  and  the  right  of  the 
road  respectively,  and  just  beyond  the  burnt  house.  As  night  drew 
on,  the  skies  became  again  overclouded,  and  the  air  exceedingly  raw 
and  disagreeable.  Without  tents,  without  fires,  and,  on  the  Confed 
erate  side,  without  adequate  protection  in  the  way  of  blankets  and 
clothing,  the  troops  prepared  to  sleep  in  line  of  battle. 

An  incident  now  occurred  which  is  worthy  of  record,  as  probably 
never  having  been  fully  understood  in  all  its  bearings  by  the  Federal 
troops  concerned  in  it.  A  heavy  picket  force  had  been  thrown  out  in 
front  of  the  Kentucky  Brigade,  occupying  this^advanced  and  isolated 
position  as  before  explained.  The  remainder  of  the  command  were 
endeavoring  to  make  themselves  as  comfortable  as  possible,  some 
thirty  yards  back  from  the  crest  of  the  hill, — some  of  them  having 
already  lain  down  to  sleep, — when  they  were  suddenly  aroused  by 
rapid  firing  in  the  vicinity  of  the  burnt  house.  They  sprang  to  arms, 
but  had  not  completed  formation  when  the  flash  of  rifles  was  seen 


172  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

along  the  little  eminence,  and  bullets  came  whistling  over  and  among 
them.  The  pickets  had  been  driven  in,  closely  followed  by  the  Fed 
erals,  who  were  now  upon  the  main  body  of  the  brigade, — in  what 
force  it  was  impossible  to  determine,  and  the  situation  was  critical  in 
the  extreme.  Knowing  their  own  weakness,  being  apprehensive  of 
the  strength  of  the  attacking  force,  and  conscious  at  first  thought  that 
their  shots  might  be  far  more  destructive  to  the  retreating  pickets  than 
to  the  enemy,  there  was  no  alternative  for  the  Confederates  but  to  fall 
back  under  fire,  in  the  now  total  darkness,  and  prepare  for  action,  or 
else  break  into  a  rout  and  leave  the  field  precipitately.  It  was  a  try 
ing  moment;  but  the  officers  were  equal  to  the  emergency,  and  the 
command  was  speedily  aligned  and  prepared  for  resistance.  It  directly 
appeared,  however,  that  the  assailing  force  had  no  disposition  to  press 
the  attack,  as  only  a  few  straggling  shots  were  fired  after  the  first  near 
volley  or  two — the  greater  portion  of  the  enemy  withdrawing  at  once 
to  their  supporting  force  beyond  the  river.  It  was  afterward  stated 
that  some  misapprehension  had  arisen  in  the  mind  of  Rosecrans, 
owing  to  false  or  misinterpreted  signals,  leading  him  to  suppose  that 
the  Confederate  right  had  been  withdrawn ;  whereupon  he  had  or 
dered  a  portion  of  the  Twenty-first  Corps  to  advance  and  occupy  the 
town.  In  compliance  with  this  order,  HascalPs  brigade  actually 
crossed  the  river,  and,  as  we  have  seen,  encountered  and  drove  in  the 
pickets,  and  part  of  it  dashed  up  to  the  very  muzzles  of  Cobb's  guns, 
and  almost  within  bayonet  reach  of  the  infantry.  One  man  ran  up  so 
close  to  the  battery  that  the  fire  from  his  rifle  singed  and  powder-burnt 
one  of  the  gunners ;  but  in  the  darkness  and  confusion  he  made  his 
escape. 

When  the  enemy  retired,  the  brigade  was  withdrawn  some  three  or 
four  hundred  yards,  fearing  to  advance,  lest  they  come  suddenly  upon 
the  enemy  lying  in  wait,  and  being  apprehensive  of  an  attack  in  force 
should  they  remain  in  position  there.  The  loss  inflicted  upon  the  main 
body  of  these  troops  was  inconsiderable ;  but  a  number  of  the  pickets 
had  been  wounded — some  of  whom  fell  into  Federal  hands, — besides 
two  or  three  killed.  The  Forty-first  Alabama  Infantry,  which  had 
lately  been  attached  to  this  brigade,  lost  one  of  its  best  officers,  who 
was  commanding  the  picket  force  and  fell  when  the  onset  was  first 
made. 

Thus,  it  will  be  seen,  this  important  position,  the  loss  of  which  would 
have  thoroughly  disconcerted  all  the  plans  of  the  Confederate  General, 
and  changed  the  entire  aspect  of  the  battle,  hung  for  a  moment  in  the 
wavering  of  a  balance.  The  Federals  being  once  established  upon  it, 
the  natural  strength  of  Bragg's  position  would  have  been  rendered 
nugatory.  It  would  have  given  the  Federal  army  three  of  the  strong- 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  173 

est  positions  possible  to  have  been  attained  on  that  memorable  field  ; 
namely,  that  which  Gen.  Sheridan  occupied  on  Tuesday  evening,  and 
from  which  he  could  scarcely  be  driven  at  all  on  Wednesday,  though  the 
other  divisions  of  that  corps  had  been  pushed  back  and  left  him  doubly 
exposed;  the  celebrated  "  Round  Forest,"  in  the  center,  where  Neg- 
ley  and  Rousseau  withstood  successive  dashes  of  the  storm,  and  over 
which  the  contending  armies  continued  to  struggle,  at  times,  till  after 
Bragg  had  brought  about  the  denouement  by  sacrificing  Breckinridge 
on  Friday  afternoon;  and  this,  the  key  to  the  Confederate  position, 
and  which  would  have  rendered  practicable  the  original  plan  of  the 
battle  which  Rosecrans  proposed  to  himself.  It  was  one  of  those 
peculiar  circumstances  of  war  beyond  which  men  cannot  see — of  which 
the  prudent  cannot  avail  themselves,  but  which  sometimes  serve"  to 
give  blind  and  heedless  leaders  an  extrinsic  greatness.  A  venturesome 
dash  upon  the  place  that  night  would  have  put  it  under  Federal  con 
trol.  Even  a  conflict  in  the  darkness,  with  the  weak  force  by  which  it 
was  held,  could  scarcely  have  resulted  in  anything  else,  had  the  assail 
ants  been  strong  enough  to  cover  the  line  while  the  temporary  con 
fusion  prevailed ;  but  there  was  really  no  need  for  this,  as,  after  the 
skirmishers  retired,  the  main  body  of  Hascall's  troops  could  hardly 
have  reached  it  so  soon  as  not  to  find  it  abandoned.  It  seems,  how 
ever,  to  have  been  decreed  that  the  battle  should  not  be  lightly  won 
by  either  of  the  belligerents;  and  the  night  passed,  with  this  bone  of 
contention  lying  alone,  midway  between  them. 

After  having  withdrawn  to  such  distance  as  to  be  comparatively  safe 
from  the  shots  that  might  be  fired  from  this  hill,  Hanson's  command 
lay  in  line  of  battle  in  an  open  field.  Early  next  morning,  however, 
it  occupied  the  line  of  the  day  before — indeed,  one  of  the  regiments 
had  moved  up  an  hour  or  two  before  dawn,  the  rest  following  as  soon 
as  it  was  light. 

The  weather  had  now  set  in  windy,  cloudy  and  cold,  and  the  situa 
tion  of  the  men  was  trying  beyond  conception.  During  the  whole  of 
that  day  they  lay  quiet,  under  frequent  and  furious  shelling,  to  which 
they  could  reply  with  only  an  occasional  shot  from  the  battery.  It 
was  much  of  the  danger  without  any  of  the  excitement  of  battle. 
Fires  were  forbidden ;  and  so,  damp,  cold  and  in  much  anxiety  and 
suspense,  they  passed  the  time. 

Meanwhile,  McCook  had  fought  himself  into  position  on  the  ex 
treme  right  of  the  Federal  line.  Not  satisfied  with  merely  getting  up, 
he  pressed  heavily  upon  Folk's  left  flank,  just  before  night,  and  en 
deavored  to  take  one  of  his  batteries.  But  after  a  short  and  sanguinary 
conflict,  he  was  driven  back,  and  the  opposing  hosts  bivouacked  in 
order  of  battle,  so  close  to  each  other  that  the  Federal  bugle  and  drum 


174  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

calls  were  plainly  heard  by  the  Confederates — whom  the  Federal  bands 
also  taunted  by  playing  "  Dixie  "  for  a  long  time,  and  with  uncommon 
pathos,  and  following  this  with  two  airs  which  the  southerners  were 
trying  their  best  to  forget — ''Yankee  Doodle"  and  "Hail  Columbia." 

Temporary  earth-works  had  been  constructed  along  the  crest  of  the 
hill  of  which  we  have  been  speaking,  extending  from  the  left  of  Cobb's 
Battery  down  the  slope  to  the  right,  behind  which  lay  the  Kentucky 
Brigade ;  while  the  remainder  of  Breckinridge's  division  and  Jackson's 
cavalry  kept  their  places  as  originally  formed. 

Indications  were  now  plain  that  the  great  struggle  was  close  at  hand. 
For  five  days  the  Federal  army  had  been  advancing,  skirmishing  and 
reconnoitering,  and  Rosecrans  had  perfected  his  plan  of  battle.  It 
was  afterward  known,  (and  Bragg  seems  for  once  to  have  divined  the 
purposes  of  his  antagonist  and  to  have  frustrated  his  schemes  by  a 
timely  blow),  that  these  were  in  the  first  place,  to  throw  Crittenden 
upon  Breckinridge — who,  as  has  been  seen,  was  covering  Murfrees- 
boro'  with  his  right  in  constant  jeopardy  from  any  troops  who  might 
.advance  by  the  Lebanon  pike, — holding  Thomas  in  the  center, 
ready  to  support  him,  and  Negley's  division  in  reserve  to  Thomas,  to 
maintain  connection  between  the  right  and  left,  in  case  the  main  body 
of  the  Fourteenth  Corps  should  find  it  necessary  to  unite  with  Critten 
den  in  turning  and  breaking  the  Confederate  right.  In  the  next  place, 
.and  meanwhile,  McCook  was  to  hold  the  left  in  check,  if  possible, 
until  Crittenden,  or  he  and  Thomas  united,  had  performed  the  part 
allotted  to  that  wing — that  of  driving  the  Confederate  right  back  upon 
its  left.  This  would  have  turned  every  natural  advantage  against  the 
Confederates,  and,  with  Murfreesboro'  in  possession  of  the  Federals, 
the  entire  supplies  of  Bragg  within  their  grasp,  and  his  army  thrown 
for  the  most  part  into  a  quadrangle,  three  sides  formed  by  the  lines  of 
the  Federal  forces  and  Stone  River,  with  its  rugged  bluffs,  defeat 
would  have  been  almost  certain  destruction. 

The  dawn  of  the  fateful  day,  Wednesday,  December  31,  1862, 
was  ushered  in  with  a  deep  fog;  this  gave  way,  as  the  sun  came  up, 
to  clouds  less  dense ;  then  this  veil  of  nature  was  entirely  lifted,  the 
sun  shone  bright,  and  the  air  was  balmy,  till  the  contending  hosts  had 
rushed  to  the  shock,  and  the  smoke  and  stench  of  carnage  began  to 
rise  upon  the  erewhile  gentle  breeze.  A  little  after  sunrise  the  battle 
opened  in  earnest  on  the  left  of  the  Confederate  line,  (north  bank  of 
Stone  river),  and  raged  throughout  the  day,  with  occasional  lulls  in 
the  storm.  So  terrible  was  the  onset  of  the  Confederates  upon  Mc 
Cook — coming,  too,  at  a  time  when  he  had  been  lulled  into  a  false 
security  by  the  failure  of  Hardee  to  attack  at  daylight — that  the 
battle  assumed  an  unfavorable  aspect  to  the  Federal  army  within 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  175 

h.ilf  an  hour;  and  soon  the  right  was  hopelessly  broken,  and  the  right 
center  engaged  in  a  deadly  struggle — so  that  the  condition  of  affairs 
determined  that  Crittenden  should  not  attack  at  all.  This  relieved 
Ilreckinridge  from  the  present  hazard;  and,  weak  as  was  his  force,  in 
view  of  the  line  to  be  covered,  portions  of  the  division  were  transferred, 
from  time  to  time  during  the  day,  to  the  left,  to  meet  such  exigencies 
as  arose  in  the  course  of  the  battle. 

A  portion  of  the  Kentucky  Brigade  (the  Sixth  Regiment)  was  re 
moved,  in  the  beginning  of  the  engagement,  to  the  left  of  the  position 
hitherto  described,  and  stationed  immediately  on  the  south  bank  of  the 
river,  a  little  in  rear  of  a  right  line  with  the  rifle-pits  on  the  hill,  and 
slightly  in  advance  of  Folk's  right  flank.  The  plain  immediately  be 
yond — an  old  cotton  field,  skirted  by  a  dense  cedar  wood — was  in  full 
view  of  this  regiment,  while  to  the  troops  about  the  battery  the  posi 
tion  in  front  of  McCook  was  more  or  less  plainly  visible;  and  much  of 
the  dire  conflict  of  that  day  was  witnessed  by  this  command,  as  it  lay 
tnere,  watching  the  issue  of  the  struggle,  and  ready  to  contest  the 
p.issage  of  the  river,  should  the  Federal  arms  prove  victorious  on  the 
left  and  threaten  Breckinridge  from  that  quarter. 

But  the  grand  events  of  that  day  have  passed  into  history.  The  ex 
cellent  plan  of  battle  determined  upon  by  the  Federal  General,  by 
vhich  natural  obstacles  were  to  be  turned  into  advantages;  the  unac 
countable  false  security  of  McCook,  at  a  moment  when  vigilance  was 
nost  to  be  expected,  and  by  which  the  fine  divisions  of  Davis  and 
Johnson  were  quickly  driven  back,  with  frightful  slaughter,  while 
Sheridan  suffered  scarcely  less;  the  attack  of  Polk,  (supported  by 
troops  from  Breckinridge),  first  upon  Negley  and  Rousseau,  then  upon 
the  entire  Fourteenth  Corps;  the  obstinately  contested  field;  the  terri- 
tle  carnage ;  and  at  last  the  uncertainty  of  the  issue,  when  night  fell 
upon  the  scene, — these  things  have  constituted  the  themes  of  many 
pens,  and  we  need  not  attempt  to  treat  more  fully  of  them  here.  It  is 
of  one  of  the  minor  events  in  the  great  drama  of  the  week,  and  its  at 
tendant  circumstances,  that  we  have  principally  to  do — illustrating  in 
a  striking  manner  a  peculiar  phase  of  blindness  which  now,  for  the  sec 
ond  or  third  time  during  the  war,  lost  to  Bragg  the  opportunity  to 
strike  a  decisive  blow  for  the  cause  of  which  he  was  one  of  the  chosen 
leaders. 

Some  time  before  night  the  detached  regiment  of  Kentuckians  re 
turned  to  its  place  on  the  right  of  the  battery;  and,  with  the  exception 
of  a  few  artillery  shots  fired  from  an  eminence  on  the  right  of  the  burnt 
house,  Hanson  was  not,  nor  indeed  was  any  part  of  the  division,  sub 
jected  to  annoyance  during  the  evening. 

The  next  day,  (Thursday,  January  i,  1863),  was  spent  in  almost  pro- 


176  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

found  quiet,  the  monotony  being  relieved  only  by  the  sound  of  distant 
cavalry  fighting,  an  occasional  artillery  shot,  and  once  in  a  while 
desultory  firing  of  pickets.  The  Federals  had  been  re-formed  during 
the  night ;  but  their  movements  were  concealed  by  the  nature  of  the 
ground  and  by  forests — at  least  from  eyes  so  easily  dazzled  by  the 
prospect  of  victory  as  to  be  insensible  to  the  possibility  of  an  American 
general's  recovering  from  the  effects  of  a  disaster,  and  wresting  triumph 
from  defeat;  and  Bragg,  probably  deceived  by  the  withdrawal  of 
Hazen's  brigade  from  the  position  which  it  had  held  in  Crittenden's 
front  line,  and  being  under  the  impression  that  the  Union  army  was 
ruinously  cut  up  and  retreating,  telegraphed  to  Richmond  that  the 
enemy  had  yielded  his  strong  point  and  was  falling  back ;  that  the  Con 
federates  occupied  the  whole  field;  that,  in  short,  the  victory  was  his. 
But  the  suspense  among  the  troops  was  dreadful.  Knowing  less  than 
Bragg  pretended  to  know,  but  suspecting  more,  they  felt  that  the  issue 
of  the  battle  was  not  yet  determined ;  and  they  waited  anxiously  for 
further  developments.  It  became  plain,  early  in  the  day,  that,  though 
repulsed  on  the  left,  the  Federal  army,  or  at  least  a  large  portion  of  it, 
was  in  the  Confederate  right  front;  and  though  a  thousand  rumors 
were  afloat,  to  the  effect  that  the  show  of  organized  strength  was  but 
for  the  purpose  of  enabling  the  main  body  of  the  army  to  draw  off  in 
safety,  none  of  them  gained  credence  to  any  considerable  extent;  for 
the  dilatoriness  and  want  of  decisive  action  on  the  part  of  the  com 
manding  general  argued  doubt  and  perplexity  rather  than  the  con 
sciousness  of  victory. 

This  gloomy  New  Year's  day  went  by  with  the  Confederate  troops 
thus  inactive ;  and  even  before  its  noon  the  golden  opportunity  that 
comes  so  seldom  to  the  leaders  of  armies  had  passed  away  from  Gen. 
Bragg,  and  the  mark  of  waning  fortune  was  again  upon  the  cause 
which  he  represented.  The  dispositions  of  the  troops  of  Rosecrans 
were  completed — the  snare  was  laid;  and  as  the  Federal  army  had 
nothing  to  lose  but  everything  to  gain  by  waiting,  it  waited — but  mean 
while  it  worked.  The  Confederate  army  waited,  and — hoped.  About 
nightfall  it  was  reported  that  some  Federal  artillery  had  been  put  in 
battery  on  a  bluff,  a  little  to  the  right  of  Breckinridge's  center ;  and 
an  order  came  from  Bragg  that  Hanson  must  move  up  and  take  it. 
This,  as  was  known  to  officers  of  the  division,  would  necessitate  the 
crossing  of  the  river,  and  the  ascent  of  the  bluff  beyond,  against  what 
odds  it  was  impossible  to  tell ;  and  that,  too,  in  the  gloom  of  night — 
all  upon  insufficient  knowledge  of  the  exact  topography  of  the  position 
to  be  assaulted  by  this  handful  of  men.  Some  explanations  were 
vouchsafed  to  the  commanding  general,  and  the  order  was  counter 
manded.  There  were  perhaps  at  that  moment  fifty-eight  pieces  of 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  177 

ordnance  in  position  along  that  bluff,  with  heavy  supporting  columns ; 
and  Van  Cleve's  division  was  then  south  of  the  river  and  between 
Hanson  and  the  point  to  be  stormed.  Grose's  brigade,  of  Palmer's 
division,  had  been  sent  over  in  the  morning  to  support  Van  Cleve, 
(or  rather,  Col.  Beatty,  who  was  commanding  in  Van  Cleve's  absence); 
but  Grose  was  withdrawn  before  sundown,  to  bivouac  in  the  forest 
beyond — and  this  was  probably  magnified  by  the  scouts  and  spies  into 
the  statement  that  the  whole  advance  force  had  been  withdrawn,  thus 
inducing  Bragg  to  order  a  forward  movement. 

The  next  morning,  Friday,  was  dull,  cold,  cloudy,  and  as  peculiarly 
dreary  as  the  day  before  had  been.  Not  a  shot  was  to  be  heard  along 
the  extended  space  which  had  marked  the  lines  of  the  contending 
armies  two  days  before,  and  which,  in  part,  they  still  occupied.  There 
were  few  signs  of  animation  in  the  Confederate  ranks,  and  none  that 
could  be  discovered  among  the  Federals.  Pickets  and  skirmishers 
were  relieved  in  a  measured  and  deliberate  way,  as  though  it  were  but 
the  form  that  must  be  kept  up  in  the  presence  of  an  enemy, — there 
bi  ing  nothing  to  indicate  to  the  rank  and  file  that  upon  the  vigilance 
of  the  moment  depended  the  safety  of  the  troops  and  perhaps  the 
fate  of  a  cause. 

In  the  Orphan  Brigade — as  perhaps  in  all  the  rest — the  morning 
rr  eal  was  leisurely  dispatched,  and  the  men  relapsed  into  that  half- 
stupid  and  half-restless  state  that  is  observed  to  pervade  a  body  of 
troops  under  arms  but  without  active  employment.  Some  lay  upon 
their  blankets  and  gazed  vacantly  upon  the  scene ;  others  sat  in  groups 
and  talked  in  a  dull  and  listless  manner. 

The  more  unquiet  wandered  from  company  to  company — as  far  as 
was  consistent  with  the  orders  of  the  day;  and  all  seemed  oppressed 
by  the  sense  of  dreariness  and  uncertainty,  and  that  partial  freedom 
from  the  perils  of  impending  battle  which  does  not  entirely  remove 
from  the  thoughts  the  anticipations  of  the  dreadful  ordeal,  but  is  still 
sutticient  to  allow  of  ennui. 

Before  noon  it  began  to  drizzle  rain,  and  fitful  showers — cold  and 
benumbing — imparted  increased  gloom  and  discomfort.  But  about 
i  o'clock  came  signs  of  a  general  waking  up.  There  were  shots  at 
intervals  along  the  line  of  pickets,  and  officers  were  riding  out  for 
reannoissance.  It  was  reported  before  2  o'clock  that  Beatty's  picket 
lint  had  been  pushed  up  to  a  certain  old  house,  near  a  fence,  forward 
and  somewhat  to  the  right  of  the  battery  to  which  we  have  before 
alluded.  The  skirmishers  of  the  brigade  were  relieved  by  detail  at  2 
o'clock.  The  special  detail  of  the  Sixth  Regiment  of  Kentucky  Infantry 
was  put  under  command  of  Capt.  Gran  Utterback,  who  had  orders  to 
force  his  way  up  to  the  house  in  question,  and  burn  it.  He  moved  off 


178  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

promptly ;  the  old  skirmishers  were  relieved ;  and  he  found  the  Fed 
eral  advance  already  up  to  the  fence,  just  in  rear  of  the  house,  and 
also  to  the  right  of  it,  in  his  front.  A  detail  from  the  Twenty-first 
Kentucky  Regiment,  infantry,  United  States  Army,  were  throwing 
the  fence  down,  preparatory  to  a  forward  movement,  or  to  prevent  the 
Confederates  from  sheltering  behind  it.  The  captain  began  at  once 
a  vigorous  attack,  pushed  back  the  enemy's  line,  and  set  fire  to  the 
building;  but  in  the  course  of  the  action  he  was  mortally  wounded. 
Meanwhile  an  order  had  come  to  Gen.  Breckinridge  directing,  in  sub 
stance,  that  he  must  promptly  move  upon  the  position  occupied  by 
Beatty,  plant  his  artillery  upon  that  hill,  and  hold  it.  Grose  had  come 
back  now,  it  must  be  borne  in  mind,  and,  with  a  strong  brigade,  was 
posted  on  and  about  Beatty's  left  flank — for  what  purpose,  and  to 
what  effect,  in  this  attempt  of  the  Confederate  general  to  recover  by 
one  desperate  venture,  the  advantages  lost  by  delay,  will  be  adverted 
to  hereafter. 

Such  was  the  train  of  events  which  had  their  emphatic  denouement 
in  the  charge  of  Breckinridge's  division  on  Friday  afternoon  of  that 
terrible  week  in  front  of  Murfreesboro.' 

This  officer  had  now  about  forty-five  hundred  men,  infantry  and 
artillery,  exclusive  of  Pegram's  cavalry,  which  was  ordered  to  cooperate 
with  the  movement,  and  of  one  infantry  regiment  and  Cobb's  Bat 
tery  which  were  left  to  hold  Hanson's  old  position  against  the  possi 
bility  of  being  taken  by  troops  that  might  approach  by  turning  or 
avoiding  the  left  flank  of  the  assailing  force,  or  the  right  of  those  corps 
now  held  in  observation  north  of  the  river. 

The  main  body  of  cavalry  which  had  been  ordered  to  join  in  the  at 
tack  failed  to  come  up  in  time ;  but  the  order  to  Gen.  Breckinridge 
was  of  such  a  nature  that  he  did  not  deem  himself  allowed  that  dis 
cretionary  power  which  would  justify  delay;  and  he  made  his  disposi 
tions  at  once.  The  infantry,  two  batteries  of  the  artillery,  and  the 
cavalry  present,  were  put  under  arms,  and  the  order  to  march  was 
given. 

The  point  to  be  assailed  lay  obliquely  to  the  right  of  Hanson,  and 
his  regiments  were  turned  and  advanced  by  the  right  flank  across  an 
open  field,  into  some  woodland,  probably  half  a  mile  from  the  original 
position.  Here  the  main  body  of  the  division  had  come  up,  and  the 
whole  was  halted  and  aligned.  Hanson  occupied  the  extreme  left, 
and  his  left  was  designed  to  touch  upon  the  river  bluff  at  the  point  of 
attack.  When  the  alignment  was  made,  this  brigade  stood  in  an  open 
space — a  bit  of  depressed  fallow  land  in  an  angle  of  a  field.  Inter 
vening  between  it  and  the  enemy  was  an  uncleared  space,  covered,  for 
the  most  part,  with  sassafras  and  other  brushwood,  and  with  briars, 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  179 

and  a  little  ahead  was  another  open  plat  of  ground,  descending  from 
the  bushes,  for  some  distance,  then  ascending  to  the  line  upon  which 
the  enemy  lay.  The  general  character  of  the  ground  along  the  whole 
division  was  undulating  and  broken  by  thickets,  forest  trees  and 
i  tatches  of  briars. 

The  formation  was  but  fairly  completed  when  Hanson  rode  up, 
1  saving  just  left  Gen.  Breckinridge,  and,  accosting  the  colonel  of  the 
Sixth  Kentucky,  (which  was  to  move  in  front  of  the  extreme  left), 
^ave  the  order  of  advance  to  this  regiment  in  person,  in  full  hearing 
cf  the  soldiers,  who  stood  grimly  waiting,  at  an  order  arms,  for  the 
next  act  in  the  drama.  "Colonel,"  he  said,  "the  order  is  to  load, 
fix  bayonets  and  march  through  this  brushwood.  Then  charge  at 
double-quick  to  within  a  hundred  yards  of  the  enemy,  deliver  fire,  and 
go  at  him  with  the  bayonet."  "  Attention  !  "  rang  out  the  voice  of  the 
officer  addressed — a  man  whom  such  an  hour  served  always  to  prove 
iar  greater  in  every  respect  than  in  his  ordinary  seeming — "  attention  !  " 
r.nd  pulses  beat  quick  and  the  men  nerved  themselves  for  the  struggle, 
knowing  that  the  decisive  moment  had  comer  Then  came  the  load 
ing, — that  act  in  a  soldier's  life  fraught  with  so  terrible  a  significance — 
then  the  order  to  carry  arms  and  march,  and  they  stepped  off  in  line 
of  battle.  With  low,  cautionary  commands,  as  the  officers  exerted 
themselves  to  preserve  formation,  the  brushwood  was  passed,  the  line 
was  dressed,  the  pieces  were  brought  to  a  "charge  bayonet,"  and 
then  the  order  was  heard  along  the  line,  caught  up  and  repeated  by 
fold,  staff  and  company  officers,  "Forward!  Double-quick!  March!" 
and  they  dashed  down  the  declivity.  An  obstacle,  in  the  shape  of  a 
pond  of  water  of  unknown  depth,  threatened  to  check  the  progress  of 
the  left;  but,  by  a  quick  command  to  avoid  it  by  one  of  those  dexter 
ous  movements  known  to  military  men,  and  which  was  handsomely 
executed,  they  cleared  the  pond,  closed  ranks  on  the  opposite  side, 
sprang  forward  up  the  hill  a  few  paces,  and  delivered  fire.  Then, 
with  a  loud  shout,  they  rushed  at  the  Federal  advance.  The  latter  re 
plied  with  a  volley,  having  held  their  fire  for  close  work;  and  as  the 
assailants  became  partially  broken  by  the  fence  to  which  we  have  re 
ferred,  and  which  they  struck  obliquely,  there  was  a  momentary  de 
lay,  which  the  Federals  on  that  part  of  the  line  improved  by  reload 
ing  and  firing  again  upon  the  advancing  columns.  The  first  volley  of 
the  Confederates,  however,  had  been  deadly,  and  the  onset  was  so 
fierce,  that  the  front  line  now  broke  and  retreated  on  the  second,  by 
which  time  the  pursuers  were  bearing  down  upon  them  in  full  career, 
and  could  not  then  be  checked.  But  at  this  point  some  Federal  ar 
tillery  began  a  cautious  but  well-directed  and  steady  fire  upon  the  ad 
vancing  columns,  avoiding  their  own  troops,  and  yet  doing  execution 


180  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

among  the  Confederates ;  and,  among  others,  Gen.  Hanson  fell  mor 
tally  wounded.  But  heedless  alike  of  those  who  were  falling  now, 
and  of  the  sure  destruction  awaiting  them  at  the  front,  tl\ey  rushed 
on — firing  as  fast  as  they  could  load,  and  cheered  amid  the  carnage 
and  the  din  by  the  thought  that  perhaps  now,  even  now,  they  were 
dealing  the  finishing  blow  to  what  had  been  begun  on  Wednesday, 
and  that  the  disastrous  effects  of  Perryville  and  the  retreat  from  Ken 
tucky  were  about  to  be  retrieved.  The  left  wing  of  the  Kentucky 
Brigade,  striking  the  river  first,  as  it  ran  obliquely  and  made  a  turn, 
so  that,  some  hundreds  of  yards  ahead,  it  came  around  almost  di 
rectly  in  front,  dashed  into  the  stream,  and  reached  the  opposite  bank, 
where  some  of  them  were  captured,  some  killed  and  others  escaped 
by  striking  abruptly  off  to  the  left  and  returning  up  the  river  when 
they  found  into  what  kind  of  toils  they  had  been  led. 

In  the  madness  of  pursuit  all  order  and  discipline  were  forgotten. 
In  one  instance  a  reserve  regiment  having  full  view  of  the  manner  in 
which  the  attack  was  made,  became  almost  ungovernable  through  ex 
citement,  and  begged  to  join  in  the  fray,  which,  from  some  mistaken 
notion  of  duty  or  misapprehension  of  orders,  was  allowed,  and  they 
came  tearing  down  the  slope  by  the  river  and  intermingled  with  the 
front  line.  This  proved  in  the  end  to  be  a  most  unfortunate  circum 
stance.  The  turn  of  the  river  had  the  natural  effect  of  crowding  the 
ranks  back  towards  the  right  and  mingling  them;  and  so,  with  the 
reserve  troops  that  were  thus  thrown  untimely  forward,  there  was,  in 
a  few  minutes,  a  mass  of  men  huddled  together  upon  this  flank  wholly 
disproportioned  to  the  strength  of  the  entire  force. 

As  the  bluff  beyond  the  stream  began  to  be  plainly  visible,  the  Con 
federates  were  met  by  a  well-directed  oblique  fire  from  the  Eighty- 
fourth  Illinois  and  Sixth  Ohio  regiments,  of  Grose's  brigade,  which 
had  been  stationed  by  that  officer  farthest  in  the  rear,  or,  rather,  so  as 
to  have  formed  the  left  of  his  line  had  the  attack  come  from  the  quar 
ter  where  it  was  most  expected — the  extreme  right  of  the  Confederate 
position.  As  soon,  too,  as  the  retiring  Federals  had  well  cleared  the 
front,  the  Third  Wisconsin  Battery,  also  put  in  position  by  Grose  near 
the  regiments  last  named,  opened  furiously.  As  Beatty's  Division  was 
disappearing  over  the  hill  beyond,  and  the  main  body  of  the  Confed 
erates  were  on  the  point  of  dashing  wildly  into  the  river,  the  very  earth 
trembled  as  with  an  exploded  mine,  and  a  mass  of  iron  hail  was  hurled 
upon  them.  The  concentrated  fire  of  more  than  sixty  pieces  of 
ordnance — including  the  Third  Wisconsin  Battery — was  dealing  death 
and  destruction  among  them.  Negley's  Division  had  come  up  solidly 
to  the  front,  along  the  line  of  the  Federal  batteries,  and  was  pouring 
steady  volleys  into  the  disorganized  and  struggling  mass.  The  rushing 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  181 

host  had  been  checked  in  mid  career,  and  now  staggered  back.  The 
artillery  bellowed  forth  such  thunders  that  the  men  were  stunned  and 
^•ould  not  distinguish  sounds.  "  There  were  falling  timbers,  crashing 
.irms,  the  whirring  of  missiles  of  every  description,  the  bursting  of  the 
dreadful  shell,  the  groans  of  the  wounded,  the  shouts  of  the  officers, 
mingled  in  one  horrid  din  that  beggars  description.  In  fact,  no  gen 
eral  description  can  convey  to  the  reader  an  idea  of  the  terrible  reality. 
ft  is  only  the  minute  details  of  personal  experience,  through  which 
single  small  bodies  of  troops  pass,  or  in  isolated  facts,  as  the  reader 
bears  in  mind  that  these,  or  something  similar,  were  experienced  by 
thousands  of  others,  can  he  be  impressed  with  the  nature  of  the  con- 
ilict  that  raged  there,  and  the  manner  in  which  men  inured  to  arms 
conduct  themselves  in  the  midst  of  such  horrors. 

At  a  point  near  where  such  of  Hanson's  left  wing  as  had  not  crossed 
the  river  were  brought  to  a  stand,  there  stood  two  great  oaks,  close  to 
each  other,  and  behind  these  a  few  men  naturally  sought  shelter;  but 
:hey  had  scarcely  done  so  when  bullets  were  cutting  the  bark  from 
them  at  every  cardinal  point  of  the  compass.  The  assailants,  having 
]  messed  to  the  right,  in  following  the  course  of  the  river,  instead  of 
taking  it  squarely  as  they  came  up,  had  now  passed  so  far  forward  as  to 
be  abreast  of  where  one  of  Crittenden's  right  regiments  had  a  number 
of  sharpshooters  concealed  in  some  old  houses  on  the  opposite  bank, 
and  these  gave  them  a  raking  fire  of  small  arms ;  so  that,  front  and 
llank,  the  air  was  literally  burdened  with  flying  projectiles. 

It  seemed  impossible  for  a  man  to  live  a  minute  in  such  a  horrid 
hail  of  shot  and  shell;  but  there  they  stood,  plying  their  rifles  eagerly, 
while  so  dire  was  the  confusion,  so  thunderous  was  the  cannonade, 
that  the  long  line  of  Federal  rifles  on  the  bluff,  as  they  poured  forth 
their  volleys,  could  not  be  heard,  nor  could  the  whistle  of  their  bullets, 
so  close  were  the  Confederates  to  the  on-coming  enemy.  They  knew 
of  the  flying  missiles  only  as  they  struck  into  trees  and  men,  or  tore 
up  the  ground  around  them.  There  was  a  composure  there  as  the 
composure  of  despair.  Men  put  on  their  ordinary  seeming  after  the 
first  stagger — it  was  the  sober  state  succeeding  the  intoxication  of  the 
pursuit  so  suddenly  checked.  The  wounded  who  were  not  wholly 
stricken  down  spoke  calmly  of  their  hurts  and  walked  composedly  away. 
The  survivors  looked  upon  the  dead,  and  spoke  to  one  another  of  their 
fall.  It  was,  for  a  few  moments,  one  of  those  appalling  storms  in 
which  humanity  sometimes  finds  itself  without  the  hope  of  escape; 
against  which  it  has  no  visible  protection ;  and  yet,  in  which  men 
nevertheless  move  and  speak  and  from  which  many  are  finally  saved. 
It  is  one  of  the  unaccountable  things  of  war  how  so  many  live  and  so 


182  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

few  fall  under  some  of  the  most  desperate  circumstances  in  which  sol 
diers  can  be  placed. 

To  endeavor  to  press  forward  now  was  folly,  to  remain  was  madness, 
and  the  order  was  given  to  retreat.  Some  rushed  back  precipitately, 
while  others  walked  away  with  deliberation,  and  some  even  slowly  and 
doggedly,  as  though  they  scorned  the  danger  or  had  become  indif 
ferent  to  life.  But  they  paid  toll  at  every  step  back  over  that  ground 
which  they  had  just  passed  with  the  shout  of  victors.  In  addition  to 
the  execution  done  by  the  main  body  of  the  Federals,  who  had  now 
become  pursuers,  they  were  terribly  galled  by  Grose,  who,  in  the  main, 
had  held  his  ground,  and  was  pouring  a  destructive  enfilade  fire  into 
the  shattered  column. 

Near  the  line  where  Beatty's  division  received  the  charge,  the  Con 
federates  rallied  and  re-formed;  but  the  Federals  were  in  too  close 
pursuit,  and  the  new  formation  was  too  weak  to  offer  any  effectual  re 
sistance,  so  it  presently  broke,  leaving  a  part  of  the  batteries  for  want 
of  horses  to  carry  them  from  the  field.  Cannoniers  and  animals  had 
been  almost  entirely  destroyed  by  the  Federal  artillery,  whose  fire 
they  had  attracted  early  in  the  action ;  and  retreat  was  so  suddenly 
necessitated  as  to  preclude  the  possibility  of  their  being  replaced  in 
time  to  move  the  guns. 

When  the  Confederate  troops  had  reached  the  line  of  rifle  pits  from 
which  they  had  first  started,  and  which  were  still  held,  in  part,  by 
Cobb's  battery  and  the  Ninth  Kentucky  Infantry,  they  rallied  again 
and  the  pursuit  ceased — the  Federals  following  but  little  beyond  the 
original  line  of  Beatty. 

It  was  now  near  nightfall  and  the  evening  was  so  cloudy  that  dark 
ness  soon  came  on — precluding  the  practicability  of  further  active 
operations.  The  actual  combat  had  lasted  less  than  an  hour.  Gen. 
Breckinridge  gave  the  whole  time  of  the  action  as  having  been  eighty 
minutes.  It  was  stated  by  a  participant  that  the  time  from  the  giving 
of  the  command  "  Charge  bayonets"  till  the  Confederates  had  been 
driven  back  to  that  line  was  forty-two  minutes.  But,  in  proportion  to 
the  number  of  combatants  among  whom  the  shock  first  occurred,  the 
slaughter  had  been  terrible.  The  Confederate  loss  was  almost  unparal 
leled  in  the  annals  of  war ;  while  that  of  the  Federals,  as  shown  by 
their  reports,  was  more  than  ordinarily  heavy,  considering  the  time 
that  they  were  exposed  to  fire.  But  if  the  advance  Federal  division 
suffered  in  the  onset,  it  was  fearfully  avenged  at  the  last;  for,  in  the 
short  space  of  time  mentioned,  and  chiefly  during  the  last  fifteen  min 
utes,  Breckinridge's  loss,  as  stated  by  himself,  was  seventeen  hundred 
men — more  than  thirty-seven  per  cent. 

The  Federal  loss   would  doubtless  have  been  far  greater  had  it  not 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  183 

been  for  the  excellent  disposition  of  Grose's  men,  which  was  so  posted 
as  to  protect  Beatty's  left  flank  in  case  of  a  heavy  assault  there ;  to  re 
inforce  his  whole  line  conveniently,  could  he  have  withstood  the  first 
shock ;  or,  in  case  of  a  repulse,  to  cover  the  retreat  and  check  pur- 
suit.  After  a  temporary  confusion,  and  the  sudden  flight  of  Beatty's 
division,  as  the  Confederate  right  partially  covered  and  bore  down  upon 
this  brigade,  it  poured  in  a  destructive  and  well-maintained  fire,  which 
had  the  effect  of  pressing  the  Confederate  right  wing  back  towards  the 
center,  — much  the  same  as  was  produced  by  the  turn  in  the  river  on 
the  left  and  causing  an  attempt  to  push  obliquely  past  him  after  the 
retiring  division. 

When  the  Kentucky  Brigade  had  formed  on  the  original  ground, 
near  Cobb's  Battery,  a  hasty  roll-call  followed,  and  it  was  afterward 
ascertained  that  nearly  every  unhurt  man  of  that  renowned  command 
was  present  to  answer — a  remarkable  and  noteworthy  fact,  that  even 
veteran  troops  should  be  so  little  affected  by  such  a  terrible  reverse. 

"  Here/'  says  an  officer,  ."  we  were  joined  by  Gen.  Breckinridge, 
\vho  had  come  around  from  the  right  front,  where  he  had  gone  to  di 
rect  in  person  some  movement  near  the  old  mill  on  that  flank.  I 
never,  at  any  time,  saw  him  more  visibly  moved.  He  was  raging  like 
:i  wounded  lion,  as  he  passed  the  different  commands  from  right  to  left; 
but  tears  broke  from  his  eyes  when  he  beheld  the  little  remnant  of  his 
;>wn  old  brigade — his  personal  friends  and  fellow-countrymen  ;  and  a 
sorrowful  exclamation  escaped  his  lips,  to  find,  as  he  said,  his  '  poor 
( )rphan  Brigade  torn  to  pieces.' ' 

Bragg  at  once  made  his  dispositions  to  retire  with  as  little  loss  of 
men,  munitions,  and  subsistence  as  possible ;  and  Saturday  night  the 
evacuation  began.  Breckinridge's  division  remained  upon  the  old  line 
until  the  preparations  were  completed  and  the  remainder  of  the  in 
fantry  had  begun  the  march  southward.  When  the  movement  of  this 
division  began,  the  Kentucky  Brigade  was  selected  as  a  special  rear 
guard  of  infantry,  and  did  not  abandon  the  line  until  daylight  Sunday 
morning.  Thus  terminated  the  great  battle  of  Stone  River. 

The  official  reports  of  Gen.  Breckinridge  and  Col.  Trabue  are  ap 
pended.  The  first  gives,  with  sufficient  minuteness,  the  operations  of 
the  whole  division,  of  which  the  Kentucky  Brigade  formed  so  import 
ant  a  part,  and  makes  mention  of  gallant  Kentuckians  who  were  serv 
ing  on  his  staff,  and  were  otherwise  directly  under  his  orders  and 
his  observation.  That  of  Col.  Trabue  is  a  concise  history  of  the 
Brigade  during  the  week. 


184  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

HEADQUARTERS  BRECKINRIDGE'S  DIVISION,  ) 
January,    1863.          j 

Maj.    T.   B.   Roy,  Assistant  Adjutant-General — 

SIR  :  I  have  the  honor  to  report  the  operations  of  this  division,  of 
Lieut. -Gen.  Hardee's  corps,  in  the  recent  battles  of  Stone  River,  in 
front  of  Murfreesboro'. 

The  character  and  course  of  Stone  River,  and  the  nature  of  the 
ground  in  front  of  the  two,  are  well  known;  and  as  the  report  of  the 
general  commanding  will,  no  doubt,  be  accompanied  by  a  sketch,  it 
is  not  necessary  to  describe  them  here. 

On  the  morning  of  Sunday,  the  28th  of  December,  the  brigades 
moved  from  their  encampments  and  took  up  lines  of  battle  about  one 
and  a  half  miles  from  Murfreesboro'  in  the  following  order :  Adams' 
brigade  on  the  right,  with  its  right  resting  on  the  Lebanon  road,  and 
its  left  extending  toward  the  ford  over  Stone  River,  a  short  distance 
below  the  destroyed  bridge,  on  the  Nashville  turnpike;  Preston  on 
the  left  of  Adams,  Palmer  on  the  left  of  Preston,  and  Hanson  form 
ing  the  left  of  the  line,  with  his  left  resting  on  the  right  bank  of 
the  river,  near  the  ford.  The  right  of  Maj. -Gen.  Withers,  of  Lieut. - 
Gen.  Folk's  corps,  rested  near  the  left  bank  of  the  river  and  slightly 
in  advance  of  Hanson's  left. 

Brig. -Gen.  Jackson,  having  reported  to  me  with  his  command,  was 
placed,  by  the  direction  of  the  lieutenant-general  commanding,  upon 
the  east  side  of  the  Lebanon  road,  on  commanding  ground,  a  little  in 
advance  of  the  right  of  Brig. -Gen.  Adams.  My  division  formed  the 
front  line  of  the  right  wing  of  the  army;  Maj. -Gen.  Cleburne's  divis 
ion,  drawn  up  some  six  hundred  yards  in  rear,  formed  the  second 
line  of  the  same  wing;  while  the  division  of  Maj. -Gen.  McCown, 
under  the  immediate  direction  of  the  general  commanding,  composed 
the  reserve. 

My  line  extended  from  left  to  right,  along  the  edge  of  a  forest,  save 
an  open  space  of  four  hundred  yards,  which  was  occupied  by  Wright's 
Battery,  of  Preston's  brigade,  with  the  Twentieth  Tennessee  in  reserve 
to  support  it.  An  open  field,  eight  hundred  yards  in  width,  extended 
along  nearly  the  whole  front  of  the  line,  and  was  bounded  on  the 
opposite  side  by  a  line  of  forest  similar  to  that  occupied  by  us.  In  the 
opinion  of  the  lieutenant-general  commanding,  who  had  twice  ridden 
carefully  over  the  ground  with  me,  and  the  general  commanding,  who 
had  personally  inspected  the  lines,  it  was  the  strongest  position  the 
nature  of  the  ground  would  allow.  About  six  hundred  yards  in  front 
of  Hanson's  center  was  an  eminence,  which  it  was  deemed  important 
to  hold.  It  commanded  the  ground  sloping  toward  the  river,  in  its 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  185 

front  and  on  its  left,  and  also  the  plain  on  the  west  bank,  occupied  by 
the  right  of  Withers'  line.  Col.  Hunt,  with  the  Forty-first  Alabama, 
the  Sixth  and  Ninth  Kentucky,  and  Cobb's  Battery,  all  of  Hanson's 
brigade,  was  ordered  to  take  and  hold  this  hill,  which  he  did,  re 
pulsing  several  brisk  attacks  of  the  enemy,  and  losing  some  excellent 
officers  and  men.  A  few  hundred  yards  to  the  left  and  rear  of  this 
position,  a  small  earth-work,  thrown  up  under  the  direction  of  Maj. 
Graves,  my  chief  of  artillery,  was  held  during  a  part  of  the  operations 
by  Semple's  Battery  of  Napoleon  guns. 

In  the  afternoon  of  Tuesday,  the  soth,  I  received  intelligence  from 
Lieut.-Gen.  Hardee,  that  the  divisions  of  Cleburne  and  McCown  were 
to  be  transferred  to  the  extreme  left,  and  soon  after  an  order  came  to 
me,  from  the  general  commanding,  to  hold  the  hill  at  all  hazards.  I 
immediately  moved  the  remainder  of  Hanson's  brigade  to  the  hill,  and 
•strengthened  Cobb's  Battery  with  a  section  from  Lumsden's  Battery 
and  a  section  from  Slocum's  Washington  Artillery.  At  the  same  time, 
Adams'  brigade  was  moved  from  the  right,  and  formed  on  the  ground 
originally  occupied  by  Hanson's  brigade.  Jackson  was  moved  to  the 
vest  side  of  the  Lebanon  road,  to  connect  with  the  general  line  of 
;battle. 

All  the  ground  east  of  Stone  River  was  now  to  be  held  by  one  divis 
ion,  which,  in  a  single  line,  did  not  extend  from  the  ford  to  the  Leb 
anon  road.  I  did  not  change  my  general  line,  since  a  position  in 
advance,  besides  being  less  favorable  in  other  respects,  would  have 
widened  considerably  the  interval  between  my  right  and  the  Lebanon 
road.  The  enemy  did  not  again  attack  the  hill  with  infantry,  but  our 
troops  there  continued  to  suffer,  during  all  the  operations,  from  heavy 
shelling.  Our  artillery  at  that  position  often  did  good  service,  in 
diverting  the  enemy's  fire  from  our  attacking  lines  of  infantry ;  and 
especially  on  Wednesday,  the  3ist,  succeeded  in  breaking  several  of 
their  formations  on  the  west  bank  of  the  river. 

On  the  morning  of  Wednesday,  the  3ist,  the  battle  opened  on  our 
left.  From  my  front,  information  came  to  me  from  Pegram's  cavalry 
force,  in  advance,  that  the  enemy,  having  crossed  at  the  fords  below, 
were  moving  on  my  position  in  line  of  battle.  This  proved  to  be  in 
correct  :  and  it  is  to  be  regretted  that  sufficient  care  was  not  taken  by 
the  authors  of  the  report  to  discriminate  rumor  from  fact. 

About  half-past  ten  o'clock  A.  M.,  I  received,  through  Col.  J.  Stod- 
dard  Johnston,  a  suggestion  from  the  general  commanding,  to  move 
against  the  enemy  instead  of  awaiting  his  attack.  (I  find  that  Col. 
Johnston  regarded  it  as  an  order,  but  as  I  moved  at  once,  it  is  not 
material.)  I  prepared  to  fight  on  the  ground  I  then  occupied,  but  sup 
posing  that  the  object  of  the  general  was  to  create  a  diversion  in  favor 


186  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

of  our  left,  my  line,  except  Hanson's  brigade,  was  put  in  motion  in 
the  direction  from  which  the  enemy  was  supposed  to  be  advancing. 
We  had  marched  about  half  a  mile,  when  I  received,  through  Col. 
Johnston,  an  order  from  the  general  commanding,  to  send  at  least  one 
brigade  to  the  support  of  Lieut. -Gen.  Polk,  who  was  hard  pressed, 
and,  as  I  recollect,  two,  if  I  could  spare  them.  I  immediately  sent 
Adams  and  Jackson,  and  at  the  same  suspended  my  movement,  and 
sent  forward  Capt.  Blackburn  with  several  of  my  escort,  to  Capt. 
Coleman  and  Lieut.  Darragh,  of  my  staff,  with  orders  to  find  and  re 
port,  with  certainty,  the  position  and  movements  of  the  enemy.  Soon 
after  an  order  came  from  the  general  commanding  to  continue  the 
movement.  The  line  again  advanced,  but  had  not  proceeded  far  when 
I  received  an  order  from  the  general  commanding,  through  Col.  John 
ston,  repeated  by  Col.  Grenfell,  to  leave  Hanson  in  position  on  the 
hill,  and  with  the  remainder  of  my  command  to  report  at  once  to 
Lieut-Gen.  Polk.  The  brigades  of  Preston  and  Palmer  were  immedi 
ately  moved  by  the  flank,  toward  the  ford  before  referred  to,  and  the 
order  of  the  general  executed  with  great  rapidity.  In  the  meantime, 
riding  forward  to  the  position  occupied  by  the  general  commanding 
and  Lieut.-Gen.  Polk,  near  the  west  bank  of  the  river  and  a  little 
below  the  ford,  I  arrived  in  time  to  see,  at  a  distance,  the  brigades  of 
Jackson  and  Adams  recoiling  from  a  very  hot  fire  of  the  enemy.  I 
was  directed  by  Lieut.-Gen.  Polk  o  form  my  line,  with  its  right  rest 
ing  on  the  river  and  its  left  extending  across  the  open  field,  crossing 
the  Nashville  turnpike  almost  at  a  right  angle.  While  my  troops  were 
crossing  the  river  and  getting  into  line,  I  rode  forward  with  a  portion 
of  my  staff,  assisted  by  gentlemen  of  the  staffs  of  Generals  Bragg  and 
Polk,  to  rally  and  form  Adams'  brigade,  which  was  falling  back  chiefly 
between  the  turnpike  and  the  river.  Jackson,  much  cut  up,  had  re 
tired  farther  toward  our  left.  The  brigade  of  Brig. -Gen.  Adams  was- 
rallied  and  placed  in  the  line  across  the  field,  behind  a  low  and  very 
imperfect  breastwork  of  earth  and  rails.  These  brigades  did  not  again 
enter  the  action  that  day,  (which  indeed  closed  soon  after  with  the 
charge  of  Preston  and  Palmer.)  They  had  suffered  severely  in  an 
attack  upon  superior  numbers,  very  strongly  posted,  and  sustained  by 
numerous  and  powerful  batteries  which  had  repulsed  all  preceding 
assaults.  The  list  of  casualties  shows  the  courage  and  determination 
of  these  troops. 

Gen.  Adams,  having  received  a  wound  while  gallantly  leading  his 
brigade,  the  command  devolved  upon  Col.  R.  L.  Gibson,  who  dis 
charged  its  duties  throughout  with  courage  and  skill. 

Preston  and  Palmer  being  now  in  line,  Preston  on  the  right,  Lieut.- 
Gen.  Polk  directed  me  to  advance  across  the  plain  until  I  encountered 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  187 

the  enemy.  The  right  of  my  line  rested  on  the  river  (and  from  the 
course  of  the  stream  would,  in  advancing,  rest  on  or  very  near  it), 
while  the  left  touched  a  skirt  of  woods  from  which  the  enemy  had  been 
driven  during  the  day.  At  the  opposite  extremity  of  the  plain  a  cedar 
brake  entended  in  front  of  Palmer's  whole  line,  and  two-thirds  of  Pres 
ton's  line,  the  remaining  space  to  the  river  being1  comparatively  open, 
with  commanding  swells,  and  through  this  ran  the  railroad  and  turn 
pike  nearly  side  by  side.  It  was  supposed  that  the  enemy's  line  was 
parallel  to  ours,  but  the  result  showed  that,  in  advancing,  our  right 
and  his  left,  at  the  point  of  contact,  would  form  an  acute  angle. 

These  two  brigades,  passing  over  the  troops  lying  behind  the  rails, 
moved  across  the  plain  in  very  fine  order,  under  the  fire  of  the  enemy's 
artillery.  We  had  advanced  but  a  short  distance  when  Col.  O'Hara 
(my  acting  adjutant-general)  called  my  attention  to  a  new  battery  in 
the  act  of  taking  position  in  front  of  our  right,  between  the  turnpike 
and  the  river.  I  immediately  sent  him  back  to  find  some  artillery  to 
engage  the  enemy's  battery.  He  found  and  placed  in  position  the 
Washington  Artillery.  About  the  same  time,  Capt.  E.  P.  Byrne  re 
ported  his  battery  to  me,  and  received  an  order  to  take  the  best  posi 
tion  he  could  find,  and  engage  the  enemy.  He  succeeded  in  opening 
on  them  after  our  line  had  passed  forward. 

A  number  of  officers  and  men  were  killed  along  the  whole  line,  but 
in  this  charge  the  chief  loss  fell  upon  Preston's  right  and  center.  His 
casualties  amounted  to  one  hundred  and  fifty-five.  The  Twentieth 
Tennessee,  after  driving  the  enemy  on  the  right  of  the  turnpike  and 
taking  twenty-five  prisoners,  was  compelled  to  fall  back  before  a  very 
heavy  artillery  and  musketry  fire — Col.  Smith  commanding,  being 
severely  wounded — but  it  kept  the  prisoners,  and  soon  rejoined  the 
command.  The  Fourth  Florida  and  Sixtieth  North  Carolina  encoun 
tered  serious  difficulty  at  a  burnt  house  (Cowan's)  on  the  left  of  the 
turnpike,  from  fences  and  other  obstacles,  and  were  for  a  little  while 
thrown  into  some  confusion.  Here,  for  several  minutes,  they  were 
exposed  to  a  destructive  and  partially  enfilading  fire  at  short  range  of 
artillery  and  infantry.  But  they  were  soon  rallied  by  their  gallant 
brigade  commander,  and,  rushing  with  cheers  across  the  intervening 
space,  entered  the  cedar  glade.  The  enemy  had  retired  from  the 
cedars,  and  was  in  position  in  a  field  to  the  front  and  right. 

By  changing  the  front  of  the  command  slightly  forward  to  the  right, 
my  line  was  brought  parallel  to  that  of  the  enemy,  and  was  formed 
near  the  edge  of  the  cedars.  About  this  time,  meeting  Lieut. -Gen. 
Hardee,  we  went  together  to  the  edge  of  the  field  to  examine  the  posi 
tion  of  the  enemy,  and  found  him  strongly  posted  in  two  lines  of  bat 
tle,  supported  by  numerous  batteries.  One  of  his  lines  had  the  pro- 


188  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

tection  of  the  railroad  cut,  forming  an  excellent  breastwork.  We  had 
no  artillery,  the  nature  of  the  ground  forbidding  its  use. 

It  was  deemed  reckless  to  attack  with  the  force  present.  Night  was 
now  approaching.  Presently  the  remainder  of  Lieut. -Gen.  Hardee's 
•Corps  came  up  on  the  left,  and  with  McCown's  command  and  a  part 
of  Cheatham's  prolonged  the  line  of  battle  in  that  direction.  Adams' 
Brigade  also  appeared  and  formed  on  the  right  of  Preston.  The  troops 
t>ivouacked  in  position. 

The  commanding  general,  expecting  an  attack  upon  his  right  the 
next  morning,  ordered  me  during  the  night  to  recross  the  river  with 
Palmer's  Brigade.  Before  daylight,  Thursday  morning,  Palmer  was 
in  position  on  the  right  of  Hanson.  No  general  engagement  occurred 
on  this  day,  the  troops  generally  being  employed  in  replenishing  the 
ammunition,  cooking  rations,  and  obtaining  some  repose. 

On  Friday,  the  2d  of  January,  being  desirous  to  ascertain  if  the 
enemy  was  establishing  himself  on  the  east  bank  of  the  river,  Lieut. - 
Col.  Buckner  and  Maj.  Graves,  with  Capt.  Byrne's  Battery  and  a  por 
tion  of  the  Washington  Artillery,  under  Lieut.  D.  C.  Vaught,  went  for 
ward  to  our  line  of  skirmishers  toward  the  right,  and  engaged  those  of 
the  enemy  who  had  advanced,  perhaps  a  thousand  yards,  from  the 
east  bank  of  the  river.  They  soon  revealed  a  strong  line  of  skirmish 
ers,  which  was  driven  back  a  considerable  distance  by  our  sharp 
shooters  and  artillery,  the  latter  firing  several  houses  in  the  fields,  in 
which  the  enemy  had  taken  shelter.  At  the  same  time,  accompanied 
by  Maj.  Pickett,  of  Lieut. -Gen.  Hardee's  staff,  and  by  Maj.  Wilson, 
Col.  O'Hara,  and  Lieut.  Breckinridge  of  my  own,  I  proceeded  to 
ward  the  left  of  our  line  of  skirmishers,  which  passed  through  a  thick 
wood,  about  five  hundred  yards  in  front  of  Hanson's  position,  and  ex 
tended  to  the  river.  Directing  Capt.  Bosche,  of  the  Ninth,  and  Capt. 
Steele,  of  the  Fourth  Kentucky,  to  drive  back  the  enemy's  skirmishers, 
we  were  enabled  to  see  that  he  was  occupying,  with  infantry  and  ar 
tillery,  the  crest  of  a  gentle  slope  on  the  east  bank  of  the  river.  The 
course  of  the  crest  formed  a  little  less  than  a  right  angle  with  Hanson's 
line,  from  which  the  center  of  the  position  I  was  afterward  ordered  to 
attack  was  distant  about  sixteen  hundred  yards.  It  extended  along 
ground  part  open  and  part  woodland. 

While  we  were  endeavoring  to  ascertain  the  force  of  the  enemy, 
and  the  relation  of  the  ground  on  the  east  bank  to  that  on  the  west 
bank  of  the  river,  I  received  an  order  from  the  commanding  general 
to  report  to  him  in  person.  I  found  him  on  the  west  bank,  near  the 
ford  below  the  bridge,  and  received  from  him  an  order  to  form  my  di 
vision  in  two  lines,  and  take  the  crest  I  have  just  described  with  the  in 
fantry.  After  doing  this,  I  was  to  bring  up  the  artillery  and  establish 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  189 

it  on  the  crest,  so  as  at  once  to  hold  it  and  enfilade  the  enemy's  lines 
on  the  other  side  of  the  river.  Pegram  and  Wharton,  who,  with  some 
cavalry  and  a  battery,  were  beyond  the  point  where  my  right  would 
rest,  when  the  new  line  of  battle  should  be  formed,  were  directed,  as 
the  general  informed  me,  to  protect  my  right,  and  cooperate  in  the  at 
tack.  Capt.  Robertson  was  ordered  to  report  to  me  with  his  own  and 
Semple's  batteries  of  Napoleon  guns.  Capt.  Wright,  who,  with  his 
battery,  had  been  detached  some  days  before,  was  ordered  to  join  his 
brigade  (Preston's).  The  brigades  of  Adams  and  Preston,  which  were 
left  on  the  west  side  of  the  river  Wednesday  night,  had  been  ordered 
to  rejoin  me.  At  the  moment  of  my  advance,  our  artillery  in  the  cen 
ter  and  on  the  left  was  to  open  on  the  enemy.  One  gun  from  our 
center  was  the  signal  for  the  attack.  The  commanding  general  de 
sired  that  the  movement  should  be  made  with  the  least  possible  delay. 

It  was  now  2:30  p.  M.  Two  of  the  brigades  had  to  march  about  two 
miles,  the  other  about  one  mile. 

Brig.-Gen.  Pillow  having  reported  for  duty,  was  assigned  by  the 
commanding  general  to  Palmer's  brigade,  and  that  fine  officer  re 
sumed  command  of  his  regiment,  and  was  three  times  wounded  in  the 
ensuing  engagement.  The  Ninth  Kentucky  and  Cobb's  Battery,  un 
der  the  command  of  Col.  Hunt,  were  left  to  hold  the  hill  so  often  re 
ferred  to. 

The  division,  after  deducting  the  losses  of  Wednesday,  the  troops 
left  on  the  hill,  and  companies  on  special  service,  consisted  of  some 
forty-five  hundred  men.  It  was  drawn  up  in  two  lines — the  first  in  a 
narrow  skirt  of  woods,  the  second  two  hundred  yards  in  rear.  Pillow 
and  Hanson  formed  the  first  line;  Pillow  on  the  right,  Preston  sup 
ported  Pillow;  and  Adams'  brigade  (commaded  by  Col.  Gibson),  sup 
ported  Hanson.  The  artillery  was  placed  in  rear  of  the  second  line, 
under  orders  to  move  with  it  and  occupy  the  summit  of  the  slope  as 
soon  as  the  infantry  should  rout  the  enemy.  Feeling  anxious  about  my 
right,  I  sent  two  staff  officers  in  succession  to  communicate  with  Pegram 
and  Wharton,  but  received  no  intelligence  up  to  the  moment  of  assault. 
The  interval  between  my  left  and  the  troops  on  the  hill  was  already  too 
great,  but  I  had  a  battery  to  watch  it,  with  a  small  infantry  support. 
There  was  nothing  to  prevent  the  enemy  from  observing  nearly  all  our 
movements  and  preparations.  To  reach  him  it  was  necessary  to  cross 
an  open  space  six  or  seven  hundred  yards  in  width,  with  a  gentle 
ascent.  The  river  was  several  hundred  yards  in  rear  of  his  position, 
but  departed  from  it  considerably  as  it  flowed  toward  his  left.  I  had 
informed  the  commanding  general  that  we  would  be  ready  to  advance 
at  4  o'clock,  and  precisely  at  that  hour  the  signal  gun  was  heard  from 
our  center.  Instantly  the  troops  moved  forward  at  a  quick  step,  and 


190  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

in  admirable  order.  The  front  line  had  bayonets  fixed,  with  orders  to 
deliver  one  volley  and  then  use  the  bayonet. 

The  fire  of  the  enemy's  artillery  on  both  sides  of  the  river  began 
as  soon  as  the  troops  entered  the  open  ground.  When  less  than 
half  the  distance  across  the  field,  the  quick  eye  of  Col.  O'Hara 
discovered  a  force  extending  considerably  beyond  our  right.  I  imme 
diately  directing  Maj.  Graves  to  move  a  battery  to  our  right  and  open 
on  them.  He  at  once  advanced  Wright's  Battery,  and  effectually 
checked  their  movements.  Before  our  line  reached  the  enemy's  po 
sition,  his  artillery  fire  had  become  heavy,  accurate  and  destructive. 
Many  officers  and  men  fell  before  we  closed  with  their  infantry,  yet 
our  brave  fellows  rushed  forward  with  the  utmost  determination;  and 
after  a  brief,  but  bloody  conflict,  routed  both  the  opposing  lines,  took 
four  hundred  prisoners,  several  flags,  and  drove  their  artillery  and  the 
great  body  of  their  infantry  across  the  river.  Many  were  killed  at  the 
water's  edge.  Their  artillery  took  time  by  the  forelock  in  crossing  the 
stream.  A  few  of  our  men,  in  their  ardor,  actually  crossed  over  be 
fore  they  could  be  prevented,  most  of  whom,  subsequently  moving  up 
under  the  west  bank,  recrossed  at  a  ford  three-quarters  of  a  mile  above. 

The  second  line  had  halted  when  the  first  engaged  the  enemy's  in 
fantry,  and  laid  down  under  orders ;  but  very  soon  the  casualties  in 
the  first  line,  the  fact  that  the  artillery  on  the  opposite  bank  was  more 
fatal  to  the  second  line  than  the  first,  and  the  eagerness  of  the  troops 
impelled  them  forward,  and  at  the  decisive  moment  when  the  oppos 
ing  infantry  was  routed,  the  two  lines  had  mingled  into  one,  the  only 
practical  inconvenience  of  which  was  that  at  several  points  the  ranks 
were  deeper  than  is  allowed  by  a  proper  military  formation. 

A  strong  force  of  the  enemy  beyond  our  extreme  right  yet  remained 
on  the  east  side  of  the  river.  Presently  a  new  line  of  battle  appeared 
on  the  west  bank  directly  opposite  our  troops,  and  opened  fire,  while 
at  the  same  time  large  masses  crossed  in  front  of  our  right,  and  ad. 
vanced  to  the  attack.  We  were  compelled  to  fall  back.  As  soon  as 
our  infantry  had  won  the  ridge,  Maj.  Graves  advanced  the  artillery  of 
the  division  and  opened  fire  ;  at  the  same  Capt.  Robertson  threw  for 
ward  Semple's  Battery  toward  our  right,  which  did  excellent  service. 
He  did  not  advance  his  own  battery  (which  was  to  have  taken  posi 
tion  on  the  left),  supposing  that  that  part  of  the  field  had  not  been 
cleared  of  the  enemy's  infantry.  Although  mistaken  in  this,  since 
the  enemy  had  been  driven  across  the  river,  yet  I  regard  it  as  fortunate 
that  the  battery  was  not  brought  forward.  It  would  have  been  a  vain 
contest. 

It  now  appeared  that  the  ground  we  had  won  was  commanded  by 
the  enemy's  batteries,  within  easy  range,  on  better  ground  upon  the 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  191 

other  side  of  the  river.  I  know  not  how  many  guns  he  had.  He 
had  enough  to  sweep  the  whole  position  from  the  front,  the  left,  and 
the  right,  and  to  render  it  wholly  untenable  by  our  force  present  of  ar 
tillery  and  infantry.  The  infantry,  after  passing  the  crest  and  descend 
ing  the  slope  toward  the  river,  were  in  some  measure  protected,  and 
suffered  less  at  this  period  of  the  action  than  the  artillery.  We  lost 
three  guns,  nearly  all  the  horses  being  killed,  and  not  having  the  time 
or  men  to  draw  them  off  by  hand.  One  was  lost  because  there  was 
but  one  boy  left  (private  Wright,  of  Wright's  Battery)  to  limber  the 
piece,  and  his  strength  was  unequal  to  it. 

The  command  fell  back  in  some  disorder,  but  without  the  slightest 
appearance  of  panic,  and  reformed  behind  Robertson's  Battery,  in  the 
narrow  skirt  of  timber  from  which  we  emerged  to  the  assault.  The 
enemy  did  not  advance  beyond  the  position  in  which  he  received  our 
attack.  My  skirmishers  continued  to  occupy  a  part  of  the  field  over 
which  we  advanced  until  the  army  retired  from  Murfreesboro'.  The 
action  lasted  about  one  hour  and  twenty  minutes.  As  our  lines  ad 
vanced  to  the  attack,  several  rounds  of  artillery  were  heard  from  our 
center,  apparently  directed  against  the  enemy  on  the  west  bank  of  the 
river. 

About  twilight  Brig. -Gen.  Anderson  reported  to  me  with  his  bri 
gade,  and  remained  in  position  with  me  until  the  army  retired.  I 
took  up  line  of  battle  for  the  night  a  little  in  rear  of  the  field  over 
which  we  advanced  to  the  assault,  and  Capt.  Robertson,  at  my  request, 
disposed  the  artillery  in  the  positions  indicated  for  it.  Many  of  the 
reports  do  not  discriminate  between  the  losses  of  Wednesday  and  Fri 
day.  The  total  loss  in  my  division,  exclusive  of  Jackson's  command, 
is  two  thousand  one  hundred  and  forty,  of  which  I  think  one  thousand 
seven  hundred  occurred  on  Friday.  The  loss  of  the  enemy  on  this  day 
was,  I  think,  greater  than  our  own,  since  he  suffered  immense  slaugh 
ter  between  the  ridge  and  the  river. 

I  can  not  forbear  to  express  my  admiration  for  the  courage  and  con 
stancy  of  the  troops,  exhibited  even  after  it  became  apparent  that  the 
main  object  could  not  be  accomplished.  Beyond  the  general  good 
conduct,  a  number  of  enlisted  men  displayed,  at  different  periods  of 
the  action,  the  most  heroic  bravery.  I  respectfully  suggest  that  au 
thority  be  given  to  select  a  certain  number  of  the  most  distinguished 
in  each  brigade,  to  be  recommended  to  the  President  for  promotion. 

I  can  not  enumerate  all  the  brave  officers  who  fell,  nor  the  living, 
who  nobly  did  their  duty.  Yet  I  may  be  permitted  to  lament,  in  com 
mon  with  the  army,  the  premature  death  of  Brig. -Gen.  Hanson,  who 
received  a  mortal  wound  at  the  moment  the  enemy  began  to  give  way. 
Endeared  to  his  friends  by  his  private  virtues,  and  to  his  command  by 


192  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

the  vigilance  with  which  he  guarded  its  interest  and  honor,  he  was,  by 
the  universal  testimony  of  his  military  associates,  one  of  the  finest 
officers  that  adorned  the  service  of  the  Confederate  States.  Upon  his 
fall  the  command  devolved  on  Col.  Trabue,  who,  in  another  organiza 
tion,  had  long  and  ably  commanded  most  of  the  regiments  composing 
the  brigade. 

I  can  not  close  without  expressing  my  obligations  to  the  gentlemen 
of  my  staff.  This  is  no  formal  acknowledgment.  I  can  never  forget 
that  during  all  the  operations  they  were  ever  prompt  and  cheerful,  by 
night  and  day,  in  conveying  orders,  conducting  to  their  positions  regi 
ments  and  brigades,  rallying  troops  on  the  field,  and,  indeed,  in  the 
discharge  of  every  duty.  It  gives  me  pleasure  to  name  Lieut. -Col. 
Buckner,  assistant  adjutant-general,  who  was  absent  on  leave,  but  re 
turned  upon  the  first  rumor  of  battle;  Col.  O'Hara,  acting  adjutant- 
general;  Lieut.  Breckinridge,  aide-de-camp;  Maj.  Graves,  chief  of 
artillery,  twice  wounded  and  his  horse  shot  under  him ;  Maj.  Wilson, 
assistant  inspector-general,  horse  shot;  Capt.  Semple,  ordnance  officer; 
Lieut.  Darragh,  severely  wounded.  Captains  Mastin  and  Coleman, 
of  my  volunteer  staff,  were  active  and  efficient.  The  former  had  his 
horse  killed  under  him. 

Doctors  Heustis  and  Pendleton,  chief  surgeon  and  medical  inspector, 
were  unremitting  in  attention  to  the  wounded.  Dr.  Stanhope  Breck 
inridge,  assistant  surgeon,  accompanied  my  headquarters,  and  pursued 
his  duties  through  the  fire  of  Wednesday.  Mr.  Buckner  and  Mr. 
Zantzinger,  of  Kentucky,  attached  themselves  to  me  for  the  occasion, 
and  were  active  and  zealous.  Capt.  Blackburn,  commanding  my 
escort,  ever  cool  and  vigilant,  rendered  essential  service,  and  made 
several  bold  reconnoissances.  Charles  Choutard,  of  the  escort,  acting 
as  my  orderly  on  Wednesday,  displayed  much  gallantry  and  intelli 
gence. 

The  army  retired  before  daybreak  on  the  morning  of  the  4th  of  Janu 
ary.  My  division,  moving  on  the  Manchester  road,  was  the  rear  of 
Hardee's  Corps.  The  Ninth  Kentucky,  Forty-first  Alabama,  and 
Cobb's  Battery,  all  under  the  command  of  Col.  Hunt,  formed  a  special 
rear-guard.  The  enemy  did  not  follow  us. 

My  acknowledgments  are  due  to  Col.  J.  Stoddard  Johnston,  Lieut. - 
Col.  Brent,  and  Lieut. -Col.  Garner,  of  Gen.  Bragg's  staff,  and  to  Maj. 
Pickett,  of  Lieut. -Gen.  Hardee's  staff,  for  services  on  Friday,  the  2d 
of  January. 

Respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

JOHN  C.  BRECKINRIDGE, 

Maj  or- General,  C.  S.  A~ 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  193 

HEADQUARTERS  KENTUCKY  BRIGADE, 

TULLAHOMA,  Jan.  15,  1863. 

Col.  T.  OHara,  A.  A.  G.— 

SIR  :  The  untimely  fall  of  the  gallant  and  lamented  Hanson,  briga 
dier-general  commanding  this  brigade,  in  the  engagement  on  Friday, 
the  2d  instant,  at  Stone  River,  imposes  on  me  the  duty  of  reporting,  to 
the  extent  of  my  knowledge,  the  operations  of  the  brigade  prior  to  and 
after  his  fall,  in  the  battle  before  that  place. 

On  Sunday,  the  brigade  having  received  orders  to  that  effect,  marched 
from  their  camp  in  rear  of  Murfreesboro',  at  eight  o'clock  A.  M.,  to  the 
position  in  the  front  line  of  battle  indicated  for  our  occupation.  This 
brigade  formed  the  left  of  Gen.  Breckinridge's  Division,  and  in  line 
rested  with  its  left  on  or  near  Stone  River,  extending  eastward  until 
the  right  was  united  to  Col.  Palmer's  Brigade.  The  position  first 
taken  up  (the  exact  line  not  having  been  pointed  out)  was  along  the 
skirt  of  woods  in  rear  of  the  open  fields,  east  and  south  of  Stone  River, 
which  afforded,  by  the  existence  of  a  small  ridge  running  parallel  with 
the  front,  and  a  consequent  depression  in  rear,  very  good  protection; 
against  the  enemy's  long-range  artillery. 

On  Monday,  Semple's  Battery  of  six  Napoleon  guns,  furnished  by 
the  chief  of  artillery,  was  placed  on  the  crest  immediately  in  front  of  the 
right  wing,  and  Cobb's  Battery  was  held  to  be  placed  later.  Thus 
formed  in  line,  the  Fourth  Kentucky  was  on  the  right ;  Second  Ken 
tucky,  Maj.  Hewitt,  second;  Forty-first  Alabama,  Col.  Talbird,  third; 
Sixth  Kentucky,  Col.  Lewis,  fourth;  and  Ninth  Kentucky  on  the  left, 
Col.  Hunt. 

On  Monday  evening  it  was  perceived  that  the  enemy  meant  to  occupy 
immediately  all  the  advantageous  positions  in  our  front,  of  which  he 
could  possess  himself,  for  artillery.  A  prominent  elevation  existed  one 
thousand  yards  in  front  of  our  left,  which  Gen.  Breckinridge  desired 
we  should  hold,  notwithstanding  it  was  liable  to  assault,  being  isolated 
one  thousand  yards  in  front  of  our  lines.  To  this  end,  Col.  Hunt,  with 
the  Ninth  Kentucky;  Col.  Lewis,  Sixth  Kentucky;  Lieut.-Col.  Stan- 
sil,  Forty-first  Alabama,  and  Cobb's  Battery,  were  ordered  to  occupy 
it.  Throwing  out  skirmishers,  they  were  soon  engaged  with  those  of 
the  enemy.  The  force  above  named  was  then  moved  up  to  the  front, 
in  support  of  the  skirmishers,  and  succeeded  in  establishing  Cobb's 
Battery  on  the  eminence.  This  was  not  accomplished  without  the  loss 
of  two  valuable  officers,  Lieutenants  Beale  and  Kennard,  of  Co.  D, 
Ninth  Kentucky — the  former  severely,  the  latter  slightly  wounded. 
By  this  time  it  was  dark,  when  the  enemy  endeavored,  in  a  spirited 
effort,  to  retake  the  position,  rapidly  driving  in  our  skirmishers,  and 
approaching  to  within  a  few  yards  of  the  battery.  This  attempt  was. 

13 


194  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

frustrated  by  promptly  advancing  the  Forty-first  Alabama,  under  Lieut. 
Col.  Stansil,  when  the  enemy  were  driven  off  in  confusion,  leaving  two 
of  their  dead  near  the  battery.  Our  loss  here  amounted  to  not  less 
than  ten  wounded,  falling  mainly  on  the  Sixth  Kentucky  and  Cobb's 
Battery,  among  whom  was  Lieut.  Holman,  Sixth  Kentucky. 

On  Tuesday  night  these  regiments  were  withdrawn,  and  I,  with  the 
Second  and  Fourth  Kentucky,  and  Cobb's  Battery,  occupied  this  posi 
tion.  It  was  deemed  of  the  last  importance  to  hold  this  hill,  and 
orders  were  received  to  do  so  at  all  hazards,  it  being  called  the  key  of 
the  battlefield. 

On  Wednesday  evening  the  entire  brigade  was  brought  up,  having 
been  reenforced  by  a  section  of  Lumsden's  Battery,  commanded  by 
Lieut.  Chalaron,  and  a  section  of  the  Washington  Artillery,  commanded 
by  Lieut.  Tarrant;  and  Semple's  Battery,  having  taken  up  a  position 
six  hundred  yards  in  rear  and  left  of  us,  a  section  of  this  battery  re 
placed,  for  one  night,  Cobb's  Battery. 

During  the  week  which  followed,  we  were  kept  here  bivouacking  in 
the  mud  and  rain,  and  exposed  to  an  incessant  fire  from  the  enemy's 
batteries  and  sharpshooters.  A  temporary  and  slight  intrenchment 
was  made,  which,  to  some  extent,  protected  the  batteries,  but  the 
casualties  at  this  place  were  not  inconsiderable,  amounting  to  fifty 
men,  as  stated  above,  and  as  will  appear  by  reference  to  regimental 
reports. 

During  the  engagement  of  Wednesday  time  and  again  did  the  gal 
lant  Cobb,  aided  by  his  not  less  gallant  lieutenants,  and  the  three 
sections  before  referred  to,  disperse  the  enemy's  columns  as  they  en 
deavored  to  succor  that  part  of  their  force  engaged  with  the  right  of 
the  left  wing  of  the  army.  Indeed,  during  every  day  of  our  occupa 
tion  of  this  hill,  our  battery  did  signal  service,  frequently  driving  the 
enemy's  artillery  away,  and  often  dispersing  his  infantry.  All  this 
while  the  brigade  covered  more  than  a  mile  of  front,  with  skirmishers 
and  pickets,  using  for  that  purpose  from  six  to  ten  companies  daily. 
These  advanced  to  within  one  hundred  yards  of  the  enemy,  in  many 
places,  and  were  hourly  engaged.  On  this  hill  Cobb's  Battery  lost 
eight  men.  Col.  Hunt,  Ninth  Kentucky,  lost  a  most  excellent  offi 
cer  killed — his  adjutant,  Henry  M.  Curd — whose  death  all  lament; 
and  wounded,  Capt.  Joe  Desha,  whose  subsequent  conduct  elicited 
universal  praise,  together  with  Lieut.  Lewis,  Co.  A,  and  Buchanan, 
Co.  H,  wounded,  and  three  other  officers  and  twenty-three  privates. 
Col.  Lewis,  Sixth  Kentucky,  lost  slightly  here.  Lieut-Col.  Stansil, 
Forty-first  Alabama,  lost  here  two  of  his  best  officers  and  several  men. 
The  Second  and  Fourth  Kentucky,  though  equally  exposed,  lost  less 
at  this  point. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  195 

On  Friday,  the  2<i  instant,  at  three  o'clock,  the  order  came  to  move 
to  the  right  and  front,  and  form  the  left  of  the  front  line  of  Breckin- 
ridge's  Division,  to  attack  that  portion  of  the  enemy's  left  which  was 
posted  in  the  woods  and  ravines  on  the  south  side  of  Stone  River,  op 
posite  the  extreme  right  of  our  army,  which  was  done.  Col.  Hunt, 
with  his  regiment,  remained  at  the  hill,  ordered  to  support  the  battery, 
and  six  companies  were  kept  out  as  before,  on  picket  duty,  thus  leav 
ing  us  for  the  fight  about  twelve  hundred  men.  Stone  River,  in  front 
of  this  new  position,  runs  nearly  parallel  with  the  new  line,  but  inclined 
to  the  point  occupied  by  the  right  of  this  brigade,  when  by  a  change  of 
direction  to  the  north,  it  runs  for  some  distance  nearly  perpendicularly 
from  the  front  of  our  line.  At  this  point,  whence  the  river  changes  its 
direction  northward,  is  a  skirt  of  woods  and  an  elevated  ridge,  behind 
which,  and  in  the  ravines  and  woods,  the  enemy  lay  concealed.  To 
the  right  of  our  line  the  enemy  were  likewise  posted  in  a  wood,  thus 
outflanking  us.  A  thousand  yards  in  the  front  from  this  first  skirt  of 
woods  is  a  ford  of  the  river,  while  the  bank  of  the  river  opposite  us, 
between  the  ford  and  point  of  attack,  overlooks  the  south  and  east 
bank.  One  mile  further  down  the  river  is  another  ford,  as  I  have 
since  learned.  This  topography,  as  well  as  the  enemy's  strength,  were 
wholly  unknown  to  us.  The  two  lines  of  the  division  having  been 
formed,  the  signal  for  attack  was  sounded  at  four  p.  M.,  when  the 
brigade,  in  line,  moved  steadily  forward  to  the  attack,  with  arms  loaded 
and  bayonets  fixed,  instructed  to  fire  once  and  then  charge  with  the 
bayonet.  The  peculiar  nature  of  the  ground  and  direction  of  the  river, 
and  the  eagerness  of  the  troops,  caused  the  lines  of  Pillow's  (formerly 
Palmer's)  brigade  and  this  brigade  to  lap  on  the  crest  of  the  hill,  but 
the  fury  of  the  charge  and  the  effective  fire  of  the  lines,  put  the  enemy 
at  once  to  flight.  All  in  front  of  us  that  were  not  killed  or  captured  ran 
across  the  river  at  the  ford,  and  out  of  range  of  our  fire,  as  did  a  bat 
tery  which  had  been  posted  off  to  our  right;  and  many  of  the  infantry 
mentioned  before  as  being  on  the  right  likewise  fled  across  this  ford. 
A  part,  however,  of  this  force,  double-quicking  toward  the  ford,  from 
their  position,  finding  they  would  be  cut  off,  formed  in  line  to  our 
right  on  a  ridge,  and  not  being  assailed,  held  this  ground  meanwhile ; 
and  from  the  moment  of  beginning  the  attack  the  enemy's  artillery 
from  the  opposite  side  of  the  river  directed  on  us  a  most  destructive 
fire.  Very  soon,  too,  the  crests  of  the  opposite  side  of  the  river 
swarmed  with  infantry,  whose  fire  was  terrible.  Thus  exposed  to  the 
fire  seemingly  of  all  his  artillery,  and  a  large  portion  of  his  infantry, 
from  unassailable  positions,  as  well  as  to  the  flanking  fire  from  the 
right,  it  was  deemed  prudent  to  withdraw.  This  was  done  slowly, 
though  not  in  the  best  order,  resulting  mainly  from  the  confusion  con- 


196  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

sequent  upon  the  too  early  advance  of  the  second  line  into  ground 
already  too  much  crowded  by  the  first.  The  lines  were  reformed 
about  six  hundred  yards  in  rear  of  the  river,  and  near  the  line  from 
which  we  advanced  to  the  attack. 

While  thus  engaged  in  reforming  my  own  regiment,  I  received  in 
telligence  of  the  fall  of  Gen.  Hanson,  when  I  took  command  of  the 
brigade,  the  other  regiments  of  which  had  likewise  been  reformed. 
This  brigade  in  the  battle  having  advanced  to  within  eighty  yards  of 
the  ford,  part  of  Col.  Lewis'  Sixth  Kentucky,  and  part  of  the  Second 
Kentucky,  having  crossed  the  river  a  little  to  the  left,  when  near  the 
ford,  slightly  protected  by  a  picket  fence  on  this  side,  they  fought  the 
enemy  across  the  river,  until  the  rear  having  fallen  back,  made  it  nec 
essary  to  withdraw  them  also.  I  obtained  returns  on  the  field,  show 
ing  still  in  line  more  than  half  the  men  with  which  we  started,  not 
withstanding  a  loss  of  thirty-three  per  cent,  killed  and  wounded.  I  re 
mained  in  line  until  9  o'clock,  having  replenished  the  cartridge-boxes, 
when  I  received  orders  to  return  to  my  original  position  on  the  hill, 
which  was  obeyed.  We  remained  in  this  position  until  Sunday  morn 
ing  at  i  o'clock,  when,  having  been  assigned  the  duty  of  bringing  up 
the  rear,  we  moved  off  with  Col.  Hunt's  Ninth  Kentucky,  Forty-first 
Alabama,  Lieut. -Col.  Stansil,  and  Cobb's  Battery,  being  detailed  as 
special  rear-guard.  My  pickets  were  withdrawn  at  3  o'clock  A.  M., 
ty  Capt.  Bosche,  of  the  Ninth  Kentucky,  under  direction  of  Capt. 
Martin,  of  Gen.  Breckinridge's  staff. 

I  have  thus  briefly  given  you  a  report  of  the  part  taken  by  this 
brigade,  omitting  many  details  and  incidents  creditable  to  individuals 
and  the  command. 

In  the  absence  of  a  report  from  my  own  regiment,  Fourth  Ken 
tucky,  prior  to  the  time  when  I  took  command  of  the  brigade,  I  will 
state  simply  that  both  officers  and  men  did  their  duty.  Willis  Roberts, 
major,  was  killed  early  in  the  action,  by  a  grape-shot.  Than  he, 
there  was  not  a  more  gallant  officer;  he  had  not  recovered  from 
wounds  received  at  Baton  Rouge.  Lieut. -Col.  Nuckols  was  wounded 
in  shoulder  near  the  picket  fence ;  Capt.  Bramlett,  First  Lieut.  Burn 
ley,  Second  Lieut.  Higginson,  Second  Lieut.  Clayton  and  Second 
Lieut.  Dunn  were  killed;  and  Lieutenants  Dudley,  Robert  Moore 
(since  said  to  have  died),  John  B.  Moore,  Lashbrook,  and  Thomson 
were  wounded,  together  with  privates  and  non-commissioned  officers. 
One  company,  Capt.  Trice's,  being  on  picket  duty,  was  not  in  the  en 
gagement.  The  color-bearer,  Robert  Lindsay,  being  wounded,  re 
fused  to  allow  any  one  to  accompany  him  to  the  rear,  although  bleeding 
at  the  mouth  and  nose.  He  handed  the  colors,  on  return,  to  private 
Jones,  who  was  killed,  when  they  were  borne  to  the  last  by  Joseph 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  197 

Nichols,  of  Company  F.  Thus  it  will  be  seen  that  of  twenty-three 
officers  of  this  regiment  who  went  into  the  fight,  seven  were  killed  and 
six  wounded.  The  command  of  the  regiment  was,  on  my  assuming 
command  of  the  brigade,  turned  over  to  Capt.  Tho.  W.  Thompson. 

The  detailed  statement  heretofore  furnished  show  the  casualties  to 
have  been  as  follows  : 

KILLED.  WOUNDED.  MISSING. 

Second  Kentucky 14  70  24 

Fourth  Kentucky 12  47  n 

Sixth    Kentucky 2  60  14 

Ninth  Kentucky I  28 

Forty-first  Alabama 18  89  35 

Cobb's  Battery 3  3 

Total 50  297  84 

Total  loss,  431. 

The  conduct  of  Col.  Lewis,  Sixth  Kentucky,  and  Lieut.-Col. 
Stansil,  Forty-first  Alabama;  Maj.  James  Hewitt,  Second  Kentucky; 
Lieut.-Col.  Nuckols  and  Capt.  Thompson,  of  Fourth  Kentucky,  as 
well  as  that  of  the  other  field  and  company  officers  engaged,  was  gal 
lant  in  the  highest  degree,  and  the  men  repeated,  also,  the  steadiness 
and  courage  which  characterized  them  at  Donelson,  Shiloh,  Baton 
Rouge,  Vicksburg,  and  Hartsville.  Lieutenants  Stake,  Benedict  and 
Capt.  Chipley,  of  Gen.  Hanson's  staff,  bore  themselves  with  exemplary 
courage.  My  thanks  are  due,  too,  to  the  medical  staff,  and  to  Capt. 
Semple,  division  ordnance  officer,  and  acting  Lieut.  Presley  Trabue, 
brigade  ordnance  officer,  for  their  promptness  in  bringing  up  supplies 
of  ammunition ;  and  to  my  adjutant,  Robert  Williams,  of  Fourth  Ken 
tucky. 

I  can  not  close  this  report  without  more  especial  mention  of  one 
whose  gallantry  and  capacity  we  all  witnessed  with  pride,  and  whose 
loss  we  and  the  whole  army  sincerely  deplore — I  mean  the  gallant  Gen. 
Hanson,  who  fell  in  the  pride  of  his  manhood,  in  the  thickest  of  the 
fight,  nobly  doing  his  duty.  His  wound  was  mortal,  and  death  en 
sued  on  Sunday  morning  at  5  o'clock. 

Col.  Hunt,  Ninth  Kentucky,  though  not  in  the  engagement  of 
Friday,  deserves  commendation  for  his  conduct,  prior  and  subsequent 
to  that  time,  as  do  the  other  officers  and  men  of  his  regiment. 

Respectfully, 

R.   P.  TRABUE, 
Colonel  Commanding  Brigade. 

P.  S.  The  missing  were  those  who  went  into  the  engagement  but 
who  were  not  seen  to  come  out,  and  must  have  been  killed  or 


198  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

wounded.  I  find,  also,  I  have  omitted  to  mention  that  Lieut. -CoL 
Stansil  received  a  severe  wound  in  the  leg,  but  did  not  quit  the  field, 
and  still  commands  his  regiment. 

It  will  be  observed  that  Col.  Trabue,  having  led  his  own  regiment 
up  to  near  the  close  of  the  engagement,  and  witnessed  its  casualties, 
mentions  his  wounded  officers,  in  advance  of  regimental  report  from 
the  commander  who  led  it  from  the  field.  The  reader  is  referred  to 
the  "  Brief  History  of  Individuals"  for  mention  of  those  of  the  other 
regiments  who  fell  there. 

Speaking  of  the  affair  with  the  enemy's  skirmishers  on  the  evening 
of  December  29th,  alluded  to  in  the  preceding  report,  a  staff  officer  re 
marks,  that  "About  four  o'clock  on  Monday  afternoon,  the  enemy's 
skirmishers  appeared,  and  Col.  Hunt  was  ordered  to  move  forward 
with  Cobb's  Battery,  supported  by  his  own  regiment  and  two  others, 
and  hold  a  hill  which  was  the  real  key  of  Bragg's  position.  At  dusk, 
our  skirmishers  met  the  enemy  and  were  driven  back  upon  our  line. 
A  brisk  encounter  ensued,  with  the  loss  of  several  officers  and  men. 
The  Federals  approached  so  near  that  a  member  of  Cobb's  Battery 
was  severely  burned  by  the  powder  from  a  gun,  from  the  discharge  of 
which  he  was  wounded,  as  he  stood  with  his  hand  resting  upon  the 
limber  of  his  piece.  At  this  critical  moment,  Col.  Hunt  ordered  a 
charge,  which  he  led  in  person,  and  drove  what  afterward  proved  to 
be  a  Federal  brigade  across  Stone  River.  Night  closed  in,  enveloping 
our  line  in  darkness — not  a  fire  being  kindled.  An  order  came  about 
ten  o'clock  for  Col.  Hunt  to  abandon  the  hill  occupied,  and  take  a 
new  line  farther  back.  I  had  known  much  of  him,  but  never  before 
saw  him  so  restless  and  excited  when  not  under  the  observation  of  the 
men.  Just  over  the  hill  which  loomed  above  us  could  be  heard  the 
busy  axes  of  the  Federal  troops ;  and  who,  for  a  moment,  imagined 
that,  with  the  coming  dawn,  they  would  neglect  to  occupy  a  position, 
the  possession  of  which  would  render  our  line  untenable  ?  About  four 
o'clock  next  morning  he  sent  repeatedly  for  permission  to  reoccupy 
the  hill,  and  not  receiving  a  prompt  reply,  he  assumed  the  responsi 
bility,  advanced,  and  formed  upon  it.  When  daylight  came,  it  was 
obvious  to  all  observing  men  that  the  movement  had  saved  our  posi 
tion." 

A  Federal  account  of  the  action  says,  that  the  number  of  guns 
massed  on  the  bluff  was  fifty-eight,  and  that  for  full  fifteen  minutes 
they  continued  to  pour  their  storm  of  shot  and  shell  into  the  now 
broken  division. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  199 

INCIDENTS  AND  ANECDOTES  :    AT    MURFREESBORO' ;    AND  AT  AND  AFTER 

STONE  RIVER. 

I.  Preston's   Coolness  and   Heroism. — When  Gen.  Preston's 
brigade,  in  connection  with  Palmer's,  made  the  attack  on  the  enemy's 
left,  December  3ist,  as  noticed  by  Gen.  Breckinridge,  having  been 
ordered  forward  after  the  repulse  of  Jackson  and  Adams,  it  was  on 
the  right  of  Palmer,  and  nearest  the  river.     It  moved  forward  across 
the  open  field,  with  its   flank  exposed  to  the  fire  of  twenty  pieces  of 
artillery,  and  the  strongest  position  of  the  enemy's  line.     Preston  or 
dered  the  Twentieth  Tennessee  to  make  a  half-wheel  to  the  right  be 
yond  the  railroad,  and  it  attacked  with  such  dashing  courage  that  it 
drew  away  the  fire  from  his  line  advancing  across  the  plain.     The  bri 
gade  rapidly  passed  the  plain,  and,  dauntlessly  moving  under  the  fire 
of  the  artillery,  carried  the  wood.     Preston  had  a  staff  officer  (Ewing) 
killed  by  his  side,  and  another  (Lieut.  Whitefield)  severely  wounded, 
who  fell  across  his  horse,  covering  him  with  his  blood.     The  general's 
cap  was  struck  with  a  shell,  but  he   escaped  without  a  wound.     One 
of  the  regiments  had  broken ;  but  Preston  seized  the  colors  and  rode 
before  the  line  toward  the  enemy — when,  rallied  by  its  officers,  and  by 
Whitefield,  the  standard-bearer  seized  his  colors  again,  and  the  regi 
ment  dashed  forward  over  the  plain  and  into  the  wood. 

II.  Suffering  -with   Cold. — After  Sunday,  December   28th,  the 
week  at  Stone  River  was  almost  constantly  inclement,  and  the  suffer 
ing  was  great,  particularly  among  those  who  at  different  times  consti 
tuted  the  picket  force  that  covered  the  position   at  night.     On  the 
night  of  Tuesday,  December  3oth,  it  was  extremely   cold ;  and  as   it 
was  impossible  to  kindle  even  the  smallest  fire  without  attracting  the 
enemy's  attention,  the  pickets  suffered  almost  to  absolute  freezing,  as 
they  quietly  waited  and  watched,  nearly  motionless,  for  indications  of 
the  foe.      "  I  thought,"  said  one,  describing  his  experience,  "  that  I 
had  been  cold  before;  but  I  never  suffered   on  account  of  wintry 
weather  as  I  did  that  night." 

III.  A  Surgeon's  Experience  on  the  Field  at  Stone  River. 
— On  Wednesday  afternoon  Capt.  Jo  Desha  was  brought  to  my  ambu 
lance  corps  like  a  man  dead  from  a  shell  wound.     I  ordered  the  nurse 
to  put  a  cold-water  compress  to  his  head.     I  was  so  engaged  for  an 
hour  that  I  could  not  give  him  my  personal  attention,  but  at  the  end 
of  that  time  I  went  to  look  after  my  patient.     He  was  gone;  had  hur 
ried  back  to  the  front  and  resumed  command  of  his  company. — Cor 
poral  Hawes,  of    one  of  Cobb's  guns,  had  been  detailed  to  serve  with 
me  as  druggist  for  the  Second  Kentucky.     When  the  firing  began,  he 
left  me,  saying:     "  Doctor,  I  must  go  to  my  gun.     If  I  get  killed,  tell 
my  sweetheart  that  I  died  like  a  hero."     In  two  hours  after  that  a  can 
non  ball  took  his  head  off.     He  has  buried  on  Whayne's  Hill,  where 
he  fell. — Shortly  after  Breckinridge  had  made  the  desperate  charge  of 
Friday  afternoon,  a  staff-officer  on  a  black  horse  dashed  up  to  the  field 
hospital  with  an  order:     "  Move  up  your  ambulances  at  double-quick 
to  yonder  woodland,"  pointing  to  where  the  Orphans  had  gone  in. 
There  was  now  a  mingled  roar  of  continuous  musketry  and  the  thunder 


200  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

of  artillery.  An  ambulance  was  hurried  to  Gen.  Hanson.  A  brave 
surgeon  of  Louisiana  artillery  had  found  him  near  Graves's  Battery, 
wounded  with  the  cone  of  a  shell.  A  cord  was  used  as  tourniquet, 
and  he  was  hurriedly  driven  towards  Murfreesboro'.  I  met  his  ambu 
lance  and  gave  him  a  stimulant;  his  aide,  Capt.  Steve  Chipley,  was 
trying  to  control  the  artery;  Lieut.  Payne  was  holding  his  head;  Gen. 
Breckinridge  rode  up — a  few  hurried  but  pathetic  words  passed  be 
tween  him  and  his  wounded  brigadier — and  then  he  dashed  away  to 
look  after  his  lines.  Hanson  did  not  utter  a  groan  or  speak  a  com 
plaining  word.  When  I  had  done  the  little  it  was  possible  to  do  there, 
he  asked  me  to  leave  him  with  Chipley  and  go  to  the  help  of  his 
wounded  men. — About  this  time  we  found  Lieut.  Geo.  Burnley  with 
his  leg  all  shattered;  and  as  he  could  not  then  be  moved  we  put  him 
in  a  sink-hole  to  keep  him  from  being  torn  to  pieces  with  the  enemy's 
shot  and  shell. — Dr.  John  O.  Scott,  (Second  Kentucky). 

IV.  "That's  Our  Flag  !" —As  the  Second  and  Sixth  Regiments 
retired  from  the  river  (and  from  the  opposite  side,  where  those  who 
struck  the  stream  first  had  gotten),  Col.  Lewis,  directed  an  officer  of  the 
Sixth  Kentucky,  in  answer  to  a  question,  to  try  to  rally  the  men  and  make 
a  stand  just  north  of  where  Semple's  five  Napoleons  were  then  in  battery. 
The  subaltern  endeavored  to  execute  the  order,  and  called  on  the  few  men 
then  on  that  part  of  the  field  to  dress  on  a  flag  with  which  a  brave 
color-bearer  was  faced  to  the  front  and  standing  fast.  While  the  officer, 
within  a  feet  of  him,  was  directing  attention  to  a  body  of  the  enemy 
coming  up  the  slope  a  little  to  the  left  front,  he  heard  a  snap  as  of  a 
blow  against  hard  wood,  and  a  glance  at  the  color-bearer  showed  that 
a  splinter  had  been  knocked  from  the  staff  and  the  man  was  pitching 
-over  as  though  desperately  hurt.     He  ran  and  seized  the  colors,  but 
had  hardly  raised  them  when  a  soldier  who  had  stood,  firing,  a  little  to 
his  right,  ran  up  saying,   "  That's  our  flag !"     "Whose  flag?"     "It 
belongs  to  the   Second  Kentucky,   sir,   and  I'll   carry   it !  "     It  was 
promptly  placed  in  the  hands  of  the  brave  fellow ;  but  as  the  officer 
was  knocked  over  in  a  minute  afterward,  and  was  soon  after  a  prisoner, 
he  saw  nothing  more  of  the  colors  or  the  man.     The  flag  of  the  Sec 
ond  Kentucky  was  carried  off  the  field,  after  four  color-bearers  had 
been  killed  within  a  space  of  about  thirty  feet,  but  whether  this  was 
the  fifth  man  who  took  the  banner  and  saved  it,  or  whether  he  mistook 
somebody  else's  for  his  own,  has  not  been  determined,  though  inquiry 
has  often  been  made. 

V.  Must  Be  Killed  With  Due   Formality.— The  following 
horrid  parody  of  the  form  of  sentence  usually  passed  by  courts-martial 
upon  offenders  condemned  to  death  was  perpetrated  at  Murfreesboro' 
in  the  autumn  of  1862  by  three  officers  of  the  Sixth  Kentucky,  who 
had  been  detailed  to  examine  and  report  upon  the  condition  of  a  dis 
eased  mule : 

"  We,  the  undersigned,  a  board  appointed  to  examine  a  sick  mule, 
respectfully  report  that  in  our  opinion  the  said  mule  will  never  be  fit 
for  duty,  and  we  do  hereby  recommend  that  he  be  shot  to  death  in 
the  presence  of  the  wagoners." 

VI.  Sententious  as  Suvaroff.— James  P.  Tolle,  the  chief  mu 
sician  of  the  Sixth  Kentucky,  had  for  one  of  his  drummers  John  C. 
Valcour,  of  Co.  G.     He  was  a  hard-headed,  refractory  soul,  and  one 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  201 

-morning  Tolle  became  exasperated  and  shut  off  the  wind  of  his  nimble- 
sticks  for  an  indefinite  and  threatening  length  of  time.  This  was  re 
ported  to  headquarters,  whereupon  came  an  order,  duly  headed,  num 
bered  and  signed,  to  this  effect : 

"  The  Chief  Musician  is  hereby  placed  under,  arrest  for  choking 
Valcour. " 

VII.  Our  One  Military  Execution. — About  the  4th  of  Decem 
ber,  1862,  while  the  brigade  was  encamped  near  Murfreesboro',  after 
its  arrival  from  Knoxville,  a  young  man  of  the  Sixth  Kentucky  was 
found  to  be  absent  without  leave.  In  a  few  days  he  was  brought  in 
under  arrest,  having  been  captured  between  that  point  and  Kentucky. 
He  was  one  of  the  corporals  of  his  company ;  had  fought  gallantly  at 
Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and  Baton  Rouge;  and  was  every  way  a  good 
and  efficient  soldier.  Before  a  general  court-martial  convened  in 
Folk's  corps,  December  ist,  and  still  in  session  when  he  was  arrested, 
he  was  arraigned  for  trial  on  a  charge  of  desertion.  In  the  course  of 
this  trial  it  was  brought  out  that  in  September  or  October,  1861,  he 
enlisted  for  but  one  year,  and  that  he  did  not  hold  the  action  of  the 
regiment  in  reorganizing  for  the  remainder  of  the  war  as  binding  on 
those  who  did  not  individually  re-enlist,  which  he  claimed  he  had  not 
done ;  that  he  was  the  son  of  an  estimable  widow  with  three  daugh 
ters,  for  whose  support  and  protection  he  had  toiled — living  with  them 
and  making  them  his  chief  care ;  that  when  he  deemed  it  his  duty  to  enter 
the  army  he  provided  for  them  a  year's  subsistence  and  left  them  all  the 
money  he  could  command;  that  he  had  expressed  much  solicitude  con 
cerning  them,  and  had  at  last  told  his  messmates  that  he  meant  to  go 
home  and  make  further  provision  for  them,  after  which  he  would  return 
and  resume  his  place  in  the  regiment;  and  that  his  conduct  up  to  this 
time  had  been  exemplary.  In  spite  of  all  this,  however,  and  though  ably 
represented  by  counsel,  he  was  found  guilty  and  adjudged  to  suffer 
death  at  such  time  and  in  such  manner  as  the  commanding  general 
might  direct.  On  the  2oth  of  December,  Bragg  issued  an  order  ap 
proving  the  action  of  the  court,  and  fixing  Friday,  December  26th,  as 
the  day  on  which  he  should  be  executed  by  shooting  in  the  presence 
of  the  brigade.  Personal  pleading  on  the  part  of  his  officers  and 
friends  was  of  no  avail,  and  on  the  25th  a  petition  was  filed  with  the 
commanding  general,  asking  suspension  of  sentence  pending  an  ap 
peal  to  the  President.  This  was  signed  by  most  of  the  commissioned 
officers  of  the  brigade;  but  Bragg  refused  to  grant  it,  alleging  that  de 
sertions  were  frequent  in  his  army  and  that  the  law  must  be  rigidly  en 
forced.  Gen.  Breckinridge  visited  the  condemned  man  in  the  Mur 
freesboro'  jail  that  night,  and  told  him  that  his  efforts  and  those  of 
others  had  proved  unavailing;  and  to  Breckinridge  he  gave  his  pocket- 
book,  requesting  him  to  give  it  to  his  brother.  Col.  (afterward  Gen 
eral)  Lewis,  and  his  captain  and  first  lieutenant  visited  him  on  the 
morning  of  the  fatal  day,  to  have  some  last  talk  with  him  as  his  feet 
stood  now  upon  the  brink  of  eternity.  Knowing  him  and  feeling  a 
comrade's  interest  in  him,  what  a  dreadful  interview  was  that!  With 
a  yet  lingering  hope,  but  without  communicating  it  to  him,  the  three 
went  again  to  Gen.  Breckinridge  to  learn  whether  it  were  possible  to 
move  the  commander ;  but  they  found  that  Bragg  was  inexorable. 
The  field  officer  of  the  day,  charged  with  the  execution  of  the  sen- 


202  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

tence,  had  detailed  from  the  brigade  guard  one  lieutenant,  one  non 
commissioned  officer,  and  fifteen  men  (three  from  each  of  the  five 
regiments).  Three  of  the  fifteen  rifles  were  loaded  with  blank 
cartridges,  so  that  there  were  twelve  containing  balls,  and  out  of  the 
fifteen  men  twelve  were  selected  and  given  a  rifle,  but  no  one  of  the 
detail  knew  whether  his  contained  a  bullet.  A  circumstance  should 
be  related  here,  as  at  least  one  of  the  actors  is  yet  living,  and  his  con 
duct  that  day  should  be  recorded,  that  now  and  henceforth  he  may 
be  known  and  honored  of  those  who  still  believe  that  mercy  should 
have  been  extended  to  this  erring  man.  Two  or  three  lieutenants 
were  designated  successively  to  command  the  men  who  were  to  do  the 
shooting,  as  one  after  another  begged  not  to  be  peremptorily  ordered 
to  do  so,  and  was  excused.  At  length  that  noble  soldier  and  Chris 
tian  gentleman,  Lieut.  G.  B.  Overton,  of  Co.  E,  Second  Kentucky, 
was  called  and  told  that  he  must  doit.  "  Colonel,"  he  answered, 
"  I'll  give  up  my  sword  before  I'll  command  that  detail !  "  He  was 
allowed  to  go  and  another  was  found. 

The  morning  was  cloudy,  and  at  ten  o'clock  the  rain  began  to  fall 
heavily.  At  eleven,  the  hour  fixed,  the  brigade  was  marched  to  its 
drill  ground  and  aligned  to  make  three  sides  of  a  hollow  square.  The 
clouds  were  lowering  and  the  rain  still  fell,  adding  dreariness  to  the 
horrid  scene.  The  condemned  man  was  brought  out  in  an  open 
wagon,  surrounded  by  his  executioners.  A  hearse  with  coffin  followed ; 
then  came  the  brigade  officer  of  the  day  and  some  other  officers  on 
horseback.  As  the  wagon  passed  near  me  I  could  see  the  pale  but 
firm  countenance;  the  somewhat  unnatural  glare  of  his  eyes  when  he 
looked  upon  those  fellow-Kentuckians  with  whom  he  had  fought  and 
suffered  as  bravely  as  the  best;  and  the  sternly  closed  lips.  He  was 
placed  standing  with  his  back  to  the  open  space ;  his  hands  were 
bound,  but  he  asked  to  be  spared  that  last  indignity,  blind-folding, 
and  so  he  stood  looking  full  at  the  file  of  executioners  ten  paces  in 
front  of  him.  Gen.  Breckinridge  dismounted  and  went  and  talked 
with  him  a  little,  then  bade  him  good-bye,  remounted  his  horse,  and 
rode  out  of  the  lines.  The  Lieutenant  of  the  Guard,  on  horseback,  a 
few  paces  in  the  rear,  called  out,  "  Ready!  "  The  guns  were  brought 
in  position  for  cocking,  and  click !  click  !  click !  went  the  hammers. 
Then  the  order,  "Aim!  "  and  a  dozen  rifles  were  leveled  at  the  breast 
of  our  poor  comrade.  "Fire!"  The  sudden  crash  reverberated  over 
the  field,  and  he  fell  back  dead.  He  was  placed  in  the  coffin,  and  the 
company  buried  him  in  accordance  with  his  request,  beside  a  cousin 
who  had  died  at  Murfreesboro'  in  the  spring  of  1862,  when  the  brigade 
stopped  there  on  its  way  to  Corinth. 

It  was  a  horrifying  spectacle.  It  was  said  that  when  the  young  man 
fell  Gen.  Breckinridge  was  seized  with  a  deathly  sickness,  dropped 
forward  on  the  neck  of  his  horse,  and  had  to  be  caught  by  some  of  his 
staff.  If  so,  it  was  to  the  credit  of  the  knightly  leader  whose  presence 
on  the  field  of  battle  was  an  inspiration.  "  The  brave  are  ever  kind," 
and  only  the  desperately  obdurate  can  look  on  with  cold  indifference 
when  a  fellow-soldier  is  shackled  and  shot  down  like  a  common  male 
factor. 

VIII.  Col.  Trabue  at  Stone  River. — As  an  instance  of  Trabue's 
perfect  self-possession  under  the  most  trying  circumstances,  Capt, 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  203 

John  B.  Moore,  of  Greensburg,  related  the  following :  ' '  When  the 
brigade,  reeling  out  of  the  fight,  had  reached  the  top  of  the  hill  from 
which  the  first  lines  of  the  enemy  had  been  driven,  a  storm  of  shot 
and  shell  from  more  than  fifty  pieces  of  artillery,  parked  on  the  bluffs 
near  the  ford,  was  sweeping  the  ridge,  and  death  to  every  man  seemed 
imminent.  Col.  Trabue  sat  here  on  his  horse,  and  while  giving  some 
directions  he  chanced  to  see  a  Yankee  bugle  lying  on  the  ground  near 
by.  'There,'  said  he  to  one  of  my  men,  'pick  that  up,  Nichols. 
We'll  need  that.'  And  near  this  point,  too,  is  said  to  have  occurred 
a  rather  humorous  incident,  as  such  things  would,  even  in  the  most 
trying  hours.  A  soldier  who  seemed  to  have  held  on  near  the  river  a 
little  longer  than  others,  was  now  observed  coming  out,  with  rifle 
trailed,  in  a  long  gallop.  His  line  of  march  naturally  brought  him 
near  the  colonel,  who  exclaimed:  '  Halt,  sir!  don't  run.  You're  in 
just  as  much  danger  running  as  you  would  be  in  a  walk.'  The  man 
stopped  a  moment,  and,  looking  up  rather  quizzically,  bawled  out  in 
the  uproar,  '  Oh,  yes,  Colonel,  I  know  that ;  but  then,  you  see,  we  get 
(/7,  vn1  so  much  quicker!'  and  instantly  set  forward  with  even  accelerated 
speed  for  a  more  eligible  base  upon  which  to  rally." 

IX.  Not  a  "  Butternut  Cap'n." — Occasional  instances  oc 
curred  in  which  the  Kentuckians  rather  involuntarily  made  it  manifest 
that  they  did  not  want  to  be  mistaken  for  other  people.  Whenever  the 
Orphans  became  convinced  that  this  or  that  body  of  troops  was  thor 
oughly  reliable  and  could  be  trusted  to  stand  fast  to  their  flank,  or 
come  promptly  and  gallantly  to  their  relief  in  a  crisis,  their  admiration 
was  quickly  kindled, and  their  praise  unstinted,  no  matter  what  State  such 
troops  came  from.  The  term  "  butternut"  was  applied  to  the  walnut- 
dyed  jeans  which  was  much  worn  by  the  Confederate  soldiers  in  the 
Army  of  Tennessee,  and  by  a  natural  metonymy  the  men  them 
selves  were  "butternuts."  (This,  by  the  way  of  explaining  what 
follows.)  One  afternoon  soon  after  the  battle  of  Stone  River,  a  young 
and  rather  gasconading  Federal  surgeon  came  into  the  temporary  hos 
pital,  where  Dr.  Lytle  was  dressing  the  wound  of  Lieut.  Frank  Tryon, 
of  the  Second  Kentucky.  The  wound  was  a  dreadful  one,  and  the  sur 
geon's  work,  albeit  as  carefully  done  as  though  the  patient  were  one  of 
his  own  blue-coats,  was  so  painful  that  the  sufferer  seemed  to  be  grind 
ing  his  teeth,  while  his  face  was  almost  livid,  though  not  a  groan 
escaped  him.  The  visiting  surgeon,  standing  with  his  back  to  the  fire, 
with  his  legs  apart  like  the  Colossus,  stopped  his  general  chatter  long 
enough  to  ask  :  "  Doctor,  is  that  a  butternut  cap'n  ?"  Tryon  forget 
his  misery  for  the  moment  and  turned  his  eyes  on  the  questioner,  and 
they  flashed  as  he  jerked  out  angrily,  "No,  sir!  I'm  none  of  your  but 
ternuts!"  Lytle,  who  was  a  thorough  gentleman,  was  quick  to  ap 
prehend,  and  he  answered  soothingly,  "  Oh,  no !  this  is  a  Kentuckian." 
That,  of  course,  was  to  the  point,  and  the  sufferer  relapsed  into 
quiescence  under  his  hands.  Poor  Frank  !  the  sore  place  that  a  sight 
of  his  aspect  and  his  misery  made  on  my  heart  as  he  lay  near  me,  and 
where  he  died  soon  after,  remains  with  me,  though  the  years  of  a  gen 
eration  have  passed  since  then. 


204  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 


CHAPTER  X. 

FROM   MURFREESBORO'    TO    MANCHESTER. — TO   MISSISSIPPI    AGAIN. EX 

PEDITION     TO     RELIEVE    PEMBERTON. — FIGHTING    AT     JACKSON. 

RETURN    TO     CHATTANOOGA. BATTLE    OF    CHICK  AM  AUGA. INCI 
DENTS  AND  ANECDOTES. 

After  the  disastrous  repulse  of  Friday  evening,  the  weary  night  was 
passed,  by  the  survivors,  in  the  cold  rain,  at  the  old  position,  extend 
ing  the  line  of  Col.  Hunt  to  the  right — the  men  hovering  over  a  little 
fire,  except  the  line  of  pickets,  or  wrapped  in  wet,  some  in  bloody 
"blankets,  while  those  of  their  wounded  comrades  who  had  fallen  last 
were  left  to  suffer  the  horrors  of  a  long  winter  night,  in  their  clotted 
gore,  alone  and  unattended,  perhaps  to  die,  or  to  fall  into  the  hands  of 
their  enemies, — little  less  to  be  dreaded  than  death.  The  morning 
that  dawned  upon  the  armies  was  scarcely  less  gloomy  and  cheerless 
to  the  Confederates  than  the  night  had  been. 

The  day  passed  almost  listlessly ;  then  the  enemy's  advance,  for  the 
purpose  of  feeling  the  position,  on  the  night  of  the  3d,  varied  hum 
drum  misery  by  putting  the  Confederate  troops  under  arms.  Then, 
on  the  early  morning  of  the  4th,  the  retrograde  movement  began, 
under  dispositions  of  the  Kentucky  Brigade  mentioned,  by  Col.  Tra- 
bue. 

Breckinridge's  Division  proceeded  to  Allisonia;  thence,  on  the  8th 
of  January,  to  Tullahoma,  with  the  exception  of  the  Ninth  Kentucky, 
which  was  left  at  Manchester,  and  remained  there  some  weeks  alone, 
when  the  other  regiments  were  sent  back  to  that  place. 

Pending  the  decision  of  the  War  Department  as  to  the  promotion  of 
Col.  Trabue,  to  succeed  Gen.  Hanson,  Gen.  Marcus  J.  Wright  was 
assigned  to  the  command  of  the  brigade,  on  the  iyth  of  January.  He 
continued  with  it  but  a  short  time,  however,  till  it  was  ordered  to  Man 
chester,  February  3,  where  it  was  under  command  of  Col.  Hunt  till 
the  arrival  of  Gen.  Helm,  who  had  been  some  time  on  post  duty,  on 
account  of  accident  at  Baton  Rouge,  but  had  now  recovered  sufficiently 
to  take  the  field,  and  had  been  relieved  from  duty  at  Pollard,  Alabama, 
to  report  to  Gen.  Breckinridge  for  assignment.  He  took  command  of  the 
brigade  on  the  i6th  of  February,  and  announced  the  following  staff: 
Capt.  G.W.  McCawley,*A.  A.  G. ;  Maj. Thomas  H. Hays,  A.I.G.;Maj. 

*  See  part  IV.  of  this  work. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  205 

John  R.  Viley,  Chief  Quartermaster;  Maj.   S.   M.   Moorman,   Chief 
Commissary;  Lieut.  L.  E.  Payne,  Ordnance  Officer;  and  Capt.  S.  B. 
Shepp  and  Lieut.  William  Wallace  Herr,  Aides-de-camp.     Capt.  Fay- 
ette  Hewitt,  was  added  to  the  staff,  on  the  i3th  of  May  following,  as 
A.  and  I.  G. 

There  was  now  a  long  period  of  comparative  inaction.  From  the 
time  of  arrival  at  Manchester  and  Tullahoma  little  occurred  to  vary  the 
monotony  of  camp  life,  save  the  expedients  resorted  to  by  the  men  to 
kill  time  with  a  certain  amount  of  what  they  denominated  enjoyment. 
The  routine  of  drill  and  guard  service,  picket  and  police,  by  day ; 
dancing  frolics  with  the  girls  in  the  neighborhood  at  night,  or  theatri 
cals  and  concerts  in  town,  with  the  various  amusements  of  the  camp 
itself — these  duties  were  performed  and  these  pleasures  enjoyed  ac 
cording  to  the  tastes  and  dispositions  of  the  men ;  and  these,  for  the 
most  part,  constituted  the  life  of  more  than  three  months  there.  One 
little  incident  happened  to  create  a  more  than  momentary  interest — 
the  capture  of  McMinnville,  and  some  of  a  hundred  men  of  the  bri 
gade,  who  had  been  sent  there  on  the  2oth  of  March  to  guard  stores — 
but  military  actions  were  rare  with  the  infantry,  and  military  achieve 
ments  none.  The  cavalry  under  Forrest  and  Van  Dorn  was  active, 
and,  at  Thompson's  Station  and  Brentwood,  in  March,  killed,  wounded 
and  captured  almost  the  entire  command  of  Col.  Straight;  but,  up  to 
some  time  in  April,  the  infantry  was  allowed  to  rest ;  and  when  move 
ments  began,  they  were  simply  marchings  and  countermarchings, 
initiatory,  as  it  proved,  to  the  final  abandoning  of  that  line  of  defense, 
and  even  of  Tennessee. 

Bragg's  position  was  continually  threatened,  and  picketing  in  force, 
with  occasional  movements  apparently  with  a  view  to  battle,  took  place 
during  April  and  May.  On  the  23d  of  April,  the  Kentucky  Brigade 
was  sent  forward  to  Beech  Grove,  twelve  miles  in  the  direction  of 
Murfreesboro',  and  remained  here  till  the  first  of  May,  when  Gen. 
Helm  was  ordered  to  take  position  at  Jacobs'  store,  in  the  vicinity  of 
Hoover's  Gap — Hardee's  whole  corps  having  been  advanced  in  that 
direction. 

While  here,  the  most  noteworthy  incident  connected  with  the  Ken 
tucky  Brigade  was  its  trial  drill  with  the  brigade  of  Gen.  Dan  Adams. 
A  challenge  had  been  made  by  Gen.  Adams,  and  accepted  by  Gen. 
Helm,  and  it  was  arranged  that  four  regiments  of  each  should  be 
drilled  against  each  other,  beginning  on  the  igth  of  May,  in  the  order 
of  seniority  of  colonels.  Matters  were  accordingly  arranged,  and,  on 
the  i  pth,  the  Sixth  Kentucky  and  Sixteenth  Louisiana;  on  the  2oth, 
the  Second  Kentucky  and  the  Thirteenth  and  Twentieth  Louisiana 
(consolidated);  on  the  2ist,  the  Fourth  Kentucky  and  Nineteenth 


206  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

Louisiana;  and  on  the  220!,  the  Ninth  Kentucky  and  Thirty-second 
Alabama  were  to  contend  for  the  championship  of  the  Army—  not 
simply  of  the  division,  as  it  was  matter  of  remark  among  Louisianians 
that  Adams'  brigade  was  the  best  drilled  in  the  Army  of  Tennessee, 
while  Kentuckians  retorted  that  they  themselves  could  beat  the  world 
on  any  thing  required  of  soldiers.  This  kind  of  badgering  naturally 
produced  great,  but  friendly  emulation,  and  on  the  day  of  trial  each 
strove  to  do  his  best,  and  show  all  his  strong  points  to  the  greatest 
advantage.  The  Second,  Fourth,  and  Sixth  met  their  respective  regi 
ments,  and  vanquished  them— the  judges,  who  were  the  mutual  choice 
of  the  parties,  deciding,  in  every  instance,  for  "old  Kentucky." 
The  Ninth  was  deprived  of  trial,  as  a  movement  was  inaugurated  be 
fore  the  day  on  which  it  was  to  occur,  but  no  doubt  existed  as  to  favor 
able  decision  in  its  case. 

On  these  drill  days  a  large  concourse  of  people  assembled  to  witness 
the  display,  and  every  thing  assumed,  for  the  time,  a  gala-day  air  of 
lively  enjoyment.  The  generals  of  the  Army  of  Tennessee  looked  on 
with  pleased  admiration  as  the  splendid  movements  were  executed; 
while  the  citizens,  men,  women,  and  children,  manifested  a  most 
enthusiastic  interest. 

On  the  24th  of  May,  Gen.  Breckinridge  marched,  under  orders,  to 
Wartrace,  where  he  was  to  take  the  cars  for  Mississippi,  with  all  his 
force  except  the  Tennesseeans,  for  the  purpose  of  reenforcing  Gen. 
Johnston  in  the  attempt  to  relieve  Pemberton,  now  closely  besieged  at 
Vicksburg. 

Orders  had  been  issued  that  the  men  should  have  three  days'  cooked 
rations  in  haversacks,  and  the  Kentucky  Brigade  became  impressed 
with  the  idea,  by  some  means,  that  they  were  to  go  to  Mississippi, 
though  as  yet  no  one  not  intimate  at  headquarters  of  division  knew 
their  destination.  Their  displeasure  at  the  prospect  of  a  return  to  a 
region  where  they  had  known  little  but  want  and  suffering,  in  addition 
to  the  dangers  they  were  always  prepared  to  encounter,  was  great,  and 
found  vent  in  many  expressions  rather  antithetical  to  good  wishes  for 
either  Mississippi  or  Gen.  Bragg.  Gen.  Breckinridge,  knowing  their 
feelings,  appealed  to  Bragg  to  know  whether  he  could  not  give  him  a 
brigade  of  Mississippians,  who  would  naturally  desire  to  return  to 
their  own  State,  and  let  the  Kentucky  Brigade  remain  where  it  would 
at  least  have  the  assurance  of  reaching  Kentucky  in  case  of  a  suc 
cess  to  the  Confederate  arms.  Bragg  left  the  matter  to  be  decided 
loy  Gen.  Breckinridge  himself,  and  in  this  dilemma  he  appealed  to 
the  brigade  to  know  their  choice.  Having  had  them  to  assemble 
near  his  quarters,  he  explained  to  them  the  true  state  of  the  case. 
Though  he  made  no  allusion  to  the  unpleasant  feelings  known  to 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  207 

have  been  existing  between  himself  and  Bragg  ever  since  the  battle 
of  Stone  River — on  account  of  Bragg's  attempt  to  shift  the  loss  of 
the  battle  to  the  shoulders  of  Gen.  Breckinridge — the  men  seemed 
naturally  to  take  this  view  of  the  case — that  to  stay  was  to  decide  for 
Bragg,  whom  they  really  despised,  while  to  go  would  be  to  sustain 
their  own  general ;  and  when  called  upon  they  voted  without  dissent 
to  accompany  him,  and  made  their  vote  emphatic  by  the  most  en 
thusiastic  cheering  for  Breckinridge,  and  expressions  of  their  determi 
nation  to  stand  by  him  through  good  and  evil. 

They  accordingly  took  the  train  on  the  morning  of  May  25th,  and 
were  transported  to  Jackson,  Mississippi,  in  common  with  the  rest  of 
the  division,  where  they  encamped  on  the  3d  of  June,  having  pre 
viously  remained,  however,  three  or  four  days  six  miles  from  the  city, 
at  the  point  to  which  the  railroad  had  been  torn  up  some  time  pre 
viously  by  Gen.  Grant. 

The  entire  division  of  Breckinridge  was  encamped  at  Jackson,  while 
the  rest  of  the  forces,  then  under  immediate  command  of  Johnston, 
for  the  relief  of  Vicksburg — the  divisions  of  Loring,  Walker,  and 
French — were  stationed  in  the  neighborhood  of  Canton. 

Gen.  Johnston  was  now  making  the  most  strenuous  efforts  to  get 
sufficient  force  in  hand  to  raise  the  siege  of  Vicksburg,  but  the  condi 
tion  of  Bragg  in  Tennessee  was  such  as  precluded  the  practicability  of 
having  reinforcements  from  that  army,  while  affairs  in  Virginia  no  less 
demanded  the  presence  of  all  the  troops  now  in  that  department,  so 
that  he  was  compelled  to  labor  long  and  under  many  disadvantages  to 
gather  up  a  detachment  here,  another  there,  and  little  by  little  collect 
even  enough  with  which  to  make  a  hazardous  venture  beyond  the  Big 
Black,  for  an  attack  upon  the  land  force  investing  Vicksburg. 

Breckinridge's  division  spent  the  whole  month  of  June  in  the  vicin 
ity  of  Jackson,  picketing,  fortifying,  and  in  little  else  than  thecommo.n- 
place  routine.  The  condition  of  Gen.  Pemberton  had  now  become  so 
critical,  however,  that  delay  was  disaster,  and  though  an  advance  on 
the  part  of  Gen.  Johnston  was  but  a  forlorn  hope,  it  was  resolved  upon, 
and  on  the  first  day  of  July  his  troops  were  ordered  forward.  The 
march  of  fourteen  miles  that  day  was  the  most  trying  ever  made  by 
the  command.  The  day  was  hot,  almost  to  suffocation,  and  to  add  to 
the  extreme  difficulty  with  which  the  movement  was  effected,  the 
roads  were  dry,  and  the  sand  rose  in  clouds  to  envelop  the  heated, 
panting  column.  Water  was  so  scarce  that  even  a  reasonable  supply 
could  not  be  procured,  and  extreme  thirst  contributed  to  the  fatigue 
and  discomfort  otherwise  endured.  Many  fell  out  exhausted  by  the 
way,  and  some  died  of  sunstroke.  No  one  of  the  Kentuckians,  how 
ever,  suffered  to  that  extreme. 


2C8  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

The  command  encamped  that  afternoon  two  miles  west  of  Clinton, 
but  resumed  the  march  at  three  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  the  2d,  and 
went  to  Bolton's  Station,  where  it  was  again  halted,  and  encamped 
early  in  the  day.  Then  there  was  no  further  movement  till  the  even 
ing  of  the  5th,  at  which  time  the  division  was  moved  six  miles  down 
the  railroad  and  bivouacked  in  line  of  battle  at  Champion  Hill;  but 
next  morning,  Gen.  Johnston  having  received  information  of  the 
fall  of  Vicksburg,  the  return  to  Jackson  began,  and,  on  the  after 
noon  of  the  yth,  the  Kentucky  Brigade  went  into  camp  on  Pearl 
River,  two  miles  below  Jackson. 

On  the  morning  of  the  pth,  the  approach  of  the  Federals  having 
been  announced,  the  troops  were  placed  in  position,  Breckinridge's 
division  occupying  the  works  between  the  Clinton  road  and  the  river, 
below  Jackson,  the  Kentucky  Brigade  on  the  left  of  division,  with  its 
left  flank  resting  on  the  river.  The  enemy  appeared  on  the  loth,  and 
besieged  the  place.  The  Confederates  improved  their  half-finished 
works,  and  the  sharpshooters  and  artillery  of  both  armies  were  thence 
forth  engaged,  more  or  less  constantly  till  the  lyth.  Skirmishes  between 
the  advanced  lines  took  place  almost  daily,  and  once  during  the  week 
in  which  Gen.  Johnston  maintained  his  position  there  a  heavy  column 
of  Federal  troops  made  an  attempt  to  break  Breckinridge's  center,  oc 
cupied  by  Stovall's  brigade,  supporting  Cobb's  Battery.  They  were 
allowed  to  approach  within  short  musket  range,  when  Cobb  opened 
upon  them  with  grape  and  canister.  Slocomb's  Washington  Artillery, 
of  Adams'  brigade,  on  the  right,  was  also  in  position  to  rake  the 
enemy's  left.  The  right  of  the  Kentucky  Brigade,  as  well  as  the  left 
of  Adams',  and  the  entire  front  of  Gen.  Stovall,  began  an  irregular 
fire  of  musketry  ;  but  the  dreadful  discharges  of  the  artillery  could  not 
be  withstood.  The  enemy  was  instantly  staggered,  and,  unable  to 
advance,  became  confused,  while  the  sweeping  hail  from  the  batteries 
mowed  them  down  remorselessly  till  the  living  had  escaped  out  of  its 
deadly  range,  or  made  signs  of  surrender,  to  escape  destruction.  The 
only  casualties  to  the  Confederates  were  nine  men  of  Cobb's  Battery 
and  three  of  Stovall's  brigade,  wounded;  while  the  enemy  lost  two 
hundred  killed  outright,  and  two  hundred  and  fifty  wounded  and  pris 
oners.  Five  stands  of  colors  fell  into  the  hands  of  Stovall's  brigade, 
and  of  the  men  of  Cobb's  and  Slocomb's  batteries. 

An  attempt  was  made  immediately  to  bring  off  the  wounded  and 
bury  the  dead,  but  even  the  litter-bearers  were  fired  on,  and  it  was  not 
till  the  i4th  that  the  Federal  commander  would  consent  to  a  short  truce 
for  the  burial  of  his  dead,  when  the  horrid  task  of  interring  two  hun 
dred  mangled  and  now  bloated  corpses,  the  stench  of  which,  at  that 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  209 

hot  season,  was  almost  insufferable,  devolved  upon  parties  detailed 
from  the  various  commands  of  Breckinridge's  division. 

The  enemy  gradually  extended  his  lines  and  assumed  a  more  and 
more  threatening  attitude  ;  heavy  skirmishing  and  artillery  fire,  having 
excellent  range,  occurring  on  both  the  i3th  and  :6th.  Gen.  Johnston, 
knowing  his  own  weakness,  and  having  ascertained  the  strength  of  the 
enemy,  which  he  was  not  prepared  to  withstand,  had  taken  the  neces 
sary  precautions,  and  on  the  i6th  withdrew  by  pontoon  (the  bridge 
having  been  destroyed)  to  the  left  bank  of  Pearl  River,  and  began 
his  march  to  Morton.  The  Kentucky  Brigade  was  the  rear-guard  of 
the  little  army,  but  was  not  attacked,  as  the  enemy  did  not  press  the 
pursuit  in  force,  evidently  inspired  with  caution,  lest  Gen.  Johnston, 
whom  they  always  seemed  to  suspect  of  some  deep  design,  even  when 
he  was  performing  a  most  perilous  feat  of  escaping  from  the  toils  of 
an  overwhelming  and  well-appointed  force,  should  inveigle  them  into 
a  snare. 

On  the  1 8th,  the  brigade  was  encamped  on  Dead  River,  and  re 
mained  there  till  the  2ist,  then  moved  about  nine  miles,  encamping 
four  miles  east  of  Morton,  and,  a  little  subsequently,  to  the  spot,  some 
four  miles  from  that  point,  which  was  afterward  known  as  "  Camp 
Hurricane." 

This  march  of  forty  or  fifty  miles  was,  on  the  whole,  a  wretchedly 
disagreeable  one,  both  on  account  of  the  warm  and  sometimes  rainy 
weather,  and  the  extreme  scarcity  of  wholesome  water,  as  well  as  the 
nature  of  the  country  through  which  the  march  was  made.  Gen. 
Helm,  in  a  private  letter  to  his  wife,  wrote,  on  the  22d:  "  As  usual, 
we  are  on  a  grand  retreat,  the  sufferings  of  which,  so  far  as  I  am  per 
sonally  concerned,  are  unparalleled  in  the  war.  We  have  to  drink 
water  that,  in  ordinary  times,  you  wouldn't  offer  your  horse;  and  I 
have  hardly  slept  out  of  a  swamp  since  we  left  Jackson.  This  is  the 
sixth  day,  and  we  have  not  come  much  over  forty  miles.  Our  retreat 
is  very  slow  and  deliberate.  The  enemy  have  not  annoyed  us." 

Here  a  month  of  inaction  followed ;  the  quietest,  and  with  least 
duty  to  perform,  ever  enjoyed  by  the  Kentucky  Brigade.  Gen. 
Breckinridge  was  then  ordered  to  reenforce  Bragg  at  Chattanooga. 
The  division  left  Camp  Hurricane  on  the  26th  of  August,  and  pro 
ceeded  by  rail  and  steamer,  by  way  of  Mobile,  to  Chattanooga,  or 
rather  to  Tyner's  Station,  where  the  brigade  went  into  camp  on  the 
2d  of  September. 

The  health  of  the  troops  was  now  bad,  and  many  of  the  division 
were  consigned  to  hospitals;  but  those  who  were  able  for  duty  began, 
on  the  8th  of  September,  the  initiatory  movements  to  their  part  of  the 
great  battle  of  Chickamauga ;  and  after  having  marched  and  counter- 

14 


210  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

marched  even  more  than  is  usually  the  case  preliminary  to  an  engage 
ment,  they  found  themselves,  on  the  i8th,  in  bivouac  near  the  Chicka- 
mauga  River,  which  was  to  be  made  classic  on  the  next  two  days  by  a 
sanguinary  contest  scarcely  paralleled  in  the  annals  of  civilized  man. 
As  in  previous  instances,  it  is  wholly  impracticable  to  enter  into 
minute  inquiry  as  to  the  entire  conduct  of  that  battle,  and  the  actions 
of  various  troops  engaged.  And  even  did  the  limits  of  our  work  ad 
mit,  it  would  not  be  desirable,  since  we  aspire  to  nothing  of  so  compre 
hensive  a  nature.  The  following  report  of  Gen.  Breckinridge  will  en 
able  the  reader  to  understand  the  relative  position  of  his  division  to  the 
other  divisions  of  the  corps  during  the  two  days'  fighting,  as  also  the 
position  of  the  Kentucky  Brigade  of  that  division ;  while  the  report  of 
Gen.  Lewis,  following,  records  the  special  action  of  the  brigade  in 
question.  It  may  be  observed,  however,  that  in  August,  Lieut. -Gen. 
D.  H.  Hill  had  reported  for  duty  in  the  Army  of  Tennessee,  and  was 
placed  in  command  of  the  corps  of  which  Breckinridge's  division 
formed  a  part. 

HEADQUARTERS,  BRECKINRIDGE'S  DIVISION,  ) 
D.  H.  HILL'S  CORPS,  October,  1863.      f 

Lieut. -Col.  Archer  Anderson,  A.  A.  G.  of  Hill 's  Corps — 

SIR:  I  have  the  honor  to  report  the  operations  of  my  division 
in  the  battle  of  Chickamauga  on  the  ipth  and  2oth  of  September  last. 

It  was  composed  of  the  Second,  Fourth,  Sixth,  and  Ninth  Ken 
tucky,  and  Forty-first  Alabama  Regiments,  with  Cobb's  Battery,  un 
der  the  command  of  Brig. -Gen.  B.  H.  Helm;  the  Thirteenth,  Twen 
tieth,  Sixteenth,  Twenty-fifth,  and  Nineteenth  Louisiana,  Thirty- 
second  Alabama,  and  Austin's  Battalion  of  Sharpshooters,  with 
Slocomb's  Battery  (Fifth  Washington  Artillery),  under  the  command 
of  Brig. -Gen.  Daniel  Adams;*  the  First,  Third,  and  Fourth  Florida, 
Forty-seventh  Georgia,  and  Sixtieth  North  Carolina  Regiments,  with 
Mebane's  Battery,  under  the  command  of  Brig. -Gen.  M.  A.  Stovall. 

My  effective  strength  was,  of  enlisted  men,  three  thousand  three 
hundred  and  ninty-five.  Total,  three  thousand  seven  hundred  and 
sixty-nine. 

At  daylight  of  the  i8th  my  command  moved  from  Catlett's  Gap, 
and  that  neighborhood,  in  the  Pigeon  Mountain,  and  the  same  after 
noon  took  position  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Chickamauga,  near  Glass's 
Mill,  and  composed  the  extreme  left  of  the  infantry  of  the  army.  I 
immediately  threw  the  Second  Kentucky  across  the  ford  to  skirmish 
with  the  enemy  and  reveal  his  position,  the  Sixth  Kentucky  being 
placed  in  close  supporting  distance  at  the  mill.  Adams'  brigade  was 

*Gen.  Adams  was  a  native  of  Frankfort,  Ky. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  211 

sent  by  order  of  Lieut. -Gen.  D.  H.  Hill  to  a  ford  a  mile  and  a  half 
above,  where  the  enemy,  as  the  cavalry  reported,  threatened  to  cross. 
It  was  so  late  when  these  dispositions  were  made  that  nothing  satis 
factory  was  developed  that  night. 

On  the  morning  of  the  ipth  Slocomb,  with  four  guns,  Cobb,  with 
two,  and  the  remainder  of  Helm's  brigade,  were  moved  across  Glass's 
Ford  to  ascertain  the  position  of  the  enemy,  while  the  two  rifled  pieces 
of  Slocomb's  Battery,  under  Lieut.  Vaught,  took  position  on  a  bluff 
upon  the  east  side  of  the  stream.  An  artillery  engagement  ensued 
much  to  our  advantage,  until  the  enemy,  who  occupied  the  better  po 
sition,  brought  forward  a  number  of  heavy  guns,  and  showed  the 
greater  weight  of  metal.*  While  the  engagement  was  progressing,  I 
received  an  order  from  Lieut.-Gen.  Hill  to  withdraw  my  command,  if 
it  could  be  done  without  too  great  peril,  and  take  position  about  three 
miles  south  of  Lee  and  Gordon's  Mill,  on  the  road  leading  from  Chat 
tanooga  to  Lafayette,  and  so  as  to  cover  the  approach  to  that  road 
from  Glass's  Mill  and  the  ford  above;  leaving  a  regiment  and  section  of 
artillery  to  observe  those  crossings. 

The  movement  was  made  in  good  order,  Col.  Dilworth,  with  the 
First  and  Third  (consolidated)  Florida,  and  a  section  of  Cobb's  Bat 
tery  being  left  in  observation.  Our  casualties,  which  fell  upon  Slocomb, 
Cobb  and  Helm,  were  twenty-two  killed  and  wounded.  The  loss  of  the 
enemy  in  killed  alone,  as  shown  by  an  examination  of  the  ground  after 
the  20th,  was  nearly  equal  to  the  sum  of  our  casualties.  Although  the 
enemy  was  in  considerable  strength  at  the  fords  above  referred  to,  the 
result  showed  that  it  was  a  covering  force  to  columns  passing  down  the 
valley  to  unite  with  the  center  and  left  of  his  army. 

Soon  after  taking  up  the  new  position,  I  was  ordered  to  relieve 
Brig. -Gen.  Patton  Anderson's  division,  which  was  facing  the  enemy 
•opposite  Lee  and  Gordon's  Mill.  The  troops  marched  rapidly,  yet 
it  was  late  in  the  afternoon  before  this  movement  was  completed.  The 
division  was  hardly  in  position  when  I  received  an  order  from  the 
general  commanding  the  army  to  move  to  the  right,  cross  the  Chick- 
amauga  at  a  point  farther  down,  and  occupy  a  position  to  be  indi 
cated.  The  division  crossed  at  Alexander's  bridge,  and  arriving 
between  ten  and  eleven  o'clock  at  night  at  a  field  about  a  mile  and 
a  half  in  the  rear  of  the  right  of  our  line  of  battle,  bivouacked  there  by 
order  of  Lieut.-Gen.  Polk.  Remaining  some  time  at  Lieut.-Gen.  Folk's 
campfire,  I  left  there  two  hours  before  daylight  (the  2oth)  to  place  my 
command  in  position.  During  the  night  Gen.  Polk  informed  me  that  I 
was  to  prolong  the  line  of  battle  upon  the  right  of  Maj.-Gen.  Cleburne. 
Conducted  by  an  officer  of  his  staff  and  Lieut.  Reid,  aide-de-camp  to 

*This  was  the  celebrated  artillery  duel  of  Maj.  Graves,  alluded  to  elsewhere. 


212  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

Gen.  Hill,  my  division  reached  Cleburne's  right  a  little  after  daybreak. 
Upon  the  readjustment  of  his  line,  I  formed  on  his  right,  and  became 
the  extreme  right  of  the  general  line  of  battle.  Helm  was  on  the  left  of 
my  line,  Stovall  in  the  center,  and  Adams  on  the  right,  the  last  extend 
ing  across  a  country  road  leading  from  Reid's  bridge  and  striking  the 
Chattanooga  road  at  a  place  called  Glenn's  farm.  The  country  was 
wooded,  with  small  openings,  and  the  ground  unknown  to  me.  Our 
skirmishers,  a  few  hundred  yards  in  advance,  confronted  those  of  the 
enemy.  Our  line  was  supposed  to  be  parallel  with  the  Chattanooga 
road. 

Soon  after  sunrise,  I  received  a  note  from  Lieut. -Gen.  Polk  directing 
me  to  advance,  and  about  the  same  time  Maj.-Gen.  Cleburne,  who 
happened  to  be  with  me,  received  one  of  the  same  tenor.  Lieut. -Gen. 
Hill  having  arrived,  the  notes  were  placed  in  his  hands ;  by  his  order 
the  movement  was  delayed  for  the  troops  to  get  their  rations,  and  on 
other  accounts. 

Dilworth,  who  had  been  relieved  by  a  cavalry  force  late  the  preced 
ing  evening,  and  who  had  marched  all  night,  now  arrived  and  took  his 
place  in  line.  At  half-past  nine  A.  M.  ,  by  order  of  Lieut. -Gen.  Hill, 
I  moved  my  division  forward  in  search  of  the  enemy.  At  a  distance 
of  seven  hundred  yards  we  came  upon  him  in  force,  and  the  battle 
was  opened  by  Helm's  brigade  with  great  fury. 

The  Second  and  Ninth  Kentucky,  with  three  companies  of  the 
Forty-first  Alabama  Regiment,  encountered  the  left  of  a  line  of  breast 
works  before  reaching  the  Chattanooga  road,  and  though  assailing 
them  with  great  courage,  were  compelled  to  pause.  From  some  cause, 
the  line  of  my  left  had  not  advanced  simultaneously  with  my  division, 
and  in  consequence,  from  the  form  of  the  enemy's  works,  these  brave 
troops  were  at  first,  in  addition  to  the  fire  in  front,  subjected  to  a 
severe  enfilading  fire  from  the  left.  The  rest  of  Helm's  brigade,  in 
whose  front  there  were  no  works,  after  a  short  but  sharp  engage 
ment,  routed  a  line  of  the  enemy,  pursued  it  across  the  Chattanooga 
road,  and  captured  a  section  of  artillery  posted  in  the  center  of  the 
road.  This  portion  of  the  brigade  was  now  brought  under  a  heavy 
front  and  enfilading  fire,  and  being  separated  from  its  left  and  with 
out  support,  I  ordered  Col.  Joseph  H.  Lewis,  of  the  Sixth  Kentucky, 
who  succeeded  to  the  command  upon  the  fall  of  Gen.  Helm,  to  with 
draw  the  troops  some  two  hundred  yards  to  the  rear,  reunite  the 
brigade,  and  change  his  front  slightly  to  meet  the  new  order  of  things, 
by  throwing  forward  his  right  and  retiring  his  left.  The  movement  was 
made  without  panic  or  confusion. 

This  was  one  of  the  bloodiest  encounters  of  the  day.  Here  Gen. 
Helm,  ever  ready  for  action,  and  endeared  to  his  command  by  his 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  213 

many  virtues,  received  a  mortal  wound  while  in  the  heroic  discharge  of 
his  duty.  Col.  Hewitt,  of  the  Second  Kentucky,  was  killed,  acting 
gallantly  at  the  head  of  his  regiment.  Captains  Madeira,  Rogers,  and 
Dedman,  of  the  Second,  Capt.  Daniel,  of  the  Ninth  Kentucky,  and 
many  other  officers  and  men  met  their  deaths  before  the  enemy's 
works;  while  Col.  Nuckols,*  of  the  Fourth  Kentucky,  Col.  Caldwell, 
of  the  Ninth,  and  many  more  officers  and  men  were  wounded. 

In  the  meantime  Adams  and  Stovall  advanced  steadily,  driving  back 
two  lines  of  skirmishers.  Stovall  halted  at  the  Chattanooga  road. 
Adams,  after  dispersing  a  regiment  and  capturing  a  battery,  crossed 
at  Glenn's  farm,  and  halted  a  short  distance  beyond  in  an  open  field. 

When  Helm's  Brigade  was  checked,  and  I  had  given  Col.  Lewis 
orders  in  reference  to  his  new  position,  I  rode  to  the  commands  of 
Adams  and  Stovall  on  the  right.  It  was  now  evident,  from  the  com 
paratively  slight  resistance  they  had  encountered,  and  the  fact  that 
they  were  not  threatened  in  front,  that  our  line  extended  beyond  the 
enemy's  left.  I  at  once  ordered  these  brigades  to  change  front  per 
pendicularly  to  the  original  line  of  battle,  and  with  the  left  of  Adams 
and  the  right  of  Stovall  resting  on  the  Chattanooga  road,  to  advance 
upon  the  flank  of  the  enemy.  Slocomb's  Battery,  which  had  previously 
done  good  service,  was  posted  on  favorable  ground  on  the  west  of  the 
road  to  support  the  movement. 

The  brigades  advanced  in  fine  order  over  a  field,  and  entered  the 
woods  beyond.  Stovall  soon  encountered  the  extreme  left  of  the 
enemy's  works,  which,  retiring  from  the  "general  north  and  sooth  direc 
tion  of  his  intrenchments,  extended  westwardly  nearly  to  the  Chattanooga 
road.  After  a  severe  and  well  contested  conflict,  he  was  checked  and 
forced  to  retire.  Adams,  on  the  west  of  the  road,  met  two  lines  of  the 
enemy,  who  had  improved  the  short  time  to  bring  reinforcements  and 
reform  nearly  at  a  right  angle  to  the  troops  in  his  main  line  of  works. 

The  first  line  was  routed,  but  it  was  found  impossible  to  break  the 
second,  aided  as  it  was  by  artillery ;  and  after  a  sanguinary  contest, 
which  reflected  high  honor  on  the  brigade,  it  was  forced  back  in  some 
confusion.  Here  Gen.  Adams,  who  is  as  remarkable  for  his  judgment 
on  the  field  as  for  his  courage,  was  severely  wounded,  and  fell  into  the 
hands  of  the  enemy. 

Lieut. -Col.  Turner,  of  the  Nineteenth  Louisiana,  was  wounded,  and 
the  gallant  Maj.  Butler,  of  the  same  regiment,  was  killed. 

Stovall  had  gained  a  point  beyond  the  angle  of  the  enemy's  main 
line  of  works ;  Adams  had  advanced  still  farther,  being  actually  in  rear 

*Col.  Nuckols  received  his  wound  while  leading  the  Fourth,  as  skirmishers, 
and  in  conflict  with  a  strong  force  of  the  enemy,  some  time  before. 


214  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

of  his  intrenchments.  A  good  supporting  line  of  my  division  at  this 
moment  would  probably  have  produced  decisive  results.  As  it  was, 
the  engagement  on  our  right  had  inflicted  heavy  losses,  and  compelled 
him  to  weaken  other  parts  of  the  line  to  hold  his  vital  point.  Adams' 
Brigade  reformed  behind  Slocomb's  Battery,  which  repulsed  the  enemy 
by  a  rapid  and  well-directed  fire,  rendering,  on  this  occasion,  important 
and  distinguished  service. 

By  order  of  Lieut. -Gen.  Hill,  my  division  was  withdrawn  a  short 
distance  to  recruit,  while  the  troops  of  Maj.-Gen.  Walker  engaged  the 
enemy.  My  new  line  was  about  six  hundred  yards  in  advance  of  the 
position  on  which  I  formed  first  in  the  morning,  with  a  slight  change 
of  direction,  which  brought  my  right  relatively  nearer  the  Chatta 
nooga  road.  Soon  after  taking  this  position,  an  attack  was  reported  on 
our  right  flank.  It  proved  to  be  Granger's  corps  coming  up  from 
Rossville,  and  threatening  our  right  with  a  part  of  his  force. 

At  the  request  of  Brig. -Gen.  Forrest,  I  sent  him  a  section  of  Cobb's 
Battery,  under  the  command  of  Lieut.  Gracey,  who  assisted  hand 
somely  in  repulsing  the  enemy. 

At  the  request  of  the  brigade  commanders,  the  artillery  of  the  di 
vision  had  been  ordered  to  report  to  the  brigades  with  which  they  were 
accustomed  to  serve.  Cobb's  Battery,  from  the  nature  of  the  ground, 
could  not  participate  to  its  accustomed  extent,  yet,  as  opportunity 
offered,  it  displayed  its  usual  gallantry.  The  excellent  battery  of 
Capt.  Mebane,  for  the  same  reason,  was  able  to  take  little  part  in 
the  action. 

The  afternoon  was  waning,  and  the  enemy  still  obstinately  con 
fronted  us  in  his  intrenchments. 

I  received  permission  from  Lieut. -Gen.  Hill  to  make  another 
charge.  A  line  of  troops  on  my  right,  and  covering  a  part  of  my 
front,  advanced  at  the  same  time.  A  portion  of  these  troops  obliqued 
to  the  right,  and  my  line  passed  through  the  rest,  who  seemed  to  be 
out  of  ammunition,  so  that  after  moving  a  few  hundred  yards,  the 
enemy  alone  was  in  my  front.  The  division  advanced  with  intrepidity, 
under  a  severe  fire,  and  dashed  over  the  left  of  the  intrenchments.  In 
passing  them  I  saw  on  my  left  the  right  of  Maj.-Gen.  Cleburne,  whose 
brave  division  stormed  the  center. 

Several  hundred  of  the  enemy  ran  through  our  lines  to  the  rear, 
the  rest  were  pursued  several  hundred  yards  and  beyond  the  Chatta 
nooga  road;  of  these  some  were  killed,  and  a  good  many  taken  pris 
oners,  but  most  of  them  escaped  through  the  darkness.  It  was  now 
night;  pursuit. was  stopped  by  order  of  Lieut.-Gen.  Hill,  and,  throw 
ing  out  pickets,  I  bivouacked  in  line  near  the  road. 

The  prisoners  taken  by  my  command,  of  whom  there  was  a  con- 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  215 

siderable  number,  were  allowed  to  go  to  the  rear,  since  details  could 
not  be  spared  for  them,  and  it  was  known  they  would  be  gathered  up 
there. 

The  division  captured  nine  pieces  of  artillery.  I  am  aware  that  it  is 
usually  the  whole  army,  not  a  part  of  it,  that  takes  guns  from  the 
enemy,  and  that  often  the  troops  who  obtain  possession  of  them  owe 
their  good  fortune  quite  as  much  to  fire  from  the  right  and  left  as  to 
their  own  efforts.  Yet  I  think  it  due  to  my  command  to  say  that  in 
regard  to  six  at  least  of  these  guns  such  considerations  do  not  apply, 
and  that  they  were  taken  without  assistance  from  any  other  troops. 

My  total  casualties,  as  shown  by  official  reports,  were  twelve  hun 
dred  and  forty,  of  which  number  one  hundred  and  sixty-six  were 
killed,  nine  hundred  and  nine  wounded,  and  one  hundred  and  sixty- 
five  missing. 

To  Brig. -Gen.  Stovall,  to  Col.  Lewis,  who  succeeded  to  the  com 
mand  of  Helm's  brigade,  and  to  Col.  Randall  L.  Gibson,*  who  suc 
ceeded  to  the  command  of  Adams'  brigade,  the  country  is  indebted 
for  the  courage  and  skill  with  which  they  discharged  their  arduous 
duties. 

The  officers  and  men  of  the  division,  with  exceptions  so  rare  as  to 
place  in  striking  contrast  to  them  the  general  good  conduct  sustained 
their  former  reputation,  and  were  alike  worthy  of  each  other. 

To  the  gentlemen  of  my  staff  I  feel  sincere  gratitude  for  the 
prompt,  fearless,  and  cheerful  manner  in  which  they  discharged  their 
duties. 

Maj.  Wilson,  assistant  adjutant-general;  Col.  Von  Zinken,  A.  I. 
General,  who  had  two  horses  shot  under  him;  Capt.  Mastin,  A.  I. 
General,  who  received  a  contusion  from  a  grape-shot ;  Lieut.  Breckin- 
ridge,  aide-de-camp,  whose  horse  was  shot ;  Capt.  Semple,  ordnance 
officer;  Lieut.  Berties  (Twentieth  Louisiana),  A.  A.  I.  G.;  Dr.  Heustis, 
chief  surgeon ;  Dr.  Kratz,  on  duty  in  the  field,  and  Messrs.  McGehee, 
Coleman,  Mitchell,  and  Clay,  volunteers  on  my  staff,  performed  their 
duties  in  a  manner  to  command  my  confidence  and  regard. 

One  member  of  my  staff  I  can  not  thank.  Maj.  R.  E.  Graves, 
chief  of  artillery,  received  a  mortal  wound  in  the  action  of  Sunday, 
the  20th.  Although  a  very  young  man,  he  had  won  eminence  in 
arms,  and  gave  promise  of  the  highest  distinction.  A  truer  friend,  a 
purer  patriot,  a  better  soldier  never  lived. 

I  am,  colonel,  very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

JOHN  C.   BRECKINRIDGE-, 

Major- General,  P.  A.,  C.  S. 


*Col.  Gibson  was  a  native  of  Woodford  county,  Ky. 


216  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

INDORSEMENT  OF  REPORT. 

In  speaking  of  the  final  attack  on  the  afternoon  of  the  aoth,  Gen. 
Breckinridge  employs  a  phrase  in  a  different  sense  from  its  ordinary 
meaning.  He  says:  "I  received  permission  from  Lieut.  -Gen.  Hill  to 
make  another  charge."  The  facts  in  the  case  are  simply  these  :  About 
3:30  p.  M.,  or  it  may  be  a  little  later,  I  ordered  another  major-general, 
not  of  my  corps,  but  who  had  been  sent  to  report  to  me,  to  make  the 
attack,  telling  him  that  Breckinridge's  men,  after  their  repulse,  were 
scarcely  in  a  condition  to  make  another  charge.  He  replied,  "My 
division  was  sent  by  Gen.  Polk  as  a  support  to  Gen.  Breckinridge, 
and,  under  my  orders,  I  can  do  nothing  more  than  support  him."  I 
then  returned  to  Gen.  Breckinridge,  told  him  of  this  conversation,  and 
asked  him  if  his  troops  were  ready  to  renew  the  attack.  He  answered, 
"Yes,  I  think  they  are."  I  then  added,  "Well,  then,  move  promptly, 
and  strike  hard."  The  division  responded  to  the  order  with  a  cheer, 
moved  off  in  beautiful  style,  and  made  a  most  glorious  charge. 

D.  H.  HILL,  Lieutenant- General. 


HEADQUARTERS  HELM'S  BRIGADE,          1 
BEFORE  CHATTANOOGA,  September  30,  1863.  ] 

Major  James  Wilson,  Assistant  Adjutant  General — 

SIR:  The  death  of  Brig.-Gen.  B.  H.  Helm  makes  it  my  duty,  as 
senior  colonel  commanding,  to  report  the  part  taken  by  this  brigade  in 
the  action  of  the  ipth  and  2oth  instants  : 

On  the  afternoon  of  the  i8th,  the  brigade  took  position  on  the 
right  bank  of  West  Chickamauga,  near  Glass's  Mill,  except  the  Second 
Kentucky  Regiment,  deployed  on  the  opposite  side  as  skirmishers. 

On  the  morning  of  the  ipth,  the  command,  with  Cobb's  Battery, 
crossed  the  stream.  About  nine  A.  M.,  a  shot  from  the  battery,  into  a 
house  about  five  hundred  yards  off,  where  the  enemy's  skirmishers 
were  concealed,  excited  an  immediate  response  from  the  enemy  fur 
ther  to  the  right,  followed  soon  after  by  a  spirited  artillery  duel,  in 
which  Slocomb's  Battery,  also,  which  had,  in  the  meantime,  crossed 
over,  participated,  resulting  in  silencing  the  enemy.  Soon,  however, 
another  battery  of  the  enemy  opened  fire  still  farther  to  the  right.  In 
a  short  time,  orders  having  been  issued  from  Maj.-Gen.  Breckinridge 
to  that  effect,  the  whole  command  recrossed  the  stream  and  moved  to 
the  Chattanooga  road.  Fourteen  men  of  this  brigade  were  killed  and 
wounded  on  this  occasion.  From  thence  we  moved  toward  Chatta 
nooga,  to  the  position  held  by  and  relieving  Deas'  brigade.  About 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  217 

two  hours  after  nightfall  we  reached  a  point  one  and  one-half  miles 
beyond  Alexander's  bridge,  where  we  bivouacked  until  three  A.  M., 
2oth  instant,  when  we  were  ordered  to  our  position  in  line  of  battle 
one  mile  or  more  beyond  and  on  the  left  of  the  division.  We  got  into 
position  and  were  ready  to  advance  by  about  half-past  five  A.  M.  Soon 
after  getting  into  position,  one  company  from  each  regiment  was,  un 
der  command  of  Lieut. -Col.  Wickliffe,  of  the  Ninth  Kentucky,  de 
ployed  two  hundred  and  fifty  yards  in  advance  as  skirmishers.  Be 
coming  hotly  engaged  with  the  enemy,  the  Fourth  Kentucky  Regi 
ment,  Col.  Nuckols  commanding,  was  ordered  to  their  support.  The 
skirmishers  of  the  enemy,  having  the  advantage  in  position,  showed 
determination  and  kept  up  a  rapid  fire,  wounding  several  officers  and 
men  before  the  advance  of  the  brigade.  Among  others  severely 
wounded  was  Col.  Nuckols,  by  which  his  command  was  thereafter  de 
prived  of  the  services  of  this  gallant  and  meritorious  officer. 

Between  nine  and  ten  A.  M.,  the  brigade  advanced  in  the  following 
order,  viz.:  the  Sixth  Kentucky,  Col.  Lewis,  and  the  Second  Ken 
tucky,  Lieut. -Col.  Hewitt  commanding,  on  the  extreme  right  and  left 
respectively.  The  Fourth  Kentucky,  Maj.  Thompson,  and  Ninth 
Kentucky,  Col.  Caldwell  commanding,  on  the  right  and  left  center 
respectively,  and  the  Forty-first  Alabama,  Col.  Stansil  commanding, 
in  the  center. 

The  enemy's  fortifications  did  not  extend  the  entire  length  of  the 
brigade  front,  but  the  Sixth  and  Fourth,  and  seven  companies  of  the 
Forty-first,  in  advancing,  passed  to  the  right  and  clear  of  them,  con 
sequently  fighting  the  foe  on  something  like  equal  terms.  This  por 
tion  of  the  command,  with  but  a  momentary  halt  and  no  hesita 
tion,  steadily  drove  the  enemy  back  to  within  one  hundred  yards  of 
the  Chattanooga  road,  when  I  discovered  a  battery  of  two  Napoleon 
guns  fifty  yards  beyond  the  road.  Here  I  also  discovered,  for  the 
first  time,  what  the  thicker  growth  of  timber  had  prevented  me  from 
observing  before,  that  the  left  of  the  brigade  was  considerably  in  rear. 
Neither  a  halt  nor  retreat  at  this  time  was,  in  my  judgment,  proper  or 
allowable.  So  the  command  was  given  to  take  the  battery,  and  it  was 
done.  Soon  after  crossing  the  road,  Capt.  McCawley,  of  Gen.  Helm's 
staff,  informed  me  that  the  general  had  been  mortally  wounded,  near 
the  position  occupied  by  the  left  of  the  brigade. 

The  right  not  being  then  under  fire,  I  left  it  in  command  of  Lieut. - 
Col.  Gofer,  and  started,  on  Capt.  McCawley's  horse,  to  where  the 
other  portion  of  the  brigade  was.  I  encountered  considerable  diffi 
culty  in  reuniting  the  brigade,  on  account  of  the  distance  apart  and 
the  want  of  staff  aid,  having  no  one  with  me  but  Capt.  Hewitt,  and 
not  him  immediately,  on  account  of  the  loss  of  his  horse.  Although 


218  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

not  personally  cognizant  of  the  behavior  of  the  left  of  the  brigade 
previous  to  assuming  command,  yet  I  am  warranted,  by  information  of 
an  entirely  satisfactory  kind,  in  speaking  of  it.  Justice  to  the  living, 
and  affectionate  memory  of  the  dead,  make  it  a  duty  and  a  pleasure  to 
allude  to  their  conduct  in  terms  of  praise. 

After  advancing  about  four  hundred  yards,  they  encountered  a 
heavy  musketry  and  artillery  fire  in  front,  and  also  an  enfilading  fire 
from  the  left,  which  the  failure  of  the  command  to  their  left,  to  ad 
vance  simultaneously  with  Breckinridge's  division,  enabled  the  enemy 
to  pour  into  their  ranks.  Besides,  I  am  satisfied  they  were  subjected 
to  a  fire  on  their  right  from  the  two  pieces  subsequently  captured  by 
the  right  of  the  brigade.  Yet  three  several  times  this  devoted  little 
band  charged  the  enemy,  securely  fortified  and  in  a  favorable  position. 
Though  necessarily  repulsed,  their  frightful  loss  shows  their  constancy 
and  bravery.  Here  the  kind,  pure,  brave  Brig. -Gen.  B.  H.  Helm 
was  mortally  wounded,  heroically  doing  his  duty.  Lieut. -Col.  James 
W.  Hewitt,  in  advance  of  his  regiment,  and  showing  a  devotion  and 
daring  entitled  to  the  highest  commendation,  was  killed.  Col.  Cald- 
well  was  severely  wounded,  as  usual,  in  his  place,  doing  his  duty. 
Robert  C.  Anderson,  color-sergeant  Second  Kentucky,  was  killed  upon 
the  enemy's  works,  after  having  planted  his  colors  thereon.  Here  fell 
many  another  officer  and  soldier,  life  images  of  Kentucky's  old,  re 
nowned,  and  valiant  soldiers,  true  men.  The  blood  of  her  sons  also 
attest  Alabama's  chivalry  and  manhood. 

As  soon  as  I  ascertained  the  exact  position  of  the  left,  I  caused  it  to 
be  moved,  by  the  right  flank,  to  the  right,  and  in  advance  of  where  it 
was  then,  till  the  right  of  the  brigade,  under  command  of  Lieut. -Col. 
Gofer,  was  met — he  having  recrossed  the  road — when  I  formed  the 
brigade  in  line  of  battle  nearly  perpendicular  to  the  road  and  to  the 
enemy's  works.  About  this  time  I  received  orders  from  Lieut. -Gen. 
Hill,  through  one  of  his  staff,  not  to  advance,  but  to  await  the  arrival 
of  fresh  troops.  In  a  short  time  Gist's  brigade  attacked  the  enemy, 
passing  through  my  lines  for  that  purpose,  but  was  drawn  back.  Ec- 
tor's  brigade  then  advanced,  but,  being  unable  to  drive  the  enemy 
from  his  works,  finally  fell  back,  leaving  this  brigade  again  to  confront 
the  enemy.  My  men,  though  at  this  time  nearly  exhausted  by  several 
hours  hard  fighting,  and  suffering  greatly  for  want  of  water,  remained 
firm,  no  one  leaving  his  place.  After  the  repulse  of  the  other  two 
brigades,  I  was  ordered  to  retire  several  hundred  yards  to  the  rear  to 
rest  the  men,  which  was  done  in  good  order  and  without  confusion. 

Late  in  the  afternoon  AValker's  division  advanced  against  the  enemy, 
a  portion  of  it  attacking  the  same  point  the  left  of  this  brigade  did  in 
the  morning.  Being  with  my  command  about  four  hundred  yards  in 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  219 

rear  at  that  time,  and  out  of  sight  of  the  combatants,  I  could  not  see 
with  what  result  the  attack  was  made,  though  a  short  time  thereafter 
Cheatham's  division  moved  to  the  attack  over  the  same  ground — 
U'right's  brigade,  of  that  division,  passing  through  the  lines  of  this 
brigade.  After  some  time  had  elapsed,  and  it  appearing  from  the  firing 
that  no  appreciable  advantage  had  been  gained,  this  brigade  was 
moved  forward,  being  on  the  left  of  the  division.  In  advancing,  it 
was  discovered  that  the  center  brigade  of  the  division  lapped  on  mine, 
making  it  necessary  for  me  to  oblique  to  the  left  about  two  hundred 
yards.  It  was  also  necessary  to  advance  the  left  more  rapidly  than 
the  right  wing,  in  order  to  get  on  a  line  more  parallel  with  the  enemy. 
Both  these  difficult  movements  were  executed  while  marching  through 
the  woods,  without  any  material  derangement  of  the  line,  the  com 
mand  moving  steadily  and  unfalteringly  forward. 

Upon  arriving  in  sight  of  the  enemy's  fortifications,  the  brigade 
rapidly  charged  upon  them,  driving  them  from  their  stronghold,  in 
confusion,  toward  the  Chattanooga  road.  The  pursuit  was  continued 
across  an  open  field  till  the  road  was  reached,  when,  it  being  dark,  I 
judged  it  prudent  to  halt,  which  met  the  approval  of  Lieut.-Gen.  Hill, 
who,  close  after  us,  immediately  came  up.  In  passing  through  the 
fortifications,  a  number  of  prisoners  were  captured  and  sent  to  the 
rear.  We  also  captured  two  pieces  of  artillery  in  the  road,  which  our 
rapid  pursuit  of  the  enemy  prevented  their  carrying  off — one  Napoleon 
;md  one  James  rifle.  The  nature  of  the  ground  (woodland)  prevented 
Cobb's  Battery  performing  the  important  part  in  this  action  he  and  his 
gallant  company  have  so  often  done,  and  knew  so  well  how  to  do — 
though,  in  the  afternoon,  one  section,  under  the  gallant  and  faithful 
(iracey,  was  placed  in  position  under  Gen.  Forrest.  I  refer  you  to 
("apt.  Cobb's  report  for  an  account  of  their  behavior  on  that  occasion. 

I  am  not  enabled  to  state  the  exact  number  engaged  in  the  actions 
of  the  ipth  and  aoth.  But  one  thousand  three  hundred  is  the  approx 
imate  number  of  officers  and  men,  including  Cobb's  Battery.  The 
whole  number  of  casualties  were  sixty-three  killed  and  four  hundred 
and  eight  wounded. 

It  would  afford  me  pleasure  to  designate,  by  name,  the  officers  and 
men  who  so  gallantly  fought  on  these  two  occasions,  for,  with  very  few 
exceptions,  all  did  their  duty;  but  to  do  so  would  swell  this  report  to 
an  inordinate  size.  However,  I  feel  it  to  be  my  duty,  and  take  pleas 
ure  in  the  performance  of  it,  to  call  attention  to  the  conduct  of  the 
field  officers  of  the  different  regiments.  Lieut.-Col.  Cofer,  in  com 
mand  of  the  Sixth,  after  I  took  command  of  the  brigade;  Maj.  Clark, 
of  the  same  regiment;  Maj.  Thompson,  in  command  of  the  Fourth, 
after  Col.  Nuckols  was  wounded ;  Capt.  Millet,  senior  captain,  acting 


220  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

field  officer,  of  the  same  regiment ;  and  Maj.  Nash,  in  command  of 
the  seven  companies  of  the  Forty-first  Alabama,  all  came  under  my 
observation.  In  each  I  remarked  constancy,  gallantry,  and  coolness. 
In  the  afternoon,  Col.  Stansil,  of  the  Forty-first;  Lieut.-Col.  Wick- 
liffe,  in  command  of  the  Ninth,  after  Col.  Caldwell  was  wounded: 
and  Capt.  Gillam,  acting  field  officer,  of  the  same  regiment,  attracted 
my  notice,  and  but  confirmed  the  good  account  I  had  of  them  in  the 
morning.  Capt.  Lee,  of  the  Second  Kentucky,  though  too  unwell  to 
endure  the  fatigue  throughout  the  day,  acted  as  field  officer  with  his 
accustomed  bravery  in  the  charges  made  by  the  left  in  the  morning. 

It  is  the  highest  praise  I  can  possibly  bestow  on  the  officers  of  the 
brigade,  to  say  they  proved  themselves,  in  nearly  every  case,  worthy 
of  their  commands. 

Of  the  staff  of  Brig.-Gen.  Helm,  I  take  pleasure  in  bearing  testi 
mony  in  behalf  of,  and  making  special  mention  of  Capt.  Fayette 
Hewitt,  assistant  adjutant-general.  As  soon  as  he  was  enabled  to  dc 
so,  he  reported  to  me,  and  throughout  the  entire  action,  after  the  death 
of  Gen.  Helm,  as  well  as  previous  thereto,  as  I  learn,  he  displayed 
coolness,  gallantry,  and  judgment. 

Capt.  G.  W.  McCawley,  assistant  inspector-general,  promptly  re 
ported  to  me  the  wounding  of  Gen.  Helm,  as  before  stated,  at  which 
time  I  got  from  him  his  horse,  not  having  my  own  with  me,  when  he 
returned  to  where  Gen.  Helm  was  wounded  and  remained  with  him. 
I  am  reliably  informed  that,  previous  thereto,  he  was  in  his  place  or 
the  left,  and  acted  bravely  and  efficiently. 

Capt.  Helm,  acting  commissary  of  subsistence,  though  not  compel 
led  to  do  so,  went  on  the  field  and  did  his  duty. 

Lieut.  William  Wallace  Herr,  aide-de-camp,  and  Lieut.  John  B. 
Pirtle,  acting  aide-de-camp,  reported  to  me  as  soon  as  the  necessary  at 
tention  to  their  wounded  general  allowed,  and  thereafter  acted  gal 
lantly  and  faithfully. 

I  inclose  the  several  reports  of  regimental  and  battery  commanders, 
together  with  a  list  of  killed  and  wounded. 

I  am,  very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

JOSEPH  H.  LEWIS, 
Colonel  Commanding  Helm 's  Brigade. 

The  Fifth  Kentucky  fought  at  Chickamauga  in  Kelley's  brigade  of 
Preston's  division,  and  of  course  is  not  noticed  in  the  preceding  re 
ports.  It  behaved  with  conspicuous  courage  and  steadiness  and 
received  honorable  mention  from  both  its  division  and  brigade  com 
manders.  A  number  of  the  officers  were  specially  commended  in  re 
ports.  The  following  report  of  Col.  Hiram  Hawkins,  commanding,  is 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  221 

uublished  here,  as  the  connection  of  the  Fifth  with  the  other  regiments 
of  the  brigade  began  substantially  with  this  battle  : 

HEADQUARTERS  FIFTH  KENTUCKY,          } 
NEAR  CHATTANOOGA,  October  20,  1863.  ) 

Lieut.  Mastin,  A.  A.  G.,  Kellers  Brigade: 

SIR  :  As  directed,  I  submit  the  following  report  of  the  operations  of 
my  command,  on  the  ipth  and  2oth  ultimo,  in  the  battle  of  Chicka- 
mauga: 

My  position  was  on  the  left  of  your  brigade,  in  line  of  battle  ready 
for  action  on  the  igth;  frequently  shelled  during  the  day. 

On  the  2oth,  marched  in  my  position  in  line  over  the  battlefield 
>ome  three  miles  (frequently  under  fire  and  in  range  of  shells  and  can 
ister  from  the  enemy's  guns),  when  we  came  up  to  the  enemy  in  strong 
position  on  a  range  of  hills.  We  were  immediately  ordered  to  charge. 
My  men  rushed  forward,  reserving  their  fire  until  within  a  very  short 
range,  and,  after  a  desperate  struggle,  drove  the  enemy  before  them, 
and  crossed  the  bridge  under  a  heavy  cross-fire  from  the  left  and  very 
direct,  and  a  cross-fire  from  the  right,  at  least  eighty  yards  in  advance 
:  f  the  brigade,  driving  the  enemy  from  my  front,  when  the  command 
:>n  my  left  rallied,  moved  forward,  and  drove  the  enemy  from  my  left. 
1  then  moved  by  the  right  flank  and  rejoined  my  brigade.  The  enemy, 
mil  firing  on  me  from  the  right,  soon  with  great  fury  assailed  my 
front.  I  ordered  my  command  forward,  swinging  a  little  to  the  right, 
and  again  drove  the  enemy  and  crossed  the  ridge  some  forty  paces  in 
advance  of  the  brigade,  and  nearly  silenced  the  fire  in  my  front,  and 
uas  directing  my  fire  to  the  right  when  part  of  Col.  Trigg's  command 
passed  to  my  left,  covering  part  of  my  front.  My  ammunition  being 
nearly  exhausted,  I  ordered  my  men  to  fall  back  and  rejoin  the  brig 
ade,  and  replenish  their  boxes  with  ammunition  from  the  dead  and 
wounded,  as  far  as  practicable. 

Col.  Palmer,  having  been  moved  from  the  right  to  the  left,  placed 
my  command  in  center  of  the  brigade,  which  was  ordered  forward  by 
the  colonel  commanding.  Changing  direction  to  the  right,  (it  then 
being  near  dusk),  we  moved  but  a  short  distance,  when  a  line  of  battle 
was  discovered  forty  to  sixty  yards  distant,  who  first  announced  that 
they  were  friends  and  then  that  they  surrendered.  Stealing  this  ad 
vantage,  they  treacherously  fired  upon  us,  killing  and  wounding  several 
of  my  men  and  officers.  Among  the  killed  was  Lieut.  Yates,  a  brave 
and  gallant  officer.  The  same  volley  shattered  the  leg  of  Capt.  Cal- 
vert,  who  has  since  died. 

My  men,  recovering  from  the  temporary  surprise  caused  by  the 
treachery,  reformed,  and,  with  fixed  bayonets,  advanced  on  the  enemy, 


222  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

joined  by  Maj.  French,  then  by  Col.  Palmer,  in  conjunction  with  Col. 
Trigg,  and  captured  two  regiments  of  the  enemy,  who  surrendered  to 
Col.  Trigg  during  Col.  Kelley's  temporary  absence.  As  the  column 
began  moving  with  the  prisoners  a  volley  was  fired  into  our  ranks, 
causing  a  good  deal  of  confusion,  it  then  being  nightfall.  Many 
of  the  prisoners  scattered.  Col.  Trigg's  command  moved  off,  leaving 
them.  They  would  have  made  their  escape  had  I  not  recaptured  them 
{249,  including  three  field  officers).  Moved  them  from  the  battle 
ground  and  turned  them  over  to  Lieut. -Col.  Wade,  except  the  three 
field  officers,  who  were  sent  by  Col.  Kelley  to  division  headquarters. 

My  loss  was  fourteen  killed  on  the  field,  seventy-five  wounded,  one 
captured,  and  one  missing. 

Maj.  Mynheir  fell  severely  wounded  while  urging  the  men  forward 
in  making  first  charge. 

Capt.  Jo  Desha  was  wounded  early  in  the  action  (shot  through  the 
arm  near  the  shoulder) ;  remained  on  the  field  with  his  company  until 
the  enemy  was  ours. 

Although  this  was  the  first  time,  with  few  exceptions,  that  my  officers 
or  men  were  under  fire,  they  behaved  with  becoming  gallantry  and 
courage,  never  faltering  when  ordered  forward. 

Lieut.-Col.  G.  W.  Conner  and  Adjt.  Thos.  B.  Cook  displayed  great 
gallantry  and  coolness,  and  deserve  honorable  mention. 

My  company  officers  and  men,  with  few  exceptions,  seemed  to  vie 
with  each  other  in  deeds  of  gallantry. 

Very  respectfully, 

H.  HAWKINS, 

Colonel  Commanding  Regiment. 

INCIDENTS  AND  ANECDOTES  :   FROM  MURFREESBORO'  TILL  AFTER  CHICK- 
AM  AUGA. 

I.  Danger  in  Loose  Orders. — We  are  indebted  to  a  member 
of  the  Ninth  Regiment  for  the  following  little  incident,  which  shows 
that  our  honored  corps  commander,  Gen.  Hardee,  entertained  an  idea 
that  when  danger  was  to  be  encountered,  orders  to  Col.  Hunt,  at  the 
head  of  Kentucky  soldiers,  should  be  cautiously  worded,  as,  in  case 
of  doubt,  he  would  be  sure  not  to  take  counsel  of  fear,  but  would 
make  things  clear  on  that  score,  be  the  hazard  what  it  might': 

While  the  brigade  was  at  Beech  Grove,  Gen.  Bragg  directed  Gen. 
Hardee  to  send  him  out  with  his  own  and  another  regiment  towards 
Murfreesboro',  with  orders  "to  proceed  as  far  as  he  possibly  could." 
Gen.  Hardee  transmitted  the  order,  as  in  duty  bound,  but  imme 
diately  rode  over  to  Gen.  Bragg's  headquarters,  and  told  him  that  it 
would  never  do  to  start  Hunt  with' those  Kentuckians  towards  Mur 
freesboro',  with  such  an  order  as  that,  "for  they  wouldn't  stop  this 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  223 

side  of  hell !  "  The  consequence  was,  that,  about  midnight,  while  the 
boys  were  busy  cooking  and  preparing  to  take  an  early  start  for  that 
uncertain  point,  the  order  was  countermanded. 

II.  The   Best  Drilled    Regiments  in  the   Army  of  Ten 
nessee. — At  Beech  Grove  there  was  a  beautiful  piece  of  grassy  bot 
tom  land  surrounded  by  smoothest  green  bluffs,  which  was  set  apart 
and  used  for  drilling  purposes  by  the  various  military  bodies  in  the 
vicinity.     On  this  drill  ground  about  the  middle  of  May  occurred  a 
grand  match  drill  between  the  First  Kentucky  Brigade,  commanded 
then  by  Col.  Trabue  and  the  First  Louisiana  Brigade,  commanded  by 
Gen.  Adams.     A  good  deal  of  friendly  rivalry  had  existed  between 
the  two  brigades,  and  all  things    being  propitious,   a  challenge  was 
given  and   accepted.     Each  brigade  had  the  same  number   of  regi 
ments,   (five),  and  these  were   to   match   each    other   according   to 
seniority,  the  contest  to  end  with  a  match  brigade  drill.  '  Col.  John 
C.  Brown,  afterward  Governor  of  Tennessee,  and  a  colonel,  whose  name 
[  have  forgotten,  were  chosen  judges,   and  Gen.   W.  J.  Hardee,  um 
pire.     The  day  appointed  for  the  first  contest  arrived,  and  large  num 
bers   of    the  citizens  in  the  country  round  about  assembled  on  the 
grassy  slopes,  overlooking  the  drill  field,  to  witness  what  was  to  be  to 
them  a  strange  spectacle — and  so  on  from  day  to  day.     The  boys,  ar 
rayed  in  their  best  uniforms,  and  officers  with  swords  flashing  in  the 
sunshine,  vied  with  each  other  in  precision  of  step  and  celerity  of 
movement  in  the  evolutions  taught  in  the   "  School  of  the  Battalion." 
The  contest  was  long  and  earnest,  and  finally  resulted  in  the  triumph 
of  each  of  the  Kentucky  regiments  over  its  competitor.     (The  Ninth 
Kentucky  was  deprived  of  trial  by  the  brigades  being  moved  before 
its  day  arrived,  but  it  would  have  won.)     The  victory  was  the  more 
gratifying   to   the    Kentuckians   because    of  the   excellency   of  their 
Louisiana  competitors;  for  there  was  no  other  body  of  troops  in  the 
western  army  which  rivaled  the  Louisiana  brigade  in  soldierly  accom 
plishments.     The  Fourth  Kentucky  Regiment,  commanded  by  Col. 
Joseph  P.  Nuckols,  was  pitted  against  the  Nineteenth  Louisiana  regi 
ment,  commanded  by  Col.  Von  Zinken,  a  Prussian  and  a  splendid  sol 
dier.     His  broken  English  on  the  drill-field  was  the  source  of  much 
amusement  to  the  boys.     The  intended  drill  between  the  two  brigades 
was  deferred  from  time  to  time,   and  finally   declared  off. — Thomas 
Owens,  (Fourth-  Kentucky). 

III.  Should  Have 'Stood  Pat.— Co.   H,   Sixth  Kentucky,  had 
among  its  non-commissioned  officers  James  M.  Lee,  of  Bullitt  County, 
who  was  a  wag,  a  good  soldier,  and  a  general  favorite.     This  story 
will  be  appreciated  by  gentlemen  who  have  indulged  in  a  certain  game 
sufficiently  to  understand  the  allusion  :     As  Gen.   Johnston's  troops 
were  returning  from  Big  Black  that  hot  July  day,  after  the  unsuccess- . 
ful  attempt  to  strike  Grant's  rear  before  he  could  compel  the  capitula 
tion  of  Pemberton  at  Vicksburg,  the  Kentucky  Brigade  was  marching 
-as  rapidly  as  possible  with  the  expectation  of  camping  somewhere  near 
Clinton.     The  sand  was  deep,  the  water  very  scarce,  (as  previously 
noticed) ;  and  as  the  men  struggled  forward,  enveloped  in  a  cloud  of 
dust,  and  almost  suffocated,  they  were  naturally  anxious  to  know,  from 
time  to  time,  something  about  how  far  the  hoped-for  resting-place  was 
yet  in  the  distance.     Meeting  a  citizen  riding  alongside  of  the  panting 


224  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

column,  some  one  in  hearing  of  Sergt.  Lee  asked  him  how  far  to 
Clinton.  "  Four  miles,"  was  the  answer.  Having  gone  some  dis 
tance  farther  they  met  another,  of  whom  the  same  man  asked  again 
how  far  to  Clinton.  "Six  miles,"  answered  this  one.  Jim  couldn't 
keep  silent  under  this,  but  yelled  out,  as  he  puffed  with  fatigue,  while 
his  eyes  lighted  up  with  a  momentary  interest  under  the  coating  of 
sand  which  had  settled  over  and  around  them  :  "  By  me  sowl,  Path- 
rick,"  (in  imitation  of  an  Irishman,  though  he  was  an  unadulterated 
native),  "by  me  sowl,  Pathrick,  why  didn't  ye  stand?  He's  raised 
you  two ! " 

IV.  After  Jackson:  In  Danger  of  Surfeit. — While  the  brigade 
was  at  Camp  Hurricane,  Miss.,  summer  of  1863,  a  considerable  part 
of  the  daily  ration  consisted  of  roasting  ears,  which  the  commissary 
procured  by  impressment  or  purchase  from  the  surrounding  plantations. 
This  would  have  answered  admirably  if  merely  additional  to  a  fair 
supply  of  other  food;  but  when  other  food  was  deficient  in  quantity 
and  quality,  and  even  the  roasting  ears,  though  in  excess  of  the  rest, 
had  to  be  doled  out,  the  reader  can  easily  conceive  that  the  food  was 
hardly  sufficient  to  keep  up  the  daily  and  nightly  supply  of  blood 
which  the  persistent  mosquito  took  not  only  without  leave  but  in  spite 
of  bitter  opposition.     As  usual,  however,  the  men  made  merry  over  it 
instead  of  cursing  their  hard  fate,  and  the  cry,  when  rations  had  to 
be  distributed,  was,  "  Come,  draw  your  corn  !  " — and  neighing  was  re 
sorted  to  as  a  reminder  that  they  were  hungry.     After  a  time  they  came 
to  complain  with  mock  earnestness  that  they  were  not  furnished  oats, 
hay,  or  fodder — they  were  in  danger  of  taking  the  equine  disease  of 
surfeit,  they  said,  for  want  of  "  long  forage." 

V.  How  They  Jollied  Kelley. — On  Johnston's  retreat  from  Jack 
son,  noticed  in  the  preceding  chapter,  the  Military  Court  of  the  army 
lost  orderlies  and  baggage,  and  at  Morton  the  fact  was  communicated 
to  Gen.  Hardee,  who  advised  that  inquiry  be  made  by  circular  letter 
through  the  commanders  of  divisions.     The  following  reached  the  head 
quarters  of  Gen.  Breckinridge : 

MORTON,  Miss,  July  28th,  1863. 

GENERAL  :  In  the  retreat  from  Jackson  the  wagon  and  orderlies  of 
the  Military  Court  of  this  army  became  separated  from  the  court,  and 
have  not  been  found.  At  the  suggestion  of  Gen.  Hardee,  I  respect 
fully  request  that  you  have  inquiry  made  for  them  through  the  limits 
of  your  command,  and  that,  if  found,  you  order  them  to  report  imme 
diately  to  the  court  at  Morton. 

Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

HENRY  B.  KELLEY, 
Colonel  and  Member  Military  Court. 

Thereupon  circular  letters  of  inquiry  were  issued  to  each  of  Breckin- 
ridge's  commanders,  who  sent  them  to  their  subordinates  to  be  indorsed 
with  such  information  as  they  might  be  able  to  give.  The  one  that 
reached  Gen.  Helm,  then  commanding  the  Kentucky  Brigade,  started 
from  his  headquarters  with  the  following  indorsement :  ' '  Has  anybody 
found  a  Military  Court  lying  around  loose  ?  " 

"FAYETTE  HEWITT,  A.  A.  G." 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  225 

The  regimental  commanders  also  made  merry  over  it,  and  it  came 
back  indorsed  as  follows  : 

"  If  this  court  understands  herself  (and  she  think  she  do),  she  haint 
seen  that  court. 

"JAMES  W.  HEWITT, 

" Lieutenant- Colonel  Commanding  Second  Kentucky  Infantry." 

"  Narry  sich  as  that  about  the  Fourth  Regiment. 

"JOHN  A.  ADAIR, 

"  Colonel  Commanding." 

"  I  hain't  neither  seen  nor  hearn  of  a  thing  like  that. 

"JOHN  W.  CALDWELL, 

' '  Colonel  Ninth  Regiment. " 

VI.  At  Chickamauga  :  Too  Big  a  Wood-Chopping  for  the 

Major. — At  one  time  during  the  battle,  as  the  brigade  was  pressing 
forward  under  fire,  some  troops  belonging  to  another  organization  were 
coming  back  helter-skelter  and  meeting  the  Second  Regiment,  having 
met  with  such  a  reception  from  the  Federal  advance  that  they  broke. 
Among  them  was  a  major  whose  appearance  indicated  that  he  was  act 
ing  on  the  plan  of  every  fellow  for  himself  and  let  the  enemy's  bullets 
take  the  hindmost.  He  came  plunging  towards  Col.  McDowell,  who 
threw  out  his  arms  and  caught  him  (hugged  him,  the  boys  said),  ex 
claiming,  "Hello,  major!  This  is  the  biggest  wood-chopping  you 
were  ever  at,  ain't  it?"  Old  soldiers  will  recall  how  the  term  wood- 
chopping  pretty  fairly  represents  the  repetition  of  volleys  following 
each  other  in  regular  and  pretty  close  succession. 

VII.  Supposing  a  Case. — During  the  heat  of  engagement  on  the 
second  day,  Sergt.  Wm.  W.  Franklin,  of  Co.  E,  Sixth  Kentucky,  dis 
covered  a  man  smartly  in  rear  of  the  line,  behind  a  tree,  where  his 
firing,  if  he  fired  at  all,  would  endanger  his  own  men.     This  man  had 
previously  made  it  apparent  that  he  "wanted  to  live  always,"  and 
Franklin  objected  to  favoring  him,  so  in  pursuance  of  his  duty  as  file 
•  loser,  he  ran  and  hauled  him  out,  ordering  him  in  no  gentle  terms  to 
get  into  line.      "Say!"  cried  the  fellow,    "  didn't  you  see  that  cannon 
ball?     Suppose  it  had  hit  me — it  would  have  killed  me!"     "Oh,  sup 
pose!"  replied  Franklin,  as  he  drew  him  into  place,   "suppose  you 
were  a  pig,  rooting  in  a  potato  patch ;  but  you're  not ! " 

VIII.  Spoilt    His    Beauty    and    Enraged    Him. — Konshatt- 
ountzchette,  or   Flying  Cloud,  of  Co.  H,  Ninth  Kentucky,  the  Mo- 
l.awk  Indian  chief  who  seemed  to  have  chosen  the  life  of  a  soldier  of 
fortune,  was  a  handsome  man — tall  and  symmetrical,  with  fairly  good 
features.     Occasionally  he  seemed  to  tire  of  conforming  wholly  to 
white  men's  ways,  and  would  stalk  about  camp  with  his  blanket  over 
his  shoulders  and  drawn   about  him   Indian  fashion,  and  wearing  a 
head-gear  of  band  and  feathers.     Being  something  of  a  curiosity  and 
a  good    soldier    withal,   he  was  a  favorite    with   the   Southern    peo 
ple    wherever   he    chanced   to    make    acquaintances,    and   was   evi 
dently  a  little  vain  of  the  attention  bestowed  upon  him  by  ladies.     At 
Chickamauga,  he  was  so  dreadfully  wounded  in  the  face — a  consider 
able  portion  of  the  upper  jaw  being  carried  away — that  his  features 


226  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

became  distorted  and  his  aspect  rather  hideous,  and  this  seems  to  have 
enraged  him.  It  was  long  before  he  was  able  to  rejoin  the  command, 
but  when  he  did  so  he  manifested  such  a  savage  hatred  of  Federal  sol 
diers  that  it  was  deemed  unsafe  to  entrust  a  prisoner  to  him,  a  responsi 
bility  which  he  seemed  to  court. 

IX.  The  Sang  Diggers. — Before    the   battle  of   Chickamauga, 
and  while  the  Fifth  Kentucky  belonged  to  Kelley's  Brigade,  the  men 
of  the  other  Kentucky  regiments  occasionally  saw  it,  and  had  their 
flings  at  what  they  considered  a  newer  and  less  experienced  organiza 
tion.     There  were  jokes    about  their  hurting  themselves  with  army 
rifles  and  bayonets;  they  were  squirrel  hunters,  butternuts,  etc.,  and 
as  most  of  them  were  from  the  mountain  sections  where  ginseng  at  one 
time  constituted  a  sort  of  staple  of  barter,   they  were  dubbed  Sang 
Diggers.     After  Chickamauga,  however,  where  the  Fifth  Regiment, 
officers  and  men,  behaved  like  heroes  of  a  hundred  fights,  the  vete 
rans  gladly  welcomed  them  as  members  of  the  brigade,  and  took  them 
into  full  fellowship — the  regiment  being  now  transferred  from  Kelley 
to  Lewis.     Most  of  them  had  really  seen  much  service;   but  Chicka 
mauga  was  to  them  as  to   the  major  whom  Col.  McDowell  moment 
arily  checked,  "the  biggest  wood-chopping  they  had  ever  been  at," 
and  here  they  proved  themselves  to  be  as  good  as  the  best.     The  term 
Sang  Digger,  however,  stuck,  because  it  seemed  to  strike  the  brave 
fellows  themselves  as  being  a  good  sort  of  designation ;  and  to  this  day 
the  survivors  recognize  it  as  their  own.   They  made  it  be  an  honorable 
title. 

X.  A  Passage  at  Arms  with   Gen.   Breckinridge. — While 
Bragg  was  maneuvering  for  position,  preceding  the  battle  of  Chicka 
mauga,  Breckinridge's  division  was  encamped  one  day  near  a  well- 
inclosed  field,  and  its  owner  asked  that  its  fences  be  spared.     An 
order  was  issued  accordingly;  but  soon  another  order  came  to  prepare 
three  days'  rations  within  a  prescribed  short  time.     The  Kentuckians 
were  poorly  supplied  with  axes,  and  no  suitable  wood  was  in  reach ; 
so,  considering  the  last  order  so  imperative  as  to  supersede  the  first, 
they  promptly  pounced  on  the  fence  and  made  the  necessary  fires. 
The  citizen  reported  at  headquarters  and  Gen.  Breckinridge  rode  down 
to  the  bivouac  in  a  white  heat  and  scolded,  in  rather  unmeasured 
terms,  calling  the  men,  as  they  thought,  "a  lot  of  vagabonds  and 
thieves."     This  was  too  much  for  the  Kentuckians.     They  thought  the 
exigences  of  the  case  justified  the  destruction  of  the  fence,  and  they 
were  angry — and  they  nursed  their  anger  until  late  in  the  afternoon  of 
the  second  day  of  the  battle  which  soon  occurred.     When  the  brigade 
had  made  its  last  charge  and  taken  the  fine  battery  near  the  road  which 
they  struck  when  they  went  over  the  Federal  position,  some  of  them 
ran  one  of  the  guns  forward,  and  just  as  Gen.  Breckinridge  and  staff 
reached  that  point,  elated  over  the  victory  and  congratulating  the  men, 
Eph  Smith,  of  the  Fourth  Kentucky,  sprang  astride  one  of  the  can 
nons,  swung  his  cap  over  his  head,  and  cried  out:     "Gen.  Breckin 
ridge,    see  what  your  thieves  and  vagabonds  have  stolen ! "     This 
brought  the  General  to  a  standstill  and  a  shade  to  his  brow,  and  he 
rejoined:     "  My  brave  boys, — you  misunderstood  me !     I  didn't  say 
it.     I  said  that  people  would  consider  you  thieves  and  vagabonds!" 
That  was  enough.     Breckinridge  resumed  his  place  in  their  affections. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  227 


CHAPTER  XI. 

AT  MISSION  RIDGE  AND  TYNER's  STATION. BATTLE  OF  MISSION  RIDGK.  — 

RETREAT  TO  DALTON. INCIDENTS  AND  ANECDOTES. 

After  the  fighting  had  ceased  on  the  2oth,  as  noticed  in  the  preced 
ing  chapter,  the  command  bivouacked  in  line,  a  little  in  advance  of 
the  scene  of  the  last  engagement.  Next  morning  skirmishers  were 
thrown  out,  and  the  fact  that  the  enemy  had  retired  to  Chattanooga 
became  certainly  known.  The  day  was  spent  in  collecting  and  at 
tending  to  the  wounded,  by  details  sent  out  for  that  purpose,  till  late  in 
the  afternoon,  when  the  main  body  moved  to  within  five  miles  of  Chat 
tanooga,  leaving  a  detail  to  bury  the  dead.  Next  day,  September  2^d, 
the  division  marched  over  Mission  Ridge,  and  lay  on  arms  that  night. 
It  was  confidently  believed  that  the  Federal  works  would  be  stormed 
during  the  night,  or  next  morning,  but  the  troops  were  withdrawn  dur 
ing  the  24th,  to  a  position  a  little  back  over  the  crest  of  Mission  Ridge, 
two  or  three  miles  from  Chattanooga.  Here  a  weary,  monotonous, 
r.nd  disagreeable  period  of  two  months  was  passed.  The  only  shelter 
was,  in  most  instances,  a  blanket  stretched  up  in  the  manner  of  a  tent- 
fly,  while  cold  autumnal  rains  were  frequent.  Indeed,  rainy,  damp, 
and  chilly  weather  prevailed  nearly  the  whole  time,  and  the  gloom  was 
oppressive.  And  generally,  too,  the  poorest  quality  of  food  was 
issued,  and  in  quantities  that  scarcely  served  to  prevent  the  absolute 
gnawings  of  hunger.  In  this  condition,  the  Army  of  Tennessee,  in 
the  main,  passed  the  entire  period  intervening  between  the  24th  of 
September  and  the  battle  of  Mission  Ridge  ;  but  the  Kentuckians,  hap 
pily  for  them,  escaped  more  than  a  month  of  this  extreme  hardship  at 
the  front.  Chickamauga  Station  had  been  made  a  depot  of  supplies 
for  the  troops  in  the  field,  and  the  brigade  was  sent  back  to  Tyner's 
Station,  at  convenient  distance  from  Chickamauga,  to  guard  the  public 
stores  from  destruction  by  either  secret  enemies  or  raiding  parties  of 
Federal  cavalry.  The  entire  brigade  went  into  camp  at  Tyner's  Sta 
tion,  on  the  2  rst  of  October,  whence  a  regular  guard,  consisting  of 
daily  details  from  each  regiment,  was  constantly  on  duty  at  Chicka 
mauga  till  the  i  yth  of  November,  when  Col.  Cofer  was  appointed  to 
the  command  of  the  post  at  that  place  by  Bragg,  his  own  regiment  to 
act  as  a  special  guard,  and  the  Sixth  was  accordingly  detached,  and 
toc-k  up  quarters  near  the  latter  depot.  At  both  Tyner's  and  Chicka- 
mnuga  considerable  preparations  were  made  for  protection  against  the 


228  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

inclemencies  of  the  weather.  The  few  tents  that  had  been  collected 
were  supplied  with  simple  chimneys  (in  the  building  of  which  the 
men  had  now  become  adepts),  while  those  who  could  not  be  furnished 
with  tents  erected  cabins,  which  were  destined  to  serve  them  for  but 
a  brief  period,  though  sufficiently  comfortable  for  the  coming  winter. 

Gen.  Helm  having  fallen,  Col.  Lewis,  who  was  not  only  senior,  but 
had  won  an  enviable  reputation  for  gallantry  and  the  most  unfaltering 
devotion  to  the  cause,  had  been  promoted  to  brigadier-general,  and  as 
signed  to  the  permanent  command  of  the  brigade.  His  staff,  as  an 
nounced  on  the  4th  of  October,  consisted  of — Capt.  Fayette  Hewitt, 
A.  A.  G.;  Lieut.  Sam.  H.  Buchanan,  A.  I.  G. ;  Maj.  John  R.  Viley, 
Chief  Quartermaster;  Maj.  S.  M.  Moorman,  Chief  Commissary ;'  Lieut. 
Lewis  E.  Payne,  Ordnance  Officer,  and  Lieut.  H.  Clay  McKay,  Aide- 
de-camp. 

Lieut.  Buchanan  had  been  recommended  for  promotion,  and  was 
afterward  made  Captain  and  A.  A.  G.;  but  he  long  continued  to  dis 
charge  the  duties  of  inspector,  while  Capt.  Hewitt,  an  assistant  adju 
tant-general,  P.  A.,  C.  S.,  performed  the  legitimate  service  of  his 
department  in  connection  with  the  Kentucky  Brigade.  Maj.  Vile} 
was  assigned  to  the  staff  of  Gen.  Bate  in  December,  when  Capt.  Wil 
liam  S.  Phillips,  of  the  Fourth  Regiment,  was  made  chief  quartermas. 
ter,  and  retained  that  position  till  the  close  of  the  war.  During  mos: 
of  the  time  after  Gen.  Lewis  assumed  command,  Maj.  Moorman  was 
absent  on  sick  leave  or  post  duty,  and  in  such  absence  Lieut.  D.  C. 
Hughes  was  the  acting  chief  commissary  till  Capt.  Helm  was  assigned 
to  that  duty.  And  afterward,  in  the  absence  of  Helm,  Lieut.  Fletcher 
Thompson  was  chief  in  that  department  of  brigade. 

About  this  period  an  order  was  issued  from  the  War  Department 
providing  for  organizing  the  troops  of  the  various  States  in  separate 
commands,  as  far  as  possible,  instead  of  the  promiscuous  arrangement 
heretofore  existing.  During  the  autumn  and  winter  a  number  of  indi 
vidual  Kentuckians,  who  had  been  serving  elsewhere,  were  added, 
by  transfer  under  this  order,  to  the  different  regiments  of  Lewis'  br  - 
gade. 

At  Tyner's  Station,  November  5,  1863,  the  Fifth  Regiment  Ker- 
tucky  Infantry  was  transferred  from  Kelley's  Brigade,  Buckner's  corps, 
to  Gen.  Lewis,  taking  the  place  of  the  Forty-first  Alabama,  which  was 
tranferred  to  the  brigade  of  Gen.  Gracie. 

Some  account  of  the  recruiting  and  organization  of  the  Fifth  Regi 
ment  will  be  found  in  the  biographical  sketch  of  Col.  Hawkins.  An 
account  of  the  various  field  and  staff  officers  of  the  first  organization 
may  be  seen  elsewhere  in  this  work,  and  in  the  same  connection  the 
field,  staff,  and  line  officers  of  the  regiment  after  its  reorganization  in 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  229 

the  autumn  of  1862.  During  the  first  year  of  the  war  it  did  constant 
arduous  service  in  the  Department  of  East  Kentucky  and  West  Ten 
nessee,  and  a  detachment  of  it  fought  at  Ivy  Mountain  in  the  autumn 
of  1 86 1.  The  entire  regiment  took  a  prominent  part  in  the  battle  of 
Middle  Creek,  Kentucky,  January,  1862,  and,  indeed,  in  all  the 
operations  of  Gen.  Humphrey  Marshall's  trying  winter  campaign  at 
that  period.  At  the  battle  of  Princeton,  Virginia,  in  which  the  Fed 
erals,  under  Brig. -Gen.  Cox,  were  defeated,  the  Fifth  Kentucky 
played  a  conspicuous  part,  and,  indeed,  virtually  achieved  the  victory 
by  one  rapid  and  irresistible  charge.  We  copy  the  following,  from  an 
account  of  the  engagement  which  has  fortunately  fallen  into  our 
h.inds  :  "  In  May,  1862,  Gen.  Marshall's  command  moved  up  to  Jef- 
fersonville,  Virginia,  and  about  a  month  afterward  defeated  a  Federal 
force  at  Princeton.  Gen.  John  S.  Williams  was  in  command  of  the 
advance,  consisting  of  the  Fifth  Kentucky,  Twenty-ninth  Virginia, 
and  Fifty-fourth  Virginia  Infantry,  and  a  battalion  of  mounted  men. 
Y\  hen  the  battalion  developed  the  position  of  the  enemy,  Gen.  Wil 
liams  ordered  a  halt,  and  directed  the  Fifth  Kentucky  to  take  the  front 
of  the  infantry  force,  (another  regiment  being  front  in  the  order  of 
march,)  thus  giving  it  the  post  of  honor  and  of  danger.  Two  com 
panies  were  formed  on  the  left  of  the  road — Col.  May  moving  down 
aid  directing  the  two  thus  formed,  while  the  remaining  eight  were 
formed  on  the  right  of  the  road,  under  Col.  Hawkins,  and  confront 
ing  the  main  force  of  the  enemy.  At  the  proper  command,  the  Fifth 
Kentucky  charged  forward  and  drove  the  Federals  from  every 
position  in  such  rapid  succession  that  the  other  regiments  did  not  get 
up  in  time  to  fire  a  gun  until  they  had  been  driven  into  the  limits  of 
the  town,  a  distance  of  nearly  four  miles." 

After  the  order  of  Marshall,  mustering  out  such  of  his  twelve 
months'  troops  as  desired  it,  the  ranks  were  again  filled,  as  noticed  in 
the  sketch  of  Hawkins,  and  a  new  organization  took  place  on  the  i8th 
of  November,  1862.  From  this  time,  it  continued  on  duty  in  the  De 
partment  of  East  Kentucky  and  West  Virginia  till  July,  1863,  when  it 
left  Abingdon  with  the  other  troops  of  Preston,  and  joined  Buckner  at 
Knoxville,  in  whose  corps  it  remained  until  November,  1863,  partici 
pating  in  the  battle  of  Chickamauga,  when,  as  we  have  seen,  it  was 
transferred  to  and  became  a  part  of  the  Kentucky  Brigade — in  which 
no  other  organic  changes  took  place,  these  five  regiments  surrender 
ing  together  at  the  close  of  the  war. 

For  the  gallant  manner  in  which  the  Fifth  Regiment  demeaned  itself 
at  Chickamauga,  during  the  desperate  fighting  of  Buckner's  corps,  the 
reader  is  referred  to  reports  on  preceding  pages,  where  he  will  also 
find  some  striking  facts  connected  with  the  final  assault  upon  the  stub- 


230  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

born  Thomas,  which,  if  more  generally  known,  would  redound  greatly 
to  the  honor  of  the  Kentucky  soldiers  engaged  on  that  momentous 
day,  and  of  the  Kentucky  generals  commanding  them  and  other 
troops.  Buckner,  immediately  after  the  sanguinary  but  successful 
conflict  of  Preston's  division,  rode  out  beyond  the  enemy's  works,  and 
to  the  right,  just  in  time  to  get  a  glimpse,  in  the  deepening  twilight, 
of  Breckinridge's  division  already  over  the  works  of  the  last  Federal 
force  between  Thomas'  position  and  the  Chattanooga  road,  and  the 
battle  closed  with  the  magnificent,  we  might  say,  unsurpassed  fighting 
of  these  commands. 

On  the  evening  of  the  23d  of  November,  after  Grant  had  begun  un 
mistakably  to  show  his  intention  to  move  on  Bragg's  position,  the  Ken 
tucky  Brigade  (with  the  exception  of  the  Sixth  Regiment,  left  to  guard 
Chickamauga  and  remove  stores  in  case  of  accident,)  marched  to  Mis* 
sion  Ridge,  and  bivouacked  near  the  point  which  it  had  occupied  pre 
vious  to  its  removal  to  Chickamauga.  Next  day,  it  was  moved  some 
what  farther  to  the  left,  and  began  the  preparation  of  breastworks. 
Before  day,  on  the  morning  of  the  25th,  it  was  again  moved,  and  this 
time  to  the  extreme  right,  as  a  support  to  Gen.  Cleburne.  When  the 
engagement  began  that  day,  the  Kentucky  Brigade  was  marched  from 
one  part  of  Cleburne's  line  to  another,  as  danger  threatened,  with  the 
exception  of  the  Ninth  Regiment,  which  was  formed  on  the  right  of 
Smith's  brigade,  of  Cleburne's  division,  to  occupy  open  space  between 
him  and  Gen.  Liddell.  The  Federals  advanced  on  this  regiment,  un 
protected  by  works  of  any  kind,  but  were  repulsed,  with  a  loss  to  the 
Ninth  of  three  men  wounded.  The  other  regiments,  though  under 
fire,  were  not  closely  engaged,  as  Cleburne's  division  held  its  own,  as 
usual.  A  desperate  charge  was  made  on  Gen.  Smith,  just  on  the  left 
of  the  Ninth  Regiment,  late  in  the  afternoon,  but  the  enemy,  five  lines 
deep,  was  repulsed  with  great  loss. 

But  during  the  day  the  Federal  forces  succeeded  in  turning  the  left, 
and  late  in  the  evening  broke  the  center,  and  the  retreat  to  Dalton  be 
gan.  Cleburne's  division,  to  which  the  Kentucky  Brigade  was  now 
attached,  and  with  which  it  remained  till  they  reached  Dalton,  was 
perfectly  in  hand,  and  fell  back  in  excellent  order,  rendering  import 
ant  service  in  covering  the  retreat,  and  punishing  the  enemy  whenever 
he  came  near  enough.  Several  skirmishes  took  place  during  the 
26th,  as  Cleburne  moved  so  leisurely  that  it  was  dark  before  he  had 
reached  the  little  town  of  Graysville.  He  suffered  little  loss,  however, 
of  men  or  munitions,  while  he  inflicted  great  loss  on  the  enemy  at 
Ringgold  by  masking  batteries  at  a  point  from  which  they  swept  down 
the  railroad,  on  which  a  strong  column  was  advancing.  No  casualties 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  .  231 

whatever  occurred  in  the  Kentucky  Brigade,  though  at  one  time  a 
battery,  just  in  the  rear  of  it,  was  ambushed  and  fired  into. 

The  brigade  lost  its  battery  on  the  evening  of  the  25th,  when  the 
Confederate  center  was  compelled  to  give  way,  but  it  was  through  no 
fault  of  Kentuckians,  as  it  had  been  detached  and  was  at  no  time  dur 
ing  the  day  dependent  upon  them  for  support. 

The  Confederate  rear  reached  Dalton  on  the  28th  of  November, 
the  main  body  of  the  Federals  retired  into  the  valley  of  Chattanooga ; 
and  soon  the  infantry  and  artillery  of  both  armies  were  quietly  settled 
in  winter  quarters,  while  the  cavalry  forces  watched  each  other  on  the 
outposts,  and  disturbed  the  general  stillness  by  an  occasional  skirmish 
or  a  raid. 


INCIDENTS  AND  ANECDOTES. 

I.  "Where's  Our  Battery  ?"— At  no  time  after  he  set  out  on 
his  Kentucky  campaign,   leaving  the  Kentuckians  in  Mississippi,  was 
Gen.  Bragg  in  favor  with  them  ;  and  matters  grew  worse  with  each  suc 
ceeding  failure  of  his  to  avail  himself  of  the  fruits  of  victory,  which  it 
cost  them  so  many  of  the  bravest  and  best  to  win.     It  was  a  lack  of 
true   generalship    for   which    he  himself    severely  condemned    Gen. 
Iteauregard  after  the  battle  of  Shiloh.     At  Mission  Ridge   the  Ken 
tucky  Battery  (Cobb's),  commanded  by  Lieut.  Frank  P.  Gracey  after 
("apt.  Cobb's  promotion  to  be  chief  of  artillery  for  division,  was  de 
tached  from  the  brigade  and  placed  in  position  near  Bragg's  head 
quarters.     It  was  supported  by  troops  that   had  hitherto  conducted 
themselves  well  on  every  field,  but  were  now  among  the  first  to  give  way 
before  the  Federal  advance.     The  battery  thus  fell  into  the  hands  of 
the  enemy,  while  the  men  who  would  have  defended  it  as  long  as  there 
was  a  charge  to  fire  or  room  to  handle  a  bayonet  were  far  on  the  right, 
and  ignorant  of  its  peril.     Lieut.  Gracey  stood  to  his  guns,  fightingtill 
the  whole  line  was  abandoned,  and  then  walked  off,  slow  and  sullen. 
The  men  of  the  brigade  had  regarded  the  cannons  composing  the  bat 
tery,  which  had  been  with  them  so  long,  with  a  species  of  attachment 
amounting  almost  to  affection,  and  had  even  bestowed  upon  two  of 
them  the  pet  names  of  Lady  Buckner  and  Lady  Breckinridge.     The 
abuse  that  was  heaped  upon  those  who  lost  them  was  perhaps  out  of 
proportion  to  the  offense.       The  Kentuckians  believed  themselves  in- 
c  ipable  of  being  routed  from  breast-wcrks,  even  of  the  slightest  kind, 
when  their  battery  was  to  be  defended,  without  leaving  bloody  evidences 
to  show  that  there  had  been  a  fight.     Bragg  came  in  for  his  share  of 
blame  for  entrusting  it  to  other  troops;  and  the  story  was  current  that 
they  were  so  angered  that  as  he  passed  a  part  of  the  command  next 
day  they  hooted  and  otherwise  manifested  disrespect,  and  asked  what 
he  had  done  with  their  battery.  A  sight  of  those  who  had  been  placed 
to  support,   but   had   abandoned  it,    was   sure  to   result  in  cries  of 
"  Where's  our  battery  ?  "     "  What  did  you  do  with  our  battery  ?  " 

II.  What  Jim   Lee  Thought  of  Bragg  as   a   Strategist.— 
Shortly  after  the  battle  of  Mission  Ridge,  the  conversation  around  the 


232  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

camp-fire  of  Sergt.  Lee's  mess  at  Dalton  turned  one  night  on  religious 
subjects,  and  some  one  mentioned  that  Gen.  Bragg  was  a  member  of 
one  of  the  Protestant  churches,  whereupon  Jim  ejaculated,  "What 
the  devil's  the  use  of  that?  If  Bragg  were  now  safe  in  heaven,  he'd 
fall  back  in  less  than  three  days  for  a  better  position !  " 

III.  A  Remarkable  Incident. — In  the  latter  part  of  September, 
1863,  while  we  lay  at  the  foot  of  Mission  Ridge,  a  singular  train  of 
circumstances  brought  to  my  knowledge  the  fact  that  I  had  a  brother 
in  the  Federal  army  then  occupying  Chattanooga.  It  happened  about 
that  time  that  Bragg,  having  in  mind  a  scheme — not  now  necessary  to 
mention — required  from  Gen.  Breckinridge  a  man  from  each  of  his 
Kentucky  regiments  for  voluntary  service  in  the  furtherance  of  his 
said  scheme. 

It  was  my  fortune  to  be  chosen  from  the  Fourth  Regiment. 

I  have  the  relics  of  the  pass  given  me  by  Bragg  on  that  occasion, 
which  I  value  highly  as  a  memento  of  the  war.  I  translate  it,  as  a  part 
of  the  writing  is  gone : 

"  MISSION  RIDGE,  Oct.  7,  1863. 

"Sergt.  Thomas  Owens,  Fourth  Kentucky,  has  permission  to  pass 
our  line  of  pickets  and  hold  intercourse  with  the  enemy.  The  officer 
to  whom  this  is  shown  will  keep  it  secret. 

"W.  W.  MACK  ALL, 

"  Chief  of  Staff." 

Having  received  passes,  we  went  down  to  the  picket  lines  and  hap 
pened  to  strike  that  part  of  the  Federal  line  where  my  brother  was 
doing  duty.  By  tacit  agreement  of  the  pickets  on  both  sides  there  was 
no  firing;  and  the  boys  met  and  mingled  together  in  a  very  friendly 
manner.  After  giving  the  signal — the  waving  of  a  newspaper — I  met 
half  way  between  the  lines  a  lieutenant  of  the  Tenth  Ohio,  who, 
hearing  from  some  one  that  I  had  a  brother  wearing  the  blue,  went 
back  to  his  own  lines,  hunted  up  my  brother,  and  brought  him  out  to 
me.  Up  to  that  time  neither  of  us  knew  that  the  other  was  in  service 
on  either  side.  As  may  be  supposed,  the  meeting  was  a  happy  one. 
We  remained  together  that  day  and  the  next  two  days,  objects  of  great 
curiosity  to  the  boys  on  both  sides.  The  singularity  of  the  circum 
stance  was  enhanced  by  the  coincidence  that  I  was  a  sergeant  in  Co. 
I,  Fourth  Kentucky  Regiment,  C.  S.  A.,  while  he  was  a  sergeant  in 
Co.  I,  Fourth  Kentucky  Regiment,  U.  S.  A.  I  am  carrying  a  watch 
now  which  he  gave  me  on  that  occasion.  I  may  add  that  we  are  both 
living,  and  quite  recently  he  spent  a  number  of  days  at  my  house. — 
Thomas  Owens,  {Fourth  Kentucky). 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  233 


CHAPTER  XII. 

THE  ARMY    IN   WINTER    QUARTERS  AT   DALTON. — INCIDENTS  AND  ANEC 
DOTES. 

The  condition  of  the  army  in  general  was  now  deplorable  ;  but  the 
Kentucky  troops  had  maintained  their  morale  admirably,  notwithstand 
ing  the  sore  disappointments  and  privations  of  the  last  four  months ; 
and  they  went  into  winter  quarters  in  fair  condition  as  to  health  and 
spirits,  though,  in  common  with  others,  poorly  provided  with  food, 
clothing  and  camp  equipage.  It  has  been  maintained  with  much  show 
of  reason  that  want  of  even  the  ordinary  comforts  to  which  the  Army 
of  Tennessee  had  hitherto  been  accustomed  had  more  to  do  with  the 
loss  of  Mission  Ridge  and  the  giving  up  of  Tennessee  than  the  skill, 
courage  and  superior  numbers  of  the  enemy ;  and  it  is  unquestionable 
that  a  state  of  demoralization  now  existed  to  which  it  had  hitherto 
been  a  stranger. 

Bragg  was  relieved  soon  after  reaching  Dalton,  and  to  other  hands 
was  entrusted  the  work  of  restoring  its  broken  strength  and  rekindling 
its  spirit.  It  is  said  that  the  permanent  command  was  tendered  to 
Gen.  Hardee,  who  modestly,  but  firmly,  declined  to  accept  it.  He 
assumed  temporary  command  on  the  3d  of  December,  and  labored 
successfully  in  gathering  up  the  scattered  fragments  and  reorganizing, 
or,  rather,  restoring  order,  and  rendering  them  available.  On  the  ayth 
of  December  he  was  returned  to  the  command  of  his  old  corps,  and 
Gen.  Johnston  took  immediate  charge  of  the  army.  The  scope  of  our 
subject  forbids  that  we  should  enter  into  a  minute  description  of  the 
change  that  was  wrought  by  this  wonderful  man,  or  the  means  employed 
to  effect  it.  From  that  time  until  he  was  relieved,  near  Atlanta,  the 
Army  of  Tennessee  grew  and  strengthened.  Even  after  seventy  days' 
fighting,  on  the  i8th  of  July,  when  Gen.  Hood  took  command,  its 
strength  was  not  impaired,  and  its  spirit  was  wholly  unaffected — in 
deed,  the  men  seemed  to  grow  more  and  more  confident  that  Gen. 
Johnston  would  yet  prove  the  destruction  of  Sherman  and  his  appar 
ently  overwhelming  host. 

Life  at  Dalton,  during  that  winter  of  1863-4,  had  many  phases 
peculiar  to  soldiers  long  established  in  quarters ;  but  it  would  be  im 
possible,  even  if  consistent  with  the  plan  of  the  work,  to  describe  in 
any  reasonable  space  the  employments  and  diversions,  the  scenes  and 


234  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

incidents,  relating  to  the  Kentucky  Brigade  alone.     This  period  is 
therefore  only  briefly  sketched. 

In  February,  1864,  Gen.  Breckinridge  was  assigned  to  the  com 
mand  of  some  troops  in  Virginia,  and  Maj.-Gen.  William  B.  Bate,  of 
Tennessee,  was  placed  in  command  of  Breckinridge's  old  division. 
The  men  of  the  Kentucky  Brigade  were  loath  to  part  with  their  own 
major-general,  and  made  earnest  and  repeated  requests  that  they  might 
accompany  him  to  the  Army  of  Virginia;  but,  owing,  as  it  was  said, 
to  Gen.  Johnston's  high  estimate  of  the  command,  and  his  determina 
tion  not  to  part  with  it  if  he  could  possibly  retain  it,  the  request  was 
never  acceded  to,  and  the  campaign  of  1864  was  made  under  Bate. 
Breckinridge  himself,  in  a  speech  at  the  house  of  Mrs.  Anderson,  in 
Dalton,  where  they  had  collected  one  night  to  hear  what  he  had  to  say 
about  taking  them  along,  told  them  that  they  themselves  were  the  sole 
cause  of  being  retained  in  the  Army  of  Tennessee,  as  their  good 
marching,  great  endurance,  and  gallant  fighting  had  given  them  a  posi 
tion  there  that  would  be  hard  for  any  other  brigade  to  fill. 

About  the  2oth  of  February,  Gen.  Hardee  was  detached,  with  most 
of  his  corps,  to  assist  Gen.  Polk  against  Sherman,  in  Mississippi;  and 
on  the  23d,  Gen.  Thomas,  probably  misinformed  as  to  the  extent  to 
which  Gen.  Johnston  had  reduced  his  forces,  advanced  to  Ringgold, 
and  on  the  24th  drove  in  the  Confederate  outposts.  Johnston  met  him 
promptly,  and  on  the  25th  some  skirmishing  took  place  at  Millcreek 
Gap  and  Crow  Aralley,  east  of  Rocky  Face  Mountain,  in  which  the 
Confederates  were  successful.  A  Federal  force  had  succeeded,  how 
ever,  in  getting  possession  of  Dug  Gap,  but  on  the  morning  of  the 
26th,  Gen.  Granbury  drove  them  from  that  point.  On  the  night  of 
the  26th,  Thomas  withdrew  his  forces;  and  on  the  28th,  the  Confed 
erates  reoccupied  their  cabins  around  Dalton.  The  Kentucky  Brigade 
had  been  posted  in  defensive  attitude  at  Rocky  Face  Gap  and  on  the 
ridge  overlooking  it,  but  was  not  at  any  time  closely  engaged,  though 
one  man  of  the  Fourth  Regiment  was  killed  by  the  enemy's  fire. 

The  army  now  lay  quiet,  in  the  main,  until  about  the  last  of  April, 
when  the  enemy  began  to  press  back  the  Confederate  cavalry,  on  the 
Ringgold  road,  and  on  the  5th  of  May  the  Federal  army  was  in  line 
between  Ringgold  and  Tunnel  Hill,  skirmishing  with  Johnston's 
advance. 

INCIDENTS    AND    ANECDOTES  :    AT  DALTON. 

I.  Outwitting  Col.  Gofer. — At  Dalton  the  Orphans  enjoyed  al 
most  uninterrupted  rest  and  relaxation,  as  has  already  been  inti 
mated,  from  about  the  first  of  December,  1863,  to  May  7,  1864,  more 
than  five  months,  the  longest  by  far  in  all  their  experience.  The 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  235 

stories  of  their  conduct  during  that  time  would  fill  a  volume.  Coming 
from  Mission  Ridge,  where  starvation  and  general  discomfort  in 
Bragg's  army  were  no  mean  factors  in  losing  the  battle,  they  went  into 
winter  quarters  with  tightened  belts,  in  other  words,  hungry,  and  but 
for  a  reasonable  indulgence  in  "  prowling,"  as  they  expressed  it,  there 
would  have  been  almost  unrelieved  sameness  in  their  bill  of  fare. 
Even  "blue  beef,"  bad  as  that  was,  was  not  abundant,  and  "grits," 
(cracked  corn),  though  in  fair  quantity  was  of  miserable  quality.  The 
men  were  not  so  conscienceless  as  to  forage  on  the  country  without  re 
gard  to  the  rights  of  the  citizens;  but  the  public  stores  were  their  own, 
at  least  in  part,  and  it  was  not  difficult  for  them  to  conceive  that  quar 
termasters  and  commissaries  did  not  always  do  the  best  by  them. 
Another  ground  of  complaint  was  the  disadvantage  of  being  so  re 
moved  from  home  and  friends  that  even  occasional  shipments  of  food 
and  clothing  to  eke  out  government  issues  were  out  of  the  question. 
The  consequence  was  that  close  watch  had  to  be  kept  on  depots  of 
supplies,  and  on  loaded  trains ;  but  with  all  the  precautions  taken  by  the 
authorities,  the  boldness  and  ingenuity  of  the  men  frequently  made 
"  trouble  in  the  land,"  while  the  mess  Jables  of  the  poor  Orphans  were 
not  always  suggestive  of  starvation. 

Col.  Cofer  was  provost-marshal,  and  he  was  a  terror  to  evil-doers 
because  of  uncompromising  devotion  to  duty,  a  keen  circumspection, 
and  an  impartial  temper  that  blinded  his  eyes  when  he  had  to  deal 
with  delinquents ;  he  would  have  strung  up  one  of  "  his  own  boys," 
as  he  callec*  the  men  of  the  Sixth  Regiment,  as  quickly  as  he  would  a 
Louisiana  "  Tiger."  But  not  infrequently  he  found  that  bolts  and 
bars  and  strong  guards  and  strict  orders  were  not  wholly  efficacious. 
For  instance,  it  became  known  in  one  of  the  regiments  one  day  that 
an  unusually  good  lot  of  fresh  beef  had  come  in  by  train,  and  the 
boys,  feeling  their  need,  went  after  it.  Two  of  them  eluded  the  camp 
guard,  one  carrying  his  rifle,  and  went  to  Dalton.  The  man  with  the 
gun  fixed  bayonet  and  added  himself  to  the  regular  detail  then  on 
guard  and  began  to  walk  a  beat  which  he  had  prescribed  for  himself, 
simply  saying  that  he  had  been  sent  to  strengthen  the  detail.  The 
other  one  watched  his  opportunity  to  cross  the  guard  line,  which  he 
easily  did  by  the  connivance  of  his  comrade,  shouldered  the  best  quar 
ter  of  beef  readily  accessible,  and  started  for  camp.  The  self-consti 
tuted  sentinel  was  the  first  to  detect  him  (of  course),  and  promptly 
took  him  in  charge — abusing  him  meanwhile  and  vowing  that  he 
should  suffer  for  his  thievery.  By  this  time  others  were  attracted  to 
the  spot ;  but  our  extra  watchman  had  neither  eyes  nor  ears  for  them, 
though  they  highly  approved  his  purpose  to  make  an  example  of  the 
rascal  in  hand.  With  bayonet  alarmingly  close  to  the  man's  body, 
(as  spectators  regarded  it),  he  started  him  briskly  towards  the  provost's 
office,  but  the  sequel  need  hardly  be  told;  at  the  first  convenient  point 
where  they  could  dodge  out  of  sight,  they  headed  for  camp,  relieving 
each  other  on  the  way  in  carrying  the  very  considerable  load  of  fresh 
beef — and  their  company  was  for  some  days  not  wholly  dependent 
upon  the  commissary. 

II.  Misplaced  Confidence. — Among  other  tricks,  of  which  the 
above  is  by  no  means  the  best  sample  of  a  job  lot,  Col.  Cofer  had  a  lit 
tle  experience  which  came  particularly  home  to  him,  and  eventually 


236  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

dumbfounded  him.  During  almost  their  entire  service  the  Orphans 
were  in  the  main  teetotalers.  (Irreverent  and  degenerate  sinners  of 
this  day  will  probably  add  "on  compulsion,"  but  their  opinion  is  of 
no  consequence.)  At  Dalton,  however,  as  a  member  of  the  First  Cav 
alry  seemed  to  think  was  sometimes  the  case  where  his  regiment 
encamped,  "  miasmatic  conditions  prevailed,"  and  as  quinine  was 
generally  scarce,  the  men  thought  it  well  to  canvass  the  country  round 
and  use  the  railroad  to  some  extent  to  supply  themselves  with  enough 
brandy  and  whisky  to  ward  off  chills  and  fever.  Under  order  from 
headquarters  these  articles  were  contraband;  and  the  grim  provost, 
Cofer,  was  particularly  intolerant  of  attempts  to  "  run  the  blockade." 
He  managed  to  compel  all  the  regiments  except  his  own,  the  Sixth 
Kentucky,  to  rely  mostly  on  quinine ;  but,  watch  and  scheme  as  he 
would,  "his  boys"  seemed  nearly  always  to  have  more  whisky  than 
malaria,  and  the  notable  way  he  had  of  showing  his  teeth  under  stress 
of  mind  seemed  to  grow  on  him.  It  was  finally  developed  that  they 
were  supplying  themselves  through  his  office.  The  trick  was  to  throw 
him  off  the  scent  by  having  their  shipments  made  in  boxes  consigned 
to  his  care.  The  "innocents"  would  simply  inform  him  that  friends 
in  Atlanta,  or  wherever  they  had  their  agents,  would,  at  such  and  such 
a  time,  send  them  a  box  of  creature  comforts — would  he  please  to  take 
charge  of  it  and  have  it  in  safe-keeping  till  called  for,  etc.  ?  Of  course 
this  appeared  to  be  almost  filial;  they  were  relying  on  him  as  a  father 
and  friend;  and  as  the  poor  fellows  seemed  to  feel  themselves  in  a 
wicked  world,  away  from  home,  and  in  danger  of  being  robbed,  his 
heart  went  out  to  them ;  and  under  his  fostering  care  and  the  protec 
tion  of  sawdust  and  strong  nailing,  the  jug  trade  prospered.  Had  the 
survivors  among  these  ingenious  schemers  turned  their  attention  to 
"  moonshining "  after  they  came  home  they  would  have  used  the 
United  States  Marshals  to  further  their  own  thrift. 

III.  Punishments  in  the  Army. — At  Dalton  we  frequently  wit 
nessed  the  infliction  of  an  ignominious  penalty  for  various  infractions 
of  the  military  code,  but  it  must  be  said  to  the  credit  of  the  brigade  that 
no  one  of  its  men  was  ever  subject  to  anything  like  it.  There 
had  been  one  execution  in  the  command,  as  noticed  elsewhere, 
but  it  was  held  by  many  to  be  substantially  a  military  murder; 
and  there  were  numerous  executions  at  Dalton  of  men  deserting 
from  the  army  there  and  those  of  other  commands  who  were  hid 
ing  out  and  had  been  brought  in  by  the  cavalry,  as  the  policy 
of  Gen.  Johnston  and  others  high  in  authority  was  to  enforce  the 
law  rigidly,  as  a  preventive  measure;  but  the  keeping  of  men  for 
hours  in  the  stocks  obtained  during  the  winter  and  early  spring,  and 
the  punishment  seemed  so  disproportionate  to  minor  crimes  that  it  was 
regarded  with  much  disfavor.  It  was  a  species  of  torture — painful  even 
to  beholders.  Three  half  circles  were  cut  on  an  edge  of  each  of  two 
planks,  so  that  when  the  edges  were  brought  together  there  were  round 
holes  for  the  neck  and  wrists  of  the  culprit.  One  of  the  planks  was  made 
fast  at  the  ends  in  a  vertical  groove  in  each  of  two  upright  posts,  so  that 
the  yoke  would  be  between  four  and  five  feet  from  the  ground,  while 
the  other  was  slipped  into  the  grooves  and  left  movable,  that  it  might  be 
raised  to  admit  head  and  hands  and  then  brought  down  and  pinned, 
thus  making  the  man  utterly  helpless  in  a  painful  posture.  In  some 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  237 

instances  the  head  was  shaved,  and  the  poor  creature,  so  pinioned  and 
so  exposed  (as  the  stocks  were  placed  in  open  ground),  would  be  kept 
there  sometimes  to  the  very  limit  of  endurance.  He  adopted  the  only 
change  of  position  possible,  (and  without  some  change  even  a  strong 
man  must  have  soon  lost  control  of  his  muscles  and  suspended  himself 
by  neck  and  wrists),  and  that  was  to  keep  his  feet  in  motion — raising 
and  lowering  them  in  a  treadmill  fashion.  It  was  reported  (though 
this  cannot  be  vouched  for)  that  occasionally  one  would  faint  and  have 
to  be  removed. 

It  is  needless  to  say  that  to  Kentuckians  this  was  odious  and  shock 
ing  and  it  is  hardly  probable  that  they  would  have, quietly  submitted, 
to  it,  had  even  a  most  unworthy  comrade  been  the  victim.  Men  were 
condemned  to  this  who  had  deserted  under  what  were  considered  pal 
liating  circumstances,  and  for  other  crimes  for  which  no  specific  pen 
alty  was  provided. 

Another  punishment  had  fallen  under  observation — that  of  the  shaved 
head  and  barrel  shirt,  or  a  wooden  placard  fixed  on  the  back  and 
labeled  "thief,"  bearing  which  a  soldier  convicted  of  base  robbery 
would  be  drummed  out  of  camp  and  dismissed  as  unworthy  to  bear 
arms ;  but  no  Kentuckian  was  ever  subjected  to  this.  It  is  not  inti 
mated  that  they  were  saints,  or  that  they  were  always  meekly  subordi 
nate.  That  would  be  too  much  to  expect  of  high-headed  and  hot- 
blooded  men,  whose  opinion  of  official  position  amounted  to  some 
thing  like  this,  that  an  officer  was  about  as  good  as  a  private  as  long  as 
he  behaved  himself.  Submissive  to  law  and  order,  with  the  true  old 
Anglo-Saxon  spirit,  they  were  nevertheless  impatient  of  unnecessary 
restraint,  and  sometimes  got  into  trouble  on  that  account ;  but  orders 
from  headquarters  and  sentence  of  courts-martial  seldom  imposed  more 
than  short  confinement,  or  extra  duty,  with  the  occasional  superfluous 
but  hard  work  of  taking  up  a  stump.  They  were  very  human, 
and  pangs  of  hunger  and  the  discomfort  of  scant  clothing,  especially 
when  they  contrasted  their  condition  with  that  of  people  who  lived 
fairly  well  while  fighting  only  with  their  mouths,  sometimes  operated  to 
obliterate  nice  distinctions  as  to  property  rights ;  and  it  was  charged 
that  in  an  emergency  they  could  beguile  a  cook  and  steal  a  man's  meal 
between  the  stove  and  dinner-table;  but  this  was  an  invention  of  the 
wicked,  and  not  to  be  credited.  Their  experience  in  this  particular 
extended  no  further  than  that  of  the  irreverent  sinner  in  Forrest's 
Cavalry,  who,  hungering  for  a  Thanksgiving  turkey,  prayed  for  it  the 
day  before,  and  declared  that  about  1 1  o'clock  that  night  his  prayer 
was  answered;  but  it  was  developed  that  he  combined  faith  and  works, 
and  pulled  the  bird  off  the  roost  with  his  own  hands. 

IV.  Guying  Gen.  Bate. — When  Bate  succeeded  Gen.  Breckin- 
ridge  in  command  of  the  division  to  which  the  Orphan  Brigade  be 
longed,  there  was  a  good  deal  of  dissatisfaction — not  that  the  men  had 
anything  in  particular  against  Bate,  but  that  they  were  opposed  to 
serving  under  any  division  general  who  was  not  a  Kentuckian.  Be 
fore  the  Dalton-Atlanta  campaign  was  over,  however,  they  came  to 
know  that  their  new  leader  had  fine  qualities  and  to  admire  his  gal 
lantry.  Especially  after  he  was  wounded  they  began  to  feel  some  at 
tachment  to  him,  and  some  visited  him  where  he  lay  under  a  surgeon's 
care.  At  first,  though,  there  were  a  good  many  who  were  not  careful 


238  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

to  conceal  their  displeasure;  and  a  story  was  soon  current  that  Gen. 
Bate  complained  to  Gen.  Lewis  that  his  men  were  behaving  badly 
towards  him,  to  which  Lewis  replied:  "General,  I  think  I  wouldn't 
pay  any  attention  to  that  if  I  were  you.  My  boys  are  always  pester 
ing  some  d — d  fool!"  This  was  thought  to  be  so  much  like  Gen. 
Lewis  that  it  went  the  rounds,  though  it  probably  got  its  left-handed 
twist  after  it  left  him. 

V.  Punishment  for  Desertion :    One  of  the  Saddest  Fea 
tures  of  the  W^ar. — Thomas  Owens  thus  describes  a  military  exe 
cution  which  he  witnessed: 

"  During  the  spring  of  1864,  while  the  army  of  Gen.  Johnston  was 
encamped  near  Dalton,  Ga. ,  there  were  several  military  executions. 
Desertions  had  become  so  frequent  as  seriously  to  threaten  the  integrity 
of  the  army ;  and  it  became  necessary  to  make  examples  of  the  few, 
that  the  many  might  be  deterred  from  committing  so  grave  an  offense. 

A  soldier  belonging  to  the  —  -  regiment  in  Hardee's  Corps,  was 
arrested  for  desertion,  tried,  and  condemned  to  be  shot.  In  order 
that  the  awful  example  might  have  its  full  effect,  the  entire  division 
was  ordered  out  to  the  drill  ground  to  be  witnesses  of  the  spectacle, 
and  was  formed  into  a  hollow  square  of  three  sides  facing  inward,  the 
fourth  side  being  open.  The  culprit,  surrounded  by  his  spiritual  advis 
ers  and  an  armed  guard,  was  made  to  march  around  the  entire  square  on 
the  inside,  and  was  then  led  to  the  middle  of  the  open  side,  where  a  grave 
had  been  dug  and  a  low  cross  had  been  erected  near  its  edge.  He  was 
bound  to  the  cross  kneeling.  His  eyes  were  bandaged,  and  the  officer  in 
charge  stepped  off  the  regulation  twelve  paces,  where  he  stationed  the 
firing  squad.  A  delay  of  some  moments  ensued,  during  which  the  officer 
stepped  up  to  the  doomed  man,  apparently  for  the  purpose  of  adjusting 
the  bandage  over  his  eyes.  The  poor  wretch  gathered  hope  from  this 
trivial  circumstance,  and  quickly  raised  his  head,  which  had  been 
before  bowed  upon  his  bosom,  and  strove  to  peer  out  from  under  the 
bandage.  The  buoyancy  of  hope  stood  out  in  every  feature  of  his 
face.  But  it  was  brief — to  him,  O  how  brief — for  a  moment  later  the 
fatal  order  was  given,  ' '  Ready,  aim,  fire"  and  the  leaden  bullets  went 
crashing  through  his  brain.  The  whole  top  of  his  head  was  blown  off. 

The  division  was  then  caused  to  march  in  double  file  past  the  body 
as  it  hung  upon  the  low  cross  to  view  the  ghastly  spectacle,  and  thence 
back  to  camp  to  ponder  on  the  horrors  of  war  and  '  man's  inhumanity 
to  man.'  >: 

VI.  A  Singular  Death. — In  February,  1864,  Rocky  Face  Ridge 
was  occupied  by  Johnston  as  a  signal  station.     The  Fourth  Kentucky 
was  so  deployed  as  to  form  a  living  telegraph  line  from  the  valley  next 
to  Dalton  to  the  top  and  front  face  of  the  Ridge  at  a  point  where, 
next  to  the  Federals,  the  ascent  was  perpendicular.     From  the  top  of 
this  ridge  the  Federal  army  was  in  full  view.     The  next  day  after  the 
formation  of  this  line,  there   was  a  collision  of  the  Federal  and  Con 
federate  forces  on  the  right  of  our  line,  and  when  the  Federals  would 
move,  word  was  passed  from  man  to  man  of  the  living  telegraph,  as, 
"  Two  more  brigades  advancing  on  such  and  such  a  point."    The  first 
night  after  the  formation  of  the  telegraph,  the  men  slept  at  their  posts. 
The  next  morning  George  Disney,  a  private  of  Company  B,  arose  to 
a  sitting  posture,  after  a  night's  sleep  on  the  top  of  this  height  in  the 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  239 

open  air,  and  was  in  the  act  of  gaping,  as  many  men  are  wont  to  do 
on  first  awaking.  He  was  seen  suddenly  to  resume  his  recumbent 
position,  as  though  resolved  to  take  another  nap ;  but  after  he  had 
been  so  lying  for  an  hour  or  two,  men  who  tried  to  wake  him  found 
that  life  had  departed.  A  careful  examination  at  the  time  disclosed 
no  wound,  and  it  was  conjectured  that  he  had  died  from  failure  of  the 
heart  or  other  disease.  Later,  another  examination  was  made,  and 
while  washing  the  face  of  the  corpse,  the  hair  on  the  back  of  his  head 
was  found  stiff  from  clotted  blood ;  and  it  was  then  clear  that  while 
gaping  a  minie  ball  from  a  Federal  musket  in  the  valley  in  front  had 
entered  the  open  mouth  and  crashed  through  the  back  of  the  head  of 
the  unfortunate  soldier.  He  was  a  native  of  England. —  Virginius 
Hutcfien,  (Fourth  Kentucky). 

VII.  The  Snow-Ball  Battle. — When  reveille  was  sounded  on 
the  morning  of  March  22d,  1864,  the  soldiers  encamped  around  Dai- 
ton  were  astonished  on  turning  out  to  find  the  ground  covered  almost 
shoe-mouth  deep  with  snow  that  had  fallen  during  the  night.  Even 
for  north  Georgia,  in  a  somewhat  mountainous  section,  it  was  quite  an 
unusual  thing,  particularly  at  that  time  of  year  and  to  such  depth.  The 
Kentucky  Brigade  was  stationed  on  the  west  of  the  Georgia  railroad, 
about  a  mile  north  of  town,  with  an  open  field  extending  northeast 
from  the  main  encampment,  which  was  used  as  drill  ground.  The 
snow  was  of  sufficient  humidity  to  be  readily  made  into  balls;  and 
about  the  middle  of  the  forenoon  a  few  of  the  Kentuckians  were  seen 
out  on  a  rather  high  point  of  this  ground  pelting  each  other  in  a  sort 
of  lazy  way ;  presently  the  crowd  increased,  and  then  there  was  call 
ing  over  towards  the  east  where  some  Tennesseeans  were  quartered, 
presumably  giving  a  challenge,  which  was  promptly  accepted,  and  it 
was  but  a  few  minutess  till  there  were  two  pretty  fair  lines  of  battle 
and  an  exchange  of  showers  of  the  white  missiles.  The  fun  was  con 
tagious,  and  soon  about  every  well  man  in  the  brigade  was  out  and  the 
Tennesseeans  also  came  on  in  force.  The  excitement  extended  to 
field  and  staff  officers,  who  hastily  saddled  up  and  rode  out  to  take 
command ;  and  then  there  was  shouting  of  orders  with  words  of  en 
couragement  as  well  as  pelting.  Of  course  each  of  the  combatants 
did  what  he  could  to  "bringdown"  the  officers  of  the  other,  after 
the  manner  of  gunners;  and  even  the  Kentucky  dog,  Frank,  rushed 
into  the  melee,  where  he  found  a  Tennessee  dog  ready  for  battle.  The 
two  were  quickly  at  it,  tooth  and  nail,  between  the  opposing  lines.  In 
their  "official  reports"  both  these  four-footed  warriors  doubtless 
claimed  the  victory ;  but  Frank  had  the  best  of  it,  in  one  particular  at 
least — when  his  war  was  over  he  went  back  to  camp  limping,  having 
received  an  honorable  wound  while  standing  up  to  his  friends.  Occas 
ionally  something  that  seemed  too  solid  for  a  snowball  would  hit  a 
man,  and  of  course  there  were  charges  that  this  or  that  side  was  violat 
ing  the  rules  of  civilized  warfare  by  loading  a  little  snow  with  a  good 
deal  of  rock;  but  when  all  began  to  run  short  of  ammunition,  a  treaty 
of  peace  was  entered  into  by  each  side's  withdrawing  and  gleefully 
explaining  around  the  campfires  how  handsomely  he  had  "used  up" 
the  other  fellow. 


240  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 


CHAPTER  XIII. 

THE  DALTON- ATLANTA  CAMPAIGN,  MAY  5TH  TO  SEPTEMBER  8TH,  1864. 

INCIDENTS  AND  ANECDOTES. 

When  the  campaign  opened,  Bate's  division  consisted  of  the  Ken 
tucky  Brigade,  Tyler's  (formerly  Bate's)  brigade  of  Tennesseeans,  and 
Finley's  brigade  of  Floridans.  The  artillery  of  the  army  had  been 
organized  in  two  battalions,  attached  to  the  respective  corps  of  Hardee 
and  Hood.  Folk's  corps,  then  about  in  Mississippi,  had  its  own  quota 
of  artillery  there.  One  of  these  battalions  was  under  command  of 
Capt.  Rob.  Cobb,  while  Capt.  Frank  P.  Gracey  commanded  the  Ken 
tucky  Battery. 

The  Kentucky  Brigade  did  not  take  final  leave  of  winter  quarters 
until  May  yth,  when  it  was  marched  out  and  took  position — the  Ninth 
Regiment  in  advance,  and  stationed  on  an  eminence  beyond  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  north  of  Dalton,  while  the  other  regiments  were  held  in 
reserve  between  two  hills,  also  on  the  left  of  the  railroad  as  was  the 
Ninth.  Cobb's  battery  was  placed  on  the  Bald  Knob  to  the  left  of 
Mill  Creek.  The  brigade  was  now  engaged  in  moving  from  point  to 
point  about  the  Gap,  first  on  one  peak  of  the  mountain,  then  another 
— skirmishing  and  sharpshooting  most  incessantly  till  the  night  of  the 
1 2th,  when  it  was  marched  to  Snake  Creek  Gap,  and  thence,  next 
day,  to  Resaca. 

A  circumstance  ought  to  be  noted  here  that  was  far  more  remarka 
ble  in  its  consequences  during  the  four-month  campaign  under  con 
sideration  than  was  at  all  apparent  in  the  outset,  and  they  doubtless 
exceeded  the  expectations  of  those  who  suggested  it :  namely,  the 
detailing  and  specially  arming  of  a  corps  of  sharpshooters.  The 
services  of  these  men  day  by  day,  on  march  and  in  battle,  can  not  be 
given  in  detail;  and  it  is  best  to  enter  here  a  brief  but  comprehensive 
account,  from  which  it  may  be  understood  that  this  little  detachment 
of  Kentucky  marksmen  was  of  itself  almost  as  terrible  to  the  Federal 
host  as  "an  army  with  banners."  For  special  and  personal  incidents 
the  reader  is  referred  to  subsequent  pages. 

In  the  winter  of  1863-64,  Gen.  Breckinridge  received  eleven  guns 
known  as  the  Kerr  rifle,  which  he  allotted  to  his  old  brigade.  It  was 
said  that  an  English  friend  presented  them  as  a  token  of  regard.  It 
was  a  long-range  muzzle-loading  rifle,  that  would  kill  at  the  distance  of 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  241 

a  mile  or  more,  requiring  a  peculiar  powder ;  and  there  was  some 
difficulty  in  charging  it,  so  that  it  was  not  likely  to  be  fully  effective 
except  in  the  hands  of  a  cool  and  composed  man.  The  use  of  ordi 
nary  powder  made  it  necessary  to  swab  out  the  barrel  after  every 
fourth  or  fifth  shot.  There  was  a  prolonged  target  practice  in  which  a 
considerable  number  of  the  men  engaged,  and  from  these  ten  who  had 
proved  to  be  the  best  shots,  and  were  known  to  be  otherwise  thor 
oughly  reliable,  were  finally  chosen.  Lieut.  George  Hector  Burton, 
Co.  F,  Fourth  Kentucky,  was  not  only  a  superior  marksman  but  a 
dare-devil  fighter,  one  of  the  few  men  known  to  any  except  bragga 
docios  and  closet-romancers  who  experienced  what  the  old  Romans 
really  pretended  to  feel,  "the  joy  of  battle."  He  added  to  this  the 
qualities  without  which  even  a  fine  soldier  can  not  possibly  be  a  good 
leader — cool  judgment,  quick  apprehension  of  whatever  would  give 
advantage  of  position,  and  a  dogged  resolution  that  made  him  proof 
against  sore  discomfort  and  unshaken  by  disaster.  He  was  put  in 
command  and  given  only  such  orders  as  were  so  general  in  their  na 
ture  that  a  large  discretion  was  allowed  him.  The  most  important  of 
these  was  that  he  should  not  carry  his  men  nearer  the  enemy's  main 
line  than  within  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile — cautionary,  and  presuma 
bly  designed  to  prevent  him  and  his  young  bloods  from  taking  ques 
tionable  risks.  Occasionally  it  was  thought  necessary  to  direct  them 
to  take  position  under  cover  of  darkness  between  the  Confederate  and 
Federal  lines,  and  so  dispose  themselves  as  to  avoid  fire  from  their  own 
artillery  and  small  arms.  In  general  they  operated  along  Hardee's 
front;  but  if  any  other  part  of  the  army  was  annoyed  by  artillery, 
they  went  to  its  relief  if  they  could  be  spared  from  their  own  corps. 

When  one  man  was  killed  or  disabled,  another  volunteered  from 
that  man's  regiment  to  take  his  place;  and  as  four  or  five  were  killed 
and  almost  every  one  of  the  original  ten,  except  the  lieutenant,  was 
wounded — some  of  them  two,  some  of  them  three  times — there  were 
many  calls  for  volunteers  to  take  permanently  the  places  of  the  dead 
and  permanently  disabled,  and  temporarily  those  of  men  only  tem 
porarily  retired  by  wounds.  It  is  probable  that  as  many  as  twenty 
men  served  on  the  corps  during  the  long  campaign.  It  is  known  that 
seventeen  different  men  were  killed  and  wounded,  though  after  Dallas 
there  were  but  nine  in  the  service  at  the  same  time.  It  is  to  be  re 
gretted  that  no  perfect  list  of  the  names  was  never  made.  The  fol 
lowing  are  recalled  by  surviving  members  or  have  been  found  in  a 
former  history  of  the  companies  :  George  Hector  Burton,  Co.  F, 
Fourth  Kentucky;  N.  Frank  Smith,  Co.  F,  Second  Kentucky  ;  Thomas 
Owens,  Co.  I,  Fourth  Kentucky  ;  Taylor  McCoy,  Co.  A,  Fourth  Ken 
tucky,  Jerry  Spalding,  Co.  K,  Fifth  Kentucky;  Wm.  H.  VanMeter, 


242  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

Co.  H,  Sixth  Kentucky  ;  Wm.  Ambrose,  Co.  B,  Ninth  Kentucky ; 
Wm.  H.  Anderson,  Co.  E,  Sixth  Kentucky ;  John  Y.  Milton,  Wm. 
H.  Morgan  and  James  Tennell,  Co.  A,  Sixth  Kentucky  ;  and  Steve 
Estill,  Co.  H,  Second  Kentucky. 

This  corps  of  sharpshooters  was  actively  engaged  every  day  of  the 
one  hundred  and  twenty  except  one.  At  one  time  it  spent  thirty-three 
consecutive  days  between  the  two  armies,  with  an  allowance  of  one 
canteen  of  water  per  day  to  each  man.  A  detail  of  two  was  sent  to 
fill  the  canteens  and  procure  rations,  the  men  alternating  by  couples. 
Without  change  of  clothing,  and  with  little  opportunity  to  shelter  them 
selves  from  rain,  their  condition  soon  became  exceedingly  uncomfortable 
by  reason  of  dirt  and  vermin,  and  request  was  made  repeatedly  for  a  brief 
respite  to  wash  clothing  and  bathe  themselves,  but  in  the  great  stress  of 
difficulty  and  danger  no  attention  was  paid  to  this  until  Lieut.  Burton 
went  to  Army  headquarters  and  procured  an  order  to  suspend  opera 
tions  for  this  purpose  one  day. 

The  general  plan  was  to  work  themselves  at  night  between  the  lines, 
reconnoiter,  fix  upon  a  rallying  base,  and  then  cover  the  front  of  the 
army,  and  keep  a  lookout  for  opportunities  to  kill  off  pickets,  men  who 
exposed  themselves  along  the  lines  of  Federal  breast-works,  and  officers 
who  came  in  view  beyond  while  directing  the  operations  of  their  troops. 
A  particular  object  was  to  note  the  position  of  batteries,  and  take  post 
so  as  to  pick  off  the  gunners  through  the  embrasures.  Ordinarily,  if 
these  sharpshooters  could  place  themselves  in  sight  of  the  enemy's 
cannon,  with  fair  cover,  and  within  a  quarter  to  a  half  mile,  it  was  al 
most  certain  death  or  disabling  for  a  Federal  soldier  to  swab  or  load 
after  each  discharge,  as  he  could  not  protect  himself  while  his  gun 
was  in  position.  It  is  unquestionable  that  the  army  was  thus  saved 
a  vast  deal  of  annoyance  and  much  loss  from  Federal  artillery.  Sher 
man  always  kept  his  men  abundantly  supplied  with  ammunition,  and 
to  them  the  waste  was  nothing  :  so  that  it  would  often  have  been  but  a 
pleasant  pastime  to  shell  the  woods  all  day  long,  even  when  the  Con 
federate  position  was  not  definitely  known,  had  not  Burton,  with  his 
wide-awake  and  gallant  fellows,  taught  them  that  the  price  of  a  useless 
shot  from  a  battery  was  apt  to  be  the  loss  of  a  cannonier.  The  conse 
quence  was  that  cannonading  ceased  to  be  a  pastime,  and  was  resorted 
to  only  when  something  definite  and  absolutely  necessary  was  to  be 
attempted. 

The  Federal  sharpshooters  had  effective  guns  and  many  good  marks 
men;  but  the  loss  that  these  inflicted  upon  Kentuckians  was  compara 
tively  trivial.  One  of  their  tricks  was  not  much  in  favor  with  Burton; 
namely,  taking  position  high  up  in  the  foliage  of  a  tree.  This  had  the 
disadvantage  of  more  readily  discovering  a  man  by  the  smoke  of  his 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  243 

gun  while  he  could  not  easily  shift  place  and  escape  a  shot  aimed  at  the 
point  where  the  whiff  was  seen.  This  was  much  resorted  to  by  the 
Federals,  and  our  men  had  had  experience  with  them  from  Corinth 
to  this  time.  Near  Farmington,  Miss.,  in  April,  1862,  one  was 
brought  down  from  an  oak  on  a  high  point,  and  it  was  reported  that 
he  had  clothed  himself  in  green,  so  that  he  could  not'be  distinguished 
from  the  tree-leaves,  but  he  could  not  disguise  his  whiff  of  smoke. 

In  the  pitched  battles  and  charges  of  the  brigade,  the  sharpshooters 
were  not  expected  to  be  in  line  ;  they  were  to  do  all  possible  execution 
from  their  retired  stations;  but  at  Dallas,  Burton  thought  he  saw  a  bet 
ter  chance  to  be  effective  by  joining  in  the  mad  charge,  and  they 
suffered  grievously  thereby — losing  a  man  killed  and  a  splendid  rifle, 
and  having  three  or  four  wounded,  within  twenty  steps  of  that  impass 
able  Federal  rampart. 

From  Federal  prisoners  it  was  learned  that  these  men  were  a  terror. 
It  was  current  that  summer  that  one  was  brought  in  who  was  curious 
to  know  what  kind  of  a  gun  it  was  that  killed  a  man  at  a  distance  of  a 
mile  or  more.  He  declared,  it  is  said,  that  his  colonel  had  been  killed 
by  one  of  Burton's  men  while  riding  far  in  the  rear  of  the  Federal 
lines,  and  made  the  extravagant  estimate  that  he  was  about  three  miles 
away.  Some  of  these  prisoners  even  represented  that  their  troops 
were  exasperated,  and  would  kill  a  captured  man  if  he  was  found  with 
a  Kerr  rifle  in  hand. 

When  Gen.  Polk  was  killed  at  Pine  Mountain,  this  corps  of  sharp 
shooters  quickly  located  the  battery  that  fired  the  fatal  shot,  and  in  less 
than  half  an  hour  drove  it  from  its  place. 

The  experience  of  this  little  band  is  without  a  parallel.  It  is  known 
that  the  lieutenant  commanding  subjected  every  man  to  a  crucial  test 
before  he  would  trust  him,  so  it  is  certain  that  those  who  stayed  with 
him,  original  and  substitutes,  were  men  of  stern  courage  and  a  Roman 
fortitude. 

Their  corps  commander,  Gen.  Hardee,  when  about  to  part  with 
them,  complimented  them  in  terms  that  confirm  all  that  the  writer  has 
said  of  them;  saying,  among  other  things,  that  if  all  the  men  of  John 
ston's  army  had  been  proportionately  as  destructive  as  they,  Sherman 
would  not  have  had  a  sound  man  left. 

On  the  8th  and  9th,  the  Kentucky  Brigade  of  Cavalry  which  took 
a  prominent  part  in  all  the  operations  of  the  spring,  summer,  and 
autumn,  as  will  be  found  in  the  History  of  the  First  Regiment,  in  a 
subsequent  part  of  this  work,  had  fought  at  Dug  Gap  and  Snake  Creek 
(rap,  and  its  splendid  conduct  at  these  two  points  had  much  to  do  in 
averting  disaster  from  Johnston's  army  at  the  very  outset  of  the  cam 
paign.  Late  in  the  afternoon  of  the  pth  these  troops,  after  holding 


244  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

back  Gen.  McPherson  from  early  morning,  entered  the  fortifications 
at  Resaca,  previously  constructed  for  the  protection  of  Johnston's  com 
munications  southward,  and  now  held  by  a  small  brigade  of  infantry 
under  Gen.  Canty,  which  had  been  stopped  there  on  its  way  from 
Rome  when  first  intimation  was  had  that  a  Federal  force  was  marching 
by  roads  west  of  the  Chattanooga  mountains,  with  a  view  to  debouch 
ing  into  the  valley  through  Snake  Creek  Gap,  and  so  placing  himself 
in  great  strength  in  the  rear  of  the  Confederate  army.  No  determined 
assault  was  made  upon  these  works  until  the  i4th,  though  manned  only 
by  this  little  force  of  infantry  and  cavalry,  while  Gen.  McPherson  was 
within  easy  reach,  with  an  infantry  and  artillery  force  of  about  twenty 
thousand  men. 

After  reaching  the  vicinity  of  Snake  Creek  on  the  night  of  May  i2th, 
as  previously  explained,  the  Confederate  army  rested  there  till  next 
day,  when  it  took  position  at  Resaca,  the  infantry  and  artillery  being 
placed  in  the  earth-works,  and  employed  that  afternoon,  most  of  the 
night,  and  part  of  the  next  day  in  strengthening  them. 

It  was  eight  o'clock  on  the  evening  of  May  isth  when  Bate's  divi 
sion  moved  from  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  on  the  Sugar  Valley  road.  It 
was  ordered  to  bring  up  the  rear  of  Hardee's  corps,  and,  being  retarded 
by  troops  in  its  front,  did  not  reach  Snake  Creek  Gap  till  about  sun-up 
on  the  morning  of  the  i3th.  It  was  not  till  late  in  the  afternoon  that 
the  division  formed  line  of  battle  on  the  right  of  Hardee's  corps.  Bate 
occupied  a  cleared  ridge  between  the  Dalton  and  La  Fayette  roads. 

In  the  formation  at  Resaca,  above  alluded  to,  the  Kentucky  brigade 
constituted  the  right  of  Bate's  line,  with  Smith  in  reserve  to  support 
it,  while  half  of  Finley's  brigade  constituted  his  left,  the  other  half 
being  in  reserve  as  support.  At  half-past  nine  on  the  morning  of  the 
1 4th  skirmishing  began  in  front  of  Finley,  and  by  ten  o'clock  there 
was  skirmishing  all  along  the  line,  which  became  more  and  more  ani 
mated  until  noon,  when  five  lines  of  battle  emerged  from  the  opposite 
wood  and  fiercely  assaulted  the  whole  of  the  division's  intrenched 
line.  They  came  up  with  banners  flying,  bands  playing,  and  officers 
mounted,  with  drawn  swords,  in  the  most  beautiful  order;  but  when 
within  short  musket  range  the  Confederates  opened  fire,  and  the  host 
was  staggered  and  thrown  back  in  some  confusion.  They  rallied  again 
and  advanced,  but  were  repulsed  with  slaughter,  and  retreated  out  of 
range  of  the  small  arms.  This  had  not  occupied  more  than  twenty 
minutes.  In  this  assault  two  regiments  (the  Fifth  and  Sixth  Kentucky) 
reserved  their  fire  until  the  enemy  approached  within  seventy-five 
yards,  when,  with  well-directed  volleys,  they  instantly  broke  his  lines 
and  drove  him  back.  At  half-past  one  another  assault  by  three  lines 
was  made  and  repulsed  in  like  handsome  manner,  and  with  similar 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  245 

result.  Another  advance  later  in  the  day  was  easily  repulsed.  Dur 
ing  the  evening  the  Twentieth  Tennessee  and  Fourth  Georgia  battalion 
of  sharpshooters  (Smith's  brigade)  participated  in  the  fight. 

The  brunt  of  the  attack  on  Bate  had  been  sustained  by  Gen.  Lewis. 
The  Major-General  said  of  it :  "  The  burden  of  this  fight  fell  upon  Lewis' 
Kentucky  brigade,  which  met  and  sustained  it  gallantly."  When  the 
enemy's  infantry  had  retired,  his  artillery  opened  a  furious  fire  upon 
the  works.  Their  batteries  of  rifled  cannon  had  direct  fire  on  the  left 
regiments  of  the  brigade,  while  it  swept  up  in  rear  of  those  on  the  right 
of  the  line,  which,  after  crossing  the  railroad,  curved  back  toward  the 
Oostanaula  river.  The  works  were,  at  best,  so  slight  as  to  afford  lit 
tle  protection,  even  from  a  front  fire,  and,  while  few  suffered  any  in 
jury  whatever  during  the  infantry  attack,  more  than  forty  were  killed 
and  wounded  by  the  artillery,  which  played  upon  them  throughout  the 
day. 

Hotchkiss'  Battalion  of  Artillery  was  posted  on  the  right  of  Bate's  line, 
and  did,  from  the  beginning  to  the  end,  most  efficient  service.  Slo- 
comb's  battery,  Cobb's  battalion,  was  posted  in  the  line  of  Finley's 
brigade,  and  fired  with  much  accuracy  and  effect  on  the  advancing 
lines  of  the  enemy.  Heavy  skirmishing  continued  until  night-fall, 
when  the  pick  and  spade  were  resumed  to  repair  breeches  and  strengthen 
and  remodel  our  defenses.  The  morning  of  the  i5th  was  ushered  in 
by  heavy  volleys  of  artillery,  which,  with  constant  fire  from  concealed 
sharpshooters,  was  kept  up  during  the  day.  The  enemy  occupied 
high  wooded  points  opposite  and  to  our  left,  from  which  he  gave  us  an 
enfilading  fire  with  artillery,  which  was  not  so  fatal  as  would  be  sup 
posed,  because  heavy  traverses  had  been  constructed  in  the  flank  along 
our  trenches  the  previous  night.  Hotchkiss  had  two  guns  disabled, 
which  were  moved  at  night.  Slocomb  suffered  much,  also  having  two 
guns  effectually  disabled  and  one  crippled;  all  of  which,  however, 
were  brought  off  at  dark.  All  the  artillery  engaged  was  well  man 
aged,  and  fought  with  much  coolness  and  judgment  in  this  engage 
ment. 

In  proportion  to  the  number  of  men  constituting  the  division  the  loss 
during  these  two  days  was  considerable,  notwithstanding  the  partial 
protection  afforded  by  the  earthworks.  Twenty-four  were  killed,  two 
hundred  and  thirty-three  wounded,  and  fifty-five  missing.  The  latter 
were  practically  skirmishers  left  on  the  front  as  per  order  on  the  night 
of  evacuating  Resaca.  An  examination  of  the  Brief  History  of  Indi 
viduals  will  disclose  that  a  disproportionate  part  of  the  loss  was  sus 
tained  by  the  Kentucky  Brigade. 

The  losses  of  the  enemy  could  not  be  accurately  ascertained,  as  the 
command  did  not  go  out  of  the  trenches.  It  was  estimated  to  have 


246  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

been  not  less  than  fifteen  hundred  during  the  two  days.  Three  battle- 
flags  fell  upon  the  disputed  ground,  which  the  Confederates  were 
unable  to  get  and  the  enemy  could  not  regain  them. 

The  division  was  ordered  out  and  left  the  trenches  at  ten  o'clock  on 
the  night  of  the  1 5th,  leaving  skirmishers  on  the  line.  Following  Cle- 
burne's  division  it  crossed  the  Oostanaula  and  marched  out  about  five 
miles  on  the  Calhoun  road,  where  it  bivouacked. 

Early  next  morning  the  enemy  was  reported  to  be  in  front,  in  what 
force  it  could  not  be  ascertained,  and  Bate  was  ordered  to  form  line  of 
battle  and  bring  up  the  rear  of  Hardee's  corps  on  the  march  to  Cal 
houn;  and  near  this  place  he  took  position  to  support  Maj.-Gen. 
Walker.  This  position  was  maintained  till  half-past  one  o'clock  that 
night,  when  the  march  was  resumed,  the  Fifth  Kentucky  being  de 
tached  from  the  Kentucky  Brigade  to  strengthen'  Granbury  as  rear 
guard.  Arriving  at  Adairville  at  7  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  the  lyth, 
the  brigade,  in  common  with  other  troops  of  the  division,  had  a  few 
hours'  rest;  but  at  two  in  the  afternoon,  line  of  battle  was  again 
formed — Bate  extending  the  general  line  from  Cleburne's  left,  where 
he  remained  in  position  until  after  dark,  when  he  was  ordered  to  guard 
a  train  to  Kingston.  It  was  not  until  eight  o'clock  on  the  morning  of 
the  1 8th  that  the  distance  of  ten  or  twelve  miles  was  passed  over,  the 
march  having  proved  the  most  disagreeable  and  exhausting  of  the 
campaign,  so  far.  During  the  forenoon,  line  of  battle  was  formed 
three  and  a  half  miles  south  of  Kingston.  The  remainder  of  Hardee's 
corps  came  from  Adairville  during  the  i8th. 

On  the  i pth  of  May,  Gen.  Johnston  had  decided  to  give  battle.  A 
stirring  order  to  that  effect  was  read  to  the  troops  at  noon,  and  was  re 
sponded  to  with  the  most  enthusiastic  cheers.  The  army  of  Gen. 
Johnston  had  now  been  reenforced  by  Folk's  entire  corps  from  Missis 
sippi — the  last  division  having  reached  the  front  on  the  i8th.  Gen. 
Johnston's  plan,  as  he  explains  in  his  history  of  the  campaign,  was  to 
attack  the  enemy  when  he  could  do  so  without  encountering  his  whole 
strength  ;  and  this  appeared  the  auspicious  moment.  This  was  a  turn 
ing  point  in  the  campaign,  and  though  the  Kentucky  troops  were  no 
more  concerned  in  it  than  the  rest,  it  is  not  amiss  to  give,  in  connection 
with  their  service,  Johnston's  account  of  his  purpose,  his  plan,  and  the 
unhappy  circumstance  which  thwarted  him  and  deprived  the  Confed 
erate  army  of  a  victory  which  would  have  so  crippled  Sherman  as  to 
throw  him  back  upon  his  base,  if  it  had  not  proved  his  destruction. 
In  the  exultation  with  which  the  battle-order  was  received,  as  he 
narrates,  there  were  no  more  hearty  cheers  than  those  which  went  up 
from  the  Kentuckians,  of  all  arms,  and  Hardee,  knowing  the  temper 
of  his  corps,  of  which  these  Kentuckians  formed  so  material  a  part,  re- 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  247 

niained  unalterable  in  his  belief  that  he  could  hold  the  position  as 
signed  him. 

"Two  roads  lead  southward  from  Adairville — one  following  the 
railroad  through  Kingston,  and,  like  it,  turning  almost  at  right  angles 
to  the  east  at  that  place ;  the  other,  quite  direct  to  the  Etowah  railroad 
bridge,  passing  through  Cassville,  where  it  is  met  by  the  first.  The 
probability  that  the  Federal  army  would  divide — a  column  following 
each  road — gave  me  a  hope  of  engaging  and  defeating  one  of  them 
before  it  could  receive  aid  from  the  other.  In  that  connection  the  in 
telligent  engineer  officer  who  had  surveyed  that  section,  Lieut.  Buch 
anan,  was  questioned  minutely  over  the  map  as  to  the  character  of 
ground,  in  the  presence  of  Lieutenant-Generals  Polk  and  Hood,  who 
had  been  informed  of  my  object.  He  described  the  country  on  the 
direct  road  as  open,  and  unusually  favorable  for  attack.  It  was  evi 
dent,  from  the  map,  that  the  distance  between  the  two  Federal  columns 
would  be  greatest  when  that  following  the  railroad  should  be  near 
Kingston.  Lieut.  Buchanan  thought  that  the  communications  be 
tween  the  columns  at  this  part  of  their  march  would  be  eight  or  nine 
miles,  by  narrow  and  crooked  country  roads. 

"  In  the  morning  of  the  i8th,  Hardee's  corps  marched  to  Kingston; 
and  Folk's  and  Hood's,  following  the  direct  road,  halted  within  a  mile 
of  Cassville — the  former  deployed  in  two  lines,  crossing  the  road  and 
facing  Adairville ;  the  latter  halted  on  its  right.  Jackson's  division 
observed  the  Federal  columns  on  the  Kingston  road,  and  Wheeler's 
troops  those  that  were  moving  towards  Cassville.  Those  two  officers 
were  instructed  to  keep  me  accurately  informed  of  the  enemy's  pro 
gress. 

"  French's  division  of  Folk's  corps  joined  the  army  from  Mississippi 
in  the  afternoon. 

"  Next  morning,  when  Brig. -Gen.  Jackson's  report  showed  that  the 
head  of  the  Federal  column  following  the  railroad  was  near  Kingston, 
Lieut. -Gen.  Hood  was  directed  to  move  with  his  force  to  a  country 
road  about  a  mile  to  the  east  of  that  from  Adairville,  and  parallel  to  it, 
and  to  march  northward  on  that  road,  right  in  front.  Folk's  corps,  as 
then  formed,  was  to  advance  to  meet  and  engage  the  enemy  approach 
ing  from  Adairville;  and  it  was  expected  that  Hood  would  be  in  posi. 
tion  to  fall  upon  the  left  flank  of  those  troops  as  soon  as  Polk  attacked 
them  in  front.  An  order  was  read  to  each  regiment,  announcing  that 
we  were  about  to  give  battle  to  the  enemy.  It  was  received  with  exul 
tation. 

"When  Gen.  Hood's  column  had  moved  two  or  three  miles,  that 
officer  received  a  report  from  a  member  of  his  staff,  to  the  effect  that 
the  enemy  was  approaching  on  the  Canton  road  in  the  rear  of  the  right 


248  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

of  the  position  from  which  he  had  just  marched.  Instead  of  transmit 
ting  this  report  to  me,  and  moving  on  in  obedience  to  his  orders,  he 
fell  back  to  that  road  and  formed  his  corps  across  it,  facing  to  our 
right  and  rear,  toward  Canton,  without  informing  me  of  this  strange 
departure  from  the  instructions  he  had  received.  I  heard  of  this  erratic 
movement  after  it  had  caused  such  loss  of  time  as  to  make  the  attack 
intended  impracticable ;  for  its  success  depended  on  accuracy  in  timing 
it.  The  intention  was  therefore  abandoned. 

"The  sound  of  the  artillery  of  the  Federal  column  following  Hardee's 
corps,  and  that  of  the  skirmishers  of  Wheeler's  troops  with  the  other, 
made  it  evident  in  an  hour  that  the  Federal  forces  would  soon  be  united 
before  us,  and  indicated  that  an  attack  by  them  was  imminent.  To  be 
prepared  for  it,  the  Confederate  army  was  drawn  up  in  a  position  that 
I  remember  as  the  best  that  I  saw  occupied  during  the  war — the  ridge 
immediately  south  of  Cassville,  with  a  broad,  open,  elevated  valley 
in  front  of  it  completely  commanded  by  the  fire  of  troops  occupying  its 
crest. 

"  The  eastern  end  of  this  ridge  is  perhaps  a  mile  to  the  east  of  Cass 
ville.  Its  southwest  end  is  near  the  railroad,  a  little  to  the  west  of  the 
Cassville  Station.  Its  length  was  just  sufficient  for  Hood's  and  Folk's 
corps;  and  half  of  Hardee's,  prolonging  this  line,  was  southwest  of  the 
railroad,  on  undulating  ground  on  which  they  had  only  such  advantage 
as  their  own  labor,  directed  by  engineering,  could  give  them.  They 
worked  with  great  spirit,  however,  and  were  evidently  full  of  con 
fidence.  This  gave  me  assurance  of  success  on  the  right  and  in  the 
center,  where  we  had  a  very  decided  advantage  of  ground. 

Brig. -Gen.  Shoupe,  chief  of  artillery,  had  pointed  out  to  me  what 
he  thought  a  weak  point  near  Gen.  Folk's  right,  a  space  of  one  hun 
dred  and  fifty  or  two  hundred  yards,  which,  in  his  opinion,  might  be 
enfiladed  by  artillery  placed  on  a  hill  more  than  a  mile  off,  beyond  the 
front  of  our  right — so  far,  it  seemed  to  me,  as  to  make  the  danger 
trifling.-  Still,  he  was  requested  to  instruct  the  officers  commanding 
there  to  guard  against  such  a  chance  by  the  construction  of  traverses, 
and  to  impress  upon  him  that  no  attack  of  infantry  could  be  combined 
with  a  fire  of  distant  artillery,  and  that  his  infantry  might  safely  oc 
cupy  some  ravines  immediately  in  rear  of  this  position  during  any  such 
fire  of  artillery. 

"  The  Federal  artillery  began  firing  upon  Hood's  and  Folk's  troops 
soon  after  they  were  formed,  and  continued  the  cannonade  until 
night. 

"  On  reaching  my  tent  soon  after  dark,  I  found  in  it  an  invitation 
to  meet  the  lieutenant-generals  at  Gen.  Folk's  headquarters.  Gen.  Hood 
was  with  him,  but  not  Gen.  Hardee.  The  two  officers, Gen.  Hood  taking 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  249 

the  lead,  expressed  the  opinion  very  positively  that  neither  of  their 
corps  would  be  able  to  hold  its  position  next  day ;  because,  they  said, 
a  part  of  each  was  enfiladed  by  Federal  artillery.  The  part  of  Gen. 
Folk's  corps  referred  to  was  that  of  which  I  had  conversed  with  Brig.- 
Gen.  Shoupe.  On  that  account  they  urged  me  to  abandon  the  ground 
immediately,  and  cross  the  Etowah. 

"  A  discussion  of  more  than  an  hour  followed  in  which  they  very 
earnestly  and  decidedly  expressed  the  opinion,  or  conviction  rather, 
that  when  the  Federal  artillery  opened  upon  them  next  day  it  would 
render  their  position  untenable  in  an  hour  or  two. 

"  Although  the  position  was  the  best  we  had  occupied,  I  yielded  at 
last,  in  the  belief  that  the  confidence  of  the  commanders  of  two  of 
the  three  corps  of  the  army  of  their  inability  to  resist  the  enemy 
would  inevitably  be  communicated  to  their  troops,  and  produce  that 
inability.  Lieut.-Gen.  Hardee,  who  arrived  after  this  decision  remon 
strated  against  it  strongly,  and  was  confident  that  his  corps  could  hold 
its  ground,  although  less  favorably  posted.  The  error  was  adhered 
to,  however,  and  the  position  abandoned  before  daybreak." 

Hardee  was  near  Kingston,  as  will  have  been  seen,  when  the  order 
was  received  to  fall  back  by  way  of  Cartersville  to  Cass  Station,  to 
join  in  the  offensive  movement.  Bate  had  been  skirmishing  from  noon 
till  about  2  o'clock  of  the  ipth  when  the  order  was  received,  and  he 
fell  back  in  the  face  of  the  enemy  successfully,  and  reached  Cass  Station 
about  4  o'clock,  where  he  was  placed  in  support  of  Cleburne,  but 
was  moved  within  an  hour  to  the  extreme  left  of  the  Confederate  po 
sition,  to  hold  himself  as  a  reserve,  and  guard  against  a.  flank  move 
ment  which  the  cavalry  might  be  unable  to  check.  Here  the  Ken 
tucky  Brigade  worked  in  constructing  defenses  till  n  o'clock  in  the 
night,  when  an  order  was  received  to  withdraw  across  Etowah  river, 
and  at  1:30  the  movement  began.  The  division  crossed  and  encamped 
about  three  miles  out  on  the  Altoona  road,  near  the  Etowah  iron 
works. 

This  was  the  morning  of  May  2ist,  and  the  army  remained  in  camp 
here  until  the  23d.  At  2  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  Bate  took  up  line  of 
march  in  the  rear  of  Gen.  Walker,  and  at  night  went  into  bivouac  a 
mile  west  of  Dr.  Smith's,  on  the  Dallas  and  Altoona  road.  Before 
midnight  he  received  orders  to  move  at  2  o'oclock  to  New  Hope 
Church  and  guard  the  approach  on  Johnston's  right  flank  until  the  re 
mainder  of  the  army  passed ;  after  which  he  was  to  bring  up  the  rear 
till  near  Powder  Spring  and  halt  there.  When  the  division  arrived  at 
New  Hope,  the  Kentucky  Brigade,  with  one  section  of  artillery,  was 
formed  in  line  of  battle  across  the  Burnt  Hickory  road.  Smith,  with 
one  section  of  artillery,  was  advanced  to  Dallas  to  support  our  cavalry, 


250  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

the  Florida  Brigade  and  two  batteries  of  Cobb's  battalion  held  in  re 
serve. 

Here,  (May  24th),  there  was  some  fighting.  Smith  became  engaged 
and  was  reenforced  by  two  of  Finley's  regiments.  A  double  line  of 
skirmishers  was  thrown  out,  and  the  enemy  was  driven  back  a  half 
mile,  with  a  slight  loss  to  the  Tennesseeans. 

At  half-past  one  o'clock  that  afternoon,  he  was  ordered  to  withdraw 
to  the  vicinity  of  Dallas,  and  by  noon  of  the  next  day  the  division  was 
encamped  in  line  of  battle  a  mile  and  a  half  east  of  that  place.  Before 
four  o'clock  the  enemy's  infantry,  cavalry,  and  artillery  were  at  Dallas, 
the  Confederate  cavalry  falling  back  before  their  advance.  Defensive 
works  were  promptly  begun,  as  usual,  and  this  work  was  pressed  until 
daylight  next  morning,  May  26th,  but  the  position  was  subjected  to 
artillery  fire  before  night  of  the  25th,  and  skirmishing  occurred,  along 
Bate's  front.  During  the  night  of  the  26th,  a  strong  skirmish  force  cf 
the  enemy  (some  have  reported  this  to  have  been  five  infantry  regi 
ments)  gained  a  foothold  on  the  heights  commanding  the  right  of  the 
division's  main  line.  When  this  was  communicated  to  Gen.  Johnston 
he  ordered  Cheatham  to  storm  the  position  at  daylight  next  morning; 
but  Gen.  Bate  took  the  responsibility  of  preparing  to- retake  the  hill  in 
case  Cheatham  (several  miles  distant)  should  not  arrive  in  time.  Gen. 
Lewis  was  directed  to  take  two  of  his  regiments,  the  Second  and  Fifth 
Kentucky,  and  the  Fifteenth  and  Thirty-seventh  Tennessee,  Smith's 
brigade,  and  take  it  by  storm  at  daylight,  2yth.  It  was  handsomely 
done,  with  the  loss,  however,  of  a  noble  and  gallant  captain  (Rich 
ard  B.  Donaldson)  killed,  and  four  wounded.  In  this  dash  Lewis  drove 
the  enemy  from  the  heights  with  such  rapidity  as  to  forbid  the  capture  of 
more  than  six  or  eight.  Seven  or  eight  were  killed  or  wounded.  Gen. 
Cheatham  arrived  soon  after  and  took  position  on  the  right  of  Bate's 
line,  his  left  occupying  this  height.  Gen.  Walker's  division,  the  same 
day,  was  placed  in  prolongation  of  his  left. 

INCIDENTS  AND  ANECDOTES  :    DURING  THE  DALTON- ATLANTA 
CAMPAIGN. 

I.  They  All  Say  That. — Some  time  during  the  night  of  May 
1 5th,  after  the  army  had  crossed  the  Oostenaula,  the  brigade  was 
making  the  best  of  its  way  in  the  dark  towards  Adairville,  when  some 
horsemen,  coming  up  to  the  rear  of  the  column,  tried  to  proceed  by 
keeping  to  the  road,  which  was  too  full  of  men  on  foot  to  allow  of  easy 
passage.  One  of  them  seemed  to  be  a  little  too  bold  and  persistent  in 
getting  straight  forward,  when  it  was  thought  he  might  feel  his  way  along 
the  flank  through  the  woods.  This  aroused  the  ire  of  a  web-foot  who 
was  being  made  uncomfortable,  and  he  began  saying  words  to  the 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  251 

offender  that  wouldn't  look  well  in  print,  and  at  the  same  time  struck 
the  horse  along  the  side  a  furious  blow  with  his  rifle,  that  threatened  if 
it  did  not  hurt  the  rider's  leg.  Thereupon  the  man  ordered  him  in  an 
angry  tone  to  desist  and  allow  him  to  pass  on,  saying,  "  I  am  Gen. 
Bate!"  That  made  matters  no  better.  ''Oh!"  cried  the  wrathful 
soldier,  still  using  his  gun,  "  I  know.  You  can't  play  it  on  me  that 
way.  Every  scoundrel  that  wants  to  ride  over  us  says  he's  Gen. 
Bate !  "  Whoever  it  was  had  to  hunt  a  route  to  the  head  of  the  col 
umn  by  a  flank  movement,  as  nobody's  name  given  in  the  dark  could 
have  secured  immunity  from  rough  usage  at  the  hands  of  the  men  he 
was  trying  to  press  out  of  his  path. 

II.  "Two  Minutes  to  Get  to  Your  Holes." — Many  stories  are 
current  illustrating  with  what  facility  the  men  of  the  Confederate  and 
Federal  armies  fraternized,  even  during  the  bitterest  years  of  the  war; 
and  they  do  credit  to  American  manhood,  albeit  some  of  them  indicate 
a  certain  disregard  of  military  discipline.     The  real  soldiers  quickly 
learned  to  respect  and  trust  each  other,  and,  when  not  engaged  in  the 
dreadful  pastime  of  killing,  were  inclined  to  chaff  across  the  interval 
between  picket  lines,  even  to  meet  for  the  purpose  of  talking  over 
matters  and  swapping  articles  which  one  had  to  spare  and  the  other 
needed.     The  staples  of  trade  were  chiefly  coffee  and  tobacco — the 
northern  men  being  well  supplied  with  coffee  while  short  on  tobacco, 
and  the  southerner  having  tobacco  to  smoke  and  chew,  while  coffee 
(a  most  valuable  article  in  army  life)  could  hardly  be  procured  at  all 
after  the  blockade  was  established. 

This  story  indicates  the  nature  of  these  odd  little  episodes  in  the 
jjreat  drama,  as  well  as  the  sententious  style  of  the  officer  who  broke 
up  the  meeting:  On  the  Dalton- Atlanta  campaign,  busy  as  the  two 
armies  usually  kept  each  other,  the  respective  outguards  sometimes  had 
their  long  range  passage  of  words  as  well  as  shots,  and  sometimes  met. 
One  morning  (this  I  have  at  second  hand,  but  every  old  Orphan  will 
recognize  it  as  true  to  life  if  not  to  particulars),  Col.  Hervey  Mc 
Dowell  went  out  with  a  detail  to  relieve  the  brigade's  picket.  His 
approach  was  not  perceived  until  he  was  right  upon  their  night  base, 
and  there  he  found  a  squad  of  blues  and  grays  gathered  around  a 
blanket  and  absorbed  in  a  game  of  cards,  whether  for  stakes  or  in  a 
trial  of  skill  is  not  stated.  The  Confederates  knew  McDowell's  grim 
fashion  of  demanding  conformity  to  the  articles  of  war,  and  of  course 
they  were  as  much  disconcerted  as  the  Federals;  but  he  quickly  dis 
pelled  the  fears  of  the  latter  by  giving  them  honorable  terms.  Draw 
ing  his  watch  he  said  to  them  :  "  Boys,  two  minutes  now  to  get  to  your 
noles!  "  It  is  hardly  necessary  to  say  that  they  made  such  use  of  those 
two  minutes  that  they  had  snatched  up  their  weapons  and  were  at  their 
posts  and  ready  for  duty  before  the  time  had  expired. 

III.  War    Could   Not   Make  Them   Inhuman. — Familiarity 
with  scenes  of  blood  during  years  spent  in  the  savage  occupation  of 
killing  enemies  could  not  destroy  the  sensibilities  and  demonize  true 
men.     Gen.  Hewitt  gives  a  case  in  point,  in  connection  with  our  corps 

( >f  sharpshooters  above  alluded  to.  Taylor  McCoy,  Co.  A,  Fourth  Ken 
tucky,  was  apparently  an  unsentimental  devil-may-care  man,  full  of 
light,  and  always  on  hand  when  his  regiment  went  into  battle.  Nobody 
seemed  to  suspect  that  the  shooting  of  a  Federal  soldier  could  disturb 


-252  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

him  in  the  least.  On  the  Dalton-Atlanta  campaign,  he  came  in  one 
day  after  the  corps  had  been  engaged  forward  along  the  front,  and  was 
observed  to  be  sitting  around  moody  and  abstracted.  Hewitt  asked 
him  what  was  the  matter  with  him.  "  Oh,  nothing — nothing."  As 
he  continued  quiet  and  grum,  however,  his  questioner  saw  that  there 
was  some  trouble,  and  he  went  to  him  again  :  ' '  Taylor,  are  you  sick  ?  " 
4  'No,  not  sick;"  then  he  added:  "Well,  I'll  tell  you.  I  did  not 
want  to  kill  the  fellow.  On  the  line  this  morning  some  one  picked  me 
out  and  began  shooting  at  me.  I  watched  my  chance  for  a  shot,  and 
got  it.  I  struck  him,  and  he  screamed.  It  was  the  cry  of  a  boy!  I 
don't  like  to  think  of  having  killed  a  boy !  "  This,  notwithstanding 
the  boy  had  on  a  blue  uniform  and  was  trying  to  kill  him. 

IV.-  Wouldn't  Be  Checked  Off  Till  His  Time  Came.— All 
Presbyterians  have  of  course  a  more  or  less  positive  belief  in  predes 
tination  ;  but  it  does  not  regulate  the  conduct  of  every  one  in  time  of 
difficulty  and  danger.  Col.  McDowell,  however,  seems  to  have  ac 
cepted  the  doctrine  so  literally  as  to  feel  that  his  destiny  was  by  no 
means  in  his  own  keeping,  and  that  on  the  battlefield  any  special  effort 
at  self-preservation  was  unnecessary.  One  day  on  the  Dalton-Atlanta 
campaign,  while  the  brigade  was  in  reserve  and  awaiting  orders  under 
a  pretty  heavy  fire,  he  appeared  to  the  men  to  be  rather  unnecessarily 
exposing  himself,  and  some  of  them  suggested  that  he  get  behind  a 
tree.  He  declined  the  well-meant  advice,  however,  replying  in  his 
positive  way  that  he  would  not  be  killed  till  his  time  came,  no  matter 
which  side  of  the  tree  he  was  on. 

V.  Frank,  the  Soldier  Dog. — Among  the  singular  circumstances 
attending  the  life  of  soldiers,  few  are  more  deserving  of  special  men 
tion  than  the  facts  in  connection  with  this  representative  of  the  canine 
species  in  the  army  of  the  Confederacy.  The  peculiar  ties  existing  be 
tween  men  and  dogs — the  strong  and  constant  attachment  of  the  ani 
mal  for  his  master — have  long  been  the  subject  of  song  and  story.  The 
noble  Newfoundlander,  in  the  snows  of  the  Alps,  seeking  the  be 
nighted  and  storm-caught  traveler,  presents  to  our  minds  the  image  of 
a  benevolent1  intelligence;  and  the  poet  has  made  "  Old  Dog  Tray  " 
the  embodiment  of  unselfish  love,  and  fidelity,  for  which  man  seeks  in 
vain  among  his  fellows,  and  not  always  finds,  even  in  woman,  after  he 
leaves  the  sacred  precincts  of  his  childhood  home,  and  the  domain  that 
is  lighted  by  the  eye  of  his  mother. 

Frank  was  a  sort  of  counterpart  to  Postlethwait,  Capt.  Richard  A. 
Collins's  pet  black  bear,  that  shared  the  fortunes  of  his  battery  in  Gen. 
Joe  Shelby's  splendid  command  of  Missouri  Confederates;  and  to  the 
Militia  Pig  that  campaigned  with  the  Kentucky  volunteers  during  the 
War  of  1812. 

He  was  brought  into  the  Second  Regiment  by  one  of  the  members 
of  Co.  B,  and  long  experienced  with  the  men  the  privations  of  inclem 
ent  season,  scanty  fare  and  hard  marching,  and  the  perils  of  the  field. 
He  went  into  the  engagement  at  Donelson,  was  captured  with  the 
troops,  and  spent  his  six  months  in  prison  at  Camp  Morton  :  and  to  all 
attempts  of  the  Federal  guard  to  coax  him  away,  he  returned  a  silent 
but  very  dignified  refusal,  as  much  as  to  say  that  he  preferred  to  share 
with  his  friends  the  life  of  a  captive  and  the  scraps  of  the  barracks. 

When  the  regiment  was  marched  out  from  the  prison  inclosure,  on 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  253 

the  26th  of  August,  1862,  Frank  was  observed  to  wag  his  tail  joyfully, 
and  he  departed  somewhat  from  his  ordinarily  dignified  demeanor, 
and  was  gleeful  at  the  prospect  of  going  forth  again  to  "  the  stern  joys 
of  the  battle." 

In  more  than  one  subsequent  engagement  he  was  wounded,  but  that 
did  not  deter  him  in  the  least  from  marching  out  promptly  when  the 
"long  roll"  was  sounded  next  time,  and  taking  his  chances.  If  a 
soldier  fell,  Frank  looked  at  him  with  the  eye  of  a  philosopher;  and 
the  close  observer  might  have  discovered  something  of  pity  in  his 
glance,  and  a  half-consciousness  that  the  poor  man  was  dead,  or  in 
:igony,  and  that  he  could  not  help  him.  On  these,  as  indeed  on 
almost  all  occasions,  he  seemed  to  partake  largely  of  the  spirit  of  the 
men.  If  the  conflict  was  obstinate,  Frank  was  silent  and  dogged.  If 
the  men  shouted  in  the  onset,  or  cheered  when  the  ground  was  won, 
he  barked  in  unison. 

He  took  part  in  the  memorable  "snow-ball  battle"  at  Dalton, 
March  22,  1864,  and  was  wounded  in  the  foot,  having  come  in  con 
tact,  during  the  melee,  with  one  of  his  own  species  who  was  serving 
with  an  adverse  party. 

On  the  march  he  frequently  carried  his  own  rations  in  a  small  haver 
sack  hung  on  his  neck. 

He  almost  invariably  went  out,  when  not  "  excused  by  the  surgeon," 
to  company,  regimental,  and  brigade  drills,  sometimes  looking  on  like 
a  reviewing  officer,  but  oftener  taking  part  in  the  maneuvers ;  but  he 
had  a  sovereign  contempt  for  "  dress  parade,"  and  generally  stayed  at 
his  quarters  when  he  found  that  the  men  were  to  go  no  further  than 
the  color-line. 

He  was  rather  choice,  too,  in  his  associates ;  and,  though  widely 
known  and  friendly  to  all,  he  would  not  allow  of  much  familiarity  out 
side  of  his  own  mess.  When  rations  were  short,  he  would  visit  other 
messes,  and  even  other  companies,  and  accept  the  little  that  his  friends 
ion  Id  spare  ;  but  he  did  not  want  them  to  presume  upon  his  sense  of 
obligation,  and  indulge  in  any  thing  like  caresses. 

In  this  way  he  lived  the  soldier's  life.  If  Co.  B  had  a  shelter, 
Frank  had  his  corner  in  it.  When  he  was  shot,  his  wounds  were 
dressed,  and  he  had  no  lack  of  attention.  If  the  commissariat  were 
well  supplied,  he  fed  bountifully,  and  put  on  his  best  looks.  If  life 
were  eked  out  on  "  hard-tack  "  and  a  slice  of  bacon,  or  of  poor  beef, 
Frank  had  but  his  share  of  that,  and  grew  lean  and  hollow-eyed,  like 
his  soldier-friends. 

But,  in  the  summer  campaign  of  1864,  he  disappeared;  and  we 
have  to  write  of  Frank,  the  soldier-dog,  as  we  have  done  of  many  a 
noble  soldier  boy,  "  fate  unknown."  Perhaps  some  admirer  of  his 
species  laid  felonious  hands  upon  him,  and  carried  him  captive  away ; 
or,  perhaps,  a  ball  from  some  "  vile  gun  "  laid  him  low  while  he  was 
taking  a  lonely  stroll  in  the  woods. 


254  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 


CHAPTER    XIV. 

THE  DALTON-ATLANTA  CAMPAIGN,  MAY  5TH  TO  SEPTEMBER  8TH,  1864, 
(CONTINUED). — INCIDENTS  AND  ANECDOTES. 

The  position  of  Johnston's  army,  as  noted  in  preceding  chapter,  was 
essentially  modified  during  the  night  of  May  2yth.  Cheatham's  and 
Walker's  divisions,  excepting  a  line  of  skirmishers,  were  withdrawn, 
and  the  line  from  Higley's  Mill  to  the  left  of  Walker's  skirmish  line, 
left  to  be  defended  by  the  (cavalry)  division  of  Gen.  Jackson  and  by 
Bate's  infantry.  Disposition  being  made  to  that  effect,  the  latter  re 
ceived,  during  the  afternoon,  the  following  communication  from  corps 
headquarters  : 

"Gen.  Johnston  desires  you  to  develop  the  enemy  and  ascertain  his 
strength  and  position,  as  it  is  believed  he  is  not  in  force."  This  was 
in  keeping  with  the  opinion  of  both  Jackson  and  Bate,  and  the  follow 
ing  order  was  thereupon  issued  : 

"  HEADQUARTERS  BATE'S  DIVISION,  3  p.  M., 
May   28th,    1864. 

"  Gen.  Jackson  will  move  his  left  brigade  (Ferguson's)  to  Van  Wort 
Road,  and  have  it  take  position  in  rear  of  Dallas  by  4  P.  M.,  leaving 
a  force  in  observation  on  the  south  and  west  approaches  to  said  town 
of  Dallas.  He  will  have  Ross's  brigade  to  move  in  flank  of  Dallas, 
and  be  ready,  if  necessary,  to  enter  said  town.  Armstrong's  brigade 
will  move  directly  forward,  and  drive  the  enemy ;  and  when  opposi 
tion  ceases  in  his  front,  he  will  swing  on  his  right  as  a  pivot.  Smith's 
infantry  brigade  will  advance  directly  to  the  front,  and  execute  same 
movements  as  Armstrong,  when  able  to  do  so  without  exposing  his 
flank.  Bullock  and  Lewis  (the  latter  commanding,  in  addition  to  his 
brigade,  the  skirmishers  on  his  right),  will  move  at  signal  agreed  upon. 

"  By  command  of  Maj.-Gen.  Bate." 
"C.  J.  MASTIN,  A.  A.  Gen." 

After  this  the  Major-General  had  an  interview  with  brigade  com 
manders,,  and  the  order  was  thus  qualified  verbally  :  "  Develop  him 
by  this  movement,  but,  if  coming  in  contact  with  stubborn  resistance 
behind  the  fences,  withdraw  without  assault,  unless  satisfied  it  can  be 
carried."  Gen.  Armstrong's  brigade  charged,  and  found  the  enemy 
in  force,  and  entrenched.  .He  made  a  gallant  charge,  entered  their 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  255 

intrenchments,  and  captured  a  battery ;  but  a  brigade's  being  hurled 
against  him  caused  his  retirement.  Gen.  Bate  then  ordered  the  move 
ment  on  the  right  to  be  stopped,  the  signal  for  the  advance  of  infantry 
not  yet  being  given. 

The  charge  of  Armstrong's  brigade  was  made  with  a  yell,  which, 
together  with  the  fire  of  musketry  and  the  enemy's  artillery,  caused 
Gen.  Lewis  and  Col.  Bullock,  on  the  right,  to  believe  the  entire  left 
was  charging ;  hence  they  moved  forward,  and  came,  amid  the  thick 
undergrowth,  in  close  range  of  the  enemy's  fire  before  they  were  able 
to  see  their  intrenchments — one  or  two  regiments  of  the  former  taking 
the  first  line  of  the  breast-works  of  the  enemy,  and  the  latter  approach 
ing  near  the  same,  both  driving  everything  before  them,  killing  many 
and  capturing  some  thirty  prisoners.  Smith,  being  near  the  signal 
station,  and  therefore  better  informed,  did  not  advance.  The  prison 
ers  taken  subsequently,  said  that  the  enemy  conceded  a  loss  of  one 
thousand  in  the  fight.  The  enemy  was  found  to  be  in  force  and  in 
trenched — Logan's  corps,  of  three  divisions,  and  Dodge  with  two, 
inder  command  of  McPherson,  and  Jeff  C.  Davis,  of  Palmer's  corps, 
on  the  left.  While  the  movement  accomplished  the  effect  of  ascer 
taining  the  strength  and  position  of  the  enemy,  and  had  perhaps  some 
important  bearing  on  his  subsequent  operations,  it  was  made  at  an 
enormous  sacrifice  to  Kentuckians.  Col.  Bullock  received  the  order 
to  retire  before  Gen.  Lewis  got  it,  and  withdrew,  and  as  Smith  had 
not  advanced  at  all,  both  flanks  of  the  Kentucky  Brigade  were  with 
out  support  after  it  had  rushed  upon  the  enemy's  advanced  line,  as- 
>ailed  by  a  literal  storm  of  shot  and  shell.  Cobb's  artillery  demolished 
;i  battery  of  the  enemy,  drove  it  away,  and  exploded  a  caisson.  The 
brigade  succeeded  as  previously  stated,  in  silencing  the  enemy's 
batteries  in  the  first  line  of  works,  and  drove  his  infantry  along 
its  front  back  into  the  second  line  ;  but  the  fire  was  murderous,  and  to 
Advance  further,  was  certain  destruction  ;  yet  it  held  its  ground  within 
less  than  fifty  yards  of  the  enemy's  line,  that  swarmed  with  riflemen, 
while  some  artillery  in  his  rear  fired  upon  it  as  point-blank  as  possible 
without  endangering  the  men  in  the  trenches. 

When  ordered  to  retire,  those  who  had  not  been  killed  or  wounded 
returned  and  formed  in  their  works.  When  the  signal  was  given  to 
retreat  the  Fifth  Kentucky  had  gotten  to  within  twenty  yards  of  the 
enemy's  rifles,  and  either  misunderstood  or  stubbornly  refused  to  go 
until  Col.  Hawkins  seized  the  colors  and  again  ordered  it  to  the  rear. 
It  was  a  desperate  charge,  and  a  heroic  stand,  well  illustrating  the 
clashing  yet  steady  and  unflinching  courage  of  Kentuckians — the  indom 
itable  will  that  makes  them  maintain  unequal  conflict  and  brave  destruc 
tion  rather  than  falter  or  flee.  The  loss  of  the  brigade  in  the  short 


256  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

period  of  time  was  fifty-one  per  cent. ,  and  among  those  killed  outright 
or  mortally  wounded  were  some  of  our  noblest  officers  and  men. 

The  movement  was  so  futile,  however,  as  compared  with  results, 
and  so  destructive  because  only  partially  carried  out  as  planned,  as  to 
give  rise  to  much  dissatisfaction  and  complaint  at  the  time;  but  subse 
quent  inquiry  and  investigation  developed  the  fact  that  the  Major-Gen- 
eral  had  not  been  either  culpably  rash  or  careless.  He  made  the  fol 
lowing  explanation  of  it  himself,  which  was  accepted  by  Kentuckians 
as  exonorating  him  from  blame,  though  they  had  suffered  so  terribly : 
"The  movement  was  made  upon  full  consultation  with  brigade  com 
manders,  on  the  receipt  and  exhibition  of  Gen.  Johnston's  order,  sent 
that  evening,  through  Lieut. -Gen.  Hardee.  We  being  located  several 
miles  distant  from  the  corps  as  well  as  army  headquarters,  and  the  even 
ing  too  far  spent  to  await  further  communications,  it  was  believed  that 
the  enemy  in  our  front  was  not  in  force ;  that,  as  he  was  several  miles 
from  his  railroad  base,  it  was  merely  a  force  of  observation  to  prevent 
his  right  being  turned.  This  belief  was  partly  induced  from  the  fact 
of  our  having  so  easily  driven  the  enemy,  at  daylight  the  day  before, 
from  the  high  and  advantageous  point  on  my  right,  where  Capt.  Don 
aldson  fell,  as  before  shown,  which  was  the  key  to  the  left  of  Gen. 
Johnston's  line,  as  could  be  seen  by  the  enemy;  and  there  having  been 
no  attempt  to  regain  this  point,  which,  if  occupied,  would  have  re 
versed  the  left  center  of  our  army  line,  to  possess  which  was  all  im 
portant  to  him,  if  his  object  was  either  to  turn  our  left,  or  to  hold,  with 
tenacity,  his  right  in  my  front.  Those,  among  other  reasons,  then  dis 
cussed,  induced  the  belief  with  my  brigade  commanders  and  the  cav 
alry  commander,  as  well  as  in  my  own  mind,  that  the  enemy  was  not 
in  force,  nor  heavily  intrenched  in  my  front;  and  that  he  was  demon 
strating  on  his  right,  to  draw  out  and  thin  Gen.  Johnston's  line,  prepar 
atory  to  assaulting  it  at  a  central  point,  or  to  strike  his  right.  Skirmish 
ers  advanced  in  my  front,  in  order  to  ascertain  his  strength  and  state  of 
his  position,  without  being  able  to  develop  either,  because  of  the  dense 
and  tangled  undergrowth,  and  the  heavy  timber  which  intervened  be 
tween  the  two  opposing  lines ;  and  as  so  many  on  these  advancing 
skirmish  lines  had  been- shot  down  from  ambush,  it  was  concluded  to 
ascertain  the  strength  and  position  of  the  enemy  before  me  that  even 
ing,  as  per  order  of  the  General,  through  my  corps  commander,  and 
especially,  as  he  had  written  it  was  of  the  utmost  importance  to  know — 
we  not  knowing  what  other  dispositions  of  the  General  depended  on 
its  execution;  hence  the  order,  cited  above,  for  the  movement.  It 
will  be  seen  that  the  whole  advance  movement  of  the  infantry  de 
pended  on  the  result  of  Gen.  Jackson's  cavalry  movement  on  the 
extreme  left  of  my  line,  and  a  signal  was  to  be  given  for  his  (Jackson's) 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  257 

movement  alone,  when  he  ascertained  whether  the  enemy,  on  my  ex 
treme  left,  was  in  force  and  intrenched;  and  if  so,  there  was  to  be  no 
signal  given  for  the  advance  of  the  infantry.  Jackson  advanced  Arm 
strong's  brigade  promptly  at  the  first  signal,  which,  by  a  bold,  vigor 
ous  and  direct  assault,  found  him  to  be  in  force  and  intrenched,  and 
reported  to  me  at  once.  I  immediately  forbade  the  signal,  upon  the 
giving  of  which  depended  the  advance  of  the  infantry,  and  hurried 
staff  officers  and  couriers  to  the  brigade  commanders,  ordering  them  to 
remain  in  their  works,  and  not  advance ;  that  the  enemy  in  my  front 
was  strongly  intrenched  and  in  force.  Smith's  infantry  brigade  did  not 
advance,  as  there  had  been  no  signal  to  do  so ;  but  two  brigades,  the 
Kentucky  and  Florida,  did  advance.  Inquiring  into  the  cause,  I 
learned  that  Gen.  Lewis,  on  my  extreme  right,  not  knowing  cause  of 
delay,  thinking,  perhaps,  he  had  failed  to  hear  the  signal  for  his  ad 
vance,  and  that  the  infantry  lines  were  engaged,  sent  an  officer  to  see 
iio\v  this  was.  This  officer  came  down  the  line  to  the  point  where 
Smith's  (the  left  infantry)  brigade  should  have  been,  and  finding 
his  works  (the  line)  vacated,  and  hearing  the  charge  of  Armstrong, 
;ook  it  for  granted  that  Smith  was  engaged,  and  that  the  signal  had 
been  given,  and  under  this  very  natural  impression,  hurried  back  and 
informed  Lewis  that  Smith  was  engaged,  and  that  they  were  behind 
time.  Thereupon  these  two  brigades  charged. 

' '  In  point  of  fact,  the  signal  for  infantry  to  advance  had  not  been 
Ljiven.  Smith  had  not  advanced,  but  had  merely  vacated  his  line  of 
\vorks,  and  formed  line  of  battle  under  the  brow  of  the  hill  immediately 
in  his  front,  so  as  to  move  more  promptly  and  in  better  order  should 
the  signal  be  given.  Thus  it  is  seen  that  the  infantry  movement  de 
pended  altogether  upon  the  information  from  Jackson  as  to  the  strength 
and  position  of  the  enemy  in  his  front,  (which  being  received,  no 
signal  was  given),  and  that  the  partial  and  gallant  fight  was  made  under 
a  misapprehension,  (and  a  very  natural  one  under  the  circumstances).  " 

On  the  29th,  sharpshooters  and  skirmishers  continued  their  work  all 
day,  and,  notwithstanding  the  defenses,  Bate's  division  suffered  some 
what.  At  eleven  o'clock  that  night  while  Stephenson's  brigade  was 
being  moved,  in  accordance  with  order  from  Gen.  Hardee,  from  left 
t  >  right  of  Gen.  Bate's  line,  and  he  was  extending  his  line  to  the  left 
to  cover  interval  thus  made,  the  enemy  opened  a  terrific  fire  on  his 
right  and  drove  in  his  skirmishers,  but  this  night  assault  was  promptly 
repulsed.  Artillery  and  musketry,  however,  continued  at  intervals 
till  nearly  day  to  fire  furiously  upon  the  position.  The  lines  were 
properly  adjusted  during  the  night,  but  no  reply  was  made  after  the 
charge  on  the  right  had  been  repelled,  but  the  expected  assault,  which 
the  men  quietly  awaited,  was  not  made. 

17 


258  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

On  the  3oth  Gen.  Bate  was  reinforced,  and  placing  his  new  troops 
in  the  trenches,  he  sent  Col.  Smith  to  execute  a  flank  movement,  and 
come  down  at  nightfall  on  the  Federal  extreme  right. 

This  was  done.  Striking  the  right  of  their  works  beyond  the  point 
where  Armstrong  had  assaulted,  and  finding  but  little  resistance,  he 
pushed  down  to  the  flank  of  his  line,  then  occupied  only  by  videttes 
and  skirmishers  •  the  main  force  having,  the  night  before,  been  with 
drawn  from  Bate's  entire  front  some  miles  to  his  left,  where  defensive 
works  had  been  put  up  at  right  angles  with  his  main  line.  Smith  re- 
occupied  Dallas,  capturing  a  few  prisoners ;  and  he  was  greeted  by  the 
painful  spectacle  of  finding  our  wounded,  some  twenty  or  thirty,  who, 
on  the  28th,  had  penetrated  the  enemy's  lines,  and  fallen  into  his 
hands,  lying  in  hospitals  and  uncared  for,  some  of  them  with  limbs 
amputated,  and  undressed  for  two  days,  until,  from  neglect — the 
weather  being  warm — insects  had  found  a  lodgment  in  nearly  every 
wound.  There  were  no  attendants,  and  neither  medicine  nor  provis 
ions  left  for  the  wounded  prisoners  who  were  found  there.  Every 
possible  attention  was  given  them,  and  a  detail  of  surgeons  from  their 
respective  brigades  left  with  them.  The  graves  in  rear  of  the  enemy's 
line  indicated  the  serious  punishment  he  received  on  the  28th,  cor 
roborating  the  statement  of  prisoners. 

The  campaign  from  the  yth  of  May  till  the  ist  of  June  had  been  a 
trying  one.  There  had  been  much  and  sometimes  serious  fighting; 
the  losses,  particularly  in  the  Kentucky  Brigade,  had  been  great ;  there 
had  been  repeated  night  marches,  during  which  the  division  had  been 
rear  guard  of  the  army ;  there  had  been  almost  daily  labor  in  the  con 
struction  of  defensive  works, — but  everything  had  been  encountered 
cheerfully  and  executed  promptly,  and  the  spirit  and  zeal  of  officers 
and  men  were  unabated. 

The  enemy  gradually  extended  his  intrenched  line  toward  the  rail 
road,  while  Gen.  Johnston  kept  in  his  front  by  extending  his  own;  but 
his  force  was  rendered  proportionately  weaker  and  weaker,  as  in  many 
instances  the  men  occupied  the  works  not  only  in  single  file  but  even 
a  yard  apart.  Skirmishing  and  cannonading  were  kept  up  almost 
without  intermission  until  the  army  passed  over  the  Chattahoochee 
River,  about  the  middle  of  July.  On  the  morning  of  the  5th  of  June, 
the  enemy  had  again  succeeded  in  gaining  a  position  to  endanger  Gen. 
Johnston's  flank,  when  he  took  up  a  new  line,  extending  from  near  the 
railroad,  between  Acworth  and  Marietta,  to  Lost  Mountain,  on  which 
the  left  rested.  While  the  main  army  occupied  this  line,  Bate's  divis 
ion  was  stationed  on  Pine  Mountain,  in  advance,  and  in  range  of 
three  Federal  batteries.  Cobb's,  Slocomb's,  and  Mebane's  batteries, 
with  also  a  battery  of  Parrott  guns,  were  in  position  on  Pine  Mountain. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  259 

This  force  remained  here  until  the  main  line  was  on  the  point  of  being 
abandoned,  engaged  in  skirmishing,  sharpshooting,  and  cannonading, 
and  enduring  almost  daily  shelling  from  the  various  Federal  batteries 
in  front. 

Gen.  Bate  speaks  as  follows  of  this  position  and  of  the  notable  and 
distressing  casualty  which  occurred  there  : 

"  Pine  Mountain  is  an  isolated  hill  rising  some  two  or  three  hundred 
feet  from  the  level  of  the  plain,  with  graceful  slopes  on  either  flank 
studded  with  timber.  The  distance  from  its  right  to  left  base  across 
the  apex,  as  I  fronted  the  enemy,  was  about  a  mile.  Substantial  re 
sistive  works  were  rapidly  constructed.  The  enemy  appeared  on  my 
front  the  same  day,  but  approached  with  much  caution.  This  point 
was  some  distance  in  advance  of,  and  separated  from  the  line  occupied 
by  the  main  army,  and  hence  was  found  a  serious  obstruction  to  his 
movement,  a  thorn  in  his  pathway,  which  he  could  not  well  pass  with 
out  being  pierced  in  the  flank,  and  dared  not  assault.  The  enemy 
hugged  its  base  as  near  as  practicable,  and  kept  up  a  desultory  fire 
from  his  skirmish  line,  while  he  planted  batteries  and  brought  them  to 
bear  on  my  position.  An  artillery  duel,  rather  furious  at  intervals, 
continued  several  days  with  but  little  effect.  On  the  i4th  day  of 
June,  Lieut.-Gen.  Polk,  in  company  with  Generals  Johnston,  Hardee, 
and  others,  visited  my  Hues,  and  while  making  observations  from  the 
top  of  Pine  Mountain,  Lieut.-Gen.  Polk  was  shot  through  and  in 
stantly  killed  by  a  rifle  cannon  shot  coming  from  a  battery  located  in 
a  right-oblique  direction  from  the  center  of  my  line,  which  was  the 
crown  of  the  mountain.  This  incident  not  only  threw  a  gloom  over 
my  command,  but  appalled  it  with  grief.  His  gallant  bearing,  his  de 
voted  patriotism  and  Christian  virtues,  had  endeared  him  to  officer 
and  private  to  a  degree  rarely  equalled.  This  lone  mountain,  rising 
as  a  solitary  peak  from  a  broad  and  fertile  plain,  in  full  view  of  hamlet 
and  city,  around  the  base  of  which  constantly  sweeps  a  current  of 
population  over  a  great  Southern  thoroughfare,  is  a  fit  monument  to 
his  greatness  and  goodness,  the  more  so  because  nature  seems  to  have 
Luilt  it  there  for  the  occasion." 

On  the  i pth  of  June,  the  Confederate  army  was  formed  with  its  left 
on  or  near  the  Marietta  and  Lost  Mountain  road,  the  right  on  the 
Marietta  and  Canton  road,  while  the  center,  now  under  Gen.  Loring — 
(ien.  Polk  having  been  killed — was  stationed  at  Kenesaw  Mountain. 
I  lood  was  shortly  afterward  moved  from  the  right  to  the  left  of  the 
line,  thus  leaving  Hardee's  corps  in  the  center  and  somewhat  to  the 
kft  of  Kenesaw.  The  same  incessant  skirmishing  and  sharpshooting, 
with  occasional  cannonading,  were  kept  up  here  till  the  night  of  the 
sd  of  July,  when  Gen.  Johnston  withdrew,  first  to  Smyrna  Church, 


260  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

then  to  a  line  of  redoubts  covering  the  Chattahoochee  bridge,  where 
he  remained  till  the  9th,  and  then  crossed  the  river,  establishing  the 
infantry  and  artillery  south  of  Peachtree  Creek.  The  enemy,  by  rea 
son  of  his  greatly  superior  force,  had  been  able  to  move  constantly, 
though  slowly,  on  Atlanta,  flanking  with  strong  columns,  while  still 
leaving  an  army  largely  in  excess  of  Gen.  Johnston's  to  confront  him. 

While  at  Kenesaw  Mountain,  the  most  important  action  in  which 
the  Kentucky  Brigade,  or  any  part  of  it,  was  engaged,  occurred  on 
the  2oth  of  June. 

During  the  day  Gist's  brigade,  prolonging  Gen.  Bate's  line  to  the 
right,  was  covered  in  front  by  a  strong  detachment  of  skirmishers  from 
the  Kentucky  Brigade.  In  the  afternoon,  the  enemy  made  three  un 
successful  assaults  upon  this  outer  line,  then  under  command  of  Capt. 
Price  Newman,  Ninth  Kentucky,  but  he  was  handsomely  repulsed. 
After  being  reinforced,  he  made  a  fourth  attempt,  which  was  success 
ful.  A  new  detail  was  sent  out  under  command  of  Maj.  John  Bird 
Rogers,  Fourth  Kentucky,  who  succeeded  in  retaking  part  of  the  line 
of  rifle  pits,  but  chanced  himself  to  mistake  for  his  own,  in  the  dark,  an 
intrenched  position  from  which  the  enemy  had  not  been  driven,  and, 
here,  it  is  believed  he  was  killed,  as  he  was  not  afterward  heard  of  except 
through  a  rumor  that  a  Confederate  officer  had  run  up  to  the  intrench- 
ments  ordering  the  men  to  take  or  to  hold  the  position.  As  to  what 
ensued  no  information  could  be  obtained.  Lieut.  Hez.  Nuckols,  also 
of  the  Fourth,  was  captured  near  the  place  where  Rogers  is  said  to 
have  struck  the  works.  The  men  to  his  left  succeeded  in  driving  the 
Federal  occupants  of  the  pits  back  upon  their  base,  and  they  held 
them  until  about  midnight,  when  they  were  ordered  to  withdraw. 
Gist's  brigade  withstood  a  strong  line  of  battle  after  Newman's  re 
pulse,  fighting  for  an  hour,  taking  about  fifty  prisoners,  and  driving 
the  main  body  back ;  but  as  he  did  not  man  the  rifle  pits  in  his  front, 
the  enemy  had  lodged  a  strong  line  of  skirmishers  there  before  the  de 
tail  under  Maj.  Rogers  made  the  effort  to  retake  them. 

Except  the  constant  cannonading,  infantry  skirmishes,  and  cavalry 
engagements,  nothing  of  special  note  transpired  till  the  i8th  of  July, 
when  Gen.  Hood  assumed  command,  Gen.  Johnston  having  been  re 
lieved.  To  the  army  in  general  this  was  a  source  of  surprise  and  mor 
tification — to  many,  of  the  bitterest  indignation.  And  nothing  con 
tributed  more  to  the  distrust  with  which  the  measure  was  viewed  than 
the  fact  that  Gen.  Bragg  was  known  to  have  visited  Gen.  Johnston  after 
his  passage  of  the  Chattahoochee.  The  Kentucky  troops  naturally  felt  a 
great  pride  in  Gen.  Hood,  as  a  native  of  their  own  State,  and  a  dash 
ing  officer  in  battle;  but  they  had  the  most  implicit  confidence  in 
Johnston's  generalship,  which  they  had  not  in  Hood's,  and  were  ad- 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  261 

verse  to  any  change.  When  the  order  was  read  to  them,  they  ex 
pressed  their  feelings  according  to  the  various  dispositions  among 
them. 

Gen.  Hood  soon  withdrew  his  main  army  into  the  defensive  works 
around  Atlanta,  and  every  effort  was  made  to  strengthen  them,  while 
the  enemy  approached,  under  cover  of  intrenchments,  and  gradually 
extended  his  lines  toward  each  flank.  A  slight  engagement  took 
place  on  Peachtree  Creek,  on  the  afternoon  of  July  2oth,  in  which 
the  Kentucky  Brigade  participated,  and  suffered  some  loss,  mainly  in 
skirmishers  under  Col.  Conner,  who  charged  those  of  the  enemy  and 
drove  them  across  the  creek. 

After  being  up  and  in  motion  nearly  all  night  of  the  2oth,  Bate's 
division  was  moved  from  the  west  of  the  Burkhead  road  to  the 
Atlanta  and  Augusta  railroad,  on  the  2ist,  then  back  to  the  first  po 
sition. 

Hardee's  corps  had  orders  to  proceed  to  the  vicinity  of  Decatur,  a 
small  town  east  of  Atlanta,  for  the  purpose  of  attacking  the  flank  of 
the  Federal  army,  extended  to  their  left  across  the  Georgia  railroad ; 
and  about  dark  Bate  moved  his  command,  though  much  fatigued, 
through  Atlanta,  down  the  McDonough  road  for  some  miles,  and  then 
to  Cobb's  Mill  on  Intrenchment  Creek.  The  march  was  slow  and 
toilsome,  and  the  point  was  not  reached  till  3  o'clock  on  the  morning 
of  the  22d.  Two  hoars  afterward,  he  moved  in  the  direction  of 
Decatur,  and  formed  line  of  battle  on  the  extreme  right  of  Hardee's 
corps.  His  first  orders  were  to  form  in  two  lines,  with  his  right  rest 
ing  at  Mrs.  Parker's,  on  the  Decatur  road,  and  then  to  move,  at  such 
time  as  might  be  designated,  in  the  direction  of  Renfro's,  on  the 
Atlanta  and  Augusta  railroad. 

When  in  motion  to  assume  this  position,  a  staff  officer  from  corps 
headquarters  overtook  and  directed  Gen.  Bate,  by  order  of  Gen. 
Hardee,  to  halt  and  form  in  manner  directed  half  a  mile  before  reach 
ing  Mrs.  Parker's,  parallel  to  the  road  on  which  Bate  was  moving. 
This  he  did  by  placing  Lewis'  brigade  and  part  of  Finley's  in  the  front 
line,  and  Tyler's  (Col.  Smith)  and  the  other  regiments  of  Finley's 
brigade  in  rear  line.  Slocomb's  Battery,  of  Cobb's  battalion,  being 
the  only  artillery  with  him,  was  placed  between  the  two  lines,  and  be 
ing  unable  to  move  through  the  dense  wood  and  with  the  line,  was 
directed  to  take  a  left-hand  road,  which  turned  off  in  the  neighborhood 
•  >f  Mrs.  Parker's,  and,  as  soon  as  possible,  to  unite  with  the  lines  in 
ihe  forward  movement.  Caswell's  battalion  accompanied  as  a  support. 
The  Major-General  had  been  informed  by  Gen.  Hardee  that  a  brigade 
irom  Cheatham's  division,  would  be  ordered  to  him  as  a  reserve  force, 
lor  which,  after  getting  in  line,  he  made  fruitless  application.  In  lieu 


262  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

thereof,  a  part  of  a  cavalry  regiment  reported  to  him  for  duty,  and  de 
ployed  in  his  front,  with  instructions  to  remain  stationary  until  a  line 
of  battle  was  put  in  motion,  and  to  keep  well  advanced  until  the 
enemy's  locality  was  ascertained,  and  then  to  retire  by  the  right  flank 
and  form  on  Bate's  right.  In  this  formation  the  division  remained  for 
an  hour  or  more,  waiting  for  the  command  on  the  left  to  get  in  po 
sition. 

This  command,  as  Gen.  Bate  understood,  was  to  be  governed  in  its 
alignment  by  his  position;  but  Gen.  Walker  informed  him  that  his 
(Walker's)  orders  were  to  form  on  Cleburne,  and  all  were  to  dress  to 
the  left.  This  was  contrary  to  original  order,  and  fearing  that  it  might 
materially  affect  his  movements,  he  sent  a  staff  officer  for  definite  in 
structions,  who  brought  an  order,  after  the  division  was  in  motion, 
facing  toward  the  railroad,  to  dress  to  the  left.  Wheeler's  cavalry, 
meanwhile,  passed  his  right,  moving  in  the  direction  of  Decatur,  and 
when  it  formed  facing  the  enemy,  a  gap  of  a  mile  or  more  was  left  be 
tween  Bate's  extreme  right  and  Wheeler's  left,  and  there  was  no  com 
munication  between  these  commanders  during  the  day. 

Skirmishers  having  been  deployed,  the  line  was  put  in  motion,  and 
governed  in  its  movements  by  the  command  on  the  left.  The  under 
growth  was  dense,  and  the  surface  of  the  country  undulating,  with  a 
small  stream,  skirted  with  broad  and  miry  bottoms  along  the  route. 
Upon  ascending  the  hill  beyond  the  stream,  the  lines  were  so  placed 
as  to  necessitate  an  adjustment.  While  waiting  for  this,  Bate  was 
ordered  to  move  forward  at  once.  He  advanced  his  lines  through  an 
old  field,  beyond  which  he  again  corrected  the  alignment,  believing, 
from  information  received,  that  the  enemy  was  but  little  distance  in 
his  front,  and  probably  not  aware  of  the  Confederate  approach;  and 
receiving  another  peremptory  order  to  move  at  once  upon  the  enemy, 
he  advanced  before  the  lines  on  his  left  were  adjusted.  He  had  pro 
ceeded  but  a  short  distance  before  the  enemy  opened  the  artillery  in 
front,  across  a  wooded  bottom,  filled  with  an  almost  impenetrable  un 
dergrowth,  in  which  there  was  an  old  mill-pond  (Widow  Perry's),  filled 
with  the  debris  and  brushwood  peculiar  to  such.  His  order  was  to 
move  right  on,  regardless  of  obstacles,  resisting  every  impediment, 
and,  if  possible,  overrun  the  enemy.  The  alignment  had  been  adjusted, 
but  it  was  impossible  to  keep  it  so,  in  consequence  of  the  thick  under 
growth  forbidding  any  scope  of  vision  as  well  as  penetration  in  line, 
and  the  various  obstacles  preventing  regularity  of  motion.  There  had 
been  no  opportunity  for  reconnoitering,  and  he  was  ignorant  of  what 
was  in  his  front;  but  it  was  believed  the  enemy  was  without  defenses, 
and  hence  the  desire  to  move  rapidly,  and  strike  him  before  he  had  time 
to  make  them  after  discovering  Bate's  approach.  This  was  a  mistake. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  263 

The  skirmishers  soon  began  their  work.  The  men  moved  forward 
with  alacrity  and  spirit.  On  the  comb  of  the  hill  which  overlooked 
this  boggy  bottom  the  enemy  had  a  strong  force,  with  breastworks  and 
heavy  batteries  crowning  the  eminence.  The  assailants  were  under 
the  fire  of  small  arms  before  this  fact  was  known.  The  line  moved  on, 
though  of  necessity  in  fragments,  as  only  stout  and  athletic  men  were 
able  to  pass  the  morass  in  good  time,  while  many  were  killed  and 
wounded  in  struggling  through  its  mire.  The  undergrowth  so  ob 
structed  the  river  that  the  second  line  closed  almost  upon  the  first. 
The  enemy  not  yet  being  engaged  upon  the  left  of  Bate's  division, 
opened  his  batteries  (one  of  eighteen  guns),  and  his  small  arms  upon 
that  flank,  and  caused  the  line,  without  proper  orders,  to  move  by  the 
right  flank.  There  was  also  a  heavy  fire  from  the  front;  yet,  but  for 
the  unfortunate  right  flank  movement,  the  works  would  have  been  car 
ried  and  held.  The  men  advanced  upon  them  with  such  spirit  as  to 
cause  the  enemy  to  evacuate  them  in  places;  but  finding  so  few  Con 
federates  able  to  gain  them,  the  retiring  Federals  rallied,  were  re 
inforced,  and  drove  away  the  gallant  spirits  who  had  pressed  so  far 
forward.  This  division  now  numbering  not  more  than  twelve  hun 
dred  men,  was  reformed,  and  skirmishers  were  thrown  out  to  renew 
the  attack.  Its  battery  was  also  brought  into  play  on  the  enemy's 
lines  to  divert  him  from  reinforcing  other  parts  of  them  which  were 
being  assaulted  with  more  success.  On  the  left  of  Bate  the  enemy  be 
gan  to  advance,  but  was  checked  by  the  skirmishers ;  but  the  condi 
tion  of  the  division  did  not  justify  a  renewal  of  the  attack  in  force. 
Bate  asked  for  reinforcements  with  which  to  do  so  by  moving  some 
what  to  the  right,  and  Maney's  brigade,  under  Gen.  Walker,  came  up 
shortly  afterward ;  but  before  anything  could  be  done  both  this  and  a 
brigade  of  his  own  (Tyler's)  were  ordered  off  by  Gen.  Hardee  for 
operations  in  another  part  of  the  field,  and  the  remainder  of  the  com 
mand  merely  held  the  ground  and  did  what  it  could  to  bring  off  the 
wounded  and  bury  such  of  the  dead  as  had  not  fallen  in  and  under  the 
Federal  works. 

The  Kentucky  Brigade  was  peculiarly  unfortunate  in  this  affair. 
When  it  came  within  sight  of  the  enemy  it  was  at  once  absolutely  with 
out  cover,  at  short  range,  and  met  by  a  withering  volley,  rapidly  re 
peated  and  unusually  destructive ;  while  the  artillery  played  fairly 
upon  both  front  and  reserve  lines.  In  a  very  brief  space  of  time  one 
'Hundred  and  thirty-five  men  were  killed  and  wounded,  and  it  was 
noted  that  more  than  the  wonted  number  of  the  most  excellent  officers 
and  men  of  the  command  fell  there.  An  effort  was  made  to  advance, 
but  the  confusion  and  destruction  rendered  it  futile.  The  brigade  was 


264  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

withdrawn  by  order  and  retired  without  panic,  though  subjected  to  a 
galling  fire  while  falling  back. 

The  attack  on  the  left  of  Bate's  division  had  been  far  more  success 
ful,  and,  altogether,  something  was  achieved,  but  nothing  to  compen 
sate  for  the  loss  sustained.  On  the  left,  the  enemy  had  been  driven 
from  his  works,  and  several  pieces  of  artillery,  with  nearly  a  thousand 
prisoners,  had  been  captured. 

The  corps  retired  next  day  into  the  defenses  around  Atlanta,  which 
was  now  virtually  in  a  state  of  siege.  The  Federal  artillery  approached 
so  near,  that,  by  the  ist  of  August,  it  was  throwing  shells  into  the 
principal  streets  of  the  city.  Gen.  Lewis  was  sent  with  his  brigade, 
on  the  2pth  of  July,  to  interrupt  a  raiding  party  coming  across  by  way 
of  Fairburn  and  Fayetteville  for  the  purpose  of  striking  the  Macon 
road  at  Jonesboro';  but  the  main  body  crossed  the  railroad  lower  down, 
and  nothing  was  effected  beyond  the  capture  of  a  few  prisoners,  after 
which  he  returned  to  Atlanta,  and  resumed  his  place  in  the  division. 

On  the  5th  of  August,  the  Kentucky  Brigade,  and  that  of  Tyler, 
or,  at  least,  a  'portion  of  Tyler's,  were  ordered  to  form  an  extended 
line,  perpendicularly  to  the  main  works,  and  running  from  near  the 
extreme  left  of  the  curve  line  occupied  by  the  Confederate  force. 
These  troops  were  placed  in  single  file,  a  yard  apart,  extending  far  out 
on  the  Sandtown  road,  and  in  the  neighborhood  of  Utoy  Creek. 
Skirmish  pits  were  immediately  constructed  in  advance,  and  the  main 
line  also  fortified.  At  an  early  hour  next  morning  (August  6th)  the 
enemy  appeared,  and  lively  skirmishing  began.  About  one  in  the 
afternoon,  the  position  was  charged  in  gallant  style  by  two  Federal 
brigades.  They  were  allowed  to  approach  very  near,  having  driven 
in  the  skirmishers,  but  were  thrown  back  in  great  confusion.  Three 
different  assaults  were  made,  but  with  a  like  result;  and  they  finally 
retired,  with  the  exception  of  a  portion  who  were  sheltered  beyond  a 
kind  of  abrupt  hill,  in  front  of  Tyler's  brigade,  against  which,  and 
the  Second  and  Fourth  Regiments,  the  attack  had  been  mainly  directed. 
These  were  charged  by  Col.  Tom  Smith,  commanding  Tyler's  brigade, 
and  dispersed.  About  thirty  of  them  were  captured.  The  success 
was  very  decided,  and  the  troops  were  complimented  by  Lieut. -Gen. 
Stephen  D.  Lee,  who  had  succeeded  to  the  command  of  Folk's  old 
corps,  to  which  Bate's  division  was  now  temporarily  attached.  The 
following  is  an  extract  from  Gen.  Lee's  congratulatory  order  issued  on 
the  next  day:  "The  lieutenant-general  commanding  takes  pleasure 
in  announcing  to  the  officers  and  men  of  this  corps  the  splendid  con 
duct  of  a  portion  of  Bate's  division,  particularly  Tyler's  brigade,  and 
the  Second  and  Fourth  Kentucky  Regiments,  of  Lewis'  brigade,  in 
sustaining  and  repulsing,  on  yesterday  afternoon,  three  assaults  of  the 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  265 

enemy,  in  which  his  loss  in  killed,  wounded,  and  prisoners,  was  from 
eight  hundred  to  a  thousand  men,  with  two  colors,  three  or  four  hun 
dred  small  arms,  and  all  of  his  intrenching  tools.  Our  loss  was  from 
fifteen  to  twenty  killed  and  wounded.  Soldiers  who  fight  with  the 
coolness  and  determination  that  these  men  did,  will  always  be  victo 
rious  over  any  reasonable  number." 

During  the  evening,  however,  a  large  body  of  Federal  troops  suc 
ceeded  in  turning  the  left  of  this  traverse  force,  and  it  was  thus  com 
pelled  to  retire  into  the  main  defenses  that  night. 

About  the  last  of  August,  when  it  was  known  that  the  enemy  was 
moving  to  the  left  and  threatening  the  Macon  road,  now  the  only  one 
open  into  Atlanta,  Bate's  division  was  ordered  to  East  Point.  The 
Kentucky  Brigade  was  detached  and  sent  to  Jonesboro',  where  it  was 
joined  by  an  Arkansas  brigade,  detached  from  another  division.  A  dis 
patch  from  Gen.  Armstrong  announced  the  enemy  advancing  in  heavy 
force,  and  Gen.  Lewis,  the  ranking  officer,  in  command  of  the  two 
brigades,  ordered  them  to  throw  up  works  hastily,  with  a  view  to 
the  protection  of  the  town.  This  was  done  on  the  2pth  of  August.  At 
an  early  hour  on  the  3oth,  a  cavalry  commander  reported  that  the 
Federals  would  certainly  reach  Jonesboro'  by  the  close  of  the  day. 
Gen.  Lewis  continued  to  press  forward  his  preparations  to  check  them 
and  prevent  the  destruction  of  the  railroad,  as  the  immediate  fate  of 
Atlanta  depended  upon  this.  Late  in  the  afternoon  the  cavalry  was 
driven  into  the  town,  and  skirmishing  began  from  the  outworks.  The 
enemy,  meeting  with  a  stubborn  resistance,  and  unable  to  detect  the 
real  weakness  of  the  force  confronting,  encamped  for  the  night,  and 
twenty  thousand  men  were  thus  held  at  bay  by  a  few  hundred.  During 
the  night,  Hardee  hurried  out  with  the  remainder  of  his  own,  and 
with  Lee's  corps,  and  reached  the  place  about  daylight  on  the  morning 
of  the  3 1  st. 

It  was  now  conceived  to  attack  the  enemy  with  these  two  corps  be 
fore  he  could  get  into  position ;  but  the  night  march  had  been  pro 
ductive  of  straggling,  and  the  Confederates  were  not  well  in  hand  until 
noon  of  that  day,  by  which  time  the  Federals  had  gotten  into  position 
and  fortified.  At  three  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  a  charge  was  ordered, 
but  proved  wholly  unsuccessful,  the  Confederates  were  repulsed  with 
loss,  and  returned  to  the  shelter  of  their  works.  The  interval  over 
which  the  charging  column  had  to  pass,  was,  for  the  most  part,  an 
open  plain  or  field  terminated  by  rough,  and,  in  some  places,  almost 
impassable  ground  in  the  immediate  front  of  the  Federal  works.  Bat 
teries  were  advantageously  posted,  so  that,  in  addition  to  the  small 
arms  of  the  enemy,  the  air  seemed  literally  swarming  with  screaming 
.and  bursting  shells,  as  the  assailants  moved  across  the  field  toward  the 


266  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

Federal  position.  Lewis'  brigade  pressed  closely  upon  the  works,  butr 
owing  to  the  ground,  was  unable  to  preserve  formation,  and  could  have 
reached  them  only  by  detached  parties,  moving  on  to  certain  destruc 
tion. 

The  loss  of  the  brigade  was  severe,  and  among  the  killed  and  those 
who  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  enemy  and  died  in  prison,  were  several 
gallant  and  meritorious  officers,  and  privates  no  less  distinguished  in 
their  sphere. 

It  was  now  evident  that  Atlanta  must  be  abandoned,  and  Hood's 
forces  be  concentrated  as  speedily  as  possible  to  prevent  more  dire 
misfortunes  than  had  yet  befallen  them.  Lee  was  hurried  back  with 
his  command  to  enable  the  corps  yet  in  Atlanta  to  withdraw  without 
being  cut  to  pieces  in  the  attempt,  thus  leaving  Hardee  alone  to  hold 
the  works  around  Jonesboro'. 

On  the  morning  of  September  ist,  the  Kentucky  Brigade  was  or 
dered  to  the  depot  to  take  the  cars  for  some  point,  but  after  remaining 
there  till  the  afternoon,  it  was  moved  to  the  extreme  right  of  the  Con 
federate  line,  and  placed  in  single  file,  three  feet  apart,  with  orders  to  dig 
pits  and  prepare  as  speedily  as  possible  to  receive  an  attack.  Govan's 
brigade  reported  to  Gen.  Lewis,  who  was  to  command  the  entire 
force,  leaving  his  own  brigade  in  immediate  command  of  Col.  Cald- 
well.  The  line  to  which  they  were  assigned  had  been  designated  by 
some  officer  of  engineers,  and  when  the  two  brigades  were  formed, 
the  Kentuckians  occupied  a  space  between  the  Macon  road  (west  or 
northwest  of  Jonesboro')  and  the  wagon  road  leading  to  Atlanta,  their 
right  resting  on  the  railroad.  Govan's  brigade  prolonged  this  line  to  the 
left,  but  curving  rapidly  toward  the  south,  since  a  prolongation  in  a  di 
rect  line  with  the  position  occupied  by  the  Kentucky  Brigade  would 
have  thrown  Govan  among  the  Federal  troops,  who  were  on  that  part 
of  the  line,  much  in  advance  of  the  force  immediately  in  front  of  Col. 
Caldwell.  Opposite  the  point  of  contact  between  the  Kentucky 
Brigade  and  Govan's  where  the  curve  began,  and  almost  on  a  line 
with  the  former,  was  a  Federal  battery,  which,  firing  at  Govan's  right, 
threw  its  shot  in  rear  of  the  Kentucky  Brigade,  having  almost  a  perfect 
enfilade,  while  an  accident  to  Govan's  line  would  throw  the  Ken 
tuckians  between  the  force  in  their  front  and  another  assailing  their 
rear.  After  the  troops  had  formed  and  begun  fortifying,  Gen.  Hardee 
and  staff  rode  out,  and,  meeting  with  Capt.  Hewitt,  inquired  about 
the  position.  He  had  discovered  its  weakness,  and  immediately 
pointed  it  out,  but  it  was  too  late  to  rectify ;  and  in  answer  to  a  ques 
tion  as  to  whether  the  Kentucky  Brigade  could  hold  its  position  or 
not,  he  replied,  that  though  an  exceedingly  bad  one,  he  thought  it 
could,  but  that  he  feared  the  line  on  the  left  was  in  danger,  and  that, 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  267 

on  the  whole,  the  situation  was  a  perilous  one.  He  advised  that  a 
battery  be  placed  across  the  road  at  such  a  point  as  to  enfilade  the 
enemy  in  case  he  should  occupy  the  pits  of  the  Kentuckians,  or  fire 
upon  his  right  front  if  Govan  should  be  driven  back.  Gen.  Hardee 
had  two  guns  placed  near  the  point  indicated.  The  men  worked  as 
rapidly  as  possible  with  such  intrenching  tools  as  they  had,  but  these 
were  few  and  poor.  One  company,  which  was  about  as  well  supplied 
as  any,  had  an  old  ax,  with  a  rough  bit  of  sapling  for  a  handle,  one  old 
shovel,  and  their  frying-pans  (which  they  used  to  throw  out  dirt  with 
after  the  soil  had  been  broken  with  the  ax  and  shovel,  and  the  sandy 
earth  was  reached).  They  had  scarcely  begun  this  work,  when  the 
Federal  batteries  opened  on  them,  striking  front  and  rear — some  shots 
rolling  into  the  half-made  pits  while  the  men  were  in  them  at  work ;  and 
before  they  could  finish  even  slight  defenses,  the  enemy's  infantry 
were  upon  them.  Under  cover  of  the  thick  undergrowth,  the  Fed 
erals  massed  a  large  body  of  troops  and  advanced  along  the  whole 
front  of  both  the  brigades  under  Gen.  Lewis.  The  first  assault  was 
handsomely  repulsed,  their  lines  retreating  in  great  confusion  ;  but  they 
again  formed,  and  in  greater  force;  and  in  the  second  attempt  the  half- 
finished  works  of  Govan  were  carried.  Both  the  left  flank  and  the 
rear  of  the  Kentucky  Brigade  was  now  exposed,  and  Col.  Caldwell 
attempted  to  withdraw,  and  would  have  done  so,  had  not  an  order  been 
transmitted  from  Gen.  Cleburne,  that  the  works  should  be  held,  as 
reinforcements  would  promptly  assist  in  reestablishing  the  broken  left. 
But  he  had  scarcely  time  to  order  them  back  into  the  pits  before  the 
Federals  were  pouring  in  behind  his  line.  The  men  fought  desperately, 
and  refused  to  surrender  until  they  knew  themselves  hopelessly  sur 
rounded.  The  Ninth  Regiment,  on  the  left  flank,  and  first  reached, 
behaved  with  defiant  gallantry,  till  convinced  that  it  was  useless  to  con 
tend  longer. 

It  is  not  in  keeping  with  the  general  tenor  of  our  plan,  to  notice 
cither  officers  or  men  individually  in  the  course  of  the  general  narra 
tives,  as  all  are  accounted  for  in  another  department  of  the  work;  but 
we  may  venture  to  record,  as  a  mere  example  of  the  determination 
with  which  the  enemy  was  resisted,  that  Lieut.  Boyd  was  killed  here, 
refusing  to  surrender,  while  another  officer,  it  is  said,  was  pulled  out  of 
a  pit  by  the  hair  of  his  head,  for  the  same  reason,  and  a  strong  force 
was  at  their  backs,  as  well  as  having  gained  the  front,  before  any  of 
them  surrendered.  About  two  hundred  of  the  Kentucky  Brigade 
were  captured,  and  most  of  Govan's  brigade.  When  matters  became 
hopeless,  all  who  could  do  so  escaped,  by  darting  rapidly  into  the  brush 
in  the  rear,  as  the  Federals  pressed  up  the  line.  Gen.  Lewis  caused 
the  two  guns,  placed  in  position  as  heretofore  described,  to  open  on  the 


268  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

enemy  now  occupying  the  Confederate  works,  and  the  fragments  of  the 
regiments  were  formed  back  somewhat  in  the  rear  of  the  left  of  the  line 
which  had  been  occupied  by  Govan's  brigade,  and  ordered  to  fire  in 
cessantly  in  the  direction  of  the  enemy,  who  was  thus  deceived,  and 
failed  to  advance,  though  there  was  nothing  in  his  front  to  prevent  it; 
and  but  for  the  prompt  action  of  Gen.  Lewis,  and  the  circumstance  of 
the  battery's  being  in  the  right  place,  Hardee's  entire  corps  would  have 
been  destroyed. 

The  casualties  of  the  Kentucky  Brigade  were  few  compared  with 
those  of  the  day  preceding,  but  the  loss  of  the  captured  was  sorely 
felt  in  a  command  already  so  greatly  reduced  by  three  years'  constant 
service  in  the  field. 

That  night,  Hardee  retreated  to  Lovejoy's,  and  erected  new  works, 
preparatory  to  checking  the  foe  till  the  remainder  of  the  army  could 
arrive  from  Atlanta.  The  other  corps  came  out  speedily,  and  the 
Confederate  forces  were  once  more  intact.  The  enemy  appeared  in 
front  on  the  morning  of  the  3d,  but  did  not  seem  disposed  to  offer 
battle.  Bate's  division  was  ordered  that  evening  to  proceed  to  Bear 
Creek  Station,  four  miles  farther  down  the  railroad,  for  the  purpose  of 
checking  a  cavalry  raid,  said  to  be  heading  in  that  direction. 

The  only  occurrence  at  this  point,  of  special  importance  to  any,  was 
the  reception  of  an  order  by  Gen.  Lewis,  to  proceed  to  Griffin,  for 
the  purpose  of  having  his  command  mounted;  and  thus  the  infantry 
service  of  the  Kentucky  Brigade,  as  also  its  connection  with  the  Army 
of  Tennessee,  terminated  here. 

INCIDENTS  AND  ANECDOTES. 

I.  Lieut.  Geo.  Hector  Burton  and  His  Sharpshooters. — 

I  believe  that  this  officer  took  more  pleasure  in  a  fight  than  any  other 
man  I  ever  knew.  He  was  never  wounded,  but  he  exposed  himself 
recklessly.  When  one  of  his  sharpshooters  fell,  either  killed  or  dis 
abled,  and  a  new  one  volunteered  to  take  his  place,  Burton  would  take 
that  man  and  expose  him,  with  himself,  to  the  severest  fire  from  the 
enemy — generally  to  artillery  firing.  If  the  new  man  stayed  with  him 
without  hunting  cover,  that  would  be  the  last  time  he  would  put 
him  in  danger  unless  it  was  absolutely  necessary;  but  if  he  flinched  he 
was  sent  right  back  to  his  company. 

He  had  an  order  never  to  take  his  men  within  less  than  four  hun 
dred  yards  of  the  enemy ;  but  he  was  impetuous,  and  when  the  bri 
gade  swept  by  on  the  charge  at  Dallas,  he  said  to  the  sharpshooters, 
"Boys,  let's  go ;  it  is  too  glorious  to  miss!"  They  caught  his  en 
thusiasm  and  sprang  forward,  and  one  of  them  was  killed  within 
twenty  yards  of  the  enemy's  breastworks.  That  night  he  and  those 
who  were  not  disabled  crawled  in  a  pouring  rain  to  those  works,  feel 
ing  around  in  the  dark  as  they  neared  them  for  their  fallen  com- 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  269 

rade  and  his  gun,  but  they  found  neither.  One  gun  had  previously 
been  lost.  Soon  after  the  corps  of  ten  was  organized  and  armed, 
one  man  got  a  bullet  fast  about  midway  the  barrel  of  his,  and  failing 
to  dislodge  it  otherwise,  tried  to  melt  it,  and  so  spoiled  the  gun. 
Thus  the  lieutenant  was  left,  after  the  Dallas  fight,  with  but  eight. 

It  was  seldom  that  all  these  were  together,  except  at  night,  being 
divided  into  twos  and  fours  when  on  duty.  Burton's  indifference  to 
danger  was  conspicuously  shown  in  visiting  the  little  squads.  He 
seemed  to  know  intuitively  which  was  in  the  hottest  place,  and  there 
he  was  sure  to  go  and  do  what  he  could  to  protect,  while  his  presence 
cheered  and  encouraged,  the  men,  whose  comfort  was  his  chief  and 
ever-present  care. 

While,  as  noted  above,  the  young  commander  would  have  none  but 
the  best,  it  may  not  be  invidious  to  mention  Taylor  McCoy.  He 
seemed  to  take  a  stern  delight  in  fighting,  and  was  cool,  calculating,  de 
liberate,  and  daring.  He  was  unquestionably  one  of  the  very  best. 

When  the  brigade  was  mounted  and  Gen.  Hardee  was  to  accompany 
Mood  and  so  lose  his  Kentuckians,  he  had  Burton  and  the  men  who 
at  that  time  constituted  the  corps  to  come  to  his  headquarters,  where 
he  addressed  them  substantially  as  follows :  "  Men,  I  am  sorry  to  part 
uith  you;  I  hate  to  give  you  up.  Had  every  man  in  our  army  been 
as  effective  as  you,  had  they  every  one  done  as  much  execution  as 
each  of  you,  Sherman  would  not  now  have  a  man  left." — JV.  Frank 
Smith,  (Second  Ken  tuck}'). 

II.  Another  Comrade's  Account  of  Burton's  Men. — About 
the  apth  of  April,  1864,  a  corps  of  sharpshooters  was  organized  in  the 
brigade,  consisting  of  two  from  each  of  the  five  regiments.  They  were 
armed  with  English  Kerr  rifles,  a  magnificent  muzzle-loading  gun,  and 
c  artridges  of  English  manufacture  capable  of  throwing  a  ball  the  distance 
of  a  mile  with  deadly  accuracy.  Lieut.  George  Hector  Burton  was  as 
signed  to  the  command  of  this  corps  under  the  immediate  direction  of 
the  brigade  commander.  Its  theater  of  operations  embraced  the  entire 
length  of  the  brigade  line  of  battle. 

The  boys  had  been  chosen  because  of  their  superior  marksmanship ; 
and  their  principal  duty  was  to  pick  off  the  gunners  of  such  batteries 
as  made  themselves  troublesome  when  not  in  regular  battle.  Batteries 
hidden  behind  their  breastworks  frequently  became  very  annoying  to 
us,  throwing  shot  and  shell  among  us.  Securing,  if  possible,  a  posi 
tion  commanding  a  view  of  the  battery,  the  boys  soon  obtained  the 
range,  and  as  the  smoke  of  the  gun  announced  its  discharge,  they  were 
enabled  to  pour  a  volley  into  the  embrasure,  which  almost  surely  caught 
some  of  the  gunners,  who,  at  that  moment,  ran  up  to  swab  and  reload 
the  piece.  So  much  execution  was  done  by  this  kind  of  fighting  that 
batteries  exposed  to  view  seldom  took  the  risk  of  firing  unless  some 
emergency  required  it. 

There  was  a  freedom  and  hazard  in  this  sort  of  warfare  which  made 
it  fascinating  to  the  boys,  though  no  less  than  seventeen  of  them  were 
killed  or  disabled  during  the  march  to  Atlanta.  As  fast  as  they  fell 
others  took  their  places.  No  part  of  the  army  did  more  effective  ser 
vice  during  the  fearful  campaign  than  did  those  skillful,  fearless  sharp 
shooters.  Many  a  battery  did  they  silence  which  might  otherwise 
have  done  us  serious  injury. 


270  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

Here  I  will  relate  an  incident  showing  the  cool  gallantry  of  Lieut. 
Burton.  At  the  battle  of  Jonesboro',  on  the  first  day  of  September,  he, 
with  his  men,  occupied  the  extreme  right  of  our  line ;  the  shadows  of 
night  were  beginning  to  fall  upon  the  combatants;  the  gathering 
gloom  and  a  dense  undergrowth  of  timber  made  it  difficult  to  distin 
guish  a  friend  from  a  foe.  Burton,  while  striving  to  rally  a  mass  of 
fugitives,  calling  upon  them  to  follow  him  as  he  moved  forward,  ran 
suddenly  against  a  soldier  who  ordered  him  to  surrender.  Looking 
quickly  around  he  found  himself  confronted  with  a  gun  in  the  hands 
of  a  grim-looking  blue-coat,  who  repeated  his  demand.  A  glance  sat 
isfied  him  that  there  was  no  escape,  and  he  promptly  yielded  himself 
a  prisoner.  His  captor  conducted  him  to  the  line  of  breastworks  we 
had  so  recently  vacated  and  directed  him  to  move  on  back  to  the  Fed 
eral  lines.  He  did  so,  creeping  through  the  bushes,  until  he  reached 
a  point  where  few  were  passing,  and  then  turning  to  the  right,  and 
passing  between  the  two  lines  of  battle,  the  darkness  favoring  him,  he 
succeeded  in  getting  round  our  right  flank  and  rejoining  us  in  less  than 
an  hour  after  his  capture. 

At  Lovejoy  Station,  six  miles  south  of  Jonesboro',  the  last  shot  of 
the  four-months'  campaign  was  fired,  the  Federals  withdrawing  to  At 
lanta.  The  brigade  was  moved  on  down  to  Griffin,  then  to  Barnes- 
ville,  it  having  been  determined  to  mount  it  as  soon  as  horses  could  be 
procured.  The  sharpshooters  were  compelled  to  exchange  their  splen 
did  Kerr  rifles  for  common  Enfields,  but  were  permitted  to  retain  their 
organization  intact,  and  were  placed  under  the  command  .of  Lieut. 
Buchanan,  with  full  permission  to  roam  in  any  direction  where  horses 
might  be  captured  from  the  enemy.  After  many  miles  tramping  from 
Campbellton  on  the  northeast  to  Newnan  on  the  west  and  Stone 
Mountain  on  the  east  of  Atlanta,  the  boys  returned  to  the  brigade, 
having  had  little  success  in  capturing  horses,  and  were  respectively 
assigned  to  their  former  companies. —  Thomas  Owens,  (Fourth  Ken 
tucky.  ) 

III.  How  the  Gallant  Fellow  Lost  His  Life. — About  noon 
of  June  aoth,  when  the  brigade  skirmishers  were  engaged  in  front  of 
Kenesaw  Mountain,  Capt.   Newman,  in  command,  sent  back  to  the 
Sixth  Regiment  for  men  to  take  the  place  of  two  of  its  men  who  had 
just  been  killed.     Col.  Gofer  called  on  Co.  H  to  furnish  one  of  these, 
when  Sergt.  Tom  Cox,  who  had  been  in  almost  every  engagement, 
great  and   small,  from   the  beginning,   promptly  offered   to   take  the 
place.     A  comrade  reminded  him  that  he  himself  was  next  on  the  list 
for  skirmish  duty;  but  Cox  replied  that  the  comrade  had  already  done 
more  than  he,  and  he  wanted  to  do  a  full  part.      He  set  off  with  the 
guide,  and  soon  after  taking  his  place  on  the  perilous  line  was  killed 
by  a  sharpshooter. 

IV.  A  Rifleman  Up  a  Tree. — While  the  Confederate  army  was 
occupying  Pine  Mountain  in  Georgia,  a  smaller  hill  a  half  mile  in  front 
of  which,  if  secured  by  the  Federals,  would  have  given  them  a  great 
advantage,  enabling  them  to  enfilade  with  cannon  a  part  of  the  Con 
federate  line,  was  heavily  guarded  by  our  skirmishers.     These  were 
somewhat  annoyed  by  Federal  sharpshooters  from  the  dense  woods  in 
front.     One  day  two  men  of  Co.  B,  Fourth  Kentucky,  were  shot  dead 
within  two  or  three  hours,  James  Chism  and  John  Hennessey.     Soon 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  271 

after  the  death  of  Chism,  who  was  the  last  to  fall,  an  orderly  came  to 
our  rifle  pit  on  the  main  line,  and  said  another  man  was  wanted  from 
Co.  B;  whereupon  our  orderly  sergeant,  John  Brummitt,  called  out, 
•'  Hutchen,  get  ready  for  picket."  "  There,  now,"  said  I,  "  my  time 
has  nearly  come.  Good-bye,  John  " — and  hastily  taking  up  and  put 
ting  on  my  outfit,  I  was  soon  at  the  little  hill  that  had  been  so  fatal  a 
place  for  my  comrades.  The  line  of  skirmishers  was  on  the  very  top 
most  ridge  of  the  hill  and  just  behind  the  hill,  but  a  pace  or  two,  and 
perhaps  three  feet  lower  than  the  ground  on  which  they  stood,  was  a 
kind  of  table-land  extending  the  full  length  of  the  line.  On  this 
table,  where  there  was  no  sort  of  danger  of  the  balls  from  the  front, 
lay  the  two  dead  whose  names  I  have  given.  I  looked  upon  them, 
sadly,  and  noticed  that  each  had  come  to  his  instant  death  from  a  ball  in 
the  very  center  of  the  forehead.  Noting  this,  I  asked  of  the  skirmish 
ers  near  me,"  Where  did  these  men  stand?  "  They  pointed  to  a  pile 
of  rocks  alongside  a  tree  just  above  me  and  answered,  "There." 
"Well,"  said  I,  "  I  will  shift  the  position,"  and  accordingly  took  a 
.seat  several  feet  to  the  right  of  the  fatal  rock.  After  awhile,  not  hear 
ing  any  bullets  singing  near  me,  I  took  a  stick  upon  which  I  placed 
my  hat,  and,  crawling  to  the  stones  by  the  trees,  elevated  the  hat  to 
tiie  top  of  them.  In  an  instant  I  heard  the  ping  of  a  ball.  On  taking 
down  the  hat,  I  found  a  bullet  had  made  the  hat  its  billet,  and  three 
several  times  the  hat  was  thus  stricken  by  the  good  marksman  in  the 
Avoods  before  us.  At  the  last  shot  I  discovered,  a  long  distance  off, 
Hiioke  issuing  from  a  large  tree  some  twenty  or  thirty  feet  from  the 
ground,  and  after  the  smoke  cleared  away,  plainly  saw  one  of  Ber- 
dan's  pets. 

Just  then  one  of  our  sharpshooters,  Taylor  McCoy,  came  up.  I 
tried  hard  to  make  him  see  the  Federal  sharpshooter,  but  in  vain. 
Finally  he  handed  me  his  long-range  gun  and  said,  "  Shoot  him  your 
self."  I  said  I  would  try,  and  taking  careful  aim,  pulled  the  trigger, 
vhen  several  saw  him  fall  from  the  tree.  I  then  went  to  the  pile  of 
rucks  and  there  remained  until  relieved.  It  was  thought  that  the 
stand  taken  by  Co.  B's  boys  was  perhaps  the  only  one  clearly  exposed 
to  the  view  of  the  sharpshooters  in  front. —  Virginius  Hutchcn,  (Fotirth 
Kentucky). 

V.  "A  Roland  for  An  Oliver." — In  1864,  while  the  Confeder 
ate  army  occupied  the  Kenesaw  twin  mountains,  near  Marietta,  Ga. , 
the  Federals  let  off  a  shot  or  shell  that  exploded  a  caisson  on  the  top 
of  Little  Kenesaw.     In  a  very  few  minutes  afterward  the  Confederate 
Buttery,  on  Big  Kenesaw,  from  its  lofty  perch,  sent  a  missile  that  ex 
ploded  a  caisson  on  the  Federal  line,  and  before  the  vast  cloud  of 
white  smoke  had  rolled  away,  both  armies  gave  a  shout  that  made  the 
welkin  ring.     It  was  the  grandest  tit-for-tat  perhaps  they  had  ever  seen. 
The  "Orphan  Brigade"  was  there.  —  Virginius  Hutchen,  (Fourth  Ken 
tucky). 

VI.  They  Would   Do   the    Wind-Work.— When  the  detail 
under  that  splendid  soldier,  Maj.  John  Bird  Rogers,  who  lost  his  life 
there,  was  forming  to  retake  the  riflepits  at  Kenesaw,  on  the  evening 
of  June  aoth,  1864,  a  man  of  my  company,  James  F.  Jordan,  who 
was  one  of  the  detachment,  said  when  he  came  back,  that  some  of 


272  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

the  men  who  had  lost  the  works  bawled  out:     "Go  in  Kaintuck' 
We'll  yell!  "— Capt.  Hugh  Henry  (Co.  H,  Fourth  Kentucky], 

VII.  About  to  Kill  His  Friend. — When  the  order  was  sent  at 
midnight  of  June  2oth,  at  Kenesaw,  to  withdraw  the  detail  from  the 
skirmish  pits  retaken  by  them  under  Maj.   Rogers,  the  men  of  the 
Sixth  Kentucky  did  not  receive  it  and  were  left  until  their  absence  was 
reported  at  headquarters  and  Capt.  Buchanan  went  specially  to  them. 
These  were  Lieut.  Frank  Harned,  Wm.  S.  B.  Hill,  Milton  B.  Stotts, 
and  Henry  S.  Harned.     There  was  a  considerable  interval  between 
them,  Hill  on  the  extreme  left  and  Henry  Harned  on  the  extreme  right. 
The  latter  got  warning  first  and  started  to  creep  along  the  line  and 
notify  the  others.     As  the  enemy  was  known  to  be  near,  and  even  a 
slight  noise  or  the  appearance  of  a  moving  object  was  likely  to  bring  a 
shot,  he  was  keeping  close  to  the  ground  and  moving  cautiously  along 
the  front  of  the  line,  when  Hill,  who  had  heard  nothing,  perceived 
what  he  took  to  be  a  Federal  picket,  at  the  distance  of  about  twenty 
yards,  creeping  towards  him.     Scanning  the  object  as  closely  as  possi 
ble  in  the  darkness,  he  concluded  that  the  man  was  trying  to  surprise 
and  capture  or  kill  a  Confederate  skirmisher.     Bringing  his  rifle  to  bear 
upon  him  he  cocked  it.     Harned  was  fortunately  by  this  time  near 
enough  to  hear  the  ominous  click,  and,  realizing  his  danger,  spoke  his 
name.     Recognizing  the  tones  of  a  messmate  and  comrade,  to  whom 
he  was  more  than  ordinarily  attached,  and  realizing  that  but  for  the 
timely  warning  he  would  have  shot  him  to  death,  Hill  was  seized  with 
such  a  tremor  that  he  dropped  his  gun  and  was  for  a  moment  dizzy  and 
sick.     Having  thus  narrowly  escaped  death  for  the  one  and  distraction 
for  the  other,  they  now  made  their  way  back  to  the  main  line. 

VIII.  Devoted  Brothers. — John  A.  Hays  and  his  brother  Daniel, 
of  Co.  B,  Fifth  Kentucky,  displayed  a  remarkable  brotherly  attach 
ment,  which  was  evidently  so  sincere  that  their  officers  respected  it 
and  humored  their  wish  to  share  every  duty  and  danger  in  company. 
They  did  guard,  picket  and  fatigue  duty  together,  and  both  fell  in  the 
same  battle,  (July  22nd,  1864),  John  being  killed  and  Daniel  mortally 
wounded.     Their  captain  expressed  the  belief  that  if  only  one  had 
been  shot  down,  the  other  would  have  stayed  with  him  regardless  of 
consequences. 

IX.  After  Intrenchment  Creek  :  If  They  Had  But  Known.  — 
Just  after  dark  on  the  22nd  of  July,  1864,  when  the  men  of  the  bri 
gade  who  were  still  on  foot  had  bivouacked  in  an  open  wood  southeast 
of  the  battlefield,  the  writer  was  standing  near  a  fire  which  he  and  a 
few  messmates  had  started  for  the  purpose  of  preparing  the  scant  sup 
per  left  to  them.     Capt.  Hewitt  came  by  and  stopped  to  relieve  the 
gloom  of  the  so  recent  disaster  with  a  few  cheerful  words.      "  Well," 
he  said  among  other  things,  "  I  passed  a  group  of  the  Ninth  Regiment 
a  moment  ago  talking  about  to-day's  affair,  and  they  brought  me  in. 
I  wasn't  hanging  around  to  hear,  but  it  came  as  I  was  walking  by  un- 
perceived.     One  said,  '  I  have  courage  enough  to  stay  and  try  to  do 
my  duty  when  fighting  has  to  be  done,  but  I  do  wish  I  could  bear  my 
self  like  that  man  Hewitt.     He  rode  down  there  into  the  jaws  of  that 
hell  on  the  left,  to  get  us  out  of  the  tangle,  composed  and  smiling.     I 
like  it.'  "     And  then  Hewitt  remarked  to  us:   "  And  I  said  to  myself, 
'  My  friend,  if  you  only  knew  how  badly   Hewitt  was  scared  you 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  273 

wouldn't  like  it ! '  "  When  it  is  known  that  two  of  the  group  overheard 
were  Capt.  Chris  Bosche  and  Lieut.  Henry  Buchanan,  of  Co.  H, 
N'inth  Kentucky,  the  compliment  paid  their  adjutant-general  will  appear 
of  unusual  significance.  If  Bosche  and  Buchanan  had  had  Eneas's 
privilege  of  visiting  Avernus,  there  would  have  been  short  parley  with 
;he  ill-natured  and  howling  Cerberus,  when  they  got  to  the  gate:  they 
would  have  told  him  promptly  where  they  came  from  and  closed  in  on 
ii im  for  a  fight. 

X.  A  Humane  and  Heroic  Act. — After  the  fruitless  charge  on 
the  enemy's  works  at  Jonesboro',  August  31,  1864,  across  the  open 
field  intervening  between  the  railroad  and  the  Federal  position,  as 
hitherto  described,  and  the  brigade  had  retired,  the  firing  from  the 
rifle-pits  continued  fiercely  for  a  few  minutes,  and  some  of  the  infantry 
<  orps  were  struck  while  bravely  trying  to  bring  off  those  who  had 
f.illen.     Above  the  din  could  be  heard  the  cries  of  our  wounded  men 
who  lay  here  and  there  in  close  range  of  the  enemy's  guns,  and  volun 
teers  were  called  for  to  attempt  their  rescue.  To  this  there  was  a  quick 
response  by  three  men  whose  names  deserve  to  be  held  in  everlasting 
remembrance.     They  were  John  W.  Green,  Co.  B,  Ninth  Kentucky 
(sergeant-major  of  his  regiment) ;  John  B.  Spurrier,  Co.  B,  Sixth  Ken- 
uicky,  and  Thomas  Young,  Co.  C,  Ninth  Kentucky.     As  they  dashed 
across  the  space  in  full  view  of  the  Federals,  they  drew  a  terrific  fire; 
but  when  each  reached  a  wounded  comrade,  lifted  him,  and  turned  to 
bear  him  off,  the  enemy  suddenly  ceased  firing  and  sent  up  a  rousing 
cheer.     The  splendid  act  was  too  much  for  honorable  foes ;  ringing 
applause  was  substituted  for  volleys  of  musketry,  and  testified  to  their 
admiration. 

XI.  How  a  Bullet  Made  a  Sans  Culotte.—  Wm.   M.   Robb, 
of  Co.   K,   Fifth  Kentucky,  was  a  thoroughly  careless  and  clownish 
fellow,  who  never  had  his  coat  buttoned  if  he  could  help  it,  nor  his 
shoes  tied,  and  he  scarcely  ever  had  more  than  one  button  at  a  time  on 
his   pantaloons.     His  captain    once    said  that  Robb   lost  more  guns 
u:id  clothing  during  the  war  than  he  could  pay  for  in  a  lifetime,  with 
nages  at  $11   per  month.     At  the  battle  of  Jonesboro',  August  3ist, 
1 364,  he  had,  as  usual,  but  the  one  button  which  secured  his  panta 
loons  at  the  waistband  and  no  suspenders,  and  this  button  and  waist 
band  were  not  covered  by  the  cartridge  belt.     Presently,  having  his  side 
towards  the  Federal  lines,  his  waist  was  grazed  by  a  bullet  which  car- 
ri  -d  away  the  lone  support  of  the  breeches,  and  down  they  dropped. 
He  quickly  drew  them  up,  and  held  them  with  his  hand,  but  there  was 
warm  work  around  him — shot,  shell,  and  rifle  balls  were  fairly  sweep 
ing  like  hail  along  the  lines ;  and  as  he  had  nothing  to  fasten  them  with, 
and  was  too  good  a  soldier  to  turn  his  back  upon  the  foe  without 
orders,   he  let  them  go,   stepped  out  of  them,  and  went  forth  bare 
legged.     He  fought  it  through  in  that  condition,  and  marched  out  with 
flying  colors. 

XII.  Presence  of  Mind. — Much  was  written  during  the  war,  and 
has  been  since,  about  the  gallant  conduct  of  soldiers  who  threw  shells 
out  of  riflepits,  and  from  the  immediate  presence  of  uncovered  lines 
of  battle,  before  they  could  explode,  and  thus  saved  lives.     When  the 
brigade  was  hurriedly  engaged,  September  i,  1864,  under  fire  of  the 
Federal  batteries,  trying  to  provide  some  protection  against  a  charge 

18 


274  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

upon  its  weak  line,  William  M.  Steenbergen,  and  Mark  H.  Jewell, 
Co.  E,  Sixth  Kentucky,  each  threw  a  shot  out  of  his  pit,  under  the 
apprehension  that  it  was  a  loaded  shell.  Though  all  were  in  deadly 
peril,  Jewell  said  composedly  to  a  comrade,  James  O.  Wilkinson,  as 
he  resumed  his  work:  "Jim,  I  ought  to  be  promoted  to  major  on  the 
spot  for  that." 

XIII.  A  Hero  and  a  Martyr.— Father  Blemill  was  a  fit  counter 
part  to  Chaplain  Kavanaugh  in  his  devotion  to  the  men  cf  his  com 
mand  and  in  his  steadfast  courage.     Comrade  Thomas  Owens  paid 
him  the  following  just  and  beautiful  tribute  in  "  The  Sunny  South" 
some  years  ago:  "  He  was  of  French  extraction  and  a  priest  of  the 
Catholic  Church,  and  was  chaplain  of  the  Fourth   Kentucky  Regi 
ment.      His  faithfulness  and  devotion  to  the  duties  of  his  calling,  and 
to  the  cause  which  he  had  espoused,  endeared  him  to  the  soldiers  of 
his  charge,  both  Protestant  and  Catholic.     He  knew  no  difference  of 
creed  in  his  preaching  to  us,  or  in  his  ministrations  to  the  sick  and 
wounded.     True  to  a  sense  of  duty,  and  shrinking  from  no  danger, 
he  always  went  with  his  regiment  into  battle,  remaining  just  in  the  rear 
where  his  services  to  the  wounded  would  be  most  needed.     And  here, 
while  at  his  post  of  duty,  he  was  instantly  killed  by  an   exploding 
shell  at  the  bloody  battle  of  Jonesboro',  Ga.,  August  3ist,  1864.     We 
carried  his  body  to  the  rear  and  reverently  buried  it  in  a  grave  a  hun 
dred  yards  or  more   southeast  from  the  old  stone   depot  at  Jones 
boro'." 

The  manner  of  his  death  was  peculiar  and  touching  in  the  extreme. 
It  was  after  the  assaulting  column  had  found  it  impossible  to  carry  the 
Federal  position,  and  had  been  ordered  to  retire.  As  Gen.  Lewis 
rode  back  under  the  destructive  fire  of  artillery  and  musketry  that  was 
still  kept  up,  observing  his  broken  regiments  making  their  way  to 
shelter,  he  noticed  Father  Blemill  kneel  beside  Capt.  Gracie,  of  a 
South  Carolina  regiment,  and  lift  his  hands  to  utter  a  prayer  for  the 
dying  officer.  At  that  instant  a  cannon  ball  from  one  of  the  enemy's 
guns  carried  away  the  head  of  the  heroic  priest.  He  had  evidently 
perceived  that  Gracie  was  wounded  unto  death,  and  halted  to  supplicate 
Heaven  for  the  repose  of  his  soul.  In  the  act  of  making  petition  his 
own  took  its  flight,  in  advance  of  his  for  whom  he  had  lifted  holy 
hands.  That  evening  the  detail  sent  to  remove  our  dead  found  them 
sleeping  together  where  their  life-blood,  commingling,  had  made  them 
a  gory  bed. 

When  a  branch  of  the  Confederate  Memorial  Association  was 
formed  at  Jonesboro',  his  remains  were  removed  from  where  the  Ken- 
tuckians  had  buried  him  to  the  Pat  Cleburne  Cemetery  and  placed  be 
tween  those  of  Capt.  Gracie  and  a  soldier  named  Ignatius  Brook?, 
who  died  in  hospital  there  in  1864.  About  the  year  1890  one  of  the 
Benedictine  Fathers,  to  whose  order  Father  Blemill  belonged,  brought 
his  remains  to  Kentucky,  and  they  now  rest  in  their  monastery  in 
Nelson  County. 

XIV.  A  Dreadful  Experience. — It  is  to  be  lamented  that  among 
all  who,   during   the  war,   held  places  of  power  and   responsibility, 
Kentucky  developed  one  Jeffreys,  one  brutal  and  blood-thirsty  monster, 
to  mar  the  pages  of  her  history — one  whose  memory  is  justly  execrated 
by  the  honorable  men  of  both  armies,  and  whose  monument  of  infamy 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  275 

is  the  numerous  graves  at  Frankfort  and  elsewhere  in  the  State  filled 
by  those  who  were  murdered  in  obedience  to  his  orders. 

A  member  of  the  Orphan  Brigade,  Gervais  I).  Grainger,  Co.  I, 
Sixth  Regiment,  had  some  experience  with  Burbridge  which  may  be 
recited  in  brief  to  indicate  the  treatment  to  which  innocent  men  and 
helpless  prisoners  in  his  hands  were  subjected.  Grainger  was  a  brave 
and  efficient  soldier  and  an  honorable  man.  From  Vicksburg  to 
Jonesboro'  he  fought  with  his  command  in  its  numerous  battles  and 
partook  of  its  hardships  as  a  Kentuckian  "  leal  and  true."  At 
Jonesboro',  August  31,  1864,  he  and  some  comrades  were  caught 
within  the  lines,  with  the  battle-flag  in  their  possession,  and  when  the 
brigade  was  driven  back  they  concealed  themselves  to  escape  capture 
and  buried  the  banner,  that  it,  at  least,  might  not  fall  into  the  enemy's 
hands.  They  were  not  discovered,  and  at  night  dug  up  their  colors 
and  worked  their  way  around  traverses  and  the  pits  in  front  of  them, 
and  rejoined  their  command.  The  next  day,  however,  he  was  cap 
tured  with  the  rest. 

When  the  Kentuckians  were  started  from  Chattanooga,  after  a  week's 
detention  there,  towards  Nashville,  he,  with  George  R.  Page,  Jack 
Gavin  and  others  tried  to  escape  from  the  box  car  in  which  they  were 
shut  up,  but  only  he  succeeded.  From  La  Vergne,  Tenn.,  where  he 
got  through  the  hole  which  they  had  cut  in  the  bottom  of  their 
box,  he  made  his  way,  after  encountering  numerous  dangers  and  diffi 
culties,  being  once  recaptured  and  again  escaping,  and  suffering  with 
hunger  and  fatigue,  to  his  father's  house  in  Simpson  county.  Remain 
ing  a  few  days,  he  attempted  to  return  to  his  command,  which  had  now 
been  exchanged ;  but  was  recaptured  and  carried  to  Scottville,  thence 
to  Bowling  Green,  thence  to  Louisville,  where  he  was  imprisoned  with 
eighteen  others.  In  less  than  a  month  orders  came  from  Burbridge  to 
execute  four  of  them.  In  the  drawing  of  lots  Grainger  was  not  one 
of  the  unfortunate  ones  who  were  manacled  and  sent  by  rail  to  the 
place  of  execution  ;  but  next  morning  the  names  of  eight  men  were 
called,  of  whom  he  was  one;  and  when  they  were  handcuffed  and 
placed  on  the  east-bound  train  they  supposed  they  were  on  the  way  to 
be  executed,  but  they  were  carried  to  Lexington  and  placed  in  prison 
with  about  three  hundred  citizens  and  soldiers,  old  men  and  boys,  and 
their  handcuffs  removed. 

Kept  here  a  month  in  an  almost  starving  condition,  he  learned  on  the 
night  of  November  ist,  1864,  that  he  was  one  of  fifteen  from  whom 
ten  were  to  be  taken  and  killed.  In  the  drawing  which  followed  he 
was  again  fortunate  enough  to  be  spared  for  the  time.  The  full  enor 
mity  of  the  proceedings  attending  the  drawing  and  the  preparation  of 
the  victims  for  the  slaughter,  (apparently  ordered  in  a  spirit  of  fiendish 
cruelty  to  prolong  the  agony  of  suspense),  has  been  graphically  set 
down  by  T.  O.  Chisholm,  as  related  by  Grainger  himself,  and  after 
ward  published  in  the  Franklin  Favorite.  The  fifteen  men  were  or 
dered  to  a  lower  floor,  where  they  were  surrounded  by  thirty  or  forty 
armed  soldiers.  Now  follows  the  description  of  what  ensued  : 

"  Two  officers  stood  at  a  desk  near  by,  with  their  backs  turned  upon 
us,  and  a  third  stood  in  our  midst,  holding  a  hat  in  his  hand.  Raising 
it  above  his  head,  he  announced  that  he  was  ready.  One  of  the  offi 
cers  at  the  desk  came  forward,  and  placing  his  hand  in  the  hat,  he  drew 


276  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

therefrom  a  single  slip  of  paper.  This  was  carried  to  the  officer  re 
maining  at  the  desk,  and  the  name  written  thereon  silently  recorded  in 
an  open  book.  Another  and  another  slip  was  drawn  until  ten  names 
were  registered. 

'  'The  terrible  meaning  of  this  dumb  procedure  was  all  too  plain.  Ten 
men  were  to  be  executed,  but  which  of  our  names  had  been  inscribed 
on  the  death  roll  was  not  as  yet  revealed.  We  were  commanded  to 
go  back  up  stairs,  which  we  did,  followed  by  the  soldiers  who  had  been 
present  at  the  drawing. 

"The  soldiers  on  duty  in  the  prison  were  then  directed  to  close  up  to 
their  right,  and  the  space  thus  cleared  was  filled  by  those  who  came 
from  below.  The  walls  of  the  prison  were  literally  lined  with  loaded 
guns  and  bristling  bayonets.  An  officer  stepped  forward  and  demanded 
the  attention  of  the  troops.  Every  prisoner  was  ordered  to  lie  flat  on 
the  floor,  and  any  man  who  should  raise  his  head  unless  his  name  was 
called  was  to  be  shot  without  further  orders. 

"Another  file  of  soldiers  came  up  from  the  fateful  room  below,  the 
first  two  bearing  an  anvil  and  the  others  bringing  balls,  chains  and 
handcuffs.  During  these  preparations  a  stillness  as  of  death  reigned  in 
the  room,  broken  only  by  the  clanking  of  chains  and  the  solemn  tread 
of  those  who  bore  them.  Motionless  and  almost  breathless,  we  lay  on 
the  floor  and  watched  the  development  of  the  awful  program.  How 
our  minds  flew  back  to  home  and  loved  ones,  as  we  contemplated  an 
approaching  fate,  in  which  each  of  the  fifteen  expected  to  share  ! 

"The  details  of  preparation  perfected,  an  officer  said  in  tones  that 
were  touched  with  a  solemnity  befitting  the  moment,  'Thomas  Hunt, 
come  forward.' 

"He  was  a  young  man  of  twenty  years  from  Maysville,  Ky. ,  a  mag 
nificent  specimen  of  physical  manhood  and  as  brave  as  a  lion.  He 
arose  promptly  and  walked  to  the  officer,  holding  up  both  hands  as  he 
said  calmly  and  distinctly  :  '  If  it  is  for  my  country  I  die,  it  is  all  right. ' 
To  this  the  officer  replied  :  '  You  will  possibly  not  be  so  patriotic  be 
fore  you  get  through  with  this.' 

"Handcuffs  were  placed  upon  him,  and  the  click  of  each  cuff  as  it  was 
pressed  together  was  plainly  audible  all  over  the  prison.  He  was  then 
told  to  sit  upon  the  floor,  and  shackles,  one  of  which  was  attached  to 
a  long  chain  and  a  ball  of  forty  pounds,  were  put  about  his  ankles. 
Each  foot  was  placed  upon  the  anvil,  and  a  man,  wielding  blow  after 
blow  with  a  hammer,  riveted  the  shackles  firmly  together.  This  was 
all.  Thomas  Hunt's  doom  was  sealed,  and  he  was  ready  for  execu 
tion. 

"Ten  minutes  had  passed  since  Hunt's  name  was  called  until  the  echo 
of  the  hammer's  last  blow  had  died  away.  Who  was  to  come  next? 
The  agony  of  soul  which  each  of  the  remaining  fourteen  men  suffered 
baffles  the  puny  insufficiency  of  language  to  describe.  We  were  ready 
if  need  be  to  die  for  the  cause  we  had  espoused ;  but  to  be  executed 
to  avenge  a  crime  we  had  not  committed,  and  of  which  we  had  no 
knowledge,  made  the  situation  tenfold  harder  to  contemplate. 

"In  another  moment  the  suspense  of  one  of  us  was  forever  relieved. 
His  name  was  called,  he  arose  and  went  forward,  and  the  same  process 
through  which  the  first  victim  had  been  carried  was  repeated.  One 
by  one  the  names  were  called,  and  one  by  one  the  dooms  were  sealed, 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  277 

as  shackles,  chains  and  cuffs  of  steel  were  fastened  upon  those  on  whom 
the  lot  had  fallen. 

'  'As  the  number  remaining  grew  less  the  suspense  waxed  more  awful. 
I  lay  prostrate,  with  fists  clenched,  teeth  set  together  and  every  mus 
cle  drawn  to  its  utmost  tension.  So  powerfully  was  I  wrought  upon 
that  my  finger  nails  almost  pierced  the  flesh  of  each  palm.  Dim  oil 
lamps,  few  in  number,  shed  a  strange,  uncertain  light  upon  the  solemn 
scene.  Not  a  word  had  been  spoken,  save  by  him  who  called  the 
deathroll,  until  the  last  name  was  reached,  when  the  same  fateful 
sentence  that  had  been  uttered  an  hour  before  greeted  my  ears  :  'That's 
ten.' 

"This  done,  the  balls  and  chains  were  removed  from  the  doomed  men. 
A  small  space  was  allotted  to  them  near  the  stove,  and  in  this  they  sat 
grouped  together,  gazing  vacantly  into  each  other's  faces.  With  them 
the  die  was  cast;  and  in  that  despair  which  sees  no  gleam  of  hope  they 
waited  for  their  fate.  Some  of  them  procured  Bibles  and  read  for 
hours.  The  lips  of  others  could  be  seen  moving  in  prayer.  The  offi 
cers  had  all  gone  below,  and  the  lynx-eyed  guards  that  stood  along  the 
shadowy  walls  seems  as  rows  of  spectres.  The  stillness  that  reigned 
in  the  room  was  oppressive,  broken  only  by  an  occasional  sigh  breathed 
by  some  of  the  three  hundred  prostrate  prisoners.  The  soldiers  them 
selves  were  deeply  impressed  with  the  solemnity  of  the  situation. 

' '  I  lay  in  one  position  on  the  hard  floor  the  whole  of  that  terrible  night, 
not  daring  even  to  move,  for  fear  that  my  life,  grown  more  precious 
to  me  than  ever,  might  pay  the  penalty.  Sleep  was  of  course  out  of 
the  question,  but  as  I  lay  and  gazed  upon  the  scene  about  me,  the 
feeling  would  now  and  then  steal  in  upon  my  consciousness  that  the 
whole  thing  was  a  horrible  nightmare.  Oh!  how  I  longed  for  the 
morning,  though  it  was  a  longing  not  unmixed  with  dread,  for  I  had 
no  assurance  that  I  would  not  be  called  upon  to  meet  the  doom  which 
had  already  been  assigned  to  my  companions, 

'  'Finally  the  shadows  of  night  gave  way  to  the  indistinct  light  of  dawn. 
A  sigh  of  relief  went  up  from  the  floor  of  the  prison,  saving  that  space 
where  the  ten  men  sat,  quietly  awaiting  the  approach  of  the  end. 
What  storms  of  agony  raged  in  their  bosoms,  what  keen  knife  thrusts 
of  despair  pierced  their  hearts,  as  they  thought  of  the  homes  where 
mothers,  fathers,  brothers,  sisters,  wives  or  children  were  eagerly  an 
ticipating  their  coming  back  who  should  never  return ;  what  shrink 
ing  from  the  awful  fate  that  was  near  at  hand  and  what  thoughts  of  the 
great  future  upon  which  they  were  soon  to  enter,  passed  in  hurried 
march  through  their  minds,  will  never  be  known  until  the  last  great 
day,  though  a  pitiable  index  of  their  feelings  was  seen  upon  every  face, 
which  wore  a  cast  of  inexpressible  sadness. 

"By  and  by  it  was  fully  day.  The  heavens  seemed  to  be  in  sympa 
thy  with  the  occasion,  as  a  dismal  mist  of  rain  was  falling,  and  the 
clouds  were  dark  and  lowering.  Breakfast  was  announced  at  six 
o'clock,  and  although  our  appetites  had  been  sharpened  by  thirty  days 
on  quarter  rations,  I  dare  say  not  a  morsel  was  touched  by  any  man  in 
the  prison.  Soon  the  scream  of  a  locomotive  was  heard  in  the  dis 
tance,  and  a  moment  later  it  drew  up  with  two  or  three  cars  in  front 
of  the  prison  door  and  stopped.  An  officer,  with  some  soldiers,  as 
cended  the  stairs  and  commanded  the  condemned  men  to  get  ready. 


278  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

Each  man  rose  unfalteringly  as  his  name  was  called,  and  with  man 
acled  hands  clutched  the  chain  fastened  to  his  leg  and  threw  the  iron 
burden  over  his  shoulder.  For  some  reason  the  names  of  only  eight 
were  called,  and  it  was  afterward  reported  that  an  indemnity  had  been 
offered  to  secure  the  release  of  the  other  two. 

"The  death  procession  filed  down  the  stairway,  young  Hunt  leading 
the  way.  It  was  followed  by  the  soldiers  who  had  stood  on  guard 
during  the  night,  a  fresh  detail  taking  their  places.  Hunt  and  his  seven 
comrades  were  carried  to  Frankfort,  where  in  the  outskirts  of  the  city 
eight  new-made  graves  were  waiting  to  receive  their  occupants.  The 
doomed  men  were  assembled  in  close  proximity  to  the  graves,  and  a 
minister  who  chanced  to  be  present  asked  the  privilege  to  hold  a  brief 
religious  service,  which  was  granted. 

"One  of  the  prisoners  was  an  old  man  of  seventy  years.  His  hair  was 
silvery  white,  and  he  had  tottered  along  with  the  rest,  scarcely  able  to 
bear  the  heavy  iron  ball.  From  long  confinement  he  was  much  ema 
ciated  and  very  weak.  The  iron  band  about  his  ankle  had  worn  its 
way  into  the  flesh,  and  he  had  torn  off  a  piece  of  his  clothing  and 
slipped  it  between  the  shackle  and  bleeding  surface.  While  prayer 
was  being  offered,  he  managed  with  the  aid  of  the  cloth  to  slip  the 
shackle  from  his  leg.  When  the  '  Amen  '  was  pronounced  he  rose 
with  the  others,  and,  quickly  whirling  about,  made  a  desperate  effort 
to  escape.  Gun  after  gun  was  discharged,  but  he  ran  on  until  he 
reached  a  fence.  Just  as  he  was  mounting  it,  the  sure  aim  of  a  sol 
dier  pierced  him  in  a  vital  part  and  he  fell  over  the  fence  dead. 

"This  was  witnessed  by  the  other  seveli,  but  they  seemed  unmoved, 
and  were  evidently  determined  to  die  like  brave  men.  They  were 
ranged  in  a  row  and  a  detachment  of  fifty  soldiers  stood  in  front  of 
them  fifteen  paces  away.  One  of  the  prisoners  asked  for  a  drink  of 
water  before  being  executed  and  it  is  said  to  have  been  dipped  from 
one  of  the  graves  and  handed  him.  The  words  'ready,'  'aim/ 
'  fire/  were  then  spoken  in  quick  succession,  a  volley  of  bullets  was 
discharged,  and  seven  souls  were  sent  into  eternity. 

"To  day  there  stands  in  the  cemetery  at  Frankfort  a  monument 
erected  in  memory  of  these  eight  men  [and  of  others],  and  every  year 
flowers  are  brought  and  strewn  over  their  graves. 

"The  next  day  Dick  Vance,  commander  of  the  post,  came  into  prison. 
I  recognized  him,  and  still  fearing  that  I  might  be  the  unlucky  victim 
in  another  draft,  I  approached  him,  told  him  who  I  was,  and  that  I 
desired,  if  possible,  to  be  released.  He  had  already  received  a  letter 
from  Dr.  G.  W.  Duncan,  of  Franklin,  written  in  my  behalf  and  had 
doubtless  come  in  search  of  me.  I  was  promised  a  hearing  on  the 
morrow,  which  was  had,  and  which  resulted  in  my  being  admitted  to 
parole  north  of  the  Ohio  river. 

"On  the  following  day  myself  and  four  others  who  had  secured  hear 
ings  when  I  did,  one  of  them  a  nephew  of  John  J.  Crittenden,  were 
placed  in  charge  of  an  escort  of  soldiers.  They  were  part  of  those 
who  had  participated  in  the  slaughter  of  our  comrades  at  Frankfort, 
and  from  them  we  learned  the  details  of  the  execution.  We  were  car 
ried  across  the  river  to  Cincinnati,  and  were  free  men  once  more. 

"I  remained  there  a  month  or  so,  after  which,  through  the  instru 
mentality  of  Mrs.  Francis  Ford,  of  Covington,  then  Miss  Augusta 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  279 

Webb,  the  Legislature  passed  an  act  in  my  favor,  making  the  corporate 
line  the  limit  of  my  parole." 

Grainger's  experience  while  in  the  power  of  the  inhuman  wretch 
was  such  as  to  create  a  vengeful  determination  to  kill  him,  cost  what  it 
might;  and  in  the  autumn  of  1865,  he  thought  he  had  found  his  op 
portunity.  Meeting  him  in  the  Metropolitan  Hotel,  in  Cincinnati,  in 
conversation  with  Garrett  Davis,  he  reminded  him  of  the  butchery  of 
his  comrades  at  Frankfort,  and  drew  his  pistol  to  shoot  him ;  but  Davis 
threw  himself  in  the  way,  and  other  bystanders  interfered,  which  en 
abled  Burbridge  to  escape. 

The  indomitable  character  of  the  old  Orphan  is  shown  by  his  con 
duct  since  that  time,  as  well  as  by  his  record  while  in  the  field.  For 
many  years  he  has  been  almost  totally  blind,  but  to  all  outward  seem 
ing  has  "  bated  nothing  of  heart  or  hope."  Engaging  in  such  business 
as  a  man  in  his  condition  is  capable  of,  he  has  admirably  maintained 
himself  and  his  family,  and  is  known  as  an  honorable  citizen  as  well 
as  a  loyal  comrade. 


280  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 


CHAPTER    XV. 

THE    BRIGADE,  AS  MOUNTED    INFANTRY,   IN  GEORGIA  AND  SOUTH  CARO 
LINA. INCIDENTS  AND  ANECDOTES. 

It  had  been,  for  a  great  while,  the  earnest  wish  of  the  men,  and,  in 
most  instances,  of  the  officers,  that  they  should  be  mounted,  and  thus 
render  it  possible  for  them  to  accompany  some  expedition  into  Ken 
tucky,  where  they  could  hope  to  fill  their  depleted  ranks,  as  well  as  en 
joy  something  more  of  communication  with  home  and  friends.  They 
had  served  long  and  with  exceeding  faithfulness,  wholly  cut  off  from 
their  native  State,  and  the  prospect  of  returning  grew  more  and  more 
hopeless  while  they  were  retained  in  the  infantry  service.  Various 
efforts  had  been  made  during  the  past  year,  but  one  difficulty  after  an 
other  arose  to  prevent  the  Government  from  taking  the  action  desired. 
But  the  change  had  at  last  been  decided  upon,  and  steps  were  taken  to 
effect  it  as  speedily  as  possible. 

On  the  yth  of  September,  just  four  months  from  the  time  of  having 
marched  out  from  Dalton,  the  brigade  quitted  the  remainder  of  the  di 
vision,  and  marched  to  Griffin,  thence  to  Barnesville,  where  the  first 
installment  of  horses  was  distributed,  and  life  in  the  "  Old  Brigade'' 
assumed  a  new  phase. 

The  four  months  preceding,  however,  had  told  so  disastrously  upon 
them  that  there  were  few  left  now  for  any  service.  On  leaving  Dalton, 
the  five  thousand,  of  which  the  regiments  and  the  battery  had  orig 
inally  been  composed,  had  dwindled  down  to  eleven  hundred  and 
twenty  enlisted  men,  with  the  proportionate  number  of  officers.  At 
Barnesville,  in  September,  1864,  there  were  but  two  hundred  and 
seventy-eight  guns. 

The  loss  during  the  campaign  from  Dalton  to  Jonesboro'  had  been 
about  nine  hundred  men,  rank  and  file,  and  of  these  only  two  hun 
dred  had  been  captured.  Counting  all  wounds,  as  noticed  in  the  quo 
tation  from  Shaler  in  Chapter  I,  the  number  was  more  than  fifty  per 
cent,  greater  than  that  of  the  men  composing  the  command  when  the 
fighting  began  on  Rocky  Face  Ridge.  Many  had  been  struck  re 
peatedly,  while  very  few  escaped  altogether.  Gen.  Hardee  reports 
the  actual  loss  of  the  brigade  to  have  been  greater  than  that  of  any 
other  in  the  corps.  For  four  months  there  had  scarcely  been  a  day  in 
which  some  had  not  been  killed  or  wounded,  sometimes  from  forty  to 
one  hundred  and  fifty  in  a  single  one. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  281 

But  those  who  remained  entered  with  great  zest  into  the  new  project; 
and  for  a  time  there  were  even  accessions  to  the  ranks,  as  those  who 
had  been  disabled  for  infantry  service  reported  as  soon  as  an  oppor 
tunity  to  be  useful  presented  itself.  Some  who  were  sent  on  honorable 
detail  service,  sought  to  be  relieved,  that  they  might  rejoin  the  ranks 
and  try  with  their  comrades,  this  (to  them)  new  feature  of  the  service. 

At  Barnesville,  as  has  been  said,  more  than  two  hundred  horses  were 
distributed  among  the  men ;  but  they  were  in  miserable  plight,  being, 
in  the  main,  such  as  had  been  abandoned  by  the  raiders  who  had 
passed  through  the  State.  They  were  not  utterly  worthless,  however, 
and  the  "  old  web-foots,"  as  the  cavalry  laughingly  called  them,  got 
upon  them  and  began  their  movements,  even  before  saddles  were 
furnished.  A  detail  had  been  sent  to  Xewnan  for  the  purpose  of  manu 
facturing  saddles,  and  these  were  distributed  as  fast  as  they  could  be 
turned  out;  but  it  was  long  before  those  of  the  command  who,  first 
and  last,  obtained  horses  at  all,  were  supplied. 

Those  who  had  been  captured  at  Jonesboro'  were  exchanged  on  the 
ipth  of  September,  by  a  special  arrangement;  and  with  these  and  the 
wounded  who  had  recovered,  the  aggregate  was  about  nine  hundred ; 
but  of  this  number  more  than  two  hundred  were  never  mounted, 
being  continually,  from  that  time  till  the  close  of  the  war,  moved  from 
place  to  place,  under  command,  first  of  Col.  Wickliffe,  then  of  Col. 
Connor,  either  to  guard  some  threatened  point,  or  assist  in  collecting 
abandoned  horses  designed  for  their  use — sometimes  moving  in  con 
nection  with  the  cavalry  troops.  Gen.  Lewis  left  no  means  untried  to 
have  the  entire  command  properly  mounted  and  equipped;  but  the 
_,rreat  scarcity  of  suitable  Government  horses  left  him  solely  dependent 
upon  such  as  could  be  gathered  up  in  the  track  of  the  raiders ;  and, 
though  his  chief  quartermaster,  intrusted  with  the  direction  of  this 
\vork,  labored  long  and  earnestly,  the  object  was  never  wholly  accom 
plished. 

The  nature  of  the  subsequent  service  was  of  so  desultory  a  charac 
ter  that  it  would  be  impossible  to  notice  it  in  detail,  even  were  it  neces 
sary  or  desirable.  We  may  remark,  however,  as  preliminary  to  the 
following  hasty  sketch  of  this  part  of  their  career,  that  though  no  im 
portant  engagements  afterward  occurred  in  their  department,  and  but 
few  casualties  are  recorded,  they  were  nevertheless  active  until  the  very 
last,  and  lost  none  of  whatever  efficiency  might  be  displayed  by  so 
small  a  body  of  men,  in  such  circumstances  as  they  were  afterward 
placed. 

Gen.  Lewis,  intrusted  now  with  larger  discretionary  powers,  as  he 
was  often  wholly  detached  from  every  other  force,  exerted  himself  un 
tiringly,  and  with  excellent  judgment,  to  harass  and  thwart  the  enemy, 


282  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

and,  when  possible,  to  deal  him  a  blow.  In  making  or  receiving  an 
attack,  the  men  always  dismounted,  as  they  retained  their  old  weapon, 
the  Enfield  rifle,  and  as  their  horses  were,  to  say  the  least,  not  alto 
gether  suitable  for  a  charge,  being  of  that  unique  kind  best  adapted  to 
a  certain  species  of  ground  and  lofty  tumbling. 

From  Barnesville,  Gen.  Lewis  went  to  Forsythe,  thence,  after  a 
short  time,  across  the  Chattahoochee,  by  way  of  Newnan,  to  a  point 
near  to  Campbellton,  for  picket  duty.  After  remaining  here  a  few 
days,  he  was  ordered  to  Stockbridge,  a  little  post-village  on  the  Mc- 
Donough  road,  eighteen  miles  south  of  Atlanta.  The  brigade  was 
now  part  of  the  division  commanded  by  Brig. -Gen.  Iverson,  who 
established  a  strong  picket-line  near  Atlanta,  on  all  the  roads  leading 
southward,  and  here  the  Kentucky  Brigade  did  constant  picket  and 
scout  duty  until  the  i5th  of  November,  when  Sherman  began  his 
"  march  to  the  sea,"  and  toward  the  close  of  the  day  the  pickets  were 
driven  in,  and  Gen.  Lewis  moved  out  to  skirmish  with  his  advance 
column.  He  fell  back  slowly  before  the  enemy,  with  the  main  body, 
while  Col.  Hawkins,  who  had  been  sent  out  with  a  scouting  party 
toward  Yellow  River,  went  down  parallel  with  his  flank.  When  the 
command  reached  Griffin,  Gen.  Wheeler  had  arrived  from  the  Army 
of  Tennessee,  and  was  collecting  such  force  as  he  could  to  oppose  the 
columns  of  Sherman,  or,  at  least,  to  prevent  the  widespread  devasta 
tion  which  would  result  from  marauding  parties  if  allowed  to  operate 
undisturbed  on  each  flank.  He  left  there  with  from  four  to  five  thou 
sand  cavalry  and  mounted  infantry,  which,  with  about  eight  hundred 
militia  under  Gen.  Gus  Smith,  was  all  the  force  that  was  at  hand  to 
confront  the  immense  army  of  Sherman.  Successful  resistance  was,  of 
course,  out  of  the  question,  and  nothing  could  be  accomplished  but  to 
prevent  small  parties  from  preying  upon  the  people  far  out  of  the  line 
of  march.  Wherever  such  advance  or  flanking  parties  could  be  found, 
they  were  driven  back  upon  the  main  body,  and  the  Kentucky  Bri 
gade,  though  small,  was  conspicuous  in  this  service,  and  in  daring 
scouts,  flank  and  rear. 

When  Sherman's  army  reached  Savannah,  Gen.  Hardee,  in  com 
mand  there,  had  one  regiment  of  veteran  volunteer  infantry,  and 
seven  thousand  militia,  old  men  and  boys,  with  which  to  defend  the 
place.  The  city  was  well  fortified,  however,  and  a  few  siege  guns 
were  in  position. 

Gen.  Wheeler  was  driven  through  the  works,  and  crossed  the  river 
into  South  Carolina,  with  all  his  force  except  the  command  of  Gen. 
Lewis,  which  was  dismounted  by  order  of  Hardee,  and  placed  in  the 
works.  Their  horses  were  sent  over  the  river,  the  spurs  laid  aside, 
and  the  long  Enfields  again  made  to  do  execution  similar  to  that  which 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  283 

had  been  wrought  upon  the  enemy's  columns  between  Dalton  and 
Jonesboro'.  Heavy  skirmishing  was  kept  up  from  day  to  day,  the 
t-nemy  showing  little  disposition  to  assault,  till  the  i3th  of  December, 
when  Fort  McAllister,  on  the  Ogeechee  River,  was  carried  by  storm. 
The  enemy's  land  forces  had  now  established  communication  with  his 
fleet,  and  the  city  was  soon  so  closely  invested,  that  Hardee,  being 
1'owerless  either  to  attack  or  prolong  resistance,  was  forced  to  abandon 
the  place  on  the  night  of  the  22d. 

At  Hardeeville,  South  Carolina,  the  Kentuckians  again  received 
their  horses,  and  were  ordered  to  the  Savannah  River  for  picket  duty 
with  Iverson,  some  distance  above  Savannah.  When  Sherman  began 
his  march  through  South  Carolina,  they  were  stationed  still  higher  up 
the  river,  with  a  view  to  checking  an  anticipated  raid  on  Augusta.  At 
one  time  it  moved  over  into  Georgia,  and  marched  for  some  days  from 
one  point  to  another,  and  then  returned  into  South  Carolina,  by  way 
of  Augusta. 

Gen.  Wheeler,  with  all  the  cavalry  corps  except  this  division  under 
command  of  Iverson,  moved  in  front  of  Sherman,  that  he  might  keep 
the  country  as  clear  as  possible  of  marauding  bands,  as  he  had  done  in 
( leorgia. 

In  February,  1865,  Maj.-Gen.  P.  M.  B.  Young  was  placed  in  com 
mand  of  Iverson's  division,  and  ordered  to  follow  in  Sherman's  rear. 
This  movement  was  conducted  for  some  days,  but  with  little  progress, 
on  account  of  the  extreme  difficulty  which  attended  foraging  the 
horses,  since  every  means  of  subsistence  had  been  destroyed  along  the 
enemy's  track.  Gen.  D.  H.  Hill,  then  commanding  at  Augusta,  or 
dered  the  division  back  a  few  days  afterward,  and  had  it  stationed  at  a 
point  on  the  Savannah  river,  above  Augusta,  but  within  striking  dis 
tance  of  that  place,  as  a  raid  was  again  expected  in  that  direction.  It 
remained  here  for  several  weeks. 

About  the  first  of  April,  Gen.  Lewis  was  ordered  to  send  a  regiment 
to  Sumter,  South  Carolina,  for  the  purpose  of  protecting  rolling  stock 
collected  there,  and  the  Ninth  Regiment  was  accordingly  dispatched 
on  that  duty  (see  sketch  of  Col.  Caldwell  for  an  account  of  the  opera 
tions  which  took  place  while  his  command  remained  there  alone). 

When  it  was  definitely  known  that  a  strong  Federal  force  was  mov 
ing  up  from  the  coast,  in  the  direction  of  Sumter,  Gen.  Lewis  was 
ordered  to  proceed  with  the  remainder  of  his  mounted  men  to  that 
point.  He  marched  at  once  to  Columbia,  where  he  learned  that  the 
enemy  were  already  near  Sumter,  and  fighting  Col.  Caldwell,  when  he 
marched  rapidly  to  his  relief. 

Some  fortifications  had  been  thrown  up  eight  miles  south  of  Camden, 
and  were  now  occupied  by  about  three  hundred  militia.  Gen.  Lewis. 


284  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

proceeded  to  these  works,  and  found  that  the  enemy  was  two  miles  in 
front,  but  nothing  was  known  of  his  strength.  He  at  once  dispatched 
trusty  scouts  to  the  Federal  rear  for  information,  and,  dismounting  his 
men,  placed  them  in  the  fortifications  and  proceeded  to  strengthen 
them.  The  scouts  returned  in  a  few  hours  and  reported  the  enemy 
falling  back  slowly.  He  immediately  moved  forward  with  the  mounted 
men  and  two  brass  field  pieces,  instructing  the  militia  to  follow.  Late 
in  the  afternoon  the  Federal  rear  guard  was  encountered  and  driven 
back  on  his  main  force,  and  a  slight  skirmish  was  kept  up  till  dark. 
Col.  Caldwell  was  now  reunited,  with  his  regiment,  to  the  main  force. 
Gen.  Young  had  promised  that  another  brigade  should  follow  directly 
from  Aikin,  but  it  did  not  arrive  for  some  days. 

Next  morning,  April  i5th,  pickets  reported  the  enemy's  whole  com 
mand  advancing,  and  skirmishing  soon  began.  Lewis  fought  them 
resolutely  all  day,  sometimes  with  all  his  little  force  at  a  single  point, 
then  by  detachments,  as  the  nature  of  the  case  required,  and  inflicted 
considerable  loss,  though  suffering  but  slightly,  and  that  almost  entirely 
in  wounded.  He  was,  however,  gradually  forced  back  by  the  over 
whelming  infantry  force  of  the  enemy,  whose  superior  numbers  enabled 
him  to  flank  successfully  any  position  not  readily  assailable  by  front  at 
tack 

On  the  night  of  the  iyth  of  April,  Col.  Lee  was  sent  with  his  regi 
ment  to  check  a  column  of  Federal  cavalry  moving  by  way  of  McCler- 
nand's  ford.  Reaching  the  neighborhood  about  midnight,  the  detach 
ment  dismounted  and  slept  till  morning,  reins  in  hand.  A  reconnois- 
sance  of  the  ground  at  daylight  showed  that  the  stream  ran  through  a 
miry  swamp,  covered  with  thick  brush,  through  which  it  was  impossible 
for  the  eye  to  penetrate.  The  ford  seemed  to  be  the  only  passage  near, 
and  that  did  not  cross  in  a  straight  line,  so  that  parties  on  opposite 
sides  could  not  see  each  other.  Militia  had  some  time  before  thrown 
up  a  slight  fortification  to  cover  the  ford,  and  behind  this  Col.  Lee 
stationed  his  men,  having  previously  concealed  it  with  branches  of 
trees.  The  enemy,  on  reaching  the  opposite  bank,  sent  out  two  or 
three  men  to  see  that  the  way  was  clear.  They  came  about  half-way 
across,  and,  finding  everything  still  as  death,  returned,  and  the  head 
of  the  column  was  allowed  to  approach  within  a  few  feet,  their  bridle- 
reins  hanging  loosely  about  the  necks  of  their  horses  as  they  leisurely 
drank  from  the  stream.  At  a  given  signal  the  men  in  ambush  fired, 
and  a  scene  of  the  wildest  confusion  ensued,  during  which  the  fire  was 
kept  up,  until  the  Federals  retreated  beyond  range.  It  was  afterward 
ascertained  that  more  than  thirty  men  were  killed  and  wounded,  while 
a  number  of  horses  also  lay  dead  in  the  water. 

From  the  direction  in  which  the  enemy  was  heading,  and  from  in- 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  28& 

formation  received  from  scouts,  Gen.  Lewis  became  satisfied  that  his 
objective  point  was  Camden,  as  it  contained  a  considerable  quantity  cf 
government  stores,  with  a  number  of  locomotives  and  other  rolling 
stock  that  could  not  be  moved.  He  accordingly  ordered  the  militia 
to  hasten  back  to  the  vicinity  of  Camden,  and  begin  the  erection  of 
fortifications,  sending  a  suitable  officer  to  superintend  the  work.  The 
Federals  continued  to  press  him  back  in  that  direction,  but  so  slowly 
and  cautiously  that  it  was  three  days  before  he  had  reached  the  posi 
tion  occupied  by  the  militia.  A  heavy  skirmish  was  kept  up  some 
time,  in  front.  It  was  soon  evident,  however,  that  the  enemy  did  not 
intend  a  direct  attack  on  the  fortified  line,  but,  by  a  flank  movement 
on  the  left,  reach  the  town  without  serious  fighting.  Unable  to  prevent 
t:ds,  Gen.  Lewis  determined  to  destroy  the  rolling  stock  collected 
there,  and  whatever  other  public  property  that  could  not  be  carried 
away.  He  accordingly  sent  a  detachment  into  town  for  this  purpose, 
which  was  accomplished  before  the  enemy's  advance  reached  the  place ; 
but  it  was  soon  occupied  by  his  whole  force.  They  remained  only  one 
right,  and  then  set  out  evidently  to  retrace  their  steps  to  the  coast. 

Gen.  Lewis  had  hitherto  been  intrusted  with  the  entire  conduct  of 
affairs  here,  but  he  was  now  joined  by  Gen.  Young,  the  division  com 
mander,  who  was  accompanied  by  the  brigade  of  cavalry  which  had 
been  expected  some  days  before.  They  continued  to  harass  the  enemy 
for  two  days,  skirmishing  with  his  rear-guard  constantly,  but  at  the  end 
of  that  time,  Young  received  a  dispatch  from  Gen.  Johnston,  announc 
ing  a  truce — the  Confederate  troops  were  withdrawn — the  Federals 
pursued  their  route  seaward,  and  soon  Gen.  Johnston's  surrender  was 
announced.  The  war  had  virtually  ceased. 

Though  the  last  six  or  seven  months  had  not  been  prolific  of  great 
battles  and  the  usual  amount  of  sacrifice  among  the  Kentucky  troops, 
they  had  acted  well  the  part  assigned  them,  and  many  an  interesting 
episode  transpired  which  lent  a  zest  to  their  experience  in  the  new  line 
of  soldiering.  Several  daring  scouts  were  made  during  the  time  by 
small  parties  under  Capt.  Turney,  Lieut.  Henry  Buchanan,  Lieut. 
Kavanaugh,  and  other  officers,  the  particulars  of  which  would  be  full 
of  interest  were  it  consistent  with  our  plan,  or  even  possible,  to 
enumerate  them. 

After  it  was  definitely  ascertained  that  the  armies  under  Lee  and 
Johnston  had  surrendered,  Gen.  Lewis  proceeded  to  Washington, 
Georgia,  where  he  was  met  by  Gen.  Wilson's  provost  marshal,  prepared 
to  receive  surrender  of  such  troops  as  should  report  at  that  point.  The 
arms  were  laid  by  on  the  afternoon  of  Saturday,  May  6,  1865,  paroles 
were  received,  the  survivors  of  many  trials  and  many  conflicts  separ 
ated,  with  a  future  before  them  more  dark  and  doubtful  than  the  past 


286  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE, 

had  been,  and  the  First  Kentucky  Brigade  as  an  organization  was  no 
more. 

INCIDENTS  AND  ANECDOTES. 

I.  Its  Effect  on  a  Dead  Man. — The  relaxation    from   restraint 
and  repression  imposed   by   four   months  of  daily  danger,  anxiety, 
labor, — all  the  hardships  incident  to  a  long  and  unintermitting  cam 
paign, — which  came  with  the  order  to    join    the   cavalry,    speedily 
brought  into  play  the  characteristic  cheerfulness  and  the  exuberant  fun 
of  the  jolly  boys.     The  latter  found  expression  at  one  point  in  rallying 
the  new-comers ;  and  a  man  had  to  show  proof  that  he  had  been  absent 
because  he  was  really  a  "poor  sick  soldier,"  or  had  been  sent  to  hos 
pital  with  bullet  holes  in  his  hide,  if  he  wished  to  escape  unmerciful  guy 
ing.   On  one  occasion  a  lively  member  of  the  chosen  band  that  answered 
to  roll-call  when  the  first  horses  were  distributed  led  a  new  arrival  around 
and  showed  him  to  the  different  detachments  of  the  brigade  as  the 
identical  man  he  had  buried  at  Shiloh  nearly  two  years  and  a  half  be 
fore.   He  had  laid  him  neatly  to  rest,  he  said,  and  patted  the  dirt  down 
gently  but  firmly  over  his  head;  and  yet,  here  he  was,  ready  to  mount 
a  horse  and  range   the  woods  in    search  of  buttermilk  and  pine-top 
whisky. 

II.  A   Conglomeration   of   Odds  and  Ends. — Dyer,  in   his 
Reminiscences  of  the  First  Cavalry,  presents  a  pretty  hard  picture  of 
what  the  brigade  had  to  encounter  in  getting  itself  on  a  cavalry  footing. 
His  intimation  that  the  men  made  bridles  and  saddles  in  their  sleep  may 
be  set  down  to  a  lingering  memory  of  the  abuse  his  regiment  got  every 
time  it  made  itself  too  busy  waking  up  the  enemy  and  getting  the  Ken 
tucky  infantry  in  trouble.      "  It  was  to  be  expected,"  he  says,   "that 
after  the  long  and  gallant  service  of  the  Orphans,  now  to  be  mounted, 
they  would  be  furnished  with  the  very  best  of  everything.     The  love 
of    Kentuckians  for  horses,   and  their  pride    in   good   ones,    would 
naturally,    it  was  supposed,  induce    at  least  any  effort  to  give  them 
something  good  and  serviceable. 

"Not  so,  however.  All  the  worn  out  and  disabled  horses  of  the 
cavalry  and  artillery  were  gathered  and  turned  over  to  the  Kentuckians. 
There  were  few  in  the  lot  able  to  do  duty.  Some  were  worn  out  with 
long  and  hard  service,  and  all  were  defective  in  some  way.  Sore  backs, 
sore  shoulders,  gun-shot  wounds,  skinned  legs,  graveled  hoofs,  they 
had, — in  fact  almost  every  ill  that  horse-flesh  is  heir  to;  and  all  were 
very  poor.  It  was  the  greatest  aggregation  of  crow-bait  I  ever  saw, 
and  not  good,  decent  crow-bait  at  that.  A  sensible  crow  would  have 
thought  twice  before  depending  on  the  entire  lay-out  to  furnish  him  a 
square  meal.  And  the  equipments  !  If  possible  they  were  worse 
than  the  horses.  Old  dilapidated  saddle-trees,  innocent  of  stirrup  cr 
leathers,  and  bridles  without  bit  or  head-stall,  were  the  rule;  and  many 
had  not  so  much  as  either  bridle  or  saddle  or  the  semblance  thereof. 
But  the  boys  accepted  the  situation  as  they  found  it,  and  went  to  work 
with  a  will  to  fix  themselves  up  for  business.  They  concocted  all  sorts 
of  liniments  and  lotions,  and  put  in  their  time  bathing,  rubbing,  and 
feeding,  with  such  good  effect  that  in  three  weeks  nearly  all  the  horses 
were  ready  for  duty.  The  next  items  were  saddles  and  bridles,  which 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  287- 

they  manufactured  in  their  dreams,  at  least  I  suppose  they  did,  as  they 
;ilways  procured  them  at  night.  Why  they  dreamed  so  many  styles 
<>f  saddles  I  could  never  tell.  They  were  of  all  sorts,  shapes  and  pat 
terns;  old  men's  saddles,  young  men's  saddles,  and  boys'  saddles,  but 
very  few  of  the  army  pattern." 

III.  Thought  He  Knew  Cavalry  Tactics. — Among  the  Orphans 
was  a  young  fellow,  hardly  grown  at  the  time,  who  was  known  as  Bill 
Khodes.     He  was  rather  gawky  and  somewhat  of  a  butt  for  his  com 
rades;  but  he  wasn't  always  asleep,  even  when  his  eyes  were  closed. 
One  Col.  Hannen  had  a  small  regiment  of  cavalry  that  sometimes  ap 
peared,  for  which  the  brigade  had  conceived  a  dislike — presumably  be 
cause  they  got  most  of  the  buttermilk  that  was  to  be  had,  while  the  re 
ports  never  showed  that  enough  of  them  were  killed  to  compensate  for 
the  advantage  their  good  horses  gave  them.     One  morning  Hannen's 
cavalry  came  through  the  bivouac  of  the  brigade,  on  a  creek  between 
Jonesboro'  and   Fayetteville,  after  Stoneman's  discarded  horses  had 
:>een  turned  over  to  Gen.  Lewis,  as  previously  explained.     The  Ken- 
:uckians  were  about  ready  to  mount  and  take  the  road.      Rhodes  had 
no  saddle,  but  he  had  ingeniously  extemporized  a  pair  of  stirrups  by 
girding  on  his  blanket  with  rope  in  such  a  way  that  each  end  had  a 
,oop  for  the  foot  and  hung  down  like  the  stirrup  leather  of  a  saddle.    As 
die  unpopular  cavalrymen  were  filing  by  Rhodes  was  preparing  to 
nount,  but  he  was  on  the  wrong  side  of  his  war-horse,  with  his  right 
foot  in  the  stirrup.     This  raised  a  laugh  as  soon  as  Hannen's  men  saw 
r,  and  one  of  them  cried  out:  "  Just  see  that  cavalryman  !  He's  mount- 
>ng  on  the  wrong  side !  "     Rhodes  threw  himself  a-straddle  of  his  bare- 
bones,  and  as  he  straightened  up  he  yelled:  "You're  a  d — d  fool ! 
We're  marching  left  in  front  to-day!  "   This  stopped  the  laugh,  and  the 
;nerry-makers  seemed  to  wonder  whether  Kentucky  wasn't  really  bet- 
:<_T  up  in  cavalry  tactics  than  they  were. 

IV.  Kentucky  Against  Georgia:   How  Capt.  Turney  Got 
the  Sheepskin. — After  the  brigade  was  partially  mounted,   Capt. 
Turney  was  ordered  to  take  a  detail  of  men  and  go  down  below  For- 
sythe,  Ga. ,  to  gather  up  mules  and  horses,  as  many  of  the  men  were 
.still  afoot. 

One  morning  as  they  were  saddling  up  to  move,  a  citizen  rode  up. 
He  was  a  stout-looking  man,  apparently  about  forty-five  years  old, 
and  would  have  done  "excellent  well"  to  stop  a  bullet  in  the 
effort  which  Kentuckians  were  making  to  keep  Sherman  from  spread 
ing  all  over  Georgia;  but  he  was  evidently  one  of  the  stay-at-homes. 

There  was  no  inducement  for  the  boys  to  swap  horses  with  him,  as 
they  happened  to  have  as  good  as  he,  but  he  had  a  splendid  black 
sheepskin  for  a  saddle-seat,  and  as  Turney  was  new  to  the  use  of  the  rough 
army  saddle,  it  is  at  least  presumable  that  there  were  sore  places  on 
him;  and  besides,  he  was  short  of  blankets.  It  was  but  reasonable 
that  he  should  covet  that  sheepskin  ;  it  was  a  good,  soft  thing,  and  held 
out  the  promise  of  comfort  by  day  and  by  night.  Badly  as  he  wanted 
it,  however,  it  wasn't  the  Kentucky  way  not  to  give  even  a  stay-at-home 
a  chance  for  his  life — and  his  sheepskin;  so  he  offered  to  buy  it.  The 
conversation  was  short,  but  not  at  first  satisfactory.  "  Will  you  sell 
me  that  sheepskin?"  "  No,  I  won't  sell  it."  "  But,"  says  Turney, 
*'  I'll  pay  a  big  price  for  it."  "  Nobody'd  be  fool  enough,"  said  the 


288  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

owner,  "  to  give  me  what  I  paid  for  it."  "  How  much  did  you  pay?" 
"Forty  dollars."  ' '  I'll  pay  eighty  dollars."  "  But  I  won't  sell  at  any 
price."  Turney  was  about  to  despair,  but  he  tried  a  forlorn  hope: 
"  Well,"  said  he,  "  111  play  you  a  game  of  seven-up  for  who  shall  have 
it."  Fortunately,  that  struck  the  old  sinner,  and  he  inquired  with  ani 
mation  who  had  the  cards. 

Turney,  of  course  by  mere  chance,  had  a  deck  himself.  The 
sheepskin  was  spread  in  a  fence  corner;  the  citizen  seated  himself ; 
the  captain  in  his  eagerness  got  on  his  knees,  and  business  began — the 
latter  playing  as  though  his  life  depended  on  the  game.  The  Georgian 
soon  showed  why  he  was  so  quick  to  accept  the  challenge — he  knew  a 
thing  or  two  himself;  and  either  his  skill  or  the  captain's  bad  luck  was 
making  matters  blue;  the  game  presently  stood  five  for  Turney  and 
six  for  his  antagonist,  and  Turney's  deal.  Turney  stilled  his  con 
science  by  persuading  himself  that  his  struggle  for  that  saddle-seat  and 
night  protector  from  damp  ground,  was  war — and,  "  everything  is  fair 
in  war."  Success  depended  now  almost  wholly  upon  strategy,  so  he 
resorted  to  that.  He  shuffled  and  talked,  and  talked  and  shuffled  in 
such  a  way  that  he  confused  his  opponent  and  made  him  lose  his 
count.  "  The  game  now  stands  five  to  six,  you  know — you're  five, 
I'm  six." 

The  citizen  studied  this  assertion  a  minute  and  then  assented.  The 
next  step  was  to  throw  the  deal  on  him ;  so  he  went  through  another 
process  of  shuffling,  and  his  talk  was  wilder  than  ever;  his  mind 
seemed  to  turn  on  bushwhackers,  and  he  showed  a  bloody  delight  in 
his  ability  to  kill  them. 

By  this  time  Georgia  was  fairly  rattled,  perceiving  which  Turney 
passed  him  the  cards  to  deal.  He  studied  the  situation  again,  dealt, 
and  turned  a  club.  The  crisis  had  come.  Each  looked  at  his  hand, 
anxiously,  and  Georgia,  in  great  triumph,  said,  "  Here's  the  ace." 

Kentucky  asked,  with  apparent  contempt,  what  good  an  ace  could 
do  a  man  who  only  had  five  while  his  opponent  had  six,  and  held  the 
low  ;  he  then  showed  the  deuce. 

Having  thus  lost  his  sheepskin,  Georgia  got  up  and  rode  away  with 
out  even  saying  good-bye.  The  last  audible  sound  he  uttered  was: 
"  Here's  the  ace."  It  seemed  that  when  Kentucky's  deuce  beat  his 
ace  his  tongue  was  paralyzed ;  and  it  is  not  known  to  any  of  that  band 
of  Philistines  whether  he  ever  recovered.  One  peculiarity  about  the 
game  was  that  in  his  eagerness  to  show  Turney  that  other  people  could 
play  cards  as  well  as  Kentuckians,  the  citizen  failed  to  notice  that 
nothing  was  staked  by  the  captain,  the  proposition  being  simply  to 
play  for  who  should  have  the  hide. 

The  sorely  coveted  and  cleverly  won  saddle-seat  was  used  during 
the  remainder  of  the  war;  then  ridden  home;  and  at  last  was  de 
stroyed  by  a  mule  in  the  barn  of  Capt.  Turney's  father. 

V.  Jim  Price. — Mr.  Lincoln  had  the  misfortune  not  to  know  Jim 
Price,  of  Co.  F,  Second  Kentucky.  A  four-year  experience  with 
Price  would  have  led  him  to  modify  that  famous  statement  of  his  as  to 
the  impossibility  of  "fooling  all  the  people,"  etc.  Price  could  elude 
a  camp  sentry  in  broad  daylight,  cheat  a  provost  guard  made  up  of 
men  from  his  own  brigade,  hoodwink  his  officers,  visit  his  friends  in 
side  the  enemy's  lines,  beat  his  way  on  railroads,  and  make  himself  a 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  :M) 

welcome  guest  in  Southern  homes  whenever  it  struck  his  fancy  to  do 
so.  He  needed  no  passes,  no  tickets,  no  disguises  except  such  as  his 
face  and  figure  could  assume  in  a  twinkling.  A  story  or  two  may  be 
recorded  now  as  a  sort  of  monumental  tribute  to  the  memory  of  our 
jolly  comrade,  who  made  a  good  soldier,  fought  in  many  battles,  and 
made  a  thousand  friends,  but  couldn't  take  life  seriously  after  he  came 
home.  He  died  a  few  years  ago  with  little  to  his  credit,  except  his 
honorable  scars  and  his  fame  as  the  only  and  unapproachable  one  of 
his  kind.  In  moving  from  place  to  place  by  railroad,  as  it  was  some 
times  possible  for  troops  to  do,  a  man  would  drop  off  occasionally,  to 
make  friends  among  the  citizens,  and  better  his  physical  condition  by 
getting  something  more  nourishing  than  he  had  in  his  haversack  to  eat. 
Ordinarily,  a  soldier  had  to  have  a  little  money  with  which  to  pay  fare 
when  he  wanted  to  take  a  train  for  his  regiment,  but  Price  did  not 
need  money ;  he  could  fall  off  and  get  on  and  go  on  whenever  it  suited 
him.  How  he  played  conductors  will  be  understood  from  a  single  in 
stance.  Taking  his  place  among  passengers  one  day  after  he  had 
absented  himself  without  leave,  and  thought  it  time  to  be  getting  back 
to  his  command,  he  awaited  the  appearance  of  the  conductor.  When 
that  individual  stopped  to  collect  his  fare  Price  had  metamorphosed 
himself.  Instead  of  a  sensible  and  soldierly  looking  body,  he  was 
now  a  staring  idiot,  with  his  jaw  down,  his  hair  pulled  over  his  fore 
head,  and  twiddling  his  fingers,  after  the  manner  of  a  vacant  mind. 
"Ticket!"  said  the  conductor,  holding  out  his  hand.  Jim  looked  at 
him  with  lack-luster  eye  and  said,  as  though  unable  to  comprehend  his 
meaning,  "Sir?"  "Ticket!  ticket!  "  jerked  out  the  conductor.  Then 
Jim:  41Oh,  I'm  a  co — co — cornscript."  (A  conscript.)  "You're  a 
damned  fool!  "  rejoined  the  officer.  "  Yes,"  said  Price,  "  there's  lots 
o'  them."  The  ticket-gatherer  left  him  in  disgust. 

Being  one  day  in  a  store  at  Albany,  Ga. ,  two  young  ladies,  seeing 
that  he  was  a  soldier,  asked  him  where  he  belonged.  "  To  the  Ken 
tucky  Brigade."  "Oh,  you're  a  Kentuckian,  and  way  down  here 
fighting  for  us  ?"  "Yes,  Miss,  that's  what  we  are  doing."  "Don't 
you  get  awfully  home-sick,  being  away  so  long?  "  "  A  little  so,  some 
times,"  he  replied;  "but  nothing  like  one  of  your  Georgia  men  I  saw 
up  yonder  the  other  day."  "  How  was  that  ?  "  (Price  could  mimic 
anything  from  a  crying  baby  to  a  hee-hawing  donkey,  and  now  he 
gave  the  ladies  a  specimen  of  his  powers.)  "  Well,  I  happened  to  find 
him  out  on  picket-post,  and  instead  of  looking  out  for  the  enemy,  he 
had  his  hands  over  his  face,  crying.  (Then  showing  how  it  was  done 
he  put  up  his  hands  and  boo-hooed  and  snuffled,  while  his  listeners 
laughed.)  '  They've  put  me  out  here  by  myself,  a  hundred  yards  from 
camp — boo-hoo ! '  I  told  him  that  was  nothing — he  was  in  no  danger. 
'  But  that  ain't  all,'  he  answered  (and  then  Price  introduced  more 
mimicry  of  voice  and  manner),  '  that  ain't  the  worst  of  it!  I've  been 
serving  three  weeks  and  haint  never  drawed  a  dollar.'  I  told  him  that 
wasn't  anything,  either ;  that  I'd  been  out  three  years  and  had  neither 
drawn  a  dollar  nor  had  a  furlough.  '  Oh,'  continued  my  Georgia 
friend,  'that  ain't  the  worst  yet!  every  time  Ishetmy  eyes  I  see  Betsy  and 
the  children  (more  snuffling) — I  can't  stand  it!  I  see  Betsy  and  the 
children  every  time  I  shet  my  eyes  ! '  :  Though  the  girls  could  but 
see  that  Jim  was  unmercifully  satarizing  their  Georgia  soldiers,  he  won 

19 


290  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

their  admiration,  and  they  invited  him  to  stay  at  their  home  while  in 
that  vicinity. 

How  quick-witted  he  was  in  an  emergency  is  shown  by  the  follow 
ing  :  Some  time  during  the  war  he  concluded  to  visit  a  family  of 
whose  members  he  had  some  time  before  made  friends,  though  it  re 
quired  a  trip  beyond  the  enemy's  lines.  Armed  with  his  usual  pass 
port,  his  cheek,  he  reached  the  residence  without  mishap,  and  walked 
in,  unexpectedly  and  unceremoniously,  where  he  found  himself  in  a  bad 
box.  Some  Federal  officers  were  with  the  family  at  dinner.  When 
he  realized  his  danger,  he  saved  himself  and  relieved  his  friends  by 
throwing  his  head  up  in  a  silly  way,  and  bawling  out:  "  I  come  to 
borry  your  harrerr !  "  (sounding  the  word  "  harrow  "  in  as  clownish  a 
way  as  he  could).  His  friend  caught  on  instantly,  and  spoke  up: 
"  Right  out  there,  right  out  there,  go  and  take  it !  "  Of  course  he  lost 
no  time  in  backing  out  and  taking  to  his  heels. 

His  surviving  comrades  could  add  a  score  of  entertaining  stories  to 
these — some  of  them  better,  perhaps;  but  these  are  enough  to  indicate 
that  Co.  F  wore  the  belt  in  the  matter  of  odd  characters. 

VI.  Dead  on  His  Feet. — On  the  morning  the  enemy  occupied 
Camden,  South  Carolina,  April,  1865,  a  scout  of  ten   men   was  sent 
out  in  advance  of  the  brigade  to  ascertain  position  and  movements  of 
Potter's  troops.   Among  them  were  A.  T.  Pullen,  Co.  D,  Pius  Pulliam, 
Co.  B,  and  John  Miller,  Co.  I,  Second  Kentucky.     At  a  turn  in  the 
road  they  unexpectedly  ran  upon  a  large  detachment  of  Federals.  The 
scout  wheeled,  under  a  furious  fire,  and  narrowly  escaped  with  the  loss 
of  one  man,  John  Miller,  killed.    Pius  Pulliam  was  severely  wounded, 
but. escaped  capture.     Pullen  was  among  the  foremost  ones,  and  when 
he  turned  to  retreat  he  had  scarcely  gotten  under  way  before  he  dis 
covered  Miller  standing  on  the  ground  beside  his  horse,  and  asked  him 
whether  he  were  hurt.     He  replied  no,  but  seemed  dazed,  and  Pullen 
hastily  dismounted,  lifted  him  on  his  horse,  gave  him  the  reins,  and 
told  him  to  ride ;  but  glancing  back  he  saw  that  he  had  drawn  the  left 
rein  tightest  and  was  heading  toward  the  enemy.     The  situation  ad 
mitted  of  no  attempt  to  rescue  him,  and  he  was  seen  no  more.     The 
story  gained  currency  that  he  was  captured  and  murdered;  but  Pullen 
believed  that  he  received  his  death-shot  at  first  volley,  and  was  almost 
unconscious  when  he  replaced  him  in  his  saddle.     Pullen  had  thirteen 
bullet  marks  in  his  clothing  without  a  scratch  on  his  body. 

VII.  My  Ole  Missis'  Skillet. — On  the  March  to  the  Sea,  the  bri 
gade  went  into  bivouac  one  evening  in  some  woodland  skirting  the 
road,  and  one  flank  was  within  about  a  hundred  and  fifty  yards  of  a 
farmhouse  by  which  the  road  ran.  The  men  of  one  mess,  at  least,  found 
themselves  short  of  frying-pans;  and  a  borrower  was  dispatched  to  the 
house  to  inquire  whether  "  you-uns  would  lend  we-uns"  that  article. 
He  was  furnished  a  small  skillet,  which  he  promised  to  return ;  but 
next  morning  when  the  command  was  preparing  to  march,  it  appeared 
that  somebody  had  a  short  memory — the  property  had  not  gotten  home. 
Seeing  the  stir,  the  lady  of  the  house  sent  a  negro  woman  in  haste  to 
demand  it. 

She  came  trotting  down  the  road  with  the  inquiry :  "  Who's  got  my 
ole  missis'  skillet?  Some  o'  you  men  got  dat  skillet!  "  She  was  abreast 
of  the  Second  Kentucky  (the  truly  good),  when  her  tongue  got  loose; 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  291 

but  nobody  seemed  to  hear  till  she  grew  vociferous.  Then  a  kindly 
soul  desisted  from  his  preparations  long  enough  to  walk  to  the  road 
and  inquire  earnestly  what  was  wanted.  "  Whar's  my  ole  missis' 
skillet?  You's  de  very  man,  I  guess,  what's  got  it!"  "No,  1  haven't; 
but  I  can  tell  you  where  it  is.  Captain  Lewis  has  your  skillet.  You 
hunt  him  up  and  make  him  give  it  to  you."  To  her  eager  inquiries  as 
to  where  "Cap'n  Lewis"  might  be  found,  he  pointed  toward  where 
Gen.  Lewis  and  his  staff  were  stationed,  down  on  the  other  flank,  and 
advised  her  to  call  on  the  "  Cap'n"  immediately  and  not  to  be  put  off. 
Away  she  went,  demanding  to  know  as  she  rushed  along,  "  Which  one 
o'  dem  men  is  Cap'n  Lewis?" — and  of  course  the  innocents  pointed 
out  the  brigadier  and  encouraged  her  not  to  allow  him  to  escape.  It 
is  not  known  to  the  writer  what  peculiar  phraseology  the  general  used 
when  attacked,  or  even  whether  she  reached  him  at  all;  but  it  is  safe 
to  say  that  those  people  died  under  the  impression  (if  they  are  dead) 
that  the  Cap'n  kept  that  skillet  and  was  a  mighty  bad  man. 

VIII.  New  Brains  Evolve  Old  Jokes. — A  writer  on  "  Fact 
and  Fable"  has  said  that  most  of  the  striking  anecdotes  of  modern  sol 
diers  and  eminent  public  men  may  be  traced  to  the  ancients.     This  is 
doubtless  true  to  a  great  extent;   nevertheless,  a  large  proportion  of 
those  that  relate  to  soldiers  are  as  truly  their  own  expressions  of  wit, 
humor,  and  sentiment  as  though  the  ancients  had  never  lived.     Men 
of  all  times  fall  into  similar  trains  of  thought  in  similar  circumstances 
— certain  apposite  reflections  or  ludicrous  whims  suggest  themselves 
with  the  occasion,  and  are  as  much  the  offspring  of  the  last  brain  from 
which  they  are  coined  as  though  no  other  head  had  ever  done  so.     Grim- 
shaw,  in  his  History  of  the  United  States,  spices  a  page  with  a  story 
of  an  American  captain  who  went  with  a  new  hat  on  into  battle  with 
the  British  and  got  a  bullet  through  it,   which  raked  his  skull  with 
sufficient  force  to  knock  him  senseless.     When  he  was  removed  and 
had  recovered  consciousness,  some  began  to  condole  with  him  about 
the  severity  of  his  wound,  to  which  he  replied  :     ' '  Ah !  Time  and  the 
doctors  will  mend  that;  but  the  rascals  have  spoiled  my  new  hat!" 
Speeches  with  the  same  turn  of  thought  were  heard  after  almost  every 
battle  in  which  the  brigade  was  engaged,  from  men  who  had  probably 
never  read  Grimshaw's  story.     A  soldier  detailed  for  picket  duty  one 
day  was  observed  to  pull  off  a  new  shirt  and  put  on  an  old  and  tat 
tered   one.       "What's    that    for?"  asked    an    astonished    comrade. 
"Oh!"  he  answered,   "  I'm  not  going  to  let  the  Yankees  shoot  my 
new  shirt !  "     And  another,   whose  clothes  had  been  badly  torn  by  a 
piece  of  shell,  settled  the  question  of  comparative  merits  of  shell  and 
solid  shot  by  declaring  that  if  a  man  was  hit  without  being  killed  the 
shell  was  the  worse  missile  because  it  tore  his  clothes  up  so. 

IX.  The  Cheerful   Brigade. — Comrade   Hutchen  wrote  in  an 
appreciative  vein  some  years  ago  of  what  he  was  pleased  to  call  the 
"Cheerful  Brigade."     His  evident  admiration  of  the  "jolly  boys" 
could  but  touch  a  responsive  chord  in  the  hearts  of  all  who  live  to  re 
member  under  what  trying  circumstances  and  what  a  long  succession 
of  them  they  kept  their  good  humor  and  drove  away  dull  care,  even 
when  hope  was  waning  and  there  was  little  to  appeal  to  them  except  a 
sense  of  honor  and  true  manliness.     He  cites  the  conduct  of  certain 
other  troops,   with  whom  the  Orphans  were  sometimes  associated  as 


292  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

neighbors  in  camp — how  they  would  mope  and  moan  and  repine  at 
their  hard  fortunes  as  the  star  of  the  Confederacy  seemed  to  pale,  and 
their  army  was  defeated  by  the  overpowering  numbers  and  inexhausti 
ble  military  resources  of  their  enemies;  while  their  thoughts  of  peaceful 
pursuits  and  their  recollections  of  home  life  made  them  fret  and  fume, 
and  express  almost  childishly  their  longing  to  throw  aside  the  soldier's 
trappings  and  return  to  field  and  shop  and  marts  of  trade. 

The  condition  of  the  Kentuckians  had  little  of  promise  in  it;  as  the 
years  went  by  it  had  less  of  hope  ;  and  as  they  gave  up  their  brave  and 
true  in  every  conflict,  and  reflected  that  the  sacrifice  was  for  a  prin 
ciple  which  blood  and  suffering  could  sanctify  but  seemed  insufficient 
to  save  from  defeat,  it  had  in  it  an  element  of  despair.  And  yet  they 
faltered  not,  and  uttered  no  curses,  complaints  or  distressful  cries.  Ap 
parently  too  much  of  this  has  been  attributed  to  the  fact  that  in  the 
main  these  Kentuckians  were  young  men — unmarried  men,  upon  whom 
the  cares  of  the  world  had  not  yet  fallen  heavily,  and  who  were  not 
yet  bowed  down  by  responsibilities  and  subdued  by  suffering.  The 
exuberent  spirits  of  the  young  amount  to  much  in  giving  that  elasticit} 
which  recovers  from  repeated  blows  and  rises  when  borne  down  by  mis 
fortune;  but  the  explanation  of  the  fact  that  there  was  a  "Cheerfu. 
Brigade/'  even  in  days  of  darkness  and  dire  calamity,  is  found  in  the 
simple  statement  that  they  were  Kentuckians.  It  is  characteristic  of  the 
Kentuckian  that  he  disdains  to  whine,  and  he  scorns  a  sniveller.  If  he 
assumes  a  burden  or  a  responsibility,  he  bears  it  like  a  man,  and  re 
frains  from  upbraiding  others  when  he  has  to  meet  the  consequences  of 
of  own  acts.  If  he  finds  himself  fairly  beaten  in  a  contest,  he  respects 
his  adversary,  and  cheerfully  pursues  his  way,  instead  of  sitting  down 
to  repine  over  ill-fortune  and  invent  excuses  for  being  miserable  and 
distressing  others  with  a  scowling  brow  and  bitter  speech. 

They  sang  their  songs — rollicking  sometimes,  as  though  they  defied 
fate;  had  their  games  and  played  their  pranks;  told  their  stories  and 
read  and  discussed  such  favorite  authors  as  they  could  lay  hand> 
upon;  knew  of  uncles  and  aunts  and  cousins  in  strange  places  and 
played  their  officers  for  leave  to  slip  off  and  see  the  dear  ones  once 
more — and  get  something  to  eat  and  drink;  made  life  a  burden  to  Jc3 
Brown's  militia;  scared  plantation  negroes;  made  gawkish  youth  and 
credulous  old  men  believe  that  nothing  else  in  earth  or  atmosphere  or 
sea  was  like  things  up  in  Kentucky;  put  on  the  airs  of  gentlemen  and 
gallants  so  well,  when  opportunity  for  a  social  evening  offered,  that 
mean  clothing  could  not  discount  the  man — in  short,  were  as  full  cf 
life  on  the  march  and  in  camp  as  they  were  full  of  fight  on  the  bloody 
field. 

X.  Our  Star-Gazer. — Pat  Fitzgerald,  of  Co.  K,  2d  Kentucky, 
an  Irishman,  who  had  cultivated  a  taste  for  reading  and  study,  carried 
a  small  library  in  his  knapsack  and  used  it  with  some  diligence.  His 
favorite  subject  was  astronomy;  and  he  combined  with  his  reading 
quite  an  intelligent  observation  of  the  heavens.  On  one  occasion  he 
was  corporal  of  the  picket  guard,  but  he  had  no  watch,  and  declined 
to  provide  himself  with  one  by  borrowing.  So  for  a  time-keeper  he 
put  up  at  his  picket  base  two  sticks,  one  of  which  was  to  cast  a  shadow 
from  moonlight  and  the  other  to  indicate  the  end  of  the  first  two  hours, 
when  his  relief  was  to  be  posted.  Frank  Mullen,  who  afterward  served 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  293 

awhile  in  the  Confederate  navy,  was  on  post  when  the  sticks  were 
set  up;  but  when  at  least  two  hours  had  passed,  as  he  reckoned  it,  he 
began  to  look  for  the  corporal  with  a  man  to  relieve  him.  The  weary 
hours  went  by,  however,  and  he  did  not  appear  till  it  wasalmost  dawn. 
It  was  reported  that  he  found  Mullen  indulging  in  an  audible  soliloquy, 
the  burden  of  which  was  profane  abuse  of  a  man  who  in  a  case  of  the 
kind  would  rely  on  an  extemporized  clock.  Fitzgerald  had  miscal 
culated.  While  he  was  watching  for  the  shadow  to  approach  the 
mark,  the  moon  went  down,  and  he  fell  into  such  confusion  of  mind 
that  he  couldn't  perceive  the  difference  between  two  hours  and  a  half- 
dozen  or  more. 

XI.  Dying  in  the  Last  Ditch. — There  was  some  vaunting  on  the 
part  of  men  of  both  sections  during  the  few  months  of  agitation  and 
excitement  preceding  the  beginning  of  hostilities,  and  even  after  the 
war  was  being  waged  in  earnest.  A  good  deal  was  heard  about  the 
determination  of  Southern  men  to  die  in  the  last  ditch  rather  than  sub 
mit  to  Northern  domination ;  but  the  serious  work  of  four  years  stopped 
a  little  (though  comparatively  little)  short  of  this  dire  consummation. 
It  is  not  extravagant  to  claim,  however,  that  the  main  body  of  men 
who  lived  and  fought  till  the  struggle  was  seen  to  be  hopeless  would 
have  gone  to  this  extremity  at  the  call  of  leaders  whom  they  really 
trusted.  The  temper  of  the  Kentucky  soldiers  during  the  last  days, 
taken  in  connection  with  the  fact  that,  several  times  before,  they  had 
refused  to  give  ground  without  orders  when  imminent  destruction 
stared  them  in  the  face,  warrants  the  assertion  that  if,  like  Leonidas 
and  his  little  band,  they  had  been  posted  with  orders  to  "  guard  the 
pass  "  against  overwhelming  odds,  live  or  die,  there  would  have  been 
a  virtual  repetition  of  the  old  story  that  "  none  were  left  to  tell  the 
tale." 


294  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 


CHAPTER  XVI. 

MEDICAL    AND  SURGICAL  OFFICERS    OF  THE  BRIGADE,  WITH    BIOGRAPHI 
CAL  SKETCHES  AND  PORTRAITS. 

The  History  of  the  Kentucky  Brigade  would  be  incomplete  without 
a  special  notice  of  those  officers  who  constituted  its  medical  staff.  To 
their  hands  were  committed,  not  only  the  care  of  the  sick  and 
wounded,  but,  in  a  large  measure,  the  efficiency  of  the  command. 
Their  office  was  not  only  to  cure  and  to  heal,  but  to  befriend,  to  nurse, 
to  comfort;  not  only  to  restore  the  disabled  to  their  commands,  but 
carefully  to  discriminate  for  duty,  and  to  adopt  general  measures  for 
the  prevention  of  disease.  They  were  not  merely  to  dress  the  wounded 
and  comfort  the  dying  in  battle,  but  to  nerve  the  soldiers  with  the  as 
surance  that  the  calamities  of  the  impending  conflict  would  be  miti 
gated  by  a  skillful  as  well  as  a  willing  hand,  and  by  kind  and  gentle 
care. 

These  benefits  were  realized  in  an  unusual  degree  by  the  Kentucky 
troops.  Their  surgeons  were  generally  men  of  talent,  skill,  and 
friendly  feeling.  In  field  and  in  hospital  they  commanded  the  resources 
of  the  army  and  the  cooperation  of  citizens  alike,  through  their  per 
sonal  character  and  their  singular  relation  to  the  hospitalities  of  the 
country. 

Fortunately,  they  were  aided  by  the  influence  and  abilities  of  fellow- 
Kentuckians  who  shared  their  interest,  and  were  capable,  through  their 
positions  as  medical  directors  and  purveyors,  of  affording  facilities 
otherwise  difficult  to  command 

Dr.  David  W.  Yandell,  medical  director  for  Gen.  Albert  Sidney 
Johnston  and  Gen.  Joseph  E.  Johnston;  Dr.  S.  M.  Bemiss,  assistant 
medical  director  of  hospitals  for  the  Army  of  Tennessee;  Dr.  Preston 
B.  Scott,  medical  director  of  the  Department  of  Mississippi  and 
Alabama,  and  Dr.  John  F.  Young  and  Dr.  Schaub,  all  Kentuckians, 
while  discharging  their  general  duties  to  their  own  and  to  the  honor 
of  their  native  State,  were  always  alive  to  the  peculiar  interests  of  the 
brigade  with  which  they  were  so  much  identified. 

Dr.  D.  W.  Yandell  left  Louisville  in  the  autumn  of  1861,  and  was 
at  once  made  the  medical  director  of  the  lamented  Albert  Sidney 
Johnston.  Upon  the  death  of  that  officer,  he  was  made  president  of 
the  medical  examining  board  for  the  Army  of  Tennessee.  Seeking 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  295 

more  active  service  in  the  field,  he  made  the  campaign  of  Kentucky 
as  the  medical  director  of  Gen.  Hardee.  Recognizing  his  skill  as  a 
surgeon,  and  his  high  order  of  administrative  ability,  Gen.  Joseph  E. 
Johnston  called  him  to  his  personal  staff,  and  gave  him  charge  of  the 
medical  department  of  field  and  hospital  during  the  eventful  campaign 
of  Mississippi  in  1863.  His  preeminent  abilities  found  ample  scope 
for  their  exercise  in  the  general  disorder  attending  the  fall  of  Vicks- 
burg.  With  a  bold  hand  he  grasped  and  met  the  difficulties  of  the 
occasion,  which  would  have  dismayed  any  ordinary  mind.  He  rapidly 
replenished  our  exhausted  hospital  supply,  and  reorganized  and  placed 
in  immediate  efficiency  a  department  demoralized  by  the  reverses  which 
preceded  him.  Upon  the  transfer  of  Gen.  Johnston,  to  the  command 
of  the  Army  of  Tennessee,  he  was  assigned  to  duty  with  Gen.  E. 
Kirby  Smith,  in  the  Trans-Mississippi  Department,  and  remained  his 
medical  director  to  the  close  of  the  war.  He  then  sought  the  field  of 
his  former  usefulness  and  honor,  and  reengaged  in  active  practice  and 
in  teaching  in  the  University  of  Louisville. 

Dr.  Bemiss  was  a  native  of  Nelson  County,  and  left  a  large  and  lucra 
tive  practice  in  Louisville  to  go  where  he  could  assert  his  opinions 
without  restraint,  and  devote  his  eminent  administrative  ability  and 
professional  skill  to  the  care  of  those  whose  confidence  he  had  already 
acquired.  He  was  immediately  assigned  to  hospital  duty,  for  which 
he  was  peculiarly  fitted,  and  was  soon  transferred  to  a  larger  field  of 
usefulness,  as  assistant  medical  director  of  hospitals,  for  the  Army  of 
Tennessee.  In  this  capacity  he  served  with  distinction  throughout  the 
war,  and  returned,  at  its  close,  to  Louisville,  where  he  resumed  active 
practice  until,  in  1866,  he  was  invited  to  take  the  chair  of  theory  and 
practice  of  medicine  in  the  University  of  Louisiana,  which  position  he 
filled  with  distinguished  usefulness  and  honor. 

In  this  connection  we  may  mention  another  Kentuckian,  whose  hos 
pital  was  sought  by  almost  every  member  of  the  brigade  who  needed 
treatment — Dr.  Joshua  Gore,  of  Bloomfield — not  only  for  his  medical 
skill,  but  to  receive  his  humane  care  and  tender  nursing. 

Dr.  Schaub  and  Dr.  John  F.  Young,  medical  purveyors,  both  genial 
and  high-toned  gentlemen  and  accommodating  officers,  deserve  great 
credit  for  the  efficiency  with  which  they  supplied  the  medical  and  hos 
pital  wants  of  the  brigade. 

In  our  notice  of  the  medical  officers  of  regiments,  we  are  compelled 
to  be  brief,  not  only  on  account  of  the  limited  space  allotted  to  this  part 
of  the  work,  but  from  the  difficulty  of  obtaining  special  information. 

Dr.  B.  M.  Wible,  a  native  of  Nelson  county,  wasthe  first  surgeon  of  the 
Second  Regiment.  He  entered  the  command  at  the  beginning  of  the 
war,  at  a  time  when  excess  of  sickness  demanded  a  skillful  and  humane 


296  HISTORY  OV  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

physician.  His  excellent  heart  and  faithful  attention  endeared  him  to 
every  member  of  his  regiment.  After  having  served  with  it  some  time, 
he  was  ordered  to  assume  charge  of  the  Hess  Hospital,  in  Bowling 
Green,  and,  in  a  short  time,  was  made  medical  director  for  the  Central 
Army  of  Kentucky,  in  which  capacity  he  acted  some  time.  He  then 
took  charge  of  the  sick  of  the  Second  Regiment,  at  Bowling  Green, 
when  that  command  went  to  Donelson,  and,  after  having  sent  them  to 
Nashville,  he  reported  to  Gen.  Johnston  at  Murfreesboro',  and-was  as 
signed  to  duty  as  post  surgeon  at  Huntsville,  Alabama.  When  the 
battle  of  Shiloh  occurred,  he  hurried  to  the  field  with  the  hospital 
supplies  which  he  had  collected,  and  was  on  duty  in  the  various 
field  hospitals  assisting  in  attention  to  the  wounded,  particularly  on  the 
second  day.  After  this  he  was  variously  engaged,  some  time  at  Cor 
inth,  in  care  of  the  wounded,  whose  surgeons  had  not  come  in  from  the 
battlefield ;  then  as  medical  inspector  of  the  army  (in  which  capacity  he 
performed  much  arduous  duty) ;  then  as  surgeon  in  charge  of  post  hos 
pital  at  Brookville,  Mississippi;  then  at  Tunnel  Hiil,  Georgia;  after 
ward  at  Forsythe,  from  which  place  he  was  ordered  to  Newnan,  to  suc 
ceed  Dr.  Gamble,  as  senior  surgeon  in  charge  of  hospitals  there.  He 
was  here  during  the  excitement  caused  in  1864  by  the  apprehen 
sion  of  raiders,  when  the  wounded  were  frequently  sent  into  the  woods 
and  secreted,  to  prevent  capture ;  and  when  the  fight  occurred  be 
tween  McCook  and  Brownlow,  commanding  Federal  cavalry,  and 
Wheeler  and  Roddy,  he  received  the  enemy's  wounded  and  cared  for 
them.  From  Newnan  he  went  to  Fort  Valley  and  Americus,  and  estab 
lished  hospitals  at  those  places,  himself  taking  charge  of  those  at  Amer 
icus.  In  the  early  winter  of  1864  he  relieved  Surgeon  Nichol,  in 
charge  of  hospitals  at  Cuthbert,  Georgia,  and  was  ordered  to  organize 
there,  and  take  charge  of  the  same,  a  special  hospital  for  the  treatment 
of  unhealed  wounds  and  deformities.  He  remained  here  till  the  close 
of  the  war,  when  he  repaired  to  the  home  of  his  wife.  He  had  mar 
ried,  November,  1864,  Miss  M.  C.  Brown,  daughter  of  Dempsey 
Brown,  Esq.,  of  Houston  county,  Georgia.  He  remained  at  Houston, 
engaged  in  both  planting  and  practice,  till  March,  1866,  when  he  took 
up  his  residence  at  his  old  home  in  Louisville. 

Associated  with  Dr.  Wible,  in  the  Second  Regiment,  was  Dr.  The- 
ophilus  Steele,  of  Woodford  county,  afterward  a  resident  of  New  York, 
who,  after  a  brief  period  spent  in  the  medical  department,  sought  more 
active  service,  and  distinguished  himself  as  a  gallant  colonel  of  cavalry 
in  the  command  of  Gen.  Morgan. 

On  the  return  of  the  Second  Regiment  from  prison,  Dr.  Hugh  G. 
Smith,  of  Owen  county,  was  appointed  surgeon  and  assigned  to  the 
place  vacated  by  Dr.  Steele's  transfer.  (See  sketch). 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  297 

Ur.  John  O.  Scott,  of  Franklin  county,  was  assigned  to  this  regi 
ment  in  October,  1862.  (See  sketch). 

Dr.  B.  W.  Dudley,  of  Lexington,  was  appointed  assistant  surgeon 
in  October,  1861,  and  served  with  the  Second  Regiment  until  the  trip 
to  Rochester,  when  he  was  taken  ill;  and,  after  having  recovered,  was 
assigned  to  duty  elsewhere. 

Dr.  Arthur  T.  Forman,  of  Danville,  was  appointed  assistant  surgeon 
at  a  period  in  the  war  not  definitely  known  to  the  writer,  and  which 
he  has  found  it  impossible  to  ascertain.  He  was  a  gentleman  of  fine 
literary  tastes,  agreeable  manners,  and  professional  skill;  ambitious  of 
distinction  in  life,  and  entertaining  just  views  of  the  means  by  which 
alone  young  practitioners  may  hope  to  rise.  He  served  with  honor, 
and  those  who  knew  him  best  esteemed  him  most.  It  is  regretted 
that  our  limited  intercourse  with  him  was  inadequate  to  give  us  more 
explicit  knowledge  of  his  career,  both  as  a  surgeon  and  a  civil  prac 
titioner. 

Dr.  B.  T.  Marshall,  of  Greensburg,  became  surgeon  of  the  Fourth 
Regiment  at  its  organization.  He  resigned  after  the  battle  of  Shiloh, 
on  account  of  ill-health,  but  afterward  entered  the  service  as  one  of 
the  surgeons  of  Wheeler's  command  of  cavalry. 

On  the  ist  of  May,  1862,  Dr.  Preston  B.  Scott  was  appointed  to 
fill  this  vacancy.  (See  sketch). 

In  May,  1862,  Dr.  Stanhope  P.  Breckinridge,  a  young  physician  of 
Danville,  reported  to  his  distinguished  kinsman,  Gen.  Breckinridge, 
then  in  command  of  the  Reserve  Corps,  and  was  assigned  to  duty  as 
assistant  surgeon  of  the  Fourth  Regiment.  He  was  afterward  placed 
on  duty  with  a  cavalry  command,  and  his  health  failing  very  soon,  he 
was  assigned  to  hospital  duty,  in  which  he  continued  throughout  the 
remainder  of  the  war.  He  died  in  Chattanooga  about  thirty  years 
after  the  war. 

This  vacancy  was  for  a  time  filled  by  Dr.  Ben  Scott,  of  Greensburg, 
(see  Co.  F,  Fourth  Regiment),  who  afterward  became  a  gallant  officer 
of  cavalry ;  and  subsequently  by  Hospital  Steward  Robert  R.  Parsons, 
of  Frankfort,  whose  fidelity  in  this  capacity  secured  the  esteem  of  the 
regiment. 

On  the  25th  of  November,  1862,  Dr.  Thaddeus  L.  Dodge,  of  Clin 
ton,  Ky. ,  was  regularly  appointed  to  fill  the  vacant  position.  .  He  was 
held  in  high  regard  by  officers  and  men,  for  his  kindness,  his  uniform 
courtesy,  and  for  his  unchanging  fidelity  to  his  duties. 

Associated  with  Dr.  Dodge,  after  the  transfer  of  Dr.  Scott,  in  the 
professional  care  of  the  regiment,  was  Assistant  Surgeon  J.  W.  Eck- 
ford,  of  Aberdeen,  Mississippi.  He  had  been  on  hospital  duty,  and 
was  left  with  our  wounded  at  Murfreesboro'.  By  his  faithful  and  effi- 


298  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

cient  service  there,  he  won  the  confidence  of  Dr.  Scott,  then  brigade 
surgeon,  who,  immediately  upon  his  return,  secured  his  services  to  his 
own  regiment. 

Dr.  Charles  Mann,  surgeon  of  the  Fifth  Regiment  at  the  time  it  was 
connected  with  the  Kentucky  Brigade,  is  a  native  of  Kenton  County, 
and  graduated  with  distinction  at  the  Ohio  Medical  College,  Cincin 
nati.  Upon  Gen.  E.  Kirby  Smith's  marching  into  Kentucky,  he  re 
ported  to  this  officer,  and  was  placed  on  duty  with  the  sick  and 
wounded  in  and  around  Nicholasville.  Having  remained  until  this 
duty  was  discharged,  he  passed  through  the  lines,  and  again  reported 
to  Gen.  Smith,  at  Knoxville,  December  n,  1862.  He  was  then  as 
signed  to  hospital  duty  under  Medical  Director  Frank  Ramsey,  with 
whom  he  remained,  filling  a  number  of  responsible  stations,  till  No 
vember,  1863,  when  he  was  ordered  by  Gen.  Buckner  to  report  to 
Col.  Hawkins,  commanding  the  Fifth  Regiment,  and  he  afterward 
continued  its  surgeon  to  the  close.  Surgeon  Mann  was  a  faithful  and 
attentive  officer — earnest  and  careful  as  a  medical  attendant,  and 
skilled  as  an  operator. 

Dr.  N.  J.  Thompson,  of  Tuscaloosa,  Ala.,  was  long  on  duty  with 
the  Fifth  Regiment  as  assistant  surgeon,  but  both  our  personal  knowl 
edge  of  him,  and  our  material,  are  inadequate  to  supply  further  no 
tice. 

The  medical  staff  of  the  Sixth  Regiment  underwent  but  little  change. 
The  care  of  it  was  intrusted  for  the  first  year  to  Assistant  Surgeons  R. 
R.  Stevenson  and  John  L.  Vertrees,  and,  in  a  great  measure,  to  Dr. 
Thomas  L.  Newberry.  (See  more  detailed  sketch  elsewhere  in  this 
work.)  In  the  fall  of  1862,  Dr.  Stevenson  was  promoted  to  surgeon, 
and  one  year  subsequently  was  transferred  to  hospital  duty.  (See 
sketch.)  Dr.  Vertrees  succeeded  him  in  regular  promotion,  and  re 
mained  the  surgeon  of  the  command  until  the  surrender  of  the  armies. 
He  had  been  a  practicing  physician  in  Glasgow,  and  by  a  previous 
acquaintance  with  a  great  many  of  the  officers  and  men,  secured  their 
esteem  and  good  will.  This  he  retained  to  the  last  by  his  faithful  ad 
herence  to  their  fortunes,  as  well  as  by  his  unvarying  kindness  and 
good  humor. 

The  care  of  the  medical  department  of  the  Ninth  Regiment  was 
first  intrusted  to  Surgeon  John  Ed  Pendleton  and  Assistant  Surgeon 
Alfred  Smith,  with  James  Bemiss  as  their  hospital  steward.  Dr.  Pen 
dleton,  a  native  of  Washington  county,  graduated  at  the  University  of 
Louisville  in  the  spring  of  1854,  and  was  engaged  in  the  practice  of 
medicine  at  Hartford,  Ky.,  till  the  war  broke  out.  He  then  recruited 
a  company  of  infantry,  and  joined  the  Confederate  forces  at  Russell- 
ville,  where  he  was  attached  to  Col.  Hunt's  regiment,  and  the  com- 


DR.  JOIIX   E.  PENDLETON. 


DR.   WALTER  J.  BYRNE. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  299 

pany  was  afterward  commanded  by  Captains  Mitchell  and  Newman. 
He  was  chosen  in  a  short  time  by  Col.  Hunt  to  be  surgeon  of  his  regi 
ment,  whereupon  he  gave  up  his  position  as  captain,  appeared  before 
the  medical  examining  board,  and  was  commissioned  surgeon.  He  was 
assigned  to  duty  with  the  Ninth  Regiment,  and  served  as  regimental 
(and  brigade)  surgeon  till  just  prior  to  the  battle  of  Baton  Rouge, 
when,  owing  to  the  illness  of  Dr.  Avent,  he  was  appointed  on  Gen. 
Breckinridge's  staff,  and  remained  with  him  until  after  the  battle  of 
Murfreesboro',  serving  also,  meanwhile,  on  the  board  for  the  exam 
ination  of  applicants  for  position  as  surgeons  and  assistant  surgeons,  in 
connection  with  Dr.  D.  W.  Yandell,  of  Louisville,  and  Dr.  J.  F. 
Heustis,  of  Mobile.  He  was  left  in  charge  of  the  wounded  of  Breck 
inridge's  division,  after  the  battle  of  Stone  River,  where  he  remained 
for  nearly  t,w,o  months  engaged  in  the  most  laborious  official  duties. 
Returning  through  the  lines,  he  was  appointed  inspector  of  the  med 
ical  department  of  the  cavalry  of  the  Army  of  Tennessee,  in  which 
capacity  he  served  some  time,  when  he  solicited  to  be  assigned  perma 
nently  to  the  cavalry,  and  was  accordingly  made  chief  surgeon  of  Maj.- 
Gen.  Martin's  division,  of  Wheeler's  corps,  and  was  with  that  com 
mand  through  every  raid  and  engagement  from  the  diastrous  affair  at 
Shelbyville,  Tenn.,  to  the  final  surrender.  In  all  the  duties  of  his 
office,  Surgeon  Pendleton  displayed  throughout  an  eminent  fitness.  A 
discreet  and  experienced  physician,  a  bold,  yet  prudent  and  skillful 
surgeon,  a  brave  and  courteous  gentleman,  he  filled  the  several  sta 
tions  to  which  he  was  called  with  honor  to  himself,  satisfaction  to  his 
superior  officers,  and  benefit  to  those  under  his  care.  In  his  official 
intercourse  with  his  fellow-surgeons  he  won  their  esteem  and  friend 
ship  ;  and,  as  a  staff  officer,  the  respect  of  all  by  his  gallant  bearing. 
He  returned  from  an  eventful  military  career  with  the  consciousness  of 
a  service  well  directed  and  well  performed,  and  of  a  reputation  justly 
won,  to  his  wife  and  children,  home  and  friends,  and  to  a  larger  pro 
fessional  patronage,  to  devote  to  them  the  remainder  of  his  life. 

Dr.  Walter  J.  Byrne  succeeded  Dr.  Pendleton  as  surgeon  of  the 
Ninth  Regiment,  in  the  autumn  of  1862,  at  Murfreesboro'.  He  was 
associated  with  the  command  during  the  occupation  of  the  State  by 
the  troops  of  Gen.  Albert  Sidney  Johnston,  but  was  detained,  on  its 
evacuation,  by  domestic  afflictions.  He  had  a  kind  of  inherited  fitness 
for  his  profession,  his  ancestors  having  been  physicians  for  genera 
tions;  and  was  fully  qualified  for  it  by  a  thorough  classical  education, 
and  by  professional  study  in  the  office  of  his  grandfather,  Dr.  Walter 
Jones  (an  eminent  practitioner  of  his  day),  and  in  the  universities  and 
hospitals  of  Louisville  and  St.  Louis.  He  was  favorably  introduced  to 
his  command  by  their  previous  knowledge  of  his  large  experience  and 


300  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

established  reputation.  No  medical  officer  could  have  been  more 
faithful  to  his  charge.  During  his  long  connection  with  the  regiment 
he  was  absent  but  four  days.  He  was  on  duty  at  every  engagement 
from  Hartsville  to  Jonesboro',  which  latter  closed  the  career  of  the 
Kentucky  Brigade  as  infantry.  He  served  repeatedly  as  senior  sur 
geon  of  brigade,  and  directed  its  interests  with  judgment  and  fidel 
ity.  During  the  winter  spent  at  Dalton  he  was  one  of  the  division 
medical  board  for  the  examination  of  disabled  soldiers,  and  his  discharge 
of  this  duty  was  such  of  itself  as  to  mark  him  thoroughly  skilled  in  his 
profession.  His  disposition  was  social  and  genial,  and  he  made  many 
and  lasting  friends.  As  a  surgeon,  he  was  skillful,  but  conservative; 
and  he  saved,  through  his  judgment  and  kindness,  many  a  limb  which, 
under  other  circumstances,  would  have  been  sacrificed.  After  the 
close  of  the  war  he  resumed  his  practice  at  Russellville,  and  took  his 
place  among  his  fellow-soldiers  and  fellow-citizens  as  a  man  of  honor 
and  usefulness. 

Dr.  Alfred  Smith,  of  Bardstown,  was  chosen  by  Col.  Hunt  as  the  as 
sistant  surgeon  of  his  regiment.  He  left  Bardstown  with  Capt.  (after 
ward  Colonel)  John  C.  Wickliffe,  in  the  autumn  of  1861,  to  engage  in 
what  he  deemed  a  righteous  resistance  of  unwarranted  interference 
with  the  rights  of  the  States.  He  had  taken,  at  St.  Joseph's  College, 
of  his  native  city,  the  degrees  of  Bachelor  and  Master  of  Arts,  and  a 
complete  course  of  professional  study  in  the  University  of  St.  Louis. 
He  discharged  the  duties  of  assistant  surgeon  with  constant  fidelity, 
giving  rare  satisfaction  for  one  so  young,  until  March,  1864,  when, 
from  seniority,  and  in  consideration  of  meritorious  service,  he  was  pro 
moted  to  fill  the  vacant  position  of  surgeon  of  the  Fourth  Regiment. 
He  was  welcomed  by  his  command,  and  retained  their  esteem  and 
confidence  throughout  his  connection  with  them.  A  modest  and 
refined  gentleman,  a  kind,  careful  and  skillful  physician  and  surgeon, 
he  merited  the  honorable  standing  and  generous  patronage  that  he  en 
joyed,  in  an  enlightened  community,  upon  his  return  home,  after  the 
close  of  the  war. 

Dr.  Benjamin  L.  Hester,  of  North  Carolina,  was  so  long  identified 
with  the  Kentucky  troops  thas  he  has  been  regarded  as  belonging  to 
them.  His  first  duty  in  the  brigade  was  with  Cobb's  artillery,  as 
assistant  surgeon,  in  the  autumn  of  1862.  He  afterward  served  some 
time  with  the  Sixth  Regiment;  and,  on  the  promotion  of  Assistant 
Surgeon  Smith,  he  was  assigned  to  the  vacancy  in  the  Ninth  Reg 
iment,  and  continued  on  duty  with  that  command  to  the  close.  He 
was  a  brave  as  well  as  a  faithful  officer,  and  secured,  in  an  eminent 
degree,  the  confidence  and  friendship  of  those  with  whom  he  was  con 
nected. 


DR.  ALFRED  SMITH. 


DR.  PRESTON   B.  SCOTT. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  301 

In  other  departments  of  this  work  it  will  be  seen  that  mention  is 
made  of  Dr.  H.  Rutherford,  Dr.  Basil  Duke,  Dr.  J.  W.  Thompson,  and 
others  of  Kentucky,  as  also  Dr.  Brookin,  of  Texas — all  of  whom  were, 
at  some  time,  connected  with  the  various  regiments. 

How  the  medical  officers  of  the  Kentucky  Brigade  met  the  difficul 
ties  of  their  position  cannot  be  better  estimated  than  by  the  high 
position  they  occupied  in  the  general  department,  and  the  esteem  and 
confidence  that  most  of  them  inspired  throughout  their  respective  com 
mands. 

In  addition  to  those  who  did  service  with  Kentucky  troops  of  vari 
ous  arms,  Kentucky  furnished  a  number  of  educated  and  skillful  phy 
sicians  and  surgeons  to  the  soldiers  of  other  States,  who  so  acquitted 
themselves  as  to  win  reputation  and  reflect  honor  upon  their  native 
commonwealth.  Among  these  are  remembered  Dr.  Todd,  of  Lexing 
ton  (Mrs.  Abraham  Lincoln's  brother),  who  served  with  South  Caro 
linians;  Dr.  Charles  H.  Todd,  of  Shelby  County  (now  of  Owensboro), 
in  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia;  and  Dr.  Samuel  F.  Smith,  of 
Jefferson  County,  who  was  on  duty  with  the  Thirty-third  Alabama  In 
fantry  while  that  regiment  was  identified  with  other  organizations  under 
command  of  Gen.  Buckner.  When  Buckner  became  governor  (1887) 
Dr.  Smith  was  a  successful  practitioner  in  Frankfort,  and  his  old  com 
mander  evinced  his  regard  for  one  who,  as  a  young  surgeon,  had 
attracted  his  attention  and  won  the  love  and  confidence  of  his  men, 
more  than  twenty  years  before,  by  offering  him  official  position.  Dr. 
Smith  died  a  few  years  afterward  (March  i4th,  1892),  while  on  a  pro 
fessional  visit. 

DR.   PRESTON  B.  SCOTT. 

BY    MAJ.     HENRY    T.     STANTON. 

Preston  Brown  Scott,  now  a  highly  distinguished  physician  of  Louis 
ville,  is  the  oldest  son  of  Col.  Robert  Wilmot  Scott  and  Elizabeth 
Watts  (Brown)  Scott.  He  was  born  at  Frankfort,  Ky. ,  September  i2th, 
1832.  His  father  was  of  pure  Scotch  descent,  a  man  of  scholarly  at 
tainments  and  extensively  known  as  an  advanced  thinker  and  writer 
upon  agricultural  and  other  scientific  subjects.  His  mother  was  a 
granddaughter  of  Rev.  Dr.  John  Brown  and  a  great  granddaughter  of 
John  Preston,  of  Virginia,  each  family  being  of  prominence  in  that 
State.  Dr.  Preston  Brown,  his  mother's  father,  for  whom  he  was 
named,  was  a  noted  physician  of  Frankfort,  and  a  younger  brother  of 
Dr.  Samuel  Brown,  who  became  celebrated  in  his  profession  at  home 
and  abroad,  both  as  a  practitioner  and  a  scientific  thinker  and  writer. 
Hon.  John  Brown  and  Hon.  James  Brown,  (one  the  first  Senator  from 


302  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

Kentucky  and  the  other  a  Senator  from  Louisiana  from  1812  to  1824, 
when  he  resigned  to  accept  the  appointment  of  Minister  to  France), 
were  elder  brothers. 

His  father,  Robert  Wilmot  Scott,  was  born  at  Mill  Farm,  on  Elk- 
horn,  Scott  County,  Ky. ,  November  2d,  1808,  and  was  married  Octo 
ber  2oth,  1831,  at  Frankfort,  Ky. 

His  grandfather  was  Joel  Scott,  born  near  Abi.ngd.on,  Va. ,  Novem 
ber  15,  1771,  and  came  to  Kentucky  with  his  parents  in  1785.  He 
married  Rebecca  R.  Wilmot,  a  member  of  one  of  the  most  distin 
guished  families  of  Maryland  and  Virginia,  December  24,  1805.  Joel 
Scott  was  a  very  prominent  man  in  Kentucky  in  the  early  part  of  this 
century. 

His  great-grandfather  was  John  Scott,  born  in  Madison  County, 
Va.,  June  26th,  1748.  He  married  Hannah,  daughter  of  Joshua 
Earle  (or  Earley),  of  Culpeper  County,  Va. ,  October  25th,  1770. 
He  was  a  lieutenant  of  militia  at  King's  Mountain,  was  at  the  capture 
of  Cornwallis  atYorktown,  and  a  participant  in  numerous  other  engage 
ments  of  that  war.  He  came  to  Kentucky  in  1785,  and  located  on 
North  Elkhorn,  near  the  Great  Crossing,  in  which  vicinity  his  de 
scendants  have  held  large  tracts  of  fertile  land  since. 

His  great-great-grandfather  was  Thomas  Scott,  who  came  with  his 
family  from  England  to  the  colony  of  Virginia,  and  settled  in  Cul 
peper  County, — a  part  of  which  was  afterward  Madison  County — 
,in  the  early  part  of  the  eighteenth  century,  about  1715.  His  wife  was 
a  Miss  Coleman. 

His  great-great-great-grandfather  was  John  Scott,  born  in  England, 
and  the  immigrant  ancestor  of  the  Scott  family  in  this  country.  He 
settled  with  his  son,  Thomas,  in  the  same  part  of  Virginia,  and,  it  is 
supposed,  died  soon  after,  but  there  is  no  record  of  the  date. 

In  this  connection  it  may  be  mentioned  that  in  his  will  he  left  a 
cane,  or  staff,  which  he  had  used,  to  be  handed  down  to  the  succeed 
ing  John  Scotts,  and  that  it  is  now  in  the  possession  of  a  great-great- 
great-great-great-grandson  now  living  on  Elkhorn,  in  Franklin  County. 

The  great-grandfather,  four  times  removed,  or  the  fifth  great-grand 
father,  was  Thomas  Scott,  born  in  Scotland  and  an  immigrant  to  Eng 
land  about  1620.  His  father,  the  most  remote  European  ancestor  of 
which  there  is  any  record,  was  born  and  died  in  Scotland,  but  his 
Christian  name  has  not  been  preserved. 

The  genealogy  of  the  family  has  been  fairly  well  kept  and  shows  a 
long  line  of  distinguished  and  honorable  ancestry. 

On  both  the  paternal  and  maternal  lines,  Preston  Brown  Scott  has 
exceptionally  marked  antecedents.  The  Scotts,  Browns,  Prestons, 
Wilmots,  Earleys  and  Colemans  are  all  families  conspicuous  in  Amerr 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  303 

can  history.  Their  relationship  is  very  numerous,  extending  into 
many  families  throughout  the  South — notably,  the  Dorseys,  of  Mary 
land,  and  Marshalls,  of  Virginia. 

Preston  Brown  Scott,  though  born  at  the  residence  of  his  grand 
father,  Joel  Scott,  in  the  city  of  Frankfort,  was  raised  at  Locust 
Hill  farm,  his  father's  place,  about  five  miles  from  that  city.  His 
early  childhood  was  passed  there  and  the  primary  steps  in  his  educa 
tion  taken  under  private  tuition.  His  father,  Col.  Robert  Scott,  was 
the  first  school  commissioner  appointed  under  the  common  school  sys 
tem,  and  erected  upon  his  own  land,  within  a  short  distance  of  his 
residence,  the  first  public  school  building  in  the  State.  This  occurred 
in  1841,  when  Preston  Brown  Scott  was  nine  years  of  age,  and  he  was 
the  first  pupil  registered  in  that  institution.  Here  he  continued  until 
about  the  age  of  fifteen,  when,  under  the  private  tuition  of  Rev. 
James  Eales,  he  was  prepared  for  college.  At  seventeen  he  entered 
the  junior  class  at  Georgetown  College,  whence  he  graduated  with 
the  first  honors  of  his  class.  Following  this,  he  took  the  course  at  the 
University  of  Tennessee,  where  he  also  graduated  with  distinction. 
In  1853  he  returned  to  Georgetown  and  received  his  Master's  Degree. 

His  inclination  to  the  science  of  medicine  and  surgery  was  mani 
fested  strongly  at  the  close  of  his  general  scholastic  studies,  and  in 
October,  1854,  with  a  view  to  devoting  his  life  to  the  profession  of 
medicine,  he  entered  as  a  student  in  the  office  of  the  renowned  Dr. 
Lewis  Rogers,  and  under  his  guidance,  was  graduated  in  the  medical 
department  of  the  University  of  Louisville  in  the  spring  of  1856;  and 
the  following  year  he  served  as  one  of  the  resident  physicians  at  the 
Louisville  City  Hospital.  After  this  experience  in  theory  and  prac 
tice,  he  went  to  Hickman  County,  Kentucky,  and  began  the  private 
•w-ork  of  his  profession,  but  finding  a  better  field  in  Bolivar  County, 
Mississippi,  he  went  there  and  was  soon  engaged  in  a  large  and  lucra 
tive  practice  for  one  of  his  years  and  limited  experience.  The  way  to 
success  was  fairly  opened  to  him,  for  he  had  gained  the  respect  and  con 
fidence  of  the  people  of  that  locality,  and  might  have  remained  to  build 
his  fortune  there  but  for  the  inauguration  of  the  civil  war  and  the  sud 
denly  imposed  duty  to  take  part  in  it  for  the  defense  of  his  section. 
He  responded  promptly  to  the  first  call,  entering  the  Confederate  ser 
vice  April  2oth,  1 86 1.  He  was  afterward  appointed  surgeon  of  the 
famous  Fourth  Kentucky  Regiment  of  Infantry,  then  commanded  by 
Col.  Robert  P.  Trabue.  In  this  position  he  served  but  a  short  time 
when  he  was  promoted  to  brigade  surgeon  on  the  staff  of  Gen.  Ben 
Hardin  Helm.  From  this  he  advanced  rapidly.  At  the  battle  of 
Jackson,  Mississippi,  he  was  made  Medical  Director  on  the  staff  of 
Gen.  Joseph  E.  Johnston,  serving  there  until  assigned  to  duty  as  Medi- 


304  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

cal  Director  on  the  staff  of  Lieut. -Gen.  Leonidas  Polk.  Following  the 
death  of  this  distinguished  commander,  he  was  placed  in  charge  pf  all 
the  military  hospitals  of  Mississippi  and  Alabama,  in  which  position 
he  continued  to  act  until  the  close  of  the  war,  serving  as  Chief  Medi 
cal  Officer  under  Generals  Stephen  D.  Lee,  Dabney  H.  Maury  and 
Richard  Taylor. 

In  this  service  his  experience  in  both  medicine  and  surgery  was 
largely  augmented.  He  had  dealt  with  the  ills  and  misfortunes  of 
thousands,  and  had  put  in  practice  almost  every  theory  upon  which 
his  education  had  been  founded.  He  had  served  as  surgeon  upon 
many  sanguine  battlefields  and  as  surgeon  and  medical  director 
through  all  the  contagious  and  other  diseases  that  pervaded  the  numer 
ous  hospitals  in  the  wide  territory  over  which  he  had  supervision. 

Returning  to  Kentucky  at  trie  close  of  the  war,  in  the  summer  of 
1865,  he  entered  the  general  practice  and  in  a  very  little  time,  was 
fairly  on  the  way  to  the  head  of  his  profession. 

His  success  has  been  somewhat  phenomenal.  Quiet  and  unostenta 
tious  in  his  contact  with  men,  he  has  gone  steadily  forward  by  moral 
and  intellectual  force  and  the  natural  impetus  of  genius.  In  love  with 
his  profession  from  the  start — profoundly  impressed  with  its  importance 
to  humanity  and  the  great  responsibility  which  it  involved— he  has 
never  ceased  to  be  a  student,  and  has  kept  fairly  abreast  with  modern 
scientific  discovery  in  all  branches  of  his  business.  Outside  of  his 
private  practice,  which  grew  from  the  start  and  which  has  known  no 
abatement  in  the  years  intervening  since  the  war,  he  has  devoted 
much  time  and  attention  to  public  enterprises  and  charitable  work. 
Among  the  numerous  positions  held  by  him  may  be  noted  the  follow 
ing : 

In  1870,  physician  in  charge  of  the  Episcopal  Orphan  Asylum;  in 
1871,  physician  to  the  Masonic  Widows'  and  Orphans'  Home,  a  posi 
tion  he  still  holds;  in  1872,  physician  to  the  Young  Women's  Home; 
in  1 88 1,  president  of  the  Academy  of  Medicine  and  Surgery  in  the 
Polytechnic  Society  of  Kentucky;  in  1882,  reflected  to  the  same 
office;  in  1886,  elected  president  of  the  Louisville  Medical  Society. 

In  all  of  these,  and  in  other  societies,  he  has  been  an  important 
factor,  taking  great  interest  in  social  progress  and  the  amelioration  of 
the  condition  of  the  poor.  He  has  shown  unwavering  courtesy  to  all 
the  membership  of  his  profession  and  has  done  his  utmost  to  advance 
the  means  of  education.  His  manifest  desire  is  to  promote  professional 
skill  and  encourage  the  ambition  of  younger  men. 

Dr.  Scott  has  never  manifested  any  of  the  lower  instincts  of  the 
mere  money-maker.  His  situation  in  life,  though  easy  and  comfort 
able  enough,  has  come  naturally  of  his  labor,  but  where  he  has  saved 


DR.  JOHN   ORLANDO  SCOTT 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  305 

hundreds,  he  has  given  away  thousands.  He  inherits  the  liberal  and 
hospitable  spirit  of  a  splendid  ancestry  that  has  always  given  to  the 
world  more  than  it  has  received.  He  has  never  taken  part  in  the 
jealousies  and  rivalries  that  too  often  appear  in  all  professions,  but  he 
has  accorded  to  all  practitioners,  of  whatever  schools,  the  merit  that 
their  characters  and  their  energies  deserved.  He  has  tried  to  promote 
amity  and  unity  among  his  colleagues,  and  in  consequence  holds  the 
respect  and  confidence  of  all. 

In  1854  he  was  confirmed  as  a  member  of  the  Episcopal  Church, 
and  has  remained  with  it  in  full  sympathy  and  contributing  to  its  sup 
port  ever  since.  Although  only  a  layman  he  has  done  much  to  pro 
mote  the  progress  and  the  general  cause  of  Christianity — the  example 
of  his  own  acts,  his  amiable  and  thoroughly  moral  life  having  no  little 
influence  to  that  end. 

In  November,  1862,  soon  after  the  close  of  the  war,  he  married 
Jane  E.  Campbell,  daughter  of  Jno.  D.  Campbell,  a  prominent  citizen 
and  a  retired  banker  of  Jackson,  Tennessee.  From  this  alliance  has 
resulted  three  children — Campbell,  Jeanie  Porter  and  Rumsey  Wing 
Scott — all  of  whom  are  living. 

Such  is  an  epitome  of  the  life  of  a  brave,  honorable  and  efficient 
Confederate  soldier — a  man  who  did  his  duty  in  both  the  humble  and 
higher  spheres,  who  had  behind  him  antecedents  of  the  American  Rev 
olution,  and  who  gave  the  same  patriotic  spirit  to  the  modern  effort  at 
a  revolution  that  failed. 

From  the  after  acts  and  builded  characters  of  such  men  alone  can  be 
derived  a  clear  idea  of  the  material  upon  which  the  South  based  her 
hopes  of  success.  The  basis  of  history  can  be  reached  only  through 
the  incidents  of  biography.  The  Confederate  soldier,  having  no  pen 
sion,  no  moral  or  material  support  from  the  victorious  government 
against  whose  sectional  discrimination  he  deemed  it  right  to  oppose  his 
strength,  has  had  to  make  his  own  way  and  carve  out  his  own  fortune, 
and  nobly  has  it  been  done  in  the  case  of  Preston  Brown  Scott. 

DR.  JOHN  O.  SCOTT. 

John  Orlando  Scott,  a  son  of  Col.  Robert  Wilmot  Scott  and  Eliza 
beth  Watts  (Brown)  Scott,  was  born  in  Frankfort,  Ky. ,  in  1837.  (He 
is  a  brother  to  Dr.  Preston  B.  Scott,  in  the  sketch  of  whom,  on  pre 
ceding  pages,  will  be  found  a  sufficiently  detailed  and  very  interesting 
account  of  the  families  of  both  parents.) 

He  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  his  native  city  and  county,  and 
at  Center  College,  Danville,  Ky.  Choosing  the  profession  of  medi 
cine,  he  entered  the  University  of  Louisville,  in  1858,  in  which  famous 
20 


306  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

school  he  graduated  in  February,  1862.  He  passed  through  the  lines 
southward  very  soon  after  Gen.  Sidney  Johnston's  withdrawal  from 
the  State,  and  was  at  once  placed  on  duty  with  Byrne's  Battery.  The 
battle  of  Shiloh  occurred  in  a  short  time,  and  here  he  began  an  active 
professional  career  in  the  hard  school  of  military  experience,  deporting 
himself  under  all  circumstances  as  a  skillful,  painstaking  surgeon,  and 
a  man  whose  kind  and  courageous  heart  inclined  him  to  be  prompt  in 
rendering  assistance  to  the  wounded,  whether  at  extemporized  hos 
pitals  on  the  field  or  under  the  guns  of  the  enemy  where  they  fell. 
AVhile  engaged  at  a  point  somewhat  in  rear  of  the  line  of  battle,  he 
learned  that  there  was  need  of  surgical  care  on  the  ground  where  his 
battery  was  in  action,  and  thither  he  went  under  heavy  fire  and  com 
posedly  took  up  the  work.  In  a  letter  to  Gen.  Breckinridge,  Capt. 
Byrne  complimented  him  for  his  gallantry  and  for  the  essential  service 
he  rendered  his  wounded. 

Shortly  after  this  battle  he  was  transferred  to  the  Third  Kentucky 
Infantry;  subsequently  to  Cobb's  Battery;  next,  (October,  1862),  he 
was  assigned  to  the  Second  Kentucky  Infantry,  and,  (November  27, 
1862,)  was  commissioned  its  assistant  surgeon. 

At  the  battle  of  Hartsville,  December  7,  1862,  he  rode  with  Maj. 
Moss  to  the  attack;  but  when  Cobb's  caisson  blew  up,  there  was  imme 
diate  necessity  for  surgical  work,  and  he  at  once  devoted  himself  to 
that.  When  the  conflict  ceased,  and  the  forces  of  Hanson  and  Mor 
gan  re-crossed  the  river,  he  was  the  only  Confederate  surgeon  left  to 
care  for  the  wounded.  Mrs.  Halliburton,  a  noble  woman,  whose  com 
modious  and  well-furnished  residence  stood  within  a  hundred  yards  of 
the  eminence  on  which  the  Federals  were  attacked,  unhesitatingly  and 
in  the  excitement  of  battle,  when  she  saw  the  need  of  the  fallen,  friend 
and  foe,  for  shelter  and  care,  tendered  to  the  surgeons  the  use  of  her 
mansion,  all  her  bed  linen  and  whatever  else  she  had  at  her  disposal. 
Impressing  a  wagon  and  team,  he  soon  had  nearly  all  the  wounded 
conveyed  to  Mrs.  Halliburton's,  where  he  gave  himself  sedulously  to 
their  relief,  to  which  the  excellent  lady  contributed  in  every  practica 
ble  way,  and  in  which  Gen.  Harlan,  coining  upon  the  field  soon  after, 
with  a  view  to  reenforcing  Col.  Moore,  joined  them  and  exerted  him 
self  like  a  soldier  and  a  gentleman.  (See  Incidents  and  Anecdotes 
elsewhere). 

At  Stone  River,  he  was  with  his  men  during  the  whole  of  that  try 
ing  week,  and  more  than  once  displayed  conspicuous  gallantry.  When 
Gen.  Hanson  fell,  he  went  to  him,  under  fire,  and  accompanied  him 
in  the  ambulance  some  distance,  laboring  to  stay  the  flow  of  blood 
which  threatened  speedy  death,  and  he  desisted  only  when  the  general 
bethought  himself  of  his  suffering  men  on  the  field,  and,  trusting  him- 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  P.RIGADE.  307 

self  to  his  adjutant-general,  asked  the  young  surgeon  to  go  back  and 
help  them.  , 

After  Bragg  had  retired  to  Tullahoma,  Dr.  Scott's  health  so  failed 
that  he  was  unfitted  for  active  field  work,  and  he  was  assigned  to  hos 
pital  duty  at  Marion,  Ala.,  where  he  remained  until  he  was  promoted 
to  full  surgeon,  January  ist,  1864,  and  assigned  to  the  Seventh  Ken 
tucky  Mounted  Infantry,  whose  fortunes  he  followed  for  the  remainder 
of  the  war,  and  where  he  was  the  same  efficient  and  popular  officer  as 
when  connected  with  the  Orphan  Brigade.  After  the  war  closed  he 
spent  nearly  a  year  visiting  prominent  hospitals  in  Europe,  with  a 
view  to  still  further  enlargement  of  his  knowledge  of  both  medicine 
and  surgery;  then,  in  1886,  he  located  in  Ovvensboro,  where  he  prac 
ticed  eight  years.  In  1874,  he  settled  in  Sherman,  Tex.,  where  he 
has  been  inactive  and  successful  practice  ever  since. 

In  1865  he  was  married  to  Miss  Ellen  Mellvin,  a  cultured  and  re 
fined  lady,  whose  acquaintance  he  had  made  at  her  home  in  Marion, 
Ala.,  while  he  was  on  duty  there;  and  they  have  reared  and  liberally 
educated  three  sons  and  a  daughter,  to  perpetuate  in  Texas  a  name 
which  has  been  honored  in  Kentucky  from  pioneer  to  present  days. 

With  a  frank  and  manly  bearing,  being  uniformly  courteous  and 
kind,  and  courageous  withal,  as  became  his  blood  and  lineage,  he  won 
a  place  (which  he  still  holds)  in  the  minds  of  the  many  gallant  men 
with  whom  he  was  associated  and  to  whom  he  rendered  assistance  in 
times  of  danger  and  suffering. 

Believing  in  his  fellow-Kentuckians  then,  and  true  to  them  now,  he 
uses  such  leisure  as  his  profession  allows  him  to  study  not  only  their 
deeds,  but  those  of  their  fellow-soldiers  from  other  States,  and  to  speak 
for  them  on  occasion,  that  their  names  may  live  in  the  memories  of 
men  as  vividly  and  as  profoundly  honored  as  though  at  the  end  of  the 
war  their  banner  had  waved  in  triumph  over  a  government  whose  ex 
istence  and  whose  powers  were  ' '  derived  from  the  consent  of  the 
governed." 

His  public  addresses,  while  breathing  naught  unbecoming  to  a  citi 
zen  of  the  government  to  which  he  owes  allegiance,  bear  testimony  to 
his  unabated  loyalty  to  his  comrades,  dead  and  living,  and  to  an  ad 
miration  which  arises  spontaneously  when  he  contemplates  with  what 
constancy  and  heroism  they  struggled  against  odds,  and  bore,  with 
more  than  Roman  fortitude,  hunger,  cold,  imprisonment,  wounds, 
suffering  unto  death,  and  the  ultimate  calamity  of  defeat.  His  tribute 
to  "  Albert  Sidney  Johnston  and  his  men  at  Shiloh,"  delivered  July 
2ist,  1894,  at  the  reunion  of  Camp  Mildred  Lee,  United  Confederate 
Veterans,  and  the  Eulogy  on  Hood's  Brigade  of  Texans,  August  29th, 
»  proclaim  the  soldier  and  the  man. 


308  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

DR.  R.  R.  STEVENSON. 

At  the  outbreak  of  the  war,  Dr.  Stevenson  was  practicing  his  profes 
sion  in  Anderson  County,  Kentucky.  In  hearty  sympathy  with  the 
Southern  cause  from  the  first,  he  left  a  lucrative  practice  when  the 
Kentucky  troops  were  organizing  in  1861  and  offered  his  services  as 
surgeon.  Pending  action  on  a  recommendation  to  the  Richmond  au 
thorities  that  he  be  put  in  commission,  he  belonged  nominally  to  the 
Sixth  Kentucky  Infantry,  and  when  (December  i8th,  1861),  he  was 
commissioned  assistant  surgeon  he  was  assigned  to  that  regiment. 
Serving  it  faithfully  with  this  rank  for  a  year,  he  was  promoted  to  sur 
geon,  (December,  1862).  He  continued  to  do  field  duty  till  January, 
1864,  when  he  was  assigned  to  duty  in  the  Anderson ville  prison. 

The  following  sketch  of  his  career  there  and  subsequently  is  from 
the  pen  of  Dr.  James  B.  Read,  a  prominent  physician  of  Sherman, 
Texas:  "Dr.  Richard  Randolph  Stevenson  was  my  warm  personal 
friend  and  for  five  years  my  preceptor  in  medicine.  I  first  knew  him  early 
in  1864,  when  he  was  surgeon  of  the  Sixth  Kentucky  Infantry.  He  was 
sent  shortly  afterward  to  Andersonville,  Ga.,  for  duty  in  the  prison  hos 
pitals,  where  he  did  a  great  deal  toward  ameliorating  the  sufferings  of 
the  Federals  confined  there.  He  also  kept  a  record  of  all  deaths,  and 
had  the  graves  of  prisoners  marked  with  a  number  corresponding  to 
the  number  of  each  one's  name  on  the  hospital  register  in  which  it  was 
enrolled,  his  company,  regiment,  etc.,  so  that  the  United  States  Gov 
ernment  was  enabled  to  identify  the  grave  of  every  prisoner  (about 
13,000),  that  died  at  Andersonville. 

"  For  this  service  the  only  recognition  he  ever  received  from  the 
Federal  Government  was  an  indictment  for  murdering  prisoners,  in 
connection  with  Jefferson  Davis,  John  C.Breckinridge,  Henry  Wirz,  and 
others.  He  left  Newburn,  N.  C. ,  as  soon  as  the  fact  that  he  had  been  in 
dicted  was  announced,  and  in  disguise  passed  through  Washington, 
Philadelphia,  New  York,  Boston,  and  Portland,  and  thence  by  steamer 
to  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia,  where  he  was  hospitably  received  by  the 
medical  men.  A  grand  dinner  was  given  in  his  honor  at  the  Halifax 
hotel.  He  left  his  family  at  High  Point,  N.  C.,  till  he  secured  a  home 
for  them  in  Upper  Stewiacke,  Colchester  County,  Nova  Scotia.  He 
remained  in  Nova  Scotia  about  ten  years  and  continued  the  practice  of 
his  profession,  establishing  a  reputation  as  a  skillful  physician  and  sur 
geon  throughout  the  province.  In  1875  ne  rnoved  to  Worsham,  Vir 
ginia,  and  thence  to  Farmville  and  probably  to  some  other  location  in 
the  same  section.  It  was  while  in  Virginia  that  his  second  wife  died, 
and  soon  afterward  he  returned  to  Nova  Scotia,  where  he  married  his 
third  wife,  and  where  a  few  years  later  he  died. 


DR.   R.   R.  STEVENSON. 


DR.   HUGH   G.  SMITH. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  309 

"  It  was  my  good  fortune  to  know  intimately  Dr.  Stevenson.  He 
married  my  cousin,  Miss  Frances  Ilsley,  in  1864,  to  whom  was  born 
five  children — all  of  whom  except  the  oldest  (Frank)  are  still  living. 
He  was  a  gentleman  of  the  old  school — brave,  generous,  hospitable, 
true  to  his  friends  and  magnanimous  to  his  foes. 

"  But  what  should  be  remembered  by  every  ex-Confederate  and 
every  Southern  man,  woman  and  child,  is  the  fact  that  he  used  his  pen 
in  vindication  of  the  South  in  reference  to  the  treatment  and  exchange 
of  prisoners.  He  was  the  author  of  a  book  entitled  '  The  Southern 
Side,  or  Andersonville  Prison,'  published  in  1876.  In  this  book  he 
gives  a  full  account  of  the  Wirz  trial  and  a  great  deal  of  valuable  in 
formation  in  regard  to  the  mortality  in  Northern  and  Southern  prisons, 
exchange  of  prisoners,  etc.  I  have  been  told  that  the  Federal  authori 
ties  bought  up  or  destroyed  all  that  could  be  procured." 

DR.  HUGH  G.  SMITH. 

On  the  return  of  the  Second  Kentucky  from  prison,  (September, 
1862),  Dr.  Hugh  G.  Smith,  of  Owen  County,  was  appointed  to  the  sur 
geoncy  left  vacant  by  the  transfer  of  Dr.  Steele. 

He  was  a  graduate  of  Jefferson  Medical  College,  Philadelphia,  hav 
ing  obtained  both  his  general  and  professional  education  by  his  own 
exertions  and  under  the  most  adverse  circumstances. 

He  served  during  the  war  with  Mexico,  1847-48,  as  a  private  in  the 
Third  Regiment  Kentucky  Volunteers. 

In  the  Confederate  service  he  was  a  brave  and  faithful  officer,  unre 
mitting  in  attention  to  his  duties  and  having  the  confidence  and  esteem 
of  the  men  under  his  charge.  A  skillful  surgeon  and  a  ripe  prac 
titioner  of  medicine,  his  services  were  of  great  value  to  his  command. 
He  shared  in  all  its  trials  and  vicissitudes  after  his  assignment,  and 
surrendered  with  it  at  the  last.  He  was  an  outspoken",  unaffected,  un 
pretentious  and  candid  gentleman,  but  warm  hearted  and  of  generous 
impulses.  After  an  honorable  career  in  the  army  he  returned  to 
Owenton  and  practiced  there  ten  years.  In  November,  1875,  ^e  re~ 
moved  with  his  family  to  Texas,  where  he  remained  till  December, 
1888,  when  he  came  back  to  Owenton,  where  he  is  still  actively  en 
gaged  in  professional  work  (1897). 

DR.  THOMAS  L.  NEWBERRY. 

Dr.  Newberry,  the  successor  of  Dr.  Vertrees  as  assistant  surgeon  of 
the  Sixth  Regiment,  was  born  near  Slick  Rock,  Metcalfe  County,  Ky., 
July  nth,  1833.  His  boyhood  was  spent  on  his  father's  farm,  with 
meagre  educational  advantages;  but  by  application  to  books  and  by 


310  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

his  own  efforts  to  meet  the  expenses  of  schools  he  educated  himself  in 
the  ordinary  branches,  and  took  also  the  college  course  necessary  to 
fit  him  for  entering  upon  the  practice  of  medicine  and  surgery. 

He  had  located  at  Hiseville,  and  made  an  excellent  beginning  in 
his  chosen  profession  before  the  war  began.  Then  he  earnestly  and 
zealously  espoused  the  cause  of  the  Confederacy.  He  enlisted  as  a 
private  of  Co.  F,  Sixth  Regiment,  but  was,  almost  immediately  after 
the  organization  of  the  company,  given  charge  of  a  number  of  the  sick 
of  his  regiment,  who  had  been  placed  for  attention  at  the  houses  of 
John  Gorin  and  others,  on  Jennings'  Creek,  below  Bowling  Green. 
He  here  won  the  entire  confidence  of  officers  and  men  who  had  hith 
erto  been  strangers  to  him,  and  was  thereafter  almost  constantly  en 
gaged  in  the  medical  department.  His  fidelity  and  patient  attention, 
his- uniform  courtesy  and  kindness  in  this  capacity,  won,  in  a  singular 
degree,  the  warm  approval  of  all  with  whom  he  was  associated.  Though 
advanced  only  one  course  of  lectures,  yet,  by  hard  study  and  careful 
observation,  he  was  enabled  to  fill  with  honor  and  success  his  respon 
sible  station. 

During  the  battle  of  Shiloh  he  was  exposed  both  days  to  the  fire  of 
the  enemy,  assisting  the  wounded,  either  on  or  near  'the  line  where 
they  fell,  and  directing  their  removal,  and  discharged  his  trust  with 
conspicuous  courage  as  well  as'  skill.  At  Stone  River,  he  remained 
on  the  field  four  days,  at  the  end  of  which  time  he  was  relieved,  and 
ordered  to  report  for  duty  in  Dr.  Scott's  hospital,  in  town.  This  was 
the  only  time  during  the  war  in  which  he  was  in  field  hospital  during 
an  engagement — being  generally  at  the  front,  as  was  the  case  at  Shiloh. 
He  was  present  on  every  battlefield  of  his  command — sometimes  in 
the  trenches  with  it — prepared  to  render  surgical  assistance.  Three 
different  times,  even  before  he  had  been  promoted,  he  served  in  hos 
pital,  after  engagements  were  over,  as  assistant  surgeon,  in  charge  of 
brigade  sick  and  wounded. 

At  the  close  of  the  war  he  bore  with  him  to  his  home  the  esteem  of 
his  fellow-soldiers,  and  a  studious-experience  qualification  to  introduce 
him  to  an  honorable  practice  of  his  profession.  He  completed  his 
course  of  lectures,  and  graduated  at  the  Jefferson  Medical  College, 
Philadelphia,  in  the  winter  of  1865-6,  and,  returning  to  Hiseville,  re- 
entered  upon  a  professional  career,  under  auspices  rendered  as  favor 
able  as  any  young  physician  ever  enjoyed,  by  his  own  previous  manly 
struggle  to  overcome  difficulties  and  achieve  distinction  in  the  paths 
of  usefulness,  and  by  a  moral  and  Christian  character  wholly  above  re 
proach. 

He  soon  built  up  a  large  and  lucrative  practice,  and  became  recog 
nized  as  one  of  the  most  skillful  surgeons  in  the  State.  He  has  prob- 


DR.  THOMAS   L.   XEWBERRV. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN   BRIGADE.  311 

ably  done  more  successful  work  of  that  kind  than  any  other  practitioner 
in  that  region  of  country.  Uniformly  a  close  student,  he  keeps  abreast 
of  the  times  in  all  that  relates  to  his  calling;  has  acquired  a  valuable 
estate;  has  rejected  opportunities  for  political  preferment  that  he  might 
the  better  devote  himself  to  his  profession  and  the  immediate  care  of 
his  family;  and  reared  and  educated  four  children,  the  oversight  and 
education  of  whom  have  for  about  twelve  years  devolved  wholly  upon 
him,  his  wife  having  died  in  1886. 

He  became  a  member  of  the  Baptist  Church  when  a  very  young 
man,  and  has  led  a  thoroughly  consistent  Christian  life.  He  was  ad 
mitted  to  membership  in  the  Graniteville  (S.  C.)  Lodge,  A.  F.  and  A. 
M.,  in  1865,  while  a  detachment  of  the  Kentucky  Brigade  was 
stationed  there,  and  has  for  twenty-one  years  been  a  working  Mason 
in  his  home  lodge. 


312  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 


CHAPTER  XVII. 

CONFEDERATE    WOMEN    OF    KENTUCKY,    WITH     PORTRAITS. 

In  the  quieter  walks  of  life,  while  nothing  comes  within  the  sphere 
of  woman  to  call  forth  an  exhibition  of  her  heroism,  and  an  assertion 
of  the  influence  which  she  is  capable  of  wielding,  we  are  apt  to  lose 
sight  of  her  as  the  arbiter  of  the  destinies  of  men.  We  forget  that  she 
is  concerned  in  the  more  momentous  events  of  life,  and  that  she  has 
modified  the  history  of  every  civilized  people ;  that,  in  times  of  great 
public  calamity,  she  has  displayed  a  courage,  a  fortitude,  a  steadiness 
of  devotion  which,  in  their  appropriate  field  of  manifestation,  put  to 
shame  the  boasted  prowess  and  achievements  of  man.  It  is  an  old 
story  that  "  woman  was  last  at  the  cross  and  first  at  the  tomb"  of  the 
Crucified;  that,  when  friends  failed  and  enemies  deemed  that  they  had 
triumphed — when  even  the  apostles,  who,  in  the  character  of  com 
panions  and  pupils,  had  witnessed  His  wonderful  career,  were  scattered 
and  brooding  in  despair — she  remained  steadfast,  and  could  not  be 
frightened  away;  and,  even  after  death,  the  sepulcher  was  sought  that 
she  might  pay  a  last  tribute  to  the  departed. 

Profane  history  glows  with  examples  that  need  not  be  cited.  The 
mothers  of  Sparta  and  of  Rome  became  synonymous  with  feminine 
patriotism,  that  would  sacrifice  whatever  should  be  necessary  to  the 
public  good  without  a  murmur.  The  wives,  and  mothers,  and  daugh 
ters  of  America,  during  the  dark  period  of  the  Revolution,  won  im 
mortal  honors.  So,  when  the  South  assumed  a  defensive  position  in 
1 86 1,  and  the  clouds  of  war  began  to  gather,  woman  stepped  forth, 
not  in  Amazonian  armor,  nor  for  immodest  display  of  herself  in  coun 
cil,  but  to  grace  the  cause  with  her  smiles,  to  warm  the  hearts  of  her 
defenders  by  a  manifestation  of  her  interest,  to  fire  them  with  the 
thought  that  she  would  sustain  and  strengthen  them  in  the  contest — 
that  she  would  honor  them,  love  them,  labor  for  them,  sacrifice  ease 
and  wealth,  and  take  upon  herself  toil  and  hardship,  danger  and  desti 
tution — that  they  might  go  forth  to  battle  as  under  her  eye,  and  feel 
that  she  would  glory  in  their  gallant  deeds.  She  appeared  upon  the 
scene  not  only  as  an  anxious  sympathizer  with  her  warrior  country 
men,  but  as  a  ministering  angel.  She  came  forward  not  only  with  en 
couraging  smiles  and  words  of  cheer,  but  held  forth  her  hand  with  the 
assurance  that  she  would  contribute  her  quota  of  strength  to  the  work 


MRS.  BEN   HARDIN   HELM. 

The  (present)   "  Mother  of  the  Brigade. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  313 

— that  she  would  supply  the  wants  of  the  needy  and  minister  to  the 
relief  of  the  suffering — that  she  would  clothe,  and  feed,  and  soothe 
the  sorrow  and  pain  of  those  whom  the  fortunes  of  war  might  consign 
to  her  tenderness  and  care.  How  she  fulfilled  her  mission  has  been  a 
matter  of  wonder  and  praise  since  South  Carolina  threw  her  sword 
in  the  scale. 

The  history  of  nations  can  produce  no  parallel  to  the  wonderful  ex 
ertions  and  endurance,  the  steadfast  courage,  the  undying  faith  of  the 
women  of  the  South.  Their  fathers,  husbands,  sons  and  brothers  were 
soon  falling  upon  many  a  field  ;  but  they  quenched  their  tears,  stifled 
the  manifestation  of  grief,  and  sent  others  to  fill  their  places.  Servants 
fled,  and  property  was  destroyed — then  they  labored  for  their  daily 
bread,  and  still  hallowed  the  cause  in  their  hearts  and  prayed  for  its 
success.  In  all  her  afflictions,  her  courage  never  quailed;  the  treas 
ures  of  her  heart  she  gave  up  as  Cornelia  gave  up  her  jewels;  and  her 
resignation  to  the  will  of  heaven  was  like  that  of  the  holy  Uzzite.  Even 
the  vilest  wretch  of  history,  who  fled  from  his  people  when  they  had 
arms  in  their  hands,  and  came  back  to  insult  and  oppress  them  after  the 
Northern  armies  had  overpowered  them,  was  struck  with  their  conduct, 
and  said  of  them,  on  one  occasion,  in  a  speech  in  New  York: 

"I  bear  testimony  of  my  own  knowledge  to  the  influence  of,  and 
the  indomitable  courage  of,  the  ladies  of  the  Southern  Confederacy. 
The  most  wealthy,  the  best  educated,  the  most  refined  among  them 
have  planted  themselves  in  their  doors  and  piazzas,  and  have  run  their 
husbands,  sons,  nephews,  uncles  and  brothers  out  into  the  army. 
'Go,  volunteer  and  fight,  or  I  will  disown  you  forever!'  When  the 
Yankees  meet  them  and  they  fall,  the  Southern  women  complacently 
fold  their  arms  and  thank  God  that  they  die  in  a  good  and  glorious 
cause,  fighting  for  the  independence  of  the  South." 

Through  all  the  vicissitudes  of  war  they  never  despaired ;  but,  with 
a  firm  faith  in  the  righteousness  of  their  cause,  encouraged  resistance, 
and  labored  with  indefatigable  though  sorrowful  hearts.  In  the  spring 
of  1864,  when  it  could  almost  have  been  said  of  the  Confederacy  as 
of  Egypt  when  the  angel  slew  the  first  born,  "there  was  not  a  house 
where  there  was  not  one  dead,"  the  following  circular  letter  was  pub 
lished  for  distribution  in  the  army,  and  signed  by  a  hundred  noble 
names  : 

"SOLDIERS:  The  President,  Congress,  the  public  press,  and  your 
Generals  have  told  you  their  high  estimate  of  your  noble  devotion  in 
RE-ENLISTING  for  the  war.  We  also,  as  your  mothers,  wives,  daugh 
ters,  sisters,  and  friends,  claim  the  right  to  thank  you.  It  is  the 
GRANDEST  ACT  OF  THE  REVOLUTION,  and  secures  immortality  to  all 
concerned  in  it.  It  awakens  anew  the  enthusiasm  with  which  we  be- 


3J4  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

gan  this  struggle  for  Liberty,  and  removes  all  doubt  of  its  eventual 
success.  Such  men,  in  such  a  cause,  can  not  be  overcome.  In  the 
dreariness  of  camp  life,  you  may  sometimes  have  imagined  yourselves 
forgotten  or  little  cared  for.  Counting  up  your  privations  and  dan 
gers,  you  may  have  doubted  their  full  appreciation,  and  fancied  that 
those  who  stay  at  home  and  risk  nothing,  while  you  suffer  and  bleed, 
are  more  esteemed  than  yourselves.  We  beseech  you,  harbor  no  such 
thought.  You  are  constantly  present  to  our  minds.  The  women  of 
the  South  bestow  all  their  respect  and  affection  on  the  heroes  who 
defend  them  against  a  barbarous  and  cruel  foe.  In  the  resolution  to 
aid  you,  they  are  as  firm  and  determined  as  you  in  yours  not  to  lay 
down  your  arms  till  independence  be  won.  When  that  sacred  vow 
shall  have  been  accomplished,  your  reception  by  us  will  more  than 
attest  our  sincerity.  It  shall  be  shown,  while  the  contest  goes  on,  by 
our  efforts  to  increase  your  comforts  in  the  field,  and  to  lighten  the 
burdens  of  the  dear  ones  left  at  home.  For  your  stricken  country's 
sake  and  ours,  be  true  to  yourselves  and  our  glorious  cause.  Never 
turn  your  backs  on  the  flag,  nor  desert  the  ranks  of  honor  or  the  post 
of  danger.  Men  guilty  of  such  infamy  sell  your  blood  and  our  honor,, 
and  give  up  the  Confederacy  to  its  wicked  invaders.  In  after  years, 
from  generation  to  generation,  the  black  title  of  Tory  and  deserter  will 
cling  to  them,  disgracing  their  children's  children.  But  no  stigma  like 
this  will  stain  you  and  yours.  Brave,  patriotic,  and  self-sacrificing  in 
time  of  war,  you  will  be  honored  in  peace  as  the  saviors  of  your  coun 
try,  and  the  pride  and  glory  of  your  country-women.  We  beg  you  to 
keep  near  your  hearts  these  memorials  of  affection  and  respect,  and  to 
remember  them,  especially  in  battle,  and  we  invoke  for  you  always 
the  protection  of  a  kind  and  merciful  Providence." 

Nowhere  was  this  spirit  more  strongly  manifested  than  in  Kentucky; 
nowhere  more  fully  maintained.  From  the  first,  and  under  all  circum 
stances,  they  proved  themselves  worthy  of  those  whom  they  claimed 
as  their  own  champions  in  the  army  of  the  South.  In  very  many  in 
stances  they  maintained  different  sentiments,  or  at  least,  a  different 
attitude,  from  the  men  of  their  families.  Fathers,  husbands,  and 
brothers  might  adopt  a  conciliating,  even  a  cringing,  policy,  but  this  is 
foreign  to  woman's  nature  when  any  question  of  moment  is. at  issue; 
and  for  the  most  part  the  women  of  Kentucky  were  notoriously  for  the 
South,  first,  last,  and  forever.  Their  greatest  pride  was  that  they 
were  identified  with  the  South,  during  the  war,  by  the  sons  of  Ken 
tucky  who  choset  to  follow  that  banner;  and  their  greatest  pleasure  was 
to  minister  to  the  necessities  of  any  soldier  who  wore  the  gray.  When 
the  State  was  overrun  by  the  Federals  they  made  no  efforts  to  conceal 
their  sentiments;  on  the  contrary,  they  gloried  in  them,  and  defended,. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  I'-RIGADE.  315 

as  best  they  could,  the  names  of  their  soldiers  from  insulting  imputa- 
ti  >::s.  When  Gen.  Morgan  occasionally  went  to  work  on  the  disturb 
ers  of  State  sovereignty,  the  women  were  his  warmest  coadjutors. 
They  gave  him  information,  concealed  his  spies,  strewed  flowers,  and 
(\vhat  was  more  to  a  hungry  cavalryman's  purpose,)  food  along  his  line 
of  march.  When  battles  occurred,  they  hied  out  to  seek  the  wounded 
and  nurse  them  with  all  the  devotion  that  the  ladies,  in  the  days  of 
c'livalry,  bestowed  upon  their  gallant  knights  who  fell  in  a  contest  par 
ticularly  for  them. 

In  the  hospitals  of  the  cities,  where  the  Federals  kept  their  wounded 
prisoners,  these  worthy  daughters  of  the  State  tried  to  gain  admittance, 
and  labored  in  every  possible  way  to  furnish  shoes,  and  clothing,  ?nd 
money,  to  add  what  they  could  to  the  shamefully  inadequate  rations 
furnished  by  the  Federal  prison  authorities;  to  convey  grateful  stimu 
lants  and  palatable  delicacies  to  the  sick ;  and  to  serve  as  a  means  of 
correspondence  between  these  prisoners  and  their  friends. 

Perhaps  there  is  not  a  State  of  the  South  some  of  whose  soldiers 
have  not  been  sick,  wounded,  and  in  want,  at  the  prison  barracks  on 
Broadway,  Louisville ;  and  none  who  ever  spent  a  day  there  can  for 
get  the  Confederate  ladies  of  that  city.  Without  their  care,  the  lot  of 
the  sufferer  there  would  have  been  hard  indeed,  even  in  the  midst  of 
an  abundance  of  all  that  could  be  necessary  to  the  well  being  of  ihe 
sick  or  wounded,  for  it  was  always  inconsistent  with  prison  discipline 
there  to  do  more  than  keep  body  and  soul  together,  as  everything 
taken  from  the  allowance  made  by  the  Government  to  feed,  clothe, 
and  furnish  medical  supplies,  was  taking  that  much  from  the  possible 
^tealage  of  the  non-combatants  whose  cupidity  led  them  to  seek  to 
have  charge  of  such  establishments.  But  the  ladies  of  the  city  vied 
with  each  other  in  efforts  to  relieve  the  suffering  and  needy,  and  many 
a  heart  throughout  the  Confederacy,  as  well  as  among  the  soldiers  of 
Kentucky,  beats  warm  when  their  thoughts  recur  to  them  and  to  their 
daily  ministrations,  under  the  harsh  restrictions  and  evil  eyes  of  those 
-weet  loyalists  who  became  familiar  with  '•  villainous  gunpowder"  only 
by  smelling  it  on  the  clothes  of  wounded  soldiers  fresh  from  the  field 
-f  battle. 

Among  those  of  special  note  in  Louisville  were  Mrs.  Lytcr  Huff 
man,  whose  beneficence  and  personal  exertions  were  great  and  unre 
mitting,  and  whose  devotion  was  such  that  jt  defied  danger  and  con- 
•emned  a  selfish  regard  of  property  interests;  and  Mrs.  Ann  Maria 
Welby,  whose  fervid  patriotism  and  keen  sympathy  with  suffering  Con 
federate  soldiers  were  characteristic  of  her  lofty  poetic  soul.  These 
ire  but  instances ;  their  associates  in  this  noble  work  were  many,  and 
•hey  were  true  to  the  last.  Not  only  this,  but  such  of  them  as  still 


310  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

live  have  been  these  thirty  years  active  in  promoting  the  welfare  of 
their  surviving  soldiers  and  fostering  every  enterprise  designed  to  pre 
serve  their  memory  and  perpetuate  their  fame.  It  is  much  to  be  re 
gretted  that  the  name  of  every  one  cannot  be  recorded  among  those 
of  the  Orphan  Brigade,  to  whose  members  they  were  an  inspiration, 
and  by  whom  they  are  revered  for  their  motherly,  wifely,  sisterly,  and 
womanly  devotion. 

In  Frankfort,  Mrs.  Mary  B.  Morris  and  Mrs.  Jane  Stout  were  so 
devoted  and  helpful  during  and  afcer  the  war  that,  since  their  death, 
Confederate  soldiers  perpetuate  their  memory  by  annually  decorating 
their  graves,  when  they  perform  this  rite  over  comrades  buried  there. 

In  Lexington,  Miss  Kitty  Todd,  who  afterward  became  the  wife  of 
William  Wallace  Herr,  devoted  much  of  her  time  to  relieving  the 
wants  of  the  Confederate  soldiers — captives  near  her  home  and  in 
Northern  prisons,  and  even  those  who,  were  doing  battle  far  southward, 
at  the  front.  She  used  her  influence  and  exercised  her  tact  in  getting 
permits  to  send  supplies  here  and  there,  and  many  a  destitute  and 
suffering  soul  had  cause  to  bless  her.  When  Capt.McGhee  snd  Walter 
Ferguson  were  condemned  under  Burbridge's  orders  to  be  hung  at 
Lexington,  she  and  Mrs.  Todd,  her  mother,  strove  to  save  them,  and 
it  is  believed  that  they  would  have  succeeded  had  not  their  appeal  to 
the  kind  heart  and  manly  instincts  of  President  Lincoln  been  inter 
cepted.  And  the  sorrows  and  bereavements  of  these  noble  women 
were  in  proportion  to  their  generous  aspirations  and  their  faithful  en 
deavors.  Of  Miss  Kitlie's  three  brothers  and  a  half-brother  (a  full 
brother  to  Mrs.  Lincoln),  who  took  service  with  the  South,  only  the 
half-brother,  a  surgeon  in  a  South  Carolina  regiment,  lived  through 
the  war.  Samuel,  serving  a  Louisiana  regiment,  was  killed  at  Shiloli ; 
Alexander,  who  belonged  to  the  Orphan  Brigade,  was  killed  at  Baton 
Rouge;  and  David,  commanding  a  battery  at  Vicksburg,  sickened 
and  died  there. 

And  not  only  were  the  women  of  Kentucky  to  be  found  in  the 
hospitals  of  their  own  State,  but  in  no  few  instances,  driven  from 
home,  they  labored  in  the  front  and  in  the  track  of  armies.  Among 
the  many  instances  of  this  character  that  might  be  adduced,  we  may 
mention  one,  without  any  disposition  whatever  to  do  injustice  to  any 
who  did  similar  service  to  the  cause  in  this  way,  but  rather  as  an  ex 
ample.  During  the  campaign  of  Gen.  Johnston,  in  1864,  Marietta, 
Atlanta,  and  many  other  towns  in  Georgia,  in  the  rear  of  his  army, 
were  put  in  requisition  for  hospital  accommodations ;  and  in  the  Acad 
emy  Hospital  at  Marietta,  two  ladies  of  Kentucky — Miss  Kate  A.  Mon 
roe  and  Miss  Lizzie  Hardin,  assisted  also  by  Miss  Mary  Monroe  and 
Mrs.  Leovey — devoted  themselves  week  after  week,  until  Johnston's 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  317 

movement  of  the  ad  of  July  uncovered  the  place,  to  the  care  of  the  sick 
and  wounded,  with  an  untiring  energy  and  an  efficiency  that  won  the 
gratitude  of  the  sufferers  and  the  admiration  of  all  witnesses  who  were 
concerned  for  the  welfare  of  the  men  sent  down  daily  from  the  front. 
And  even  before  they  took  charge  of  the  hospital,  the  house  which 
they,  with  other  members  of  Judge  Monroe's  family,  occupied,  was 
made  a  hospital  of  itself,  since  every  available  place  was  crowded,  and 
every  possible  attention  was  bestowed. 

It  was  not  in  Southern  hospitals  alone  that  the  women  of  Kentucky 
found  their  soldiers.  At  Johnson's  Island,  Rock  Island,  Camp  Chase, 
Fort  Delaware — in  fact,  wherever  they  were  confined  as  prisoners, 
they  at  times  realized  that  this  beneficent  care  was  over  them.  Sup 
plies  of  food,  clothing  and  money  were  sent  to  them — sometimes  even 
carried  to  them  by  a  lady  delegated  for  that  purpose — whenever  prison 
regulations  allowed  it.  Many  a  poor  fellow,  who  now  goes  back,  by 
retrospection,  over  those  days,  recalls  incidents  of  this  kind,  and  blesses 
hands  that,  though  unseen  to  him,  were  still  the  ministers  of  comforts 
that  only  the  sick  and  wounded,  the  starving  and  freezing  captive, 
could  properly  appreciate. 

What  a  list  it  would  make  if  we  could  gather  up  the  names  of  all 
Kentucky's  daughters  who  encountered  danger,  braved  insult,  risked 
life  and  sacrificed  property  in  their  determination  to  aid  and  comfort 
the  soldiers  of  the  South,  and  what  a  chapter  in  history  a  recital  of 
their  deeds  would  make  !  It  would  be  full  of  stirring  and  romantic  in 
cidents,  and  show  also  that  there  was  much  foundation  for  that  appre 
hension  of  her  influence  in  the  struggle  which  stirred  Brownlow's 
spleen  and  found  acknowledgment  in  Ben  Butler's  conduct  at  New 
Orleans. 

The  ladies  of  Kentucky  whom  the  members  of  the  brigade  had  most 
frequently  the  pleasure  of  seeing  were  Mrs.  John  C.  Breckinridge, 
Mrs.  Roger  W.  Hanson,  Mrs.  Ben.  Hardin  Helm,  Mrs.  Martin  H. 
Cofer,  Mrs.  William  L.  Clarke  and  Mrs.  William  S.  Phillips.  In  the 
presence  of  these,  (and  of  others,  if  there  were  others),  the  men  always 
tried  to  appear  at  their  best.  The  profound  respect  with  which  the 
great  majority  of  them  evidently  viewed  their  country-women,  was  an 
excellent  indication  of  their  high  social  character.  They  could  no  more 
have  been  guilty  of  ruffianly  conduct  before  these  ladies  in  camp,  when 
they  chanced  to  pass,  or  on  the  march  in  their  sight,  than  they  would 
in  the  drawing-rooms  of  polite  society.  Nor,  upon  a  drill  or  review, 
could  they  have  failed  to  make  their  best  display.  Men  long  debarred 
refined  and  virtuous  society  are  more  or  less  affected  in  manners  and 
morals ;  and  those  who  are  essentially  vulgar  sometimes  grow  deeply 
licentious,  and  are  lost  to  all  the  happy  influences  that  are  so  preemi- 


318  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

nently  the  province  of  woman.  But  among  these  men  that  chivalric 
deference  remained  unimpaired  to  the  last ;  among  the  more  earnest 
and  thoughtful  minds  it  was  enhanced,  for  they  realized,  in  all  its  ex 
tent,  during  those  four  years  of  privation,  how  much  they  were  indebted 
to  her  for  all  that  makes  life  desirable,  and  came  out  of  the  crucible 
with  a  higher  and  a  more  beautiful  appreciation.  And  no  thoughtful 
and  feeling  man  could  witness  the  sufferings— the  uncomplaining  de 
votion — the  wonderful  constancy  to  their  cause,  of  the  women  of  the 
South  in  general,  without  having  his  estimate  of  womanly  character 
raised  as  high  as  is  at  all  consistent  with  what  we  know  of  frail  human 
ity.  The  simple  recital  of  the  sacrifices  and  trials,  the  bereavements 
and  sickness  of  heart,  and  the  thoughts  and  feelings  that  all  these 
things  developed  in  them,  would  be  enough  to  wring  tears  of  blood 
from  any  but  the  hardest  hearts.  And  yet,  as  heretofore  remarked, 
they  bore  it  all  with  air  and  demeanor  that  were  grand. 

An  instance  of  the  interest  created  among  the  men  by  the  presence 
of  a  Kentucky  lady  occurred  during  the  winter  of  1863-4,  while  the 
army  lay  at  Dalton.  Mrs.  Col.  Will  Clarke,  who  boarded  some  months 
at  the  house  of  Maj.  Bard,  in  town,  was  accustomed  to  come  our 
.sometimes  and  spend  the  day  in  camp,  at  the  regimental  headquarters 
of  her  husband.  She  thus  frequently  graced  the  mess-table  at  dinner, 
around  which  were  accustomed  to  gather  the  sun-browned  veterans 
that  composed  the  colonel's  mess  — himself,  Lieut.  Bowling,  Sergt. 
Garvin,  Tommie  Helm,  and  William  H.  Nuchols.  This  was  a  novtl 
sight — a  rose  not.  so  much  among  thorns,  as  among  the  transplanted 
oaks  of  a  Kentucky  wood;  and  during  the  period  of  these  visits  it  was 
a  standing  joke  among  the  more  facetious,  that  the  Sixth  Regiment 
used  all  the  blacking  about  Dalton,  under  the  evident  apprehension 
that  Mrs.  Clarke  wouldn't  like  for  them  to  come  into  the  colonel's 
cabin  with  dirty  shoes  on  !  Her  presence  among  them  was  suggestive; 
of  other  scenes  and  better  days  in  the  past,  and  kindled  a  more  intense 
desire  that  the  coming  campaign  might  prove  the  speedy  attainment  of 
Southern  independence,  and  the  restoration  of  the  survivors  to  the 
walks  of  peaceful  life,  and  to  the  companionship  of  those  whom  they 
most  loved  in  the  world. 

Mrs.  Hanson,  closely  identified  with  the  brigade,  both  by  associa 
tion  and  as  the  wife  of  one  of  its  heroic  commanders,  known  after  his 
fall  as  The  Mother  of  the  Brigade — proud  of  its  fame,  loyal  to  the 
memory  of  the  fallen,  true  to  the  living,  and  revered  by  them — died 
suddenly  in  Frankfort,  October  16,  1888,  and  was  buried  beside  the 
general  in  the  Lexington  Cemetery.  She  was  then  serving  her  third 
term  as  State  Librarian. 

Her  pastor,  in  his  remarks  at  the  time  of  her  interment,  said,  among 


MRS.   VIRGINIA   HANSON. 
"The  Mother  of  the  Brigade." 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  319 

other  things  :  "  How  womanly  and  self-reliant  she  was  !  With  what  a 
brave  spirit  she  battled  her  way  in  the  world!  .  .  .  True  to  the  mem- 
or>  and  name  of  him  who  was  laid  to  rest  in  an  honored  soldier's 
L,rrave  twenty-six  years  ago,  she  bore  the  burden  and  heat  of  the  day 
alone,  and  by  her  resoluteness  and  decision  of  character  marked  out 
for  herself  an  independent  career  in  the  world  .  .  .  She  has  been 
faithful  to  the  interests  committed  to  her  as  the  needle  to  the  pole." 
{See  Biographical  Sketch  of  Gen.  Hanson.) 

Mrs.  Emily  Todd  Helm,  the  devoted  wife  of  our  fourth  brigadier 
(the  second  one  to  be  killed  while  gallantly  leading  his  command  in 
battle),  was  in  the  South  till  after  the  fall  of  the  general,  and  was 
known  to  many  of  the  men.  A  member  of  one  of  the  old  and  proud 
families  of  the  State,  a  handsome  and  accomplished  lady,  who  did  not 
need  to  assert  her  dignity  or  maintain  her  importance  by  being  hedged 
about  with  conventionalities  and  approached  with  formal  ceremony, 
she  was  a  favorite  in  her  own  right ;  but  of  course  the  death  of  the 
young  general  made  a  common  bond  of  sorrow  between  her  and  the 
men  and  gave  them  mutual  possession  of  a  tender  memory.  She 
shared  with  Mrs.  Hanson  their  knightly,  and  a  sort  of  filial,  regard 
which  gave  the  former  (the  senior  in  years  and  in  bereavement),  the 
title  of  Mother  of  the  Brigade,  to  which  the  latter  succeeded  upon  the 
death  of  Mrs.  Hanson. 

Mrs.  Helm  was  the  daughter  of  Robt.  Todd,  whose  father  was  Gen. 
Levi  Todd,  of  Revolutionary  fame,  and  both  were  noted  in  the  annals 
of  Kentucky.  Her  mother  was  Elizabeth  Humphreys,  a  daughter  of 
Dr.  Alexander  Humphreys,  of  Staunton,  Va.  When  Mrs.  Helm  was 
widowed,  the  care  of  three  little  children  devolved  upon  her.  Their 
education  being  her  chief  concern,  she  took  this  mainly  upon  herself 
and  accomplished  it  with  the  spirit  of  a  Roman  mother  and  the  skill 
of  the  trained  scholar.  Their  home  is  the  beautiful  Helm  Place,  near 
Elizabethtown,  the  ancestral  residence  of  the  Kentucky  Helms,  having 
been  in  possession  of  the  family  for  nearly  a  hundred  years.  Here  the 
general's  remains  lie  under  the  shadow  of  the  handsome  monument 
reared  to  the  memory  of  his  father,  the  governor,  and  surrounded  by 
his  kindred.  In  1893  Mrs.  Helm  contributed  to  the  Illustrated  Ken- 
tuckian  an  interesting  article  on  the  old  home,  its  history  and  its  sur- 
"oundings.  Like  Mrs.  Hanson,  she  has  been  honored  with  important 
public  position,  having  been  postmistress  at  Elizabethtown  for  twelve 
\  ears,  three  successive  presidential  terms,  preceding  1895. 

Mrs.  Bettie  Phillips  was  as  nearly  identified  with  the  brigade  as  any 
lady  ever  was  with  a  military  command,  perhaps,  except  indeed  such 
heroines  of  history  as  the  Maid  of  Saragossa  and  Joan  D'Arc,  and  h(  r 
just  pride  in  the  fame  of  the  organization,  as  well  as  her  soliciiudc  for 


320  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

its  welfare  during  the  war,  and  efforts  to  promote  it,  mark  her  as  de 
serving  the  special  mention  awarded  to  members. 

She  was  the  wife  of  Capt.  William  S.  Phillips,  of  Uniontown ;  and 
on  the  i4th  of  September,  1861,  joined  her  husband,  then  a  lieutenant 
in  the  Fourth  Regiment,  at  Camp  Boone,  after  which  she  was  not  at 
home  again  till  after  the  war.  When  the  army  was  stationary  for  any 
length  of  time,  she  was  either  with  it,  at  the  quarters  of  Capt.  Phil 
lips,  who  was  made  regimental  quartermaster  in  February,  1862,  or 
boarding  in  the  neighborhood.  She  sometimes  accompanied  it  on  the 
march — and  again,  during  its  unsettled  periods,  would  stay  with  some 
family  in  country  or  city.  After  an  engagement,  she  usually  remained 
some  time  at  the  place  to  which  the  wounded  of  the  brigade  were 
sent,  and  devoted  herself  to  their  care  and  comfort,  either  directly,  by 
her  own  exertions,  or  by  enlisting  the  favor  and  attention  of  others  in 
their  behalf. 

In  the  winter  of  1862-3,  after  the  battle  of  Stone  River,  her  health 
failed  sadly,  and,  deeming  it  best  that  she  should  return  home,  she  set 
out  from  Manchester  alone,  by  way  of  Tompkinsville.  Arriving  at  the 
latter  place,  she  was  advised  to  go  to  Glasgow  and  procure  a  passport 
for  Uniontown.  She  accordingly  reported  to  the  Federal  commandant 
there ;  and  instead  of  getting  the  passport,  was  arrested  as  a  spy,  and  sub 
jected  to  indignities  that  the  veriest  savages  would  scarcely  have  perpe 
trated.  A  sergeant  was  ordered  to  search  her  person,  and  when  she  defi 
antly  refused  to  submit  to  this,  some  women  were  called  in,  whom  she 
described  afterwards  as  being  "  two  officers'  wives  and  a  Mrs.  Taylor, 
a  native  Kentucky  Yankee."  These  creatures  examined  every  article 
of  clothing  twice,  with  a  scrutiny  that  peered  under  the  threads  of  the 
stitches,  lest  the  rebels  had  stored  some  infinitesimal  infernal  machine 
in  a  needle-hole,  and  had  sent  her  into  Kentucky  with  it  to  blow  the 
heart  out  of  "the  best  government."  They  failed  to  find  it,  however, 
but  gave  out  that  she  was  a  spy  notwithstanding,  and  the  lowest  and 
most  brutal  soldiers  of  the  garrison  were  allowed  to  gather  about,  and 
indulge  in  ribald  remarks  in  plain  hearing.  Two  or  three  times  she 
was  marched  from  her  prison  to  the  office  of  the  provost-marshal  and 
back  under  a  valiant  guard,  sometimes  of  cavalry,  sometimes  of  in 
fantry.  After  having  been  kept  there  several  days,  she  was  sent  to 
Louisville,  to  report  to  Gen.  Boyle,  and  chanced  to  find  in  his  adju 
tant  a  soldier,  who  gave  her  permission  to  put  up  anywhere  she  chose 
and  report  next  morning.  She  was  ordered  the  next  day  to  leave  the 
State,  and  informed  that  if  she  were  caught  in  it  during  the  war,  she 
should  be  treated  as  a  spy.  She  was  sent  by  way  of  Glasgow  and 
Bowling  Green  to  Nashville,  meeting  with  a  small  specimen  of  mean 
ness  at  Bowling  Green,  and  being  arrested  by  a  ruffianly  soldier  when 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  321 

the  cars  stopped  at  Nashville,  who  slapped  her  familiarly  on  the  shoul 
der,  and  informed  her  that  she  was  his  prisoner,  though  a  Federal 
officer  aboard  professed  to  have  charge  of  her.  Here  she  was  kept  for 
days,  a  female  detective  set  to  work  at  her,  a  male  of  the  same  species 
of  animal  lending  his  assistance,  an  effort  made  to  get  her  into  the 
house  of  an  adept  of  this  class,  who  could  make  what  evidence  she 
could  not  extract,  and  at  last  sent  out  in  a  wagon,  the  driver  of  which 
was  impressed  for  the  occasion,  and  told  to  drive  her  out  a  mile  and  a 
half,  and  drop  her.  He  had  been  told,  too,  that  she  was  the  wife  of 
a  major-general,  and  a  lot  of  other  meaningless  lies,  which  she  contra 
dicted  to  the  gentleman  who  was  to  carry  her,  before  they  started,  and 
in  the  presence  of  the  pimp  who  had  told  them.  The  gentleman  who 
was  ordered  to  carry  her  out  was  a  Southerner ;  and  instead  of  putting 
her  down  in  the  woods,  carried  her  eleven  miles,  to  a  comfortable 
family  residence,  from  which  place,  through  the  kindness  of  Lieut. 
Fall,  she  was  enabled  to  proceed  to  Beech  Grove,  where  the  Ken 
tucky  Brigade  then  was.  This  is  but  a  single  series  of  incidents  in  her 
career,  but  a  striking  example  of  the  petty  meanness  and  pusillanimity 
of  those  who  ruled  in  Kentucky  and  Tennessee  during  that  time,  in 
stead  of  carrying  their  precious  carcasses  to  the  front,  where  true  men 
battled  with  each  other  honorably. 

She  thereafter  followed  the  fortunes  of  her  countrymen.  In  need,  she 
looked  after  their  interests  in  that  quiet  and  as  unostentatious  way  that 
might  not  be  noticed  at  the  time,  but  was  effective  for  good.  If  her 
influence  could  procure  food  and  clothing,  delicacies  and  nursing  for 
the  sick  and  wounded,  anything  that  the  soldier  needed  and  prized,  it 
was  exerted.  If  one  had  a  garment  to  be  made  up,  she  did  it  for  him 
with  her  own  fingers,  from  the  most  obscure  private  in  the  ranks  to  the 
general  commanding. 

After  the  army  was  established  in  huts  at  Dalton,  she  took  up  her 
residence  at  the  headquarters  of  her  husband,  then  quartermaster  of 
brigade,  and  spent  the  winter  with  him.  This  establishment,  situated 
at  the  big  spring,  in  the  bottom  between  the  Chattanooga  railroad  and 
the  wagon  road  leading  in  the  same  direction,  was  to  the  brigade  what 
Col.  Clarke's  cabin  was  to  the  Sixth  Regiment  during  his  lady's  visits 
—a  kind  of  headquarters  of  polite  society,  where  all — general,  field, 
staff,  and  line  officers,  non-commissioned  officers  and  privates — 
dropped  in  when  off  duty  for  a  cosy  chat.  About  that  time  the  plan 
of  correspondence  under  flag  of  truce,  by  way  of  Fortress  Monroe, 
became  generally  understood  and  was  adopted;  and  it  would  be  amus 
ing  to  recount  the  scenes  that  occurred  around  Mrs.  Phillips'  fire,  but 
tor  the  sadness  that  is  conjured  up  by  thoughts  of  the  after-days. 
Many  and  many  an  evening,  until  far  toward  the  midnight  hour,  was 

21 


322  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

spent  by  a  circle  of  soldiers  there,  recounting  the  incidents  of  home- 
life  and  the  deeds  of  the  army ;  and  the  recitals  were  varied  by  every 
thing  that  can  make  simple  narrative  and  informal  colloquy  entertain 
ing  to  the  listener.  One  had  a  story  of  love  to  tell,  another  of  deadly 
feuds ;  one  of  country  pleasures  and  pursuits ;  some  indulged  in  the 
drollest  humor,  others  in  earnest  discussion  of  our  chances  of  success ; 
while  some  described  battles,  battle  incidents — humorous,  serious, 
full  of  fun,  or  touched  with  grief;  and  some  had  letters  from  home,  by 
the  means  previously  intimated,  which  were  read  and  commented 
upon,  thus  furnishing  a  fruitful  incentive  to  talk  about  the  old  State, 
from  which  no  true  Kentuckian  is  ever  weaned,  go  where  he  will. 
Many  a  poor  fellow,  whose  pleasure  was  so  great  at  receiving  a  letter 
from  those  whom  he  loved  and  longed  again  to  behold  that  he  could 
not  keep  it  to  himself,  but  wanted  others  to  be  happy  with  him,  and 
read  it  with  beaming  face  to  Mrs.  Phillips  and  a  selected  few,  or  even 
to  a  miscellaneous  company,  now  sleeps  uncoffined  beneath  the 
mournful-waving  and  bullet-scarred  pines  of  Georgia  and  South  Caro 
lina,  having  fallen  in  deadly  conflict  with  a  heart  full  of  unsatisfied 
love  and  hope. 

The  active  operations  that  began  on  the  yth  of  May,  1864,  had  no 
cessation  for  the  Kentucky  Brigade  until  the  army  was  surrendered, 
and  Mrs.  Phillips  spent  but  little  time  actually  with  the  command  after 
that,  though  occasionally  visiting  it  when  in  bivouac,  and  being  almost 
constantly  engaged  for  both  the  wounded  and  those  in  the  field.  At 
Washington,  Georgia,  she  saw  the  last  of  them  as  a  body,  and  looked 
upon  what  no  woman,  perhaps,  ever  saw  before — a  military  body  of 
men  whom  no  reverse  could  dispirit,  no  sufferings  nor  dangers  weaken, 
and  who  deemed  themselves  unconquerable  save  by  the  single  means 
of  destroying  the  last  man,  bidding  her,  and  their  general,  and  each 
other  farewell,  preparatory  to  final  separation,  without  arms  in  their 
hands,  but  choked  with  emotion,  that  found  vent,  in  many  instances, 
in  tears,  to  which  they  had  been  strangers  from  the  days  of  their  child 
hood. 

She  had  in  her  possession  the  flags  of  some  of  the  regiments  which 
they  had  brought  out  from  Kentucky  with  them,  and  under  which 
they  had  first  fought,  and  these  she  cut  into  small  strips  and  divided 
among  the  men  as  mementoes  till  the  last  was  gone,  and  thus  she  parted 
with  those  of  whose  careers  she  had  been  a  constant  witness,  and  in 
whose  defeat  she  felt  a  grief  as  poignant  as  their  own. 

It  is  fitting  to  close  this  chapter  with  the  eloquent  apostrophe  and 
appeal  of  Col.  John  N.  Edwards,  found  in  his  history  of  Gen.  Joe 
Shelby's  famous  command:  "  O,  women  of  the  South!  your  love 
and  purity  and  faith  and  hope  and  courage  were  without  limit,  and 


'Furl  it!   for  the  hands  that  grasped  it, 
And  the  hearts  that  fondly  clasped  it, 

Cold  and  dead  are  lying  low: 
And  the  banner,  it  is  trailing, 
While  around  it  sounds  the  wailing 

Of  its  people  in  their  woe. 
For,  though  conquered,  they  adore  it, 
Love  the  cold  dead  hands  that  bore  it, 
Weep  for  those  who  fell  before  it, 
Pardon  those  who  trailed  and  tore  it, 
And — oh!  wildly  they  deplore  it- 
No  w  to  furl  and  fold  it  so." 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  323 

worthy  of  eternal  blessings.  Man  proposes  and  God  disposes.  Guard 
the  sacred  memories  of  the  dear,  dead  past,  and  keep  forever  as  a 
priceless  heritage  the  recollections  of  those  immortal  deeds,  dared  and 
done  for  love  of  you  ! " 


324  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 


CHAPTER  XVIII. 

OUR  DEAD  AND  WHERE  THEY  LIE. CONFEDERATE  VETERAN  ORGAN 
IZATIONS,  THEIR  OBJECTS,  AND  THOSE  NOW  MAINTAINED  IN 
KENTUCKY. 


"  How  sleep  the  brave,  who  sink  to  rest, 
"  By  all  their  country's  wishes  bless'd  ! 
"  When  Spring,  with  dewy  fingers  cold, 
"  Returns  to  deck  their  hallow'd  mould, 
"  She  there  shall  dress  a  sweeter  sod 
"Than  Fancy's  feet  have  ever  trod. 

''  By  fairy  hands  their  knell  is  rung; 
<l  By  forms  unseen  their  dirge  is  sung ; 
"  There  Honor  comes,  a  pilgrim  gray, 
"To  bless  the  turf  that  wraps  their  clay; 
"And  Freedom  shall  awhile  repair, 
"  To  dwell  a  weeping  hermit  there  !  " 


It  has  long  been  a  matter  of  observation  and  remark  that  the  Con 
federate  soldiers  of  Kentucky  have  a  livelier,  more  enduring,  and 
more  loyal  feeling  of  comradeship  than  is  at  all  apparent  in  those 
whose  arms  were  finally  triumphant.  This  is  due  in  part,  no  doubt, 
to  the  enthusiastic  temper  of  Kentuckians,  and  to  that  hearty  social 
turn  which  readily  makes  friends  but  by  no  means  so  readily  loses  in 
terest  in  them  and  casts  them  off;  but  certainly  in  greater  part  to  the 
peculiar  circumstances  of  their  association  in  the  military  service,  and 
to  those  disasters  which  "followed  fast  and  followed  faster"  until  the 
final  and  irretrievable  overthrow  of  the  Confederacy. 

In  the  family  that  has  known  misfortune,  and  across  whose  threshold 
has  fallen  again  and  again  the  black  shadow  of  death,  bringing  bereave 
ments  and  leaving  the  memory  of  delightful  life  terminated  by  the 
agonies  of  dissolution,  there  come  to  the  survivors  a  deeper  tender 
ness  and  more  loving  solicitude  for  each  other  than  is  possible  to  those 
who  live  in  the  sunshine  and  know  little  of  the  defeats  and  disappoint 
ments  that  sadden  if  they  do  not  break  the  spirit.  So  the  thought  of 
the  days  when  these  thousands  of  ardent  young  Kentuckians  mar 
shalled  themselves  in  a  cause  which  to  them  was  as  sacred  as  any  that 
ever  led  men  to  array  themselves  against  the  perpetration  of  a  great 
wrong;  the  ever-insistent  and  inappeasable  ghost  of  "  what  might  have 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  325 

been;"  and  the  knowledge  of  what  part  they  played  in  the  great  trag 
edy  whose  curtain  was  at  last  rung  down  only  after  the  world  had 
witnessed  their  undoing, — all  this  had  the  effect  of  profoundly  stirring 
the  minds  of  these  men,  intensifying  their  feelings,  and  of  binding 
them  together  as  only  achievements,  sufferings,  calamities  borne  in 
common,  can  strengthen  the  ties  that  unite  either  families  or  organized 
bodies  of  men. 

In  the  beautiful  ceremony  of  decorating  the  graves  of  their  dead,  one 
who  studies  the  meaning  of  manifestations  finds  indications  of  thoughts 
and  feelings  that  are  not  paraded  before  men.  Running  through  the 
simple  ceremonies  of  these  occasions — the  prayer,  the  unstudied  ad 
dress,  the  quiet  conversations  of  the  men  and  women  who  move  rev 
erently  above  the  sleeping  dust  of  their  comrades  and  friends — is  the 
echo  of  a  tender  refrain,  an  undertone  of  sadness,  which  speaks  of  a 
past  whose  lines  are  deeply  and  ineffaceably  graven  upon  heart  and 
character,  to  the  chastening  of  them  and  the  bettering  of  them  in  direc 
tions  most  honorable  to  human  nature. 

If  loyal  comradeship  among  the  living,  continuing  through  the  life 
of  man,  is  noble,  the  reverential  tribute  of  annually  "  decking  the  hal 
lowed  mould  "  where  dead  comrades  sleep  is  both  beautiful  and  useful. 
When  Rome  ceased  to  apotheosize  her  good  and  great  men,  (a  step 
toward  losing  reverence  for  the  memory  of  those  whose  lives  had  been 
devoted  to  her  service),  the  first  traces  of  "Ichabod"  were  written 
upon  the  walls  of  the  mighty  empire — her  glory  had  begun  to  depart. 
And  when  the  Confederate  soldier  ceases  to  take  a  deep  and  serious 
interest  in  the  dead  past  in  which  he  was  a  notable  actor,  and  to  man 
ifest  to  the  world  that  he  still  holds  in  his  heart  and  honors  in  his 
thought  the  comrades  who  trod  with  him  the  paths  of  suffering,  of 
danger,  and  of  manful  deeds,  he  will  cease  to  cherish  in  him  and  his 
posterity  the  noble  traits  that  make  the  highest  order  of  citizen  and 
the  truest  patriot. 

At  the  close  of  the  war  thousands  of  our  fellow-soldiers  still  lay  in 
the  rude  graves  on  the  many  battlefields  and  in  their  vicinity ;  about 
the  hospitals  where  they  died  of  wounds  or  disease ;  and  near  prisons 
where  they  died  or  were  killed.  Some  few  had  been  brought  home  by 
their  relatives  and  friends.  To  Charlie  Herbst,  an  intelligent,  brave 
and  faithful  soldier  of  Co.  H,  Second  Kentucky,  more  than  to  any 
other,  perhaps  to  all  others,  is  due  the  honor  of  making  it  possible  to 
identify  the  graves  of  hundreds  of  them  and  remove  the  bodies  to 
cemeteries  in  the  South,  or  home  to  Kentucky  to  rest  with  kindred 
dust.  Soon  after  the  war  he  began  to  devote  himself  sedulously  to 
locating  the  spots  where  his  fellow-Kentuckians  lay,  and  indicating 
them  by  neat  head-boards.  From  time  to  time  for  twenty  years  these 


326  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

bodies  were  removed,  one  by  one,  by  individuals  and  families;  but  at 
the  fourth  annual  reunion  of  the  brigade,  at  Glasgow,  August  ipth, 
1885,  a  movement  was  organized  to  remove  as  many  as  possible  of  the 
remains  of  comrades  killed  and  buried  on  the  battlefields"  of  Georgia 
and  still  remaining  there,  and  a  fund  was  raised  for  that  purpose. 

Col.  John  C.  Wickliffe,  Gen.  Fayette  Hewitt  and  Lieut.  Willis  L. 
Ringo  were  appointed  a  committee  to  superintend  the  undertaking. 

In  pursuance  of  the  design,  Lieut.  Ringo  went  to  Chickamauga  in 
the  early  autumn  of  1888,  and  succeeded  in  finding  thirty  bodies  of 
Kentuckians,  which  were  interred  in  the  Confederate  lot  in  the  Frank 
fort  Cemetery,  September  25.  He  subsequently  ascertained  the  loca 
tion  of  five  more.  The  work  was  one  of  much  responsibility,  and  was 
rendered  difficult  because  most  of  the  wooden  head-boards  put  up  by 
Charlie  Herbst  soon  after  the  war,  (as  noticed  above),  had  decayed  or 
been  destroyed;  in  some  cases  he  could  not  identify  individually,  and 
the  remains  of  fourteen  rest  there  as  unknown,  though  among  these  the 
following  are  certainly  included  :  Elias  Gay,  Co.  A,  Second  Kentucky ;  * 
Joseph  Daily,  Co.  E,  Second  Kentucky;  C.  Fritz,  Co.  F,  Second 
Kentucky;  Robert  Moore,  Co.  H,  Second  Kentucky;  Oscar  Hack- 
ley,  Co.  I,  Second  Kentucky;  Sergt.  J.  W.  Munford,  Co.  K,  Second 
Kentucky;  A.  H.  Thompson,  Co.  F,  Fourth  Kentucky;  Sergt.  Lean- 
der  Ellis,  Co.  A,  Fifth  Kentucky,  and  G.  Hurley,  Cobb's  Battery. 

The  following  were  identified  and  their  headstones  are  marked : 
Col.  James  W.  Moss,  Second  Kentucky  (reinterred  at  reunion,  Sep 
tember  26,  1888);  Robert  Clinton  Anderson,  ensign  Second  Ken 
tucky  ;  Capt.  Harry  B.  Rogers,  Co.  D,  Second  Kentucky ;  Sergt.  N. 
M.  Pullen,  Co.  D,  Second  Kentucky;  Wm.  T.  Richardson,  Co.  H, 
Second  Kentucky;  J.  G.  Bryant,  Co.  F,  Fourth  Kentucky;  Lieut. 
John  Bell,  Co.  K,  Fourth  Kentucky ;  Isaac  Fugate,  Co.  B,  Fifth  Ken 
tucky  ;  Lieut.  George  R.  Yates,  Co.  E,  Fifth  Kentucky;  J.  Wooley, 
Co.  I,  Fifth  Kentucky;  J.  C.  McCormack,  Co.  B,  Ninth  Kentucky; 
John  McMahan,  Co.  D,  Ninth  Kentucky. 

The  following  other  members  are  buried  there,  some  removed  from 
the  South  by  their  friends  prior  to  the  movement  previously  referred 
to,  some  having  died  since  the  war  :  Maj.  Thomas  B.  Monroe,  Fourth 
Kentucky ;  Capt.  Ben  Monroe,  Co.  E,  Fourth  Kentucky ;  John  W. 
Payne,  Co.  E,  Second  Kentucky;  Lieut.  Isham  T.  Dudley,  Co.  E, 
Fourth  Kentucky;  Q.  M.  Sergt.  Samuel  South,  Co.  B,  Fifth  Ken 
tucky;  R.  R.  Parsons,  Co.  E,  Fourth  Kentucky;  Lieut.  Robert  A. 
Thomson,  Co.  E,  Fourth  Kentucky;  Hubbard  H.  Kavanaugh,  Chap 
lain  Sixth  Kentucky ;  Sergt.  James  G.  Crockett,  Co.  E,  Fourth  Ken- 

*The  reader  will  note  that  where  a  regiment  is  given  by  number,  without  speci 
fying  whether  infantry  or  cavalry,  the  Kentucky  Infantry  is  indicated. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  327 

tucky;  Lieut.  Geo.  B.  Burnley,  Co.  E,  Fourth  Kentucky;  Ensign  R. 
Kidder  Woodson,  Co.  E,  Fourth  Kentucky;  Jack  Pattie,  Co.  K,  Fifth 
Kentucky;  A.  G.  Brawner,  Co.  H,  Second  Kentucky;  Sergt.  Thomas 
T.  Price,  Co.  E,  Fourth  Kentucky ;  Corporal  J.  K.  Exum,  Co.  E, 
Fourth  Kentucky ;  W.  C.  Church,  Co.  E,  Second  Kentucky ;  Sergt. 
Samuel  W.  Shannon,  Co.  E,  Fourth  Kentucky ;  and  Sergt.  B.  A. 
Vaughn,  Co.  A,  First  Kentucky  Cavalry. 

It  was  once  proposed  to  move  to  Frankfort  the  following  comrades: 
Isaac  Cole,  Co.  B,  Fifth  Kentucky  (buried  at  Versailles)  ;  Sergt. 
Eliphas  P.  Williams,  Co.  B,  Fifth  Kentucky  (buried  at  Flat  Gap, 
Johnson  County),  and  John  Kazee,  Fifth  Kentucky  (buried  on  George's 
Creek,  in  Lawrence  County)  ;  but  the  plan  was  not  carried  out. 

The  following  names  of  those  still  in  the  South  are  taken  from  a 
valuable  list  printed  by  comrade  Herbst  after  he  had  concluded  his  re 
searches.  Those  known  to  have  been  removed  to  Frankfort  and  else 
where  are  of  course  omitted. 

On  the  battlefield  of  Chickamauga  and  in  the  neighborhood  are  : 
At  Breckinridge's  Division  Hospital,  six  and  a  half  miles  from  Ring- 
gold,  Joseph  Kerburg,  E.  Townsend,  Nathan  Board,  and  N.  Stovall, 
all  of  Co.  H,  Ninth  Kentucky;  John  L.  Dunn,  Co.  G,  Ninth  Ken 
tucky;  Capt.  Gus  Dedman,  Co.  I,  Second  Kentucky;  R.  King,  Co. 
H,  Fourth  Kentucky;  S.  Walsh,  Co.  I,  Sixth  Kentucky;  D.  M.  Bry 
ant,  Co.  E,  Sixth  Kentucky ;  John  L.  Henton,  Co.  B,  Sixth  Ken 
tucky  (the  last  at  Ed  Fowler's). 

About  two  miles  from  the  above,  and  near  Mr.  Kelly's,  W.  Jones, 
Co.  G,  Second  Kentucky;  J.  Steele,  Co.  — ,  Second  Kentucky;  W. 
H.  Skinner,  Co.  G,  Second  Kentucky.  A  little  nearer  the  breast 
works  over  which  the  Kentuckians  charged  is  J.  C.  Carmack,  Co.  B, 
Fifth  Kentucky ;  and  within  one  hundred  and  forty  yards  is  a  pit  said 
to  contain  three  or  four  Kentuckians.  About  a  mile  from  where  a 
steam  saw-mill  then  stood  in  the  woods  is  Sergt.  W.  Allen,  Co.  D, 
Ninth  Kentucky.  At  Mr.  Snodgrass's  place,  about  one  and  a  half 
miles  from  the  spot  from  which  Ensign  Anderson  was  removed,  are 
George  Montgomery,  Co.  D,  Fifth  Kentucky ;  John  Stamper,  Co.  G, 
Fifth  Kentucky ;  and  two  of  the  Fifth  Kentucky  whose  initials  only 
are  given  :  H.  T.  E.  and  J.  R. ;  also,  W.  M.  S.,  Co.  K,  Fifth  Ken 
tucky. 

In  the  Citizens'  Cemetery,  at  Ringgold  :  Maj.  Rice  E.  Graves,  Chief 
of  Artillery;  B.  S.  Hamilton,  Co.  D,  Ninth  Kentucky;  -  -  Wood- 
son,  Co.  K,  Ninth  Kentucky.  In  the  Confederate  graveyard,  one  mile 
from  Ringgold,  is  T.  Foley,  Co.  K,  Ninth  Kentucky. 

At  Cherokee  Springs,  Ga.,  is  W.  Haynes,  Co.  E, Kentucky; 

and  at  Ebenezer  Church  is  Isaac  H.  Beam,  First  Kentucky  Cavalry. 


328  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

At  Catoosa  Springs,  Ga. ,  are  Joseph  M.  Barnett,  Cobb's  Battery, 
and  Joseph  Wells,  Co.  E,  Second  Kentucky. 

At  Dalton  and  in  the  vicinity  are :  R.  P.  Sanford,  Co.  G,  Fourth 
Kentucky;  Thomas  J.  Lee,  Co.  — ,  Ninth  Kentucky;  George  Harper, 
Co.  A,  Ninth  Kentucky;  Joseph  H.  Erwin,  Co.  H,  Ninth  Kentucky; 
Robert  S.  Dobyns,  Co.  G,  Ninth  Kentucky;  Thomas  Withers,  Co.  H, 
Sixth  Kentucky;  J.  R.  Gordon,  Co.  I,  Sixth  Kentucky;  A.  J.  Mar 
tin,  Graves's  Battery;  W.  J.  Parker,  Co.  C,  First  Kentucky  Cavalry; 
Lewellyn  Fuller,  Co.  D,  First  Kentucky  Cavalry;  B.  F.  Kendall,  Co. 
F,  First  Kentucky  Cavalry;  Joseph  H.  Page,  Co.  A,  Ninth  Kentucky; 
W.  T.  McCormack,  Co.  A,  Ninth  Kentucky;  Martin  Rafter,  Cobb's 
Battery;  W.  F.  Hopkins,  Co.  — ,  Ninth  Kentucky,  (the  last  at  Ed 
Frackland's) ;  George  Disney,  Co.  B,  Fourth  Kentucky,  (on  top  of 
Rocky  Face  Ridge);  Mitchell,  Lewis's  Kentucky  Brigade. 

At  Marietta,  Ga.,  in  Citizens'  Cemetery:  Henry  Crow,  First  Ken 
tucky  Cavalry;  G.  B.  Partridge,  Co.  K,  Fourth  Kentucky;  T.  E. 
Covington,  Co.  D,  Fourth  Kentucky;  Capt.  John  Calvert,  Co.  E, 
Fifth  Kentucky ;  W.  Ackerman,  Co.  A,  Fifth  Kentucky;  Wm.  H. 
Herrington,  Co.  I,  Sixth  Kentucky;  L.  Gross,  Co.  B,  Fifth  Kentucky; 
Deriah  Prather,  Co.  G,  Sixth  Kentucky;  Lieut.  H.  Clay  McKay, 
Gen.  Lewis's  staff. 

Three  miles  from  Dallas,  Ga.,  at  place  known  as  Lewis's  graveyard: 
F.  S.  Lane,  Co.  K,  Second  Kentucky ;  James  N.  Mason,  Co.  H, 
Second  Kentucky;  Wallace  Western,  Co.  D,  Second  Kentucky ;  Jas. 
Cochran,  Co.  B,  Sixth  Kentucky;  Sergt.  G.  Smith,  Co.  H,  Fifth 
Kentucky;  W.  W.  Chambers,  Co.  K,  Ninth  Kentucky;  and  one  un 
known  marked  "Kentucky  Infantry." 

At  the  Methodist  Church,  Dallas:  S.  A.  Sothern,  Co.  E,  Sixth 
Kentucky;  J.  Geiger,  Co.  — ,  Fifth  Kentucky;  J.  L.  Street,  Co.  I, 
Second  Kentucky;  George  Stone,  Co.  A,  Sixth  Kentucky;  Wm.  Mox- 
ley,  Co.  A,  Sixth  Kentucky;  Lieut.  E.  J.  Freeman,  Co.  B,  Sixth 
Kentucky;  G.  W.  Larkin,  Co.  D,  Second  Kentucky;  Capt.  D.  E. 
McKendree,  Co.  D,  Sixth  Kentucky;  J.  Lyon,  First  Kentucky  Bat 
tery,  (the  last  at  P.  M.  Carter's). 

On  the  battlefield  of  Dallas:  V.  M.  Wells,  Co.  A,  Sixth  Ken 
tucky;  Samuel  Borders,  Co.  I,  Fifth  Kentucky;  James  Masden,  Co. 
H,  Sixth  Kentucky;  Joseph  J.  Morton,  Co.  I,  Sixth  Kentucky;  C.  H. 
Dawson,  Co.  A,  Sixth  Kentucky;  Lieut.  C.  A.  Schroeder,  Co.  I, 
Fourth  Kentucky;  Samuel  Gilchrist,  Co.  C,  Fourth  Kentucky;  L. 
A.  L.  Wallace,  Co.  C,  Fourth  Kentucky ;  R.  H.  Young,  Co.  B,  Sixth 
Kentucky;  Lieut.  H.  M.  Watts,  Co.  B,  Fourth  Kentucky;  James 
Perry,  Co.  C,  Fifth  Kentucky;  V.  F.  Fisher,  Co.  C,  Second  Ken 
tucky;  A.  L.  Kaufman,  Co.  C,  Second  Kentucky;  W.  Dave  Ray- 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  329 

mond,  Co.  C,  Second  Kentucky;  Green  B.  Boothe,  Co.  H,  Fourth 
Kentucky;  W.  Zion,  Co.  B,  Fifth  Kentucky;  W.  C.  Fletcher,  Co.  K, 
Fourth  Kentucky ;  and  two  unknown  at  picket  line,  Lewis'  Kentucky 
Brigade. 

Supposed  to  be  on  the  battlefield  of  Dallas,  or  in  the  vicinity,  are 
the  following — known  to  have  been  killed  there:  L.  D.  Berry  and  E. 
R.  Edwards,  Co.  A;  Sergt.  G.  M.  Penny,  Co.  B;  Capt.  W.  A.  Brad- 
dock,  C.  H.  Levering  and  Richard  Sothern,  Co.  C;  Corporal  C.  W. 
Flowers,  Co.  D;  James  Schroeder,  Co.  E;  J.  H.  Gregory,  Co.  F; 
Sergt.  J.  T.  Smith,  Corporal  J.  M.  Chiles,  J.  Barry,  and  O.  Watts, 
Co.  G;  Sergt.  J.  H.  Summers  and  C.  Bentol,  Co.  H, — all  of  the 
Second  Kentucky. 

At  Jonesboro,  Ga.:  Robert  H.  Lindsay,  Ensign,  Fourth  Kentucky ; 
Richard  W.  Bowling,  Co.  F,  Fourth  Kentucky;  George  Bosh,  Co.  H, 
Fourth  Kentucky;  one  unknown  of  Co.  A,  Fourth  Kentucky;  S. 
Thomas,  Co.  E,  Fifth  Kentucky;  C.  W.  Cohorn,  Co.  — ,  Fifth  Ken 
tucky;  J.  P.  Keith,  Co.  B,  Ninth  Kentucky;  Lieut.  Wm.  M.  Neal,  Co. 
A,  Fourth  Kentucky;  Ephraim  R.  Smith,  Co.  A,  Fourth  Kentucky. 

At  Newnan,  Ga. ,  in  Citizens'  Cemetery:  J.  W.  McClasky,  Co. 
A,  Sixth  Kentucky;  Joseph  McClasky,  Co.  A,  Sixth  Kentucky; 
Frank  Rowell,  Co.  H,  Ninth  Kentucky;  Edward  Watt,  Co.  A,  Fourth 
Kentucky;  V.  H.  Erron,  Co.  C,  Fourth  Kentucky ;  Harry  C.  Colston, 
Ensign,  Sixth  Kentucky;  Lieut.  J.  W.  Carroll,  Co.  D,  Ninth  Ken 
tucky;  P.  W.  Williams,  Co.  G,  Ninth  Kentucky;  W.  Watts,  Co.  I, 
Sixth  Kentucky;  Charles  E.  Hall,  Co.  B,  Second  Kentucky. 

At  LaGrange,  Ga. ,  in  the  Confederate  Cemetery  :  Robert  Clinton 
Bryan,  Sixth  Kentucky ;  D.  P.  Conny,  Fourth  Kentucky;  W.  B.  Cole- 
man,  Ninth  Kentucky. 

At  West  Point,  Ga.,  in  the  Confederate  Cemetery,  is  Steve  Estill, 
Co.  H,  Second  Kentucky. 

At  Charleston,  East  Tenn.,  is  Sergt.  W.  Frank  Standiford,  Co.  D, 
First  Kentucky  Cavalry. 

In  the  cemetery  at  Griffin,  Ga.:  James  F.  Talbott,  Co.  C,  Second 
Kentucky;  G.  C.  Harris,  Co.  B;  W.  B.  Edson,  Co.  G,  Fourth  Ken 
tucky;  Newton  Cook,  Co.  C,  Ninth  Kentucky;  W.  Meredith,  Co.  G, 
Ninth  Kentucky;  Charles  Segler,  Co.  H,  Ninth  Kentucky;  Jesse 
Cornelius,  Co.  A,  Ninth  Kentucky ;  W.  D.  Burney,  Co.  C,  Ninth 
Kentucky;  A.  J.  Miller,  Co.  D,  Fifth  Kentucky;  D.  R.  Willett,  Co. 
F,  First  Kentucky  Cavalry;  H.  J.  Haddock,  Co.  B,  Sixth  Kentucky. 

In  the  cemetery  at  Rome,  Ga.:  J.  L.  Turner,  Co.  D,  First  Ken 
tucky  Cavalry ;  S.  Crevison,  Cobb's  Battery ;  Chris  Jones,  Co.  E, 
Ninth  Kentucky;  B.  E.  Settle,  Co.  — ,  Sixth  Kentucky. 

At  Atlanta,  Ga.,  in  the  Citizen's  Graveyard:    Capt.  G.  W.  McCau- 


330  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

ley,  First  Kentucky  Cavalry ;  Col.  James  W.  Hewitt,  Second  Kentucky ; 
A.  Dawson,  Co.  A,  Second  Kentucky;  George  R.  Moore,  Second 
Kentucky;  W.  F.  Willingham,  Co.  A,  Sixth  Kentucky;  Oscar  E.  Reed, 
Co.  I,  Sixth  Kentucky;  W.  A.  Hatcher,  Co.  C,  Second  Kentucky;  J. 

E.  Dawson,  Co.  I,  Sixth  Kentucky;  D.  Passin,  Co.  H,  Fifth  Kentucky ; 
R.   Wolfe,  Co.  G,  Fifth  Kentucky;  I.   Sampson,  Co.  K,  Fifth  Ken 
tucky;  John  B.   Scott,   Co.  F,  Fourth  Kentucky;  David  Evans,  Co. 

A,  Fifth  Kentucky;   J.   A.   Smith,   First  Kentucky  Cavalry;    James 
N.   Wilkinson,    Co.   A,   Fourth   Kentucky;    C.   Hutchinson,   Co.   G, 
Ninth  Kentucky;  E.   R.  Pemberton,  Co.  G,  Ninth  Kentucky;  Levi 
Jones,   Cobb's  Battery;  Capt.  Tom  Walker,   Byrne's  Battery;  J.  W. 
Davidson,   Co.   E,   Sixth  Kentucky;  L.   H.  Spalding,  Co.  C,  Fourth 
Kentucky ;  David  Ellison,    Co.    B,  First  Kentucky  Cavalry ;    Adam 
Razor,    Co.    C,    First    Kentucky    Cavalry;    Silas    H.    Bingham,  Co, 

F.  First    Kentucky    Cavalry;     W.     B.     Hanley,     Co.     H,    Fourth 
Kentucky;     J.   W.  Ellington,  Co.  C,  Fifth  Kentucky;    M.   Rogers, 
Co.    F,    Fourth  Kentucky;  C.    H.  Jones,   Co.  F,  Fifth  Kentucky; 
D.    D.    Shyrer,  Co.   F,    Fifth    Kentucky ;    James    M.    Plaster,   Co. 
C,    Second    Kentucky;    P.    Formhals,     Co.    I,    Fourth    Kentucky; 

G.  J.  Stewart,  Co.  K,  Second  Kentucky;  J.  H.  Calvert,  Co.  E,  Fifth 
Kentucky;  E.   V.   Henry,   Co.  C,  Fifth,  Kentucky;  Mark  Hancock, 
Co.   C,   Fourth  Kentucky;  J.  W.  Williams,   Co.  C,  Fifth  Kentucky; 

Lieut.   J.   W.   Cleveland,  Co.   I,   Fifth  Kentucky;  L.  Maxon, , 

Ninth  Kentucky;  W.  A.  Bush,  Co.  H,  Sixth  Kentucky;  George  Peach,, 
Co.  G,  Sixth  Kentucky;  H.  G.  Hogge,  Co.  A,  Fourth  Kentucky ;  G. 
M.  Calhoun,  Co.  G,  Fourth  Kentucky;  E.  W.  Anderson,  -  — ,  Sixth 
Kentucky;  Lieut.  John  W.  Webb,  Co.  D,  Ninth  Kentucky,  (the  last 
near  Col.  Grant's  house);  G.  B.  Barnes,  Co.  G,  Fifth  Kentucky;  W. 
H.   Walker,   Co.   B,   Fifth  Kentucky;   G.    E.   Rice,  Co.    C,    Fourth 
Kentucky;  B.   G.    Collier,  Co.  G,  Sixth  Kentucky;  John  Bradshaw, 
Co.   C,  Fifth  Kentucky;  S.  D.  Hancock,  Co.  C,  Fourth,  Kentucky;. 
J.  C.  Grissom,  Co.  C,  Sixth,  Kentucky;  J.  L.  Ambrose,  Co.  C,  Fifth 
Kentucky;    Thomas    Whallen,    Co.   B,    Fifth  Kentucky;    Jedediah 
Branch,   Co.   H,  Sixth  Kentucky;  J.  T.   Boyd,  Co.  G,  Fourth  Ken 
tucky;  Lieut.  Phil  Murphy,  Co.  F,  Second,  Kentucky;  A.  Wells,  Co. 

B,  Sixth  Kentucky ;   James  M.   Ashford,  Co.   H,  Sixth    Kentucky ; 
Silas  King,   Co.  I,  Ninth  Kentucky;  James  Metcalfe  and  John  With 
ers,  Co.  H,  Sixth  Kentucky;  L.  N.  Stout,  Co.  A,  Sixth  Kentucky; 
James  Osborne,  Co.  E,  Sixth  Kentucky;  J.  E.  McDonald,  First  Ken 
tucky  Battery ;  Lieut.  Robt.  D.  Spalding,  Co.  F,  First  Kentucky  Cav 
alry.     There  are  many  around  Atlanta  of  whom  no  record  has  been 
preserved. 

In  the  Confederate  Cemetery  at  Forsythe,  Ga. :     H.  E.  Mott,  Co. 


MONUMENT  TO  OUR  CONFEDERATE   DEAD. 

In   the   Frankfort  Cemetery. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  331 

— ,  Fourth  Kentucky;  R.  H.  Williams,  Adjutant,  Fourth  Kentucky; 
F.  S.  Barnes,  Co.  A,  Fifth  Kentucky;  Lieut.  S.  M.  Orr,  Co.  G, 
Sixth  Kentucky. 

At  Resaca,  Ga.  :  Sergt.  Robert  E.  Hewitt,  Co.  G,  Second  Ken 
tucky;  Charles  W.  Gayley,  Co.  A,  Second  Kentucky,  and  eight  others 
marked  "  Kentuckians,  Lewis's  Brigade,  Infantry,  names  not  known." 
The  above  were  reinterred  in  a  beautiful  little  Confederate  cemetery 
near  Resaca,  completed  through  the  exertions  of  Mr.  John  Green's 
family. 

At  Kenesaw  Mountain  are  W.  H.  Ross,  Co.  K,  Fifth  Kentucky; 
Maj.  John  Bird  Rogers,  Fourth  Kentucky. 

The  following  names,  with  places  of  interment,  have  been  copied 
from  the  private  papers  of  the  writer  and  furnished  by  friends  here 
and  there  in  response  to  inquiries;  but  at  almost  every  place  men 
tioned  there  are  doubtless  a  number  of  others,  about  whom  he  could 
not  obtain  reliable  information. 

At  Dover,  Tenn. ,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  battlefield  of  Donelson : 
J.  F.  Wyatt,  Co.  B,  Second  Kentucky;  A.  Lyle  and  J.  Sothern,  Co. 
C,  Second  Kentucky;  Felix  G.  Stier,  Co.  D,  Second  Kentucky; 
Lieut.  Wm.  H.  Hill,  D.  H.  McDaniel,  G.  H.  Eveleth  and  S.  Mat 
thews,  Co.  F,  Second  Kentucky;  H.  B.  Nelson,  Co.  G,  Second  Ken 
tucky  ;  G.  W.  Emerson  and  Perry  Turpin,  Co.  I,  Second  Kentucky. 

On  the  battlefield  of  Shiloh  and  in  the  vicinity :  Wm.  L.  Rogers, 
Co.  A,  Fourth  Kentucky;  Hugh  McVey,  Co.  D,  Fourth  Kentucky; 
Nathan  Booker  Thompson,  Co.  F,  Sixth  Kentucky ;  John  Crawford 
and  John  Purcell,  Co.  H,  Sixth  Kentucky;  Matt  Champion,  Co.  F, 
Fourth  Kentucky;  Tom  Porter,  Co.  B,  Ninth  Kentucky. 

At  Coritfth,  Miss.  :  G.  S.  Williams,  Co.  G,  Sixth  Kentucky ;  John 
Harned,  Co.  H,  Sixth  Kentucky. 

At  Goodwin,  Miss.  :  William  Martin  and  Nathaniel  Martin,  Co. 
E,  Sixth  Kentucky. 

At  Jackson,  Miss. :     George  W.  Oliver,  Co.  E,  Sixth  Kentucky. 

In  the  old  Waddy  Thompson  burying  ground  on  Little  Barren 
River,  Metcalfe  County :  Capt.  James  B.  Thompson,  first  a  member 
of  Co.  D,  Sixth  Kentucky;  commissioned  a  captain  of  cavalry  while 
Bragg  was  in  Kentucky,  1862. 

On  the  battlefield  of  Intrenchment  Creek  :  Richard  M.  Johnson,  Co. 
E,  Sixth  Kentucky ;  Lieut.  Frank  Harned  and  Allen  Snellen,  Co.  H, 
Sixth  Kentucky  ;  and  Capt.  }.  Matt  Bowling,  Co.  D,  Sixth  Kentucky. 

At  Hartsville,  Tenn.,  and  in  the  vicinity  :  Corporal  D.  W.  Weaver, 
Co.  A,  Corporal  R.  N.  Yancey,  Co.  B,  Lieut.  Charles  H.  Thomas 
and  Lieut.  John  W.  Rogers,  Co.  C,  J.  A.  Pryor,  and  John  R.  Usrey, 
Co.  D,  Sergt.  Thomas  Maddox,  Co.  E,  G.  A.  Elgin  and  John  N. 


332  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

Mason,  Co.  H, — all  of  the  Second  Kentucky ;  Peter  Kay  and  Albert 
Rhea,  Co.  H,  Ninth  Kentucky. 

At  Murfreesboro,  Tenn.,  and  elsewhere  in  the  vicinity  of  Stone 
River  battlefield :  Sergt.  Reed  and  Corporal  Robinson,  Co.  A,  Cor 
poral  A.  G.  Montgomery,  Co.  B,  Elijah  Barnes,  Thomas  Clark  and  J. 
W.  Glasscock,  Co.  C ;  Lieut.  Frank  Tryon  and  Robert  Garter,  Co. 
E,  Corporal  Edward  Sayse  Wright,  Co.  H,  Sergt.  A.  O.  Hornbaker, 
Bugler  Charles  H.  Bowen,  and  W.  O.  Hardesty,  Co.  I, — all  of  Sec 
ond  Kentucky;  Eugene  L.  Johnston,  Co.  B,  Fourth  Kentucky;  Sergt. 
Whayne,  Cobb's  Battery ;  Thomas  Higdon,  Co.  A,  First  Kentucky 
Cavalry;  Wilson  G.  Parker,  Asa  Lewis,  and  Thomas  W.  Payne,  Co. 
E,  Sixth  Kentucky;  Hense  G.  Tracey,  Co.  C,  Sixth  Kentucky;  Wm. 
Harned,  Henry  Hayman,  James  A.  Hill,  and  John  Tabb,  all  of  Co. 
H,  Sixth  Kentucky. 

At  Fayetteville,  Tenn.  :     Charles  Vise,  Co.  H,  Sixth  Kentucky. 

At  Manchester,  Tenn  :  John  G.  Tisdale,  Co.  E,  Sixth  Kentucky ; 
Wm.  Younger,  Co.  H,  Sixth  Kentucky. 

In  the  Chattanooga  Cemetery  :  John  Baiter,  Co.  B,  First  Kentucky 
Cavalry;  W.  Berry,  Co.  B,  Second  Kentucky;  J,  G.  Burgess,  Co.  D, 
Ninth  Kentucky;  A.  Bohet,  Co.  B,  First  Kentucky  Cavalry;  Wm. 
McCullen,  Co.  H,  Sixth  Kentucky;  James  Switzer,  Co.  F,  Ninth 
Kentucky;  D.  M.  Simpson,  Co.  D,  First  Kentucky  Cavalry;  Joseph 
M.  Winston,  Co.  D,  Fourth  Kentucky. 

At  Tullahoma,  Tenn.  :     John  Holtzclaw,  Co.  H,  Sixth  Kentucky. 

At  Nashville,  Tenn. :     Theodore  Pearl,  Co.  H,  Sixth  Kentucky. 

In  Louisiana,  (place  not  definitely  stated):  Capt.  Frank  D.  Moffitt, 
Co.  H,  Sixth  Kentucky. 

At  Estelle  Springs,  La.  :     James  Ross,  Co.  H,  Sixth  Kentucky. 

At  Baton  Rouge,  La.  :  John  Clark  and  John  Smith,  Co.  H,  Sixth 
Kentucky. 

At  Columbus,  Ga.  :  W.  Dudley  Chipley,  Adjutant  Ninth  Ken 
tucky. 

At  Columbus,  Ky. :     John  Chinn,  Co.  H,  Sixth  Kentucky. 

In  Bullitt  County,  Ky. :  Capt.  Jno.  B.  Cundiff,  Co.  C,  Second  Ken 
tucky  (at  Belmont) ;  Abram  Brooks,  First  Kentucky  Cavalry,  near 
Zoneton;  John  Henry  Lee,  Co.  C,  Second  Kentucky:  Wm.  Dawson, 
Stephen  Quick,  Thomas  T.  Lee,  Ben  Chambers,  and  Hardin  Masden, 
Co.  H,  Sixth  Kentucky  (the  six  last  named  are  near  Pitt's  Point). 

Two  and  a  half  miles  from  Chattanooga,  across  the  river :  R.  G. 
Shacklett,  First  Kentucky  Cavalry;  James  Mitchell,  Co.  H,  First 
Kentucky  Cavalry ;  Lieut.  Thos.  Harrison,  First  Kentucky  Cavalry ; 
C.  W.  Love,  Co.  I,  First  Kentucky  Cavalry ;  J.  H.  Anderson,  Co.  A, 
First  Kentucky  Cavalry;  Thos.  Hardaway,  First  Kentucky  Cavalry. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  333 

In  Cave  Hill  Cemetery,  Louisville,  Ky.:  John  Leals,  Co.  B,  Second 
Kentucky;  J.  R.  Ashbrook,  Co.  B,  Second  Kentucky ;  N.  Brown, 
Co.  A,  Fifth  Kentucky;  Vincent  Eastham,  Co.  B,  Fifth  Kentucky; 
James  Tabscott,  Second  Kentucky ;  Joseph  W.  Steele,  Co.  D,  Fourth 
Kentucky;  John  Howe,  Fourth  Kentucky;  John  H.  Haddington, 
Co.  E,  Fourth  Kentucky;  Albert  S.  Smith,  Fourth  Kentucky;  Alex 
ander  H.  Lloyd,  Co.  B,  Sixth  Kentucky;  Phil  Uhrig,  Co.  E,  Sec 
ond  Kentucky;  Matthew  Lewis,  Co.  H,  Ninth  Kentucky;  Joseph 
Cole,  Co.  E,  Fourth  Kentucky;  Cicero  Harris,  Co.  B,  First  Ken 
tucky  Cavalry;  Surgeon  W.  H.  Gait,  First  Kentucky  Cavalry. 

In  private  lots,  same  Cemetery  :  Col.  Phil  Lee,  Second  Kentucky ; 
Charles  L.  Ward,  Co.  D,  Fourth  Kentucky ;  Col.  Thomas  W.  Thomp 
son,  Fourth  Kentucky;  Thomas  Clay,  Ninth  Kentucky;  Capt.  Alex 
ander  Casseday,  Buckner's  Staff;  Henry  Elston,  Ninth  Kentucky; 
Phil  Vacaro,  Ninth  Kentucky ;  Adam  Wayland,  Co.  K,  Second  Ken 
tucky;  David  F.  C.  Weller,  Co.  C,  Second  Kentucky;  Maj.  Clinton 
McClarty,  Breckinridge's  Staff;  Andrew  W.  Randolph,  Co.  B,  Sixth 
Kentucky;  Col.  J.  Russell  Butler,  First  Kentucky  Cavalry;  Geo.  W. 
Ball,  Co.  E,  First  Kentucky  Cavalry;  Wm.  R.  Abbott,  Co.  E,  First 
Kentucky  Cavalry  ;  Julius  Dorn,  Co.  E,  First  Kentucky  Cavalry. 

In  the  Lexington  Cemetery:  Maj. -Gen.  John  C.  Breckinridge ; 
Bng.-Gen.  and  Mrs.  Roger  W.  Hanson;  Col.  Thomas  H.  Hunt, 
Ninth  Kentucky;  Maj.  Joel  Higgins,  Second  Kentucky;  Capt.  Cor 
nelius  M.  Hendricks,  Co.  B,  Second  Kentucky;  Lieut.  Ed  Keene,  Co. 
B,  Second  Kentucky  ;  Dr.  B.  W.  Dudley,  Assistant  Surgeon,  Second 
Kentucky;  Thomas  S.  Stamps,  Co.  B,  Second  Kentucky;  John  W. 
Davis,  Co.  B,  Second  Kentucky;  Lieut.  Henry  M.  Curd,  Co.  H, 
Ninth  Kentucky ;  William  P.  Frazer,  Co.  B,  Second  Kentucky ;  Wal 
ter  G.  Ferguson,  Co.  B,  Second  Kentucky;  Samuel  W.  Garrett,  Co. 
B,  Second  Kentucky;  Chilton  A.  Sandusky,  Co.  F,  Fifth  Kentucky ; 
T.  E.  Thomason,  Co.  B,  Second  Kentucky;  Lieut.  J.  C.  Griffith, 
Co.  B,  Second  Kentucky ;  Mornix  W.  Virden,  Co.  B,  Second  Ken 
tucky ;  J.  Ed  Cromwell,  Co.  B,  Second  Kentucky. 

In  Daviess  County,  Ky.  :  Lieut.  Al  M.  Hathaway,  Co.  K,  Fourth 
Kentucky;  T.  A.  Moreland,  Fourth  Kentucky;  Maj.  George  W.  Trip- 
lett,  First  Kentucky  Cavalry;  W.  H.  Johnson,  Co.  H,  Ninth  Ken 
tucky;  Phil  A.  Pointer,  S.  M.  Dean,  A.  J.  Hawes  and  James  Hath 
away,  these  three  of  Co.  A,  First  Kentucky  Cavalry;  (all  the  preced 
ing  eight  in  the  Elmwood  Cemetery,  Owensboro) ;  Capt.  Wm.  J.  Tay 
lor,  A.  N.  Conyers,  Richard  Ray,  Co.  A,  First  Kentucky  Cavalry, 
(near  Masonville) ;  James  O.  Wilkinson,  Co.  E,  Sixth  Kentucky,  (near 
Habit) ;  S.  D.  Lashbrook,  Co.  A,  First  Kentucky  Cavalry,  (at  Mace 
donia  Church);  P.  J.  Bowles,  Wm.  McBride  and  Elisha  Able,  Co.  A, 


334  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

First  Kentucky  Cavalry,  (at  St.  Lawrence  Church) ;  David  McCune, 
Co.  G,  First  Kentucky  Cavalry,  (near  Gatewood);  Maj.  W.  F.  Hawes, 
first  Captain  of  Co.  D,  First  Kentucky  Cavalry,  afterward  Major  in 
the  Department  of  Subsistence,  (in  the  Catholic  Cemetery,  Owens- 
boro) ;  Nick  Parks,  Frosty  Grooms,  Pat  Monahon, — all  of  Co.  A, 
First  Kentucky  Cavalry,  W.  Harvey  Lober,  Co.  A,  Sixth  Kentucky, 
and  John  Mulligan,  Co.  H,  Sixth  Kentucky,  (particular  place  of 
these  latter  five  not  given);  Lieut.  J.  G.  Taylor.  (Gip),  Co.  F,  First 
Kentucky  Cavalry,  (near  Yelvington). 

In  the  W.  B.  Rogers  burying  ground,  Barren  County,  Ky.  :  George 
Walter  Rogers,  Co.  A,  Fourth  Kentucky,  and  Lieut.  E.  Moses  Smith, 
Co.  F,  Sixth  Kentucky. 

In  Franklin  County,  Alabama:  Capt.  Charles  T.  Noel,  Co.  C,  (after 
ward  Co.  A),  First  Kentucky  Cavalry. 

In  Nelson  County,  Ky. :  John  Ewell,  Co.  A,  First  Kentucky  Cav 
alry,  and  Philip  Troutman,  Co.  H,  Sixth  Kentucky,  (particular  place 
of  these  two  not  given);  Tyler  Wilson  and  Richard  Hart,  Co.  B, 
Ninth  Kentucky,  (in  Bardstown  Cemetery);  Dr.  Al.  Smith,  surgeon 
Fourth  Kentucky,  and  Thomas  Lilly  and  James  Hunter,  Co.  B,  Ninth 
Kentucky,  (in  the  Catholic  Cemetery  at  Bardstown);  James  Burba, 
Co.  B,  Ninth  Kentucky,  (in  the  St.  Thomas  Cemetery);  D.  W.  Holtz- 
houser,  Co.  B,  Ninth  Kentucky,  (in  the  Coleman  Cemetery);  George 
Ambrose,  Co.  B,  Ninth  Kentucky,  (at  Mill  Creek  Church);  John 
Gates,  Co.  B,  Ninth  Kentucky,  (at  St.  Gregory's  Church);  Capt.  Charles 
B.  McClasky,  Lieut.  Charles  Dawson,  and  E.  Darwin  Merrifield,  all  of 
Co.  A,  Sixth  Kentucky,  (at  Bloomfield);  David  Middleton,  Co.  A, 
Sixth  Kentucky,  (at  Big  Spring  Church);  H.  Lynch  Terrill,  Co.  C, 
Second  Kentucky,  (at  Fairfield),  and  Father  Blemill,  Chaplain  Fourth 
Kentucky,  (at  Nazareth). 

At  Eminence,  Ky.;     G.  C.  Sutton,  Cobb's  Battery. 

Near  Jamestown,  Ky.:  J.  C.  Stowers,  ("Chap"),  First  Kentucky 
Cavalry. 

At  Glasgow,  Ky,:  T.  M.  Lackland,  Co.  A,  First  Kentucky 
Cavalry. 

Near  Glasgow,  Ky.:  Col.  Joseph  P.  Nuckols,  Fourth  Kentucky; 
Wm.  H.  Anderson  and  Theodore  Allcock,  Co.  E,  Sixth  Kentucky. 

At  Bowling  Green,  Ky.:  Wm.  Jones  and  J.  McDaniel,  Co.  A, 
First  Kentucky  Cavalry  ;  and  Jesse  McWilliams  and  J.  H.  Durbin, 
Co.  H,  Sixth  Kentucky. 

At  Willow  Branch,  Bracken  County,  Ky.:  Robert  Dunn,  Co.  I, 
Fifth  Kentucky. 

In  Harrison  County,  Ky. :  Capt.  A.  K.  Lair,  Co.  H,  Second  Ken 
tucky  ;  Capt.  W.  T.  Beaseman,  Co.  F,  Second  Kentucky ;  Andrew 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  335 

Thompson,  Co.  I,  Fifth  Kentucky;  Maj.  Ben  Desha,  Ninth  Ken 
tucky  ;  W.  R.  Hoffman,  Co.  I),  Ninth  Kentucky, (all  these  in  Battle 
Grove  Cemetery,  Cynthiana);  Joseph  F.  Cummins,  Co.  I,  Fifth  Ken 
tucky,  (at  Antioch  Mills);  Joseph  Taylor,  Co.  F,  Second  Kentucky, 
(at  Salem  Church);  John  F.  Courtney,  Co.  D,  Ninth  Kentucky,  (at 
White  Oak);  John  C.  Stiers,  Co.  D,  Ninth  Kentucky,  (particular  place 
not  given);  James  Sauls,  Co.  D,  Ninth  Kentucky,  (at  Curry's  Run 
Church.) 

In  Simpson  County,  Ky.:  Capt.  David  C.  Walker,  Philip  Miller, 
John  Meguiar,  Capt.  Samuel  B.  Crewdson,  these  four  of  Co.  I,  Sixth 
Kentucky ;  Finis  Hampton,  John  DeBerry,  W.  T.  Bibb,  George 
Clark,  Erasmus  Hatfield,  these  five  of  the  First  Kentucky  Cavalry, 
(all  these  in  the  Franklin  Cemetery);  Samuel  Wilson,  Sixth  Kentucky, 
(particular  place  not  given). 

In  Logan  County,  Ky.:  John  Smith,  Co.  — ,  Sixth  Kentucky,  (par 
ticular  place  not  given). 

In  Hardin  County,  Ky.  :  Gen.  Ben  Hardin  Helm,  commander  of 
the  brigade,  Samuel  Renner,  Co.  H,  Sixth  Kentucky,  Freeland  Cul- 
ley,  Co.  C,  Second  Kentucky,  (these  three  at  Elizabethtown) ; 
Wm.  Carlisle,  L.  Warren  and  Hercules  Hays,  all  of  Co.  H,  Sixth 
Kentucky,  (particular  places  not  given). 

At  Burnsville,  Miss. :  Capt.  Lee  Harned,  Co.  H,  Sixth  Kentucky. 

At  Vicksburg,  Miss.  :  James  Bohannon,  Co.  H,  Sixth  Kentucky. 

Near  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Ga.  :  Sergt.  Thos.  W.  Cox,  Co.  H,  Sixth 
Kentucky. 

In  Kenton  County,  Ky.  :  Rod  Reynolds,  Co.  H,  Second  Kentucky, 
(removed  from  Donelson  soon  after  the  battle  there ;  particular  place 
not  given). 

At  Carrollton,  Ky.  :  John  G.  Anderson,  Co.  H,  Second  Kentucky, 
(removed  from  Donelson  soon  after  the  battle  there). 

Near  Sadieville,  Ky.:  James  F.  Hedger,  Co.  D,  Ninth  Kentucky. 

In  Scott  County,  Ky.:  George  W.  Drake,  Co.  D,  Ninth  Kentucky 
(on  Lytle's  Fork);  Andrew  J.  Montgomery,  Cobb's  Battery;  John  F. 
M.  Lemon,  Co.  H,  Second  Kentucky;  John  T.  Smarr,  Co.  D,  Ninth 
Kentucky ;  James  Hedger,  Co.  D,  Ninth  Kentucky ;  Gov.  George 
W.Johnson,  Co.  E,  Fourth  Kentucky;  Lieut.  John  T.  Varnon,  Co. 
H,  Second  Kentucky  (removed  from  Catoosa  Springs,  Ga.) ;  John 
Cantrill,  Co.  H,  Second  Kentucky  (removed  from  Camp  Morton,  1862) ; 
Joseph  May,  Co.  D,  Ninth  Kentucky  (these  eight  in  Georgetown 
Cemetery)  ;  James  Wells,  Co.  F,  Second  Kentucky  (in  the  neighbor 
hood  of  Turkeyfoot) ;  Levin  McFarland,  Co.  E,  Fourth  Kentucky ; 
Lieut.  L.  E.  Payne,  Co.  H,  Second  Kentucky  (the  latter  two  at  places 
not  given) ;  Erastus  Fish,  Co.  H,  Second  Kentucky  (on  Little  Eagle) ; 


336  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

Lewis  Gatewood,  Co.  D,  Fourth  Kentucky  (at  Stamping  Ground) ; 
Thomas  Lynn,  Co.  F,  Fifth  Kentucky  (in  the  neighborhood  of  Tur 
key  foot). 

In  Hart  County,  Ky.:  Lieut.  A.  Monroe  Adair,  Co.  D,  Sixth  Ken 
tucky  (near  Hardyville) ;  Hal  B.  Garvin,  Co.  D,  Sixth  Kentucky 
(particular  place  not  given). 

Near  Frankfort,  Ky.:  E.  P.  Mershon,  Co.  E,  Second  Kentucky. 

New  Salem  Church,  Barren  County,  Ky.:  Sergt,  Thomas  Wilson, 
Co.  E,  Sixth  Kentucky. 

Near  Bear  Wallow,  Ky.:  James  T.  Wilson,  Co.  E,  Sixth  Kentucky. 

In  Bourbon  County.  Ky. :  Capt.  John  S.  Hope,  Lieut.  James  A. 
Allen,  Wm.  O.  Hite,  Thomas  York,  LaFayette  Bills,  James  Patton, 
George  M.  Hibler,  and  H.  C.  Richardson,  all  of  Co.  G,  Second 
Kentucky,  in  the  Paris  Cemetery);  R.  Bruce  Champ,  Co.  F,  Second 
Kentucky,  (at  Millersburg);  Ben  F.  Batterton,  Co.  G,  Second  Ken 
tucky,  (at  Ruddle's  Mills);  James  Price,  Co.  F,  Second  Kentucky,  (at 
Centerville);  Adjt.  O.  F.  Payne,  First  Kentucky  Cavalry,  (at  Paris). 

In  Owen  County,  Ky.:  Green  P.  Smith,  Co.  E,  Fifth  Kentucky, 
(near  Jonesville);  and  Capt.  John  N.  Witt,  Co.  C,  First  Kentucky 
Cavalry,  (at  Gratz, — removed  from  Louisville,  Ga.,  after  the  war); 
Thomas  Steger  and  Paschal  Jones,  Co.  D,  Fourth  Kentucky,  (in  the 
neighborhood  of  Poplar  Grove). 

At  Richmond,  Va. :     Col.  Robert  P.  Trabue,  Fourth  Kentucky. 

Near  Zion  Church,  in  Barren  County,  Ky. :  Sergt.  Wm.  J.  Calla- 
han,  Co.  A,  Fourth  Kentucky,  and  Wm.  L.  Witt,  Co.  F,  Sixth  Ken 
tucky. 

At  Covington,  Ky. :  Lieut.  Michael  J.  Campion,  Co.  H,  Second 
Kentucky,  and  Capt.  Wm.  T.  Estep,  A.  Q.  M.,  Second  Kentucky. 

At  Clinton,  Ky.:  Lieut.  Luther  C.  Moss,  Co.  A,  Second  Ken 
tucky. 

In  Oldham  County,  Ky.:  Col.  Jacob  W.  Griffith,  First  Kentucky 
Cavalry,  (near  Floydsburgh);  F.  M.  Crow,  First  Kentucky  Cavalry, 
(near  Floydsburgh);  Wm.  Oliver,  First  Kentucky  Cavalry,  (near 
Floydsburgh);  Paschal  Wilhoite,  First  Kentucky  Cavalry,  (near  Pleas 
ant  Hill  Church);  Joseph  Griffith,  First  Kentucky  Cavalry,  (place  not 
definitely  named). 

At  Anchorage,  Ky. :     Presley  Gaar,  Co.  E,  First  Kentucky  Cavalry. 

In  the  mountains  of  Kentucky  :  William  Russell,  Co.  B,  First  Ken 
tucky  Cavalry. 

At  Pleasant  Valley,  Ky.  :  T.  R.  Griffith,  (old)  Co.  E,  First  Ken 
tucky  Cavalry. 

At  Mt.  Sterling,  Ky.  :  Lieut.  Guy  Flusser,  (old)  Co.  E,  First  Ken 
tucky  Cavalry. 


MONUMENT  TO  OUR  CONFEDERATE  DEAD. 
Louisville. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  337 

In  Webster  County,  Ky.  :  James  Carrico,  Co.  A,  First  Kentucky 
Cavalry. 

In  Henderson  County,  Ky.:  Homer  Hall,  Co.  A,  First  Kentucky 
Cavalry. 

In  Ohio  County,  Ky.  :  William  Nelson,  Co.  A,  First  Kentucky 
Cavalry,  and  at  Hartford,  that  county,  Surgeon  John  Ed  Pendleton, 
Ninth  Kentucky. 

In  Marion  County,  Ky.  :  Dr.  M.  Lewis,  Assistant  Surgeon,  First 
Kentucky  Cavalry. 

At  Fort  Delaware,  (on  Pea-Patch  Island,  Delaware  Bay) ;  J.  M. 
Conyers,  J.  C.  Hardesty  and  Robert  Wood,  Co.  A.  First  Kentucky 
Cavalry. 

At  Camp  Douglass,  111.  :  Ben  Hardesty  and  Pat  Mahon,  Co.  A, 
First  Kentucky  Cavalry ;  James  Sweeney,  Co.  H,  Sixth  Kentucky. 

In  Hillsboro,  Texas) :  Geo.  D.  Robey,  Co.  I,  Sixth  Kentucky. 

At  Austin,  Texas :  Lieut.  Leslie  Waggoner,  Co.  A,  Ninth  Ken 
tucky. 

At  Barnesville,  Ga. :  Wm.  H.  Van  Meter,  Co.  H,  Sixth  Kentucky. 

At  Talladega,  Ala.:  Jas.  E.  Miles,  Co.  B,  First  Kentucky  Cavalry. 

At  Mooresville,  Ala.:  Henry  Simcoe,  (old)  Co.  E,  First  Kentucky 
Cavalry. 

At  Hopkinsville,  Ky.  :  Thomas  G.  Woodward,  Lieutenant-Colonel 
First  Kentucky  Cavalry. 

Near  Louisville,  Ky.  :  Adjt.  Sam  E.  Shipp,  First  Kentucky  Cavalry; 
Sergt.  Guy  Elder,  Co.  E,  First  Kentucky  Cavalry. 

In  Jefferson  County,  Ky.  :  Lieut.  Alonzo  W.  Graham,  Co.  B,  First 
Kentucky  Cavalry ;  Joshua  Speed  Camp,  Co.  B,  First  Kentucky  Cav 
alry,  (on  the  old  Camp  farm);  Minor  G.  Miller,  Co.  B,  First  Kentucky 
Cavalry;  Richard  H.  Isaacs,  (old)  Co.  E,  First  Kentucky  Cavalry. 

Near  Noonday  Church,  Ga.  :  John  Hanlon,  Co.  B,  First  Kentucky 
Cavalry. 

Near  Ringgold,  Ga.  :  Lieut.  Joseph  M.  Yewell,  Co.  A,  First  Ken 
tucky  Cavalry. 

In  Georgia,  (place  not  definitely  stated):  D.  B.  Butler,  E.  Herronr 
D.  W.  McKeg,  P.  W.  Sutton,  John  Taylor,  and  Frank  M.  Thompson, 
all  of  Co.  A,  First  Kentucky  Cavalry. 

In  Tennessee,  (place  not  definitely  named) :  Richard  Stonestreet, 
(old)  Co.  E,  First  Kentucky  Cavalry. 

In  Florida,  (place  not  definitely  stated) :  J.  Anderson,  Co.  A,  First 
Kentucky  Cavalry. 

In  Arkansas,  (place  not  definitely  stated) :  Harman  Hall,  Co.  A, 
First  Kentucky  Cavalry;  at  Little  Rock,  Wm.  P.  Campbell,  First 
Kentucky  Cavalry. 


338  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

In  Sequatchie  Valley,  Tenn.  :  Capt.  Jack  Jones,  Co.  B,  First  Ken 
tucky  Cavalry. 

At  Snake  Creek  Gap,  Ga.  :  Samuel  Walker,  Co.  A,  First  Ken 
tucky  Cavalry. 

At  Marietta,  Ga.  :     R.  H.  Groan,  Co.  B,   First  Kentucky  Cavalry. 

At  Fairfield,  Tenn.  :  John  H.  Beckley,  (old)  Co.  E,  First  Ken 
tucky  Cavalry.  After  the  war  was  removed  to  family  burying  ground, 
near  Eastwood,  Ky. 

Near  Smithville,  N.  C.  :  John  Harris,  Co.  B,  First  Kentucky  Cav 
alry. 

In  a  Southern  State,  (place  not  definitely  stated) :  Richard  Long, 
(old)  Co.  E,  First  Kentucky  Cavalry. 

The  following  members  of  Co.  F,  First  Kentucky  Cavalry,  at  places 
indicated :  John  T.  Clement,  near  Morrison's  Depot,  Tenn. ;  Stephen 
Cromwell,  at  Schopp's  Springs,  Ga.  ;  Hiram  Eddings,  near  Noonday 
Church,  Ga. ;  Wm.  Gough  and  James  Riggs,  at  Tuscumbia,  Ala.  ; 
Wm.  Hedges,  at  Rogersville,  Ala. ;  Matt  Jones  and  Wm.  Retter,  at 
Chattanooga,  Tenn. ;  Peter  Loyal,  on  Rock  Island,  111. ;  George  Mob- 
ley,  at  Spring  Hill,  Tenn.;  and  John  Smoot,  at  McMinnville,  Tenn. 

At  Lawrenceburg  and  elsewhere  in  Anderson  County,  Ky. :  Robt. 
Wooldridge,  G.  G.  Hanks,  Thomas  Tindall,  William  Jett,  Lieut.  S.  J. 
Hanks,  C.  C.  Lillard,  Stephen  S.  Collins,  Ben  F.  Taylor,  W.  H.  Mor 
ton,  John  Farrell,  F.  M.  Robinson,  Capt.  Gus  Dedman,  Oscar  Hack- 
ley, — all  the  above  of  Co.  I,  Second  Kentucky;  Mark  P.  Rucker 
and  L.  F.  Frazier,  Co.  C,  Second  Kentucky;  James  Prather,  Co.  G, 
Sixth  Kentucky;  Scott  Green,  Fifth  Kentucky. 

The  organizing  of  fraternal  associations,  known  as  Confederate 
Veteran  Camps,  began  some  years  ago,  and  at  the  present  writing 
there  are  thirty-seven  of  these  in  Kentucky,  most  of  which  are  mem 
bers  of  the  general  organization  of  the  South,  The  United  Confederate 
Veterans.  To  these  Kentucky  camps  belong  most  of  the  surviving 
soldiers  of  the  five  infantry  regiments,  their  batteries,  and  the  First 
Cavalry,  of  which  this  volume  treats.  They  are  as  given  below.  The 
numbers  are  those  which  they  bear  on  the  register  of  the  general  or 
ganization. 

The  Jno.  B.  Hood  Camp,  233,  Augusta;  theThos.  H.  Hunt,  253, 
Bardstown  ;  the  Adam  Johnson,  376,  Benton;  the  P.  R.  Cleburne, 
252,  Bethel  (Bath  Co.);  the  P.  R.  Cleburne,  143,  Bowling  Green; 
the  Geo.  W.  Cox,  433,  Campton  ;  the  W.  P.  Bramlett,  344,  Carlisle; 
the  Ben  Desha,  99,  Cynthiana;  the  Grigsby,  214,  Danville;  the 
Cofer,  543,  Elizabethtown ;  the  E.  Kirby  Smith,  251,  Eminence;  the 
W.  H.  Ratcliff,  682,  Falmouth;  the  Johnston,  232,  Flemingsburgh  : 
theThos.  B.  Monroe,  188,  Frankfort;  the  David  C.  Walker,  640. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  339 

Franklin;  the  Geo.  W.  Johnson,  98,  Georgetown;  the  Wm.  Preston, 
96,  Harrodsburgh ;  the  Merriwether,  241,  Hopkinsville ;  the  J.  E. 
Rankin,  558,  Henderson;  the  F.  Smith,  769,  LaGrange;  the  Helm, 
101,  Lawrenceburgh ;  the  Confederate  Veteran  Association,  803, 
Louisville;  the  John  C.  Breckinridge  Camp,  100,  Lexington;  the 
Hopkins  County  ex-Confederate  Veteran  Association,  528,  Madison- 
ville  ;  the  Joseph  E.  Johnston  Camp,  442,  Maysville;  the  R.  S.  Cluke, 
201,  Mount  Sterling;  the  Corbin,  683,  Newport;  the  Marshall,  187, 
Nicholasville ;  the  Albert  P.  Thompson,  174,  Paducah;  the  Lloyd 
Tilghman,  463,  Paducah;  the  Jno.  H.  Morgan,  95,  Paris;  the  Jim 
Pearce,  527,  Princeton;  the  T.  B.  Collins,  215,  Richmond;  the  Cald- 
well,  139,  Russellville ;  the  Jno.  H.  Weller,  237,  Shelby ville ;  the 
Abe  Buford,  97,  Versailles;  and  the  Hanson,  186,  Winchester. 

The  objects  of  all  these  associations  are,  briefly:  To  cultivate  social 
relations  among  those  who  were  honorably  engaged  in  the  service  of 
the  Confederate  States ;  to  preserve  the  ties  of  comradeship ;  to  aid 
those  of  their  members  who,  from  disease,  misfortune,  or  the  infirmi 
ties  of  age,  may  become  incapable  of  supporting  their  families;  to  pay 
a  decent  respect  to  the  names  and  to  the  memory  of  those  who  die; 
and  to  see  that  no  worthy  Confederate  shall  ever  become  an  object  of 
public  charity. 


340  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 


CHAPTER  XIX. 

ANNUAL    REUNIONS    OF    THE    BRIGADE. 

The  survivors  of  the  Orphan  Brigade  came  home  in  1865  poor — 
many  of  them  penniless  and  wholly  dependent  upon  their  own  ex 
ertions  to  make  their  way  in  the  world.  Very  many  were  broken  in 
body  by  wounds;  and  the  hard  life  of  four  years  on  the  field  or  in 
prison,  had  told  upon  those  whom  the  engines  of  war  had  spared. 

Their  first  duty  was  to  find  employment,  to  engage  in  avocations 
that  promised  remuneration — to  do  work,  and  to  do  it  as  became 
men  who  had  the  reputation  of  being  men  of  whom  Kentucky  would 
never  need  to  be  ashamed  to  call  citizens,  and  never  be  disappointed 
if  she  relied  on  them  to  do  their  part  in  restoring  right  relations  and 
repairing  the  ravages  of  the  great  conflict. 

How  well  they  have  done  tKese  the  world  knows;  but  what  strug 
gles  it  cost,  the  world  does  not  pause  to  consider.  Though  proud  to 
call  one  another  comrade,  they  lived  and  toiled  in  comparative  ob 
scurity  and  personal  isolation  for  seventeen  years  before  the  engross 
ing  cares  of  business  were  sufficiently  relaxed  to  allow  them  to  plan  a 
meeting  that  each  might  again  shake  the  hands  of  the  others  who  with 
him  had  borne  the  deadly  firelock  or  wielded  the  flashing  blade  on 
many  a  bloody  field — that  all  might  feel  again  the  touch  of  elbow 
which  gave  quiet  assurance  in  battle  that  on  the  right  hand  and  on  the 
left  he  who  went  forward  that  day  would  not  be  forsaken,  however 
dire  the  extremity,  until  death  or  disabling  had  stricken  them  to  the 
earth. 

In  1882,  the  first  preconcerted  and  general  meeting  of  these  men 
took  place.  For  fifteen  years  thereafter  they  were  held  annually,  with 
ever-increasing  interest.  Thomas  D.  Osborne,  one  of  the  brigade's 
"boy"  soldiers,  and  faithful  as  though  he  had  been  old  enough  to 
command  instead  of  earring  a  rifle  and  accoutrements,  has  long  been 
the  Brigade  Secretary,  and  he  suggests  that  a  running  account  (a  sort 
of  resume  of  the  minutes)  of  these  meetings  would  be  a  valuable  ad 
dition  to  a  book  which  is  to  serve  as  a  reference  manual  for  the  old 
soldiers  and  their  offspring  as  long  as  there  are  any  to  take  interest  in 
the  part  played  by  a  few  thousand  of  young  Kentuckians  in  one  of 
the  most  wonderful  struggles  of  any  age  and  any  clime.  His  account 
follows : 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  341 

"  Roman  soldiers  in  triumphal  procession  through  the  streets  of  the 
Imperial  City  were  not  more  royally  received  than  was  the  Orphan 
Brigade  at  its  various  reunions  held,  since  the  war,  throughout  Ken 
tucky,  beginning  with  the  first  reunion  at  Blue  Lick  Springs  in  1882. 

"  These  great  occasions  followed  every  year,  each  city  and  town 
trying  to  surpass  its  predecessor  with  its  widespread  welcome.  Other 
soldiers  and  visitors  attended  by  the  thousands,  until  the  few  hundred 
members  of  the  Orphan  Brigade  were  almost  overwhelmed. 

"On  the  2oth  of  July,  1882,  the  first  reunion  was  held.  The  vet 
erans  met  on  the  grounds  of  the  Arlington  Hotel. 

"At  ten  o'clock  the  bugle  call  resounded.  The  bugle  used  has  a 
history.  It  was  captured  at  Harts ville,  Tenn.,  by  Jno.  W.  Payne, 
Chief  Bugler  of  the  Second  Kentucky  Regiment.  Engraved  on  its  bat 
tered  sides  are  the  noted  battles  it  went  through  :  Stone  River,  Chick- 
amauga,  Mission  Ridge  and  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  etc.  Sixty  of  the  Ken 
tucky  Brigade  and  fifteen  from  other  commands  responded  to  their 
names.  The  meeting  was  opened  with  prayer  by  the  Rev.  Jos.  Desha 
Pickett,  chaplain  of  the  brigade.  Maj.  Hervey  McDowell  was  elected 
chairman,  and  Capt.  John  H.  Weller,  of  Louisville,  secretary.  A  mo 
tion  was  made  that  the  brigade  attend  in  a  body  the  historic  battlefield 
of  the  Blue  Licks,  about  a  mile  from  the  Springs. 

"Among  those  present  were  Capt.  W.  E.  Bell,  of  Lawrenceburg; 
Charles  Herbst,  Librarian  of  Macon,  Ga.,  who  had  with  him  a  scrap- 
book,  containing  remnants  from  the  Confederate  flags  of  the  Second, 
Fourth,  Fifth,  Sixth,  Seventh,  Eighth,  Ninth  and  Tenth  Georgia 
Regiments  and  many  others;  Virgil  Hewitt,  of  Frankfort;  Capt.  Hugh 
Henry,  Paris;  Capt.  Wm.  T.  Beaseman,  Cynthiana;  Lieut.  L.  D. 
Young,  Plum  Creek;  Jos.  Desha  Pickett,  Frankfort;  Capt.  Dan  Tur- 
ney,  Blue  Licks;  Squire  H.  Bush,  Sixth  Kentucky;  Dr.  A.  J.  Beall, 
Ninth  Kentucky,  and  Wm.  L.  Jett,  Fourth  Kentucky. 

"The  Secretary  furnished  to  the  author  of  the  old  History  of  the 
First  Kentucky  (or  Orphan)  Brigade,  (published  in  1868),  a  copy  of 
part  of  the  minutes  of  that  meeting  which  recorded  the  sense  of  the 
assembled  veterans.  He  was  then  a  resident  of  Arkansas,  and  of  course 
this  greeting  from  those  whose  names  and  deeds  he  had  tried  to  pre 
serve,  and  whom  he  could  not  forget,  though  seas  might  separate, 
touched  him  peculiarly.  The  following  is  the  copy  alluded  to : 

'BLUE  LICK  SPRINGS,  KY., 
July  20,   1862. 

'  At  a  meeting  of  the  surviving  members  of  the  First  Kentucky 
Brigade  held  here  to  day,  on  motion  a  committee  consisting  of  Judge 
W.  L.  Jett,  Fourth  Kentucky;  Capt.  W.  Ed  Bell,  Second  Kentucky ; 


342  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

S.  H.  Bush,  Sixth  Kentucky;  Judge  J.  W.  Green,  Fifth  Kentucky j 
and  Dr.  A.  J.  Beall,  Ninth  Kentucky,  were  appointed  to  draft  reso 
lutions  expressing  the  sense  of  the  meeting  relative  to  Capt.  Ed 
Porter  Thompson,  concerning  the  history  of  the  First  Kentucky  Bri 
gade  as  written  by  him. 

'  Said  committee  made  the  following  report,  which  was  unanimously 
adopted  : 

'  WHEREAS,  Our  esteemed  friend  and  comrade,  Capt.  Ed  Porter 
Thompson,  of  the  Sixth  Kentucky,  has  evinced  his  devotion  to  the 
First  Kentucky  Brigade  by  writing  a  history  of  the  same,  and  has  pre 
served  the  name  and  deeds  of  each  member  in  a  manner  most  remark 
able,  and, 

'  WHEREAS,  By  this  labor  on  his  part,  he  underwent  sacrifices  and 
clung  to  his  work  with  a  patriotic  zeal,  known  only  as  his  own ;  there 
fore,  be  it 

'  Resolved,  by  the  members  of  the  First  Kentucky  Brigade  here  as 
sembled,  that  our  thanks  are  due  to  him  for  the  valuable  services 
rendered;  and  we  hereby  tender  to  Capt.  Edwin  Porter  Thompson 
our  gratitude  for  the  patient  care  he  used  in  the  record  of  the  move 
ments  and  the  muster-roll  of  the  soldiers  of  our  beloved  "Orphan 
Brigade." 

'  Resolved,  That  the  secretary  of  this  meeting  transmit  a  copy  of 
these  resolutions  to  Capt.  Thompson. 

'W.  L.  JETT,  Chairman.' 

'  From  the  minutes. 
(Attest.)         'JNO.   H.  WELLER,  Sec'y.' 

"  The  second  reunion  was  held  at  Lexington,  September  5th,  1883. 
Nearly  two  hundred  survivors  were  present.  After  dinner  they 
marched  in  a  body  to  Masonic  Hall,  where  they  met  ex-Gov.  Luke  P. 
Blackburn  and  his  party,  who  had  come  from  the  inaugural  scene  at 
Frankfort,  and  were  escorted  by  the  Lexington  Guards.  Gen. 
William  Preston  delivered  the  welcome  address,  followed  by  Gen. 
Joseph  H.  Lewis,  Gen.  Simon  Bolivar  Buckner,  and  the  Rev.  Joseph 
Desha  Pickett. 

"  At  a  business  meeting  Col.  Hervey  McDowell  was  elected  presi 
dent,  and  Capt.  W.  Edward  Bell,  of  Lawrenceburg,  secretary.  It 
was  determined  to  solicit  subscriptions  to  erect  a  monument  to  Generals 
Helm  and  Hanson. 

"  The  command  then  visited  the  graves  of  Hanson,  Breckinridge, 
Morgan,  and  other  distinguished  Confederates  whose  remains  are  in 
terred  in  the  cemetery  there. 

"Gen.  Preston  made  an  eloquent  address  on  the  life  of  Hanson, 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  343 

and  after  prayer  by  Rev.  Joseph  Desha  Pickett,  the  command  dis 
banded  to  meet  at  Elizabethtown,  September  19,  1884. 

"  The  meeting  at  Elizabethtown  (September  2oth,  1884),  (the  third 
one),  was  the  largest  since  the  war — several  Federal  soldiers  being  pres 
ent  also. 

"  In  the  afternoon  the  brigade  was  formed  by  Gen.  Lewis  to  escort 
the  remains  of  Gen.  Helm  to  Helm  Place  for  interment,  after  which 
the  veterans  proceeded  to  a  neighboring  grove,  where  addresses  were 
delivered  by  Col.  J.  P.  Nuckols,  Generals  Buckner  and  Lewis  and 
Gov.  Knott. 

"  On  their  return  to  town  they  marched  to  the  cemetery  to  visit  the 
grave  of  Judge  Martin  Hardin  Gofer,  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  Sixth 
Kentucky,  (Chief  Justice  of  Kentucky  at  his  death). 

"At  the  night  session,  Col.  John  W.  Caldwell,  of  Russellville, 
was  elected  president,  and  John  A.  Murray,  of  Glasgow,  secretary. 
The  First  Kentucky  Cavalry  was  elected  to  brigade  membership. 
Glasgow,  (August,  1885),  were  made  the  time  and  place  of  next  meet 
ing.  Col.  Bennett  H.  Young,  President  of  the  Louisville  Exposition, 
invited  the  brigade  to  visit  it. 

"  The  fourth  reunion  was  held  accordingly,  August  1 9th,  1885.  The 
people  of  Glasgow  and  for  miles  around,  gave  the  veterans  a  royal 
welcome.  The  special  train  bringing  those  from  Louisville  and  points 
along  the  road  was  met  by  an  escort  composed  of  the  Nuckols  Guards 
and  a  mounted  squadron  of  '  Morgan's  men.'  All  marched  to  the 
courthouse,  where  they  were  welcomed  by  Maj.  W.  H.  Botts.  Gen 
erals  Buckner  and  Preston  responded.  A  most  interesting  business 
meeting  was  called  to  order  by  Col.  John  W.  Caldwell. 

Cynthiana  was  selected  as  the  next  place  of  meeting,  Capt.  Joe 
Desha,  president,  and  John  T.  Hogg,  secretary,  for  the  ensuing  year. 

"  A  banquet  and  ball  a  concluded  the  exercises  of  the  occasion. 

"The  fifth  annual  reunion  was  held  at  Cynthiana,  August  i8th, 
1886.  Five  thousand  people  filled  this  town  to-day  to  see  the  Orphan 
Brigade,  which  after  a  march  met  in  the  Opera  House.  Called  to  or 
der  by  the  President,  Capt.  Jo  Desha,  and  prayer  by  Rev.  Jos.  Desha 
Pickett,  the  command  and  visitors  were  welcomed  by  Capt.  W.  H. 
Ratcliffe,  of  Cynthiana.  Gen.  Jos.  H.  Lewis  responded  in  behalf  of 
the  brigade.  Short  speeches  appropriate  to  the  occasion  were  made  by 
Gen.  Wm.  Preston,  Gov.  C.  W.  West,  of  Utah,  Col.  W.  C.  P.  Breck- 
inridge,  and  Col.  Polk  Johnson. 

"After  roll-call,  it  was  resolved,  on  motion  of  J.  A.  Murray,  that 
Willis  L.  Ringo  be  designated  Permanent  Secretary  of  the  Association, 
and  a  sum  be  raised  to  provide  a  permanent  Record-book  containing 
the  names,  post-office  address,  and  occupations  of  all  the  survivors  of 


344  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

the  brigade — the  minutes  of  each  meeting  to  be  printed  for  distribu 
tion.  Thirty  and  80-100  dollars  was  thereupon  contributed  for  these 
purposes.  A  committee,  composed  of  Chas.  Herbst,  Capt.  Hugh 
Henry,  Capt.  J.  T.  Gaines,  Capt.  Thos.  G.  Page,  Col.  J.  C.  Wickliffe, 
and  Col.  E.  Polk  Johnson,  selected  Bardstown,  August  i8th,  1887,  as 
the  time  and  place  of  next  meeting. 

"  It  was  resolved  that  a  thirty-day  notice  of  the  reunion  be  sent  each 
survivor. 

"The  exercises  of  the  occasion  were  concluded  by  a  splendid  ban 
quet  at  night,  and  many  stirring  reminiscent  speeches  in  response  to 
toasts. 

"At  Bardstown,  sixth  reunion,  August  ipth,  1887,  Col.  Cripps 
Wickliffe,  with  an  admirable  reception  committee,  welcomed  the  vast 
multitude  of  visitors.  Gen.  S.  B.  Buckner,  Gen.  Jos.  H.  Lewis,  Col. 
J.  C.  Wickliffe  and  Chaplain  Jos.  Desha  Pickett,  mounted,  headed  a 
procession  composed  of  veterans  with  their  wives,  daughters  and 
friends,  and  marched  to  the  ancient  Bardstown  Cemetery,  where,  with 
flowers  given  them  by  children  at  the  gate,  they  broke  ranks  and  dec 
orated  the  graves  of  the  Confederate  dead.  Proceeding  to  the  campus 
of  St.  Joseph  College,  Col.  Wickliffe  introduced  Judge  Fulton,  who 
delivered  the  address  of  welcome,  to  which  Gen.  Lewis  responded. 
He  was  followed  by  Gen.  Buckner. 

"  At  3  P.  M.  a  business  meeting  was  held,  Col.  J.  C.  Wickliffe  pre 
siding,  with  Wm.  Ambrose,  Secretary. 

"  At  the  banquet  at  night  an  address  was  delivered  by  Col.  E.  Polk 
Johnson  on  Gen.  Ben  Hardin  Helm  ;  and  a  toast  was  responded  to  by 
Capt.  Thomas  Speed,  a  Federal  soldier. 

"  At  7  A.  M.  a  special  train  carried  the  warriors  home  from  the  most 
successful  meeting  they  had  ever  held. 

"On  the  occasion  of  the  seventh  reunion  (September  26,  1888,) 
Frankfort  was  filled  with  the  veterans  and  their  friends.  A  meeting 
held  in  the  Opera-house  was  called  to  order  by  Gen.  Lewis,  prayer 
was  offered  by  Rev.  H.  H.  Kavanaugh,  Chaplain  of  the  Sixth  Ken 
tucky,  and  the  Hon.  Ira  Julian  welcomed  the  soldiers  in  an  eloquent 
address.  The  response  was  made  by  Gen.  Lewis.  After  the  roll-call 
the  President  introduced  Col.  W.  C.  P.  Breckinridge,  who  .delivered 
a  splendid  eulogy  on  the  life  and  character  of  Gen.  Wm.  Preston. 

"  Lieut.  Willis  L.  Ringo  made  a  report  for  the  committee  appointed 
to  look  after  removing  the  scattered  and  isolated  remains  of  comrades, 
which  showed  that  the  committee  had  well  performed,  the  duty  as 
signed. 

"  At  3  P.  M.  the  brigade  and  visiting  comrades  marched  in  procession 
to  the  cemetery  and  reinterred  the  remains  of  Col.  Jas.  W.  Moss; 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  345 

and  then  visited  the  newly-made  graves  of  comrades  brought  from 
Chickamauga,  where,  after  brief  services  conducted  by  Elder  Jos. 
Desha  Pickett  and  Rev.  G.  B.  Overton,  the  graves  of  all  our  dead 
were  decorated.  They  then  returned  to  the  Opera-house,  and  Col. 
John  W.  Caldwell  delivered  an  address  on  the  lives  and  characters  of 
Col.  Jas.  W.  Moss  and  Maj.  Rice  E.  Graves. 

"  Jno.  A.  Murray  introduced  a  resolution  constituting  Gen.  Jos.  H. 
Lewis  and  Willis  L.  Ringo  a  committee  to  raise  money  and  superin 
tend  the  removal  of  the  remains  of  other  deceased  comrades,  from 
the  Southern  battlefields  and  reinter  them  at  Frankfort. 

"  After  the  usual  resolution  of  thanks  for  the  manner  in  which  all 
visitors  had  been  entertained,  the  meeting  adjourned,  to  meet  at  Louis 
ville,  September  18,  1889. 

"  A  reception  given  by  Gov.  and  Mrs.  Buckner  and  a  ball  con 
cluded  the  occasion. 

"At  the  eighth  reunion,  (Louisville,  September  i8th,  1889,)  all 
parts  of  the  State  were  well  represented. 

"  The  morning  was  given  up  to  informal  meeting,  greeting,  and 
conversation.  At  noon  the  address  of  welcome  was  made  by  Mayor 
Chas.  D.  Jacob,  which  elicited  a  ringing  response  from  Maj.  Clinton 
McClarty.  After  repeated  calls,  Gen.  Wm.  B.  Bate,  of  Tennessee, 
spoke  eloquently  and  at  length. 

"  In  the  afternoon,  after  appointing  a  committee  on  time  and  place 
for  next  meeting,  resolutions  of  regret  were  passed  on  the  death  of 
Mrs.  Virginia  Hanson. 

''Lieut.  Willis  L.  Ringo,  reported  on  behalf  of  the  committee  ap 
pointed  for  the  removal  of  comrades'  remains,  showing  a  need  of  $100 
more.  A  collection  was  taken  and  $145.18  given,  that  all  expenses 
might  be  fully  met. 

"The  present  officers  were  reelected;  and  on  motion  of  Capt.  W. 
K.  Bell,  of  Lawrenceburg,  a  unanimous  vote  of  thanks  was  extended 
Louisville  for  her  handsome  hospitality.  Senator  J.  C.  S.  Blackburn, 
who  had  served  on  Gen.  Wm.  Preston's  staff,  was  uproariously  called 
tor  and  spoke  amid  cheers.  At  the  close  of  his  remarks  the  body  ad 
journed  to  meet  at  eight  P.  M.  at  the  armory  for  the  banquet,  with 
which  the  reunion  ended. 

"  Every  home  in  and  near  Lawrenceburg  was  open  to  receive  the 
soldiers  as  they  met  in  the  ninth  reunion  of  the  Orphan  Brigade,  Sep 
tember  3d,  1890.  At  ii  A.  M.,  on  the  fair  grounds,  Chaplain  Kava- 
naugh,  Sixth  Kentucky  Infantry,  opened  with  prayer.  Judge  W.  H. 
Bickers  welcomed  the  soldiers.  The  response  was  delivered  by  Col. 
K.  Polk  Johnson,  of  Helm's  regiment,  First  Kentucky  Cavalry.  Judge 


346  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

William  Lindsay,  of  Frankfort,  was  then  introduced,  and  entertained 
the  audience  with  an  able  and  interesting  address. 

"After  dinner  a  business  meeting  was  held,  Gen.  Jos.  H.  Lewis 
presiding,  Hon.  Willis  L.  Ringo,  secretary.  An  invitation  of  Owens- 
boro  was  accepted;  officers  were  elected,  and  speeches  were  made  by 
Col.  Bennett  H.  Young  and  Gen.  Buckner. 

"At  the  close  of  the  speaking  Gen.  Lewis  had  all  the  veterans  to 
form  in  a  semi-circle  while  he  walked  around  to  take  a  good  look  at 
them.  There  were  only  147  in  the  group.  It  was  an  affecting  scene. 
Following  this  there  was  a  splendid  drill  by  the  Buckner  Rifles  and 
the  cadets  from  the  Kentucky  Military  Institute.  The  day  closed 
with  a  grand  hop  at  the  hotel. 

"The  tenth  reunion,  (Owensboro,  September  9,  1891,)  was  a  mem 
orable  one  in  the  history  of  that  city  and  of  the  brigade.  Several  hun 
dred  members  and  visiting  soldiers  from  a  distance  were  in  attendance. 
By  8  A.  M.  the  streets  were  lined  with  people  waiting  to  view  the  pro 
cession  as  it  filed  out  to  the  fair  grounds,  where  Capt.  W.  T.  Ellis  in  an 
eloquent  address  gave  the  old  soldiers  a  Kentucky  welcome.  He  was 
followed  by  Col.  Jno.  H.  Caldwell. 

"At  the  brigade  business  meeting,  Gen.  Joseph  H.  Lewis  was  re- 
elected  president,  and  Thos.  D.  Osborne,  Co.  A,  Sixth  Kentucky  In 
fantry,  was  elected  secretary. 

"The  reception  given  the  veterans  and  their  friends  was  enthusiastic, 
and  surpassed  what  was  expected  of  even  that  hospitable  city  and  the 
warm-hearted  people  of  its  county. 

"  It  was  said  of  Paris  on  the  occasion  of  the  Orphan  Brigade's  meet 
ing  there,  (September  28th,  1892,)  that  never  before  was  there  such  a 
crowd  in  the  city.  Everybody  came,  from  everywhere,  to  welcome 
these  men  now  assembled  at  the  capital  of  Bourbon  County,  which 
had  contributed  so  many  to  their  ranks  in  the  stirring  days  of  1861  and 
lost  so  many  before  the  end  came. 

"  Marching  to  the  fair  grounds,  while  cannon  boomed,  reminding 
them  of  the  many  fields  on  which  they  had  heard  the  roar  and  crash  of 
artillery,  great  and  small,  Mayor  Chambers  and  Judge  Vaughn  wel 
comed  them  to  Paris  in  able  and  eloquent  speeches,  and  to  this  double 
welcome  Col.  W.  L.  Clarke,  Sixth  Kentucky,  responded  handsomely. 

"A  letter  from  Rev.  Dr.  Jos.  Desha  Pickett  was  read,  in  which  he 
expressed  his  regret  at  not  being  present,  and  paid  a  touching  tribute 
to  the  memory  of  Chaplain  H.  H.  Kavanaugh,  lately  deceased. 

"At  the  business  session  Gen.  Lewis  was  reelected  president  and 
Thos.  D.  Osborne  was  reelected  secretary. 

"  The  brigade  and  visiting  soldiers  of  other  commands  were  mag- 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  34T 

nificently  entertained,  in  every  way  that  kindness  and  good-fellowship 
could  suggest,  by  that  warm-hearted  and  hospitable  people. 

"On  the  occasion  of  the  twelfth  reunion  (at  Versailles,  September 
28th,  1893),  more  than  three  thousand  strangers  visited  that  city.  On 
the  march  to  the  fair  grounds,  the  veterans,  preceded  by  their  field 
officers  on  horseback,  were  joined  in  line  by  the  Lexington,  George 
town,  and  Versailles  companies  of  the  State  Guard,  and  by  the  local 
Knights  of  Pythias.  After  prayer  by  the  Rev.  Wm.  Stanley,  captain 
of  Co.  G,  Sixth  Kentucky  Infantry,  Senator  J.  C.  S.  Blackburn,  in 
iiis  now  celebrated  suit  of  Confederate  jeans,  delivered  the  address 
of  welcome.  Col.  Jno.  B.  Caldwell,  introduced  to  the  audience 
largely  composed  of  strangers,  by  Gen.  B.  W.  Duke,  responded  in 
behalf  of  the  brigade.  Col.  Caldwell  is  the  only  man  now  living  ex 
cept  Gen.  Lewis,  who  commanded  the  Orphan  Brigade  on  a  march  or 
in  battle. 

:' After  the  splendid  dinner  was  partaken  of,  Gen.  Duke  made  an 
address  in  his  usual  able  and  entertaining  manner. 

"  At  the  business  meeting,  Gen.  Lewis  was  reelected  president,  and 
Thos.  D.  Osborne  was  reelected  secretary.  The  proposition  to  raise  by 
subscription,  among  the  living  members  of  the  brigade,  for  the  purpose 
:>f  erecting  a  monument  to  the  memory  of  Gen.  and  Mrs.  Roger  W. 
I  lanson,  was  discussed,  and  the  matter  was  intrusted  to  a  committee, 
nstructed  to  proceed  at  once  with  the  work  and  report  at  the  next 
meeting.  The  committee  was  as  follows:  Capt.  Ed  F.  Spears,  Sec 
ond  Kentucky,  (chairman);  Capt.  John  H.  Weller,  Fourth  Kentucky; 
Capt.  Jo  Desha,  Fifth  Kentucky;  Capt.  Ed  Porter  Thompson,  Sixth 
Kentucky;  Sergt.-Maj.  John  W.  Green,  Ninth  Kentucky;  and  Col. 
E.  Polk  Johnson,  First  Kentucky  Cavalry.* 

' '  A  camp-fire  on  the  fair  grounds  at  night  and  a  ball  at  the  opera 
house  concluded  the  occasion. 

"At  the  thirteenth  reunion,  (Russellville,  September  4,  1894,) 
nearly  every  county  in  Kentucky  was  represented  by  soldiers  or  citi 
zens,  and  many  came  from  Tennessee  and. other  States. 

11  The  brigade  and  visiting  soldiers  were  marched,  under  lead  of 
Gen.  Lewis,  to  the  campus  of  Bethel  College,  where  eight  thousand 
people  listened  to  the  exercises,  which  were  begun  with  prayer  by 
President  W.  S.  Ryland,  of  Bethel.  A  choir  of  beautiful  young 
women  sang  '  The  Bonnie  Blue  Flag,'  after  which  Col.  Caldwell 
made  the  speech  of  welcome,  to  which  the  Rev.  G.  B.  Overton,  on 
behalf  of  the  brigade,  responded,  following  which  Miss  Juliette  Odam, 
of  Austin,  Texas,  sang  '  The  Conquered  Banner.' 

*The  monument  was  built,  as  a  result  of  this  action.  See  sketch  of  Gen. 
Hun  son. 


348  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

"  After  dinner,  (a  great  barbecue,  served  in  CaldwelFs  grove,)  Gen. 
John  B.  Gordon,  the  famous  Georgia  soldier  and  statesman,  introduced 
by  Gen.  Buckner,  made  a  thrilling  speech,  which  elicited  great  ap 
plause.  Col.  Bennett  H.  Young  followed  with  a  glowing  tribute 
to  the  women  of  the  South. 

"  At  the  business  meeting,  Gen.  Lewis  and  Thomas  D.  Osborne 
were  reflected  president  and  secretary  respectively ;  and  the  following 
committees  were  appointed :  — 

"On  organization:  J.  P.  Bernard,  Hervey  McDowell,  Joe  Vin 
cent,  David  E.  Walker,  Lot  D.  Young,  and  J.  T.  Gaines. 

"  On  time  and  place  of  next  meeting  :  John  L.  Stout,  Norborne  G. 
Gray,  John  H.  Grain,  John  H.  Walker,  and  Wm.  Wallace  Hen. 
Gen.  Fayette  Hewitt  reported  that  the  graves  of  our  men  in  Frankfort 
had  been  marked  by  suitable  headstones  in  accordance  with  instruc 
tions  to  the  removal  committee,  (Hewitt,  Ringo,  and  Wickliffe). 

"Bowling  Green  was  named  by  committee  as  above  as  place  of 
next  meeting — the  time  to  be  specified  subsequently. 

"  Ed  Porter  Thompson  was  elected  historian  of  the  command,  and 
a  resolution  was  passed  requesting  him  to  revise  the  former  History  of 
the  Brigade,  and  republish,  including  that  of  the  adopted  member, 
First  Kentucky  Cavalry. 

"  Capt.  Spears,  chairman  of  the  Hanson  Monument  Committee,  re 
ported  progress,  and  as  sufficient  funds  had  not  been  paid  in,  some 
contributions  were  made  by  members  present 

"  A  list  of  comrades  who  had  died  was  read,  after  which  the  meet 
ing  adjourned. 

"  To-day  (September  26,  1895),  where  thirty-four  years  ago  the 
Orphan  Brigade  slept  in  the  Bowling  Green  courthouse  yard,  the  rem 
nant  gathered  in  their  fourteenth  reunion,  and  six  thousand  people 
participated  in  the  warm  county  welcome,  the  speech  being  by  Gen. 
W.  F.  Perry  and  responded  to  by  Jno.  S.  Jackman  and  Gen.  Buckner. 
These  exercises  were  followed  by  a  grand  barbecue  banquet,  attended 
by  20,000  people. 

"  At  the  business  meeting  the  former  officers  were  reflected.  The 
Women's  Confederate  Monument  Association  was  warmly  thankrd 
and  $100  was  donated  to  assist  in  carrying  out  their  purpose. 

"The  death-roll  was  40  per  cent,  more  than  that  of  last  year,  which 
was  50  per  cent,  more  than  the  preceding  year. 

' '  By  a  unanimous  vote  Walter  N.  Haldeman  was  elected  an  hon 
orary  member  of  the  Brigade  Association. 

"Tennessee,  through  S.  A.  Cunningham,  editor  of  the  Confederate 
Veteran,  invited  the  Brigade  to  hold  its  next  meeting  at  Nashville. 

' '  In  view  of  the  great  death  rate  a  standing  committee  on  Necrol- 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  34» 

ogy  was  appointed,  to  consist  of  Gen.  Fayette  Hewitt,  Col.  Jno.  C. 
Wickliffe,  Capt.  John  H.  Weller,  Thos.  D.  Osborne,  and  Lieut.  Robt. 
Tyler. 

"Morgan's  command  and  all  other  Confederate  soldiers  in  Ken 
tucky  were  admitted  to  membership. 

"John  A.  Murray,  Jas.  Vaughn,  E.  B.  Ross,  Jack  Lewis,  J.  M. 
Arnold,  and  S.  H.  Buchanan  were  appointed  to  arrange  for  next 
meeting. 

"  The  usual  vote  of  thanks  was  given  the  people  of  Bowling  Green 
and  Warren  County. 

"There  were  several  songs  and  recitations  admirably  rendered. 
It  is  said  that  there  was  never  before  such  a  crowd  in  Warren 
County. 

"The  fifteenth  reunion  took  place  in  Nashville,  Tenn.,  October 
i4th  and  i5th,  1896.  It  was  held  in  connection  with  that  of  the  Ten 
nessee  Confederate  Veterans,  and  is  remembered  as  a  great  and  happy 
occasion. 

"  Miss  Mary  L.  Morris,  introduced  by  Col.  Thomas  Claibourne, 
\velcomed  the  soldiers.  Gen.  Lewis  responded  to  her  tender  and 
touching  address. 

"  On  Thursday  there  was  a  parade  through  the  principal  streets  of 
t  le  city  and  out  to  the  Cumberland  Park,  under  lead  of  Capt.  Joe  B. 
O'Brien,  officer  of  the  day.  The  Rev.  R.  Linn  Cave  prayed,  and 
then  spoke  with  great  feeling.  He  was  followed  by  Capt.  John  H. 
Weller  and  Col.  Hiram  Hawkins,  both  of  the  Orphan  Brigade.  Then 
followed  Prof.  Wharton,  of  Nashville  (on  the  Confederate  Navy),  as 
al>o  did  Col.  J.  J.  Turner,  of  Gallatin,  Tenn.,  and  Dr.  Monees,  Su 
pervisor  of  Confederate  Hospitals. 

At  the  business  meeting  Gen.  Lewis,  last  commander  of  the  bri 
gade,  presided,  and  Secretary  Thomas  D.  Osborne  was  at  his  desk. 

"Gen.  Fayette  Hewitt  announced  the  death  of  Lieut.-Col.  Joseph 
P.  Nuckols,  Fourth  Kentucky,  and  of  Surgeon  Jno.  Ed  Pendleton, 
Ninth  Kentucky.  Capt.  John  H.  Weller  offered  a  resolution  recom 
mending  Capt.  Ed  Porter  Thompson's  new  edition  of  the  History  of 
the  First  Kentucky  Brigade. 

"Resolutions  of  thanks  were  offered  by  Sergt.  S.  H.  Bush  and  Thos. 
D.  Osborne  to  the  Frank  Cheatham  Bivouac,  the  citizens  of  Nashville, 
(e-pecially  the  ladies,)  and  to  S.  A.  Cunningham  for  the  beautiful  sou 
venir  badges,  and  recommending  his  magazine,  The  Confederate  Vet 
eran. 

"  Gen.  Lewis  and  Thos.  D.  Osborne  were  reflected  president  and 
secretary,  respectively. 

"Gen.  Lewis  announced  the  adjournment,  and  the  Orphans  took 


350  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

leave  of  their  generous  entertainers  with  cordial  hand-shakings  and  the 
warmest  expressions  of  good  will. 

"Invitations  for  1897  were  not  accepted  at  the  time,  no  arrange 
ments  were  subsequently  made,  and  since  the  Nashville  occasion  there 
has  been  no  meeting  to  this  date,  (April,  1898)." 


MONUMENT  TO  BRIG.-GKN.  AND   MRS.  ROGER   W.  HANSON. 

Lexington. 


PART  II. 
SPECIAL  DEPARTMENT  OF  BIOGRAPHY. 


LIEUT.-GEN.  S.  B.  BUCKNER. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  353 


LIEUT.-GEN.   S.  B.   BUCKNER. 

Simon  Bolivar  Buckner,  son  of  Aylett  and  Elizabeth  A.  (Morehead) 
Buckner,  was  born  in  Hart  County,  Kentucky,  April  i,  1823.  His 
father  was  descended  from  the  Buckners  of  England,  some  members 
of  which  were  among  the  early  colonists  who  settled  Gloucester, 
Caroline,  Essex,  and  York  counties,  Virginia.  The  immediate  pro 
genitors  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch  came  nearly  a  century  ago  to 
Kentucky,  and  settled  in  the  Green  River  country.  His  mother  was 
of  the  Morehead  family  of  Virginia,  other  descendants  of  which  are 
found  in  various  parts  of  this  State.  She  was  the  daughter  of  Turner 
II.  Morehead,  of  the  Revolutionary  army,  and  cousin  to  James  P. 
Morehead,  Governor  of  Kentucky,  1834-6,  and  a  relative  to  Charles 
S.  Morehead,  who  was  Governor,  1856-9.  Gov.  Buckner,  it  will 
be  seen,  was  the  third  of  the  family  to  occupy  the  gubernatorial 
c  lair. 

He  was  reared  on  the  farm,  attending  Kentucky  schools  at  intervals 
daring  the  eight  or  ten  years  preceding  1840,  when  he  entered  the 
Vest  Point  Military  Academy.  Here,  during  the  four  years,  he  was 
associated  with  many  who  afterward  distinguished  themselves  in  the 
frontier  wars,  the  Mexican  and  Civil  wars,  rose  to  high  rank  and  at 
tained  to  national  renown.  Prominent  among  these  were  Newton, 
Rosecrans,  Gustavus  W.  Smith,  Doubleday,  Longstreet,  Franklin, 
Augur,  Pleasanton,  Hancock,  Porter,  McClellan,  Fry,  and  Burnside. 
Graduating  in  1844,  he  was  assigned  to  the  Second  Infantry,  with  the 
rank  of  brevet  second  lieutenant;  served  one  year  on  garrison  duty 
at  Scott's  Harbor;  was  called  from  this  to  West  Point  as  Assistant 
Professor  of  Ethics;  was  relieved  at  his  own  request,  to  enter  into 
active  service  in  Mexico;  engaged  in  the  operations  of  the  Army  of 
Occupation  at  Matamoras,  Monclava,  and  Paras,  and  was  promoted 
to  second  lieutenant  in  the  Sixth  Infantry.  In  1846,  the  Sixth  Regi 
ment  joined  Gen.  Taylor  at  Saltillo;  in  January,  1847,  he  was  sent  to 
Vera  Cruz,  where  he  landed  with  Worth's  division  and  partook  of  the 
dangers  and  duties  of  the  siege. 

( )n  the  march  to  the  Mexican  capital,  he  fought  at  Cerro  Gordo, 
Coutreras,  and  Churubusco;  was  brevetted  first  lieutenant  for  gallant 
and  meritorious  conduct  in  the  last  two  battles,  but  declined  the  honor 
because  his  regiment  was  not  really  on  the  ground  at  Contreras.  He 
accepted  it,  however,  for  heroic  behavior  at  Churubusco,  where  he 

-  3 


354  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

was  slightly  wounded.  Fought  at  Molino  del  Rey,  Chepultepec,  and 
at  the  Belen  Gate ;  was  brevetted  captain  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
conduct  at  Molino  del  Rey. 

He  was  among  the  first  to  enter  the  city,  and  among  the  last  to 
leave — coming  out  after  peace  was  proclaimed,  with  the  rear  division. 
While  stationed  here  he  visited  Popocatapetl,  climbing  to  the  crater 
upon  its  very  summit.  He  published  in  Putnam's,  April,  1853,  an 
account  of  this  expedition. 

He  was  now  assigned  to  duty  as  Assistant  Instructor  in  infantry  tac 
tics  ;  reported  at  West  Point  in  July,  1848,  where  he  remained  on  duty 
till  January,  1850;  was  then  ordered  to  New  York  Harbor,  where  he 
served  a  few  months ;  was  then  sent  to  his  company  at  Fort  Snelling, 
Minnesota,  where  he  did  duty  with  his  regiment  till  September,  1851. 
Meanwhile,  he  had  married  (May,  1850,)  Mary,  the  only  daughter  of 
Maj.  J.  B.  Kingsbury,  United  States  Army. 

In  September,  1851,  he  was  transferred  to  the  command  of  a  com 
pany  at  Fort  Atkinson,  on  the  Upper  Arkansas,  where  he  lived  among 
the  wild  Indians  till  the  autumn  of  1852;  was  promoted  to  a  captaincy 
in  the  Subsistence  Department  of  the  staff;  was  subsequently  sent  to 
New  York,  where  he  was  on  duty  till  January,  1855.  At  this  time  he 
resigned  his  position ;  Jived  awhile  in  Chicago  ;  then  in  Nashville;  and 
in  1858  he  took  up  his  residence  in  Louisville. 

His  next  public  act  was  the  organization  of  the.  Kentucky  State 
Guard,  1859-60,  of  which  he  was  made  commander-in-chief  and  in 
spector,  with  the  rank  of  major-general.  He  was  sent  as  commissioner 
to  Washington  under  instructions  from  Gov.  Magoffin  to  confer  with 
the  Government  as  to  the  policy  likely  to  be  pursued  toward  the 
border  States.  The  mission  proved  fruitless;  and  in  July,  1861,  he- 
resigned  his  position  in  the  State  Guard,  and  visited  Richmond.  He 
was  offered  an  honorable  command  by  both  the  Washington  and  Rich 
mond  governments,  but  declined — awaiting  the  action  of  his  own 
State.  At  Nashville,  on  his  return,  he  learned  that  troops  of  the  con 
tending  armies  had  already  occupied  points  in  Kentucky.  He  sug 
gested  the  proposition  which  was  made  by  Gen.  Polk  to  the  Governor 
of  Kentucky,  that  both  sides  should  withdraw  their  troops  and  respect 
the  State's  neutrality.  This  was  declined;  and  he  then  entered  the 
Confederate  service.  He  was  made  a  brigadier-general  on  the  i5th  of 
September,  1861;  on  the  iyth,  under  orders  from  Gen.  Sidney  John 
ston,  he  occupied  Bowling  Green  with  a  division  of  troops. 

Taking  part  in  such  operations  as  were  conducted  about  Bowling 
Green,  Munfordville,  Russellville,  and  elsewhere  in  the  State,  he  re 
mained  in  Kentucky  till  February,  1862.  He  was  then  ordered  by 
Gen.  Johnston  to  reenforce  Pillow  at  Donelson  with  eight  regiments; 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  355 

arrived  on  Wednesday  night,  February  i2th;  on  Thursday  morning 
the  right  wing  of  the  little  army,  (13,000,  all  told,)  began,  under 
Buckner's  command,  the  three  days'  conflict.  During  all  this  time  he 
bore  himself  in  such  a  manner  as  to  win  the  confidence  of  his  own 
troops  and  the  respect  of  the  enemy  ;  and  had  his  counsel  been  heeded, 
the  Confederates  would  at  least  have  escaped  capture.  When  his  rank 
ing  officers,  Floyd  and  Pillow,  at  last  found  the  garrison  in  the  toils, 
and  proposed  to  abandon  the  troops  and  save  themselves  by  flight, 
Buckner  endeared  himself  to  Kentuckians  by  that  high  resolve  ex 
pressed  in  words  that  have  become  historic  :  "For  my  part,  I  will 
stay  with  the  men,  and  share  their  fate."  This,  notwithstanding,  he 
had  been  denounced  as  a  traitor  deserving  of  the  gallows,  and  threat 
ened  with  summary  vengeance  in  case  of  capture,  and  that  he  knew 
well  the  perils  of  his  position. 

Gen.  Lew  Wallace,  in  his  account  of  the  battle,  published  in  the 
Century  Magazine  of  December,  1864,  speaks  of  him  as  follows  : 

"  All  in  all  he  was  the  fittest  of  the  three  commanders,  [though  the 
junior,]  for  the  enterprises  entrusted  to  them.  He  was  their  equal  in 
courage;  while  in  devotion  to  the  cause  and  to  his  profession  of  arms, 
in  tactical  knowledge,  in  military  bearing,  in  the  faculty  of  getting  the 
most  service  out  of  his  inferiors,  and  inspiring  them  with  confidence 
in  his  ability, —  as  a  soldier  in  all  the  higher  meanings  of  the  word, — 
lie  was  greatly  their  superior."  Speaking  of  the  last  council  held  by 
general  and  field  officers,  at  which  Floyd  and  Pillow  declared  their  in 
tention  to  abandon  the  troops  and  escape,  Gen.  Wallace  gives  the 
views  expressed  by  Gen.  Buckner  as  to  continuing  the  conflict  or  endeav 
oring  to  effect  retreat,  and  says  :  "  Buckner  added  that  as  for  himself 
he  regarded  it  as  his  duty  to  stay  with  his  men  and  share  their  fate, 
whatever  it  might  be.  Throughout  the  affair  he  had  borne  himself 
with  dignity.  He  ordered  the  troops  back  to  their  positions  and 
opened  communications  with  Gen.  Grant." 

Wallace  met  him  at  the  old  Dover  tavern  after  the  capitulation,  of 
which  meeting  he  says:  "The  tavern  was  the  headquarters  of  Gen. 
Buckner,  to  whom  I  sent  my  name ;  and  being  an  acquaintance  I  was 
at  once  admitted.  I  found  him  with  his  staff  at  breakfast.  He  met  me 
with  politeness  and  dignity.  Turning  to  the  officers  at  the  table,  he 
said:  '  Gen.  Wrallace,  it  is  not  necessary  to  introduce  you  to  these  gen 
tlemen;  you  are  acquainted  with  them  all.'  They  arose,  came  for 
ward,  one  by  one,  and  gave  me  their  hand  in  salutation.  I  was  then 
invited  to  breakfast,  which  consisted  of  corn-bread  and  coffee,  the  best 
the  gallant  host  had  in  his  kitchen." 

1  Ie  was  imprisoned  in  Fort  Warren  till  August,  1862  ;  was  exchanged 
and  was  at  once  promoted  to  Major-General,  with  orders  to  report 


356  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

to  Gen.  Bragg  at  Chattanooga.  Here  he  was  placed  in  command  of 
one  of  Hardee's  divisions. 

At  Woodsonville,  Ky.,  his  advice  was  heeded  by  the  command 
ing  general  after  a  bloody  and  fruitless  assault  in  front,  and  the  garrison 
was  forced  to  surrender  by  a  simple  and  to  him  obviously  necessary 
disposition  of  Folk's  corps.  At  Bardstown  he  was  detached  from  his 
division  and  assigned  to  the  duty  of  organizing  new  troops. 

Recalled  to  his  command  on  the  advance  of  the  Federal  army,  he 
rejoined  it  at  Perryville,  the  night  before  the  battle.  He  had  time, 
however,  to  get  information  as  to  the  position  of  Gen.  BuelPs  force, 
and  he  quickly  comprehended  the  exigencies  of  the  case.  When  oc 
casion  was  offered,  he  advised  a  line  of  action,  which,  if  it  had  been 
adopted,  would  have  enabled  Bragg  to  beat  his  antagonist  without 
serious  loss,  and  so  to  have  changed  the  whole  aspect  of  the  Kentucky 
campaign.  As  it  was,  he  rendered  important  service  in  preventing  an 
overwhelming  disaster. 

About  the  middle  of  December,  1862,  he  was  ordered  to  take  charge 
of  the  defenses  at  Mobile.  In  four  months  he  changed  that  place  from 
an  open  town  to  an  almost  impregnable  fortress ;  and  was  highly  com 
plimented  by  the  Confederate  Government  for  the  manner  in  which  his 
duties  had  been  performed. 

In  the  spring  of  1863,  he  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  Department 
of  East  Tennessee.  In  September,  1863,  he  was  ordered  from  Knox- 
ville  to  join  Bragg  in  North  Georgia,  and  at  the  battle  of  Chicka- 
mauga  his  command,  (Stewart's  and  Preston's  divisions),  did  distin 
guished  service.  "  No  officer,"  says  one  eye-witness  of  that  battle, 
"on  the  eventful  aoth  of  September,  1863,  distinguished  himself  more 
by  heroic  bearing  than  Gen.  Buckner.  He  rode  through  the  fiery  tem 
pest  as  calmly  as  if  he  knew  himself  invulnerable."  Twice  during  the 
operations  preceding  and  during  the  battle  he  saw,  and  as  opportunity 
offered,  suggested,  dispositions  which  would  have  resulted  in  cutting 
Rosecrans  off  from  his  base  after  the  repulse  of  the  2oth,  and  have 
made  the  victory  complete. 

He  was  prevented  by  illness  from  accompanying  Longstreet  on  his 
expedition  into  East  Tennessee  ;  but  upon  recovery,  he  was  assigned 
by  that  officer  to  the  command  of  Hood's  old  division.  When  Long- 
street  was  ordered  back  into  Virginia,  Gen.  Buckner  was  sent,  on  ap 
plication  of  Gen.  Kirby  Smith  and  the  trans-Mississippi  Congressmen, 
to  take  command  of  the  District  of  Louisiana,  succeeding  Gen.  Dick 
Taylor,  transferred  to  the  Department  of  Alabama  and  Mississippi. 
Buckner  was  now  made  a  lieutenant-general.  His  abilities  as  an  or 
ganizer,  long  before  recognized,  were  again  brought  into  play,  and  he 
soon  had  a  small  army  ready  for  effective  service ;  but  there  were  few 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  357 

active  operations  in  that  department  during  1864.  In  1865,  after  the 
surrender  of  Lee  and  Johnston,  he  and  Gen.  Sterling  Price  negotiated 
with  Gen.  Canby  a  surrender  of  the  trans-Mississippi ;  and  as  by  its 
terms  he  was  not  permitted  to  return  at  once  to  Kentucky  he  took  up 
his  residence  in  New  Orleans.  His  fortune  had  been  wrecked ;  but 
he  was  at  no  loss  in  adapting  himself  to  changed  conditions  and  en 
gaging  in  business  pursuits  to  secure  a  competency  for  himself  and 
family.  A  valuable  property  in  Chicago,  confiscated  during  the  war, 
was  finally  restored  to  him,  and  with  this  and  various  accumulations  in 
Kentucky,  he  is  now  one  of  the  few  millionaires  in  the  State — a  fact  to 
which  he  never  refers,  and  of  which  others  seem  to  take  little  or  no  cog 
nizance,  from  the  fact  that  he  has  other  and  better  titles  to  distinction. 

In  1887  he  was  nominated  by  the  Democratic  State  Convention, 
almost  by  acclamation^  to  the  office  of  Governor — a  distinction  more 
regarded  by  Kentucky's  ambitious  citizens  than  that  of  United  States 
Senator,  and  almost  as  much  as  that  of  the  Presidency  itself;  was 
elected  in  August  of  that  year;  closed,  September  ist,  1891,  a  popu 
lar  administration,  serving  meanwhile,  1890-91,  as  the  delegate  from 
his  home  county  to  the  Constitutional  Convention.  He  evinced  states 
manship  of  a  high  order ;  a  clear  apprehension  of  the  rights  and  in 
terests  of  the  people;  and  a  defense  and  an  advocacy  of  them  which 
had  an  influence,  not  yet  fully  appreciated,  upon  the  moulding  of 
Kentucky's  new  organic  law.  If  he  made  mistakes,  he  never  at 
tempted  to  justify  them;  if  he  made  enemies,  it  was  not  because  he 
wished  to  do  any  man  an  injustice,  and  he  seemed  not  to  feel  any  bit 
terness  towards  his  accusers;  if  anybody  else  was  blameworthy  for  any 
alleged  error  of  his  administration,  it  was  not  known  abroad,  for  he 
never  attempted  to  shift  a  responsibility  to  another  man's  shoulders. 
Praise  and  admiration  for  others  he  could  not  disguise;  to  detraction 
he  was  a  stranger. 

In  his  dealings  with  law-breakers  and  convicts,  his  principles  were 
few  and  simple,  always  present  with  him,  though  but  seldom  expressed. 
An  instance  or  two  will  suffice  to  show  the  character  of  them  all.  When 
an  attempt  to  enlist  his  sympathies  in  favor  of  a  certain  criminal  was 
made,  he  indorsed  upon  the  petition:  "The  sympathies  and  the  duty 
of  the  Governor  are  with  the  people  whose  laws  he  is  compelled  to  ex 
ecute."  Replying  briefly  to  importunate  beseechings  in  behalf  of 
Another:  "Clemency  to  him  would  be  a  wrong  to  the  whole  com 
munity/'  To  another:  "  Mercy  to  the  law-breaker  is  cruelty  to  those 
^•ho  keep  the  law." 

Some  years  after  the  war,  Mrs.  Mary  (Kingsbury)  Buckner  died, 
leaving  an  only  child,  Miss  Lillie,  afterward  the  wife  of  Morris  Bel- 
knap,  a  prominent  Louisville  gentleman. 


358  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

A  few  years  subsequently  he  married  Miss  Delia  Claiborne,  of  Vir 
ginia,  a  daughter  of  the  late  Col.  Claiborne,  of  the  old  colonial  family 
of  that  name,  a  grand-daughter  of  Burrell  Bassett  and  Mary  (Dan- 
dridge)  Bassett,  the  latter  a  sister  of  Mrs.  Gen.  Washington.  Mrs. 
Buckner  is  descended  on  one  side  from  Fielding  and  Bettie  (Washing 
ton)  Lewis.  They  have  one  child,  Simon  Bolivar,  Jr.,  known  during 
the  General's  term  of  office  as  "the  young  Governor" — an  anusually 
bright  and  promising  boy. 

After  the  expiration  of  his  term,  and  the  conclusion  of  his  labors  in 
the  reassembled  Constitutional  Convention,  Gov.  Buckner  returned  to 
Hart  County,  where  he  and  his  family  now  occupy  the  old  home, 
"  Glen  Lily,"  in  which  he  was  born. 

MAJ.-GEN.  JOHN  C.  BRECKINRIDGE. 

The  history  of  the  Kentucky  Brigade  is  necessarily  in  a  great  meas 
ure  the  military  history  of  Gen.  Breckinridge,  and  obviates  the  neces 
sity  for  an  elaborate  and  finished  sketch  of  that  portion  of  his  life.  As 
for  his  political  career,  it  would  exceed  the  limits  of  our  design  to 
notice  it  in  full.  His  youthful  aspirations  and  manhood's  success;  his 
early  perception  of  the  true  theory  of  the  constitution  of  his  country, 
and  where  its  life-principle  lay ;  his  steady  adherence  to  his  convic 
tions  of  duty  to  his  country,  as  events  more  and  more  foreshadowed 
that  evil  days  drew  nigh;  and  his  manly  defense  of  the  South  on  the 
floor  of  the  Senate— these  would  constitute  a  chapter  of  surpassing 
interest ;  but,  for  the  political  student,  they  form  a  part  of  the  coun 
try's  history,  that  may  be  found  in  the  archives  of  State;  and,  for  the 
general  reader,  another  hand  may  one  day  gather  up  the  details,  and 
another  pen  do  ample  justice  to  the  life  and  times  of  a  statesman  and 
a  soldier,  who  could  achieve  distinction  in  either  .field  apparently 
without  effort,  while  thousands,  struggling  up  the  ascent  to  the  gilded 
Temple  of  Fame,  have  fainted  by  the  way,  or  sunk  in  despair  at  its 
base. 

John  Cabell  Breckinridge  was  born  in  Lexington,  Ky.,  January  16, 
1821.  His  family  is  readily  traceable,  through  its  different  branches, 
remotely  to  that  of  Breckinridge,  of  England,  Hopkins,  of  Ireland, 
and  Capellari,  of  Italy;  more  immediately,  to  Dr.  John  Witherspoon, 
a  revolutionary  statesman,  to  the  Smiths,  of  Princeton,  New  Jersey, 
and  to  the  Breckinridges,  Cabells,  and  Prestons,  of  Virginia. 

From  the  time  of  the  Presbyterian  troubles  in  England  and  Scotland, 
the  family  appears  to  have  been  noted  for  the  remarkable  character  of 
its  male  members.  His  great-grandfather,  Col.  Robert  Breckinridge, 
marked  his  impress  upon  the  history  of  colonial  times  in  Augusta 


MAJ.-GEN.  JOHN   C.   HRECKINRIDGE. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  359 

County,  Virginia.  His  grandfather,  the  Hon.  John  Breckinridge, 
was  a  lawyer,  excelled  by  none,  perhaps,  of  his  day ;  a  gifted  speaker; 
a  commanding  statesman ;  the  leader  of  the  old  Democratic  party  of 
Kentucky;  the  author  of  that  masterly  exposition  of  principles,  the 
Kentucky  Resolutions  of  1798;  and  above  all,  his  private  as  well  as 
his  professional  character  was  without  reproach.  His  father,  the  Hon. 
Joseph  Cabell  Breckinridge,  who  died  while  Secretary  of  State  for 
Gov.  Adair,  was  one  of  the  most  handsome  and  accomplished  men  of 
his  times;  a  lawyer  of  high  attainments,  an  eloquent  speaker,  a  writer 
of  rare  force  and  purity,  a  soldier,  a  statesman,  and  a  Christian  gen 
tleman. 

The  subject  of  the  present  notice,  it  will  be  observed,  was  left  an 
orphan  at  the  age  of  less  than  three  years,  his  father  having  died  on 
the  ist  of  September,  1823,  but  his  education  was  not  neglected,  and 
such  influences  were  thrown  around  him  from  the  first  as  tended  to 
develop  his  manly  character.  After  a  preparatory  course  in  the  schools 
of  Lexington,  he  was  entered  at  Center  College,  Danville,  Ky.,  and 
graduated  at  that  institution  in  the  autumn  of  1838.  He  went,  shortly 
afterward,  to  Princeton,  New  Jersey,  and  spent  some  time  as  resident 
graduate  at  the  college  there ;  after  which  he  returned  to  Kentucky 
and  read  law  with  Gov.  William  Owsley.  He  attended  the  law  lec 
tures  at  Transylvania  University  in  1840-41;  and  in  the  spring  of 
1841,  being  now  but  twenty  years  of  age,  received  license,  and  en 
tered  upon  the  practice  at  Frankfort.  He  spent  but  few  months  here, 
however,  before  he  experienced  some  of  that  migratory  feeling  which 
leads  the  young  men  of  America  to  look  for  new  fields  of  enterprise, 
where  success  is  supposed  to  be  more  readily  attainable,  and  life  may 
be  characterized  with  something  more  of  spirit  and  adventure;  and, 
in  the  autumn  of  that  year,  he  traveled  through  the  States  of  Indiana 
and  Illinois,  and  finally  took  up  his  residence  in  Burlington,  Iowa. 
He  practiced  at  this  place  two  years,  occasionally  joining  a  hunting 
and  fishing  excursion  with  the  Indians  of  the  frontiers.  On  the  site 
of  Des  Moines,  the  present  capital  of  that  State,  now  a  large  and 
nourishing  city,  he  then  hunted  the  elk  and  buffalo;  and  in  that  region 
of  country  the  Des  Moines  River  flowed  by  in  almost  uninterrupted 
solitude,  whereas,  at  the  present  day,  towns  and  villages  dot  its  shores, 
from  the  capital  city  to  the  borders  of  the  commonwealth. 

In  the  autumn  of  1843,  he  returned  to  Kentucky  on  what  he  at  the 
time  intended  merely  as  a  visit,  but  circumstances  changed  his  plans, 
and  gave  him,  henceforth,  to  his  native  State,  and  opened  to  him  a 
field  of  usefulness  and  fame  among  his  own  people.  He  formed  an 
attachment  for  Miss  Mary  C.  Burch,  of  Scott  County,  and  in  December, 
1843,  they  were  married.  She  is  described,  by  those  who  have  en- 


360  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

joyed  the  pleasure  of  her  acquaintance,  as  being  a  lady  of  cultivated 
mind,  manners  the  most  unaffected  and  winning,  and,  indeed,  possess 
ing  a  wealth  of  feminine  accomplishments. 

After  his  marriage,  Gen.  Breckinridge  opened  a  law-office  in  George 
town,  and  remained  there  till  the  summer  of  1845,  when  he  removed 
to  Lexington,  and  formed  a  partnership  with  the  late  Judge  S.  R.  Bul 
lock,  which  existed  for  several  years. 

In  1847,  the  war  with  Mexico  having  broken  out,  he  applied  to 
Gov.  Owsley  for  a  position  as  major  of  the  Third  Regiment  Kentucky 
Volunteers,  and  received  the  appointment.  He  accordingly  repaired, 
with  his  command,  to  the  scene  of  action,  and  served  during  the  re 
mainder  of  the  war.  Among  other  incidents  connected  with  his 
career  there  was  his  masterly  defense  of  Gen.  Pillow  before  the  court- 
martial  which  was  instigated  against  that  officer  by  Gen.  Scott,  in 
which  he  is  said  to  have  distinguished  himself,  and  elicited  the  warm 
est  encomiums  from  the  friends  of  Pillow. 

At  the  close  of  the  war  he  returned  to  Lexington  and  resumed  the 
practice  of  law.  When  the  bodies  of  Kentuckians,  who  had  fallen  in 
Mexico,  were  brought  to  Frankfort  for  interment  in  the  State  Ceme 
tery,  he  was  selected  as  the  speaker  of  the  occasion,  and  the  oration 
was  indeed  a  beautiful  and  eloquent  tribute  to  those  "who  had  helped 
to  uphold  the  honor  of  their  country  in  the  land  of  the  Montezumas." 

In  1849  he  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  from  Fayette,  and  was 
the  candidate  of  the  Democrats  for  Speaker  of  the  House.  His  con 
duct  during  the  term  in  which  he  sat  here — his  admirable  judgment, 
as  well  as  his  eloquence,  and,  withal,  the  great  power  that  he  exercised 
over  all  with  whom  he  came  in  contact,  amounting  almost  to  fascina 
tion,  not  only  fixed  him  prominently  and  firmly  in  the  esteem  and  con 
fidence  of  his  constituents,  but  placed  him  fairly  before  the  country. 
In  the  autumn  of  1850,  by  the  common  voice  of  both  parties,  he  was 
selected  to  deliver  the  address  of  congratulation  and  welcome  with 
which  it  had  been  determined  to  meet  Mr.  Clay,  on  his  return  from 
the  Congress  characterized  by  the  compromise  measures  originated  by 
that  statesman,  and  carried  after  a  stormy  and  bitter  struggle. 

In  1851  he  was  put  forward  as  the  Democratic  candidate  for  Con 
gress,  against  a  popular  Whig  nominee,  Gen.  Leslie  Combs,  and,  con 
trary  to  public  expectation,  was  elected,  after  a  long  and  active  can 
vass. 

In  1853,  though  his  course  in  Congress  had  been  consistent  and 
creditable,  an  honor  to  both  himself  and  his  constituents,  the  Whigs 
determined  to  prevent  his  return,  if  possible,  and,  to  that  end,  put  in 
nomination  an  old  veteran  of  the  Whig  party,  ex-Gov.  Robert  P. 
Letcher,  who  had  heretofore  been  the  most  popular  and  powerful  man, 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  361 

in  a  contest  of  this  kind,  in  the  State  of  Kentucky ;  who  had  never 
known  defeat,  and  who  was  unassailable  in  every  point  except  that  of 
his  political  creed  and  the  particular  public  measures  that  he  then  advo 
cated.  The  struggle  was  close,  vigorous,  exciting — almost  violent — 
but  the  young  champion  of  the  Democracy  triumphed,  and  took  a 
recognized  position  as  one  of  the  ablest  leaders  in  the  country. 

Of  his  public  services  in  a  civil  capacity  we  can  not,  as  heretofore 
remarked,  speak  at  length,  but  will  merely  point  out  the  main  inci 
dents  of  that  period  of  his  life.  Mr.  Pierce,  then  President,  offered 
him  the  mission  to  Spain,  but  he  declined  it ;  and,  after  his  second 
term  in  Congress  had  expired,  he  returned  to  the  practice  of  his  pro 
fession  at  Lexington.  He  was  destined,  however,  to  come  again, 
more  prominently  than  ever,  before  the  country,  and  to  win  new 
triumphs.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Cincinnati  Convention,  which 
was  to  select  candidates  for  the  presidential  contest  of  1856,  and  was, 
unexpectedly,  and,  on  the  last  ballot,  unanimously  nominated  for  vice- 
president.  His  election  to  that  exhalted  post,  at  the  age  of  thirty-five 
years;  the  dignified,  able,  and  popular  manner  in  which  he  presided 
over  the  Senate;  his  candidacy,  in  1860,  for  President — all  these  are 
familiar  to  the  people,  and  are  recorded  in  the  various  annals  of  the 
country. 

At  the  sitting  of  the  Kentucky  Legislature,  in  the  winter  of  1860-61, 
he  was  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate  for  the  full  term,  beginning 
on  the  ist  of  March,  1861.  He  took  his  seat,  and  endeavored  for 
some  time  to  mediate  between  the  sections  and  stay  the  invasion  of  the 
South.  He  often  manfully  opposed  his  almost  single  voice  to  the  Sen 
ate,  now  fairly  inflamed  to  the  madness  of  fanaticism.  He  finally  ex 
posed  their  purposes,  boldly  denounced  their  violent  schemes,  and 
defended  the  South  against  the  wretched  aspersions  of  those  who  were 
bent  on  destroying  her.  But,  finding  that  all  this  world  avail  nothing 
for  immediate  purposes,  he  resigned,  and  wrote  a  letter  to  the  people, 
in  which  he  briefly  disclosed  the  revolutionary  designs  of  the  Repub 
licans,  recounted  the  evils  of  their  policy,  and  showed  them  the  utter 
folly  of  basing  hopes  of  the  restoration  of  "the  Union  as  it  was"  upon 
the  announcements  of  the  administration  as  to  the  objects  of  the  war. 

His  subsequent  history  is  that  of  the  soldier,  who  won  a  name  on 
many  a  field  that  can  perish  only  with  the  annals  of  his  race. 

He  went  to  Richmond,  in  September,  1861,  was  appointed  brigadier- 
general,  and,  on  the  i6th  of  November,  assumed  command  of  the 
Kentucky  Brigade.  His  public  services  from  this  time  up  to  1864, 
and  personal  incidents  relating  to  him,  are  recorded  in  the  first  depart 
ment  of  this  work,  and  so  fully,  too,  that  even  a  recapitulation  is 
unnecessary. 


362  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

Early  in  1864  he  was  transferred  to  Southwestern  Virginia,  and  per- 
formed  important  services  in  that  department  during  that  year.  AVith 
a  small  force  of  from  three  to  four  thousand,  all  of  arms,  he  gained  a 
decisive  victory  over  Sigel  at  New  Market,  May  15  ;  took  part  in  the 
defense  at  Lynchburg;  accompanied  Gen.  Early  on  the  campaign  into 
Maryland,  fighting  at  many  points;  and  Gen.  Eckols  having  been  re 
lieved  in  the  Department  of  East  Tennessee  and  West  Virginia,  he  was 
sent  there  to  take  command.  While  here  he  planned  and  executed  the 
movement  against  Saltville,  which  resulted  in  the  defeat  and  rout  of 
Burbridge. 

About  the  ist  of  March,  1865,  he  was  called  to  Richmond,  and  ap 
pointed  to  the  duties  of  Secretary  of  War.  He  at  once  entered  upon 
a  wise  and  vigorous  performance  of  those  duties;  but  it  was  too  late  to 
correct  whatever  errors  had  been  committed  in  that  office,  and  to 
institute  such 'measures  as  his  large  experience  and  excellent  judg 
ment  might  have  suggested  to  retrieve  the  fast  failing  fortunes  of 
the  Confederacy;  but  he  was  thus  included  among  those  who  were 
under  special  ban,  and  denied  the  benefit  of  the  terms  of  surrender. 

He  accompanied  President  Davis  from  Richmond  into  North  Caro 
lina;  visited  Gen.  Johnston,  and  conferred  with  him  regarding  the 
necessity  of  surrender,  and  the  terms  upon  which  it  should  be  effected; 
and  was  present  at  the  conference  between  Johnston  and  Sherman  at 
Durham  Station.  After  terms  had  been  agreed  upon,  he  rejoined 
the  President  at  Charlotte,  and  the  party  was  escorted  thence,  by  a 
body  of  troops  which  had  collected  at  that  point,  to  Washington,  Geor 
gia. 

At  Abbeville,  S.  C.,  on  this  march,  President  Davis  held  his  last 
council  of  war,  with  Generals  Breckinridge,  Duke,  Debrell,  Vaughan, 
Ferguson,  and  Bragg,  and  Col.  William  C.  P.  Breckinridge,  an  inter 
esting  account  of  which  has  been  given  by  Gen.  Duke,  in  his  "History 
of  Morgan's  Cavalry."  From  Washington,  Gen.  Breckinridge  made 
his  way,  in  company  with  a  few  devoted  friends,  to  the  cape  of  Florida, 
whence,  after  many  hardships  and  great  peril,  he  reached  the  coast  of 
Cuba  in  an  open  boat. 

As  soon  as  the  general  had  entered  the  army,  November,  1861,  the 
old  political  issues,  if  not  forgotten,  were  at  least  ignored,  and  he 
entered  upon  his  duties  uninfluenced  by  partisan  prejudices.  It  is  said 
that  he  himself  never  alluded  to  them,  and  on  but  a  single  occasion 
was  the  subject  mentioned  in  his  military  family.  One  night,  around 
a  camp-fire,  an  officer  laughingly  remarked  that  two-thirds  of  those  who 
then  composed  his  staff  had  heretofore  been  his  political  opponents, 
which  was,  no  doubt,  true  at  various  times  during  the  war,  but  they 
suffered  no  diminution  in  his  esteem  on  that  account,  nor  he  in  theirs. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  363 

It  was  also  a  noticeable  fact  that  he  was  never  heard  to  utter  a  word  of 
reproach  against  former  fellow-citizens,  acquaintances  or  friends  whose 
convictions  had  led  them  to  a  different  field.  Not  only  were  men  of 
all  the  parties  previously  known  in  Kentucky  intimately  and  harmo 
niously  connected  with  him  in  service,  but  he  commanded,  at  different 
rimes,  troops  from  every  Southern  and  border  Slave  State,  and  won 
:he  admiration  of  all. 

So  many  attempts  have  been  made  of  late  years  to  portray  the  char 
acter  of  Gen.  Breckinridge,  as  displayed  in  both  his  civil  and  military 
acts,  as  to  render  it  a  superfluous  work  for  us  to  enter  into  any  critical 
inquiry  in  that  direction,  or  to  record  more  than  a  general  view.  It  is 
admitted  by  all  that  his  abilities  were  transcendent,  and  his  eloquence 
wonderful — and  the  more  wonderful,  we  may  remark,  from  the  fact 
that  it  would  be  with  the  most  extreme  difficulty  that  any  one  could 
define  exactly  in  what  its  charm  consisted.  He  had  a  rare  power  of 

<  ontrolling  men,  individually  or  in  masses.     He  was  one  of  those  men 
vvhom    we    sometimes   find  that  are  equal  to   any  emergency.      His 

<  apabilities  were  developed  with  the  occasion,  and  he  was  as  perfect  a 
master  of  resources  and  expedients  as  was  Lord  Chancellor  Montague, 
and  as  successful  in  everything  to  which  he  turned  his  attention,  if  left 
to  his  control.      As  an   orator,  a  statesman,  and  a  military  leader,  he 
took  rank  with  the  very  foremost  men  of  America,  and  possessed  the 
admiration  of  the  South  to  an  extent  seldom  surpassed. 

In  personal  appearance,  engaging  manners,  and  courtly  grace,  it  has 
been  .alleged  that  he  had  not  a  superior  among  men.  The  homely, 
but  characteristic,  remark  of  an  admiring  soldier,  when  President 
Davis  reviewed  the  army  at  Murfreesboro',  in  December,  1862,  is  no 
coubt  expressive  of  the  sentiments  of  thousands  of  others  who  have 
observed  him  in  the  various  relations  of  life. 

Present  at  the  review  was  a  large  number  of  general  officers,  and 
conspicuous  among  them  was  Breckinridge.  A  soldier,  who  stood  near 
their  point  of  observation,  noticed  them  attentively  as  they  rode  up, 
and  after  they  had  taken  position,  and  finally  broke  out  earnestly  with 
the  expression  of  his  opinion  :  "  Well,  there's  the  President  of  these 
Confederate  States,  'so  called,'  and  there  are  some  of  his  great  gen 
erals  ;  but,  when  it  comes  to  looks,  that  Breckinridge  of  ours  ranks 
them  all!  " 

From  Cuba,  to  which  he  made  his  way  as  above  noticed,  he  went 
to  England ;  came  afterward  to  Canada ;  and  when  the  amnesty  act 
in  which  he  was  included  was  passed,  he  returned  to  his  home  in  Lex 
ington — having  been  an  exile  and  a  wanderer  for  about  two  years  sub 
sequent  to  the  close  of  the  war.  He  resumed  the  practice  of  law; 
soon  had  a  lucrative  and  growing  business,  and  seemed  on  the  high 


364  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

road  to  wealth,  if  not  to  renewed  political  influence;  but  he  died  at  an 
age  when  he  had  scarcely  reached  the  full  maturity  of  his  powers 
(May  17,  1875). 

MAJ.-GEN.   WILLIAM  PRESTON. 

William  Preston  was  born  on  the  i6th  of  October,  1816,  at  his 
father's  plantation,  near  Louisville,  Kentucky.  His  great-grandfather, 
John  Preston,  emigrated,  about  the  year  1739,  from  the  County  of 
Derry,  in  Ireland,  to  the  County  of  Augusta,  in  Virginia.  He  erected 
the  first  church  west  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  at  Tinkling  Spring,  where  he 
is  buried ;  and  from  him  are  descended  the  Breckinridges,  the  How 
ards,  the  Browns,  the  Blairs,  the  Marshalls,  and  others  of  the  earliest 
and  most  enterprising  pioneers  of  Kentucky  and  the  Southern  States. 
The  only  son  of  John  Preston  was  William  Preston,  of  Montgomery, 
a  colonel  during  the  Revolutionary  .War,  who  was  wounded  at  Guil- 
ford. 

Col.  Preston  died  during  the  Revolutionary  War.  He  had  received 
a  military  grant  of  a  thousand  acres,  near  the  Falls  of  the  Ohio,  ad 
joining  the  original  site  of  the  city  of  Louisville,  which  he  bequeathed 
to  his  third  son,  William,  then  a  minor.  He  entered  the  regular  army, 
and  served  with  credit  under  Wayne,  and  in  defense  of  the  WTest. 
After  the  establishment  of  peace  he  resigned,  and  married  Caroline, 
the  daughter  of  Col.  George  Hancock,  of  Botetourt  County;  and, 
subsequently  removing  to  Kentucky  in  the  year  1815,  established  a 
plantation  on  the  property  given  to  him  by  his  father,  which  is  now 
partially  covered  by  the  city  of  Louisville.  Maj.  William  Preston 
died  in  1821,  leaving  his  son  William  and  his  young  family  to  the  care 
of  their  mother. 

After  the  death  of  his  father,  the  family  removed  to  Louisville,  and 
William  was  placed  at  the  best  schools,  until  he  reached  his  fourteenth 
year,  when  he  was  sent  to  Augusta  College,  and  afterward  to  St.  Jo 
seph's,  a  Catholic  institution  at  Bardstown,  under  the  control  of  Bishop 
Flaget.  He  resided  with  a  friend,  the  Hon.  Ben  Hardin,  and  re 
ceived  a  good  classical  education.  He  afterward  went  to  New  Haven, 
Conn.,  to  complete  his  studies;  and  subsequently,  in  his  twentieth 
year,  to  Harvard  University,  to  the  law  school,  then  under  the  control 
of  Judge  Story  and  Professor  Greenleaf.  He  graduated  at  Harvard 
in  the  class  of  1838;  and  returning  to  Kentucky,  was  afterward  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  at  Louisville. 

In  the  year  1840,  William  Preston  married  Margaret,  the  youngest 
daughter  of  the  Hon.  Robert  Wickliffe,  of  Lexington.  He  had  en 
gaged  in  the  practice  of  law  with  the  Hon.  William  J.  Graves,  be- 


V 


MAJ.-GEX.   WILLIAM   PRESTON. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  365 

tween  whom  and  himself  a  strong  friendship  existed,  until  it  was  sev 
ered  by  death.  The  estate  bequeathed  to  him  and  his  father's  family 
was  large;  and  as  he  was  the  only  son,  much  of  his  time  was  devoted 
to  attending  to  the  business,  which  had  been  under  the  control  of  his 
mother. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  Mexican  War,  William  Preston  was  in  com 
mand  of  a  company,  called  the  Washington  Blues,  forming  part  of  the 
Louisville  Legion.  The  legion,  of  which  his  brother-in-law,  Jason 
Rogers,  was  lieutenant-colonel,  went  to  Mexico,  joining  the  column  of 
den.  Taylor.  Preston  volunteered  with  the  Washington  Blues,  and, 
being  incorporated  in  the  Fourth  Regiment  of  Kentucky  Volunteers, 
v.as  appointed  by  Gov.  Owsley  its  lieutenant-colonel.  These  regi 
ments  went,  under  Gen.  William  O.  Butler,  to  Vera  Cruz  and  the  City 
cf  Mexico,  to  join  the  immediate  command  of  Gen.  Scott,  and  re 
mained  until  the  close  of  the  war,  when  they  were  ordered  home  and 
disbanded.  Gen.  John  S.  Williams  and  Gen.  William  T.  Ward  were 
the  other  two  field  officers,  and  Gen.  T.  L.  Crittenden  and  Gen.  John 
('.  Breckinridge  were  the  lieutenant-colonel  and  major  of  the  Third 
Regiment,  with  which  the  Fourth  was  brigaded.  Many  officers  of 
these  regiments  rose  to  distinction,  both  in  the  service  of  the  United 
States  and  in  the  Confederate  States,  during  the  war. 

After  the  conclusion  of  peace  he  returned  home  and  continued  to 
reside  at  Louisville,  until,  in  the  year  1849,  the  convention  was  called 
for  the  purpose  of  revising  the  constitution  of  Kentucky.  The  ques 
tions  of  emancipation  and  abolition,  which  have  since  so  fearfully  dis 
tracted  the  country,  were  issues  involved  in  the  campaign.  A  ticket, 
composed  of  the  Hon.  James  Guthrie,  James  Rudd,  and  Col.  Pres 
ton,  was  nominated  in  opposition  to  one  consisting  of  the  Hon. 
James  Speed,  afterward  Attorney-General  of  the  United  States, 
Chapman  Coleman,  Esq.,  and  David  Beatty.  After  an  excited  can 
vass,  the  latter  were  defeated  by  the  former,  of  whom  Preston  was  the 
foremost  candidate  at  the  polls.  In  the  discussions  of  the  convention 
hr  took  a  prominent  part,  and  particularly  in  opposition  to  the  native 
American  and  anti-Catholic  views  urged  with  great  zeal  by  the  Hon. 
Garrett  Davis,  subsequently  a  Senator  from  Kentucky. 

He  was  afterward  successively  elected  to  represent  the  city  of  Louis 
ville  in  the  House  of  Representatives  and  in  the  Senate  of  Kentucky. 
He  was  the  chairman,  in  the  former  body,  of  the  committee  which 
secured  the  adoption  of  the  code  of  civil  practice,  superseding  the  for 
mer  rules  of  pleading  in  our  courts. 

In  the  year  1852,  having  always  been  an  uncompromising  member 
of  the  Whig  party,  he  was  nominated  as  an  elector  for  the  State  at 
large.  Gen.  Scott  was  the  Whig  candidate  for  the  Presidency ;  but, 


366  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

before  the  election,  Preston  was  nominated  for  Congress,  and  elected 
by  a  majority  of  nearly  two  thousand  in  a  district  which  had,  but  less 
than  a  month  before,  voted  for  the  Democratic  party.  After  having 
served  out  the  term,  he  was  again  nominated  and  reflected  by  an  in 
creased  majority. 

In  the  meantime,  the  Know-Nothing  or  native  American  organiza 
tion,  embracing  most  of  the  old  Whig  party,  succeeded  in  carrying 
many  States.  At  the  next  election,  he  took  open  and  decided  ground 
against  the  new  party,  and  with  many  other  Whigs  opposed  its  princi 
ples.  The  Hon.  Humphrey  Marshall  was  nominated  by  it,  and  Pres 
ton  by  the  Democracy  and  old  Whigs.  The  canvass  was  extremely 
exciting,  and  resulted  in  the  defeat  of  Preston — his  friends,  the 
naturalized  citizens,  having  been  driven  from  the  polls.  The  most 
sanguinary  scenes  followed,  in  which  it  is  supposed  more  than  fifty 
citizens  were  killed.  The  day  is  yet  known  in  Louisville  as  "  Bloody 
Monday." 

Having  thus  identified  himself  with  the  Democratic  party,  he  was 
chosen  as  a  delegate  for  the  State  at  large  to  the  Cincinnati  Conven 
tion  which  nominated  Buchanan  and  Breckinridge  for  the  presidency 
and  vice-presidency.  He  took  an  active  part  in  the  nominations  and 
election,  and  Kentucky  cast  a  heavy  majority  for  the  Democracy. 
Afterward,  in  1858,  his  name  was  urged  as  a  candidate  for  governor, 
with  the  best  chances  of  assured  success,  but  Mr.  Buchanan  offered 
him  the  mission  to  Spain,  and  his  friends  pressed  him  to  accept  it.  He 
was  appointed,  and  unanimously  confirmed  by  the  Senate,  without  the 
usual  reference  to  a  committee.  At  the  time,  the  relations  with  Spain 
were  precarious.  The  Cuba  question  greatly  engaged  the  public  mind, 
and  our  citizens  had  many  claims  for  injuries  sustained  during  the  civil 
war  for  the  succession  in  Spain  which  remained  unadjusted.  It  was 
understood  that  their  demands  were  to  be  pressed,  and  the  acquisition 
of  Cuba  was  to  be  secured,  if  possible.  To  aid  in  this  object,  the  sum 
of  thirty  millions  was  to  be  appropriated  by  Congress.  Under  these 
circumstances,  he  went  to  Madrid,  at  a  time  when  the  Queen  and  the 
Cortes  had  assumed  a  very  unfriendly  aspect  toward  the  United  States. 
The  discords  of  the  Democratic  party  caused  the  failure  of  the  Thirty- 
Million  Bill,  and  rendered  the  chief  object  of  the  mission  impossible, 
but  the  American  claims  were  pressed  with  great  energy  and  complete 
success.  The  Spanish  government,  after  forty  years  of  delay  and 
procrastination,  entered  into  a  treaty — the  first  since  that  of  Florida — 
for  the  adjustment  and  payment  of  these  claims.  This  treaty  was  re 
jected  by  a  minority — being  the  Republican  party  in  the  Senate — 
because  a  clause  provided  for  the  reference  to  arbitration  of  the 
'"  Amistad  claim,"  which  had  been  constantly  admitted  by  successive 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  367 

administrations  of  the  government  of  the  United  States,  irrespective 
of  party,  to  be  just  and  valid.  Subsequently  Spain,  at  the  outbreak 
of  the  war,  seized  the  Bay  of  Samana,  against  which  a  strong  protest 
was  made  by  Col.  Preston,  as  being  in  violation  of  the  Monroe  doc 
trine,  but  the  embarrassed  condition  of  the  country  prevented  the 
government  from  its  assertion. 

As  soon  as  Carolina  seceded,  Preston  forwarded  his  resignation ; 
but  was  delayed  by  these  events,  so  that  he  did  not  reach  America 
until  after  the  beginning  of  hostilities  and  the  battle  of  Bull  Run. 

Upon  returning,  he  proceeded  to  Washington  and  gave  a  full  and 
satisfactory  account  of  his  mission,  to  the  Secretary  of  State,  Mr. 
Seward.  He  was  permitted  to  leave  unmolested,  though  his  opinions 
were  well  known  and  undisguised.  He  returned  home  after  the  Ken 
tucky  election,  and  found  the  Legislature  pretending  to  believe,  or  be- 
iieving,  in  the  false  promises  of  the  government,  and  at  once  de 
clared,  in  public  addresses,  that  the  true  intent  of  Mr.  Lincoln's  ad 
ministration  was  to  usurp  all  power,  trample  under  foot  the  rights  of 
the  people,  abolish  slavery,  and  disregard  utterly  the  neutrality  of 
Kentucky.  The  Kentucky  Legislature,  seemed  to  him  to  be  terrified 
or  corrupted.  It  suffered  the  arrest  of  its  best  citizens  without  warrant 
or  remonstrance,  and  abandoned  the  protection  of  their  rights.  The 
mask  was  thrown  off — Breckinridge,  Preston,  and  others  left  their  homes 
upon  the  same  night,  in  September,  1861,  to  share  the  fate  of  the  South. 
Passing  through  Virginia  and  Tennessee,  they  joined  Gen.  Sidney  John 
ston  at  Bowling  Green ;  and  Breckinridge,  having  resigned  his  seat  in  the 
Senate  of  the  United  States,  was  appointed  a  brigadier-general  in  the 
Confederate  service.  Only  one  brigade  having  been  at  that  time 
formed,  Preston  was  announced  as  a  colonel,  on  the  volunteer  staff  of 
the  commander-in-chief,  Gen.  Johnston,  who  was  his  friend  and 
brother-in-law,  until  a  command  in  the  line,  which  was  promised, 
could  be  organized.  In  this  capacity,  and  with  the  most  confidential 
and  intimate  association  with  Gen.  Johnston,  he  served  at  Bowling 
Green  through  the  winter  of  1861-62,  at  Nashville,  after  the  fall  of 
Fort  Donelson,  and  at  Corinth  until  the  battle  of  Shiloh.  In  that 
great  battle  Johnston  fell,  in  the  very  instant  of  achieving  a  splendid 
victory.  The  enemy  were  broken,  routed,  and  huddled  for  flight  upon 
the  river  bank,  and  while  the  general  in  person  was  leading  the  fore 
most  troops  against  their  shattered  lines,  he  received  a  mortal  wound. 
H  e  expired  on  the  field  in  the  arms  of  Preston.,  who  bore  his  body  to  the 
camp;  and  afterward,  with  the  staff  of  Gen.  Johnston,  reported  to 
Bcauregard,  who  added  it  to  his  own.  The  next  day  Beauregard  in 
trusted  the  remains  of  Johnston  to  Preston's  care,  for  temporary  inter- 


368  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

ment  at  New  Orleans,   until  they  could  be  removed  to  Texas,  where 
they  now  rest. 

He  was  honorably  mentioned  in  the  dispatches  and  reports,  and,  on 
his  return  from  the  sad  duty  confided  to  him,  received  a  commission,  a 
week  after  the  battle  of  Shiloh,  as  brigadier-general  in  the  Confederate 
army.  Gen.  Breckinridge  had  been  created  a  major-general,  and  his 
old  brigade  was  reorganized.  A  portion  of  the  Kentucky  troops,  con 
sisting  of  the  regiment  of  Col.  Thompson,  who  afterward  fell  in  action 
at  Paducah,  and  of  Colonel  (afterward  General)  Joseph  H.  Lewis,  with 
the  regiment  of  Wickliffe,  who  was  killed  at  Shiloh,  and  who  had  been 
succeeded  by  Col.  Crossland,  with  other  troops,  formed  the  brigade. 
Preston  was  the  next  officer  in  rank  to  Breckinridge  in  the  division, 
and  served  with  his  command  during  the  siege  of  Corinth  by  Halleck. 
Beauregard  having  foiled  Halleck  by  his  defense  and  evacuation  of 
Corinth,  the  army  fell  back  to  Tupelo.  While  there,  Breckinridge 
left,  on  a  short  leave  of  absence,  and  visited  Louisiana,  and  the  com 
mand  of  the  division  devolved  on  Preston.  The  passage  of  the  Tal- 
lahatchie  was  menaced  by  Sherman  and  Hurlbut  from  the  direction  of 
Grand  Junction  and  Holly  Springs,  and  the  division,  with  Parson's 
brigade  of  Missouri  troops,  amounting  in  all  to  about  10,000  effective 
men,  were  detached,  under  Preston,  by  Bragg,  to  guard  the  line  of 
the  Tallahatchie,  and  to  remove  all  stores  and  munitions  from  Oxford 
and  Grenada.  This  was  done  successfully,  when,  about  the  last  of 
June,  1862,  Admirals  Farragut  and  Porter  appeared  with  the  fleet  and 
troops  before  Vicksburg.  Van  Dorn  had  for  its  defense  but  about 
1,500  infantry,  and  some  feeble  and  badly  supplied  batteries.  Preston 
hastened  to  his  relief;  and,  in  three  days'  march  from  the  Tallahatchie, 
joined  him  with  his  command,  and,  soon  after,  with  large  supplies  of 
forage  collected  by  his  wagon  trains,  which  he  took  the  precaution  to 
send  through  the  country  for  that  purpose.  After  a  short  time,  Breck 
inridge  returned  and  resumed  command.  The  place  was  subjected, 
for  more  than  a  month,  to  a  furious  bombardment  and  menaces  of  as 
sault,  but  without  effect.  On  the  2yth  of  July,  1862,  the  fleet  and 
forces  abandoned  the  first  siege  of  Vicksburg. 

A  few  days  after  the  withdrawal  of  the  fleet,  Preston  was  prostrated 
with  a  fever,  and  was  left  ill  in  camp.  The  division  moved  to  Baton 
Rouge,  and,  after  the  action  at  that  place,  returned  to  Jackson,  for  the 
purpose,  it  was  understood,  of  joining  Bragg  in  his  Kentucky  cam 
paign.  He  rejoined  his  command,  and  every  preparation  was  urged 
for  the  prompt  departure  of  the  division,  when  there  seemed  to  be 
some  misapprehension  as  to  orders,  Van  Dorn  not  considering  them 
as  peremptory,  and  desiring  to  retain  the  division,  for  the  purpose  of 
remaining  at  Jackson,  or  moving  directly  southward,  for  the  recapture 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  3<>9 

of  Corinth.  Breckinridge  was  anxious  to  march  toward  Kentucky, 
but  could  not  do  so  under  the  circumstances.  The  march  to  Ken 
tucky  was  strongly  urged  by  Preston,  in  the  hope  that  the  presence 
of  the  troops  might  arouse  the  State  to  action,  and  drive  the  Federal 
forces  beyond  the  Ohio.  Delay  followed,  and  at  length  he  applied  to 
Breckinridge  to  be  relieved  of  his  command,  and  ordered  to  report  to 
Bragg,  so  as  to  reach  Kentucky  in  time  for  the  decisive  battle  which 
\vas  impending.  The  order  being  obtained,  through  the  friendly 
interposition  of  Breckinridge,  he  left,  and  succeeded  in  reaching  Bragg 
a  few  days  before  the  battle  of  Perryville,  but  too  late  to  effect  his  ob 
ject.  He  had  telegraphed  to  President  Davis  the  situation  of  affairs, 
atid  Breckinridge's  division  was  peremptorily  ordered  to  Kentucky, 
!>ut  did  not  succeed  in  getting  further  than  the  vicinity  of  Cumberland 
Gap  when  the  battle  of  Perryville  was  fought,  and  the  retreat  to  Knox- 
ville  ensued. 

Having  been  thus  separated  from  his  command,  he  received  from 
I'.uckner  the  fine  brigade  of  Gen.  Wood,  of  Alabama,  who  had  been 
severely  wounded  at  Perryville.  He  commanded  these  troops  upon 
the  retreat  from  Kentucky  to  Knoxville,  and  afterward  in  Bragg's  ad 
vance  upon  Murfreesboro',  until  a  new  brigade  was  organized  in 
Ireckinridge's  division,  composed  chiefly  of  the  Twentieth  Tennessee, 
or  Battle's  regiment,  one  of  the  finest  in  the  service;  and  the  troops  of 
Florida,  under  Colonels  Miller  and  Bowen ;  and  the  Sixtieth  North 
Carolina  Regiment,  under  Col.  McDowell.  The  Kentucky  troops  had 
been  brigaded,  during  the  absence  of  Preston,  and  placed  under  the 
command  of  Brig. -Gen.  Hanson.  Preston  received  this  command 
only  three  or  four  days  before  the  battle  of  Stone  River.  The 
v.-eather  was  wintry  and  inclement,  and  the  troops  were  almost  bare 
foot,  in  the  snow,  and  destitute  of  all  but  their  courage. 

His  conduct  and  the  part  played  by  his  brigade  in  the  battle  of  Stone 
River  have  been  noticed  in  our  account  of  Breckinridge's  division  on 
that  field.  He  received  honorable  mention  for  his  services.  Remain 
ing  with  his  command  at  Tullahoma  till  the  spring  of  1863  he  was  or 
dered  by  the  President  to  Abingdon,  in  Southwestern  Virginia,  to  re 
lieve  Brig. -Gen.  Humphrey  Marshall,  and  assume  command  of  the 
troops  guarding  the  mountain  passes  in  that  region  from  the  invasions 
of  the  enemy.  He  organized  these  troops  at  once,  with  a  view  to 
operations  in  a  campaign  contemplated  against  Kentucky,  under  Buck- 
ner.  Capt.  Pete  Everett,  a  brave  young  officer,  was  sent  forward, 
anil,  after  several  -brilliant  skirmishes,  penetrated  as  far  as  Mays- 
ville,  on  the  Ohio,  attracting  the  attention  and  drawing  the  Federal 
troops  to  North  Kentucky,  so  as  to  leave  the  passes  in  Southeastern 
Kentucky  uncovered  for  an  advance. 


370  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

Such  was  the  condition  of  affairs  in  August,  1863,  when  Preston  was 
ordered,  unexpectedly,  to  join  Buckner,  with  the  greater  part  of  his 
command,  at  Knoxville.  This  was  caused  by  the  advance  of  Rose- 
crans  on  Chattanooga,  and  its  evacuation  by  Bragg  before  the  battle 
of  Chickamauga.  Gen.  Buckner,  collecting  all  his  available  force, 
moved,  by  Lenoir,  Loudon,  and  Cleveland,  to  Bragg's  support.  At 
Knoxville,  Buckner  organized  Preston's  division,  and,  with  this  and 
the  divisions  of  Stewart  and  Forrest,  he  joined  Bragg  in  good  time  for 
the  impending  battle.  This  force  was  known  as  Buckner's  corps. 

Preston's  division  consisted  of  three  brigades  of  new  troops,  not  used 
to  trying  service,  under  Brig. -Gen.  Gracie,  Col.  Trigg,  and  Col.  Kelley. 
Gracie's  brigade  was  composed  of  the  Sixty-third  Tennessee,  Lieut. - 
Col.  A.  Falkerson;  the  Forty-third  Alabama,  Col.  Y.  M.  Moody;  the 
First  Battalion  of  the  Alabama  Legion, "Lieut. -Col.  J.  H.  Holt;  the 
Second  Battalion,  Lieut. -Col.  B.  H.  Hall;  and  the  Third  Battalion, 
Lieut. -Col.  J.  W.  A.  Sanford.  Trigg's  brigade  was  composed  of  the 
Sixth  Florida  Volunteers,  Col.  Finley;  the  First  Florida  Cavalry 
(dismounted),  Col.  Maxwell ;  the  Fifty-fourth  Virginia,  Lieut. -Col. 
Wade ;  and  the  Seventh  Florida  Regiment.  Kelley's  brigade  consisted 
of  the  Fifth  Kentucky,  Col.  Hawkins;  the  Sixty-third  Virginia,  Maj. 
French;  the  Fifty-eighth  North  Carolina,  Col.  J.  B.  Palmer;  and  the 
Sixty-fifth  Georgia  Volunteers. 

The  armies  of  Rosecrans  and  Bragg  maneuvered  for  some  days  near 
the  Chickamauga  River,  when  that  of  the  latter  crossed  the  stream, 
and  formed  in  line  of  battle  to  attack.  Preston,  at  midnight,  threw 
Gracie's  brigade  across  the  river,  at  Hunt's  or  Dalton's  Ford,  near 
Lee  and  Gordon's  Mills.  He  had  skirmished  with  Kelley's  brigade 
against  the  enemy  the  preceding  evening,  and  thus  secured  the  ground 
on  which  he  established  his  division  in  line  of  battle  at  dawn  on  Satur 
day,  the  ipth  of  September.  The  enemy  were  deployed  in  great  force 
near  the  mills  and  intrenched,  with  batteries  about  fifteen  hundred 
yards  distant.  The  batteries  opened  with  a  heavy  cannonade,  but 
Preston  held  his  division,  without  reply,  in  a  slight  undulation  in  the 
cornfields,  desiring  to  accustom  his  troops  to  fire.  He  had  an  officer 
and  some  men  of  the  Sixth  Florida  killed  and  wounded,  and  an  officer 
and  some  men  of  the  Sixty-third  Tennessee  wounded  while  silently 
occupying  this  position.  The  passage  of  other  divisions  established 
Bragg's  line  of  battle — Preston's  division  holding  the  left  and  resting 
on  the  curve  of  the  Chickamauga,  between  Hunt's  house  and  Lee  and 
Gordon's  Mills.  The  troops  having  engaged  heavily  on  the  right, 
about  noon  Preston  was  withdrawn,  closing  in  that  direction,  and 
shortening  the  line  a  half  or  three-quarters  of  a  mile.  About  three 
o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  Hood  became  hotly  engaged  a  few  hundred 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  371 

yards  to  the  right,  and  in  advance  of  Preston's  division.  The  enemy 
had  attacked,  through  some  cornfields,  Robinson's  brigade,  of  Hood's 
division,  and  had  broken  it,  though  the  men  were  bravely  contesting 
the  ground  against  superior  forces,  when  Preston  advanced  Trigg's 
brigade,  and  the  enemy  were  handsomely  repulsed,  barely  saving  their 
batteries  from  the  Sixth  Florida,  which,  under  Col.  Finley,  suffered 
severely  in  the  fight.  The  brigade  sustained  a  loss  of  about  one  hun 
dred  and  fifty  men,  killed  and  wounded,  and  behaved  most  gallantly. 
This  closed  the  battle  on  the  left  on  Saturday,  near  nightfall. 

On  Sunday  morning  the  battle  was  not  renewed  promptly,  but, 
some  hour  or  two  after  sunrise,  opened  again  on  the  right;  and  at 
length  the  firing  became  incessant,  showing  a  furious  conflict.  Lieut  - 
Gen.  Longstreet  came  to  Preston's  division,  which  had  been  held  in 
reserve,  and  gave  the  order  for  Buckner  to  advance  the  left  wing. 
Preston  left  the  Sixty-fifth  Georgia,  under  Col.  Moore,  to  guard  Jef- 
frees'  Battery  in  some  intrenchments  he  had  thrown  up  during  the 
night,  covering  the  road  to  Hunt's  Ford,  as  a  precaution  against  re 
verse,  and  as  the  wooded  ground  prevented  the  use  of  cannon.  The 
division  advanced  where  Hood  had  fallen,  and  where  the  dead  body 
of  Gen.  Lytle  and  his  men  strewed  the  ground  behind  the  fieldworks 
near  Brotherton's  house,  which  had  been  carried  by  Hood.  Nearly  a 
mile  beyond,  with  the  cornfield  of  Dyer's  farm  intervening,  were  some 
heights  near  Snodgrass's  house,  and  between  the  roads  from  Lafayette 
to  Chattanooga,  and  from  Crawfish  Springs  to  Rossville.  This  was  the 
key  of  the  enemy's  position.  Here  Gen.  Thomas  had  massed  all  his 
troops  for  desperate  and  final  resistance.  The  advance  of  Longstreet 
routed  the  enemy  in  front,  after  heavy  fighting,  and  Brannan  and  Van 
Cleve's  troops  were  driven  from  the  ground  in  front  of  the  heights  by 
the  divisions  of  Hood  and  McLaws.  It  was  near  this  junction  when 
the  Reserve  Corps,  under  Gen.  Granger,  and  the  division  of  Stead- 
nian  came  unexpectedly  to  the  relief  of  Thomas  and  lined  the  heights. 
They  bravely  received  the  attack  of  McLaws.  These  admirable  troops, 
tried  in  the  fiercest  campaigns  of  the  Potomac  and  Virginia;  recoiled 
before  the  strength  of  the  position  and  the  terrible  fire  of  Steadman's 
fresh  division.  The  ground  was  exceedingly  strong,  being  a  wooded 
ridge,  with  points  for  batteries,  and  open  cornfields  in  front,  with  a 
broken  ravine  intervening.  Another  impetuous  attack  was  made  by 
Ilindman's  division  and  repulsed.  It  was  at  this  time  that  Preston  was 
ordered  to  advance  and  support  Hindman.  The  Confederate  troops 
h  id  sought  cover  in  the  ravine  at  the  foot  of  the  hill.  Preston,  about 
five  o'clock,  advanced  Gracie's  brigade,  and  assaulted  the  crest.  The 
enemy  met  the  attack  with  loud  huzzas  and  a  withering  fire.  A  fear 
ful  struggle  ensued ;  Hall's  battalion  leaped  the  breastworks,  and  the 


372  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

bodies  of  Federal  and  Confederate  troops  were  promiscuously  strewed 
over  the  ground  occupied  by  the  batteries.  In  less  than  an  hour 
Gracie  lost  more  than  seven  hundred  men  out  of  his  brigade.  The 
colors  of  Hall's  battalion  were  pierced  in  eighty-three  places,  and  one 
hundred  and  seventy-nine  out  of  two  hundred  and  thirty-nine  men 
were  killed  and  wounded.  The  flag  was  carried,  after  the  battle,  to 
Richmond,  by  President  Davis,  as  an  interesting  memorial  for  the 
War  Department,  and  the  color-bearer  (Hiatt)  was  promoted.  Imme 
diately  in  the  rear  of  Gracie,  but  near  to  the  left,  Preston,  with  Kelley's 
brigade,  attacked  the  enemy  crowning  the  crest.  This  attack  stag 
gered  the  line,  and  the  regiments  of  Colonels  Carlton  and  Lefevre  were 
broken,  and  they  were  taken  prisoners  by  Kelley.  Trigg  had  been  de 
tached  by  Buckner  to  guard  against  cavalry,  and  was  nearly  a  mile 
away,  but  when  Gracie  attacked,  Preston  ordered  him  to  come  up  at 
all  hazards,  without  regard  to  other  orders,  and  as  rapidly  as  possible. 
He  arrived,  most  fortunately,  just  as  Kelley  gained  the  hill.  Preston 
had  found  out  that  Dyer,  the  owner  of  the  farm,  was  in  his  command, 
and  secured  him  as  a  guide.  He  was  a  man  of  intelligence  and  strong 
character,  and  Preston  learned  that  beyond  Kelley  was  a  ravine  running 
at  a  sharp  angle  and  traversing  the  enemy's  line.  Up  this  ravine 
he  hurried  Trigg's  brigade,  and  this  fresh  force,  making  a  sudden 
wheel  to  the  right  from  the  ravine,  fell  upon  the  enemy's  flank  and 
broke  it,  routing  and  capturing  the  Twenty-second  Michigan,  the 
Eighty-ninth  Ohio,  and  a  portion  of  the  Twenty-first  Ohio  regiments, 
and  took  more  than  fifteen  hundred  stand  of  small  arms.  This  decided 
the  contest  for  the  position,  which  was  carried,  however,  at  great  cost, 
Preston  losing,  out  of  four  thousand  and  seventy-eight  men,  fourteen 
officers  and  one  hundred  and  eighty-four  men  killed,  and  sixty-three 
officers  and  one  thousand  and  fourteen  men  wounded,  with  sixty-one 
missing  in  the  battle. 

The  London  Times  of  November  24,  1863,  contained  from  its  cor 
respondent  on  the  field  the  following  account  of  Preston's  part  in  de 
ciding  the  conflict  in  favor  of  the  Confederate  arms  :  "  His  bearing  on 
the  slope  of  Missionary  Ridge,  under  the  setting  sun  of  the  2oth  of 
September,  will,  if  ever  the  American  war  becomes  really  historical, 
rank  with  that  of  Dessaix  recovering  the  lost  battle  of  Marengo,  or 
with  any  other  famous  deeds  of  arms  ever  witnessed  upon  earth. 
Slowly  and  under  a  withering  fire  one  of  Preston's  brigades,  com 
manded  by  Gracie,  and  fighting  its  first  pitched  battle,  deployed  into 
line.  As  they  ascended  the  hill  they  reeled  and  staggered  under  the 
iron  tempest  which  rent  them,  and  Gracie,  turning  to  Preston,  ex 
claimed  in  agony,  '  We  are  cut  to  pieces ! '  Calm  as  though  he  had 
seen  a  hundred  fights,  Preston  replied,  '  You  have  not  suffered  half 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  373 

such  a  loss  as  my  brigade  sustained  at  Stone  River ;  tell  your  men  to 
fix  bayonets,  and  take  them  at  it  again.'  The  order  was  given,  and 
nobly  was  it  obeyed.  Right  up  and  over  the  slope  they  went ;  their 
comrades  swept  upon  the  Federal  flank.  Hindman  and  Kershaw  gal 
lantly  did  their  part ;  simultaneously  the  Confederate  right,  long  inac 
tive,  again  advanced  and  drove  the  Federals,  weakened  by  the  re- 
enforcements  sent  to  their  right,  from  their  works.  The  whole  of 
Missionary  Ridge  was  gained,  and  the  Federals  in  one  long,  confused, 
and  huddled  mass  burst  down  the  ridge,  through  the  little  village 
called  Rossville,  and  along  every  other  road  and  by-path  they  could 
find,  and  never  stopped  until  they  reached  Chattanooga.  One  trophy 
of  the  desperate  strife  is  shown  by  Gen.  Gracie's  men — the  flag  of  an 
Alabama  regiment,  pierced  by  eighty-three  bullet  holes,  the  flag-staff 
severed  in  three  places,  but  carried  to  the  last  by  the  same  color- 
sergeant,  who  still  survives  to  wear  the  honors  and  enjoy  the  commis 
sion  which  he  has  so  nobly  won." 

Soon  afterward,  he  was  urged  for  promotion  by  Buckner  and  Long- 
street,  in  official  communications,  for  his  services  on  that  field. 

After  the  battle,  Longstreet  visited  the  heights  carried  by  Preston's 
division,  and  said:  "  If  the  troops  who  carried  these  heights  had  de 
fended  them,  they  never  could  have  been  taken." 

Buckner's  force  was  now  reorganized,  and  Preston  was  ordered  back 
to  his  old  command  at  Abingdon,  about  a  month  after  the  battle. 

At  this  time  the  relations  of  the  Confederate  States  with  the  recently 
proclaimed  Empire  of  Mexico  became  important.  The  Archduke 
Maximilian,  of  Austria,  had  been  called  to  the  throne,  erected  by 
the  intervention  and  influence  of  the  Emperor  Napoleon.  A  pro 
visional  government  had  been  inaugurated,  and  the  votes  of  the  people 
of  Mexico  secured  for  the  new  empire.  The  propriety  of  establishing 
friendly  relations  with  the  Confederate  States  was  suggested  by  the 
provisional  government.  The  archduke  had  not  left  Miramar,  nor  ac 
cepted  the  proffered  throne.  Under  these  circumstances,  President 
Davis  appointed  Preston  Minister  Plenipotentiary  from  the  Confed 
erate  States  to  Mexico,  and  he  was  confirmed  by  the  Senate,  and  or 
dered  to  meet  the  emperor  at  his  coronation  in  the  City  of  Mexico.  He 
succeeded  in  running  the  blockade  from  Wilmington,  and  in  reaching 
N'assau  and  Havana.  At  the  latter  city  he  waited  in  expectation  of  the 
emperor's  departure  from  Europe  for  Mexico,  but,  in  the  meantime, 
events  happened  which  caused  a  change  of  policy  upon  the  parts  of  the 
emperors  of  France  and  Mexico  toward  the  Confederacy,  and  led  them 
to  a  friendly  understanding  with  the  government  of  the  United  States. 
He  at  once  visited  France  and  England  to  confer  with  Mr.  Mason  and 
Mr.  Slidell.  His  information  was  verified,  and  he  requested  to  be  re- 


374  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

called,  unless  assurances  were  given  of  the  immediate  recognition  of 
the  Confederacy  by  the  Emperor  Maximilian.  This  was  approved, 
and,  after  some  delay,  no  satisfactory  answer  being  given,  he  returned 
to  Bermuda,  after  an  absence  of  a  year,  and  attempted  to  reenter  the 
Confederacy  by  running  through  the  blockading  fleet  of  the  enemy  at 
Wilmington.  Fort  Fisher  had  just  fallen.  Of  eleven  vessels  that  at 
tempted  to  run  the  blockade,  nine  were  destroyed  or  captured.  His 
aide-de-camp,  Capt.  Ford,  was  taken  prisoner,  but  Preston  escaped. 
He  returned  to  Havana,  and  immediately  made  another  attempt  to 
run  the  blockade  at  Charleston,  but  was  again  disappointed.  He  then 
went  to  Matamoras,  in  Mexico,  and,  after  a  long  and  toilsome  jour 
ney,  joined  Gen.  Kirby  Smith  at  Shreveport,  La.,  hoping  to  cross  the 
Mississippi  and  reach  Richmond. 

While  in  Texas,  he  heard  of  Gen.  Lee's  surrender  at  Appomattox. 
He  found  the  Mississippi  overflowed  for  miles  beyond  its  banks,  and 
guarded  by  gunboats  and  vessels  vigilantly  watching  to  intercept  Pres 
ident  Davis.  Everything  was  in  such  disorder  as  to  render  his  passing 
over  the  river  impracticable.  Under  these  circumstances,  he  reported 
to  Gen.  E.  Kirby  Smith,  then  in  command  of  the  Trans-Mississippi 
Department,  for  military  duty.  Smith  refused  to  surrender  the  de 
partment,  and,  under  the  authority  conferred  upon  him,  promoted 
Preston  to  the  rank  of  major-general  in  the  Confederate  army,  with 
the  promise  of  the  division  of  Gen.  Prince  Polignac,  but,  for  certain 
reasons,  placed  him  upon  special  duty  of  importance. 

The  subsequent  capitulation  of  the  army  of  Gen.  Joseph  E.  John 
ston  and  other  forces  east  of  the  Mississippi,  left  to  Smith  no  alterna 
tive  but  the  surrender  of  the  Trans-Mississippi  Department.  After 
this  was  made,  Preston,  with  Generals  Smith,  Magruder,  Walker, 
Wilcox,  and  others,  and  with  Governors  Allen  and  Moore,  of  Louis 
iana,  crossed  the  Rio  Grande  and  went  to  the  City  of  Mexico,  through 
a  disturbed  and  dangerous  country.  Subsequently  he  went  to  the 
West  Indies  and  England,  and  afterward  to  Canada,  to  which  country 
his  family  had  been  exiled,  during  his  absence,  by  the  Government  at 
Washington. 

The  Government  of  the  United  States  having  adopted  a  more  len 
ient  policy,  he  returned  to  Kentucky  with  his  family,  in  1866,  and  re 
sided  at  Lexington,  employing  himself  in  agriculture  and  the  manage 
ment  of  his  estate.  In  1867,  when  Gov.  Helm  was  nominated,  his 
name  was  urged  as  a  candidate  for  the  office  of  governor,  but  was 
withdrawn  by  himself.  He  labored  earnestly  for  the  establishment 
of  universal  amnesty  and  the  reorganization  of  the  Democratic  party; 
and,  as  a  delegate  from  the  State  at  large,  witnessed  its  auspicious 


BRIG.-GEN.  ROGER  W.   HANSON. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  375 

restoration  in  the  National  Convention,  which  nominated  Seymour  and 
Blair  for  the  presidency  and  vice-presidency  of  the  United  States. 

After  the  war  he  lived  a  private  citizen,  engaged  with  his  own 
affairs,  but  taking  a  lively  interest  in  public  matters — especially  such  as 
affected  the  people  of  Kentucky  and  those  of  the  South,  whom  as  a 
tidier  and  a  statesman  he  had  so  faithfully  served.  He  died  in  Lex 
ington  September  21,  1887,  of  rheumatism  of  the  heart,  aged  about 
seventy-two  years. 

BRIG.-GEN.  R.  W.  HANSON. 

Roger  Weightman  Hanson  was  born  in  Winchester,  Clarke  County, 
Kentucky,  August  27,  1827.  He  was  the  second  son  of  Samuel  Han 
son,  a  lawyer  of  eminent  abilities,  who  practiced  at  the  Winchester 
bar.  He  went,  when  about  twenty  years  of  age,  to  Mexico,  as  first 
lieutenant  in  the  company  of  Capt.  John  S.  Williams,  afterward  a  dis 
tinguished  general  officer  in  the  Confederate  States  army.  His  con 
duct  is  represented  as  having  been  characterized  by  the  wildness  of 
youth  at  all  times,  a  reckless  daring  upon  the  field,  great  aptitude  in 
comprehending  military  principles,  and  a  lively  humor,  which  turned 
discomfort,  difficulty,  danger,  absence  from  home  and  friends — every 
thing — into  sources  of  laughter  and  amusement. 

When  the  volunteers  were  disbanded,  he  returned  to  Winchester. 
Shortly  afterward,  January,  1848,  he  had  some  difficulty  with  a  gen 
tleman  who  had  also  served  with  the  army  in  Mexico,  which  resulted 
in  a  duel,  and  in  this  affair  he  received  a  shot  in  the  right  hip,  render 
ing  him  a  cripple  for  life.  During  the  confinement  which  followed,  he 
devoted  himself  to  reading  works  on  law,  and  when  so  far  recovered 
as  to  be  able  to  attend  again  to  business,  he  was  licensed  to  practice ; 
but  about  this  time  the  first  gold-seekers  from  Kentucky  were  leaving 
for  California,  and  he  attached  himself  to  a  company  of  these,  and 
crossed  the  plains,  actuated  far  more,  no  doubt,  by  a  love  of  adven 
ture  than  by  a  love  of  gain.  Early  in  1850,  he  again  returned  home, 
without  having  increased  his  fortune,  and  began  the  practice  of  law  in 
his  native  town. 

In  1851,  he  became  a  candidate  for  the  legislature,  in  opposition  to 
his  old  captain — known  after  the  Mexican  war  as  "  Cerro  Gordo  Wil 
liams."  This  gentleman  was  personally  popular,  had  a  military  repu 
tation,  justly  won  on  Mexican  fields,  a  fine  character,  and  was  an  elo 
quent  speaker,  but  Hanson  proved  himself  a  powerful  opponent,  and 
gave  eminent  promise  of  that  oratory  for  which  he  was  afterward 
famous.  He  was  defeated  by  only  six  votes.  At  the  next  election, 
he  was  chosen  for  the  Lower  House,  and  before  the  close  of  his  term 


376  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

had  made  a  widespread  reputation.  Shortly  after  this  he  removed  to 
Lexington,  and  entered  upon  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  that  city. 
In  1855,  he  was  chosen  a  member  of  the  legislature  for  Fayette.  In 
1856,  he  was  elector  for  the  State  at  large  on  the  Fillmore  ticket,  and 
so  powerful  were  his  forensic  displays  that  his  already  great  reputation 
was  enhanced,  and  the  next  year  he  was  the  choice  of  the  Know- 
Nothing  Convention  as  a  candidate  for  Congress,  from  the  Ashland 
District.  Opposed  by  Hon.  James  B.  Clay,  an  able,  eloquent  man, 
who  early  saw,  not  only  the  evil  influences  that  were  at  work  in  the 
country,  but  that  his  father's  old  party  was  fast  becoming  committed  to 
the  ultraism  of  the  Northern  wing,  and  had  boldly  taken  position  with 
the  Democracy.  The  canvass  that  ensued  was  a  great  one,  not  de 
void  of  the  partisan  bitterness  which  such  men  as  they  could  awaken ; 
but  Hanson  was  defeated,  and  the  Know-Nothing  power,  already  wan 
ing,  now  rapidly  declined,  and  was  soon  lost.  He  resumed  the  prac 
tice  of  his  profession.  Upon  his  prospects  in  this  field,  his  defeat  had 
had  no  appreciable  influence.  He  rose  rapidly  at  the  bar,  and  at  the 
beginning  of  the  war  his  power  and  popularity  as  a  criminal  lawyer 
were  considered  to  be  as  great  as  those  of  any  other  in  Lexington,  and 
some  of  the  ablest  in  the  State  practiced  there.  In  1859-60,  he  again 
engaged  in  public  political  discussion ;  first,  for  J.  F.  Bell,  in  the  guber 
natorial  contest  against  Magoffin,  and  then  for  Bell  and  Everett,  in  the 
presidential  campaign  of  1860. 

At  the  beginning  of  hostilities  he  was  a  Union  man — spoke  against 
the  right  of  secession,  and  the  practicability  of  it — and  was  inclined  to 
the  opinion  that  rather  than  the  Union  should  be  dissolved,  coercive 
means  should  be  employed  to  preserve  it.  But  the  Southern  people 
were  his  people;  their  institutions  were  his;  he  had  represented  them 
in  a  foreign  war.  Though  a  Whig,  he  was  no  fanatic;  he  was  a  Whig 
in  the  general  meaning,  but  was  not  prepared  for  the  ultimate  conse 
quences  of  that  doctrine.  He  stood  firmly  by  the  Constitution  of  his 
country,  and  could  not  quietly  submit  to  seeing  its  powers  transcended 
for  the  purpose  of  achieving  designs  inimical  to  any  section ;  and  as 
events  began  to  develop  themselves,  they  unfolded  to  his  clear  insight 
the  purposes  of  the  administration.  He  now  paused  in  his  opposition 
to  the  Southern  movement,  and  found  himself  compelled,  as  he  seemed 
to  consider  it,  to  choose  between  two  evils. 

To  preserve  constitutional  liberty  he  declared  to  be  his  desire,  irre 
spective  of  parties  or  of  sectional  prejudice,  and,  believing  that  though 
the  Union  might  be  preserved,  should  the  North  succeed,  it  would  be 
a  Union  at  the  expense  of  freedom,  his  prejudice  against  the  Confed 
erate  cause  gave  way.  To  stay  the  prevailing  madness,  however,  and 
to  raise  up  a  mediatorial  power,  he  was  willing  to  make  one  more  ef- 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  377 

fort,  and  the  anomalous  state  of  his  mind  (not  yet  fully  committed  to 
either  party)  must  account  for  his  action  here — the  strangest  of  his 
life;  he  took  the  field  for  neutrality,  and  gave  the  influence  of  his  great 
powers  to  the  advocacy  of  that  measure.  This  was  a  virtual  abandon 
ment  of  his  Whiggery.  It  was  not  only  an  acknowledgment  of  State 
sovereignty — fully,  unequivocally — but  an  effort  (and  a  masterly  one, 
too,  if  we  may  judge  from  the  reports  of  his  speeches  and  the  profound 
sensation  among  the  people)  to  carry  that  doctrine  to  its  practical  end. 
This  failing,  his  next  step  was  but  a  natural  one — he  entered  the  Con 
federate  service,  and  was  shortly  afterward  commissioned  colonel  of 
the  Second  Regiment  Kentucky  Infantry. 

The  main  points  of  his  history  as  an  officer  of  the  army  have  been 
written  in  the  course  of  this  work.  We  have  seen  how  he  fought  at 
Donelson — how  the  confidence  of  the  soldiers  and  the  government  was 
speedily  won,  and  his  appointment  as  brigadier — how  he  fell  at  Stone 
River,  January  2d,  1863,  at  the  head  of  his  charging  columns.  In 
person,  Gen.  Hanson  was  robust,  and  his  constitution  was  sound,  vig 
orous  and  capable  of  great  endurance.  He  had  one  of  those  acute, 
yet  comprehensive  intellects  which  see  a  field  of  business,  the  circle  of 
the  sciences,  the  world  of  philosophy,  as  the  elder  Cyrus  saw  his  army, 
every  man  for  himself,  every  feature  familiar.  Hanson  saw  every 
point  of  any  thing  to  which  he  turned  his  attention,  while  looking  at 
the  whole  result.  He  had,  almost  to  perfection,  that  rare  power  of  in 
dividualizing,  which  fitted  him  for  the  details  of  a  business,  as  well  as 
for  grasping  it  in  its  general  import — the  power  of  analyzing,  as  well  as 
of  comprehending  aggregations.  "Horse  sense,"  he  is  said  to  have 
called  it,  humorously,  but  by  this  term  men  mean  a  rough  talent,  and 
his  was  not  "horse  sense."  Great  powers  of  observation,  of  percep 
tion,  which  furnish  food  to  the  mind  in  the  shape  of  isolated  facts, 
combined  with  that  large  reason  which  enables  a  man  to  digest,  to  com 
prehend  these  facts  and  their  relative  value,  constitute  genius — the 
highest  order  of  mind — the  power  to  see  and  understand,  to  adapt,  to 
apply,  to  read  men,  to  divine  the  tendency  of  events,  which  few 
men  possess.  Earnest,  energetic,  with  an  indomitable  will,  a  large 
ambition,  and  invincible  courage,  the  motive  force,  the  "power  be 
hind  the  throne"  of  this  great  intellect,  was  not  wanting,  and  the 
capability  of  achievement  was  bounded  only  by  the  limits  of  possi 
bility. 

That  these  characteristics  of  mind  gave  him  capacity  for  a  great 
commander,  no  man  who  knew  him,  who  saw  his  conduct  in  the  ad 
ministration  and  execution  of  military  affairs,  will  doubt  for  a  moment. 
Whether  as  a  colonel  or  brigadier,  he  was  ever  active,  ever  watchful — 
bending  circumstances  to  his  will — marking  the  impress  of  his  own 


378  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

character  on  everything  he  touched.  For  two  months  before  he 
assumed  command  of  the  Kentucky  infantry,  things  had  been  going 
rather  slipshod.  Colonels,  lieutenant-colonels,  majors  and  captains, 
first  one,  then  another,  had  commanded,  from  the  time  of  leaving 
Comite  River  to  the  arrival  at  Bridgeport.  Camp  guard,  drill,  police 
and  picket  had  grown  unfashionable.  But  at  Knoxville,  October, 
1862,  he  took  charge,  and  the  command  was  moved  to  Murfreesboro'. 
Part  of  the  brigade  reached  the  spot  designated  for  encampment  on 
the  morning  of  the  28th.  During  the  ensuing  night  he  came  in  with 
the  remainder.  Next  morning  there  was  an  ominous  growl  somewhere 
in  the  neighborhood,  and  it  was  soon  known  that  Hanson  had  passed 
where  somebody's  guard  lines  should  have  been  without  being  either 
halted,  saluted,  or  shot  at.  At  dress  parade,  on  the  evening  of  the 
2pth,  there  was  a  long  order  from  headquarters,  and  instantly  affairs 
began  to  wear  a  stringent  military  aspect.  All  line  officers,  among 
other  things,  must  attend  drills  and  roll-calls,  in  armor  and  with  coats 
buttoned — "all  who  are  reported  for  duty  must  do  duty."  Next 
morning,  when  the  bands  had  scarcely  sounded  the  reveille,  he  was 
observed  on  the  officers'  street,  going  the  rounds  of  the  brigade,  to  see 
that  the  order  was  not  evaded.  Among  them  all  he  went,  not  neg 
lecting  the  battery,  down  among  the  trees,  nor  some  loosely-constructed 
cavalry,  hard  by.  This  went  on,  morning  after  morning,  and  soon 
there  was  a  promptness  among  officers  in  leaping  out  of  blankets  at 
the  tap  of  the  morning  drum  that  was  refreshing  to  see.  He  went 
everywhere,  saw  everything,  knew  everybody  upon  whom  any  re 
sponsibility  rested. 

He  rose  constantly  in  the  esteem  of  men  who  not  only  loved  a  strik 
ing  character,  but  who  were  ready  to  appreciate  labors  devoted  to  the 
enhancement  of  their  efficiency,  and  to  the  consequent  good  of  the 
cause.  But  soon  the  fatal  day  came  when  he  was  removed  from  them. 
It  was  during  the  furious  storm  of  shot  and  shell  that  met  the  division, 
after  the  advanced  line  of  the  Federals  had  been  driven  down  the 
slope,  as  noticed  heretofore,  and  could  be  distinctly  seen  by  their  gun 
ners  on  the  opposite  bank  of  -the  river,  that  he  fell.  He  was  struck 
by  a  Bormann  fuse,  or  some  similar  leaden  contrivance  for  firing  a 
shell.  Dr.  John  O.  Scott,  of  Kentucky,  and  Dr.  Legaree,  of 
Louisiana,  who  stanched  the  wound  on  the  field,  described  the  lead  as 
having  struck  him  near  the  left  knee,  and  torn  through  muscles,  veins 
and  arteries  down  into  the  bone.  He  was  removed  to  the  house  of 
Mr.  I.  J.  C.  Haynes,  in  Murfreesboro',  where  his  wife,  with  Mrs. 
Gen.  Breckinridge  and  other  friends,  was  with  him  during  the  few  re 
maining  hours  of  his  life.  The  practiced  eye  of  Dr.  Yandell,  who 
had  been  sent  for,  saw  at  once  that  the  hemorrhage  had  been  so  great 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  379 

as  to  render  him  incapable  of  bearing  a  surgical  operation,  and,  in 
stead  of  rallying,  he  soon  gave  signs  of  sinking  rapidly,  and  he  seemed 
to  have  had  but  littje  hope  himself,  from  the  first,  that  he  would  re 
cover.  It  is  said  that  on  the  way  from  the  field  he  met  Gen.  Polk, 
and,  replying  to  some  remark  of  his,  said:  "Ah!  general,  it  is  a 
glorious  cause  to  die  for."  To  Dr.  Yandell,  when  told  that  he  was 
not  without  faint  hope,  he  remarked:  "Well,  do  your  best  for  me, 
doctor.  I  would  like  to  live  to  see  the  war  through.  I  feel  that  we 
are  right,  and  ought  to  succeed."  And  after  the  first  outburst  of  feel 
ing,  when  Gen.  Breckinridge  came  in,  during  the  night,  he  said  : 
••  General,  Dr.  Yandell  does  not  think  I  will  live,  nor  do  I;  but  I  have 
this  satisfaction,  I  shall  die  in  a  just  cause,  having  done  my  duty." 

The  scene  around  that  deathbed,  as  described  to  the  writer  by  the 
family  of  Mr.  Haynes  afterward,  was  such  as  one  who  loved  him  could 
not  hear  without  grief  and  tears.  The  almost  frantic  agony  of  Mrs. 
Hanson;  the  stricken  hearts  of  Gen.  Breckinridge  and  family,  whom 
he  seemed,  in  those  last  hours  of  earth,  when  reserve  was  forgotten,  to 
love  as  though  they  were  brother,  sister,  sons — the  hours  of  hopeless 
v,  atching  over  pain  that  could  find  cessation  only  in  the  dissolution  of 
the  sufferer — all  these  things  go  to  make  up  another  among  the  many 
I  ictures  of  disaster,  agony,  and  death,  which  no  true  soldier  of  the 
South  can  contemplate  without  a  feeling  of  bitter  sorrow. 

He  died  on  Sunday  morning,  January  4,  1863.  His  heart-stricken 
wife,  her  husband  a  corpse,  her  friends  gone  (the  army  having  evacu 
ated  the  town  the  evening  before),  surrounded  by  the  enemy,  made 
preparations  for  carrying  the  remains  into  Kentucky,  for  sepulture, 
and  set  out  with  them,  but  on  arriving  at  Nashville,  the  Federal  com 
mandant  forbade  her  carrying  them  further,  and  they  were  buried,  for 
a  time,  in  that  city.  In  November,  1866,  however,  it  became  known 
that  Mrs.  Hanson  desired  to  have  him  brought  to  Kentucky  for  re- 
imerment,  and  the  soldiers  who  had  followed  him  on  the  sanguinary 
field,  claimed  the  privilege  of  transporting  the  body,  and  performing 
the  rites.  Accordingly,  he  was  brought  to  Louisville,  where  honors 
were  paid  him  by  Kentucky  soldiers  of  all  arms,  and  religious  services 
performed.  The  remains  were  then  escorted  to  Lexington,  where  an 
eloquent  funeral  oration  was  delivered,  on  Sunday,  November  nth, 
by  Elder  Jos.  Desha  Pickett,  first  chaplain  of  the  Second  regiment, 
afterward  chaplain  of  brigade,  to  an  immense  congregation  of  his 
old  comrades  in  arms,  and  of  citizens  of  the  city  and  surrounding 
country.  He  was  that  afternoon  committed  to  the  grave  in  the  Lex 
ington  Cemetery ;  and  thus,  at  last,  he  sleeps  near  friends  and  home,  in 
the  soil  that  he  died  to  defend. 

At  the  annual  reunion  of  the  brigade,  held  in  Versailles  in  1893,  a 


380  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

committee  was  appointed  to  solicit  subscriptions  for  the  purpose  of 
erecting  a  monument  to  Gen.  and  Mrs.  Hanson — the  latter  having  died 
in  1888.  This  committee  consisted  of  one  member  of  each  of  the  five 
infantry  regiments  and  of  the  First  Cavalry.  Capt.  Ed  F.  Spears,  Co. 
G,  Second  Kentucky,  was  made  chairman,  and  it  was  mainly  through 
his  generous  and  well-directed  efforts  that  a  sufficient  sum  was  realized 
and  the  work  executed.  The  handsome  monument  which  now  marks 
their  resting  place  was  unveiled  July  pth,  1895,  ^n  the  presence  of  a 
great  concourse  of  soldiers  of  both  armies  and  the  citizens  who  came 
from  far  and  near  to  witness  the  ceremonies.  On  the  side  of  the  column 
facing  the  graves  is  inscribed :  ' '  The  surviving  members  of  the  Orphan 
Brigade  erect  this  stone  in  memory  of  their  commander  and  his  de 
voted  wife.  Let  this  monument  witness  now,  and  to  coming  genera 
tions,  our  knowledge  of  his  worth,  our  sense  of  his  valor,  our  pride  in 
his  patriotism,  and  our  profound  conviction  that  he  fell  in  defense  of  a 
righteous  cause.'' 

BRIG.-GEN.  B.  H.  HELM. 

Ben  Hardin  Helm,  a  native  of  Hardin  County,  Kentucky,  was  born 
June  2d,  1831.  Of  illustrious  parentage  and  excellent  connection,  he 
inherited,  in  a  great  measure,  those  powers  of  mind  and  nobility  of 
character  which  made  him  afterward  the  admiration  and  pride  of  his 
countrymen,  and  placed  him  high  on  the  list  of  Kentucky's  imperish 
able  names.  His  father  was  the  Hon.  John  L.  Helm,  a  man  of  not 
only  wide-spread  political  reputation,  but  a  pure  and  incorruptible 
patriot,  and  a  Christian  gentleman.  He  was  twice  Governor  of  Ken 
tucky,  and  filled  minor  offices  of  trust  and  profit.  His  mother  was 
Lucinda  Barbour  Hardin,  a  daughter  of  that  prodigy  of  legal  learning, 
political  sagacity,  and  peculiar  eloquence — the  famous  "kitchen 
knife,"  as  the'eccentric  Randolph  expressed  it,  among  the  little  blades 
in  Congress  and  at  the  bar — Ben  Hardin,  of  Bardstown.  She  was 
related  to  the  family  of  the  gallant  Maj.  Philip  N.  Barbour,  who  fell  at 
Monterey. 

Gen.  Helm  received  his  literary  education  in  the  seminary  at  Eliza- 
bethtown,  where  he  early  displayed  great  vigor  of  mind,  enabling  him 
to  complete  the  ordinary  course  at  the  age  of  fifteen.  In  the  winter  ol" 
1846,  he  went  to  the  Kentucky  Military  Institute,  then  in  charge  of 
Col.  R.  T.  P.  Allen,  who  afterward  commanded  a  regiment  of  Texans 
in  the  army  of  the  Trans-Mississippi.  He  remained  here  three  months, 
after  which,  June  2d,  1847,  having  just  completed  his  sixteenth  year,  he 
entered  the  West  Point  Military  Academy.  He  graduated  at  this  in 
stitution,  high  in  his  class,  in  1851,  and  was  brevetted  second  lieutenam 


BRIG. -GEN.   BEX   IIARDIN   HELM. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  381 

in  the  Second  Cavalry,  with  which  he  was  ordered  to  the  frontiers  of 
'J  exas.  He  served  here  about  six  months,  when,  having  been  at- 
ticked  with  inflammatory  rheumatism,  rendering  him  wholly  unfit  for 
duty,  and  his  chances  for  recovery  becoming  more  and  more  dubious, 
he  obtained  leave  of  absence,  and  returned  home.  He  was  thoroughly 
imbued  with  the  spirit  of  his  profession,  and  cherished  the  hope  that 
he  might  yet  be  able  to  rejoin  the  "  Old  Second  Dragoons,"  as  he 
loved  to  call  his  regiment;  but  it  was  now  a  time  of  profound  peace, 
and,  even  had  his  health  admitted,  there  was  little  opportunity  for  at 
taining  to  distinction  in  the  army.  He  yielded,  therefore,  but  against 
his  inclinations,  to  the  wishes  of  his  father,  and,  shortly  after  his 
return  to  Hardin,  resigned  his  position.  Ambitious  of  renown,  to 
b-j  won  in  some  field  of  useful  enterprise,  he  resolved  to  enter  the 
profession  of  law,  and  accordingly  devoted  himself  to  study  under  the 
direction  of  his  father.  He  soon  entered  the  Department  of  Law  in 
the  University  of  Louisville,  and  graduated  in  the  spring  of  1853. 
During  this  year  he  went  to  Cambridge,  Massachusetts,  and  spent  six 
months  there,  after  which  he  returned  home,  and  began  practice  with 
h  >  father;  afterward  formed  a  partnership  with  Col.  Martin  H.  Coferr 
with  whom  he  was  some  time  connected  at  Elizabethtown. 

In  1855,  he  was  chosen  to  represent  Hardin  County  in  the  legisla 
ture,  and  during  the  two  years  in  which  he  sat  in  that  body,  he  acquit 
ted  himself  with  such  credit — displaying  a  legal  acumen  and  large  ac 
quirements,  seldom  found  in  one  so  young,  with  a  devotion  to  business 
arid  the  interests  of  his  constituents — that,  in  1856,  he  was  elected 
commonwealth's  attorney  for  his  judicial  district.  While  a  member  of 
the  legislature,  he  met  with  Miss  Emily  Todd,  an  estimable  lady, 
daughter  of  Robert  S.  Todd,  Esq.,  of  Lexington,  and  was  married  to 
her  in  1856.  In  1858,  actuated,  perhaps,  by  a  desire  for  a  more  ex 
tensive  field  of  business,  he  went  to  Louisville,  and  entered  upon  the 
practice  there.  He  now  engaged,  with  all  the  ardor  of  his  nature,  in 
the  duties  of  his  profession.  Great  talents,  in  a  high  state  of  cultiva 
tion  ;  a  lofty  sense  of  honor,  that  could  not  stoop  to  the  little  tricks  of 
a  mere  pettifogger;  undeviating  consistency  and  integrity  of  purpose — 
habits  which  enabled  him  to  pay  close  attention  to  the  interests  of  his 
clients ;  more  than  ten  years'  varied  experience  in  intercourse  with 
men  in  almost  every  capacity,  with  the  kindest  heart  and  the  most  en 
gaging  manners — these  qualities  and  accomplishments  he  possessed  at 
the  age  of  twenty-seven.  Naturally  he  rose  rapidly,  taking  rank  in  a 
short  time  with  the  ablest  of  the  Louisville  bar. 

Hon.  H.  W.  Bruce,  his  brother-in-law,  who  formed  a  partnership 
with  him  shortly  after  he  located  in  Louisville,  and  with  whom  he 
practiced  until  both  gentlemen  went  South  and  united  their  fortunes. 


384  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

to  attempt  anything  was  to  display  ability,    and  win  the  warm  enco 
miums  of  those  who  observed  him. 

On  the  iyth  of  April,  Beauregard  announced  the  promotion  of 
Helm  to  brigadier,  to  rank  from  the  i4th  of  March,  and  he  was  or 
dered  to  report  to  Gen.  Breckinridge,  which  he  did  April  26th.  About 
this  time,  the  Reserve  Corps  was  reorganized,  and,  April  28th,  Helm 
was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  Third  Brigade,  in  which,  however, 
there  were  no  troops  of  his  own  State.  At  Vicksburg,  July  8th,  there 
was  another  change  in  the  Reserve  Corps,  and  Hawes'  brigade,  con 
sisting  of  Fourth  and  Ninth  Kentucky,  Fourth  Alabama  Battalion, 
Thirty-first  Alabama,  Thirty-first  Mississippi,  and  Hudson's  battery, 
was  designated  as  Second  Brigade,  and  placed  under  command  of  Gen. 
Helm. 

After  the  unfortunate  occurrence  of  August  5th,  described  in  the 
general  history,  he  was  disabled  for  weeks,  but  reported  for  duty  in 
September,  and  was  ordered  to  the  command  of  the  post  of  Chatta 
nooga  ;  but  after  the  troops  of  Bragg  had  passed  that  point,  on  the  re 
treat  from  Kentucky,  he  was  sent  to  the  command  of  the  Eastern  Dis 
trict,  Department  of  the  Gulf,  with  headquarters  at  Pollard,  Alabama, 
an  advance  of  the  Federals  from  Pensacola  being  then  apprehended. 
After  the  battle  of  Stone  River,  Hanson  having  fallen,  and  Col. 
Trabue.  who  was  expected  to  succeed  him,  being  dangerously  ill  in 
Richmond,  Helm  was  ordered,  January  31,  1863,  to  relinquish  the 
command  of  his  department,  and  report  to  Gen.  Hardee  for  duty. 
This  officer  accordingly  ordered  him  to  report  to  Breckinridge,  for  the 
command  of  the  Kentucky  Brigade,  consisting  now  of  the  Second, 
Fourth,  Sixth,  and  Ninth  Kentucky  Regiments,  Forty-first  Alabama 
Regiment,  and  Cobb's  Battery.  He  was  thenceforth  in  command  of 
the  men  of  his  choice,  and  of  men  who  not  only  had  the  most  implicit 
confidence  in  his  generalship,  but  who  loved  him  as  a  brother. 

While  the  brigade  lay  at  Wartrace,  at  Manchester,  Beech  Grove  and 
Hoover's  Gap,  he  was  present  and  active  in  the  duties  of  a  com 
mander,  and  during  the  absence  of  Breckinridge  he  commanded  the 
division.  The  movements  of  this  period  have  been  treated  of  in  full,. 
and  his  name  is  so  intimately  connected  with  them,  and  with  subse 
quent  transactions,  that  we  need  not  recount  them.  The  expedition  to 
Jackson,  the  march  to  Big  Black,  the  return  and  defense  of  the  city, 
the  retreat  to  Morton — which  he  declared  to  Mrs.  Helm,  in  a  letter 
about  that  time,  to  be  the  most  trying  and  disagreeable  event  in  his 
life  as  a  soldier  hitherto — the  field  of  Chickamauga,  contemplated  with 
grief  when  we  remember  that,  though  a  victory,  it  was  barren,  and 
purchased  at  the  expense  of  so  much  of  Kentucky's  noblest  blood — 
speaking  of  these  has  been  to  speak  of  him.  It  was  about  ten  o'clock, 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  386 

on  the  morning  of  September  20,  1863,  when,  opening  the  battle,  as 
Gen.  Breckinridge  describes  it,  with  "great  fury,"  and  pressing  obsti 
nately  upon  the  enemy's  works,  that  he  was  struck  in  the  right  side 
with  a  musket  ball,  and  fell  from  his  horse.  He  was  borne  to  the  field 
hospital,  and  every  attention  which  devoted  and  stricken  hearts  could 
suggest  was  paid  him,  but  at  midnight  he  died. 

The  pathos  of  that  scene  beggars  description.  Words  can  convey  it 
to  none  but  those  whose  imaginations  are  vivid,  and  whose  heart- 
experience  of  such  battle-consequences  enables  them  to  fill  out  the 
1  icture.  Here  and  there,  about  the  fountain  of  water,  and  on  the 
little  stream,  the  hospital  tents  were  standing,  in  the  open  wood, 
beneath  the  boughs  of  stately  trees.  On  an  extemporized  couch, 
in  one  of  these,  was  laid  the  young  commander;  the  attendants, 
though  used  to  scenes  of  blood,  gathered  around  in  half-stupefied 
r,\ve,  while  the  surgeon  hastened  to  revive  the  failing  energies,  to  cut 
a\vay  the  clothing,  to  probe  the  wound.  This  done,  the  pale  face  fixed 
upon  him  a  wistful  gaze,  and  asked  in  a  voice  low  but  firm,  a  voice 
thrilling  in  its  tones  of  anxiety,  "Is  there  hope?"  What  a  moment  is 
that!  How  the  heart  of  every  one  almost  stood  still,  and  eager  ears 
v/ere  strained  to  catch  the  reply:  "  My  dear  General,  there  is  no  hope!" 
The  attendants  turned  away  to  their  duties  with  other  sufferers  who  lay 
around,  while  the  hero  summoned  up  his  fortitude  to  suffer  a  few  brief 
hours,  and  composed  his  mind  to  meet  death.  Through  the  weary 
afternoon,  into  the  deepening  shades  of  night,  he  lingered,  but  his  life 
vuis  waning,  and  the  end  was  near,  and  yet  there  is  the  roar  of  conflict 
on  the  distant  field.  Anon  it  ceased,  and  he  forgot  his  sufferings  to 
wonder  whether  the  struggle  was  over,  and  whose  the  triumph  was. 
Soon  there  was  a  messenger,  and  he  again  roused  himself,  while  anx 
ious  voices  asked  what  cheer.  He  heard  the  word;  it  was  -victory! 
There  was  a  momentary  lighting  of  the  eye,  a  gleam  of  satisfaction 
irradiated  the  almost  rigid  features,  and  a  whispered  sound  escaped 
his  lips,  "victory!"  Though  dying,  the  word  was  sweet,  and  the 
failing  heart  was  thankful  for  it.  In  another  hour  or  two  the  spirit  had 
passed  into  the  paradise  of  God.  He  died  trusting  in  him  who  pities 
the  sufferings  and  forgives  the  sins  of  men. 

His  remains  were  conveyed  to  the  house  of  Col.  W.  H.  Dabney,  in 
Atlanta,  where  they  lay  until  the  23d,  when  funeral  services  were  per 
formed  in  the  Episcopal  Church,  and  he  was  then  buried  in  the  Atlanta 
Cemetery,  with  military  honors. 

The  following  account  of  proceedings  had  by  his  officers  shortly 
afterward,  and  recorded  upon  the  books  of  the  command,  speaks  in 
fitting  terms  of  the  love  and  admiration  in  which  he  was  held  by  those 
who  knew  him  best : 


386  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

BIVOUAC  BEFORE  CHATTANOOGA,  TENN., 

October  5,   1863. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  officers  of  Lewis'  brigade,  Col.  Gofer,  Sixth  Reg 
iment,  was  called  to  the  chair,  and,  on  motion,  the  following  committee 
was  appointed  to  draft  resolutions  expressive  of  the  sense  of  the  meet 
ing  with  regard  to  Gen.  Helm  : 

Lieut. -Col.  James  W.  Moss,  Second  Regiment;  Lieut. -Col.  Thomas 
W.  Thompson,  Fourth  Regiment;  Lieut. -Col.  William  L.  Clarke,  Sixth 
Regiment;  Lieut.-Col.  John  C.  Wickliffe,  Ninth  Regiment;  Maj.  J.  G. 
Nash,  Forty-first  Alabama  Regiment;  Lieut.  Frank  P.  Gracey,  Light 
Artillery. 

The  committee  reported  the  following  preamble  and  resolutions, 
which  were  unanimously  adopted: 

WHEREAS,  By  the  casualties  of  war  we  have  been  called  upon  to 
mourn  the  loss  of  our  beloved  leader,  who  fell  in  the  prime  of  his 'man 
hood,  September  20,  1863,  on  the  field  of  Chickamauga,  and  as  his 
rare  attributes  as  a  gentleman  and  comrade,  and  his  chivalrous  bear 
ing  as  a  soldier  have  endeared  his  memory  to  our  hearts;  therefore, 

Resolved,  That  in  the  death  of  Brig. -Gen.  B.  H.  Helm  the  service 
has  lost  a  superior  soldier  and  officer,  society  a  gentleman  of  unusual 
intelligence  and  attainments,  while  many  of  his  late  command  lament, 
with  the  deepest  grief,  the  departure  of  an  esteemed  and  amiable 
friend. 

Resolved,  That  his  gallantry,  so  eminently  displayed  from  Bowling 
Green  to  Shiloh,  at  Baton  Rouge,  at  Jackson,  and  on  the  field  of  his 
last  act  of  devotion  to  his  country,  has  won  for  him  the  admiration  of 
all  brave  men,  and  the  lasting  gratitude  of  lovers  of  human  liberty. 

Resolved,  That  to  his  family  in  their  exile,  and  to  his  friends  in  their 
Kentucky  homes,  we  tender  our  heartfelt  sympathy,  and  assure  them 
of  our  high  appreciation  of  his  grand  and  noble  qualities  as  a  friend 
and  fellow-soldier  while  in  our  midst,  and  of  our  unchanging  venera 
tion  for  his  memory. 

Gen.  Breckinridge,  in  a  letter  to  Mrs.  Helm,  under  date  of  October 
31,  1863,  said  respecting  him  and  his  command:  "  My  solicitude  for 
the  welfare  of  the  Kentuckians  is  in  proportion  to  the  pride  and  affec 
tion  I  entertain  for  them ;  and  no  one  need  be  told  that  I  hold  them 
not  inferior  (to  say  the  least),  in  general  good  conduct,  discipline,  and 
valor  to  any  troops  in  the  service  of  the  South.  Your  husband  com 
manded  them  like  a  thorough  soldier.  He  loved  them,  they  loved 
him,  and  he  died  at  their  head,  a  patriot  and  hero." 


BRIG.-GEN.  JOSEPH   H.  LEWIS. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN1  BRIGADE.  387 

So  lived  and  labored  this  gifted  and  honored  son  of  Kentucky,  so 
fought  and  fell  one  whom  she  can  not  forget.  At  thirty-two  years  of 
age,  when  life  was  but  just  begun,  when  the  world  was  before  him  for 
a  field,  and  the  master-spirit  was  within  to  shape  a  brilliant  future  in 
the  path  of  usefulness,  he  shed  his  blood  in  attempting  to  stay  the  de 
struction  of  his  people. 

In  person  Gen.  Helm  was  six  feet  in  height,  with  a  well-proportioned 
figure,  clear,  blue  eyes,  brown  hair,  and  an  expression  of  countenance 
that  was  genial  and  attractive. 

In  the  day  of  action  no  danger  could  appall  him,  no  confusion  rob 
him  of  self-possession.  In  his  ordinary  intercourse  with  men  he  was 
suave,  genial,  generous ;  no  man  had  a  more  consummate  power  of 
being  all  that  is  kind  and  affable  without  affectation,  and  without  stoop- 
irg  to  that  familiarity  which  breeds  contempt. 

Under  the  auspices  of  the  Orphan  Brigade  and  his  old  regiment,  the 
First  Kentucky  Cavalry,  his  remains  were  brought  from  Atlanta  twenty- 
one  years  after  he  fell,  and  reinterred  September  19,  1884,  in  the 
family  burying  ground  near  Elizabethtown.  The  survivors  of  the  bri 
gade  had  met  there  in  annual  reunion,  with  their  invited  comrades  of 
other  commahds ;  and  with  imposing  and  very  touching  ceremonies, 
viewed  by  a  great  assembly  of  people,  the  hero  was  laid  to  rest  with 
his  fathers. 

BRIG.-GEN.  JOSEPH  H.   LEWIS. 

Jn  the  preceding  pages  of  this  work,  we  have  seen  Gen.  Lewis  as 
the  officer;  but  it  is  only  in  the  biography — the  private  as  well  as  the 
public  history  of  the  individual  himself — that  we  obtain  a  full  view  of 
the  man,  and  learn  to  place  a  proper  estimate  upon  the  character,  in 
stead  of  entertaining  that  vague  sense  which  waits  upon  reputation. 
History  is  but  biography  in  general,  while  biography  is  history  in  par 
ticular,  and,  after  all,  we  derive  more  pleasure  from  the  latter  than  the 
former,  and  to  the  great  mass  of  mankind  it  is  not  only  more  agree 
able,  but  more  profitable.  We  turn  from  exciting  scenes  in  the  history 
of  ancient  Rome  to  read  a  passage  in  the  social  and  domestic  life  of 
Caesar,  not  only  without  regret,  but  with  a  high  degree  of  pleasure. 

Joseph  Horace  Lewis  was  born  of  wealthy  and  highly  respectable 
parents  in  Barren  County,  Kentucky,  October  24,  1824.  Reared  in 
his  native  county  and  educated  in  the  schools  of  his  own  State,  he  is 
one  of  those  thorough  Kentuckians,  who,  in  all  the  circumstances  of 
life,  cling  with  a  constant  devotion  to  the  old  commonwealth,  and, 
whether  there  is  a  temporary  stigma  thrust  upon  her,  or  she  lifts  her 
head  in  all  her  ancient  renown,  are  still  proud  to  know  that  their  child- 


388  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

hood  breathed  none  but  her  pure  air,  and  that  their  manhood  could 
ask  no  greater  honors  than  are  to  be  enjoyed  under  her  auspices. 

He  was  married  November  29,  1845,  to  Sarah  H.,  daughter  of  Dr. 
George  Rogers,  of  Glasgow,  of  one  of  the  first  families  of  the  coun 
try,  and  long  the  most  prominent  physician  in  Barren  County.  But, 
while  birth  and  family  connections  confer  a  distinction  which  should 
not  be  ignored,  since  they  impart  that  pride  of  character  which  pre 
serves  the  self-respect  of  the  individual,  the  honor  of  the  family,  and 
the  chivalry  of  the  State,  they  are,  nevertheless,  but  the  extrinsic  cir 
cumstances  that  give  social  position,  and  we  must  look  to  intrinsic 
worth  and  personal  usefulness  in  justification  of  claims  to  solid  and 
enduring  honors. 

Having  chosen  the  profession  of  law,  he  began  practice  at  an  early 
age,  in  Glasgow,  where  he  continued  it  successfully  until  the  breaking 
out  of  the  war,  occasionally  taking  part  in  the  political  contests  of  that 
period.  In  the  beginning  of  his  career  he  identified  himself  with  the 
Whigs,  and  as  a  Whig  was  elected  to  the  State  legislature.  But  in 
maturer  manhood  he  saw  the  growing  tendency  of  that  party  to  the 
assumption  of  Federal  power,  and  its  gradual  affiliation  with  the  ex 
ponents  of  other  New  England  heresies,  and,  regardless  of  the  rage 
and  consequent  misrepresentations  of  his  former  associates,  he  publicly 
renounced  his  previous  political  faith,  and  declared  himself  a  Demo 
crat — an  earnest  advocate  for  those  principles  of  State  sovereignty,  the 
practical  importance  of  which  so  few  men  really  understood,  and  which 
was  fast  being  overshadowed  by  the  growing  splendor  of  the  General 
Government.  He  dared  to  abandon  a  party  which  at  that  time  had 
superior  prestige,  and  with  which  he  had  been  identified  by  early  train 
ing,  from  the  conviction  that  another  creed,  which  was  fuller  in  its 
assertion  of  the  doctrine  of  State  Rights,  and  more  earnest  in  the  ad 
vocacy  of  its  practical  application  in  the  administration  of  the  Govern 
ment,  was  the  one  to  which  the  men  of  the  South  especially  should 
give  their  constant  adherence. 

In  1857,  he  was  nominated  to  represent  his  district  in  Congress,  and 
made  the  race  against  Warner  L.  Underwood,  of  Warren,  who  had 
been  elected  in  1855  by  an  overwhelming  vote.  After  an  exciting  con 
test,  in  which  Underwood  replied  to  exposures  of  party  fallacies  by 
sophistical  appeals  to  popular  prejudices,  and  rebutted  scathing  de 
nunciations  of  his  own  course  as  a  legislator  by  affected  tears  of  injured 
innocence,  Lewis  was  defeated  by  a  singularly  small  majority. 

In  1860,  as  a  natural  sequence  of  previously  entertained  opinions, 
he  espoused  the  cause  of  Breckinridge  and  a  more  liberal  recognition 
of  Southern  rights.  When  the  result  of  that  contest  became  known, 
and  it  was  evident  that  power  had  passed  from  conservative  hands,  he 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  389 

was  one  of  the  first  to  declare  for  action — prompt  and  decisive — 
maintaining  that  honor  and  interest  alike  demanded  that  Kentucky 
should  cast  off,  boldly  and  at  once,  the  bond  of  Federal  Union,  and 
identify  herself  with  the  Southern  movement. 

In  1 86 1,  when  it  was  plain  to  those  not  willfully  blind  or  hopelessly 
ignorant,  that  an  effort  was  being  made  to  defeat  the  action  of  the  State, 
;md  tie  her  down  in  subserviency  to  the  new  administration,  he  consented 
to  become  a  candidate  for  Congress — not  with  the  hope  of  election,  or 
of  accomplishing  anything  by  legislation,  even  should  he  be  chosen; 
but  with  the  determination  to  arouse  the  citizens,  if  possible,  to  a  sense 
<jf  their  danger,  and  to  incite  opposition  to  the  designs  of  the  Washington 
cabal.  He  was  opposed  to  Henry  Grider,  of  Bowling  Green,  who,  safe 
ji  the  overweening  sympathy  and  power  of  the  prejudiced  majority,  ex 
erted  himself,  not\Q  answering  the  arguments  of  the  Southern  candidate, 
and  coolly  considering  the  great  questions  at  issue,  but  to  arousing  the 
angry  passions  of  the  people,  by  false  appeals  to  their  love  of  country, 
and  to  that  pride  of  power  symbolized  by  the  "old  flag,"  and  by  de 
nouncing  the  Southern  action- as  a  trick  of  ambitious  men — treason 
•  to  the  best  government  the  world  eyer  saw."  So  great  was  the  ex- 
oitement  that  in  many  portions  of  the  district  it  was  extremely  danger 
ous  for  a  friend  of  the  new  cause  to  express  his  opinions;  but  Lewis 
could  not  be  intimidated,  and  wherever  his  opponent  went,  there  he 
boldly  proclaimed  his  principles,  and  defended  the  Southern  leaders 
against  the  aspersions  of  demagogues.  He  was  defeated,  as  expected, 
but  his  conduct  won  the  confidence  of  the  fighting  element  among  his 
friends;  and  when  the  neutrality  policy  of  the  State  was  violated,  by 
the  enemy's  having  established  a  recruiting  station  and  camp  of  in 
struction  at  "  Dick  Robinson,"  and  taken  other  faithless  measures,  he 
immediately  set  about  raising  troops  for  the  Confederate  service.  The 
consolidation  of  his  recruits  with  those  of  Col.  Cofer,  thus  forming  the 
Sixth  Kentucky  Infantry,  has  been  already  noticed.  Of  this  organiza 
tion  he  was  chosen  colonel,  to  rank  from  November  i,  1861. 

At  Shiloh  he  first  led  his  command  into  action,  and  more  than 
realized  the  expectations  that  had  been  formed  of  him  by  his  friends. 
D  iring  the  whole  of  that  memorable  two  days'  struggle  he  led  his  reg 
iment  wherever  duty  called.  He  challenged  the  admiration  of  his 
men  by  his  intrepidity,  for,  though  willing  to  shield  them  from  unnec- 
es.-ary  danger,  himself  was  always  exposed.  He  had  two  horses  killed 
and  another  wounded,  but  he  escaped  without  a  shot.  Among  those 
upon  whom  it  devolved  to  cover  the  retreat  on  that  disastrous  after 
noon  of  the  second  day's  conflict,  he  was  one  of  the  most  eager  and 
alert  to  strike  the  advancing  enemy,  and  he  lost  no  opportunity  to  turn 
upon  him  with  his  almost  exhausted  and  broken  band  and  deal  a  blow. 


390  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

During  the  retreat,  he  marched  on  foot  with  the  men,  fighting  as  long- 
as  the  Federals  continued  to  pursue,  then  superintending  the  work  nec 
essary  to  make  the  road  passable  for  the  reserve  artillery  and  for  the 
removal  of  the  wounded,  and  reached  Corinth  on  the  Friday  follow 
ing  the  battle,  worn  and  sad,  but  firmly  fixed  in  the  esteem  of  men 
with  whom  gallantry  is  accounted  one  of  the  first  of  virtues. 

At  Corinth,  when  Halleck  was  investing  the  position,  gradually 
closing  in  with  his  overwhelming  numbers,  and  it  was  necessary  for  the 
Confederate  forces  to  be  constantly  on  the  alert,  and  often  drawn  out 
in  anticipation  of  a  battle,  he  was  ever  at  his  postand  ready  for  action. 
Here  his  health  began  seriously  to  decline,  but  he  remained  with  the 
regiment  until  three  weeks  after  it  reached  Vicksburg,  participating  in 
the  privations  and  dangers  incident  to  the  defense  of  the  city ;  but 
about  the  2oth  of  July  he  was  taken  so  ill  as  to  be  compelled  to  seek 
relaxation  and  medical  attention  in  the  country.  From  this  cause  he 
did  not  participate  in  the  engagement  at  Baton  Rouge — the  only 
affair  in  which  his  regiment  took  part  when  he  was  not  with  it. 

At  Stone  River,  however,  he  was  again  in  command,  and  enhanced 
the  reputation  he  had  previously  won.  "  Yes,"  said  an  officer  of  the 
Second  Regiment  to  the  writer,  at  Fort  Delaware,  when  talking  about 
the  probable  successor  of  Hanson,  "  I  saw  Col.  Lewis  at  Stone  River, 
when  we  were  falling  back  under  that  galling  artillery  fire,  and  it  re 
quired  the  vigilance  of  officers  and  all  the  stubborn  pride  of  the  men 
to  keep  them  from  abandoning  the  field  precipitately.  There  are 
times  when  men.  rise  above  themselves,  and  on  the  battlefield  he  does 
it.  He  sat  erect  and  unflinching  among  the  plowing  shot  and  bursting 
shells,  coolly  directing  and  preserving  order  among  the  men.  Amid 
the  dreadful  danger  and  confusion  of  that  moment,  I  thought  I  never 
saw  a  more  soldierly  presence  and  bearing/'  He  was  favorably  men 
tioned  by  his  superior  officers  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct. 

He  was  at  Jackson,  Miss.,  July,  1863,  but  the  operations  there,  as 
we  have  previously  noticed,  consisted  of  an  attempt  to  relieve  Pern- 
berton — then  a  return  to  the  city,  and  skirmishing  along  the  line  of  in- 
trenchments ;  and  nothing  of  special  importance  occurred  requiring 
notice  here. 

At  Chickamauga,  September  19,  he  was  in  command  of  the  Sixth 
Regiment,  but  early  on  the  morning  of  the  2oth  one  of  the  strongest 
positions  of  the  enemy  was  charged  by  the  Kentucky  Brigade,  and  in 
this  charge  the  lamented  Helm  fell  mortally  wounded.  Lewis,  then 
senior  colonel,  was  immediately  notified,  and  promptly  assumed  com 
mand.  The  Fourth  and  Sixth  Regiments,  in  reaching  the  battery  of 
which  mention  has  been  made,  had  moved  obliquely  past  one  flank  of 
a  strong  Federal  position,  while  the  remainder  of  the  brigade  had 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  391 

struck  these  works  and  engaged  them.  The  enemy  pressing,  in  ap 
parently  overwhelming  numbers,  upon  these  regiments,  and  rendering 
it  necessary  for  the  Fourth  and  Sixth  to  rejoin  them  as  speedily  as  pos 
sible,  the  whole  command  was  thrown  into  momentary  confusion.  Ac 
companied  by  a  single  orderly,  Lewis  now  attempted  to  reach,  by  the 
shortest  route,  the  position  occupied  by  the  staff  of  Gen.  Helm,  and  to 
find  the  most  available  point  from  which  to  reform  and  direct  the 
movements  of  the  command.  Riding  rapidly  over  broken  ground, 
and  through  the  timber,  his  course  led  him  almost  directly  toward  a 
flank  of  the  enemy's  position,  and  he  did  not  perceive  his  danger  until 
he  was  within  seventy  yards  of  the  Federals,  who  had  observed  him, 
and  were  holding  fire  in  the  expectation  of  making  him  prisoner. 
Seeing  his  predicament,  he  headed  his  horse  in  an  oblique  direction, 
put  spurs  and  dashed  off  to  the  point  in  view  amid  a  shower  of  balls, 
neither  he  nor  the  orderly  receiving  injury,  though  the  bullets  were 
almost  literally  filling  the  air  around  them.  Order  was  soon  restored, 
and  he  conducted  the  brigade  through  the  operations  of  the  day.  His 
command  was  foremost  of  all  in  the  charge  of  the  evening  that  de 
cided  the  fortunes  of  the  day. 

Immediately  after  this  battle  he  was  highly  recommended  by  Gen. 
Breckinridge  for  promotion,  and  soon  received  notice  of  his  appoint 
ment  as  brigadier-general,  to  take  rank  from  September  30,  1863. 

At  the  battle  of  Mission  Ridge,  November  25th,  he  was  detached 
with  his  command  from  Breckinridge's  division  early  in  the  morning, 
and  sent  to  the  extreme  right  of  the  Confederate  position  for  the  pur 
pose  of  supporting  Cleburne.  During  the  day  the  enemy  made  re 
peated  attempts  to  dislodge  this  division,  but  were  always  repulsed, 
with  slight  loss  to  the  Confederates.  At  nightfall  Cleburne  was  or 
dered  to  abandon  the  works,  and  with  his  own  troops,  Lewis'  brigade 
and  First  and  Ninth  Kentucky  Cavalry,  to  protect  the  rear  of  the 
army  that  was  now  moving  rapidly  upon  Dalton.  For  two  days  they 
skirmished  heavily  with  the  enemy,  suffering  little,  but  inflicting  seri 
ous  loss  at  times,  upon  the  assailants,  and  effectually  protecting  the 
retreating  army. 

When  Sherman  made  his  demonstration  on  Johnston's  position  at 
I'alton,  February,  1864,  Gen.  Bate  was  absent,  and  the  command  of 
the  division  devolving  upon  Gen.  Lewis,  he  conducted  its  movements 
until  Sherman  withdrew. 

When  the  campaign  opened  at  Dalton,  May  yth,  1864,  he  was 
"  present  for  duty,"  as  usual;  and  during  these  four  months  of  hard 
ship,  danger,  and  anxiety  for  the  cause,  he  was  not  absent  a  single 
day — skirmishes  in  force,  charges,  defense — all  things  he  shared  with 
his  men,  with  a  constancy  and  fortitude  as  admirable  as  his  courage 


392  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

was  marked  and  conspicuous.  In  one  of  the  closing  engagements  of 
this  campaign,  Jonesboro',  August  3ist,  while  advancing  under  that 
sweeping  artillery  fire  elsewhere  described,  he  was  struck  by  a  shrap 
nel  shot,  on  the  left  breast,  but  with  no  other  injury  than  a  bruise,  and 
it  did  not  arrest  his  advance.  This,  strange  to  say,  was  the  only  time 
he  was  struck  during  the  war. 

September  7th,  he  received  an  order  from  Gen.  Hood  to  retire  to 
Griffin,  for  the  purpose  of  mounting  his  men.  He  immediately  set 
about  the  work;  dispatched  officers  in  search  of  the  horses  that  Stone- 
man  and  McCook  had  left  upon  their  line  of  march ;  put  a  detail  to 
work  on  saddles;  besieged  the  Government — in  short,  used  every  ex 
ertion  fully  to  mount  and  equip  the  command;  but  more  than  a  month 
afterward  we  find  him  complaining  to  Gen.  Hood,  that  not  exceeding 
two-thirds  of  his  men  were  mounted,  and  that,  in  this  crippled  condi 
tion,  he  was  to  be  left  in  the  rear  of  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee. 

When  Sherman  left  Atlanta,  November  i2th,  on  his  march  for  the 
coast,  Lewis  was  at  Stockbridge,  a  few  miles  south.  Powerless  to  offer 
any  effectual  resistance,  he  retired  slowly  toward  Macon,  skirmishing 
daily  with  the  enemy's  advance,  watching  for  an  opportunity  to  punish 
him.  The  march  to  Savannah,  thence  into  South  Carolina,  the  opera 
tions  before  Sumter  and  Camden,  the  surrender  at  Washington,  etc., 
have  been  noticed  with  sufficient  minuteness  elsewhere,  and  Gen. 
Lewis'  name  is  so  inseparably  connected  with  those  details  as  to  render 
further  mention  unnecessary. 

Of  Gen.  Lewis,  as  an  officer,  it  may  be  truly  said  that  he  owed 
his  distinction  to  merit.  Reflecting  men  will  understand  the  force 
of  this  when  they  revert  to  the  fact  that,  even  in  military  affairs,  impu 
dence  often  goes  farther  than  sense,  and  dogged  perseverance  in  urging 
claims  to  notice  places  men  in  position  and  power  whose  talents  are 
mediocre  and  whose  merit  is  small.  He  never  pressed  his  claims  to 
personal  consideration,  nor  courted  favor  with  high  or  low.  For  his 
men  he  was  ever  solicitous,  guarding  their  interests  with  a  warmth 
that  made  his  efforts  seem  more  of  a  fatherly  care  than  a  mere  per 
formance  of  duty. 

But  so  reserved  was  he  in  all  things  that  looked  like  asking  the  favor 
able  regard  of  his  men,  that  they  knew  nothing  of  these  things,  save  as 
they  saw  the  result  of  his  efforts,  or  learned  of  them  through  other 
channels.  To  that  unsoldierly  conduct,  of  which  even  good  officers 
were  sometimes  guilty,  of  seeking  to  curry  favor  with  the  men  by 
unfavorable  allusions  to  the  conduct  of  their  superiors,  hiding  their 
own  faults  behind  the  alleged  delinquencies  of  others,  he  never  stooped. 

It  is  the  opinion  of  those  who  observed  him  in  all  his  relations  dur 
ing  the  service  that  he  appeared  to  uncommon  advantage  on  the  field 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  393 

of  battle.  It  has  been  alleged  that  he  often  exposed  himself  unneces 
sarily,  but  it  was  this  disregard  of  danger  that  made  him  so  effective  in 
the  handling  of  troops.  He  placed  himself  promptly  at  the  most 
available  point  for  observation  or  for  leading  on,  let  the  danger  be 
much  or  little;  and  here,  cool,  self-possessed,  and  correctly  viewing 
the  situation,  no  opportunity  for  taking  and  following  up  an  advantage 
escaped  him.  He  is  said  to  have  preferred  the  infantry  service.  Pick 
eting,  light  skirmishing,  and  raiding  were  not  so  agreeable  to  him,  be 
cause  not  so  useful,  as  "  pounding  continuously." 

Of  some  men  we  form  a  favorable  opinion  at  a  glance.  They  have 
a  suavity  and  grace  of  manner,  a  smiling  urbanity,  a  communicative 
turn  of  mind,  that  win  us  at  once,  often  to  disappoint  us  afterward. 
Others,  blunt,  outspoken,  with  strong  feelings,  and  a  perfect  freedom 
from  dissimulation,  generally  make  unfavorable  impressions  at  first 
sight,  that  it  requires  time  and  a  more  perfect  knowledge  of  the  char 
acter  to  obliterate.  In  his  personal  relations,  Gen.  Lewis  was  as  far 
removed  from  obsequiousness  as  any  man  living.  A  kind  of  irascibility 
of  temper,  and  an  intensity  of  feeling  against  those  with  whom  he  had 
cause  to  be  displeased,  that  almost  amounted  to  bitter  scorn,  often  re 
pelled  approach,  and  sometimes  deeply  offended ;  and  once  having  made 
an  enemy,  he  never  took  pains  to  repair  the  breach.  But  behind  this 
unaffected  and  apparently  harsh  exterior,  those  who  knew  him  most 
intimately,  and  watched  his  career  with  a  dispassionate  scrutiny,  knew 
that  he  possessed  a  warm  and  generous  heart. 

One  one  occasion,  when  there  was  excitement  and  threatened  trouble 
among  the  men  of  the  Sixth  and  Ninth  Regiments,  (while  he  was  colonel 
of  the  Sixth,)  on  account  of  unjust  distinction  being  made  between  them 
and  the  First  Kentucky  Cavalry,  Morgan's  squadron,  and  the  Fifth 
Infantry,  he  was  unusually  taciturn  for  days  together,  and  made  no 
loud  protestations  of  love  to  the  men,  and  determination  to  see  justice 
cone  to  them.  He  listened  to  all  complaints,  but  said  little,  and  that 
little  not  of  a  nature  to  exonerate  him  from  any  imputation  that  might 
have  been  brought  against  him ;  but  he  was  all  the  time  pondering  in 
his  own  mind,  and  consulting  with  his  confidential  officers  as  to  what 
A\  as  best  to  be  done,  and  doing  it.  Hanson,  then  commanding  bri 
gade,  was  put  in  possession  of  the  facts ;  Breckinridge  was  appealed 
to — every  thing  he  could  reasonably  and  honorably  do,  to  secure  the 
strictest  justice  and  quiet  the  men,  was  done.  He  wrote  a  personal 
letter  to  Gen.  Breckinridge,  in  which  these  passages  occur,  and  do  him 
infinite  credit: 

"  I  do  not  fear  open  resistance  to  authority  ;  but  I  have  not  the  philos 
ophy  to  meet,  with  composure,  the  gradual  destruction  of  a  regiment, 
by  a  slow  poison,  that  has  hitherto  conducted  itself  so  gallantly. 


394  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

' '  I  desire,  as  I  have  done  from  the  beginning,  to  do  the  service  all 
the  good  in  my  power,  in  any  sphere  in  which  I  may  be  placed, 
and  I  ask  for  no  more  honorable  position  than  the  command  of  the 
Sixth  Kentucky  Regiment ;  but  I  wish  to  be  spared  the  pain  of  wit 
nessing  its  defection  on  account  of  unjust  treatment." 

Earnestness  and  devotion  to  the  cause  which  he  espoused  were  dis 
tinguishing  traits  of  his  character.  No  man  served  more  constantly, 
with  more  unflagging  determination,  with  a  more  real  singleness  of 
purpose  and  unflinching  integrity,  than  he. 

In  the  administration  of  affairs  he  was  probably  as  little  influenced  by 
considerations  of  personal  friendships  and  preferences  as  any  man 
could  be.  He  seemed  to  have  continually  in  view  "  the  greatest 
good  of  the  greatest  number,"  and  dared  to  do  what  he  considered  to 
be  best. 

The  manner  in  which  he  received  the  intelligence  of  Lee's  surren 
der,  and  the  truce  pending  between  Johnston  and  Sherman — such 
emotion  in  one  usually  so  stern  and  immobile — speaks  more  plainly 
than  words  how  dear  was  the  cause  for  which  he  had  so  often  perilled 
his  life.  When  Young  received  the  dispatch  from  Gen.  Johnston,  an 
nouncing  the  surrender  of  Gen.  Lee,  and  his  own  truce  with  Sherman, 
and  ordering  Young  to  withdraw  toward  Columbia,  he  rode  imme 
diately  to  Gen.  Lewis,  who  was  skirmishing  with  Potter's  rear  guard, 
and  handed  him  the  order.  He  glanced  hurriedly  over  it,  his  eyes 
filled  with'  tears,  and,  his  voice  trembling  with  emotion,  he  exclaimed, 
"  All  is  lost!"  and  turned  away  abruptly  to  order  the  withdrawal  of 
his  troops. 

The  following  incidents  show  with  what  pride  he  viewed  his  men, 
and  how  solicitous  he  was  for  the  reputation  that  they  had  won.  In  an 
address,  issued  to  the  command  at  Pine  Mountain,  June  15,  1864,  he 
says  :  "  This  brigade  has  the  confidence  of  the  commanding  general 
of  the  army,  and  the  admiration  of  the  entire  South,  and  it  is  justly 
the  pride  of  our  friends  at  home.  It  is  but  speaking  the  literal  truth 
to  say  that  no  body  of  men  has  a  wider  and  more  enviable  reputation; 
and,  as  a  matter  of  course,  upon  no  similar  organization  does  such  re 
sponsibility  rest."  At  Dalton,  February,  1864,  the  writer,  at  the  re 
quest  of  the  editor  of  the  "Southern  Illustrated  News,"  prepared  a 
biographical  sketch  of  Gen.  Lewis  for  that  journal.  When  appealed 
to  for  permission  to  publish  it,  he  replied,  "  No,  no!  don't  do  that;  I 
am  not  entitled  to  that  particular  consideration." 

"But,"  we  ventured  to  remonstrate,  "  the  devotion  and  heroism 
of—" 

"  Oh,  yes,"  he  interrupted,  "  I  know  about  heroism,  and  all  that, 
but  every  man  in  the  Kentucky  Brigade  is  a  hero!" 


396  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

He  went  with  Col.  McKee  to  Mexico,  and  remained  till  the  expira 
tion  of  his  term  of  service,  and  improved  the  opportunity  to  win  a 
reputation  which  was  inferior  to  that  of  no  company  commander  of 
Kentucky  volunteers  in  the  operations  preceding  the  only  battle  of 
importance  in  which  they  were  engaged,  and  in  the  battle. 

With  a  disposition  naturally  stern  and  exacting,  he  did  not  fail  to 
bring  his  company  to  as  high  state  of  discipline  as  possible  under  the 
circumstances;  and  when  the  ordeal  came,  on  that  day  noted  in  our 
calendar,  February  23,  1848,  at  Buena  Vista,  he  is  said  to  have  dis 
played  not  only  the  same  unflinching  courage  for  which  he  was  dis 
tinguished  in  the  Confederate  army,  but  a  cool  judgment,  that  enabled 
him  to  handle  his  command  to  the  greatest  advantage  possible  to  one 
acting  under  immediate  orders,  and  in  conjunction  with  other  com 
panies  of  the  regiment.  The  manner  in  which  he  sheltered  his  men 
from  unnecessary  exposure  when  not  engaged,  and  brought  them  into 
action  when  McKee  went  forward,  was  long  a  subject  of  remark ;  and 
when  Lieut. -Col.  Clay  fell  from  his  horse,  mortally  wounded,  Capt. 
Moss  had  the  presence  of  mind,  in  the  sad  confusion  that  momentarily 
ensued,  to  perceive  that  the  regular  infirmary  detail  was  not  available, 
and  accordingly  ordered  some  of  his  men  to  bear  him  from,  the  field, 
which  they  attempted  to  do,  and  one  of  them,  Austin  M.  Chaudoin, 
was  killed  while  thus  engaged.  His  service  to  that  unfortunate  officer 
was  afterward  acknowledged  by  Mrs.  Clay  in  a  substantial  present  to 
Mrs.  Chaudoin. 

It  is  to  be  regretted  that  there  is  not  a  more  complete  record  of  this 
part  of  his  life;  but  he  was  never  communicative,  even  to  his  most 
trusted  friends,  and  could  scarcely  be  induced  to  speak  of  his  own  ad 
ventures  and  exploits— a  fact  which  renders  more  valuable,  however, 
the  meager  accounts  that  have  come  down  to  us,  since  those  who  are 
continually  recounting  incidents  involving  their  own  personal  prowess 
are  seldom  credited  by  their  listeners,  even  though  they  may  some 
times  keep  strictly  within  the  bounds  of  truth. 

After  having  returned  .from  Mexico,  he  again  engaged  in  trade, 
chiefly  in  live  stock  and  produce,  for  which  he  sought  a  Southern 
market ;  and  his  transactions  were  so  uniformly  fortunate  that,  at4he 
beginning  of  hostilities  in  1861,  he  had  amassed  a  large  property^and 
had  a  reputation  for  both  sound  judgment  and  promptness,  and  his  in 
tegrity  in  business  transactions  commanded  the  respect  and  confidence 
of  all  who  knew  him. 

His  principles,  however,  soon  called  upon  him  to  risk  all,  and,  as  it 
proved,  to  lose  all.  The  knowledge  that  war  was  again  in  the  land 
aroused  at  once  his  martial  fire.  In  June,  1861,  having  now  been 
some  years  a  citizen  of  Columbus,  Kentucky,  he  raised  a  company, 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  397 

consisting  cnietly  of  young  men   from    Ilickman  and   Ballard  Coun- 
tieSr-which  was  the  first  to  clear  a  space  and  pitch  a  tent  at  Camp 

V.nnnp. 

His  company  was  organized  on  the  5th  of  July,  1861,  and  he  was 
elected  its  captain.  The  same  firm  and  determined  disposition  mani 
fested  sixteen  years  before,  in  a  similar  capacity,  now  contributed  to 
the  preparation  of  these  men  for  many  conflicts,  beside  which  Buena 
Vista  pales  in  comparison.  But,  though  considered  stern,  strict,  and 
precise  in  the  requirement  and  in  the  performance  of  duty,  he  was 
devoted  to  his  men,  proud  of  them,  solicitous  for  their  personal  com- 
f(  >rt,  as  well  as  their  reputation,  and  the  consequence  was  that  they 
trusted  and  honored  him.  When  the  Second  Regiment  first  went  into 
battle,  it  was  looked  upon  as  a  matter  of  course  that  he  would  set  a 
noble  example  to  his  men  and  to  hitherto  untried  officers ;  and  one 
who  served  with  him  throughout,  and  knew  him  well,  expressed  him 
self,  when  speaking  of  Col.  Moss,  to  the  effect  that  he  never  saw  a 
braver  man  in  battle  nor  a  more  collected  one ;  that  he  was  so  much 
so,  indeed,  that  he  seemed  as  wholly  insensible  of  fear  as  though  he 
knew  himself  invulnerable. 

He  fought  at  Donelson,  and  shared  the  subsequent  imprisonment  of 
the  command  ;  then  at  Hartsville,  commanding  there  the  right  wing  of 
the  regiment,  In  the  absence  of  all  but  one  of  the  field  officers;  and 
on  the  i3th  of  December,  1862,  he  was  promoted  to  major,  and 
fought  in  that  capacity  at  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga. 
After  the  fall  of  Lieut.-Col.  Hewitt,  September  20,  1863,  he  was 
promoted  to  that  rank ;  and,  a  little  later,  on  the  resignation  of 
Col.  Johnson,  to  colonel,  October  19,  1863.  He  now  commanded  the 
regiment  in  every  subsequent  battle  up  to  the  3151  of  August,  1864, 
when,  endeavoring  to  press  forward  upon  the  enemy's  works,  under 
their  withering  fire,  he  had  an  arm  shattered,  and,  having  been  pre 
viously  greatly  debilitated  by  ill  health,  he  directly  became  so  weak 
ened  with  loss  of  blood  and  excruciating  pain  that  he  could  not  drag 
himself  away,  nor  could  the  infirmary  detail  reach  him  without  the 
almost  certain  loss  of  many  lives;  so  he  fell  into  the  hands  of  the 
enemy,  and  was  carried  to  Marietta,  where  he  suffered  amputation, 
and  shortly  afterward  died  there. 

He  is  described  as  having  been,  in  the  opinion  of  those  who  ob 
served  him  closely,  a  man  of  uncommon  military  judgment,  both  as 
regarded  the  handling  of  his  own  command,  and  the  more  compre 
hensive  business  of  divining  the  purpose  and  plans  of  an  enemy  and 
suggesting  the  means  that  should  be  adopted  to  thwart  him.  And  he 
was  no  less  remarkable  for  a  disposition  to  act  upon  his  own  judgment, 
when  left  with  discretionary  power,  and  was  found,  in  the  main,  to  be 


398  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

correct,  even  when  he  chose  to  act  in  opposition  to  the  express 
opinions  of  others. 

His  ordinary  demeanor  was  rather  gruff  and  taciturn,  apparently 
severe,  and  as  blunt  as  that  of  "  Old  Jube;"  but  a  feature  of  his  char 
acter,  as  marked  as  those  of  his  bravery  and  self-reliance,  was  his 
warm  hearted  generosity  toward  his  family  and  friends.  He  evidently 
delighted  in  obliging  and  relieving  any  who  were  distressed.  "  This," 
says  one  who  was  intimate  with  him,  "  was  the  greatest  pleasure 
of  his  life;"  and  Dr.  Daniel  P.  White,  who  knew  him  from  boy 
hood,  replied  to  some  inquiries  of  the  writer,  that  he  "never  knew 
more  whole-souled  and  liberal-hearted  men  than  the  brothers  M«ss, 
who  were  grown  up  and  in  business  before  they  left  Greensburg."  He 
related  that  while  he  was  engaged  in  mercantile  trade  there,  it  was  a 
custom  with  Col.  Moss  (who  was  joined  in  it  by  his  brothers),  to.  leave 
a  standing  order  at  the  Establishment  to  let  his  father,  mother,  and  sis 
ters  have  everything  they  called  for  ;  that  the  account  during  the  year  was 
often  extravagantly  large,  but  never  questioned,  and  the  items  never 
asked  for.  They  would  simply  inquire  the  amount  when  the  day  of 
settlement  came,  and  pay  it. 

During  the  summer  campaign  of  1864,  the  health  of  Col.  Moss  be 
came  sadly  impaired,  and  in  August  he  had  sick  leave,  and  went 
down  to  Macon,  where,  after  a  few  days,  Chaplain  Pickett  met  him; 
and,  in  answer  to  inquiries  concerning  his  health,  he  replied  in  a  tone 
touched  with  sadness,  almost  with  the  solemnity  of  sorrow,  and  wholly 
unlike  himself,  that  he  was  not  improved;  "but,"  said  he,  firmly,  "I 
am  going  up  to  the  front."  The  chaplain  remonstrated,  and  insisted  that 
so  far  from  its  being  required  of  him,  it  would  be  absolute  injustice 
to  himself  to  enter  the  field  again  in  that  worn  and  feeble  state.  But 
he  was  not  to  be  moved,  and  declared  that  he  could  not  be  satisfied 
away  from  his  command  during  such  a  time  of  danger  and  responsibil 
ity.  Then  exclaiming,  "Yes,  yes;  I  must  go  up,"  concluded  the  in 
terview,  and,  like  one  impelled  by  some  mysterious  power  to  "  rush 
upon  the  thick  bosses"  of  his  fate,  he  set  out  directly  afterward,  ar 
rived  at  Jonesboro'  in  time  to  enter  the  charge  of  August  3ist,  and  re 
ceived  a  wound  that  terminated  a  gallant  and  devoted  career. 

Under  an  act  of  the  Legislature,  appropriating  a  sufEcieiiLa.ni£iunt  for 
that  purpose,  his  remains  were  brought  from  Marietta,  Ga.,  w-here 
they_ found  temporary  sepulture,  and  at  their  seventh  annual  reunion, 
September  26th,  1888,  the  Orphan  Brigade  reinterred.Jh£iiiJn__the 
Frankfort  Cemetery,  where  sleep  so  many  of  Kentucky's  famous  dead. 


COL.  PHILIP  L.  LEE. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  399 


COL.    PHILIP  LIGHTFOOT  LEE. 

The  third  son  of  Wilford  and  Margaret  Lee,  was  born  in  Bullitt 
County,  Ky.,  October  22d,  1832.  His  father,  who  emigrated  from 
Virginia  in  early  life,  was  intimately  related  to  the  old  revolutionary 
families  of  that  name,  and  possessed,  in  no  ordinary  degree,  their  high 
sense  of  freedom,  and  that  decision  of  character  which  forbids  a  man 
to  halt  between  duty  and  interest,  principle  and  policy.  The  subject 
of  our  sketch  was  educated  at  St.  Joseph's  College,  Bardstown,  grad 
uating  at  that  institution  at  eighteen  years  of  age.  He  shortly  after 
ward  entered  the  University  of  Louisville,  and,  in  1852,  at  the  age  of 
twenty,  he  graduated  in  the  law  class  there,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar.  In  the  practice  of  his  profession,  he  has  always  been  consid 
ered  by  his  friends  an  able  advocate,  and  particularly  so  before 
juries. 

In  1853,  not  having  yet  attained  to  his  majority,  he  was  elected  to 
represent  Bullitt  County  in  the  Legislature,  and  was,  it  is  said,  the 
youngest  member  who  ever  sat  in  that  body.  Here  he  served  two 
terms,  having  been  reflected  in  1855.  In  1856,  he  was  a  candidate  for 
presidential  elector  on  the  Fillmore  ticket,  in  opposition  to  Gov. 
Magoffin;  and,  in  1860,  was  on  the  electoral  ticket  for  Bell  and 
Everett,  opposed  by  Judge  Marcus  R.  Hardin  and  Capt.  Graves. 
This  canvass  is  described  as  a  most  spirited  one.  The  country  was 
aroused;  danger  to  our  institutions  seemed  imminent;  and  the  speakers 
were  excited  to  more  than  common  exertion.  For  three  months  they 
addressed  the  people  almost  daily ;  and,  in  this  contest,  the  strong 
points  of  Col.  Lee,  as  a  popular  debater,  so  fully  developed  them 
selves,  that,  before  the  close  of  the  campaign,  he  had  won  a  reputa 
tion  for  ready  polemic  wit,  a  certain  sharp  invective,  and,  when  it 
better  suited  his  turn,  a  broad,  old  Kentucky  humor,  all  of  which 
combined  to  make  him  an  antagonist  to  be  feared  on  the  stump,  since 
these  characteristics  enabled  him  to  suit  his  address  to  the  occasion, 
and  to  reach  every  class  of  people,  whose  sympathies,  it  appears,  he 
always  enlisted  in  his  favor,  if  not  in  that  of  the  men  whom  he  repre 
sented. 

Early  in  1861,  true  to  his  blood  and  lineage,  he  came  out  boldly  for 
the  South,  declaring  that  the  honor  of  Kentucky  was  at  stake,  that  an 
alliance  with  the  South  was  the  only  natural  and  legitimate  course  that 
Kentucky  could  pursue.  He  pronounced  the  neutrality  policy  "a 
foolish  and  impracticable  thing,"  a  trick  of  demagogues  to  deceive  the 
too-confiding  people  ;  and  he  advised  them  to  take  no  counsel  of  their 
fears,  nor  to  consider  for  a  moment  the  promptings  of  that  unworthy 


400  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

spirit  of  policy  that  led  men  to  stand  aloof  from  the  struggle,  or  to  ally 
themselves  with  the  strong  against  the  weak. 

He  continued  his  opposition  to  the  purposes  and  measures  of  the 
government  until  further  efforts  were  vain,  and  the  chances  for  giving 
the  Confederacy  substantial  aid  were  growing  more  and  more  danger 
ous  and  uncertain,  when  he  set  about  enlisting  men  for  the  Southern 
service,  and  soon  repaired,  with  more  than  a  hundred  young  men — 
emphatically  young  men,  for  there  was  but  one  married  man  among 
them  all — to  a  point  in  Tennessee,  near  the  Kentucky  line,  where,  in 
company  with  Moss,  Breckinridge,  and  Tilghman,  July  4th,  1861,  he 
assisted  in  laying  out  the  now  historic  Camp  Boone.  July  i6th, 
his  company  was  organized  under  the  designation  of  C,  Second 
Kentucky,  of  which  he  was  elected  captain.  Shortly  after  this,  he 
was  ordered  by  Col.  Bob  Johnson,  then  commanding,  to  take  charge 
of  a  hundred  picked  men,  and  penetrate  as  far  as  practicable  into 
Kentucky,  for  the  purpose  of  disarming  home-guards,  and  securing 
guns  for  the  Confederate  troops.  Accordingly,  August  2oth,  he  set 
out  with  his  detachment,  (among  whom  was  the  gallant  and  soldierly 
Graves),  and,  capturing  a  train  of  cars,  he  proceeded  almost  as  far  as 
Bowling  Green.  But  the  news  preceded  him;  the  cry  had  been  raised 
that  the  rebels  were  coming,  and  the  points  along  the  route  were 
hastily  abandoned  by  the  redoubtable  militia,  while  the  "  rebel"  cap 
tain,  who  was  compelled  to  confine  himself  to  the  road,  returned  with 
no  other  fruits  of  his  expedition  than  having  proved  a  dreadful  fright 
to  "the  defenders  of  their  homes."  This  incident  is  noteworthy  chiefly 
on  account  of  its  having  been  the  first  Confederate  raid  into  Ken 
tucky,  and  the  capture  of  the  first  train. 

Henceforth,  until  the  disastrous  close  of  the  great  struggle,  his  his 
tory  is  interwoven  with  that  of  the  immortal  Second  Regiment,  whose 
exploits  at  Donelson,  in  which  it  alone  of  the  First  Brigade  took  part, 
as  we  have  elsewhere  noticed,  sent  a  thrill  of  joy  to  the  hearts  of  Ken 
tucky  soldiers  everywhere.  Though  they  were  defeated  and  in  cap 
tivity,  there  was  a  secret  pride  to  those  who  had  not  yet  engaged  the 
foe,  in  the  knowledge  that  these,  their  brothers,  had  upheld  the  tradi 
tional  honor  of  Kentucky  on  one  bloody  field,  and  that,  sooner  or 
later,  their  example  should  be  emulated;  that  the  old  State,  through 
these  her  representatives  in  the  Army  of  the  South,  should  still  pre 
serve  her  prestige ;  should  still  be  known  as  the  chivalrous  old  Ken 
tucky — first  and  worthy  daughter  of  the  "Mother  of  States" — "land 
of  fair  women  and  brave  men." 

Imprisoned  for  six  weary  months,  his  regiment  at  length  came  forth 
to  win  new  laurels  at  Hartsville.  It  is  unnecessary  to  dwell  upon  his 
particular  conduct  on  every  occasion,  for  that  has  passed  into  history. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  401 

to  be  known  and  read  of  all  men.  Suffice  it  to  say,  that  (what  the 
n  ader  has,  perhaps,  observed,  in  the  course  of  the  general  narrative) 
he  was  present  at  every  engagement  in  which  his  regiment  participated 
d  iring  the  war,  except  that  of  22d  of  July,  near  Atlanta,  and  de 
meaned  himself  alike  in  all.  Always  active  and  vigilant,  he  inspired 
confidence  and  won  honors  in  the  path  of  danger  and  of  duty.  At 
Chickamauga,  though  yet  in  the  line,  and  suffering,  too,  with  illness, 
he  was  acting  field  officer,  and  is  referred  to  in  the  report  of  the  com 
manding  officer  as  having  done  his  duty  "  with  his  accustomed  gal 
lantry."  Shortly  after  this  battle,  he  was  promoted  to  major,  and, 
November  5th,  to  lieutenant-colonel.  On  the  campaign  from  Dalton 
to  Atlanta,  he  received  the  only  wounds  that  were  inflicted  upon  him 
during  the  war.  He  was  painfully  wounded  at  Resaca,  May  i4th, 
and  received  at  Dallas,  May  28th,  a  slight  wound.  On  the  fall  of 
Moss,  at  Jonesboro',  August  3ist,  he  was  promoted  to  colonel,  and 
commanded  the  Second  Regiment  till  the  close  of  the  war. 

P>y  reference  to  our  account  of  the  operations  in  South  Carolina,  it 
wi'.I  be  seen  that,  by  a  well-planned,  timely,  and  properly  executed 
an'.buscade,  at  McClernand's  Ford,  Lee,  with  his  regiment  alone,  suc 
ceeded  in  repulsing  and  heading  off  an  overwhelming  Federal  column, 
and  saving  the  brigade  train  from  falling  into  their  hands. 

A  writer  in  the  Louisville  Courier,  some  years  ago,  gave  us  a  descrip 
tion  of  Col.  Lee  in  the  following  terms,  which,  though  very  general, 
are  yet  accurate,  and  give  us  a  tolerably  fair  idea  of  his  personnel : 
"  In  stature,  medium,  with  a  heavy,  muscular  frame;  a  piercing  gray 
eye.  and  a  countenance  beaming  with  genial  good  humor." 

In  the  army,  as  well  as  at  home,  the  suavity  and  cheerfulness  of  his 
general  deportment  made  him  friends;  and  the  esteem  in  which  he  was 
held  in  his  own  regiment  attested  the  goodness  of  his  heart.  To  him  it 
was  a  source  of  great  pride  that  he  always  had  the  love  of  the  brave 
boys  who  were  under  his  orders ;  that  he  was  always  welcomed  with  a 
smile  and  pleasing  courtesy,  whether  at  the  marquee  of  the  general  or 
the  c  amp-fire  of  the  soldier.  Gen.  Hanson  once  remarked  that  "  Phil 
Lee's  flow  of  spirits,  his  pleasantry,  and  genial  wit  go  far  toward  light 
ening  the  toils  of  a  campaign,  since  they  always  keep  the  regiment  in 
good  humor."  The  strength  of  his  attachments,  the  generous  feelings 
of  his  heart,  are  attested  by  the  importance  that  he  attached  to  these 
things.  To  have  been  the  object  of  devoted  friendship,  to  have  pos 
sessed  the  brotherly  esteem  of  his  comrades  in  arms,  was  as  much  a 
source  of  honest  and  soldierly  pride  as  to  have  walked  undismayed 
over  the  many  fields  where  Death  held  his  carnival.  Speaking  of  the 
fall  of  his  lieutenants,  Thomas  and  Rogers,  there  was  a  pathetic  force 
in  the  language  that  went  to  the  heart,  and  it  bears  out  the  esti- 


402  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

mate  of  this  feature  of  his  character.  ' '  Poor  fellows !  "  said  he  ;  "  after 
having  suffered  a  long  imprisonment  with  me  at  Camp  Chase  and  John 
son's  Island,  they  were  killed  under  my  eye,  at  Hartsville,  within  five 
minutes  of  each  other.  Rogers,  who  had  been  my  schoolmate,  my 
earliest  and  best  friend,  and  who  loved  me  as  an  elder  brother,  died  in 
my  arms.  Two  braver  hearts  than  those  that  beat  in  the  bosoms  of 
Charlie  Thomas  and  John  Rogers  never  gave  their  life's  blood  for  the 
cause  of  freedom  !  " 

Returning  to  Kentucky  soon  after  the  war  closed,  he  resumed  the 
practice  of  law,  at  first  in  Bardstown,  but  afterward  locating  in  Louis 
ville.  There  he  married,  (June  2$d,  1866,)  an  elegant  and  accom 
plished  lady,  Miss  Belle  B.  Bridgeford,  daughter  of  James  Bridgeford, 
one  of  the  leading  stove  founders  of  the  country. 

In  1868  he  was  nominated  on  the  Democratic  ticket  for  Common 
wealth's  Attorney  for  the  Louisville  district,  and  elected  by  a  large  ma 
jority,  and  was  re-elected  in  1874.  Soon  after  entering  upon  this 
second  term,  however,  and  when  still  a  young  man,  he  died  (July 
1 2th,  1875).  The  high  esteem  in  which  he  was  held  is  indicated  by 
the  fact  that  on  the  announcement  of  his  death  the  flag  on  the  City 
Hall  was  lowered  to  half  mast,  and  the  bells  were  tolled. 

The  Commercial  of  July  i3th,  spoke  of  his  ability,  worth  and  influ 
ence  as  follows  : 

"  He  filled  the  position  of  prosecuting  attorney  with  distinguished 
ability.  As  a  pleader  the  Louisville  bar  has  had  but  few  men  who 
could  compare  to  Col.  Lee.  Brilliant  and  passionate  as  a  speaker,  he 
never  failed  to  exert  a  wonderful  effect  upon  the  jury ;  and  for  the 
first  time  in  the  history  of  the  court,  a  distinguished  attorney  for  the 
defense  in  a  certain  case  based  a  motion  for  a  new  trial  on  the  ground 
of  the  undue  influence  of  Col.  Lee's  passionate  eloquence  upon  the 
jury.  He  was  the  most  severe  prosecutor  that  the  Circuit  Court  has  ever 
had,  and  perhaps  did  more  to  enforce  the  law  and  mete  out  justice  to 
criminals  than  any  man  who  ever  held  the  position.  It  is  said  that 
while  he  was  prosecuting  there  was  not  a  single  verdict  of  acquittal  on 
the  charge  of  homicide. 

"  He  was  a  constant  and  hard  worker,  and,  by  close  application  to 
his  profession  and  laborious  efforts  as  prosecuting  attorney,  he  broke 
down  his  constitution.  For  nearly  two  years  he  has  been  unable  to 
appear  at  his  place  in  court,  and  for  more  than  a  year  was  so  wasted 
by  disease  as  to  be  little  more  than  a  walking  skeleton.  He  breathed 
his  last,  surrounded  by  his  family  and  a  number  of  devoted  friends." 


COL.  ROBERT   P.  TRABUE. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  403 


COL.   R.   P.  TRABUE. 

The  Trabues  of  Kenlucky  are  descended  from  an  old  Virginia  stock, 
and,  from  the  earliest  known  history  of  the  country,  have  been  of  the 
most  decidedly  martial  disposition — engaging  in  the  Indian  wars  in 
Virginia,  1755-60;  in  the  Revolutionary  War;  in  the  border  troubles 
of  Kentucky,  Indiana,  and  Illinois;  and  lastly,  in  the  heroic  straggle  of 
the  South.  When  the  late  war  broke  out  there  were  of  the  name,  and 
related  to  Col.  R.  P.  Trabue,  in  the  States  of  Kentucky,  Missouri,  Illi 
nois,  Tennessee,  and  Mississippi,  thirty-five  able-bodied  men,  fit  to  bear 
arms,  of  whom  thirty-two  united  their  fortunes  with  the  Army  of  the 
Confederate  States. 

In  November,  1777,  James  and  Daniel,  two  younger  brothers  of 
William  Trabue,  (who  served  during  the  Revolution  as  an  officer  of 
the  Virginia  line,  and  from  whom  descended  the  late  Hon.  George 
A.fred  Caldwell,  of  Louisville,)  enlisted  in  Caroline  County,  Virginia, 
urder  Gen.  George  Rogers  Clarke,  for  the  expedition  into  the  western 
wilds,  to  attack  the  British  garrisons  at  Kaskaskia  and  Vincennes. 
James  Trabue  was  appointed  to  the  then  hazardous  post  of  commissary- 
general  for  the  troops  in  the  West,  and  Col.  Daniel  Trabue  (as  he  was 
afterward  designated)  was  the  issuing  commissary.  They  filled  these 
positions  until  the  objects  of  the  expedition  had  been  accomplished, 
when  they  settled  in  Kentucky.  Daniel  settled  in  what  is  now  known 
as  \Voodford  County,  and  remained  there  until  1795,  when  he  re 
moved  to  that  portion  of  Greene  which  was  afterward  Adair  County, 
and  here  he  died  in  1840.  His  son,  Daniel  Trabue,  Jr.,  was  for  some 
years  a  merchant  in  the  latter  county,  but  afterward  removed  to  Colum 
bia,  where  he  remained  till  the  year  1853,  when  he  removed  to  Texas. 
Mrs.  Trabue  died  on  the  Gulf,  before  reaching  Galveston,  but  himself 
lived  in  Texas  till  1865,  when  he  died,  leaving  several  sons  and  daugh 
ters  residents  of  that  State.  A  brother  of  his,  James  Trabue,  is  one  of 
the  oldest  and  most  respectable  merchants  of  Louisville,  Kentucky. 
Thus  we  find  that  from  a  time  prior  to  the  Revolution,  through  all  the 
trials  that  have  beset  the  country — in  war,  in  peace — the  family  has 
been  prolific  of  brave,  enterprising,  and  honorable  men. 

The  subject  of  this  memoir  was  the  son  of  Daniel  Trabue,  Jr.  His 
mother's  maiden  name  was  Mary  Paxton,  a  daughter  of  Capt.  Robert 
Paxton,  who  commanded  a  company  of  Kentuckians  at  the  battle  of 
New  Orleans,  where  he  is  said  to  have  deported  himself  gallantly. 
Robert  Paxton  Trabue  was  born  in  Columbia,  Adair  County,  Ken 
tucky,  January  ist,  1824.  He  was  brought  up  in  his  native  town,  and 
his  education,  acquired  in  the  schools  of  that  place,  was  considered  a 


404  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

liberal  one.  While  quite  a  young  man  he  began  the  study  of  the  law 
under  Judge  Zach  Wheat,  who  was  then  practicing  in  Columbia.  He 
afterward  went  to  Frankfort,  and  spent  some  months  under  the  imme 
diate  care  and  instruction  of  Judge  Thos.  B.  Monroe,  when  he  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar,  and  returned  to  Columbia,  where  he  practiced  suc 
cessfully,  and  exhibited,  at  that  early  age,  those  qualities  for  which  he 
was  subsequently  distinguished — a  ready  comprehension  of  the  law, 
even  in  its  abstruse  points;  a  studiousness  that  was  remarkable  in  one 
whose  constitutional  vigor  impelled  him  to  almost  ceaseless  bodily 
activity ;  a  close  attention  to  the  business  intrusted  to  him ;  and  a 
bold,  fearless  advocacy  of  whatever  cause  he  chose  to  espouse.  When 
a  call  was  made  for  volunteers  to  serve  in  Mexico,  the  old  adventurous 
spirit  of  the  family  could  not  be  repressed.  The  remonstrance  of  more 
lethargic  friends,  the  tempting  business  prospects  before  him,  the  pleas 
ures  that  naturally  wait  upon  an  accomplished  and  rising  young  man,  had 
no  power  to  cool  his  military  ardor.  He  accordingly  enlisted  in  the 
company  of  Capt.  John  C.  Squires,  and  was  made  second-lieutenant. 
The  company  marched  to  Camp  Butler,  near  Louisville,  where  a  regi 
ment  was  organized  under  Col.  John  S.  Williams,  who  immediately 
recommended  the  promotion  of  young  Trabue  to  the  rank  of  first- 
lieutenant  and  adjutant,  and  the  appointment  was  made.  He  served 
in  this  capacity  with  much  ability  and  deserved  popularity  till  near  the 
close  of  the  war,  when,  Capt.  Squires  having  died,  he  was  unani 
mously  chosen  captain  of  that  company,  which  position  he  filled  until 
the  troops  were  disbanded.  After  his  return  from  Mexico,  he  settled 
in  Mississippi,  and  resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  the  courts 
of  that  State  and  of  Louisiana.  His  energy,  ability,  and  unexcep 
tionable  deportment,  soon  gave  him  social  position  and  a  professional 
reputation.  In  185-,  he  was  married  to  a  beautiful  and  accomplished 
young  lady,  Miss  Hibernia,  daughter  of  Dr.  Inge,  of  Natchez.  When 
it  became  evident  that  the  North  would  resort  to  coercive  measures, 
and  thus  inaugurate  an  unjustifiable  war  on  the  South,  he  at  once  ap 
plied  to  the  Confederate  Government  for  authority  to  raise  a  .regiment 
of  Kentuckians  for  the  service,  which  was  readily  obtained,  and  he  set 
out  for  his  native  State.  The  enlistment  and  organization  of  the 
Fourth  Regiment  Kentucky  Volunteers  has  already  been  noticed  at 
length.  Of  this  command  he  was  made  colonel,  September  23d,  1861. 
During  this  fall  and  winter  he  was  actively  engaged  in  exercising  a 
general  supervision  over  the  several  departments  of  business  connected 
with  his  command — arming,  equipping — and  not  forgetting  to  con 
tribute  in  every  way  in  his  power  to  their  personal  comfort.  When  the 
troops  of  Gen.  Albert  Sidney  Johnston  had  arrived  at  Burnsville  and 
Corinth,  March,  1862,  and  Gen.  Breckinridge  was  named  to  the  com- 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  405 

mand  of  the  Reserve  Corps,  Col.  Trabue  was  placed  in  command  of 
the  Kentucky  Brigade,  and  conducted  its  movements  at  Shiloh.  No 
man,  who  observed  his  deportment  during  that  eventful  struggle,  can 
ever  erase  from  his  mind  the  impression  then  made.  This,  to  the 
Kentucky  infantry,  was  its  day  of  trial.  For  the  first  time  they  beheld 
their  own  hosts  marshalling  for  the  fight;  for  the  first  time  they  ad 
vanced  over  ground  strewn  with"  the  still  warm,  but  mangled  and 
ghastly  corpses  of  friend  and  foe,  where  the  smell  of  blood  came  reek 
ing  up  to  greet  them  as  they  passed;  for  the  first  time  they  stood 
quiescent  under  the  iron  storm  of  a  battery,  met  the  withering  sheet  of 
lead-laden  fire  from  the  deadly  rifles,  or  poised  the  bayonet  for  the 
dashing  charge.  Early  in  the  action  a  commanding  figure  was  ob 
served  to  ride  along  the  line,  ordering  the  necessary  movements  in  a 
clear,  calm  voice,  as  natural  in  its  tones,  and  apparently  as  free  from 
excitement  as  when  on  review.  Ever  and  anon  it  appeared  to  each 
regiment  in  turn,  frequently  issuing  orders  to  the  regimental  officers  in 
person,  or  making  some  remark  as  to  the  progress  of  the  battle.  It 
was  Trabue,  and  there  was  a  little  phrase,  the  force  of  which  his  men, 
for  the  first  time,  understood — "  coolness  and  intrepidity" — there  was 
the  embodiment  before  their  eyes.  A  graceful  rider  at  all  times,  he 
seemed  doubly  graceful  now — erect,  steady,  undisturbed,  while  sitting 
to  observe  the  enemy  or  his  own  troops — without  constraint  of  motion 
while  passing  from  point  to  point.  What  Kentuckian  could  have 
failed  to  notice  and  to  emulate  so  bright  an  example  ! 

During  those  two  days  of  carnage  it  was  presented  to  them,  and  the 
effect  was  salutary.  He  issued  orders  and  directed  movements  with  a 
nonchalance  that  would  have  done  credit  to  the  hero  of  Ciudad  Rod- 
rigo  and  Waterloo,  and  the  men  executed  them  with  a  promptness  and 
spirit  that  gladdened  his  gallant  heart.  He  escaped  unhurt,  and  led 
the  brigade  to  Corinth  after  the  battle,  where  he  continued  to  com 
mand  it  until  a  division  in  the  Kentucky  troops  was  made,  and  two 
brigades  were  formed  of  them  and  others,  and  placed  under  the  re 
spective  commands  of  Hawes  and  Preston.  On  the  i3th  of  April, 
Gen.  Breckinridge  recommended  him  for  promotion  to  the  brigadier- 
general  "  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  at  Shiloh."  Though  his 
qualifications  for  such  a  position  were  known  to  be  of  a  high  order, 
the  appointment  was  not  made,  probably  from  the  fact  that  there  had 
recently  been  so  many.  Helm,  Hawes,  Preston,  and  Tilghman  had 
already  been  promoted  to  that  rank,  and  commissions  had  been  issued 
to  Kentuckians  out  of  proportion  to  the  number  of  troops  they  had  in 
the  field.  He  accordingly  resumed  the  charge  of  his  own  regiment; 
but,  Hawes  leaving,  he  was  in  command  of  the  First  Brigade  on  the 
route  to  Vicksburg.  He  did  not  participate  in  the  engagement  at 


406  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

Baton  Rouge,  from  the  fact  that  he  was  absent  on  sick  leave  when  the 
division  was  ordered  to  that  place,  and  was  not  sufficiently  recovered 
to  rejoin  the  brigade  until  some  time  after  the  battle.  He  took  charge 
again,  however,  at  Comite  River,  and  after  the  Third  and  Seventh 
Regiments  were  sent  to  another  department,  and  the  other  Kentucky 
infantry  was  brigaded  together,  he  retained  command,  nominally,  until 
Hanson  reported  for  that  duty. 

Nothing  further  of  any  note  occurred  till  the  battle  of  Stone  River. 
When  Bragg  learned,  late  in  the  afternoon  of  Thursday,  January  ist 
(as  we  have  elsewhere  recorded),  that  the  enemy  had  moved  to  the 
right,  and  were  posting  artillery  on  the  bluffs,  an  order  came  at 
twilight  for  Hanson  to  move  forward  rapidly,  cross  the  middle  ford  in 
front  of  the  lines,  and  take  the  position.  It  is  said  that,  with  others, 
Col.  Trabue  denounced  the  project  as  impracticable  madness,  know 
ing  the  strength  of  the  position,  and  the  difficulty  of  assailing  it,  even 
with  the  most  determined  men.  Officers  of  the  division  are  repre 
sented  as  having  remonstrated  with  the  general  commanding — at  any 
rate  the  order  was  revoked;  but  by  the  next  afternoon  it  seems  to  have 
become  evident  to  Bragg  that  this  throwing  of  Breckinridge  with  his 
division  into  a  well-laid  trap  of  the  enemy  would  be  the  grand  coup 
de  grace  of  the  struggle,  and  accordingly  the  order  came  to  "  take  the 
hill.'"  The  order  was  imperative  this  time,  and  there  was  nothing  for 
these  officers  to  do  but  to  get  under  arms,  and  surpass  the  mad  gallantry 
of  the  devoted  band  at  Balaklava  when 

"  Into  the  jaws  of  death 
Rode  the  six  hundred." 

When  the  dispositions  were  made,  Col.  Trabue  was  observed  to  wear 
a  look  of  half-sleepy  indifference,  strange  and  unusual  to  him  under 
any  circumstances;  and  when  the  brigade,  shattered  and  torn,  was  re 
ceding  from  the  river,  he  exclaimed  bitterly  to  Col.  Nuckols  :  "I  saw 
from  the  first  that  there  was  no  use  going  there !  I  was  afraid,  too, 
that  all  our  boys  would  be  needlessly  killed."  He  now  received  in 
formation  that  Gen.  Hanson  had  fallen,  and  the  command  devolving 
upon  him,  he  set  to  work  to  withdraw  the  men  from  under  the  destruc 
tive  cannonade,  and  reform  the  broken  line  with  sufficient  expedition  to 
be  ready  to  offer  some  resistance,  should  the  enemy  attempt  to  advance 
over  the  brow  of  the  hill.  "  His  coolness,  clear  judgment,  and 
prompt  action,"  says  an  officer,  "  saved  the  brigade  from  annihila 
tion." 

The  line  was  restored  between  the  river  and  the  original  position — 
"  more  than  half  the  brigade,"  says  Col.  Trabue,  in  his  report  of  the 
battle,  "being  present  in  the  new  alignment,  notwithstanding  the  fact, 
as  afterward  ascertained,  that  more  than  a  third  of  all  who  went  in 


COL.  JOSEPH   P.  NUCKOLS. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  407 

had  fallen  in  the  struggle."  He  remained  here  till  9  o'clock  that 
night,  when  he  was  ordered  to  occupy  the  original  position.  This 
he  did  until  i  o'clock  on  Sunday  morning,  when,  the  stores  and 
wounded  having  been  removed  from  Murfreesboro',  and  the  main 
army  being  under  way,  he  withdrew  his  pickets,  and  moved  out  on 
the  Manchester  road  after  the  advance  column. 

It  was  now  supposed  that  he  would  be  promoted,  and  assigned  to 
the  permanent  command  of  the  Kentucky  Brigade.  He  was  recom 
mended  in  the  strongest  terms,  by  Gen.  Breckinridge,  and  indorsed 
by  other  prominent  officers ;  and  would  have,  no  doubt,  received  the 
appointment,  but,  having  gone  to  Richmond  shortly  after  reaching 
Manchester,  he  was  taken  violently  ill,  and  died  there,  February  12, 
1863.  It  is  wholly  unnecessary  to  sum  up  and  dwell  upon  his  merits 
as  a  military  officer.  They  were  so  strikingly  exemplified  in  his  con 
duct  as  to  leave  no  doubt  of  his  eminent  ability,  no  room  for  cavil  as 
to  his  intrepidity  and  self-possession.  Among  his  distinguished  social 
traits,  we  can  not  omit  to  mention  his  marked  generosity;  "he  was 
liberal,"  says  one,  "  to  a  fault."  When  he  could  not  relieve  the  wants 
and  minister  to  the  comfort  of  his  men  by  the  regular  means,  he  dis 
bursed  his  own  private  funds.  As  before  noticed,  his  energy  was  like 
that  of  Bonaparte,  and  his  mind  was  an  eminently  practical  one. 

When  it  was  known  at  Manchester  that  he  had  died,  Gen.  Helm 
issued  the  following  order:  "The  general  commanding  announces 
with  feelings  of  sorrow  and  regret  the  death  of  Col.  Robert  P. 
Trabue,  which  occurred  at  Richmond,  Va.,  on  the  i2th  of  February. 
The  deceased  had  exhibited  in  the  highest  degree  the  courage  of  a 
true  soldier,  and  the  coolness  of  an  able  commander,  and  was  emi 
nently  beloved  by  the  officers  and  soldiers  of  his  regiment.  The  Ken 
tucky  Brigade,  under  his  command  won  imperishable  honors  on  the 
bloody  field  of  Shiloh,  and  so  long  as  their  gallant  deeds  are  emblaz 
oned  on  the  pages  of  history,  his  name  will  be  associated  with  their 
glory.  Another  patriot  has  been  numbered  with  the  heroic  dead. 
Let  us  mourn  his  loss,  and  emulate  his  example." 


COL.  JOSEPH  P.  NUCKOLS. 
[AFTERWARD  KRIGADIER-GENERAL  UNDER  STATE  COMMISSION.] 

Joseph  Preyer  Nuckols,  eldest  son  of  Hezekiah  P.  and  Susan  J. 
Nuckols,  was  born  in  Barren  County,  Kentucky,  April  28,  1828.  His 
immediate  ancestors  came  from  Virginia — remotely,  they  were  of  the 
old  cavalier  stock.  Imbued,  from  boyhood,  with  a  martial  turn  of 
mind,  so  characteristic  of  deep-toned  and  really  enthusiastic  natures,  he 


408  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

embraced  the  first  opportunity,  when  there  was  an  evident  tendency  in 
the  affairs  of  the  country  to  render  such  a  step  necessary  and  useful,  to 
gratify  this  passion.  Under  the  act  of  the  legislature  providing  for 
a  State  guard,  he  organized  a  company  of  young  men  at  Glasgow — 
men,  for  the  most  part,  of  good  families  and  good  character,  who  have 
been  described  as  ''the  flower  of  the  county."  With  that  ardor  and 
determination,  that  earnestness  of  purpose,  which  characterized  him 
through  life,  he  set  about  this  work  to  succeed,  and  in  a  short 
time  had  the  finest  company  in  all  that  portion  of  country.  .  Meeting 
with  opposition  in  the  outset,  chiefly  from  those  who  were  known  to  be 
adverse  to  the  South,  he  took  more  than  ordinary  pains  in  his  work, 
and  an  uncommon  pride  in  his  men,  that  led  him  not  only  to  improve 
every  chance  to  exercise  and  instruct,  but  to  uniform,  arm,  and  equip 
them  in  the  most  excellent  style.  To  this  end  he  drew  largely  upon 
his  own  private  purse,  entailing  upon  himself  the  expense  of  furnishing 
almost  wholly  the  beautiful  gray  dress  for  which  they  were  noted.  Not 
that  they  were  unable  to  meet  these  expenses  individually,  for  the 
greater  part  were  the  sons  of  the  wealthy,  as  well  as  of  the  most  re 
spectable  people,  but  that  to  uniform  without  delay,  to  arm  and  equip 
speedily,  with  the  best  that  could  be  furnished  by  the  State,  and  to  im 
part  a  martial  bearing  to  the  company,  were  objects  upon  which  he 
had  set  his  heart — to  meet  them  was  to  triumph  over  the  captious  and 
the  croaking — and  money,  in  such  a  case,  was  a  paltry  consideration, 
save  as  it  enabled  him  to  accomplish  his  purpose. 

When  the  success  of  the  North,  in  the  election  of  a  sectional  presi 
dent,  had  been  proclaimed,  there  was  general  trouble  in  the  State 
Guard,  and  but  few  companies  remained  perfectly  intact.  In  a  large 
number  of  instances,  these  organizations  were  broken  up,  the  weapons 
and  colors  sometimes  falling  into  the  hands  of  one  or  the  other  party ; 
sometimes  each  man  retained  his  gun,  and  refused  to  parade  under 
this  or  that  banner.  The  material  of  this  company,  however,  was  such, 
and  the  influence  of  the  commanding  officer  so  great,  that,  despite 
every  effort  of  the  new  converts  to  fanaticism,  and  the  cavils  of  the 
weak-kneed,  they  maintained  their  organization,  and,  early  in  the 
spring  of  1861,  paraded  through  the  streets  of  Glasgow  under  the 
standard  of  the  South.  Continual  additions  were  now  being  made  to 
the  company,  and  by  the  ist  of  August  it  numbered  eighty-three,  there 
being  no  married  man  among  them  but  the  captain  himself.  The  now 
famous  spot,  Camp  Boone,  in  Montgomery  County,  Tennessee,  was 
already  occupied  by  the  Second  and  Third  Regiments,  under  Hawes 
and  Tilghman,  together  with  the  nuclei  of  several  unorganized  com 
panies.  The  preparations  were  at  this  time  complete,  and  the  company 
ready  for  camp;  but  the  political  contest  between  Maj.  Barlow,  for 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE  409 

the  South,  and  one  Waring,  for  the  abolitionists — candidates  for  the 
legislature — was  pending,  and  they  remained  in  Barren  County  until 
after  the  election,  to  cast  their  votes  for  the  major,  who  was  triumph 
antly  elected.  Previous  to  setting  out,  Capt.  Nuckols  evinced  a  re 
gard  for  law  and  order,  and  an  honesty  of  purpose  that  will  do  him 
credit  wherever  these  principles  are  known  and  respected.  The  arms 
and  accouterments  of  his  company  belonged  to  the  State — in  form,  if 
not  fairly  and  in  spirit,  she  had  declared  for  neutrality — and  there 
had,  as  yet,  been  no  palpably  overt  act  of  war  within  her  borders. 
He  therefore  boxed  them  up  and  turned  them  over  to  the  county 
judge,  who  was  even  then  organizing  "home-guards,"  that  were 
generally  so  well  known  to  be  in  the  interest  of  the  Federal  power 
that  no  friend  of  the  South  would  engage  with  them.  This  spirit,  so 
diametrically  opposed  to  that  of  his  foes,  he  exemplified  in  his  conduct, 
and  enforced,  as  far  as  possible,  during  the  operations  of  the  war — 
receiving  nothing  without  compensation,  and  always  frowning  down  a 
wanton  disregard  of  the  rights  of  friends  or  enemies.  Arriving  at 
Camp  Boone,  August  pth,  he  shortly  afterward  met  with  Col.  Trabue, 
who  had  authority  to  raise  a  regiment  of  Kentuckians  for  three  years. 
His  company  was  immediately  sworn  into  the  Confederate  service, 
and  its  organization  completed.  Other  companies  were  speedily  united 
with  it,  and  the  Fourth  Regiment  Kentucky  Volunteers  was  organized. 
He  was  offered  the  position  of  major,  but  declined  the  honor,  esteem 
ing  it  a  duty,  as  well  as  his  desire,  to  be  immediately  with  his  own 
company  in  its  first  engagement.  The  regiment  was  consequently 
without  a  major  till  October  21,  when  Thomas  B.  Monroe,  Jr.,  was 
appointed  to  the  position.  Capt.  Nuckols  being  the  senior  officer  of 
his  rank  in  the  regiment,  and  the  field  officers  much  engaged  in  look 
ing  after  the  other  interests  of  the  troops  and  of  the  cause,  the  com 
mand  devolved  upon  him  for  the  greater  portion  of  the  first  four 
months,  and  right  worthily  did  he  discharge  his  trust. 

A  strict  disciplinarian,  and  of  a  soldierly  bearing  himself,  his  influ 
ence  is  acknowledged  to  have  been  great,  and  his  labors  and  example 
contributed  much  to  the  formation  of  the  splendid  character  of  the 
regiment.  While  on  this  subject,  it  may  be  well  to  remark  that  during 
the  war  he  evinced  an  admirable  tact  in  keeping  the  regiment  together 
on  the  march — his  men  well  in  hand — which  all  observers  of  military 
affairs  will  readily  admit  to  be  one  of  the  most  difficult  ordinary  duties 
of  a  commander.  Straggling  was  out  of  the  question,  and  desertion 
was  exceedingly  rare.  The  better  to  preserve  the  morale  of  the  regi 
ment,  he  steadily  set  his  face,  when  he  was  in  command,  against  the 
exchange  of  his  men  for  those  of  the  cavalry.  Though  it  pained  him, 
he  remarked,  to  deny  the  boys  anything,  his  sense  of  duty  compelled 


410  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

him  to  guard  against  any  precedent  of  this  kind.  He  reasoned  that 
the  habits  and  military  education  of  the  cavalryman  were  not  such  as 
to  enable  him  to  adapt  himself  readily  to  the  infantry,  and  that  by 
losing  any  considerable  number  of  his  men,  even  though  he  received 
others  in  return,  the  efficiency  of  his  command  would  soon  be  weak 
ened,  if  not  destroyed,  since  there  would  at  least  be  a  want  of  that 
mutual  confidence  which  adds  so  much  to  the  effectiveness  of  any 
military  body. 

At  Shiloh,  contrary  to  his  wishes,  he  was  placed  in  charge  of  the 
left  of  the  regiment,  as  acting  major,  and  in  this  first  trial  proved 
equal  to  the  estimate  that  had  been  formed  of  him.  Mounted  through 
out  the  day,  always  uncovered,  avoiding  no  exposed  place,  his  lofty 
stature  rendering  him  more  than  commonly  conspicuous,  the  figure 
was  such  as  a  soldier  loves  to  contemplate.  The  example  gave  force 
to  the  words  of  cheer,  and  when  that  battle  closed,  his  name  had  been 
written  among  the  proud  ones  of  Kentucky.  The  splendid  engage 
ment  with  the  Forty-sixth  Ohio  on  Sunday,  and  the  more  trying  strug 
gle  with  a  division  of  BuelPs  army  on  Monday,  in  which  his  conduct 
is  matter  of  special  remark,  were  noticed  at  length  in  Col.  Trabue's- 
report.  The  wound  received  in  the  latter  affair  was  by  a  musket-ball 
in  the  ankle  joint,  which  wedged  itself  between  the  bones,  and  caused 
the  most  dreadful  pain.  It  was  extracted  on  the  field ;  and  while  he 
was  being  borne  to  the  rear,  a  strange  incident  as  any  recorded  of 
war — the  singing  of  "  The  Kentucky  Battle  Song,"  under  the  furious 
roar  of  musketry  and  the  constant  falling  of  men — took  place.  He 
slept  that  night  on  the  ground,  in  a  cold  and  drenching  rain,  and  in 
such  a  situation  that  the  water  accumulated  under  and  around  him. 
Some  of  the  men,  less  seriously  wounded,  did  all  they  could  to  alle 
viate  his  sufferings,  but  it  was  a  night  of  terrible  misery — one  of  those 
trying  scenes  in  war  which  the  ancients  had  in  view  when  they  repre 
sented  fortitude  as  being  one  of  the  noblest  of  the  virtues. 

He  was  taken  to  Corinth  on  Tuesday,  and,  as  he  afterward  ex 
pressed  it,  he  "  turned  himself  over  to  the  tender  mercies  of  the  sur 
geons."  His  wife  joined  him  in  a  few  days,  and  nursed  him  through 
the  succeeding  months  of  pain.  Gen.  Breckinridge,  in  his  report  of 
the  part  taken  by  his  division,  made  honorable  mention  of  his  con 
duct,  and  ever  afterward  manifested  for  him  the  warmest  friendship 
and  esteem.  Judge  Walker,  too,  of  New  Orleans,  who  published  a 
pamphlet  descriptive  of  the  battle,  noticed  his  conspicuous  gallantry. 
About  the  ist  of  October,  he  rejoined  the  command  at  Knoxville,  and, 
though  still  unable  to  walk  without  great  pain,  reported  for  duty. 
Breckinridge  now  gave  him  permission,  in  company  with  four  other 
officers,  to  precede  the  division  to  Kentucky,  for  the  purpose  of  re- 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  411 

cruiting,  with  the  comfortable  assurance  that  he  expected  them  to  be 
murdered  for  their  hardihood  before  they  reached  the  orderly  portions 
of  the  State.  They  set  out,  however,  and  went  as  far  as  Barbourville  ; 
but  meeting  the  head  of  Bragg's  column  here,  they  returned  to  Knox- 
ville,  and  went  with  the  division  to  Murfreesboro'. 

At  this  place,  in  November,  he  was  promoted  to  major,  to  take  rank 
from  the  yth  of  April;  and  he  again  devoted  himself  to  exercising  and 
increasing  the  efficiency  and  high  character  of  the  regiment.  Decem 
ber  i8th,  he  was  promoted  to  lieutenant-colonel,  rice  Hynes,  resigned. 
On  the  afternoon  of  the  28th  of  December,  when  Rosecrans  had  ap 
peared  before  Murfreesboro',  he  was  ordered,  by  Gen.  Breckinridge, 
to  take  command  of  one  company  from  each  regiment  of  the  division, 
and  to  deploy  them  so  as  to  cover  it,  one  mile  in  front.  He  remained 
in  command  of  this  advance  line  until  Wednesday,  watching  the  move 
ments  of  the  enemy,  and  reporting  position.  Relieved  on  Wednesday 
morning,  December  3ist,  he  rode  back  to  Breckinridge,  and  repre 
sented  to  him  that  a  regiment  ought  to  be  thrown  upon  the  hill  over 
which  the  terrible  struggle  of  Friday  took  place,  lest  the  enemy,  foiled 
at  all  other  points,  should  seize  it,  and  have  to  be  driven  away.  The 
general  sent  Col.  Buckner  with  him  to  reconnoiter  it,  and  Buckner 
coincided  in  the  opinion  of  its  importance.  Breckinridge  promised 
that  it  should  be  attended  to ;  but  the  battle  was  raging  on  the  left,  and 
the  matter  was  dropped  for  the  time.  What  the  result  of  this  far- 
sighted  and  prudential  course  would  have  been  upon  the  fortunes  of 
that  week,  no  one  can  see ;  but  it  seems  to  have  been  one  of  those 
singular  circumstances,  so  common  in  the  history  of  warfare,  upon 
which  hang  the  destinies  of  armies,  and  by  neglecting  or  attending  to 
which  a  battle  is  lost  or  won.  At  about  one  o'clock,  Friday  afternoon, 
he  was  conversing  with  Breckinridge,  Hanson,  and  other  officers,  in 
the  rear  of  Cobb's  Battery,  when  the  order  of  Bragg  came  to  Breckin 
ridge  to  report  to  him  on  the  west  bank  of  the  river,  and  he  was 
instructed  to  take  the  position  and  establish  his  artillery  upon  it. 
Returning,  the  general  remarked  to  Nuckols,  "Ah!  colonel;  this  is  a 
pet  measure  of  yours,  I  believe.  Do  you  desire  as  much  as  ever  to 
place  the  Fourth  there  ? "  But  he,  knowing  that  Van  Cleve  was 
already  in  possession,  replied  that  he  thought  they  would  have  "  some 
dispute  abotit  it  now."  "Well,"  the  general  is  said  to  have  rejoined, 
"we  must  take  it  anyhow,"  and  accordingly  made  his  dispositions. 
When  the  Fourth  Regiment  had  been  formed,  Col.  Nuckols  rode  along 
in  front  of  the  line,  talking  in  that  cheerful  and  encouraging  tone,  so 
well  calculated  to  impart  and  extend  the  mysterious  sympathetic  influ 
ence  which  goes  far  toward  sustaining  bodies  of  men  under  trying 
ordeals ;  but  with  that  ready  tact  at  discovering  the  tendency  of  matters 


412  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

on  a  battlefield,  and  of  comprehending  a  situation,  for  which  they  were 
remarkable,  they  had  discovered  the  true  state  of  affairs,  and  knew 
that  a  desperate  and  bloody  crisis  was  at  hand,  and  that  more  than 
ordinary  deeds  were  expected  from  them.  Said  he,  describing  the 
scene  afterward:  "They  were  calm  and  collected;  but  I  saw  a  pecu 
liar  glitter  in  every  eye,  and  a  circumscribed  red  spot  on  every  cheek, 
as  of  men  who  were  moved  by  no  idle  fears,  but  who  knew  the  dread 
ful  nature  of  the  work  they  had  to  perform."  The  particulars  of  that 
short  but  sanguinary  contest  have  been  recounted  at  length. 

After  the  first  repulse,  noticed  in  the  report  of  the  battle,  he  sug 
gested  an  attempt  to  reform  parallel  with  the  river,  higher  up,  for  the 
purpose  of  arresting  the  fury  of  the  cannonade  by  killing  off  the 
enemy's  gunners.  Endeavoring  to  execute  it,  he  had  an  arm  stricken 
powerless  when  in  the  act  of  grasping  the  colors,  and  designating  with 
them  the  point  for  the  rally.  Here,  too,  his  horse  was  shot,  but  not 
fatally,  and  when  it  was  found  necessary  to  retire  still  further,  he  as 
sisted  Gen.  Breckinridge  in  restoring  order  on  that  part  of  the  field — 
the  men,  he  described  it,  "falling  in  promptly  as  they  arrived," 
which  only  veteran  heroes  could  do  under  circumstances  so  desperate. 
His  horse  was  now  shot  again — this  time  disabled — and  he  was  com 
pelled  to  limp  from  the  field  on  foot.  But  the  drama  had  been  played, 
and  the  disastrous  denouement  reached  before  he  turned  with  a  bleed 
ing  heart  to  leave  to  the  merciless  cold  of  the  approaching  night,  and 
to  the  now  victorious  foe,  so  many  of  his  mangled  and  suffering  friends. 
He  was  under  the  necessity  of  seeking  rest  and  attention  away  from 
the  army;  but  rejoined  it  about  the  last  of  February,  at  Manchester. 
He  was  at  this  time  (Col.  Trabue  having  died)  promoted  to  colonel. 
At  Jackson,  he  was  present  during  the  week  in  which  the  brigade  was 
engaged  there. 

The  excellent  discipline,  the  reciprocal  confidence  existing  between 
him  and  his  regiment,  as  well  as  the  splendid  material  of  which  the 
regiment  was  composed,  were  strikingly  exemplified  at  Chickamauga 
(on  the  morning  of  the  first  day)',  where  he  led  them  forward  to  pro 
tect  the  artillery,  so  furiously  engaged,  under  the  heroic  Graves,  near 
Glass'  Mills.  Through  the  storm  of  heavy  shot  and  screaming,  burst 
ing  shells,  they  marched  steadily  and  unfaltering,  well  aligned  as 
though  upon  the  drillground — anon  a  missile  tearing  through  the  line — 
shoulder  to  shoulder  they  pressed  forward — the  pride  of  their  brothers 
near  by,  the  admiration  of  the  army — to  the  designated  spot  in  front 
of  the  cannon,  and  held  the  ground  until  Graves  drew  off.  So  dread 
ful  was  the  ordeal  that  many  of  the  officers  and  men  declared  that 
without  the  steady,  collected,  magnificent  bearing  of  their  leader,  they 
could  not  have  marched  through  that  open  field,  under  the  horrid  fire, 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  413 

with  such  gallant  precision — a  compliment  indeed,  and  worth  more 
than  a  volume  of  common  eulogy.  Yet  this  was  scarcely  more  ex 
cellent  conduct  than  that  of  Sunday  morning,  when  he  was  thrown  for 
ward  to  feel  the  enemy  and  report  position.  After  having  ascended 
the  rising  ground,  with  his  command  as  skirmishers,  and  come  full  upon 
an  intrenched  line,  he  rode  back  and  forth  along  the  regiment,  under 
a  storm  of  balls,  explaining  the  necessity  of  holding  the  ground  at  all 
hazards,  while  the  men  answered  with  a  shout,  and  plied  their  rifles 
unflinchingly.  It  was  here,  after  having  alighted  at  the  center  of  the 
regiment,  with  the  intention  of  defending  the  position  until  supporting 
force  should  arrive,  that  he  received  a  wound  which  disabled  him,  in 
some  measure,  for  life.  A  minie  ball  passed  through  the  left  arm, 
below  the  elbow,  shattering  the  bones,  and  inflicting  intense  pain.  He 
suffered  long  with  the  wound  itself,  and  the  effect  upon  his  general 
health — never  good,  and  for  the  past  year  so  dreadfully  impaired — 
was  such  as  to  preclude  the  possibility  of  further  service  in  the  field, 
though  he  long  continued  to  cherish  the  hope  of  being  able  to  return 
to  duty. 

In  personal  appearance,  Col.  Nuckols  was  tall  and  commanding — 
six  feet  two  inches  in  height — with  dark  hair,  dark  eyes,  and  a  certain 
settled,  stern  expression  of  countenance,  which  was,  however,  the  result 
of  constitutional  ill  health,  and  not  of  any  moroseness  of  temper  or 
sour  misanthropy.  When  we  take  into  consideration  his  naturally 
feeble  physical  organism,  the  many  trying  vicissitudes  of  his  life,  the 
hardships  and  exposures  incident  to  his  career  as  a  soldier,  with  the 
severe  wounds  that  were  inflicted — three  during  the  war,  and  one  by 
the  hands  of  would-be  assassins,  in  August,  1866 — we  can  but  wonder 
that  he  was  able  to  survive  so  long.  His  force  of  will  and  great  de 
cision  of  character,  combined  with  unaffected  kindness  and  devotion 
to  his  friends,  always  gave  him  much  influence  with  them  ;  but  to  those 
who  wantonly  excited  his  enmity,  he  was  full  of  the  scorn  and  bitter 
ness  that  characterize  determined  natures.  In  his  intercourse  with  the 
officers  of  the  army,  there  was  none  of  that  envy  and  spirit  of  detrac 
tion  always  so  plainly  discernible  in  little  minds.  His  star,  he  con 
ceived,  would  shine  none  the  brighter  by  any  attempt  of  his  to  obscure 
that  of  his  brother  in  arms.  Speaking,  after  the  battle  of  Murfrees- 
boro',  of  the  momentary  pause  that  was  occasioned  by  the  sudden  dis 
covery  of  a  pond  of  water  in  front  of  the  line,  when  a  movement  to 
avoid  obstacle  had  to  be  made,  his  mention  of  "  that  brilliant  advance 
of  the  gallant  Lewis  "  was  as  creditable  to  him  as  it  was  complimentary 
to  the  officer  named. 

When  the  war  had  closed,  though  returning  to  his  home  worn  in 
body  and  ruined  in  fortune — disappointed  of  the  hopes  he  had  so 


414  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

fondly  cherished  four  years  before — the  manner  of  his  reception  in  his 
native  town  was  like  an  ovation,  and  the  "  war- broken  soldier  "  was  as 
much  a  hero  as  though  he  had  come  in  pomp,  beneath  the  fluttering 
of  triumphant  banners. 

After  the  war  he  was  three  times  elected  clerk  of  the  Barren  County 
Court,  but  resigned  during  his  last  term  to  accept  the  position  of  adju 
tant-general  of  the  State,  to  which  he  was  appointed  by  Gov.  Mc- 
Creary  and  reappointed  by  Gov.  Blackburn. 

He  was  elected  to  represent  Barren  County  in  the  legislature  of 
1894.  He  was  in  feeble  health  during  the  term,  and  was  not  at  any 
time  thereafter  fully  recovered.  In  the  winter  of  1895-6  he  became 
seriously  ill,  and,  after  long-protracted  suffering,  he  died  at  his  home 
in  Glasgow,  March  3oth,  1896. 

4 

COL.  THOMAS  W.   THOMPSON. 

Few  men  so  young  rose  to  more  honorable  distinction  in  the  army 
than  Col.  Thompson.  He  was  born  in  Louisville,  Kentucky,  January 
13,  1840,  and  consequently  his  military  career  began  at  the  age  of 
twenty-one  years,  with  the  rank  of  captain;  at  twenty-four  he  had 
passed  through  the  intervening  grades,  displaying  not  only  a  lofty 
courage,  and  a  general  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct,  but  skill  that 
evinced  military  talent  of  no  common  order,  and  was  colonel  of  one 
of  the  noblest  regiments  that  ever  kept  step  to  a  martial  strain.  At 
the  age  of  six  years  he  was  left  an  orphan,  but  was  adopted  by  an 
uncle,  Mr.  Thomas  Williams,  who  brought  him  up  to  the  advantages 
of  the  schools  in  his  native  city.  Naturally  bold,  ardent,  and  of  that 
chivalric  disposition  which  leads  men  to  espouse  the  cause  of  the 
oppressed — often  for  no  other  reason  than  that  they  are  oppressed — 
he  decided  upon  his  course  early  in  the  Confederate  struggle,  and  de 
termined  to  follow  the  standard  of  the  South.  With  him,  however, 
conduct  was  not  based  upon  either  mere  feeling  or  impulse.  Young 
as  he  was  he  had  already  acquired  the  habit  of  considering  every  ques 
tion  thoroughly  and  acting  with  deliberate  judgment. 

Accordingly,  in  July,  1861,  he  left  Louisville  for  Camp  Boone  with 
part  of  a  company  recruited  in  the  city  and  surrounding  country. 
When  Camp  Burnett  was  laid  off  he  and  his  men  went  to  that  place, 
where,  consolidating  with  a  similar  body  under  Capt.  Blanchard,  they 
organized  Co.  I,  Fourth  Kentucky  Infantry,  September  i3th,  1861, 
and  he  was  chosen  captain.  Ready  in  apprehending  the  principles  of 
evolution  and  maneuver,  and  always  at  his  post,  his  company  improved 
constantly  in  drill  and  discipline,  and  by  the  time  active  operations 
were  inaugurated,  they  were  prepared  for  their  duty. 


:-• 

*""•'  *7  • 


COL.  THOMAS  W.  THOMPSON. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  415 

At  Shiloh — that  trial-ground  of  so  many  gallant  spirits — he  fought 
both  days,  handling  his  company  with  skill,  and  deporting  himself  with 
that  courage,  coolness,  and  self-possession  for  which  he  was  distin 
guished  throughout  the  war.  Here  he  received  three  different  wounds, 
but  remained  at  his  post  until  the  closing  scenes  on  Monday.  No 
higher  commendation  of  his  conduct  on  this  first  field  can  be  given 
than  the  simple  fact  that  shortly  after  the  battle  Gen.  Breckinridge 
offered  to  place  him  in  command  of  an  Alabama  regiment,  and  recom 
mended  his  promotion  at  once  to  the  rank  of  colonel.  This  honor  he 
declined,  feeling  a  strong  attachment  for  his  company,  which  had 
lately  suffered  so  much,  and  modestly  deeming  himself  too  young  to 
assume  the  responsibilities  of  such  a  position. 

It  was  one  of  his  striking  characteristics  that  he  never  failed  to  be 
present  when  the  outposts  sounded  the  alarm,  and  the  hosts  were  pre 
paring  for  battle.  Fortune  favored  him,  for  his  health  was  generally 
good,  and  this  enabled  him  to  follow  the  promptings  of  a  devoted 
spirit,  and  to  be  with  his  men  when  they  must  face  danger  and  meet 
death.  So  marked  was  his  fate  in  this  respect  that  even  wounds, 
though  he  received  six  or  seven,  never  so  far  disabled  him  as  to  "  fur 
lough  "  him  over  a  battle.  He  was  present  at  the  defense  of  Vicks- 
burg,  and  fought  at  Baton  Rouge  and  at  Stone  River.  On  the  ist  of 
April,  1863,  he  was  promoted  to  major;  was  on  the  expedition  to 
Bolton's  and  participated  in  the  defense  of  Jackson ;  and,  shortly 
afterward,  August  3ist,  was  promoted  to  lieutenant-colonel. 

At  Chickamauga,  when  Col.  Nuckols  was  disabled,  on  the  morning 
of  that  eventful  2oth  of  September,  the  command  of  the  Fourth  Regi 
ment  devolved  upon  him,  and  he  conducted  its  movements,  like  his 
predecessors,  with  marked  ability.  We  find  him  commended  in  the 
general's  report  for  "constancy,  coolness,  and  gallantry."  He  was 
present  also  at  Mission  Ridge,  and  his  regiment  was  conspicuous  for 
its  orderly  conduct  on  the  retreat  from  that  ill-starred  scene  of  an  un 
fortunate  general's  operations.  While  the  army  lay  at  Dalton,  he  was 
almost  constantly  present,  to  preserve  the  morale,  and  increase,  if  pos 
sible,  the  efficiency  of  his  command,  as  well  as  to  watch  over  their 
ordinary  comforts.  At  Dalton,  February,  1864,  Nuckols  having  been 
retired,  he  was  promoted  to  colonel. 

On  the  unparalleled  campaign  from  Dalton  to  Jonesboro',  when,  for 
four  months  almost  daily,  yea,  hourly,  the  command  was  under  fire — 
often  desperately  engaged — and  but  two  days  only  from  under  the  in 
fluence  of  that  peculiar  music  consequent  upon  the  screaming  shell 
and  the  whistle  of  the  bullet,  he  was  never  absent.  Planning  and 
superintending  the  construction  of  defenses,  reconnoitering,  leading 
in  the  sortie  and  the  charge,  his  services  were  conspicuous ;  and  he 


416  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

taught  by  example  that  coolness  and  contempt  of  danger  which  is  best 
evinced  in  that  quiescent  state,  when  a  command  is  compelled  to  re 
ceive  an  enemy's  fire  without  returning  it,  or  engaging  in  maneuver. 
At  Resaca  he  was  wounded,  again  at  Dallas,  and  again  during  the 
flank  defense  of  the  army,  on  the  6th  of  August.  The  manner  in 
which  he  conducted  the  fight  on  the  ist  of  September,  1864,  and  suc 
ceeded  in  saving  the  greater  portion  of  his  command  from  capture, 
has  been  noticed  with  sufficient  minuteness  elsewhere.  And  his  opera 
tions  during  the  mounted  service  have  also  been  matter  of  special 
mention,  which  it  is  not  necessary  to  repeat. 

An  evidence  of  the  estimation  in  which  he  was  held  by  the  general 
officers  was  shown  at  the  eleventh  hour — none  the  less  pleasing  be 
cause  it  came  too  late,  for  to  deserve  it  was  enough.  It  was  ascertained 
after  the  close  of  the  war  that  he  had  been  recommended  for  promo 
tion  to  the  rank  of  brigadier-general,  and  that  the  recommendation  was 
favorably  passed  upon  in  the  subordinate  departments,  but  never 
reached  Mr.  Davis,  as  the  evacuation  of  Richmond  was  about  taking 
place,  and  consequently  the  appointment  was  not  made. 

North  Carolina  has  claimed,  through  the  public  press,  the  honor  of 
having  made  the  last  fight,  east  of  the  Mississippi;  but  this,  it  seems 
clearly  to  have  been  established,  belongs  to  the  Fourth  Kentucky,  five 
companies  of  which,  under  the  immediate  command  of  Capt.  Weller, 
of  Co.  D,  then  acting  lieut. -colonel,  were  engaged  with  the  rear 
guard  of  Potter's  division,  April  29,  1865,  when  Gen.  Lewis  received 
the  order  announcing  surrender,  or  truce,  and  dispatched  last  to  Col. 
Thompson  to  recall  his  veterans  from  their  familiar  work. 

When  the  war  was  over,  he  resumed  business  in  Louisville,  in  his 
quiet  but  energetic  and  persistent  way ;  was  shortly  afterward  elected 
Clerk  of  the  Chancery  Court,  in  which  office  his  duties  were  discharged 
with  military  promptness,  precision  and  courtesy  which  won  confidence 
and  increased  the  number  of  his  friends  and  admirers.  He  had  scarcely 
reached  middle  age  when  his  honorable  career  was  closed  by  death ; 
he  died,  at  his  home  in  the  city,  August  6th,  1882. 

COL.   HIRAM  HAWKINS. 

We  are  indebted  to  a  gentleman  of  Alabama,  Lucien  Julien  Walker, 
Esq.,  for  the  "following  sketch  of  Col.  Hawkins:  "He  is  strongest 
who  meets  and  manfully  performs  every  material  duty  required  of 
him.  Such  a  man  does  not  pause  to  inquire  into  the  reasons  that 
have  prompted  the  call,  but  goes  about  the  doing  of  whatever  has 
been  appointed  to  him  to  do,  thus  setting  example  to  the  fraternity  and 
encouraging  those  who  are  steadfast.  It  is  not  for  him  to  question, 


COL.   HIRAM    HAWKINS. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  417 

but  to  do.  The  voice  of  duty  is  trumpet-toned  to  such  a  one;  and  he 
goes  forward  valiantly,  whether  upon  the  field  of  battle,  in  the  realm 
of  commerce,  upon  the  hustings,  in  the  cabinet,  or  in  the  peaceful 
paths  of  the  arts  and  sciences.  He  is  of  that  stuff  which  elevates  the 
world  by  serving  the  higher  and  better  purposes  of  humanity ;  that  ma 
terial  of  which  publicists,  statesmen,  philosophers,  and  heroes  are 
made.  In  all  the  concerns  of  men  he  plays  his  part,  and  he  nearly 
always  plays  it  well.  That  spirit  moves  him  which  makes  the  best 
hobnail  and  frames  the  wisest  law.  It  is  the  spirit  of  application,  of 
that  infinite  capacity  for  labor  which  we  call  genius. 

"  Such  a  man  as  that  is  Hiram  Hawkins,  of  Alabama,  soldier,  law 
yer,  farmer,  legislator,  man  of  many  affairs.  He  has  always  performed 
his  duty,  and  performed  it  with  a  fidelity  and  a  perseverance  which 
won  for  him  high  honors  in  battle,  and  has  brought  him  high  place  in 
the  State,  and  the  confidence  of  his  people.  Few  names  in  Alabama 
are  so  familiar,  few  so  sincerely  honored.  He  enjoys  the  personal 
friendship  of  all  men  of  note,  and  the  esteem  of  all  intelligent  citizens, 
the  confidence  of  all  classes.  In  battle  he  won  high  rank ;  in  peace 
he  bears  most  worthily  the  distinction  of  leader  and  good  citizen.  The 
agricultural  interests  of  Alabama  own  more  to  him  than  to  any  other 
Alabamian  of  his  time,  for  he  has  been  for  many  years  first  in  pro 
gressive  farming  and  in  the  movements  looking  to  the  material  welfare 
of  the  farming  community.  Upon  the  affairs  of  State  he  has  long  ex 
ercised  a  wise  and  wholesome  influence,  and  those  in  authority  have 
sought  his  counsel  eagerly. 

"  He  was  born  in  Bath  County,  Ky. ,  September  9,  1826.  He  was 
one  of  the  seven  sons  of  Thomas  and  Mary  (Dean)  Hawkins,  and  he 
had  five  sisters.  His  ancestors  came  from  the  shores  of  Bristol  Chan 
nel  to  Maryland,  shortly  after  the  first  settling  of  that  territory  as  a 
colony,  being  driven  away  from  England,  as  so  many  others  were,  by 
political  and  religious  oppression.  Their  property  at  home  had  been 
confiscated  to  the  crown,  and  on  their  arrival  in  America  they  began 
life  anew.  They  prospered  in  the  new  land,  and  for  nearly  a  century 
the  family  enjoyed  very  considerable  influence,  and  took  an  active  part 
in  the  war  for  American  independence. 

"  At  the  close  of  the  Revolution  Col.  Hawkins'  grandfather  removed 
from  Maryland  to  Kentucky,  and  was  one  of  the  band  of  brave  and 
hardy  men  who  redeemed  Kentucky  from  wilderness  and  savagery. 

"  Col.  Hawkins  was  brought  up  on  his  father's  farm  in  Bath  county, 
and  obtained  his  education  at  the  schools  of  the  neighborhood, 
which  were  then  not  of  the  best.  He  left  school  at  the  age  of  nine 
teen,  and  it  was  intended  that  he  should  receive  collegiate  training, 
but  reverses  in  the  family  fortunes  made  that  impossible.  Being  a 

27 


418  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

student  from  habit  and  inclination,  and  being  left  to  his  own  resources, 
he  trained  himself  in  the  higher  branches  of  study. 

"  His  father  was  a  man  who  held  high  place  in  the  esteem  and  confi 
dence  of  his  neighbors,  and  did  much  towards  the  upholding  of  his 
district.  By  occupation  the  elder  Hawkins  was  a  farmer,  merchant, 
and  miller,  combining  the  three  in  one,  as  was  frequently  done  in  that 
day,  and  even  now  in  country  places.  He  was  the  good  man  of  the 
district ;  and  his  generosity  was  imposed  upon.  When  his  neighbors 
desired  to  borrow  money  he  affixed  his  name  to  their  promises  to  pay. 
By  this  means  heavy  losses  were  incurred;  and  the  son  was  called 
from  school  to  assist  in  the  management  of  the  estate.  The  father, 
shortly  afterward,  went  on  his  annual  journey  to  Baltimore  for  the 
purpose  of  purchasing  goods  for  the  store.  On  his  return  trip, 
and  when  at  Maysville,  Ky. ,  he  was  stricken  with  cholera,  which  was 
then  scourging  the  country,  and  the  son,  being  unformed  of  the  facts, 
hastened  to  his  father's  side,  arriving  in  time  to  be  with  him  when 
death  came.  Returning  home,  he  assumed  charge  of  the  family 
affairs,  and  by  his  energy,  activity,  and  ability,  quickly  made  himself 
felt  in  the  business,  social,  and  political  circles  in  which  he  moved. 

"  Early  in  life,  he  evinced  a  fondness  for  military  affairs,  and  when 
twenty-six  years  old  he  was  chosen  by  the  militia  regiment  of  his  county 
as  colonel,  and  the  selection  was  confirmed  by  the  governor  of  Ken 
tucky.  That  was  in  1852.  In  1854  the  Democratic  party  in  Bath 
undertook  for  the  first  time  to  organize  to  the  extent  of  nominating  a 
full  ticket  of  its  own  for  the  various  county  offices.  Hawkins  was 
nominated  for  the  responsible  position  of  high  sheriff,  a  worthy  honor 
for  one  so  young.  He  made  a  vigorous  and  able  canvass,  and  was  de 
feated  by  the  old  sheriff,  who  was  a  Whig,  by  only  thirty  odd  votes, 
and  this  notwithstanding  the  fact  that  two  independent  Democrats  ran 
against  the  nominee.  He  won  something  more  than  a  personal  vic 
tory,  however,  for  this  campaign  made  a  nomination  thereafter  by  that 
party  in  his  county  equivalent  to  election. 

"  He  was  an  eloquent  and  convincing  speaker,  and,  with  his  tall, 
perfectly  proportioned  figure,  his  clear-cut,  almost  classic,  face ;  black, 
wavy  hair;  keen  eyes;  and  voice  of  great  volume, — he  was  a  notable 
man  in  all  that  region.  He  possessed  to  an  unusual  degree  the  confi 
dence  of  the  people,  and  of  this  he  was  himself  soon  to  receive  con 
vincing  proof. 

"  The  year  1855  is  memorable  in  the  political  annals  of  Kentucky. 
It  was  then  that  the  great  Whig  and  Know-Nothing  parties  swept  the 
State  with  a  whirlwind  of  enthusiasm  and  political  madness,  carry 
ing  the  State  ticket  through  by  a  majority  of  more  than  4,000. 
Jn  that  year  the  governor,  all  the  State  officers  and  members  of 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  419 

the  lower  house,  and  half  the  senate  were  elected.  Bath  and  Bour 
bon  counties  formed  one  senatorial  district,  and  it  was  Bath's  turn  to 
name  the  Democratic  candidate  for  senator.  Hawkins  lived  in  Bath, 
and  was  not  an  aspirant  for  the  senatorship  or  any  other  political 
office;  but  his  party  was  determined  to  have  him,  and  when  the  time 
came  to  name  county  candidates,  he  was  unanimously  chosen  for  the 
senate.  A  committee  was  sent  to  notify  him,  and  he  declined  the 
honor  which  had  been  conferred,  saying  that  he  was  not  an  aspirant 
for  the  place,  and,  if  elected,  he  could  not  take  his  seat  because  he 
was  constitutionally  ineligible  on  account  of  his  age ;  whereupon  he 
was  immediately  chosen  for  the  lower  house.  That  was  a  remarkable 
tribute  to  his  worth  as  a  man  and  his  influence  with  his  party.  It 
would  have  been  an  extraordinary  honor  to  any  man. 

"  He  accepted  the  nomination  to  the  lower  house,  and  entered  upon 
the  canvass  with  his  characteristic  vigor.  All  over  the  county  his 
voice  rang  loud  and  clear  for  democracy.  On  election  day  he  led  the 
ticket  of  his  party,  and  was  elected  by  nearly  500  majority.  This  was 
when  Kentucky  was  swept  by  the  opposition.  In  this  hitherto  Whig 
county  the  storm  was  stayed,  and  that  was  owing  largely  to  the 
personal  popularity  and  influence  of  Col.  Hawkins — a  rare  triumph, 
indeed,  for  a  man  under  thirty.  His  predecessors  of  his  own  political 
faith  had  been  able  under  no  unusual  conditions  to  win  by  but  fifty 
majority  at  best.  Such  distinguished  honors  and  such  remarkable 
achievements  are  rare  even  in  American  political  history.  Upon  the 
records  of  the  Kentucky  legislature  he  left  the  impress  of  a  wise,  pru 
dent,  and  zealous  friend  of  the  people. 

"When  he  had  finally  settled  up  his  father's  business  he  found  that 
he  had  not  saved  a  dollar  for  himself.  But  he  had  something  more 
than  money — a  good  name,  an  irreproachable  character,  the  confidence 
of  a  wide  circle  of  personal  friends,  who  stood  manfully  by  him  in  the 
most  trying  time  of  his  career.  His  credit  was  good,  and  he  never 
abused  it.  Within  four  years  after  his  settlement  of  his  father's  affairs, 
he  owned  several  farms  and  disposed  of  them  profitably,  and  at  the 
end  of  that  time  he  owned  in  fee  simple  two  hundred  acres  of  valuable 
bluegrass  land,  upon  which  he  resided  with  a  lovely  and  gifted  wife. 
But  the  restless  and  energetic  spirit  of  enterprise  did  not  long  permit 
him  to  dwell  in  peace  under  his  own  home-roof.  In  1859  he  sold  his 
farm,  with  a  view  to  entering  upon  broader  fields,  and  he  made  some 
investments  in  Texas.  The  following  year  he  established  a  sheep 
ranch  in  that  State,  stocking  it  with  several  hundred  head  of  Kentucky 
sheep  of  superior  breed,  and  intended  to  remove  to  his  new  property 
the  next  year,  1861.  But  it  was  not  to  be.  The  thunder  of  the  ap 
proaching  storm  of  war  filled  all  political  and  civil  space  with  its 


420  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

roar;  and  while  the  tumult  raged,  death  came  and  bore  away  Col. 
Hawkins'  wife  from  his  side.  Fate  was  weaving  a  web  of  its  own  that 
wound  the  man  within  its  mazes,  and  he  was  powerless. 

"In  that  day  in  Kentucky  it  required  a  man  of  nerve  and  convic 
tions  to  express  and  defend  his  own  position  in  regard  to  the  dispute 
which  led  millions  to  battle.  Col.  Hawkins  did  not  wait,  nor  did  he 
dally  with  the  issues  of  the  hour.  He  boldly  arrayed  himself  against 
what  seemed  to  him  to  be  the  coercive  measures  of  the  Federal  gov 
ernment;  and  he  joined  his  fortunes  to  those  of  his  State  upon  the  basis 
of  neutrality.  As  soon  as  hostilities  began  he  raised,  drilled,  and  dis 
ciplined  a  company  of  cavalry,  which  he  tendered  to  the  governor  to 
be  used  in  sustaining  the  State's  policy.  A  state  legislature  was  elected, 
a  majority  of  which,  it  was  said,  was  pledged  to  this  policy  of  keeping 
out  of  the  strife.  But  when  the  legislature  had  met  and  organized, 
the  situation  was  quickly  changed.  The  neutrality  theory  had  ex 
ploded  by  formal  act,  and  soon  the  State  was  occupied  by  Federal  sol 
diers  and  Federal  marshals;  and  many  of  the  leading  citizens  were  ar 
rested  and  hurried  away  to  prisons  beyond  the  Ohio  River. 

"  Early  in  the  afternoon  of  a  September  day,  in  1861,  a  messenger, 
sent  by  one  of  Col.  Hawkins's  friends,  came  in  haste  to  inform  him 
that  troops  had  been  sent  to  Bath  County,  and  that  Federal  marshals 
were  already  on  the  way  to  arrest  him.  To  him  no  course  was  left 
but  to  get  out  of  the  way  as  speedily  as  practicable.  Hurriedly  he 
summoned  a  few  of  the  young  men  of  his  company  of  volunteers, 
and  preparations  were  hastily  made.  At  12  o'clock  midnight  this  little 
band  of  gallant  souls,  armed  with  shotguns,  mounted  their  horses  and 
rode  away  to  battle  for  what  they  believed  to  be  the  cause  of  constitu 
tional  liberty  and  American  freedom.  The  next  afternoon  the  party 
were  joined  by  thirteen  other  young  men,  well  armed  and  equipped, 
and  having  the  same  purpose  in  view.  Arriving  at  West  Liberty,  the 
courthouse  town  of  Morgan  County,  they  found  several  companies  in 
process  of  being  organized  to  join  the  Confederate  forces.  An  agree 
ment  was  entered  into,  whereby  these  companies  were  to  follow  Col. 
Hawkins  and  join  him  at  Prestonburg,  on  the  Big  Sandy  River,  and 
there  await  developments. 

"  Within  a  few  days  about  four  hundred  men  had  gathered  at  Pres 
tonburg,  among  them  being  several  well  organized  and  equipped  com 
panies.  A  mass  meeting  was  held,  and  it  was  resolved  to  go  into 
camp  and  prepare  for  war.  A  leader  was  needed  to  assume  charge  of 
the  camp,  and  by  common  consent,  and  with  remarkable  unanimity, 
Hawkins  was  chosen  for  this  honorable  and  responsible  position. 
Hon.  J.  R.  Burns,  the  circuit  court  judge,  took  part  in  the  meeting. 
He  was  made  commissary  of  the  camp  (and  afterward  of  the  regi- 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  421 

ment),  and  did  great  service,  for  he  was  amongst  his  own  home  peo 
ple,  and  in  him  they  had  great  confidence.  Within  a  short  time  hun 
dreds  of  men  came  to  that  camp  of  volunteers  upon  the  Big  Sandy 
River.  On  one  day  five  full  companies  from  the  interior  of  the  State 
arrived,  all  well  mounted  and  well  armed,  most  of  them  carrying 
Enfield  rifles.  This  was  the  outlet  for  Gen.  Breckinridge.  Col.  John 
(Cerro  Gordo)  Williams,  afterwards  United  States  Senator,  came  to 
the  camp,  and  he  was  sent  to  Richmond  to  obtain  government  recog 
nition  and  to  muster  Col.  Hawkins's  forces  into  service  of  the  Confed 
eracy.  Before  Col.  Williams's  return,  Col.  Hawkins,  seeing  that  he 
had  no  company  and  probably  would  have  no  command  when  Wil 
liams  did  return,  resigned  his  position  as  commandant  of  the  camp, 
and  recommended,  as  his  successor,  Hon.  John  Ficklin.  Mr.  Ficklin 
was  chosen.  Within  a  few  days  Hawkins  had  organized  a  company 
of  seventy  men  for  cavalry  service,  he  preferring  that  arm,  if  he 
could  be  at  liberty  to  report  only  to  the  colonel  commanding.  Upon 
this  condition  he  tendered  the  services  of  his  company  as  soon  as  Col. 
Williams  returned  from  Richmond  with  the  authority  to  muster  the 
troops  into  active  service. 

"Williams  refused  to  accept  the  company  as  mounted  rangers, 
whereupon  Hawkins  called  his  men  together  and  told  them  that  he 
preferred  the  infantry  rather  than  to  be  placed  in  the  battalion  of 
mounted  men.  His  company  was  thereupon  disbanded,  and,  together 
with  thirty  of  his  men,  he  was  mustered  in  as  a  private  soldier. 
Probably  no  similar  record  can  be  found  in  the  annals  of  the  civil  war. 
He  gave  up  the  certainty  of  commanding  a  fine  company  of  cavalry, 
and  took  his  place  in  the  ranks  of  the  infantry;  and  this  fact  is  a  strong 
illustration  of  his  character  as  soldier  as  citizen. 

"  But  the  course  he  pursued  proved  to  be  the  wisest.  Three  days 
after  the  occurrence  he  was  mustered  in  as  captain  of  a  company  of 
one  hundred  and  fifteen  men,  and  permitted  to  nominate  every  sub 
ordinate  company  officer,  each  one  of  whom  was  unanimously  ac 
cepted.  When  the  regiment  was  organized  Capt.  Hawkins  was  elected 
major,  only  one  company  voting  against  him,  and  that  company  had  a 
worthy  candidate  of  its  own  for  the  same  position;  Capt.  Jack  May, 
of  Co.  A  of  the  regiment,  was  made  lieutenant-colonel;  some  months 
after  that  Col.  Williams  was  made  a  brigadier-general.  In  1862  May 
resigned,  and  the  honor  of  commanding  the  regiment  was  conferred 
upon  him  who  had  done  so  much  for  its  welfare  and  its  efficiency. 
Once  more  it  was  Col.  Hawkins.  His  regiment  was  the  Fifth  Ken 
tucky  Infantry,  and  from  the  time  he  assumed  command  till  the  close 
of  hostilities  that  regiment  bore  a  conspicuous  part  in  the  great 
struggle. 


422  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

"  It  was  a  glorious  record  that  famous  regiment  made.  At  Prince 
ton,  Va. ,  Chickamauga,  at  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
Dallas,  Intrenchment  Creek — in  every  battle  it  was  in  the  thick  of 
the  fight,  and  its  heroic  colonel  was  at  its  head.  At  Intrenchment 
Creek,  July  22,  1864,  his  clothing  was  many  times  torn  by  bullets; 
one  ploughed  through  his  sword  belt ;  and  finally  one  struck  him  in 
the  left  hip,  producing  a  dangerous  wound.  It  being  a  flesh  wound 
he  soon  recovered,  and  resumed  command  of  his  regiment,  taking  an 
active  and  conspicuous  part  in  harassing  detachments  of  Gen.  Sher 
man's  army  in  its  march  to  the  sea. 

"  Of  his  valor  in  battle,  his  gallantry  and  noble  bearing  at  all  times 
the  record  of  those  dreadful  years  of  strife  tell  in  the  terse  but  eloquent 
language  of  the  soldier.  His  men  loved  him  and  trusted  him  im 
plicitly;  and  the  high  regard  entertained  for  him  by  his  military  supe 
riors  is  best  shown  by  a  letter  from  Lieut. -Gen.  S.  B.  Buckner  to  the 
Secretary  of  War,  recommending  him  for  promotion  to  brigadier- 
general;  and  a  letter  from  Gen.  Humphrey  Marshall  making  the  same 
recommendation.  Gen.  Buckner's  letter  is  dated  January  20,  1864, 
and  he  refers  to  Col.  Hawkins  as  '  an  officer  of  zeal,  intelligence,  gal 
lantry,  and  ability.'  Gen.  Marshall  wrote  under  date  of  January  27, 
1864,  to  President  Jefferson  Davis,  that  Col.  Hawkins  was  'attentive 
to  his  duties;  of  most  excellent  character  and  deportment;  of  cool 
courage  under  fire ;  of  fine  military  bearing,  and  of  great  skill  and 
caution.' 

"  He  has  been  twice  married.  His  first  wife  was  Miss  Mary  Work 
man,  daughter  of  James  Workman,  Esq.,  of  Bath,  Ky. ,  whom  he 
wedded  September  8,  1853.  She  died  August  i,  1860.  His  second 
wife,  who  still  survives,  was  Mrs.  L.  A.  Boykin,  of  Eufaula,  Ala., 
whom  he  married  September  22d,  1864,  while  on  wounded  leave, 
after  the  battle  of  Intrenchment  Creek.  He  is  without  children. 

' '  This  second  marriage  was  really  the  beginning  of  his  career  in 
Alabama.  After  Johnston's  surrender  at  Greensboro,  N.  C. ,  in  1865, 
Col.  Hawkins  returned  to  Eufaula  and  engaged  in  farming  a  few  miles 
from  that  town,  in  Barbour  County,  in  which  occupation  he  is  still  en 
gaged.  In  his  leisure  moments  he  resumed  the  study  of  law,  having 
fitted  himself  for  admission  to  the  bar  before  the  war.  He  early  took 
a  high  place  in  his  adopted  county,  and  soon  became  its  most  noted 
progressive  farmer.  To  all  his  neighbors  he  endeared  himself,  and  his 
public  spirit,  his  energy,  and  his  ripe  intellect  made  him  a  conspicuous 
figure,  not  only  in  his  county,  but  in  the  life  of  the  State.  In  1870, 
he  was  chosen  president  of  the  Union  Female  College  at  Eufaula,  his 
accomplished  wife  was  made  lady  principal,  and  during  the  three  years 
in  which  he  had  control  of  that  institution,  the  number  of  pupils  in- 


COL.  MARTIN   H.  COFER. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN   I5RIGADE.  423 

creased  one  hundred  per  cent.;  and  that  this  great  increase  was  due  to 
his  personal  influence  and  worth  is  demonstrated  by  the  fact  that  after 
he  resigned,  the  attendance  fell  off  one-half.  In  1882,  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  lower  house  of  the  Alabama  legislature,  as  a  Demo 
crat,  and  reelected  in  1884  without  opposition,  thus  receiving  practical 
demonstration  of  the  people's  confidence. 

"  In  the  legislature  his  record  proved  him  to  be  an  enlightened  and 
broad-minded  patriot.  He  was  honored  each  term  with  the  chairman 
ship  of  the  committee  on  agriculture,  and  was  instrumental  in  securing 
much  needed  legislation  in  that  interest — among  which  was  the  act 
establishing  the  Department  of  Agriculture,  of  which  he  was  the  author. 
He  has  for  many  years  been  a  leader  in  the  agricultural  organizations 
of  Alabama,  and  for  a  term  of  two  years,  1889-91,  was  the  second 
officer  of  the  great  National  Grange  organization,  and  for  five  years 
has  been  master  of  the  Alabama  State  Grange, — a  position  of  honor 
and  trust  which  he  still  holds.  In  1890  he  was  elected  president  of 
the  Alabama  State  Agricultural  Society,  and  has  been  chosen  his  own 
successor  at  each  annual  meeting  since  then.  He  was  chosen  president 
and  general  manager  of  the  Alabama  State  Fair,  with  headquarters  at 
Birmingham,  in  1891,  and  reelected  in  1892.  The  wisdom  of  this 
choice  was  demonstrated  by  the  fact  that  the  fair  of  1891  was  the  most 
successful  ever  held  in  his  State." 

It  will  be  noted  that  he  has  made  himself  felt  in  his  adopted  State, 
interesting  himself  actively  in  many  measures  for  the  promotion  of  his 
people's  good. 

His  comrades  in  arms  are  proud  of  his  record  as  a  representative 
Kentuckian  away  from  home. 

COL.   M.   H.   GOFER. 

Martin  Hardin  Gofer  was  born  in  Hardin  County,  Kentucky,  April 
r,  1832.  His  early  life  was  spent  upon  the  farm,  and  his  educational 
advantages  were  limited  to  such  as  could  be  enjoyed  in  the  country 
schools  of  that  day.  He  had  not  attained  to  manhood,  however,  be 
fore  he  determined  to  enter  the  profession  of  law;  and,  having  ac 
quired  a  degree  of  proficiency  in  the  branches  then  taught  in  the  rural 
districts,  he  began,  at  twenty  years  of  age,  as  a  teacher  of  common 
schools  and  devoted  his  leisure  hours  to  reading  legal  works.  He 
continued  in  this  way  about  a  year,  when  (1853)  he  was  married 
to  Miss  Bush,  sister  of  Squire  H.  Bush,  afterward  a  brave  and  faithful 
>oldier,  and  since  the  war  an  able  legal  practitioner  and  honorable 
citizen.  In  a  short  time  he  removed  to  Illinois,  where  he  resided 
three  years. 


424  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

While  there,  he  continued  to  study  his  profession  when  not  en 
gaged  in  active  business,  and  on  the  ist  of  April,  1856  (having  just 
completed  his  twenty-fourth  year),  he  was  licensed,  by  the  Supreme 
Court  of  that  State,  to  practice ;  but,  instead  of  opening  an  office  there, 
he  concluded  to  return  to  Kentucky  and  labor  among  his  own  people. 
He  began  at  Elizabethtown  during  that  year.  It  appears  that,  up  to 
this  time,  he  had  not  been  fortunate  in  acquiring  property,  as  he 
started  under  depressed  pecuniary  circumstances,  and  in  humble  style ; 
but  his  purpose  was  fixed,  and  that,  to  those  who  knew  him,  was,  of  it 
self,  a  guarantee  of  success.  He  had  attained  such  a  degree  of  proficiency 
as  to  enable  him  to  appear  creditably  in  the  outset.  His  natural  abil 
ities  were  great,  and  he  had  such  energy,  perseverance,  and  force  of 
will  that  but  to  resolve  was  an  earnest  of  achievement,  and  he  acquitted 
himself  well  in  his  first  efforts.  He  commanded  respect  by  an  upright 
walk  and  an  honorable  deportment,  and  suffered  nothing  to  deter  him 
from  the  continual  acquisition  of  knowledge  necessary  to  enable  him 
to  attain  the  greatest  possible  proficiency  and  the  largest  success.  He 
made  steady  progress,  and,  at  the  beginning  of  the  war,  had  as  large  a 
practice  as  any  lawyer  at  the  bar  of  Elizabethtown. 

In  1860,  a  military  company  was  organized  at  that  place,  and  he  was 
chosen  its  captain.  It  soon  afterward  became  a  part  of  the  State 
Guard,  and,  in  1861,  spent  some  time  in  a  course  of  drill  lessons  at 
Camp  Joe  Daveiss,  under  his  command.  During  this  year,  too,  he 
was  the  Southern  Rights  candidate  for  the  lower  house  of  the  legisla 
ture,  having  openly  avowed  his  principles  and  determined  to  stand  by 
them.  His  competitor  was  Hon.  B.  R.  Young,  who  had  been  a  mem 
ber  of  Congress,  and  was,  withal,  a  man  of  ability  and  great  popularity. 
In  June,  1861,  at  the  special  election  for  member  of  Congress,  ex- 
Governor  Wickliffe,  Union  candidate,  had  carried  Hardin  by  more 
than  eight  hundred  majority.  Col.  Cofer  and  Dr.  Young  entered  upon 
the  canvass  in  July,  and,  after  an  exciting  contest,  the  Union  candi 
date  was  elected  by  a  majority  of  only  ninety  votes.  The  fight 
was  made  on  the  square  issue  of  South  or  North,  Col.  Cofer  con 
tending  that,  as  the  war  had  already  begun,  the  abstract  right  of  seces 
sion,  or  the  constitutional  warrant  for  coercion,  was  of  no  practical 
force  under  the  circumstances ;  that  men  could  not  well  stand  and 
plead  about  ideas  and.  theories  of  government  when  the  enemy  was 
already  at  the  door — Kentucky  must  take  position  with  one  or  the 
other  section,  and  which  should  it  be — the  North,  that  was  the  open 
enemy  to  an  institution  that  was  peculiar  to  her  in  connection  with 
the  Southern  States,  and,  therefore,  to  her  material  interests ;  or  the 
South,  with  which  she  was  identified  in  all  that  should  make  one  peo 
ple  dear  to  another  ?  So  plainly  was  this  issue  made,  and  so  boldly 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  425 

insisted  upon,  that,  after  the  Federals  occupied  Kentucky,  there  was 
no  more  conclusive  evidence  of  disloyalty  in  their  minds  than  that  a 
man  had  voted  for  Cofer.  They  were  marked  and  proscribed,  and 
many  of  them  afterward  felt  the  vengeance  of  the  oppressor.  His  con 
duct  during  the  canvass,  his  frank  declaration  of  a  policy  necessary 
for  the  hour,  and  founded  on  a  principle  that  would  justify  it,  together 
with  his  able  defense  of  the  position  taken,  won  the  confidence  and 
the  applause  of  the  party  that  he  represented,  and  he  had  the  assurance 
from  them  that,  though  defeated,  he  had  made  a  noble  fight. 

His  next  step  was  to  enter  the  Confederate  service.  He  started  to 
Richmond,  September  10,  but  met  Gen.  Buckner,  at  the  State  line, 
coming  to  Bowling  Green,  and  returned  with  him.  He  was  soon  after 
ward  authorized,  in  connection  with  Maj.  Thomas  H.  Hays,  to  raise  a 
battalion  of  six  companies,  of  which  he  was  to  be  lieutenant-colonel. 
They  succeeded  in  getting  but  five  companies,  and,  in  November, 
were  consolidated  with  other  companies,  that  formed  the  Sixth  Regi 
ment  (as  noticed  elsewhere).  He  was  elected  lieutenant-colonel  of 
this  command,  and  took  rank  from  the  first  of  November. 

As  will  be  seen  from  other  portions  of  the  work,  he  participated  in 
every  engagement  of  his  regiment  up  to  the  3oth  of  August,  1864, 
except  that  of  Stone  River,  and  was  severely  wounded  at  Shiloh. 

He  was  promoted  to  colonel,  September  30,  1863.  The  day  before 
the  first  battle  of  Jonesboro',  he  was  made  provost  marshal-general  of 
the  Army  of  Tennessee,  and  entered  upon  the  discharge  of  the  duties 
devolving  upon  that  officer.  He  reorganized,  or,  rather,  remodeled, 
the  force  with  which  he  was  intrusted,  and  was  prepared  for  effective 
service  soon  after  the  battle  of  Jonesboro'.  When  Gen.  Hood  started 
on  his  Tennessee  expedition,  he  accompanied  him,  and,  during  that 
trying  period,  rendered  the  most  signal  service.  The  duties  of  that 
position,  during  active  operations,  and  more  particularly  on  a  campaign 
embracing  in  its  scope  so  vast  a  department,  are  onerous  in  a  degree 
that  is  scarcely  realized,  and  the  responsibility  is  great.  Only  large 
administrative  abilities  are  adequate  to  the  proper  comprehension  of 
the  difficulties  that  lie  in  the  way  of  the  army  and  affect  the  prospects 
of  success,  and  the  devising  of  means  necessary  to  the  safety  and  effi 
ciency  of  the  troops.  Spies,  scouts,  all  the  general  police  of  the  depart 
ment,  are  under  his  immediate  control.  He  is  to  deal  with  the  wily, 
the  dangerous,  and  the  desperate  characters  who  infest  an  army  and 
prowl  about  the  theater  of  operations.  He  must  understand  of  what 
value  are  circumstances,  apparently  trivial  in  themselves,  as  pointing 
out  the  purposes  of  an  enemy,  and  the  perils  that  threaten  either  the 
front  or  the  communications.  And  he  must  not  only  comprehend  these 
things,  but  be  alive  and  energetic — prompt  to  determine,  clear-headed 


426  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

as  to  duty,  decisive  as  to  the  execution  of  it.  It  has  been  matter  of 
remark  that,  under  his  administration,  the  department  of  the  provost 
was  admirably  organized  and  controlled,  and  more  than  usually 
efficient. 

After  Hood's  disaster  at  Nashville  he  had  orders  to  go  back  to  Co 
lumbia  and  arrest  the  retreating  stragglers  at  Duck  River.  He  spent 
the  first  night  after  the  battle  at  Franklin,  where  he  organized  the 
teamsters  and  detailed  men  of  the  quartermaster  and  commissary  de 
partments  into  companies,  and  armed  them  for  the  protection  of  the 
wagon  train.  Having  effected  .this,  he  put  the  train  in  motion  about 
dark  on  the  second  evening,  and  set  out,  in  a  drenching  rain,  which 
continued  during  the  night.  Arriving  at  Columbia,  he  found  every 
thing  in  the  most  distressing  confusion.  Men  and  horses,  artillery 
carriages,  caissons,  and  pieces,  ambulances  and  baggage  wagons — the 
advance  guard  of  this  disorganized  army — were  crowding  over  the 
narrow  bridge.  He  passed  over  the  river,  collected  around  him  a  few 
soldiers  who  had  not  been  affected  by  the  almost  general  panic,  and  at 
once  placed  a  guard  at  the  bridge  and  stopped  the  crossing.  He  en 
deavored  to  induce  those  who  had  straggled  from  their  commands  to 
return,  but  the  demoralization  was  too  great,  and  but  few  who  had 
reached  that  point  could  be  brought  to  a  sense  of  shame  sufficient  to 
return  and  assist  in  checking  pursuit.  When  stopped  in  their  progress 
at  the  point  referred  to,  they  endeavored  to  cross  on  the  railroad  bridge 
below,  but  he  had  anticipated  the  movement,  and  they  found  a  guard 
there  prepared  to  prevent  a  passage.  The  rain  continued  to  fall  in  tor 
rents,  and  amid  all  the  confusion  of  the  hour  could  be  heard  the  distant 
roar  of  artillery,  where  Forrest  and  his  brave  men  were  holding  Thomas 
in  check,  and  preventing  him  from  overwhelming  the  broken  battalions 
of  Hood.  Nearer  and  nearer  came  the  sound  of  the  conflict,  and  the 
disorganized  body  on  the  north  side  of  the  river  continually  increased 
by  new  arrivals.  In  the  gloom  of  a  deep-clouded  day,  in  the  merci 
less  rain,  and  the  dreadful  mud,  the  great  mass  swayed  to  and  fro  as 
though  moved  by  a  restless  but  half-despairing  spirit,  and  was  power 
less  to  resist,  unable  to  advance. 

When  the  main  army  came  up,  Cofer  was  sent  forward  to  the  Ten 
nessee  River  to  prepare  for  crossing  the  troops.  He  had  now  been  up 
and  on  duty  for  three  days  and  nights,  without  sleep  or  rest,  but  there 
was  no  time. for  delay.  He  got  into  a  wagon,  and  lay  down  upon  his 
blanket  with  a  view  of  having  such  sleep  and  repose  as  could  be  ob 
tained  under  the  circumstances,  and  set  out  for  Pulaski.  He  after 
ward  described  his  feelings  as  having  been  of  a  nature  painful  in  the 
extreme.  He  was  worn  in  body  and  fevered  in  mind,  by  constant 
duty  and  momentous  responsibility,  for  more  than  seventy  hours — by 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  liRIGADE.  427 

physical  privation  and  exposure  to  the  inclement  weather  which  few 
men  have  had  the  fortitude  to  bear;  but  it  was  impossible  that,  with 
his  knowledge  of  the  dangers  that  threatened  them  cm  every  hand,  his 
mind  should  have  been  filled  with  any  but  the  most  gloomy  forebod 
ings,  and  these  almost  denied  him  the  relief  of  sleep. 

The  army  was  disorganized  and  almost  helpless.  At  least  one-fifth 
of  the  entire  number  were  barefoot;  and  now,  the  rain  having  ceased, 
the  weather  had  turned  suddenly  to  a  bitter  cold,  and  the  ground  over 
which  they  must  track  their  way  was  freezing  rapidly.  A  majority  of 
them  were  almost  naked,  and  none  were  well  clad.  Gen.  Rousseau, 
with  five  or  six  thousand  men,  lay  at  Murfreesboro',  on  the  left  flank, 
and  a  railroad  ran  from  that  place  to  Stevenson,  Alabama,  thence  to  a 
point  midway  between  Decatur  and  Huntsville,  on  the  south  bank  of 
the  Tennessee,  and  from  there  to  the  Mussel  Shoals  was  but  thirty 
miles.  The  shoals  offered  the  only  point  on  the  river,  from  Chatta 
nooga  to  Smithland,  where  a  pontoon  could  be  put  down  out  of  reach 
of  the  gunboats,  and  it  was  supposed,  as  a  matter  of  course,  that  Gen. 
Thomas  knew  it.  Allowing  him  to  be  a  man  of  even  ordinary  dis 
cernment  and  enterprise,  the  condition  of  Hood  was  seen  to  be  criti 
cal  in  the  extreme.  The  retreat  bade  fair  to  become  another  march 
from  Moscow,  and  the  Tennessee  the  Beresina  of  the  South.  But 
Thomas  contented  himself  with  pressing  down  the  then  dreadful  roads 
leading  toward  Florence ;  and,  as  he  left  the  only  avenue  of  escape 
open,  Gofer  succeeded  in  perfecting  the  preparations,  and  the  army 
made  its  way  across  the  river,  and  thence  to  Tupelo,  Mississippi. 
Here  they  built  huts  for  winter  quarters,  but  had  scarcely  completed 
them  when  orders  were  received  to  proceed  at  once  to  Gen.  Johnston 
in  North  Carolina.  Cofer  joined  him  at  Smithfield,  between  Raleigh 
and  Goldsboro'.  With  the  army,  he  began  to  retire  before  Sherman 
about  the  first  of  April,  but  soon  halted  at  Greensboro',  and  surren 
dered  there. 

It  is  admitted  by  all  to  whom  he  was  known — all  who  were  capable 
of  judging,  and  had  occasion  to  notice  his  conduct  in  whatever  capac 
ity — that  he  was  an  officer  of  extraordinary  merit.  Several  qualifica 
tions,  which  are  absolutely  essential  to  the  commander  who  is  charged 
with  both  the  direction  and  execution  of  military  affairs,  he  had  in  a 
surprising  degree. 

His  judgment  was  so  excellent  that  he  was  rarely  known  to  draw  a 
conclusion  from  a  false  premise,  or,  having  a  true  premise,  to  fail  of 
driving  straight  to  the  proper  inference,  without  being  confused  by 
minor  propositions  of  no  special  weight. 

His  sense  of  order  was  remarkable.  He  had  great  abilities  for 
"  bringing  order  out  of  confusion,"  and  whatever  business  he  took 


428  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

in  hand  was  speedily  reduced  to  system.  His  moral  sense  was  high, 
and  could  not  be  assailed  and  corrupted  by  the  blandishments  of  the 
designing,  by  unworthy  appeals  to  his  sympathies,  or  by  the  fear  of 
unjust  accusation.  He  was  solicitous  only  to  know  what  was  right, 
and  then,  to  do  it.  The  consequences  might  be  left  to  themselves. 
The  plain  path  of  duty,  however  rough,  however  stormy  for  the  time, 
was  never  abandoned  for  that  of  expediency.  To  look  at  him  while 
in  the  discharge  of  disagreeable  duty,  one  could  but  think  of  Lever's 
illustration  of  Wellington's  manner  of  dealing  with  incorrigible  offend 
ers,  and  of  the  provost  who  sat  during  the  five  minutes  in  which  old 
Monsoon  was  preparing  to  be  hanged,  "  eyeing  him  all  the  time,"  not 
because  he  delighted  in  it,  but,  as  it  was  to  be  done,  he  would  not 
hesitate  to  do  it.  Whenever  a  measure  was  necessary  for  the  preven 
tion  of  mischief,  Gofer  executed  it,  however  contrary  to  the  prompt 
ings  of  his  sympathies ;  and  though  it  sometimes  drew  down  upon 
him  the  maledictions  of  the  offending,  he  could  conscientiously  say 
that  he  never  dealt  harshly  with  any  one  but  from  a  sense  of  inexorable 
duty. 

Add  to  all  this  a  personal  courage  that  was  in  keeping  with  the  other 
features  of  his  character — not  rash,  but  cool,  steady,  constant;  look 
ing  not  at  the  dangers  that  beset  him  on  the  field,  but  to  the  end  to  be 
attained,  and  pursuing  it  with  an  unwavering  determination — and  it  is 
not  difficult  to  account  for  the  fact  that  he  won  the  unbounded  confi 
dence  of  all  who  were  capable  of  estimating  character. 

He  was  always  solicitous  for  the  personal  comfort  of  those  under 
his  control,  and  exerted  himself  personally  to  see  that  it  was  secured. 
But  he  never  tolerated  anything  that  was  contrary  to  order  or  impaired 
efficiency.  He  exacted  of  others  what  he  took  upon  himself — strict 
subordination,  prompt  performance  of  whatever  was  enjoined. 

Reports  of  battles  published  elsewhere  in  this  work  contain  allusions 
to  his  conduct  on  various  occasions. 

In  early  manhood  he  attached  himself  to  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,  South,  and,  in  all  his  relations  after  that  time,  maintained 
himself  as  the  upright,  honorable,  and  consistent  gentleman. 

He  returned  to  Elizabethtown  in  June,  1865,  and  resumed 
the  practice  of  law,  which  he  followed  with  marked  success  for  five 
years,  publishing  meanwhile  a  valuable  legal  work.  In  1870,  Gov. 
Stevenson  appointed  him  Judge  of  the  Circuit  Court  of  his  district  to 
fill  a  vacancy;  in  August,  1871,  he  was  elected  for  the  ensuing  term; 
and  in  August,  1874,  he  was  elected  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Appeals. 
He  died  before  the  expiration  of  his  eight-year  term,  May  226.,  1881, 
having  just  passed  his  forty-ninth  year. 


COL.  THOMAS   H.  HUNT. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  429 


COL.  THOMAS  H.   HUNT. 

This  officer,  who  recruited  and  so  ably  commanded  the  Ninth  Regi 
ment,  and,  at  Baton  Rouge,  the  brigade  to  which  it  belonged,  is  de 
scended  from  the  Hunts,  of  New  Jersey,  and  the  Harts,  of  Mary 
land,  and  was  born  in  Lexington,  Ky.,  January  2,  1815.  His  father, 
John  W.  Hunt,  was  a  man  renowned  in  his  day,  in  the  South  and 
Southwest,  for  his  great  energy  of  character,  enterprise  and  commer 
cial  ability.  The  tastes  of  the  son  for  mercantile  pursuits  dis 
played  themselves  at  a  very  early  period  in  life ;  and,  at  the  age  of 
eighteen,  he  left  school  and  embarked  in  business.  For  fifteen  years 
after  this  he  continued  to  reside  in  Lexington,  having,  meanwhile, 
(and  before  he  had  attained  to  his  majority),  married  Miss  Mary  Til- 
ford,  of  that  city;  but,  in  1848,  he  removed  to  Louisville,  and  en 
gaged  largely  in  commercial  enterprise.  A  few  years  afterward,  he 
combined  with  his  mercantile  operations  the  manufacture,  on  an  ex 
tensive  scale,  of  bagging  and  rope.  He  continued  in  business  here 
until  the  war  broke  out,  constantly  gaining  the  confidence  of  the  peo 
ple,  and  increasing  in  popularity. 

Though  steadily  and  consistently  opposing  a  resort  to  arms  as  long 
as  such  a  step  could  honorably  be  avoided,  he  was  at  no  loss  to  deter 
mine  which  side  to  favor,  when  it  was  found  that  war  was  inevitable. 
He  was  not  accustomed  to  take  an  active  part  in  the  political  affairs  of 
the  times ;  but  he  was,  nevertheless,  well  informed  upon  all  the  points 
of  difference  between  the  sections,  and  clearly  comprehended  the 
issues  both  directly  and  remotely  involved.  His  business  and  cor 
respondence  had  been  chiefly  with  the  South,  and  he  saw  that  his  own 
interests  were  similar  to  those  of  his  State  at  large,  and  that  the  obliga 
tions  of  trade,  as  well  as  common  traditions,  and  the  abstract  princi 
ples  of  the  constitution  itself,  naturally  pointed  to  the  course  which 
Kentucky  should  take,  in  defense  of  her  own  rights,  as  well  as  those 
of  her  sister  States  of  the  South. 

In  1860,  when  the  State  Guard  was  being  organized,  he,  without 
solicitation  on  his  own  part,  was  chosen  major  of  the  First  Battalion, 
and  he  was  afterward  appointed  to  the  command  of  the  Second  Regi 
ment,  K.  S.  G. ,  with  the  rank  of  colonel.  Some  time  during  the 
year  1860,  he  went  into  camp  with  his  battalion,  at  the  fair  grounds, 
near  Louisville;  and  here,  under  Gen.  Buckner,  he  received  his  first 
instruction  in  tactics  and  military  routine. 

In  the  spring  of  1861,  in  obedience  to  orders  from  Buckner,  he 
established  a  camp  of  instruction  on  Salt  River,  which  was  after 
ward  removed  to  Muldraugh's  Hill,  and  continued  for  several  weeks. 


430  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

The  discipline  was  as  good,  and  the  instruction  as  thorough,  as  are 
usually  found  among  volunteer  troops;  and  the  improvement  thus  de 
rived  prepared  many  young  men  for  positions  as  company  commanders 
in  both  armies,  according  as  their  predilections  led  them  to  espouse 
this  or  that  cause. 

After  these  camps  were  discontinued,  he  resigned  his  commission 
in. the  State  Guard,  having  determined  to  take  part  in  the  Confederate 
struggle,  and,  early  in  September,  he  repaired  to  Nashville.  Attend 
ing  to  some  private  affairs  there,  he  returned,  about  the  ist  of  October, 
to  Bowling  Green,  and  began  to  recruit  the  Ninth  Regiment,  (as 
noticed  in  a  preceding  portion  of  the  work,)  of  which  he  was  appointed 
colonel,  to  take  rank  from  the  3d  of  October,  1861. 

He  now  devoted  himself  assiduously  to  the  duties  incumbent  upon 
him ;  and  his  labor  and  care,  directed  by  a  superior  practical  intellect, 
and  combined  with  a  rare  natural  adaptation  to  lead  and  direct,  bore 
legitimate  fruits.  His  officers  were  soon  duly  impressed  with  the  re 
sponsibilities  of  their  several  stations,  and  with  the  certainty  that  they 
would  be  held  to  a  strict  accountability  for  the  discharge  of  their 
duties ;  while  the  men  were  not  only  drilled  and  instructed — trained 
for  the  intelligent  and  ready  execution  of  the  hazardous  trust  of  battle — 
but  they  were  speedily  confirmed  in  the  assurance  that  they  had  a 
commander  upon  whom  they  could  rely  in  any  event  short  of  death. 
Tall,  erect,  robust,  and  of  magnificent  mien,  dignified  without  being 
touched  with  hauteur  or  severity,  his  very  appearance  was  such  as 
would  distinguish  him  to  be  a  man  of  marked  character;  and  his  ordi 
nary  air  and  demeanor  would  speedily  win  upon  those  accustomed  to 
observe  men  in  the  various  relations  of  life.  He  was  one  of  the  few 
officers  who  could  exact  the  most  implicit  obedience  to  necessary 
orders,  without  the  appearance  of  harsh  authority ;  who  could  refuse 
an  untimely  request  without  incurring  the  charge  of  being  willfully 
unkind  and  disobliging;  who  could  be  firm  in  the  line  of  duty  without 
the  appearance  of  obstinacy ;  who  could  reprimand  without  arousing 
resentment;  who  could  so  temper  justice  with  mercy  as  never  to  be 
suspected  of  caprice,  and  could  thus  even  punish  without  exciting  en 
mity  ;  in  short,  who  could  be  the  courteous  and  kind,  yet  firm  and 
uncompromising  ruler,  both  loved  and  feared.  A  neglect  of  duty,  or 
disobedience  of  orders,  was  as  certain  to  meet  with  punishment  as  it 
came  under  his  eye,  yet  no  one  thought  of  him  for  a  moment  as  the 
spiteful  tyrant,  "clothed  in  a  little  brief  authority,"  but  as  one  who 
knew  what  the  service,  what  the  exigencies  of  the  case,  demanded, 
and  was  prompt  to  do  it.  Instances  could  be  multiplied  to  show  that 
with  all  this  character  of  the  military  precision,  he  was  a  man  of  the 
.liveliest  and  warmest  impulses.  The  men  of  his  regiment  never  ceased 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  431 

to  love  and  honor  him  for  the  kindly  interest  that  he  took  in  their  per 
sonal  comfort,  and  the  readiness  with  which  he  shared  their  hardships, 
and  set  them  a  cheerful  example.  One  case,  which  occurred  in  the 
outset,  and  was  but  a  prototype  of  many  subsequent  ones,  will  suffice  : 
On  the  march  from  Dripping  Springs  to  Merry  Oaks,  December  22, 
1861,  he  rode  some  time  at  the  head  of  his  column,  which  was  strug 
gling  through  the  mud,  under  a  constantly-pouring  wintry  rain ;  but 
he  seemed  to  be  much  concerned  for  them,  and  after  seeing  them 
wade  through  one  of  the  numerous  wet-weather  streams  that  were  en 
countered  that  day,  he  alighted  from  his  horse,  (familiarly  known  as 
"Old  Pomp,''  and  which  served  him  faithfully  as  a  battle-charger  after 
that,)  and,  throwing  the  bridle  over  his  arm,  marched  on  foot,  through 
the  mud,  and  straight  through  the  swollen  streams,  during  the  re 
mainder  of  the  day. 

It  is  said  that  he  knew  every  man  in  the  regiment  by  name,  and  his 
pluck  as  well  as  his  name;  that  he  made  it  a  point  to  favor  the  prompt, 
courageous,  and  faithful  all  he  could,  but  that  he  visited  woe  upon 
"  every  son  of  man"  whom  he  found  disposed  to  shirk  either  the  duty 
of  the  camp  or  the  danger  of  the  field. 

Characters  of  this  description,  as  well  as  those  of  the  haughty,  im 
perious,  overpowering  will,  mold  bodies  of  men  to  an  approximation 
of  their  own  standard,  and  largely  impress  them  with  their  own  indi 
viduality.  It  may  readily  be  allowed,  without  detracting  any  thing 
whatever  from  the  excellent  character  of  the  material  of  the  Ninth 
Regiment,  or  from  its  other  officers,  that  not  only  its  early  and  marked 
proficiency  in  the  drill  and  efficiency  in  battle,  but  its  uniform,  un 
shrinking,  undeviating  temper  to  the  last  were  largely  attributable  to 
the  excellent  administration  and  discipline  of  Col.  Hunt. 

Reports  published  in  another  portion  of  this  work  of  those  engage 
ments  in  which  he  took  part,  furnish  abundant  evidence  of  his  superior 
bearing  in  battle — of  both  courage  and  ability,  that  were  never  called 
in  question,  but  elicited  the  most  flattering  encomiums  from  the  first. 
Shortly  after  the  battle  of  Shiloh,  Gen.  Breckinridge  recommended  him 
for  promotion  in  the  following  terms  : 

HEADQUARTERS  RESERVE  CORPS,  A.  M., 

NEAR  CORINTH,  April  24,   1862. 

Gen.    Tho.  Jordan,    Chief  of  Staff: 

SIR — I  have  the  honor  to  recommend  to  the  notice  of  the  general 
commanding,  and  to  the  Government,  for  promotion,  Col.  Tho.  H. 
Hunt,  commanding  Ninth  Kentucky  Infantry.  He  is,  in  all  respects, 
an  admirable  officer,  with  a  marked  aptitude  to  command ;  and  he  con- 


432  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

ducted  himself  with  the  utmost  coolness  and  courage  upon  the  battle 
field  of  Shiloh. 

Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

JNO.   C.  BRECKINRIDGE,   Major-General. 

The  details  of  his  conduct  at  Shiloh,  and  subsequent  military  career, 
are  embraced  in  the  general  history  preceding  this.  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Hartsville,  and  Stone  River;  the  excellent  manner  in  which 
he  handled  Helm's  Brigade  at  Baton  Rouge,  and  drove  the  enemy 
steadily  until  he  was  dangerously  wounded  and  rendered  incapable  of 
further  action ;  the  masterly  achievement  at  Hartsville,  in  which  he 
played  so  prominent  a  part;  his  prompt  action  in  re-occupying  the  key 
position  at  Stone  River,  on  Monday  night, — all  these  the  attentive 
reader  will  find  recorded  there. 

At  Manchester,  April  22,  1863,  impelled  by  a  sense  of  duty  to  his 
family,  who  had  been  sent  through  the  lines,  and  were  placed  under 
circumstances  that  rendered  them  immediately  dependent  upon  him, 
he  sent  up  his  resignation,  and  in  a  short  time  received  notice  of  its 
having  been  accepted.  This  was  known,  to  those  who  were  in  his 
confidence,  to  be  a  bitter  alternative,  but  one  which,  though  devoted 
as  ever  to  the  cause,  he  could  not  avoid. 

The  morning  on  which  he  left  the  regiment  is  described  as  having 
furnished,  in  the  manifestations  of  the  officers  and  men,  a  testimonial 
of  the  most  expressive  character  to  his  worth,  and  an  indication  of  the 
feelings  of  affection  with  which  they  regarded  him.  Few  among  them 
could  take  his  hand,  in  parting,  without  tears,  and  all  were  sad  and  de 
pressed. 

After  having  settled  his  family  in  Augusta,  Ga.,  and  gone  into 
business  with  a  view  to  their  maintenance  (and  we  may  justly  add  that 
he  never  hesitated  to  aid  the  needy  soldiers  of  the  command,  too, 
wherever  he  found  them),  a  commission  as  brigadier-general  was  for 
warded  to  him  from  Richmond ;  but  the  reasons  that  compelled  him 
to  resign  now  operated  to  prevent  his  acceptance  of  the  new  appoint 
ment,  and  the  commission  was  respectfully  returned. 

To  show  the  slight  estimation  in  which  he  held  the  services  that  he 
rendered,  and  his  aversion  to  anything  that  looked  as  though  he  could 
arrogate  to  himself  the  slightest  credit,  we  may  record  that,  to  one 
who  proposed,  after  the  close  of  the  war,  to  prepare  a  personal  sketch 
of  him  for  publication,  he  replied  :  "  I  do  not  think  that  one  like  my 
self,  who  resigned  without  giving  even  as  much  as  two  years'  service 
to  the  cause,  deserves  prominent  notice.  There  were  many  in  my 
own  and  the  other  Kentucky  regiments  who  served  steadily  and  un 
complainingly  to  the  end  of  the  war,  and  they  deserve  the  honor." 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  433 

At  the  suggestion  of  Adjt.  W.  D.  Chipley,  we  have  obtained  a  copy 
of  a  letter  written  by  Gen.  Helm,  and  herewith  publish  it,  as  an  evi 
dence  of  the  great  esteem  in  which  Col.  Hunt  was  held  by  his  bri 
gade  commander.  The  letter  also  contained  the  most  flattering  in 
dorsements  by  both  Generals  Hardee  and  Breckinridge : 

HEADQUARTERS  HELM'S  BRIGADE, 
BRECKINRIDGE'S  DIVISION,  HARDEE'S  CORPS, 
NEAR  BEECH  GROVE,  TENN.,  May  16,  1863. 

Lieut. -Gen.  Hardee,  Commanding  Corps: 

SIR — The  resignation  of  Col.  Thos.  H.  Hunt,  Ninth  Kentucky 
Volunteer  Infantry,  having  been  accepted  by  the  President,  I  desire 
to  tender  him  some  manifestation  of  my  approval  of  his  exemplary 
conduct,  true  courage,  and  unusual  judgment  as  an  officer,  as  well  as 
my  appreciation  of  his  rare  attributes  as  a  gentleman. 

His  ability  as  an  officer  was  too  eminently  displayed  on  the  fields  of 
Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville,  and  Stone  River  to  re 
quire  any  mention  from  me.  His  qualities  as  a  comrade  are  evinced 
by  the  deep  regret  which  fills  the  hearts  of  his  associates  on  account 
of  his  departure.  The  resignation  of  so  gallant  a  soldier  and  devoted 
a  patriot  is  painful ;  yet  I  recognize  the  demand  upon  him  to  be  such 
as  to  compel  him  to  leave  a  profession  in  which  he  had  won  many 
bright  laurels,  and  to  bid  adieu  to  the  members  of  his  regiment,  who 
have  followed  him  so  long,  and  who  regard  him  with  the  greatest  de 
votion. 

Col.  Hunt's  regiment  constituted  a  part  of  Breckinridge's  brigade, 
of  the  Central  Army  of  Kentucky,  which  you  commanded  at  Bowling 
Green.  It  has  since  remained  under  Breckinridge's  immediate  com 
mand,  and  a  great  portion  of  the  time  under  you.  I  therefore  re 
spectfully  forward,  through  Gen.  Breckinridge,  this  expression  of  my 
regard  for  any  indorsement  which  Col.  Hunt's  services  may  warrant 
Gen.  Breckinridge  and  yourself  in  making. 
I  am,  general, 

Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

B.  H.  HELM,  Brigadier-General. 

After  the  war  closed  he  located  in  New  Orleans,  where  he  died, 
May  6th,  1884.  He  was  at  that  time  Secretary  of  the  World's  Expo 
sition. 


434  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 


COL.  J.  W.  CALDWELL. 

John  William  Caldwell,  son  of  Austin  and  Louisa  A.  Caldwell,  was 
born  in  Russellville,  Ky. ,  Jan.  15,  1836.  Here  he  was  put  to  school 
at  an  early  age,  and  the  main  advantages  of  scholastic  training  which 
he  has  enjoyed  were  acquired  before  he  had  attained  to  his  fourteenth 
year,  his  father,  about  this  time,  removing  to  Texas.  After  remaining 
five  years  in  that  State,  he  returned  to  Kentucky,  and  began  the  study 
of  law.  At  the  age  of  twenty-one  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  he 
practiced  in  Russellville  until  the  beginning  of  the  war,  when  he 
raised  a  company  in  Logan  County,  and  entered  the  Confederate 
service  with  the  rank  of  captain,  September,  1861.  He  was  ordered 
to  report  to  Col.  Thomas  H.  Hunt,  at  Bowling  Green,  where  his 
company  was  immediately  organized  and  designated  A,  of  the 
Fifth  (afterward  Ninth)  Kentucky  Infantry.  This  regiment  was  not 
fully  organized  before  leaving  Kentucky,  there  being  no  field  officer 
but  Col.  Hunt ;  and  in  this  condition  it  went  through  the  battle  of 
Shiloh.  Into  this  engagement  Capt.  Caldwell  carried  sixty-four  men, 
rank  and  file,  and  the  casualties  of  the  company  well  attest  what  it 
had  to  encounter,  and  the  gallantry  with  which  it  deported  itself 
throughout.  Twelve  men  were  killed  outright,  and  twenty-nine 
wounded,  the  very  unusual  loss  of  more  than  sixty-four  per  cent.  The 
captain  himself  had  his  left  arm  badly  broken  on  Sunday.  His  con 
duct  in  this  battle  won  the  confidence  of  Col.  Hunt,  who  never  al 
lowed  the  bearing  of  an  officer  in  battle  to  escape  him,  nor  failed  to 
report  any  who  faltered  in  their  duty,  and  Caldwell  was  mentioned  in 
the  reports,  and  recommended  for  promotion  to  the  rank  of  major. 
Under  the  order  for  the  organization  of  troops,  however,  the  Ninth 
Regiment  completed  its  organization  on  the  i5th  of  May,  1862,  and 
Maj.  Caldwell  was  elected  lieutenant-colonel,  and  commissioned  ac 
cordingly.  His  wound  was  of  such  a  nature  that  he  long  suffered 
from  the  effects  of  it,  but  he  was  absent  only  a  short  time,  returning  to 
the  brigade  on  the  2yth  of  May,  and  assuming  command  of  his  regi 
ment  on  the  zd  of  June,  at  Baldwin,  on  the  retreat  toward  Tupelo. 
Hunt  was  now  in  command  of  first  brigade  of  division,  and,  conse 
quently,  Lieut. -Col.  Caldwell  continued  to  command  the  Ninth  Regi 
ment  until  Gen.  Helm  took  charge  of  the  brigade,  and  Col.  Hunt  was 
relieved.  While  at  Vicksburg,  he  was  ordered  to  Cartersville,  Ala 
bama,  on  business,  by  Gen.  Breckinridge.  On  his  return,  he  was 
taken  ill  at  Jackson,  but  not  so  severely  as  to  prevent  his  reporting  in 
person,  which  he  did  after  having  been  absent  but  three  days  ;  and  he 
now  stayed  during  the  remainder  of  the  siege,  though  suffering  with  fever, 


COL.  JOHN  W.  CALDWELL. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  435 

really  unfit  for  duty  at  all,  and  doing  himself  injustice  by  attempting 
it.  We  have  hitherto  had  occasion  to  notice  such  manifestations  of  de 
votion  to  duty  and  to  the  cause,  on  the  part  of  both  officers  and  men, 
amounting  to  disregard  of  self,  denoting  a  character  of  marked  force 
and  excellency,  the  true  soldier,  whom  nothing  short  of  the  fiat  of 
Deity  can  conquer.  Such  a  one  may  be  trampled  in  the  dust,  mangled 
and  broken  in  body,  borne  down  by  the  sheer  force  of  calamity, 
chained  to  the  car  of  unpropitious  fortune,  yet,  the  true  spirit,  like 
Truth,  "though  crushed  to  earth  will  rise  again,"  and,  shining  out 
amid  all,  projecting  its  light  into  the  future,  will  illumine  the  page  of 
history,  and  teach  men  to  disregard  the  evils  that  beset  their  path,  and 
pursue,  with  an  unwavering  determination,  the  objects  of  a  just  am 
bition. 

When  the  division  left  for  Baton  Rouge,  he  accompanied  it,  and 
marched  to  the  attack,  commanding  right  wing  of  the  reserve  force  of 
Helm's  brigade ;  but  in  the  confusion  consequent  upon  the  disorderly 
conduct  of  the  Partisan  Rangers,  his  horse  was  wounded  by  the  first 
fire,  which  caused  it  to  plunge  headlong  to  the  rear,  his  strength  being 
inadequate  to  the  task  of  controlling  a  frantic  animal,  and  as  it  ran 
down  in  front  of  the  reserved  troops  (Ninth  Kentucky  Regiment  and 
Fourth  Alabama  Battalion),  his  own  men,  mistaking  him  for  one  of 
what  they  at  first  supposed  to  be  Federal  cavalry,  fired  upon  him. 
His  escape  seemed  almost  miraculous,  as  his  clothes  were  pierced  by 
several  balls,  and  his  horse  received  a  fatal  shot.  In  its  fall,  he  was 
thrown  against  a  wheel  of  Cobb's  caisson,  and  badly  bruised;  but 
Gen.  Helm  having  been  disabled  and  Col.  Hunt  placed  in  command 
of  brigade,  the  command  of  his  own  regiment  and  the  Alabama  Bat 
talion  devolved  upon  him,  and  he  determined  to  march  on  foot,  and 
join  in  the  attack.  This  he  was  able  to  do,  as  it  was  early  morning, 
and  neither  the  heat  nor  exercise  were  violent  until  between  eight  and 
nine  o'clock,  when  the  great  exertion  required  by  the  rapid  move 
ments  over  hedges,  fences,  and  through  the  grass  and  weeds  of  the 
fields,  together  with  the  intense  heat  of  the  sun  that  now  began  to  be 
felt,  completely  exhausted  him,  and  he  was  compelled  to  relinquish 
the  command  to  Maj.  Wickliffe.  He  returned  with  the  division  to 
Jackson,  and  remained  with  his  men  almost  constantly  thereafter, 
though  his  health  was  not  completely  restored  until  late  in  the  autumn. 
At  Knoxville,  he  was  one  of  the  officers  selected  to  be  sent  forward 
into  Kentucky  to  recruit  for  the  Ninth  Regiment,  but  returned  in  time 
to  participate  in  the  operations  and  engagement  at  Stone  River. 

April  22,  1863,  Hunt  having  resigned,  he  was  promoted  to  colonel. 
He  was  with  his  regiment  during  the  operations  in  Mississippi,  1863, 
and  fought  at  Chickamauga,  where  he  was  again  badly  wounded;  his 


436  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

left  arm  being  again  so  badly  broken  that  he  did  not  recover  the  free 
use  of  it  during  the  remainder  of  the  war.  He  returned  to  duty,  how 
ever,  and  remained  throughout,  though  it  was  long  necessary  for  him 
to  have  assistance  in  mounting  his  horse.  In  February,  1864,  when 
the  Federal  general  (Thomas)  advanced  toward  Dalton,  and  the  bri 
gade  marched  out  to  defend  the  passes,  he  commanded  it,  Gen.  Lewis 
being  in  command  of  Bate's  division. 

On  the  trying  four  months'  campaign  from  Dalton  to  Jonesboro',  he 
won  increased  confidence  in  his  gallantry  and  ability.  At  Jonesboro', 
September  i,  1864,  Gen.  Lewis  again  commanded  division,  and  he 
was  placed  in  command  of  brigade ;  and  had  he  been  allowed  to  act 
upon  his  judgment,  he  would  have  saved  the  command  from  capture. 
The  fight  was  obstinately  maintained,  as  heretofore  noticed,  along  the 
whole  line,  but  the  enemy  finally  succeeded  in  forcing  it  by  throwing 
a  heavy  charging  column  on  the  Sixth  and  Seventh  Arkansas.  These 
troops  held  their  position  until  actually  run  over  and  borne  down  by 
overwhelming  numbers.  Col.  Caldwell,  on  the  alert,  and  with  char 
acteristic  self-possession,  saw  this  movement  on  his  left,  and  knew  at 
once  that  either  capture  or  destruction  awaited  the  brigade  unless  he 
could  withdraw  it  so  speedily  as  to  escape  the  flank  and  rear  advance 
of  the  Federals,  now  pouring  over  the  slight  works  of  Govan.  He 
accordingly  ordered  a  retreat,  but  before  the  order  could  be  commu 
nicated,  Gen.  Lewis,  who  had  been  directed  by  Cleburne  to  hold  his 
division  to  the  works,  had  dispatched  Adjt.-Gen.  Hewitt,  with  the  or 
der  to  Col.  Caldwell,  and  he  was  compelled  to  remain,  in  consequence 
of  which  a  large  number  of  the  men  were  captured.  When  the  enemy 
was  upon  him,  however,  and  there  was  no  hope  of  succor,  acting  upon 
the  discretionary  power  which  such  a  condition  naturally  conferred,  he 
again  attempted  to  withdraw,  but  succeeded  in  getting  out  only  about 
two  hundred  and  fifty  men.  In  the  effort  made  by  Cleburne  to  retake 
the  line,  Caldwell  moved  promptly  forward  with  his  broken  band,  but 
was  unable  to  regain  his  ground;  only  Col.  Thompson,  with  the  Fourth 
Regiment,  reaching  the  pits  at  all,  and  he,  without  support  on  either 
flank,  was  obliged  to  retire. 

On  the  movement  between  Atlanta  and  Savannah,  he  was  some 
times  in  command  of  the  brigade,  and,  in  whatever  capacity,  he  was 
all  the  time  vigilant  in  observing  the  enemy,  assisting  to  retard  his 
progress,  and  preventing  him  from  throwing  out  parties  to  ravage  the 
country. 

In  March,  1865,  when  the  brigade  had  returned  to  the  vicinity  of 
Augusta,  to  prevent  an  apprehended  raid  on  that  place,  Gen.  Young 
ordered  Gen.  Lewis  to  send  a  regiment  to  Sumter,  South  Carolina,  to 
ascertain  whether  the  Federals  were  moving  inland,  and,  if  so,  to  pro- 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  437 

tect  the  rolling-stock  at  that  place.  Col.  Caldwell  was  selected  for 
this  duty,  and  he  accordingly  set  out,  and  was  five  days  on  the  track 
over  which  Sherman  had  passed,  having  previously  provided  himself 
with  forage  and  rations,  which  were  carried  on  the  horses,  for  it  was 
impossible  to  feed  either  man  or  beast  where  the  destroyer  had  been. 
Reaching  the  Santee,  at  the  mouth  of  Eutaw  Creek,  and  near  the  old 
Revolutionary  battleground — the  most  practicable  point  for  crossing — 
he  found  that  the  boats  were  sunk,  and  that  to  carry  out  the  design  of 
the  expedition,  he  must  raise  these,  and  by  their  means  pass  the  com 
mand  over  the  ferry,  now  three  and  a  half  miles  wide — river  and 
swamp.  He  immediately  set  vigorously  to  work,  the  boats  were 
raised,  and  for  two  days  and  nights  he  was  employed  in  crossing 
one  hundred  and  fifty  men  and  horses.  On  going  over  himself, 
during  the  second  night,  he  learned  that  one  Potter  had  come  up  from 
the  coast,  and  was  within  ten  miles  of  Sumter,  laying  waste  the  coun 
try;  and  he  forthwith  put  his  column  in  motion,  making  a  forced 
march  of  forty  miles,  and  arriving  at  the  point  of  destination  before  the 
enemy.  Here  he  found  two  hundred  militia,  tolerably  armed,  and 
having  in  charge  two  old  iron  guns. 

He  took  command  of  this  force,  and  posted  it  at  Dingle's  Mill, 
on  Turkey  Creek,  and  on  the  main  road  leading  from  Sumter  to  Man 
ning,  half  a  mile  from  the  confluence  of  the  little  creek  with  the  Poco- 
taligo.  The  mill-dam  had  been  cut,  and  the  bottom  beyond  his  posi 
tion  was  flooded.  The  Ninth  Regiment  was  sent,  under  command  of 
Lieut. -Col.  Wickliffe,  to  the  rear  of  the  Federals,  to  burn  the  wagon 
train,  if  possible,  and  create  a  diversion  that  would  prevent  the  ad 
vance  of  the  whole  force  on  the  troops  at  Dingle's.  Two  officers, 
who  were  sick  in  hospital  at  Sumter,  volunteered  their  services,  and 
were  placed  in  charge  of  the  guns.  At  about  three  o'clock  on  the 
afternoon  of  March  — th,  the  Federals  appeared,  posted  their  artillery, 
and  opened  fire,  but  without  effect,  and  at  the  end  of  one  hour  they 
endeavored  to  pass  over  the  flooded  road  and  carry  the  colonel's  line  by 
assault,  but  were  three  times  repulsed,  and  abandoned  the  attempt  un 
til,  having  brought  up  some  rifled  pieces,  they  succeeded  in  killing  the 
officers  in  command  of  battery,  and  so  demoralized  the  militia  as  to 
render  useless  any  attempt  to  handle  them  efficiently.  Caldwell  now 
retreated  to  Sumter,  in  tolerable  order,  shipped  everything  to  Cam- 
den,  and  lost  his  militia  support,  they  having  disbanded  as  soon  as  the 
public  property  was  removed  from  the  town.  The  Ninth  Regiment  re 
ported,  and  he  moved  out  on  the  Camden  road.  With  this  small  force, 
augmented  by  a  few  mounted  citizens,  he  boldly  confronted  Potter, 
skirmished  with  him  constantly,  and,  in  the  language  of  one  of  Gen. 
Lewis'  staff  officers,  "compelled  him  to  keep  to  the  main  road,  thereby 


438  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

preventing  a  large  amount  of  damage  to  the  country."  At  no  time, 
perhaps,  after  the  fight  at  the  mill  did  his  command  exceed  two  hun 
dred  men,  while  Potter's  troops,  of  all  arms,  amounted  to  five  thou 
sand.  When  it  was  definitely  known  at  Augusta  that  the  Federals 
were  in  the  interior  of  South  Carolina,  Gen.  Lewis  hastened  to  Cam- 
den.  He  found  Col.  Caldwell  some  miles  below,  actively  engaged 
with  the  enemy,  and  the  brigade  was  reunited.  The  subsequent  events 
in  that  vicinity  have  already  been  noticed,  and  in  previous  engage 
ments  the  history  of  the  brigade  is  the  history  of  Col.  Caldweil,  and 
need  not  be  repeated. 

As  a  lawyer,  he  has  always  been  considered  to  possess  great  abilities, 
and  his  good  character,  fine  social  qualities,  and  studious  habits  have 
enabled  him  to  rise  steadily  in  his  profession  and  attain  to  civil  distinc 
tion.  As  a  military  officer,  he  was  devoted  to  the  cause  for  which  he  had 
sacrificed  the  pleasures  and  pursuits  of  the  honored  citizen,  and  taken 
arms  ;  he  was  attentive  to  duty,  jealously  watchful  of  the  interests  of  his 
men,  and  brave,  cool,  and  efficient  in  the  day  of  battle.  Having  been 
proved  at  Shiloh,  he  ever  afterward  enjoyed  the  confidence  of  the  com 
mand  and  of  his  superior  officers.  Hunt  and  Lewis  are  said  to  have 
regarded  him  with  particular  favor ;  and  in  no  instance  during  the  war 
did  he  fail  to  meet  the  expectations  that  had  been  based  upon  his  early 
engagements  and  known  ability. 

When  the  war  closed,  he  returned  to  Russellviile,  and  reentered 
upon  the  practice  of  his  profession  with  renewed  zeal  and  an  enlarged 
experience  of  men.  In  1866,  he  was  elected  Judge  of  the  Logan 
County  Court — the  people  thus  evincing  their  approval  of  his  course 
during  the  four  years  in  which  he  represented  them  in  the  glorious 
army  of  the  Confederate  States. 

He  was  subsequently  elected  to  represent  the  third  district  in  con 
gress,  in  which  body  he  took  high  rank  and  so  won  the  approval  of 
his  constituents  that  he  was  again  and  again  returned ;  but  he  finally 
declined  a  nomination,  and  has  since  lived  the  life  of  a  retired  gentle 
man,  though  giving  personal  attention  to  his  private  affairs  and  exert 
ing  himself  actively  when  the  interests  of  his  people,  and  especially  of 
his  old  comrades-in-arms,  seem  to  require  it. 

LIEUT. -COL.  JAMES  W.  HEWITT. 

James  W.  Hewitt  was  born  at  Kanawha,  Va. ,  August  27,  1827. 
His  father  was  long  known  in  Kentucky,  and,  indeed,  almost  the  entire 
South,  as  Capt.  James  Hewitt,  of  the  firm  of  Hewitt,  Norton  &  Co., 
cotton  factors  and  commission  merchants,  who  did  a  large  and  flourish 
ing  business  in  the  cities  of  New  Orleans,  Louisville,  New  York,  and 


LIEUT.-COL.  JAMES  W.  HEWITT. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  439 

Liverpool,  where  they  had  established  houses  for  commercial  purposes. 
He  had  removed  to  Louisville,  Ky. ,  while  the  subject  of  the  present 
sketch  was  but  a  child;  and  before  the  beginning  of  the  war  had 
amassed  a  great  fortune.  The  son  was  brought  up  to  all  the  advan 
tages  that  the  wealth  in  the  hands  of  his  parents  could  bestow.  He 
attended  the  schools  of  his  adopted  city  during  his  early  boyhood,  had 
the  best  of  teachers,  and  all  the  facilities  that  were  deemed  essential 
to  improvement. 

After  having  grown  up  somewhat,  he  was  placed  under  the  care  of 
Col.  R.  T.  P.  Allen,  superintendent  of  the  Kentucky  Military  Insti 
tute,  and  there  completed  his  education.  In  early  manhood  he  was 
married  to  Miss  Belle  Key,  of  Louisville,  and  engaged  in  business  as 
a  commission  merchant,— first  in  St.  Louis,  then  in  New  York.  Dur 
ing  his  residence  in  the  latter  city,  he  was  captain  of  one  of  the  com 
panies  of  the  famous  Seventh  New  York  Regiment,  but,  upon  the 
breaking  out  of  the  late  war,  he  gave  in  his  adherence  to  the  South, 
and,  having  resigned  his  commission  in  the  regiment  alluded  to,  he 
entered  the  Confederate  service  as  major  of  the  Second  Regiment 
Kentucky  Infantry,  to  which  position  he  was  elected  on  the  iyth  of 
July,  1 86 1. 

When  the  winter  campaign  of  1861  opened,  the  Confederate  Gov 
ernment  had  not  found  it  possible  to  furnish  such  clothing  as  was 
absolutely  necessary  to  protect  its  soldiers  from  the  rigors  of  a  winter 
in  Kentucky  and  Tennessee,  and  Maj.  Hewitt  generously  supplied 
every  man  in  his  own  regiment  with  an  excellent  overcoat,  at  an  enor 
mous  expenditure,  which  has  been  variously  estimated  at  from  ten  to 
twenty  thousand  dollars;  and  the  command  was  thus  rendered  more 
comfortable  during  the  bitter  trial  at  Donelson,  in  which  the  elements 
seemed  to  combine  with  the  efforts  of  the  Federal  forces  in  visiting 
suffering  and  destruction  upon  the  unfortunate  garrison. 

He  was  slightly  wounded  at  Donelson,  in  command  of  the  right  wing 
of  the  regiment  (the  lieutenant-colonel  being  absent),  but  escaped  cap 
ture,  and  reported  to  Gen.  Breckinridge  at  Corinth,  after  the  battle  of 
Shiloh.  He  was  now  assigned  to  staff  duty,  and  served  with  Generals 
Preston  and  Breckinridge  during  the  summer.  After  the  Second  Regi 
ment  was  exchanged,  he  rejoined  it,  and  at  the  battle  of  Hartsville  was 
in  command.  He  was  promoted  to  lieutenant-colonel,  December  13, 
1862,  and  commanded  the  regiment  at  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and 
Chickamauga.  At  Stone  River  he  was  wounded,  though  not  seriously, 
by  a  shell,  and  it  will  be  seen  that  mention  is  made  of  him  in  the  report 
of  Col.  Trabue.  He  fell  at  Chickamauga,  September  20,  1863,  in  the 
desperate  charge  of  that  morning,  under  circumstances  thus  mentioned 
in  the  report  of  the  battle :  "  Lieut. -Col.  James  W.  Hewitt,  in  advance 


440  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

of  his  regiment,  and  showing  a  devotion  and  daring  entitled  to  the 
highest  commendation,  was  killed." 

LIEUT.-COL.   HERVEY  McDOWELL. 

Hervey  McDowell,  a  son  of  John  Lyle  McDowell  and  Nancy  Haw 
thorne  (Vance)  McDowell,  was  born  near  Lexington,  Ky.,  April  15, 
1835.  He  is  one  of  the  family  of  that  name  famous  in  the  history  of 
several  States — characterized  by  lofty  courage ;  a  sense  of  honor  so  in 
grained  that  it  needs  not  to  be  paraded  or  insisted  upon,  as  it  manifests 
itself  in  all  the  conduct  of  life;  a  lively  public  spirit  that  makes  its 
possessor  an  important  factor  in  promoting  the  good  of  society;  and  a 
martial  temper  that  has  caused  the  name  to  be  inscribed  upon  almost 
every  roster  and  muster-roll  of  the  colonies  and  the  Republic,  as  well 
as  in  the  archives  of  the  State,  since  Ephraim  McDowell  came  to 
America  more  than  a  century  and  a  half  ago. 

His  European  ancestors  were  Scotch  Covenanters,  who  emigrated 
from  Scotland  to  the  north  of  Ireland  during  Cromwell's  protectorate. 
Ephraim  McDowell,  his  great-great-great-grandfather,  born  in  Ireland, 
in  1674,  was  a  soldier  in  the  siege  of  Londonderry  (1689)  and  at  the 
Battle  of  the  Boyne  (1690),  but  came  to  America  after  his  four  chil 
dren  were  grown,  on  the  ship  "George  and  Anne"  (October,  1729). 
They  settled  first  in  Pennsylvania,  but  in  1737  moved  to  the  valley  of 
Virginia  and  settled  on  Borden's  grant — afterward  Rockbridge 
County.  John  McDowell,  the  oldest  son  of  this  Scotch-Irish  immi 
grant,  was  commissioned  by  Gov.  Gooch  as  captain  of  a  company  in 
the  colonial  force  for  the  protection  of  the  frontier,  and  was  killed  in 
battle  with  Indians,  December  25,  1742.  John's  oldest  son,  Samuel, 
became  prominent  in  both  Virginia  and  Kentucky.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  House  of  Burgesses ;  was  a  soldier  in  the  French  and  In 
dian  war ;  colonel  of  a  regiment  during  the  Revolution ;  and  a  trustee 
of  the  Washington  College,  in  which  he  had  been  educated  when  it 
was  known  as  Augusta  Academy.  In  1783  he  and  Col.  John  Floyd 
opened  the  first  court  in  Kentucky.  Afterward  he  was  chairman  of 
the  nine  conventions  held  to  consider  the  question  of  Kentucky's  rela 
tions  to  the  mother  Commonwealth,  and  provide  for  the  admission  of 
Kentucky  to  the  Union,  and  was  also  chairman  of  the  first  Constitu 
tional  Convention.  He  was  one  of  the  first  trustees  (1783)  of  Tran 
sylvania  University.  His  son,  James,  the  grandfather  of  Col.  Hervey 
McDowell,  was  a  soldier  in  the  Revolutionary  war;  and  in  that  of 
1812  he  held  the  rank  of  major.  The  father  of  the  subject  of  this 
notice  was  a  soldier  during  the  war  of  1812.  The  farm  on  which  Col. 
McDowell  was  born,  and  which  remained  in  the  family  from  1775  to 


LIEUT.-COL.  HEKVEV   McDOWELL. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  441 

1885,  was  granted  to  his  great-grandfather,  Judge  Samuel  McDowell, 
for  services  in  the  French  and  Indian  war — the  house  built  on  it  by 
Col.  James  McDowell  in  1792  being  the  oldest  brick  house  in  Fayette 
County. 

When  Hervey  McDowell  was  twelve  years  old,  the  family  removed 
to  Owen  County  and  settled  on  the  Kentucky  River,  where  he  lived 
during  the  remainder  of  his  minority,  except  when  absent  at  school. 
He  took  a  preparatory  course  at  Drennon  Springs ;  and  went  afterward 
to  the  Kentucky  Military  Institute,  where  he  graduated  in  1856.  He 
then  read  medicine  with  Drs.  Ethelbert  Dudley  and  Henry  Skillman, 
at  Lexington,  attending  the  annual  sessions  of  the  Missouri  Medical 
College,  at  St.  Louis,  where  he  graduated  in  1858.  He  located  that 
year  in  Cynthiana,  and  practiced  until  the  summer  of  1861,  when  he 
took  fire,  after  the  manner  of  the  old  Covenanter,  who  had  impressed 
his  traits  so  powerfully  on  his  descendants,  and  entered  the  Confed 
erate  army. 

He  recruited  Co.  F,  Second  Kentucky  Infantry,  and  was  its  first 
captain;  was  promoted  to  major  after  the  battle  of  Chickamauga; 
and  to  lieutenant-colonel  after  that  of  Jonesboro',  1864. 

The  following  paragraph  in  Green's  "Historic  Families  of  Ken 
tucky  "  is  so  truly  descriptive  of  his  person  and  his  character  that  it 
properly  finds  a  place  here: — "With  a  large,  well-formed  head,  a 
square  forehead  and  prominent  brow ;  a  very  large,  clear,  pale-blue 
eye  that  looks  squarely  at  you  and  sometimes  glitters  like  steel ;  a  full 
jaw  and  chin,  indicating  the  utmost  resolution  and  force ;  an  athletic 
person — with  features  that  are  peculiar  to  his  race, — Col.  McDowell 
combines  to  a  remarkable  degree  the  family  traits.  About  his  manner 
there  is  a  quiet  reserve ;  his  appearance  and  bearing  impress  all  who 
meet  him  as  those  of  a  man  absolutely  impenetrable  to  fear,  and  as 
absolutely  incapable  of  falsehood  and  any  kind  of  meanness.  The  sol 
diers  who  fought  by  his  side  in  the  Confederate  army  describe  his  cour 
age  as  heroic,  his  coolness  and  composure  under  the  heaviest  fire  as 

phenomenal.    These  characteristics  were  most  amply  tested 

In  prison,  in  camp,  on  the  march,  in  the  hottest  fights 

of  the  bloody  war ;  in  victory  and  defeat ;  always  uncomplaining,  calm, 
energetic  and  daring,  he  exhibited  the  best  qualities  of  a  soldier." 

An  educated,  observant,  and  gallant  soldier  of  Co.  B,  Second  Ken 
tucky,  once  said  to  the  writer:  "Col.  Hervey  McDowell  has  what  I 
consider  a  quality  rather  rare  among  men — he  is  absolutely  truthful  and 
candid.  He  is  a  man  of  vigorous  intellect,  and  I  think  he  has  an 
especially  tenacious  memory.  The  entire  South  did  not  produce  a 
better  or  a  braver  soldier  than  Col.  McDowell." 

In  the  battle  at  Donelson  he  was  severely  wounded  in  the  head  and 


442  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

side;  was  captured  with  the  rest  of  the  command  and  kept  in  prison 
on  Johnson's  Island  six  months.  When  exchanged,  he  returned  with 
his  command  to  Vicksburg,  where  it  was  reunited  with  the  other  regi 
ments  of  the  Orphan  Brigade,  and  thenceforth  they  were  inseparable 
and  Col.  McDowell's  career  as  inseparably  connected  with  it.  He  was 
in  every  subsequent  battle :  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Chickamauga,  Mis 
sion  Ridge,  the  many  engagements  from  Dalton  to  Jonesboro'  and  on 
the  campaign  from  the  latter  place  to  the  sea  and  through  the  Carolinas. 
At  Stone  River  he  was  wounded  through  both  arms  and  struck  in  three 
other  places;  was  wounded  at  Chickamauga  also. 

After  the  war,  his  thorough-going  proclivities  led  him  to  seek  still 
profounder  medical  and  surgical  knowledge,  and  he  attended  two 
courses  of  lectures  as  a  post  graduate  in  his  old  school,  the  Missouri 
-Medical  College.  In  St.  Louis,  1869,  he  married  a  second  cousin, 
Miss  Louise  Irvine  McDowell,  daughter  of  Judge  Alexander  Keith 
Marshall  McDowell,  of  Alabama.  They  located  permanently  in  Cyn- 
thiana,  where  he  has  since  been  engaged  in  practice  with  marked  suc 
cess  and  never-waning  popularity.  They  have  six  educated,  spirited, 
and  worthy  sons,  to  whom  we  may  look  to  carry  into  the  peaceful  pur 
suits  of  life  those  soldierly  instincts  and  qualities  which  are  the  surest 
guarantee  of  honorable  citizenship.  In  his  family  he  is  a  marked  exem 
plification  of  the  truth  that 

"The  tenderest  are  the  truest, 
The  bravest  are  the  best." 

Under  the  stern  and  undemonstrative  exterior  of  the  soldier  is  to  be 
found  the  warmest  domestic  devotion ;  and  only  kindred  natures  and 
those  who  know  him  well  can  comprehend  the  poignancy  of  his  suffer 
ing  (as  well  as  that  of  the  loving  mother's)  when,  two  years  ago,  they 
lost  their  beautiful  and  only  daughter,  Anna  Mary,  in  her.  sixteenth 
year. 

He  is  an  active  elder  in  the  Presbyterian  Church,  holding  the  place 
for  useful  service  and  not  for  the  sake  of  prominence  among  his  peo 
ple.  He  takes  a  special  interest  in  all  establishments  and  enterprises 
that  have  for  their  object  the  welfare  of  society.  For  twenty-four 
years  a  member  of  the  local  Board  of  Education  and  since  1878  con 
tinuously  its  president,  he  has  been  largely  instrumental  in  providing 
for  Cynthiana  and  the  country  contiguous  excellent  educational  facili 
ties,  and  steadily  maintaining  them. 

His  character  as  a  soldier  and  a  man  has  been  sufficiently  indicated 
with  the  one  exception,  that  no  sketch  of  Col.  McDowell  would  be  com 
plete  without  a  reference  to  that  strong  and  distinct  individuality  which 
made  him  during  the  war,  and  has  made  him  since,  about  the  most 
talked-of  man  in  the  Orphan  Brigade.  Men  of  all  the  regiments  and 


LIEUT.-COL.  WM.  L.  CLARKE. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN    KRIGADE.  443 

of  all  localities,  from  the  Mississippi  to  the  Big  Sandy,  know  him ;  and 
he  has  become  the  hero  of  more  stories  than  have  ever  been  told  on 
Wellington — humorous,  serious  and  dramatic.  In  a  good  many  of 
them,  no  doubt,  he  would  fail  to  recognize  the  faintest  trace  of  him 
self;  but  he  has  to  suffer  the  fate  of  all  men  who  are  so  out  of  the  ordi 
nary  as  he  is  in  ways  that  both  excite  admiration  and  appeal  to  that 
sense  of  humor  which  responds  readily  when  originality  unconsciously 
manifests  itself  in  a  ludicrous  way.  He  was  no  more  like  a  buffoon 
than  an  elephant  is  like  a  monkey  ;  but  his  way  of  putting  things  was 
often  better  than  any  studied  art  in  provoking  laughter,  even  on  a 
battlefield,  and  in  driving  dull  care  away  from  a  camp-fire. 

LIEUT.-COL.  WM.  L.  CLARKE. 

When  we  recur  to  the  history  of  the  old  pioneers  of  Kentucky — the 
men  who  encountered  the  hardships  of  the  wilderness  and  subdued 
the  savage,  who  united  in  their  persons  the  character  of  laborer,  war 
rior,  and  statesman — it  is  pleasing  to  know  that  the  spirit  of  the  heroic 
fathers  is  not  extinct;  that  the  intervening  years  of  quiet,  and  the  pur 
suits  incidental  to  peaceful  life,  have  not  enervated  their  posterity,  nor 
unfitted  them  for  as  glorious  deeds  as  those  for  which  we  honor  the 
men  of  that  hardy  and  adventurous  generation. 

Gen.  Ben  Logan  came  from  Virginia  to  Kentucky  in  1775,  and  set 
tled  in  Lincoln  County ;  distinguished  himself  in  every  engagement 
with  the  Indians;  was  a  member  of  the  convention  that  formed  the 
State  constitution,  in  1792;  served  in  the  legislature  a  term  of  years, 
and  died  at  an  advanced  age,  having  reaped  the  reward  of  a  virtuous 
and  useful  life — "love,  honor,  troops  of  friends."  Hon.  William 
Logan,  his  son,  twice  a  judge  of  the  Court  of  Appeals,  and,  at  one 
time,  a  member  of  the  United  States  Senate,  maintained  the  honor 
and  dignity  of  the  family  during  that  period  in  which  distinction  was 
to  be  found  chiefly  in  the  possession  and  practice  of  the  social  and 
civic  virtues. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch,  William  Logan  Clarke,  was  the  grand 
son  of  Judge  Logan,  and  in  him  neither  the  martial  fire  of  the  old 
pioneer,  nor  the  private  virtues  that  distinguished  the  judge,  failed  of 
manifestation. 

He  was  born  in  Louisville,  June  26th,  1839.  His  father,  Mr. 
Charles  J.  Clarke,  in  whose  veins,  also,  courses  the  old  Virginia  blood, 
through  life  an  honorable  and  highly-esteemed  citizen,  was  clerk  of 
the  Louisville  Chancery  Court,  from  the  year  1839  till  the  year  1856, 
when  partisan  fury,  consequent  upon  the  Know-Nothing  movement  in 
Kentucky,  deprived  him  of  a  place  in  which  he  had  spent  almost  the 


444  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

whole  of  his  business  life,  for  which  he  was  peculiarly  qualified,  and 
had  filled  with  honor  to  himself  and  advantage  to  those  dependent 
upon  his  exertions.  The  father  being  a  man  of  but  limited  fortune, 
and  having  a  large  family,  the  subject  of  our  sketch  was  thrown,  at  an 
early  age,  upon  his  own  resources;  not,  however,  without  some  edu 
cational  advantages,  which  he  obtained  in  the  schools  of  the  city,  and 
under  the  private  instructions  of  Mr.  Lewis  Marshall,  an  excellent 
but  eccentric  old  gentleman,  who  abused  his  pupils  in  the  roughest  of 
English  when  they  failed  to  see  the  beauties  of  the  Latin  classics,  or 
to  make  progress  in  the  mysteries  of  their  philology. 

At  the  age  of  seventeen,  he  entered  the  custom-house  at  Louisville, 
as  deputy  surveyor,  and  so  diligently  and  ably  did  he  acquit  himself, 
that,  in  a  short  time,  most  of  its  duties  devolved  upon  him.  He  con 
tinued  here  until  the  election  of  Mr.  Lincoln,  and  a  change  was  about 
to  be  made  in  the  office,  when  he  was  recommended  by  the  business 
men  of  the  city  for  appointment  as  Surveyor  of  Customs  for  that  port. 
He  was  informed  that  he  could  have  the  appointment  if  he  would  de 
clare  his  opposition  to  the  Southern  movement,  and  his  unqualified 
adherence  to  the  Government.  True  to  the  spirit  of  his  fathers,  he 
scorned  the  offer,  refusing  to  belie  the  instincts  of  his  nature  and 
abandon  his  people  for  the  sake  of  civil  position  and  filthy  lucre. 

At  this  time,  being  now  about  twenty-one  years  of  age,  he  was  cap 
tain  of  the  "National  Blues,"  a  company  of  citizen  soldiers,  organized 
in  Louisville  in  1860,  in  accordance  with  the  military  system  inaugu 
rated  by  the  legislature  under  Gov.  McGoffin.  This  company,  like 
most  every  other  State  Guard  organization,  was  torn  by  dissensions  in 
the  beginning  of  the  troubles;  and,  finding  it  impossible  to  carry  it 
intact  to  the  aid  of  the  South,  he  repaired,  in  August,  1861,  to  Glas 
gow,  where  he  assisted  Joseph  H.  Lewis  in  the  formation  and  conduct 
of  a  camp  of  instruction,  for  the  purpose  of  drilling  and  instructing  in 
military  duties  those  who  chose  to  resort  to  them,  and  of  thus  testing 
the  temper  of  the  young  men  of  that  region  of  country.  Finding 
them  ready  for  resistance,  he  united  his  exertions  to  those  of  Lewis, 
McKendree,  and  others,  in  recruiting  the  Sixth  Regiment,  and  labored 
assiduously  in  drilling  and  disciplining  the  men.  At  the  organization 
of  the  regiment,  November  19,  1861,  he  was  elected  first  lieutenant 
of  Co.  D,  waiving  all  claims  to  higher  position,  in  order  the 
more  effectually  to  accommodate  matters  between  Lewis  and  Cofer, 
whose  battalions  it  was  necessary  to  unite  for  the  formation  of  a  regi 
ment  with  its  full  quota  of  men.  He  served  in  this  capacity  till  Feb 
ruary  14,  1862,  when  he  was  made  adjutant,  Sixth  Regiment,  and 
served  as  such  until  the  loth  of  May,  1862,  when  he  was  elected 
major. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  445 

Meanwhile,  the  battle  of  Shiloh  had  been  fought,  where  he  proved 
himself  worthy  of  the  blood  of  the  "hero  of  Logan's  Station." 
Assiduous  in  acquiring  a  knowledge  of  tactics  and  of  military  laws  and 
customs,  his  services  were  always  in  demand,  whether  in  camp  or  field; 
as  early  as  March,  1862,  he  was  the  chief  instructor  in  the  "school  of 
officers"  for  his  regiment;  in  April  was  appointed  one  of  a  brigade 
board  for  the  examination  of  officers-elect. 

He  was  with  the  command  during  the  first  siege  and  bombardment 
of  Vicksburg,  July,  1862,  and  fought  at  Baton  Rouge,  during  a  portion 
of  which  day  he  was  in  command  of  the  regiment,  and  received  a 
slight  wound.  At  Stone  River,  though  emaciated  by  disease,  having 
been  in  ill-health  for  some  weeks,  he  left  his  sick-room  in  town  to  take 
part  in  the  furious  engagement  of  Friday  afternoon,  where  he  was  pe 
culiarly  exposed,  being  enveloped  in  a  large  overcoat,  of  a  military 
cut,  but  of  decidedly  butternut  color,  that  showed  him  like  a  mark 
among  the  mounted  officers.  He  did  his  duty,  however,  with  that 
serene  calmness  and  deliberate  judgment  that  true  courage  alone  can 
sustain,  and  escaped  with  a  slight  wound,  but  lost  his  horse.  After 
this  battle,  he  was  highly  complimented  in  orders,  by  Col.  Lewis,  for 
gallant  and  meritorious  conduct.  At  Chickamauga  he  fought  with  his 
wonted  courage  and  judgment,  and  again  received  the  compliment  of 
special,  honorable  mention  by  Col.  Gofer  and  Gen.  Gibson.  Gen. 
Breckinridge,  also,  at  various  times,  expressed  a  highly  favorable  opin 
ion  of  him  as  a  brave  officer  and  an  excellent  tactician  and  discip 
linarian. 

Shortly  after  the  latter  engagement,  he  was  promoted  to  lieutenant- 
colonel,  to  rank  from  the  3oth  of  September,  1863.  At  Dalton,  from 
December  i,  1863,  to  May  i,  1864,  he  was  in  command  of  the  regi 
ment,  Col.  Cofer  having  been  made  post  commander ;  and  here,  as 
usual,  he  labored  with  indefatigable  zeal  in  the  "  school  of  officers," 
and  in  the  drill  preparatory  to  active  operations  in  the  spring.  May 
7,  1864,  he  marched  out  with  the  brigade  to  try  the  fortunes  of  an 
other  campaign,  and  engaged  at  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  at  Resaca,  and  at 
Dallas ;  but  at  the  later  place,  May  28,  too  indifferent  to  danger,  he 
occupied  an  exposed  point  during  some  sharpshooting,  and  was  unfor 
tunately  struck  in  the  right  arm  by  a  large  Minie-ball,  which  crushed 
the  bone  just  above  the  elbow,  inflicting  a  painful  and  dangerous 
wound.  It  was  long  feared  that  he  would  have  to  submit  to  amputa 
tion,  but,  by  skillful  surgical  treatment  and  the  faithful  attention  of  a 
devoted  wife,  he  regained  the  use  of  his  arm — not,  however,  in  time 
to  participate  in  the  closing  scenes  of  the  war,  and  not  entirely  until 
two  years  after  his  return  home. 

In  person,  Col.  Clarke  was  tall  and  handsome,  with  blue  eyes,  hair 


446  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

rather  a  dark  auburn  and  inclined  to  curl,  clear-cut  features,  and  a 
fair  skin. 

On  the  ipth  of  December,  1861,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Sallie 
Helm,  a  daughter  of  Maj.  Thomas  Helm,  long  a  distinguished  citizen 
of  Glasgow. 

At  the  close  of  the  war  he  engaged  with  Lithgow  &  Co.,  and  subse 
quently  went  into  partnership  with  Col.  T.  W.  Thompson  in  the  stove 
and  tinware  business,  on  Main  street,  above  Third.  He  sold  out  to 
Col.  Thompson,  and  in  1882  moved  to  Nashville  and  became  secre 
tary  and  traveling  agent  for  the  Phillips-Buttorff  Manufacturing  Com 
pany,  dealers  in  hardware. 

At  this  time  began  the  era  of  his  greatest  conquests  in  civil  life.  In 
recognition  of  his  ability  as  a  salesman  he  was  given,  as  a  territory,  the 
country  at  large,  being  free  to  use  his  own  judgment  as  to  his  going 
and  coming.  In  a  year  or  two  his  sales  had  grown  until  he  disposed 
of  about  25  per  cent,  of  the  entire  output,  and  he  was  conceded  to  be 
at  the  head  of  his  vocation.  Into  St.  Louis,  and  even  Chicago,  were 
Southern  manufactures  introduced  as  the  result  of  his  efforts. 

In  January,  1883,  the  directory  of  this  company,  in  recognition  of 
his  success,  elected  him  secretary  of  the  company,  with  the  duties 
also  of  treasurer,  his  predecessor  voluntarily  resigning  from  the  posi 
tion  in  order  that  this  compliment  might  be  bestowed. 

It  was  soon  demonstrated,  however,  that  he  could  not  be  spared  off 
the  road,  and,  regardless  of  his  own  inclinations,  he  decided  to  lay  aside 
the  honor  bestowed  upon  him  in  order  that  he  might  open  up  still  greater 
fields  for  this  growing  establishment.  The  announcement  of  this  in 
tention  brought  out  considerable  opposition,  but  his  arguments  were 
convincing  and  his  resignation  accepted,  in  August,  1885. 

An  heirloom  treasured  by  his  family  is  a  handsome  gold  watch  with 
chain  presented  at  this  time  to  the  retiring  official  by  an  appreciative 
directory.  On  it  is  inscribed:  "To  Col.  W.  L.  Clarke,  from  Phillips 
&  Buttorff  Manufacturing  Company,  in  recognition  of  efficient  services 
as  Secretary  and  Treasurer." 

In  1891,  he  was  again  elected  without  solicitation  to  this  post  of 
honor  as  the  one  man,  possessing  the  ability,  who  could  harmonize 
all  interests  in  this  now  widely  extended  organization,  and  he  continued 
to  hold  it  until  his  death,  which  occurred  January  19,  1895. 

Without  any  ostentation,  he  had  made  his  presence  felt  among  his 
new  fellow-citizens,  and  in  all  walks  of  life  he  was  honored  for  his  abil 
ities  and  nobility  of  character. 

In  his  church,  (the  Woodland  Presbyterian),  the  position  of  elder 
was  proffered,  but  fearful,  in  his  modesty,  lest  he  prove  a  stumbling- 
block,  the  honor  was  declined.  In  Frank  Cheatham  Bivouac,  U.  C.  V., 


LIEUT.-COL.  JOHN  C.  WICKLIFFE. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  447 

he  had  held  every  office  at  their  disposal,  save  that  of  president,  and 
the  nomination  for  this  office  had  been  officially  tendered  him,  and  was 
declined  because  he  felt  that  an  older  comrade  should  come  next  in 
line. 

His  devotion  to  all  Confederate  associations  was  marked.  Not  hav 
ing  been  a  Mason,  Odd  Fellow,  or  member  of  any  lodge  or  order,  it 
would  seem  that  all  the  love  which  men  bestow  upon  such  institutions 
was  in  his  case  concentrated  upon  the  veterans  wherever  they  were 
found;  and  hearers  knew  his  heart  prompted  the  speech  made  when 
declining  the  proffered  nomination  that  he  had  "rather  be  president 
of  Cheatham  Bivouac  than  of  the  United  States." 

Taking,  always,  a  warm  interest  in  the  welfare  of  his  adopted  home, 
he  soon  became  prominently  identified  with  the  management  of  the 
Tennessee  Centennial  movement,  having  for  its  aim  the  celebration, 
with  a  fitting  inter-state  exposition,  of  the  zooth  anniversary  of  Ten 
nessee's  statehood. 

As  one  of  a  commission  sent  to  Washington,  D.  C.,  to  enlist  gov 
ernmental  aid  in  this  enterprise,  his  services  were  recognized  as  being 
peculiarly  efficient  on  account  of  his  wide  acquaintance  with  the  pub 
lic  men  of  the  time.  This  was  his  last  work  for  Nashville,  for  on  his 
return  trip  he  contracted  pneumonia,  which  brought  on  an  attack  of 
heart  trouble  the  very  day  he  reached  home ;  and  after  an  illness  of 
five  days  he  sank  to  rest. 

He  was  possessed  of  a  personal  magnetism  that  gave  him  influence 
wherever  he  might  be. 

A  devoted  husband  and  father,  his  home  life  was  a  picture  that  at 
tracted  all  who  caught  a  glimpse  of  it,  while  in  business  circles  he 
made  a  friend  of  the  slightest  acquaintance. 

He  died  without  an  enemy  on  earth ;  and,  in  the  language  of  one, 
himself  a  Confederate  who  had  lived  in  that  city  for  thirty-five  years, 
"  he  left  more  friends  to  mourn  his  loss  than  any  other  man  that  ever 
died  in  Nashville." 

LIEUT. -COL.  JOHN  C.  WICKLIFFE. 

John  Cripps  Wickliffe  is  the  son  of  Hon.  Charles  A.  Wickliffe,  who 
long  figured  in  the  councils  of  the  State  and  of  the  nation,  as  well  as 
having  been  a  distinguished  participant  in  the  battle  of  the  Thames. 
His  mother  was  Margaret,  only  daughter  of  Christian  Cripps,  the  ad 
venturous,  handsome,  and  noble-hearted  pioneer,  who,  in  May,  1778, 
tell  in  a  conflict  with  the  Indians  near  Bullitt's  Lick,  "after  having 
displayed,"  says  a  historian  of  that  period,  "  a  courage  and  generosity 
unsurpassed  in  the  annals  of  Western  adventure." 


448  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

The  subject  of  the  present  notice  was  born  in  Nelson  County,  Ky.r 
July  n,  1830.  After  having  completed  his  course  of  study  in  the 
schools  of  Bardstown,  he  entered  upon  the  study  of  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1853.  He  began  practice  in  the  courts  of  Nelson 
and  surrounding  counties,  in  connection  with  his  father.  He  was  mar 
ried  November  2,  1853,  to  Miss  Curd,  daughter  of  R.  A.  Curd,  of 
Lexington,  and  fixed  his  residence  in  Bardstown,  continuing  in  the  un 
interrupted  practice  of  his  profession  until  1857,  when  he  entered  the 
political  arena  as  a  candidate  for  the  lower  house  of  the  legislature,  and 
was  elected  to  represent  his  county  in  that  body,  serving  one  term.  At 
the  opening  of  the  session  of  1859,  he  was  chosen  secretary  of  the 
Senate.  When  the  legislature  convened  in  September,  1861,  he  was 
again  a  candidate  before  the  Senate  for  the  secretaryship ;  but,  being 
an  avowed  Breckinridge  man,  and,  withal,  fully  committed  to  the 
policy  of  the  seceded  States,  he  was  beaten  by  the  so  called  ' '  Union 
party." 

Prior  to  the  beginning  of  hostilities  between  the  sections  he  had  or 
ganized  a  fine  body  of  the  young  men  of  Bardstown  and  vicinity  as  a 
company  of  the  State  Guard,  and  was  made  its  captain.  In  the  latter 
part  of  September,  1861,  the  company  having  lost  such  members  as  in 
clined  to  the  Federal  cause,  and  received  new  accessions  of  those  who 
were  in  sympathy  with  the  South,  he  took  leave  of  father  and  friends, 
home,  and  wife  and  children — whom  he  saw  no  more  for  almost  four 
years — and  with  it  proceeded  at  once  to  Green  River,  being  joined  on 
the  road  by  the  afterward  famous  chieftain,  John  H.  Morgan,  then  on 
his  way  with  a  few  men  from  Lexington.  Himself  and  men  were  now 
sworn  into  the  Confederate  service,  and  he  was  elected  captain  of  the 
new  organization,  Company  B,  Ninth  Kentucky  Volunteer  Infantry, 
October  2,  1861. 

He  served  in  this  capacity  until  May  15,  1862,  when,  upon  the  re 
organization  of  the  Ninth  Regiment  he  was  elected  major.  He  did 
not  participate  in  the  battle  of  Shiloh,  having  contracted  disease  at 
Bowling  Green,  which  eventuated  in  typhoid  fever,  with  which  he  was 
suffering  at  the  time  the  command  left  Burnsville,  and  was  absent  on 
sick  leave.  He  was,  however,  at  the  siege  of  Vicksburg;  and  at 
Baton  Rouge,  when  Col.  Caldwell  was  disabled  he  turned  over  the 
command  of  the  reserve  troops  to  Maj.  Wickliffe,  "  who,"  says  Cald 
well,  "fought  it  gallantly  during  the  remainder  of  the  engagement." 
After  the  arrival  of  the  army  at  Murfreesboro',  he  went  to  Mississippi 
and  Louisiana,  under  orders  from  Gen.  Breckinridge,  to  collect  the 
absentees  of  the  command,  and  on  that  account  was  not  present  at  the 
battle  of  the  2d  of  January,  1863.  While  at  Manchester,  April,  1863, 
Maj.  Wickliffe  was  placed  in  command  of  a  small  body  of  men,  chosen 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  449 

from  the  different  regiments  of  the  brigade,  and  ordered  to  McMinn- 
ville,  to  protect  the  government  stores  at  that  place,  and,  incidentally, 
the  supply  train  engaged  in  collecting  subsistence.  This  was  the  only 
regular  guard  there,  and,  on  the  i9th  of  April,  the  Federals  advanced 
in  heavy  force,  of  all  arms,  to  attack.  The  major,  assisted  by  his 
second  in  command,  Capt.  Tom  Steele,  Fourth  Kentucky,  though 
having  but  a  short  notice — a  scout  having  reported  but  a  few  minutes 
before  the  head  of  the  Federal  column  was  in  sight  of  his  picket- 
guard — hastily  made  such  a  disposition  of  his  men  as  led  the  enemy 
to  believe  that  he  would  be  resisted;  and  the  supply  train  was  ordered 
to  move  rapidly  toward  Manchester,  by  different  roads.  After  some 
skirmishing  between  the  escort  of  Gen.  Morgan  (that  officer  chancing 
to  be  in  the  place)  and  the  Federals,  the  cavalry  of  the  latter  dashed 
into  the  town  ;  but  time  had  been  gained  to  save  the  transportation 
and  a  large  amount  of  government  property.  The  enemy  attempted 
to  pursue  the  infantry,  who  were  now  slowly  falling  back  to  a  strong 
position  in  the  hills;  but  they  were  met  with  such  steady  and  deter 
mined  volleys  that  they  relinquished  the  pursuit,  and  the  little  band 
was  drawn  off  in  safety,  with  the  exception  of  eight  men  captured. 
Col.  Hunt,  then  commanding  brigade  at  Beech  Grove,  alluding  to 
this  affair  in  a  complimentary  order,  April  3oth,  remarks  that  "  Maj. 
Wickliffe,  of  the  Ninth  Regiment,  in  command  of  the  force,  had  the 
forethought,  in  the  short  space  of  time  allowed  him,  to  make  such 
disposition  of  his  small  command  as  to  bring  off  safe  almost  every 
man,  and  to  save  all  the  transportation The  brigade  has  rea 
son  to  be  proud  of  the  small  number  of  their  fellow-soldiers  who  have 
so  nobly  represented  them."  About  this  time,  Lieut. -Col.  Caldwell 
having  been  made  colonel,  rice  Hunt,  resigned,  Maj.  Wickliffe  was 
promoted  to  lieutenant-colonel,  taking  rank  from  April  22,  1863.  He 
M  as  present  with  the  regiment  during  Johnston's  campaign  in  Missis 
sippi,  June  and  July,  1863,  in  the  attempt  to  relieve  Pemberton,  and 
on  the  retreat  from  Jackson,  through  the  swamps,  to  Morton.  At 
Chickamauga  he  was  engaged  both  days,  and  Col.  Caldwell  having 
been  again  badly  wounded  on  the  morning  of  the  second  day,  the  com 
mand  devolved  upon  him.  Gen.  Lewis,  in  his  report,  speaks  of 
"  Lieut. -Col.  Wickliffe's  conduct  having  attracted  his  attention  in  the 
afternoon,  and  it  but  confirmed  the  good  report  that  he  had  had  of  it 
in  the  morning."  He  commanded  the  regiment  at  Mission  Ridge, 
and  on  the  retreat  to  Dalton.  And  during  the  dreadful  campaign  of 
'64,  he  was  generally  with  his  regiment,  engaged  in  the  various  ardu 
ous  and  dangerous  duties  of  that  momentous  period.  When  Gen. 
Lewis  left  Fort  Valley,  Ga. ,  January,  1865,  he  gave  Col.  Wickliffe 
command  of  the  dismounted  men,  and  means  of  transportation,  and 

29 


450  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

he  continued  to  conduct  their  movements  till  February  20,  when  he 
rejoined  the  mounted  force,  at  Graniteville,  and  participated  in  all  the 
subsequent  active  duties  and  engagements  of  the  cavalry  in  South 
Carolina. 

In  person,  Col.  Wickliffe  is  tall,  and  of  commanding  appearance, 
more  than  six  feet  in  height,  and  large  in  proportion,  with  that  massive 
contour  of  head  and  features  peculiar  to  his  father's  family,  and  indic 
ative  of  the  strong,  practical  intellect,  the  lion-like  boldness,  and  de 
termined  will.  Few  men  have  a  more  marked  inclination  to  be 
eminently  sociable  and  obliging;  and  among  his  friends  he  is  always 
cheerful,  often  mirthful,  fond  of  a  joke,  and  relishing  sport  like  an 
English  lord.  When  on  duty,  and  compelled  to  wear  the  buttoned-up 
coat,  and  the  reserved  air  of  the  officer,  the  look  of  constraint  that  he 
put  on  showed  too  evident  signs  that  being  "clothed  in  a  little  brief 
authority,"  had  no  power  to  sink  the  man  into  the  domineering  official; 
and  it  always  seemed  a  relief  when  he  could  undo  the  brass  buttons, 
and  explode  in  a  general  humorous,  sportive  attack  upon  all  who  came 
in  his  way,  "officers,  non-commissioned  officers,  musicians,  and  pri 
vates."  His  superior  officers,  as  well  as  the  gallant  boys  of  the  Ninth 
Regiment,  bore  willing  testimony  to  his  courage,  coolness,  and  judg 
ment  in  the  hour  of  conflict;  and  his  posterity  will  repeat  his  name,  in 
coming  days,  with  as  much,  and  as  just  pride,  as  we  now  feel  when  re 
calling  the  deeds  of  our  fathers  who  suffered  and  bled  under  the  ban 
ners  of  the  ever-to-be-revered  heroes  of  the  Revolution. 

He  returned  to  Bardstown  in  May,  1865,  and  resumed  law  practice; 
but  in  December  of  that  year  he  removed  to  Florida,  to  take  charge  of 
the  interests  of  a  brother-in-law  who  had  been  arrested  on  some  charge 
after  the  surrender  of  the  Confederate  armies,  and  was  still  a  United 
States  prisoner,  in  Fort  Pulaski.  He  remained  in  that  State  until  the 
spring  of  1869,  when  he  came  back  to  his  old  home. 

In  January,  1870,  he  was  elected  circuit  judge  for  his  district,  to  fill 
a  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of  Judge  Kavanaugh.  In  1874,  he 
was  re-elected  and  served  the  full  term;  in  May,  1885,  he  was  appointed 
by  President  Cleveland  to  be  United  States  Attorney  for  the  District  of 
Kentucky,  from  which  office  he  was  removed  by  President  Harrison 
in  August,  1889. 

In  1893,  he  was  appointed  adjutant-general  of  Kentucky,  with  the 
rank  of  brigadier-general,  by  Gov.  Brown ;  but  he  resigned  that  posi 
tion  in  1895. 

Since  that  time  he  has  practiced  his  profession  in  Louisville,  though 
still  retaining  his  residence  in  Bardstown. 


MAJ.  CHARLES  SEMPLE. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  451 


MAJ.   CHARLES  SEMPLE: 

Is  the  son  of  Alexander  and  Anne  (Gore)  Semple,  and  was  born  in 
Kilkenny,  Ireland,  March  27,  1833.  His  paternal  grandfather,  Capt. 
Alexander  Semple,  was  an  officer  in  the  British  army,  and  for  some 
time  commandant  of  Tullow  Barracks,  County  Carlow,  Ireland.  His 
maternal  grandfather  was  Capt.  Henry  Gore,  of  the  Twenty-fourth 
Light  Dragoons,  British  army.  Maj.  Semple  has  in  his  possession  a 
commission  issued  to  a  brother  of  his,  signed  by  Queen  Victoria,  ap 
pointing  him  surgeon  for  British  troops  then  stationed  on  McCarthy's 
Island,  West  Africa. 

Maj.  Semple  was  educated  at  St.  John's  College  in  his  native  city; 
left  the  shores  of  his  home-land  September  2d,  1852;  and  soon  after 
arriving  in  America  came  to  Louisville  (January  3d,  1853),  where  he 
yet  resides.  He  began  business  with  a  cousin,  A.  B.  Semple,  as  a  clerk 
in  a  hardware  establishment,  and  remained  with  the  firm  several  years. 
He  then  became  a  member  of  the  hardware  firm  of  Moss  &  Semple. 
In  the  prosecution  of  this  business  while  with  his  cousin  and  in  the  lat 
ter  connection  be  canvassed  for  the  Southern  trade,  when  much  of  his 
travel  was  on  horseback  and  in  the  old  stage  coach  instead  of  by  railroad, 
as  soon  afterward  became  common;  and  his  journeys  were  attended 
by  hardship  and  occasionally  not  without  peril. 

An  ardent  sympathizer  with  the  South,  he  was  among  the  first  to 
t-ngage  in  raising  troops  for  the  Confederate  service,  and  in  connection 
with  Owings,  Joyes,  and  Carson  recruited  Co.  K,  Second  Kentucky 
Infantry.  He  was  elected  first-lieutenant,  July  i3th,  1861 ;  and  after  the 
death  of  Capt.  Owings,  (October,  1861,)  commanded  the  company. 

He  fought  at  Donelson  with  conspicous  courage,  and  on  the  third  day 
(February  i5th,  1862),  was  severely  (believed  at  the  time  mortally) 
wounded.  (See  story  of  Lieut.  Carson  after  the  chapter  on  Donelson). 

He  was  sent  to  hospital  in  Clarksville,  Tenn.,  of  which  place  Fed 
eral  troops  soon  took  possession,  and  he  was  a  prisoner;  but  in  April 
he  escaped  and  rejoined  the  brigade  at  Corinth,  where  he  was  placed 
in  command  of  Co.  D,  Ninth  Kentucky,  there  being  but  one  of  its 
commissioned  officers  able  and  present  for  duty. 

On  the  retreat  from  Corinth,  (May,  1862),  he  commanded  the 
special  picket-guard  at  Tuscumbia  bridge,  and  engaged  the  enemy, 
with  the  loss  of  some  wounded.  His  conduct  was  favorably  noticed 
in  report ;  he  was  soon  afterward  assigned  to  duty  as  ordnance  officer 
on  the  staff  of  Gen.  Breckinridge;  and  as  such  staff  officer  he  took  part 
in  the  defense  of  Vicksburg,  (July,  1862),  and  fought  at  Baton  Rouge, 
(August  5th,  1862,)  where  he  was  again  severely  wounded,  and  had  a 


452  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

horse  killed  under  him.  Having  recovered,  he  rejoined  his  general  at 
Murfreesboro,  and  was  promoted  (December  i4th,  1862),  to  chief  of 
ordnance  for  Breckinridge's  division,  with  the  rank  of  captain  of  ar 
tillery* 

In  the  battle  of  Stone  River  his  horse  was  wounded  under  him,  and 
he  behaved  throughout  with  distinguished  gallantry.*  He  fought  also 
at  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Mission  Ridge.  At  Chickamauga  he 
was  knocked  from  his  horse  and  his  left  side  badly  contused;  but  his 
life  was  saved  by  a  little  Testament  taken  from  the  body  of  Lieut.  Car 
son,  who  was  killed  the  day  before. 

On  a  fly-leaf  of  this  was  :  "If  found  by  a  fellow  Mason,  I  enjoin 
him,  and  if  by  a  comrade  I  request  him,  to  send  this  book  to  Miss. 

"   (name   not  re'membered  at  the  time  the  circumstance   was 

made  known  to  present  writer).  Maj.  Semple  placed  this  in  his 
breast-pocket,  which  brought  it  over  his  heart.  Late  in  the  afternoon 
of  September  2oth,  1865,  Gen.  Breckinridge  sent  him  and  Maj.  Rob 
Cobb  to  reconnoiter  the  hill  in  front  of  the  line  upon  which  the  Ken- 
tuckians  and  others  of  the  division  made  the  last  charge,  and  the  one 
that  closed  the  battle  victoriously  for  the  Confederate  Army.  As  they 
rode  forward,  a  bullet  from  the  Federal  position  struck  the  book,  tore 
partially  through  it,  was  deflected  from  its 'course,  and  struck  the  hilt 
of  his  sword,  which  it  knocked  off.  The  blow  was  so  severe  as 
to  throw  him  from  his  saddle  ;  but  he  was  caught  in  the  arms  of  Maj.. 
Cobb  instead  of  pitching  headlong  to  the  ground.  His  side  was 
bruised  black,  and  he  was  nearer  to  receiving  a  mortal  hurt  than  at 
any  other  time  except  at  Donelsoh.  This  bullet-riddled  book  he 
brought  home  to  Carson's  father,  not  having  found  the  sweetheart; 
and  as  a  memento  and  for  the  sake  of  his  dead  fellow-officer,  to  whom 
he  had  been  warmly  attached,  he  offered  the  father  $50  for  it,  but  he 
declined  the  offer. 

When  Gen.  Breckinridge  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  De 
partment  of  Southwestern  Virginia  (February,  1864),  Maj.  Semple 
was  retained  on  his  staff,  and  in  that  capacity  continued  in  active  ser 
vice  till  Breckinridge  was  made  Secretary  of  War  (February,  1865), 
when  he  was  assigned  to  the  staff  of  Gen.  John  Echols,  who  suc 
ceeded  to  Breckinridge's  command.  As  ordnance  officer  he  was  not 

*After  Gen.  Hanson's  fall  it  soon  became  current  that  he  went  into  battle  Fri 
day  afternoon,  January  2d,  1863,  with  a  strong  premonition  that  he  should  be 
killed.  That  the  end  was  foreshadowed  to  him  was  evinced  by  a  remark  made 
to  Maj.  Semple.  The  latter  rode  to  him  with  an  order  from  Gen.  Breckinridge, 
placing  him  in  line,  and  on  receiving  it  Gen.  Hanson  looked  at  him  with  an  air 
of  sadness  wholly  unusual  to  him  in  action,  and  said:  "Charlie,  I  believe  this- 
will  be  my  last !  " 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  453 

required  by  the  nature  of  his  duties,  by  the  articles  of  war,  by  pre 
cedent,  or  by  special  order,  to  keep  on  the  "fiery  marge  of  battle" 
when  the  armies  came  in  conflict;  but  whenever  trouble  was  imminent 
along  the  front  he  so  scorned  to  occupy  a  bullet-proof  position  that  he 
courted  the  privilege  of  being  with  those  who  bared  their  breasts  to 
the  storm;  and  Breckinridge  and  Echols,  admiring  his  temper,  trusting 
in  his  admirable  military  judgment,  and  appreciating  his  services  as  an 
officer  on  the  field,  allowed  him  to  have  his  way.  At  New  Market, 
Cold  Harbor  (second  fight  there),  Monocacy,  Winchester,  and  else 
where,  to  the  close,  he  was  on  the  field,  active,  watchful,  promptly 
executing  all  with  which  he  was  intrusted,  and  in  such  a  manner  as 
won  admiration  of  the  noble  soldiers  under  whose  eyes  he  served, 
and  brought  forth  spontaneous  encomiums  from  them. 

At  New  Market,  where  Gen.  Breckinridge  met  Gen.  Sigel  advanc 
ing  up  the  valley  (May  15,  1864,)  and  so  signally  defeated  him,  Maj. 
Semple's  keen  and  composed  observation  in  the  heat  of  battle  and  his 
quick  comprehension  of  the  effect  to  be  apprehended  from  the  enemy's 
movements,  contributed  so  much  to  the  success  of  the  Confederates 
that  Gen.  Breckinridge  told  a  friend  afterward  that  Semple  saved  the 
day.  The  Corps  of  Cadets  of  the  Virginia  Military  Institute  had  been 
marched  from  Lexington  and  placed  under  Breckinridge's  orders,  to 
meet  emergencies.  The  story  of  those  gallant  boys  is  one  of  the  most 
thrilling  of  the  war;  and  one  of  the  most  moving  episodes  in  that  story 
is  the  one  with  which  Breckinridge  and  Semple  were  connected.  The 
general  had  told  their  commander  that  he  did  not  want  the  cadets  to 
engage  unless  it  became  absolutely  necessary ;  and  they  were  placed 
in  reserve,  though  at  times,  even  in  the  earlier  stages  of  the  battle, 
they  could  not  be  wholly  shielded  from  exposure.  Subsequently  Maj. 
Semple  discovered  that  a  German  regiment  was  working  its  way  around 
one  flank  of  the  Confederate  force,  to  take  it  in  the  rear.  The  junc 
ture  was  critical.  Semple  saw  that  the  crisis  had  come,  and  rode 
hastily  to  Gen.  Breckinridge.  Explaining  the  situation,  he  added  that 
he  believed  the  cadets  would  better  be  brought  into  the  thick  of  the 
fight.  The  general  asked  anxiously  whether  he  thought  "the  boys" 
would  stand.  "Yes,"  he  replied,  "they  are  of  the  best  Virginia 
blood,  and  they  will."  Breckinridge  then  gave  the  word,  "Charlie, 
bring  up  the  boys — and  God  forgive  me  the  order ! "  as  tears  rolled 
down  his  cheeks.*  He  promptly  executed  the  order,  and  led  them  to 

:s  Another  instance  of  the  fact  that  Breckinridge's  influence  with  men  was  not 
<lue  to  the  studied  arts  of  the  politician,  but  to  genuine  kindness  of  heart  and  a 
pervasive  human  sympathy,  is  given  in  the  account  of  the  military  execution  of 
one  of  his  soldiers — found  among  the  incidents  and  anecdotes  following  the 
chapter  on  Stone  River. 


454  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

the  point  of  attack,  assisting  in  the  alignment.  The  young  fellows 
(most  of  them  under  sixteen  years  old),  well  trained,  but  taking  now 
their  baptism  of  fire,  went  at  their  work  like  heroes  of  a  hundred 
fields.  The  Kentuckian,  long  used  to  bloody  conflict,  was  struck  with 
admiration.  He  said  afterward,  "They  fought  desperately;  even 
better,  I  think,  than  the  oldest  soldiers  we  had."  They  covered  the 
threatened  space;  checked  the  on-coming  and  dangerous  column ;  and 
presently  Sigel's  whole  force  was  irretrievably  broken.  Before  it  was, 
however,  fifty-six  of  the  little  battalion  were  down,  seven  killed  and 
forty-nine  wounded.  In  the  charge,  the  command  devolved  on  Capt. 
Henry  A.  Wise,  of  Co.  A,  who  was  complimented  in  report  for  the 
gallant  manner  in  which  he  led.  So  soldierly  were  they  that  when  a 
file  was  broken  or  knocked  out,  the  line  would  shift  right  and  left, 
seeking  touch  of  elbow,  even  while  rapidly  loading  and  firing,  or 
charging  forward. 

In  April,  1865,  Semple  was  made  chief  of  ordnance  for  the  Depart 
ment  of  East  Tennessee  and  West  Virginia,  with  the  rank  of  major. 
When  the  end  came,  he  surrendered  with  Gen.  Echols  and  the  men 
under  his  command,  and  was  paroled  at  Greensboro,  N.  C.,  May  ist, 
1865.  Returning  to  Louisville,  he  soon  resumed  business  as  a  hard 
ware  merchant;  subsequently  engaged  in  the  tobacco  trade,  being 
one  of  the  firm  of  Semple,  Force  &  Co.;  and  was,  at  a  later  period,  for 
twelve  years,  the  traveling  agent  for  B.  F.  Avery  &  Sons'  plow  factory. 
Recently  (September  ist,  1897),  he  purchased  the  Louisville  Girth  and 
Blanket  Mills,  of  which  he  is  now  sole  proprietor. 

His  religious  affiliations  are  with  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church, 
in  which  he  was  baptized  and  confirmed  at  an  early  age.  He  is  a  life 
long  Democrat,  of  "the  most  straightest  sect,"  and  a  life  member  of 
the  Louisville  Commandery,  Knights  Templar. 

He  was  married  January  15,  1873,  in  Old  Church,  Hanover  County, 
Va.,  to  Miss  Virginia  Sayre  Braxton,  daughter  of  Carter  and  Mary 
(Grimes)  Braxton,  of  Ingleside,  a  member  of  one  of  the  historic  fami 
lies  of  the  Old  Dominion ;  and  they  have  reared  a  family  of  four  boys 
and  two  girls,  to  whom  they  transmit  that  noblest  of  possessions,  an 
untarnished  record  in  all  the  relations  of  life. 

True  to  his  Celtic  blood,  which  has  reddened  every  battlefield  of  me 
diaeval  and  modern  times  where  men  have  struggled  for  freedom  and 
the  rights  of  man ;  which  is  especially  quick  to  glow  with  manly  indig 
nation  in  favor  of  the  weak  when  pitted  against  the  strong ;  and  de 
scended  from  martial  sires  in  both  the  maternal  and  paternal  line, 
whose  traits  he  inherits, — Maj.  Semple  has  every  instinct  and  attribute 
of  the  true  soldier.  How  well  he  illustrated  the  valor  and  constancy 
of  his  race  during  the  civil  war  is  indicated  not  alone  by  this  brief 


MAT.   RICE   E.  GRAVES. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  455 

sketch,  but  by  the  admiration  and  esteem  to  which  expression  is  given 
by  his  surviving  comrades  when  they  recount  the  events  of  those  never- 
to-be-forgotten  days. 

MAJ.   RICE  E.   GRAVES: 

Was  born  in  Rockbridge  County,  Va.,  June  23,  1838.  His  father, 
Rice  E.  Graves,  Senior,  a  native  of  Goochland  County,  Va.,  was  a 
descendant  of  one  of  the  early  pioneers  of  that  State.  In  1833,  he 
married  Mrs.  Amelia  Gregory,  the  widowed  daughter  of  Capt.  Jesse 
Richeson,  a  wealthy  and  influential  citizen  of  Amherst  County,  Va., 
and  shortly  afterward  moved  to  Rockbridge,  where  Rice,  their  third 
son,  was  born.  Remaining  here  until  1844,  Mr.  Graves  set  out  with 
his  family,  designing  to  settle  in  Missouri,  and,  having  reached  Cin 
cinnati,  took  passage  on  the  "  Star  of  the  West,"  bound  for  St.  Louis. 
About  two  miles  below  Cloverport,  Ky.,  that  vessel  was  run  into  by 
the  old  "  Hark-away,"  and  sunk.  All  the  personal  effects  of  the  Graves 
family  were  on  board,  and,  of  course,  were  all  lost ;  and  they  them 
selves  barely  escaped  drowning,  having  reached  the  shore  in  their  night 
clothes. 

Having  been  thus  stripped  of  all  he  had,  Mr.  Graves  abandoned  the 
design  of  going  to  Missouri,  and  rented  a  farm  near  Cloverport,  Ky., 
where  he  lived  three  years,  and  by  dint  of  great  energy,  industry,  and 
devotion  to  business  he  laid  the  foundation  for  future  competency. 

At  the  expiration  of  three  years,  he  removed  to  Daveiss  County,  and 
took  charge  of  the  large  farm  of  Hugh  W.  Hawes,  Esq.,  of  which  he 
had  control  for  some  years,  and  added  to  his  growing  resources.  He 
then  purchased  a  small  farm  adjoining  the  lands  of  Mr.  Hawes,  which 
he  improved  and  adorned,  and  made  the  permanent  home  of  the  fam 
ily.  Here  he  toiled  with  a  marked  energy  and  perseverance,  and 
gradually  enlarged  his  domains  till  he  was  the  owner  of  one  of  the  finest 
estates  in  the  county.  He  was  himself  diligent  in  business,  and  at 
tentive  to  all  lawful  and  honorable  means  of  improving  his  temporal 
prospects;  and  Mrs.  Graves  is  represented  as  having  been  a  help-meet 
lor  him  in  every  trial,  and  under  every  vicissitude  of  life.  "She  is," 
says  one  who  wrote  during  her  lifetime,  "a.  model  woman — possessed 
of  a  fine  and  well-cultivated  intellect,  and  blending,  withal,  the  deepest 
piety  and  the  most  tender  affection.  She  is,  indeed,  worthy  to  be  the 
mother  of  such  a  son." 

But  there  was  a  family  of  eleven  children,  and,  as  the  parents  began 
in  Kentucky  without  property,  it  was  impossible  to  bestow  upon  them 
that  liberal  education  which  they  desired  them  to  have.  During  the 
greater  part  of  the  year  they  were  engaged  in  the  duties  of  the  farm 


456  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

and  the  household,  but  attended  the  occasional  sessions  of  the  country 
school  that  was  accessible.  The  subject  of  our  sketch,  however,  was 
not  satisfied  with  that.  He  had  a  thirst  for  knowledge  from  childhood, 
and,  withal,  a  judgment  that  enabled  him  to  estimate  the  importance  of 
it  in  forming  his  mind  and  character,  and  he  sought  books,  and  eagerly 
devoured  their  contents.  It  was  the  old  story  of  the  yearning  mind 
and  the  determined  will.  When  not  engrossed  by  the  labors  of  the 
day,  he  found  pleasure  and  profit  in  his  book.  While  others  slept, 
he  bent  over  the  light  of  the  evening  lamp,  and  satisfied  the  wants 
of  an  active  and  aspiring  intellect  by  the  acquisition  of  knowledge. 

When  he  was  seventeen,  the  circumstances  of  the  family  were  greatly 
improved,  and  he  was  sent  to  the  Owensboro  Academy,  then  under 
the  supervision  of  Prof.  Henry  Hart,  an  able  teacher,  and  spent 
three  sessions  in  the  institution,  making  rapid  progress  in  his  studies. 
He  won  the  confidence  of  his  teacher  and  the  love  and  esteem  of  his 
schoolmates  by  his  untiring  application  and  his  uniformly  strict  integrity 
of  character,  as  well  as  agreeable  deportment.  After  he  left  this  school, 
he  spent  a  year  or  more  laboring  on  his  father's  farm,  still  passing  the 
leisure  hours  of  the  day,  and  his  evenings,  in  study,  or  in  conversation 
with  those  who  could  instruct  and  profit  him.  He  had  no  disposition 
to  engage  in  frivolous  amusements  or  in  idleness  or  dissipation. 

Sometime  in  1858  he  made  application  for  the  then  vacant  scholar 
ship  at  West  Point,  for  the  Second  Congressional  District  of  Kentucky, 
and  through  the  influence  of  the  Hon.  S.  O.  Peyton,  at  that  time 
their  able  representative  in  Congress,  he  obtained  the  appointment, 
and  entered  that  institution,  bearing  with  him  high  testimonials  from 
Hon.  Thos.  C.  McCreery  (afterward  United  States  Senator)  and  other 
leading  men  of  Daveiss.  It  is  scarcely  necessary  to  add  that  he  more 
than  fulfilled  the  expectations  that  had  been  formed  of  him  by  those 
who  then  spoke  of  him  in  such  flattering  terms.  He  remained  here 
two  years,  and  sometimes  for  six  months  together  never  received  a 
single  mark  of  demerit.  He  would,  doubtless,  have  completed  his 
course  and  won  the  highest  honors  of  his  class,  but  for  the  breaking 
out  of  the  war.  But  the  knowledge  that;  war  was  abroad  in  the  land 
was  sufficient  of  itself  to  fire  him  for  the  contest,  and  fill  his  mind  with 
visions  of  martial  glory  to  be  won  upon  the  very  threshold  of  his  man 
hood  ;  and  the  thought  that  his  country — his  own  Kentucky — was  to 
be  a  party  to  the  strife,  inspired  him  with  an  ardor  that  can  be  felt  by 
none  but  the  enthusiastic  lovers  of  the  profession  of  arms,  and  the 
devoted  lover  of  his  own  people  as  well.* 

*  For  the  facts  upon  which  the  preceding  remarks  are  based,  relative  to  the 
early  life  of  Maj.  Graves,  and  for  some  quotations  throughout  the  sketch,  we  are 
indebted  to  Capt.  Sam  H.  Jesse,  of  Daveiss. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  457 

He  accordingly  returned  home,  and  was  much  engaged,  during  the 
.•summer  of  1861,  at  the  camps  of  instruction  for  the  State  Guard.  He 
entered  upon  the  discharge  of  these  duties  with  an  ardor  that  bespoke 
the  spirit  of  the  soldier,  and  with  a  knowledge  of  military  affairs  that 
told  plainly  of  assiduous  and  well-directed  study.  He  was  full  of 
energy  and  fire.  He  was  alive  to  the  importance  of  judicious  train 
ing,  and  seemed  to  become  absorbed  in  the  work.  He  impressed 
others  as  only  genius  and  energy  can  impress  the  more  phlegmatic 
among  men,  and  at  once  gave  eminent  promise  of  future  greatness. 

When  recruits  began  to  gather  for  the  formation  of  the  Second  Regi 
ment,  he  was  among  them  ;  and,  at  the  organization  of  that  command, 
he  was  appointed  first  lieutenant  and  adjutant.  He  served  in  this  ca 
pacity  till  November,  1861, — how  well,  how  acceptably  to  those  who 
knew  what  depended  upon  him,  was  evinced  by  the  admiration  which 
was  felt  for  him  by  the  better  and  more  reflecting  officers  and  men. 

In  November,  as  has  heretofore  been  seen,  he  was  placed  in  com- 
mand  of  a  battery  of  field-pieces,  manned  by  some  few  recruits  who 
enlisted  specially  for  that  service,  by  Co.  B,  Fourth  Regiment,  and  by 
some  men  detailed  from  the  various  other  companies  of  the  brigade. 
He  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  captain  of  artillery,  and  in  that  ca 
pacity  fought  at  Donelson.  It  is  said  that  he  proved  himself  on  that 
field  a  superior  artillerist ;  and  it  is  even  related  that  he  attracted  the 
attention  of  Gen.  Grant,  who  inquired,  after  the  surrender,  who  had 
commanded  that  particular  battery,  remarking  that  however  he  tried 
to  conceal  or  shelter  his  men  during  the  various  maneuvers,  it  was  use 
less  ;  do  what  he  could,  that  battery  found  them. 

When  Gen.  Breckinridge  reorganized  a  division  at  Murfreesboro', 
Graves  was  named  as  his  chief  of  artillery,  with  the  rank  of  major, 
and  the  appointment  was  shortly  afterward  made  by  the  President. 
He  had  now  been  for  months  confined  in  prison ;  and  to  an  ardent, 
energetic,  ambitious  man  like  him,  imprisonment  is  a  living  death,  and 
restoration  to  liberty  is  lifting  such  weight  from  his  shoulders  as  ap 
parently  to  remove  the  obstacle  to  every  achievement.  He  worked 
with  even  increased  energy,  and  fought  with,  if  possible,  unwonted 
chivalry.  Wherever  his  division  went  there  was  he ;  whatever  it  en 
countered  he  helped  to  resist;  the  glories  that  it  won  (whether  in  vic 
tory  or  by  sustaining,  with  a  dignified  fortitude,  disaster  and  defeat),  he 
shared. 

At  Stone  River  he  was  twice  wounded  and  had  his  horse  shot  under 
him.  The  reports  of  the  battle  of  Chickamauga,  published  in  this 
volume,  and  our  own  remarks,  have  already  disclosed  the  melancholy 
fact  that  here  was  terminated  his  career — here  a  life  so  full  of  promise 
was  lost  to  the  cause,  and  his  friends  were  called  to  mourn  that  one  so 


458  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

young  in  years,  yet  so  endowed  with  all  the  manly  virtues,  so  marked 
with  those  excellencies  that  would  have  made  him  conspicuous  even 
in  the  age  of  chivalry,  should  be  cut  down  while  mounting,  with  a 
daring  eye  and  a  steady  foot,  the  rounds  of  the  ladder  to  the  zenith  of 
fame.  The  tribute  paid  him  by  Gen.  Breckinridge  was  expressive,  and 
heartfelt  as  expressive,  for  he  enjoyed  the  confidence  and  love  of  his 
general  as  few  young  officers,  ever  did.  Noticing  some  of  those  who 
had  distinguished  themselves  under  his  eye,  he  wrote,  as  will  be  seen 
in  his  report:  "One  member  of  my  staff  I  cannot  thank;  Maj.  Rice 
E.  Graves,  chief  of  artillery,  received  a  mortal  wound  on  Sunday,  the 
2bth.  Although  a  very  young  man,  he  had  won  eminence  in  arms, 
and  gave  promise  of  the  highest  distinction.  A  truer  friend,  a  purer 
patriot,  a  better  soldier,  never  lived." 

The  character  of  Maj.  Graves,  in  both  mind  and  heart,  was  such  as 
to  justify  the  highest  hopes  of  those  who  admired  and  loved  him. 
His  naturally  bold  and  comprehensive  intellect  had  not  been  prostrated 
by  the  enervating  influence  of  sin  and  the  gratification  of  evil  passions. 
His  heart  was  not  debased  by  the  indulgence  of  the  animal  appetites. 
No  phase  of  his  manhood  had  been  prostituted  to  purposes  inimical  to 
growth,  development,  and  purity.  His  mother  was  a  good  and  true 
woman,  endowed  not  only  with  natural  talent  and  mental  culture,  but 
with  "the  wisdom  that  cometh  from  on  high."  She  brought  him  up 
in  the  way  he  should  go,  and  he  did  not  depart  from  it.  She  im 
pressed  the  brave,  stern,  manly  character  with  truth  and  honor,  in 
stilled  into  him  a  love  of  virtue,  and  integrity  of  purpose;  and  so  fitted 
him  for  the  trials  of  life  that  the  siren  of  pleasure  could  not  charm  him, 
nor  the  lion  in  the  pathway  affright  him.  That  such  a  character  should 
rise  to  distinction,  seems  but  a  natural  sequence ;  that  he  would  have 
gone  on  to  higher  degrees  of  excellence  in  his  profession,  is  predicable 
upon  the  foundation  laid  in  his  boyhood,  and  sustained  by  the  results 
achieved  before  he  was  smitten  down. 

While  at  West  Point,  he  connected  himself  with  the  Presbyterian 
Church,  and  maintained  his  Christian  standing  untarnished  till  death. 
Among  the  veterans  of  the  army,  he  was  not  ashamed  to  acknowledge 
his  dependence  upon  the  Divine  Power;  and  before  any  who  chanced 
to  find  shelter  beneath  his  tent,  he  did  not  hesitate,  upon  retiring  to 
rest,  to  offer  up  the  evening  orison,  that  would  enable  him  to  feel  that 
he  had  committed  himself  to  One  who  was  able  to  protect  him  till  his 
work  was  done,  and  who  would  take  him  only  when  it  were  the  better 
time  for  him  to  die. 

A  gentleman,  who  knew  him  from  boyhood,  says  of  him:  "I  feel 
that  I  can  say,  without  exaggeration,  that,  take  him  altogether,  I  have 
never  known  his  equal.  He  was  remarkable  for  his  virtue,  honesty,. 


MAJ.  T.   B.  MOXROE. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  459 

and  integrity.  To  his  parents  he  was  always  dutiful,  loving,  and 
obedient;  to  his  brothers  and  sisters  affectionate  and  kind.  Forage 
and  superiority  he  entertained  the  greatest  reverence.  He  was  upright 
and  correct.  I  never  knew  of  his  contracting  a  bad  habit,  or  being 
guilty  of  a  dishonorable  action." 

In  the  performance  of  his  military  duties,  he  allowed  himself  no  in 
dulgence  that  endangered  the  public  service  or  set  an  example  of  care 
lessness  or  insubordination,  and  he  exacted  the  like  conduct  from  those 
under  his  control.  But  he  was  never  unreasonably  harsh,  and  still  less 
n-as  he  unjust.  When  off  duty  he  was  modest  before  those  to  whom 
deference  was  due,  and  to  all,  generous  and  genial.  It  will  be  seen  in 
the  progress  of  our  work  that  his  energy,  courage,  and  devotion  were 
like  those  of  Jackson. 

An  incident  is  said  to  have  occurred  at  Chickamauga,  after  he  was 
wounded  and  carried  from  the  scene  of  conflict,  which  shows  how  un- 
^elfish  and  generous  he  was.  A  poor  fellow  had  been  laid  near  him, 
with  a  dreadful  wound,  and  his  agony  was  such  that  he  raved.  Some 
one  proposed  that  he  should  be  moved  away  from  Maj.  Graves,  to 
irevent  disturbing  him;  but  the  dying  officer  sternly  forbade  it,  and 
•eproved  them  for  proposing  to  cause,  on  his  account,  another  pang 
1:0  the  sufferer. 

Like  the  gallant  and  true-hearted  of  every  Christian  age  and  clime, 
lie  entertained  for  his  mother  the  most  profound  respect  and  filial  love. 
•  •  I  stood  by  his  side,"  says  the  friend  heretofore  quoted,  ''as  he  took 
leave  of  the  family,  when  about  to  repair  to  the  seat  of  war.  One  by 
one  he  bade  them  adieu.  Last  of  all  he  turned  to  the  fond  mother, 
•u  ho,  with  her  overburdened  heart,  had  reserved  the  privilege  of  the 
last  embrace ;  and  while  his  bosom  heaved  with  deep  emotion  and  his 
manly  cheeks  were  wet  with  tears,  he  exclaimed,  though  scarcely  able 
to  articulate,  'Mother,  I  will  return  for  your  sake.'  '  But  he  came 
no  more;  and  that  household  was  darkened  with  the  shadow  of  a  great 
sorrow,  which  the  heritage  of  honor  he  won  for  them  can  not  dispel — 
which  nothing  can  lift  till  they  meet  him  where  the  glories  as  well  as 
the  calamities  of  earth  are  regarded  no  more. 

MAJ.  T.   B.  MONROE. 

"  Whom  the  gods  love,  die  young,"  was  a  saying  among  the  ancient 
heathen,  founded  upon  a  fact  common  in  our  own  day,  and  which  the 
observation  of  ages  has  confirmed.  The  favored  of  nature,  the  bright 
and  good,  seem  always  to  have  been  followed  by  a  kind  of  fatality. 
Among  them,  those  whom  the  hand  of  disease  does  not  drag  to  the 
tomb  in  the  bloom  of  youth,  seem  to  be  the  shining  marks  at  which 


460  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

the  arrows  oi  calamity  are  aimed;  and  they  fall  in  battle,  or  by  some 
unlooked-for  disaster,  which  appears  rather  the  minister  of  evil  spirits 
than  of  the  Wise  and  Benevolent  Father  of  all. 

Maj.  Monroe  united  in  himself  the  three  characteristics  which  even 
singly  are  said  to  make  men  great;  morally,  his  attributes  were  such  as 
make  the  dutiful  son,  and  tender,  considerate  brother ;  the  loving  and 
faithful  husband;  the  affectionate  father;  the  estimable  citizen — in 
short,  the  noble  gentleman,  whose  actions  are  squared  by  the  rule  of 
right,  and  whose  lofty  integrity  the  allurements  of  vice  can  not  assail. 
Intellectually,  his  natural  endowments  were  of  a  most  uncommon  or 
der.  And  in  action,  he  was  a  hero,  whether  upon  the  broad  field  of 
life's  battle,  or  amid  the  shock  of  arms  at  the  meeting  of  contending 
nations. 

Thomas  Bell  Monroe,  Jr.,  fourth  son  of  Judge  Thos.  B.  Monroe, 
was  born  in  Frankfort,  Ky.,  July  3,  1833.  Under  his  father's  tuition, 
for  the  most  part,  though  attending  at  intervals  the  schools  in  his  na 
tive  city,  he  made  rapid  progress  in  his  studies  from  the  first,  display 
ing  an  ability  to  grasp  not  only  a  single  science  or  set  of  principles, 
but  a  versatility  of  mind  that  readily  seized  upon  everything  in  the 
ordinary  range  of  learning,  and  made  it  his  own.  His  father,  design 
ing  that  he  should  pursue  his  own  honorable  vocation,  however,  he 
directed  his  studies  accordingly,  and  at  the  age  of  fifteen  he  had  ac 
quired  a  proficiency,  almost  unparalleled,  in  those  branches  of  learn 
ing  more  properly  correlative  to  the  profession  in  view  :  his  compre 
hensive  knowledge  of  the  constitution  and  laws  of  his  country,  of  his 
tory,  of  rhetoric,  logic  and  the  laws  of  mind,  was  the  more  remarka 
ble  in  one  of  his  age,  from  the  fact  that  in  his  case  there  appeared  to 
be  none  of  that  feverish,  unnatural  precocity,  which  we  so  often  see 
making  large  acquirements  in  early  youth,  to  sink  into  insignificance 
in  manhood,  for  the  want  of  energy,  determination,  and  that  practical 
cast  of  mind  which  enables  us  to  apply  theoretical  acquisitions  to  the 
utilitarian  purposes  of  life.  With  him,  learning  was  not  wholly  the 
end,  but  the  means ;  his  powerful  intellect  not  only  readily  acquired, 
but  assimilated  and  adapted. 

At  fifteen,  he  accompanied  the  judge  to  New  Orleans,  where  he  was 
occupied  during  the  winter  months  in  the  discharge  of  his  duties  as  a 
professor  in  the  State  University.  Attending  the  lectures  of  this  in 
stitution  for  two  terms,  young  Monroe  graduated,  being  now  but  a 
boy  of  scarcely  seventeen,  and,  returning  to  his  native  State  in  the 
spring  of  1849,  he  fixed  upon  Lexington  as  his  home,  and  determined 
to  enter  at  once  upon  the  practice  of  his  profession.  The  nature  of 
this  undertaking  will  be  readily  comprehended  by  Kentuckians  when 
they  remember  that  at  that  time,  and  subsequently,  the  Lexington  bar 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  461 

was  one  of  the  ablest  in  the  State,  and  that  none  but  a  daring  intellect 
and  a  resolute  will  could  have  hoped  to  rise  where  the  very  brightness 
of  the  lights  around  him  would  obscure  a  star  of  no  common  magni 
tude.  But  he  determined  to  succeed,  and  accordingly  announced 
aimself.  A  brother-in-law,  Mr.  Richard  Pindell,  a  gentleman  of  social 
and  literary  distinction,  was  residing  there,  and  he  became  a  member 
of  his  family,  and  received  the  advantage  of  this  gentleman's  influence 
and  exertions,  which,  as  he  observed,  did  much  to  enable  him  to  sur 
mount  the  earlier  difficulties  of  his  position. 

His  uncommon  acquirements  and  great  force  of  character  soon  made 
themselves  felt,  and  were  speedily  acknowledged.  Among  the  younger 
members  of  the  bar  he  was  a  leader,  and  the  old  Titans  themselves 
saw  that  he  was  a  kindred  spirit.  In  a  few  years  his  name  was  not 
(  onfined  to  Lexington  and  Frankfort,  but  began  to  find  its  way  over 
the  State,  as  one  of  rare  promise  and  rapidly  rising  influence.  He 
'had  scarcely  passed  his  twenty-first  year  when  he  was  elected  city  at 
torney  (the  first  Democrat  elected  to  that  position  for  a  long  period), 
and  at  a  time,  too,  when  the  influence  of  Mr.  Clay  had  not  begun  to 
\vane  in  Kentucky,  much  less  in  the  very  city  of  his  adoption.  In 
January,  1859,  he  was  elected  mayor  of  Lexington.  In  1856,  the 
stockholders  of  the  "Kentucky  Statesman,"  a  Democratic  journal  of 
Lexington,  attracted  by  the  talents  and  influence  of  Mr.  Monroe,  ten 
dered  to  him  the  editorial  chair  of  that  paper,  which  he  accepted  and 
continued  to  fill  until  the  breaking  out  of  hostilities  in  Kentucky.  The 
udgment  and  general  ability  with  which  he  filled  this  new  station,  no 
one  can  forget  who  saw  the  able  editorials  and  noticed  the  character  of 
that  paper  during  those  years.  And  when  the  presidential  contest  of 
1860  came  up,  the  bold  and  uncompromising  stand  which  he  took  for 
f.reckinridge  and  State  rights  drew  upon  him  not  only  the  attention  of 
Kentucky  and  contiguous  States,  but  the  malignant  wrath  of  both  the 
enemies  of  free  government  and  the  short-sighted  of  even  the  Douglas 
I  'emocracy. 

On  the  accession  of  Magoffin  to  the  governorship,  Mr.  Monroe  was 
made  secretary  of  State — the  youngest  man,  perhaps,  who  ever  held 
such  a  position  in  the  United  States;  and  when  Mr.  Lincoln  had  been 
elected,  and  the  Southern  movement  was  inaugurated,  his  manly, 
straightforward  nature  looked  with  abhorrence  upon  the  thought  of 
any  double-dealing  or  equivocation  on  the  part  of  his  State,  and  he 
assumed  that  it  was  the  duty  of  Kentucky  to  ally  herself  promptly  with 
the  South,  and  to  natures  like  his,  duty  and  interest  are  of  convertible 
signification.  He  exerted  his  personal  and  official  influence  to  bring 
about  a  decision  in  keeping  with  the  general  high-toned  character  of  the 
commonwealth,  and,  still  retaining  the  editorship  of  the  "  Statesman/* 


462  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

his  pen  became  a  barbed  arrow,  which  penetrated  all  the  flimsy  de 
fenses  of  the  opposition,  and  galled  them  like  the  open  play  of  a  Da- 
mascan  blade.  His  many  appeals  disturbed  even  the  half-insensate 
and  very  hungry  aspirants  for  Federal  patronage  and  power ;  and  what 
with  his  unanswerable  logic,  his  keen  inventive,  and  his  eloquent  ad 
vocacy  of  Kentucky's  maintaining  her  honor,  at  all  hazards,  he  became 
obnoxious  to  the  tricksters,  and  they  determined  to  silence  him.  It 
was  well  understood  that  they  awaited  only  a  favorable  opportunity  to 
have  him  arrested. 

Finding  that  further  opposition  of  the  press  would  be  of  no  avail, 
and  his  situation  becoming  daily  more  and  more  precarious;  knowing, 
too,  that  his  father  was  alike  an  object  upon  which  the  pent-up  malice 
of  the  government  party  was  ready  to  be  poured,  he  determined  to 
add  the  strength  of  his  arm  to  the  cause.  He  had  married,  Novem 
ber  15,  1859,  Miss  Elizabeth  C.,  daughter  of  Judge  Robert  C.  Grier, 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States,  and  a  citizen  of  Phila 
delphia.  Uncertain  who  would  succeed  in  the  permanent  occupation 
,of  Kentucky,  and  desirous  that  his  wife  and  little  son  should  be  re 
moved  from  scenes  of  excitement  likely  to  become  dangerous  from  the 
conflict  of  the  two  parties  into  which  Kentucky  was  unhappily  divided, 
it  was  agreed  that  she  should  proceed  to  Philadelphia  and  remain  with 
her  father's  family  until  the  issue  should  be  determined,  or  until  it 
should  be  considered  prudent  for  her  to  visit  him  in  the  army.  He 
accordingly  bade  them  farewell — the  beloved  wife  and  idolized  little 
boy — and  each  took  the  several  way,  she  to  her  childhood's  home,  to 
endure  the  withering  blight  of  absence  made  sickening  with  suspense ; 
lie  to  brave  the  diseases  and  sufferings  incident  to  a  change  of  habits, 
and  the  dangers  of  the  field.  Only  the  husband  and  the  father,  who 
has  thus  torn  himself  away,  with  a  bleeding  heart,  from  the  treasures 
of  his  home,  can  conceive  of  what  a  parting  was  that ! 

In  company  with  his  father  and  a  nephew,  Winder,  older  son  of  his 
brother  Victor  (and  who  afterward  served  with  Gen.  Morgan),  and 
with  a  few  neighbors  and  friends,  he  set  out,  about  the  2oth  of  Sep 
tember,  1 86 1,  for  the  South.  They  made  the  best  of  their  way,  taking 
some  precautions  to  elude  their  enemies  and  alternately  walking  and 
riding — their  horses  toward  the  last  becoming  almost  unserviceable, 
owing  to  rough  roads  and  hard  travel — they  reached  Munfordville  on 
the  25th,  thence  they  pressed  on  to  Bowling  Green  and  to  Nashville, 
.at  which  latter  place  a  part  of  the  Fourth  Kentucky  Infantry  was  now 
encamped,  having  been  sent  down  to  be  armed.  After  the  organiza 
tion  of  the  State  Guard,  he  had  been  chosen  lieutenant-colonel  of  one 
of  the  regiments,  and,  though  having  had  no  previous  military  train 
ing,  he  had  applied  himself  with  his  usual  energy  and  activity  of  mind 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  4H3 

to  the  study  of  suitable  works,  and  was  soon  almost  a  perfect  master 
of  tactics  and  military  regulations. 

Remaining  in  Nashville  a  few  days,  and  occasionally  exercising  the 
Fourth  Regiment  in  the  drill  and  manual,  by  request  of  the  officers,  he 
returned  to  Bowling  Green,  where  he  met  Gen.  Buckner,  who,  with 
the  advice  and  consent  of  the  chief  officers  of  the  Fourth  Regiment, 
telegraphed  immediately  to  Richmond,  recommending  his  appoint 
ment  as  major  of  that  command.  On  the  i5th  of  October,  Buckner 
received  notice  that  the  appointment  had  been  made;  and  on  the  2ist 
the  new  major  was  ordered  to  report  for  duty.  He  now  devoted  him 
self  to  promoting  the  discipline  and  general  morale  of  the  organization 
in  every  way  consistent  with  his  position.  The  other  field  officers,  who 
had  hitherto  been  much  engaged  otherwise,  and  had  depended  largely 
upon  Colonel  (then  senior  captain)  Nuckols,  now  suffered  much  of  their 
responsibility  to  devolve  upon  Maj.  Monroe;  and,  though  sufficiently 
strict  as  a  disciplinarian,  he  yet  had  the  tact,  great  power  of  judging 
men,  individually  and  collectively,  which  enabled  him  to  administer 
authority  without  harshness,  and  to  promote  improvement  without 
wounding  the  self-respect  of  the  volunteer,  in  consequence  of  which  he 
was  not  only  efficient,  but  grew  daily  in  favor,  and  won  upon  the  con 
fidence  of  those  brave  men.  To  few  men  was  that  expressive,  oft- 
quoted,  almost  trite  maxim  of  the  Latins,  suavitor  in  mode,  fortiter  in 
re,  more  truly  applicable  than  to  him. 

Though  making  no  attempt  at  display,  that  vulgar  expedient  of  lit 
tle  minds,  he  was  soon  looked  upon  by  those  grand  chieftains,  Albert 
Sidney  Johnston,  Buckner,  and  Breckinridge,  as  a  man  upon  whom 
they  could  rely,  under  any  circumstances,  and  his  military  career  was 
(  heered  by  a  knowledge  that  men  like  these  awarded  him  the  honor  of 
their  unpretentious,  but  nevertheless  unequivocal,  respect  and  confi 
dence.  During  that  trying  retreat  from  Bowling  Green,  when  none 
of  the  circumstances  that  depress  and  dishearten  men  were  want 
ing,  the  effect  of  his  presence  among  the  troops  was  magical.  He 
knew  how  to  encourage,  how  to  divert  the  thoughts  of  his  men  from 
gloomy  channels. 

Arriving  at  Burnsville,  the  usual  camp  and  drill  duties  were  kept  up 
for  some  days,  when,  on  the  3ist  of  March,  he  was  ordered  to  take 
charge  of  the  division  forage  train,  and  a  guard  consisting  of  three  hun 
dred  infantry  and  a  small  body  of  Forrest's  Cavalry,  and  proceed  to 
the  vicinity  of  Yellow  Creek  for  supplies.  This  he  executed  promptly 
and  successfully,  returning  to  camp  next  evening,  April  ist.  On  the 
morning  of  the  4th  (as  we  have  noticed  heretofore)  the  brigade  marched 
out  from  Burnsville,  and  on  the  night  of  the  5th  encamped  in  the 
neighborhood  of  the  enemy  and  slept  on  arms.  The  Fourth  Regiment 


464  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

was  engaged  about  nine  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  the  6th,  Maj.  Mon 
roe  commanding,  as  Col.  Trabue  was  in  charge  of  brigade,  and  Lieut. - 
Col.  Hynes  insisted  that  the  major  should  maneuver  it,  giving  him  the 
less  responsible  position  of  simply  commanding  right  wing.  It  is 
scarcely  necessary  to  record  that  he  did  not  disappoint  the  high 
expectations  of  his  friends.  Coming  suddenly  upon  the  Forty-sixth 
Ohio  Infantry,  and,  owing  to  the  nature  of  the  ground,  finding  his 
command  observed,  and  the  enemy  ready  before  he  knew  of  their 
proximity,  and  being  under  the  necessity  of  changing  front  before  he 
could  engage,  he  coolly  gave  the  command,  and  his  admirable  regi 
ment  executed  it  in  the  very  face  of  the  fire,  and  with  a  regularity  that 
would  have  done  credit  to  veterans  of  a  hundred  battles,  dressing  on  the 
colors  as  though  the  field  were  a  mere  parade  ground,  or  the  foe  were 
armed  with  the  simple  fusils  of  the  school-boy.  They  awaited  the  or 
der  to  fire,  which  was  preceded  by  the  usual  commands  of  "  ready" 
and  "aim."  By  this  means  the  men  were  kept  steady,  and  their 
aim  was  not  a  mere  mockery  of  the  word — it  was  deadly,  and  when  he 
gave  the  order  to  "fire,"  the  unfortunate  command  of  Worthington 
melted  away  as  though  the  simoom  had  swept  over  it. 

The  conduct  of  himself,  of  his  brother  officers,  of  his  men,  during 
that  day  and  the  next,  has  passed  into  history,  and  the  survivors  of 
the  glorious  dead  recall  yet  with  stricken  hearts  the  untimely  fate  of 
"  the  gallant  and  the  good."  In  the  desperate  stand  made  by  the 
still  unscathed  members  of  the  Fourth  Kentucky  and  the  Fourth  Ala 
bama  Battalion,  about  one  o'clock  on  the  afternoon  of  Monday, 
against  what  was  afterward  ascertained  to  be  a  whole  division  of 
Buell's  army,  Maj.  Monroe  fell  mortally  wounded  and  was  borne  to 
the  rear.  His  brother,  Capt.  Ben  Monroe,  who  had  been  previously 
wounded  and  forced  to  retire,  hearing  that  he  was  dying  at  the  field 
hospital,  was  assisted  to  mount  a  horse,  and  succeeded  in  finding  him. 
"  Ah  !  old  fellow,"  said  the  dying  major  in  a  tone  of  brotherly  affec 
tion  and  confidence,  which  showed  too  plainly  that  he  had  been 
anxiously  looking  and  hoped  to  see  him  once  more  before  his  eyes 
were  closed  forever,  "  I  knew  you  would  come  !  "  Capt.  Monroe  de 
scribed  him  as  "  living  two  hours  without  much  suffering,  perfectly 
sensible,  and  conversing  freely.  After  expressing  himself  perfectly 
resigned  to  his  fate  and  willing  to  die — then  sending  messages  of  love 
to  his  family — he  expired  quietly,  consciously,  and  with  more  perfect 
calmness  and  serenity  than  I  ever  witnessed  in  any  one  before." 

To  die  away  from  home  and  friends,  no  loved  one  nigh  save  a 
wounded  and  suffering  brother,  with  the  roar  of  the  contending  hosts 
still  sounding  in  his  ears,  and  the  mangled,  bloody,  ghastly  dead  and 
dying  all  around  him,  was  a  little  thing  to  one  who  had  no  fears  of  the 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  465 

fate  beyond  the  tomb ;  but  there  were  thoughts,  nevertheless, which  took 
hold  of  the  failing  heart,  and  touched  it  with  a  sorrow  too  deep  for  even 
the  penetration  of  the  stricken  watcher.  When  he  turned  his  dying  eyes 
to  the  circle  of  home,  the  images  of  the  gray-haired  father  and  mother, 
of  the  sisters  who  loved  him  as  only  the  sisters  of  such  a  man  can 
love,  rose  up  before  him — a  picture  that  he  could  contemplate  without 
anguish,  for  the  old  would  soon  join  him,  and  time  tempers  the  sor 
rows  of  the  young ;  but  all  the  fountains  of  his  tenderness  were 
broken  up  when  he  thought  upon  his  young  wife  and  the  dear  babes 
(one  of  which,  a  little  girl,  was  born  after  he  left  home),  and  his  mind 
was  weaned  away  from  approaching  dissolution  to  wander  back  over 
the  days  of  domestic  love  and  conjugal  pleasure.  Oh,  to  gaze  one 
moment  on  the  little  group !  to  feel  the  hand  of  her  upon  his  brow  ! 
to  embrace  them  once  more  and  pour  out  the  pent-up  feelings  in  com 
munion  with  them  as  he  passed  away !  Though  he  must  leave  them 
done  to  the  cold  world,  it  would  have  lent  a  joy  to  his  dying  hour, 
whose  radiance  would  have  been  to  them,  too,  a  light  in  the  dark 
scenes  of  widowhood  and  orphan  life. 

His  friends  were  fprced  to  abandon  the  body,  but  the  Federals  rec 
ognized  him,  and  buried  him  with  the  respect  due  to  a  soldier  and  a 
hero.  His  name  was  cut  upon  the  tree  beneath  which  he  was  buried, 
;>nd  after  the  war  closed  his  remains  and  those  of  Capt.  Ben  Monroe, 
Ins  brother,  were  brought  to  Kentucky.  They  now  sleep  side  by  side 
in  the  Frankfort  Cemetery,  where  their  surviving  comrades  pay  an 
nually  to  their  memory  the  tender  tribute  of  decorating  their  graves. 

The  writer  of  an  obituary  notice,  published  shortly  after  his  death, 
remarked  that,  "  Few  men  of  twenty-eight  years  have  filled,  with  such 
marked  ability,  so  many  offices  of  honor  and  public  trust;  fewer  still 
have  resigned  so  distinguished  a  position  as  he  occupied  for  the  toils 
and  dangers  of  a  soldier's  life.  .  .  .  His  was  a  brief  record,  but 
American  history  has  no  brighter  for  the  brave.  That  he  was  a  true 
man,  no  one  will  deny  who  knew  him  well.  His  was  a  positive  char 
acter — he  was  no  '  trimmer.'  On  all  questions  of  importance,  he  took 
a  position,  and  having  taken,  maintained  it  firmly.  His  mind  was 
possessed,  in  an  eminent  degree,  of  many  of  the  elements  of  great 
ness  and  usefulness.  .  .  .  As  a  friend,  he  was  warm,  genial,  and 
unreserved  to  those  whom  he  truly  esteemed.  To  the  many,  he  had 
few  professions  of  attachment;  to  all,  the  bearing  of  a  modest  gentle 
man;  to  his  family,  he  was  attached  with  a  tenderness  and  devotion 
rarely  equalled." 

Says  another :  ' '  He  was  one  of  those  men  whom  the  Almighty 
seems  to  send  upon  the  earth,  at  intervals  in  the  history  of  the  race, 
to  illustrate  the  higher  and  nobler  attributes  of  humanity.  He  was- 

30 


466  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

fearless,  honest,  just;  stern  and  decided  as  becomes  a  man,  yet  with 
all  that  delicacy  of  feeling  and  purity  of  sentiment  which  make  the 
character  of  woman  beautiful." 

His  heart-stricken  wife  remained  with  her  father's  family  until  after 
the  war  was  over ;  but  she  then  hastened — all  honor  be  to  her  for  a 
true  woman ! — to  take  up  her  residence  in  a  Southern  city,  where  she 
might  be  among  his  friends,  and  show  the  most  noble  and  becoming 
respect  to  his  memory  by  rearing  their  children  in  the  land  that  he 
loved,  where  their  characters  might  be  modeled  after  the  pattern  of 
his  own,  and  no  word  implying  disrespect  to  the  dear  name  ever  jar 
upon  their  sensitive  ears. 

May  the  mantle  of  the  father  rest  upon  the  little  son,  and,  escaping 
the  misfortunes,  may  he  live  again  the  admirable  life,  and  preserve  in 
its  purity  the  beauty  of  the  family  name ! 

MAJ.  JOHN  B.  ROGERS. 

It  is  due  to  the  memory  of  the  noble  soldier  whose  name  stands  at 
the  head  of  our  page,  that  we  should  leave  on  record  the  special  tribute 
of  a  short  biography;  though  there  were  some  who  fell,  of  the  same, 
and  even  higher  grade  in  rank,  that  we  are  unable  to  sketch  in  full 
from  the  simple  fact  that  the  data  are  inaccessible.  It  was  the  fortune 
of  the  writer  to  know  Maj.  Rogers  prior  to  the  war ;  to  be  his  tutor  for  a 
time  at  an  academy  in  his  father's  neighborhood ;  and  to  watch  his  mili 
tary  career  with  more  than  ordinary  interest  and  satisfaction.  He  is 
therefore  the  better  able  to  give  him  somewhat  special  and  extended 
notice  in  this  record  of  the  heroic  sons  of  Kentucky  who  cast  their  lots 
with  the  Confederacy. 

John  Bird  Rogers,  eldest  son  of  William  B.  and  Nancy  (Bagby) 
Rogers,  was  born  in  Barren  County,  Kentucky,  on  the  nth  day  of 
January,  1835.  His  father  was  remotely  connected  with  the  hero  of 
Kaskaskia  and  Vincennes,  the  pioneer  general,  George  Rogers  Clarke, 
while  his  mother  was  descended  from  the  Bagbys  of  Virginia,  her 
father,  Mr.  John  Bagby,  having  served,  when  a  lad  of  sixteen  years, 
with  the  Continental  troops  in  that  State  during  the  Revolution.  The 
subject  of  this  notice  was  brought  up  on  the  farm — his  father  being  one 
of  those  plain,  industrious,  persevering  laborers,  who,  starting  in  life 
without  fortune  or  extraneous  aid,  acquire  wealth,  and  the  distinction 
which  is  ever  awarded  to  the  honest  yeomanry;  and  in  his  case,  re 
markable  energy  and  perseverance  were  directed  by  more  than  ordi 
narily  excellent  sense  and  a  sound  judgment.  The  son  was  educated 
in  the  schools  of  the  county,  attending  the  winter  sessions  until  he  had 
attained  to  eighteen  or  nineteen  years  of  age,  when  he  taught  awhile, 


MAJ.  JOHN   B.  ROGERS. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  467 

and  then,  in  1856,  visited  Missouri,  with  a  view  to  engaging  in  business 
there,  and,  perhaps,  of  making  it  his  permanent  home,  as  he  had  a 
large  number  of  relatives  and  acquaintances  in  Holt  County,  of  that 
State.  He  was  very  young,  however,  and  though  having  inherited  the 
firmness  of  will,  the  indomitable,  unyielding  temper  which  character 
ized  both  the  Rogers  and  Bagby  families,  he  did  not  fix  upon  any 
thing  ;  and  his  real  force  of  character  was  never  prominently  displayed 
until  his  connection  with  the  army.  With  a  kind  of  roving,  romantic 
turn,  which  appeared  the  more  striking  from  his  other  general  charac 
teristics  of  mind,  he  manifested  no  disposition  to  engage  in  business, 
and  was  careless  of  his  means ;  recking  little  what  kind  of  skies  to 
morrow  should  bring,  if  he  could  only  enjoy  himself  to-day.  While 
engaged  in  study,  it  was  marvelous  with  what  ease  he  mastered  his  les 
sons,  from  Smiley  to  Euclid,  from  Webster  to  the  classics.  Conse 
quently,  in  learning  he  seemed  never  to  labor,  and  his  father's  discipline 
appeared  to  have  had  about  as  little  effect  on  him  as  the  general  prin 
ciples  of  economy  and  prudence  which  he  had  endeavored  to  instill 
into  his  mind.  The  ordinary  manifestations  of  his  disposition  seldom 
gave  any  indications  of  the  more  profound  character  that  lay  beneath 
the  surface.  He  possessed  an  equability  of  temper  so  rare  that  he 
seemed  almost  devoid  of  the  passion  of  anger,  and  yet,  when  fully 
aroused  he  was  like  an  untamed  tiger,  fearless,  and  perfectly  uncon 
querable;  a  cheerfulness  that  often  increased  to  hilarity,  and  gave  him 
the  appearance  of  having  never  had  a  serious  thought  in  his  life;  and 
a  blunt  candor,  which  made  him  the  open  and  sarcastic  foe  of  cant  and 
affectation,  and  had  the  effect  of  indicating  to  the  ordinary  observer 
that  he  was  a  perfect  stranger  to  sentiment,  and  as  really  devoid  of 
sensitive  feeling  as  a  man  could  be.  All  these,  however,  were  but  the 
outer  manifestations  of  the  spirit — the  counterscarp  to  the  strong  cita 
del  of  passions,  aspirations,  and  affections.  His  errant  life  in  Missouri 
during  the  two  years  he  spent  there — into  every  thing  that  promised 
sport  and  adventure ;  taking  a  lively  part  in  all  the  frolics  of  the  young; 
attending  to  business  only  when  business  was  the  sole  thing  on  hand, 
and  could  be  made  a  mere  pastime;  roaming  about  among  the  Indians 
of  Kansas  and  Nebraska;  wandering  off,  supplied  with  gun  and  tackle, 
with  the  ostensible  design  of  hunting  and  fishing,  but  forgetting  to  do 
cither  in  the  more  attractive  occupation  of  exploring  out-of-the-way 
places,  and  poking  into  unknown  nooks  and  corners  for  something 
he  had  never  seen  before — would  have  led  one  to  think  him  such 
a  wild  and  perfectly  intractable  genius  as  would  never  settle  down  to 
any  thing,  but  would  immeasurably  prefer  to  frolic  his  life  away,  and 
die,  like  "Rosin-the-bow,"  in  a  madcap  fit  of  mock  solemnity,  hoping 
that  the  man,  who  had  done  the  world  no  other  harm  than  to  enjoy 


468  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

himself,  would  meet  with  a  pleasing  enough  reception  in  that  ' '  undis 
covered  country." 

The  zest  with  which  he  enjoyed  humor,  the  love  of  mischief,  that 
was  an  inbred  source  of  real  pleasure,  no  one  can  forget  who  ever  saw 
the  merry  twinkle  of  his  eye,  or  heard  his  hilarious  laugh  when  a  true 
piece  of  fun  was  on  hand.  His  knowledge  of  human  nature  was  no 
less  striking.  He  seemed,  more  than  any  other  man  we  ever  knew,  to 
have  really  adopted,  as  a  maxim  of  his  life,  the  advisory  stanza  of  the 
wise  as  well  as  true-hearted  Burns : 

"  Conceal  yoursel'  as  weel's  you  can 

Fra  critical  dissection, 
But  keek  through  ev'ry  other  man, 
Wi'  lengthened,  sly  inspection." 

While  he  was  a  perfect  enigma  himself,  he  seemed  to  read  others 
by  intuition;  his  judgment  of  men  was  as  marvelous  as  his  keen  sense 
of  the  ridiculous  and  his  love  of  sport  delightful. 

In  the  autumn  or  winter  of  1859,  he  concluded  to  embrace  the  law 
as  a  profession,  and  accordingly  procured  the  volumes  of  Blackstone, 
and  for  awhile  assumed  the  airs  and  habits  of  a  student.  He  became 
more  settled  and  reserved,  and  read  diligently.  He  was  delighted 
with  the  great  treatise  on  the  English  Constitution,  and  in  common  law 
he  could  arrive  at  a  logical  conclusion  as  readily  as  an  old  barrister. 
But  he  had  not  long  pursued  this  course  when  another  star  arose  on 
his  vision — it  was  of  deeds  of  daring  and -military  prowess.  Trouble 
was  brewing  between  the  sections.  The  legislature  of  Kentucky  had 
passed  the  famous  militia  bill,  providing  for  the  State  Guard,  and  his 
whole  soul  seemed  to  become  at  once  engrossed.  He  read  Bonaparte 
again,  and  Roman  history.  He  bought  works  on  military  themes  and 
devoured  them.  At  one  time  his  romantic  disposition  came  near 
getting  the  better  of  him;  he  fell  upon  "  Ivanhoe,"  and  concluded  to 
introduce  into  the  county  the  tournament  of  chivalry.  Providing  him 
self  with  lance  and  ring,  he  mounted  his  favorite  young  mare,  and 
practiced  the  feat  that  whilom  won  the  honor  of  being  crowned  by 
fair  lady,  and  tilted  in  the  forest  with  imaginary  Cceur  de  Leons.  In 
a  short  time,  the  State  Guard  companies  began  to  be  formed,  and  the 
governor  promised  real  guns,  that  would  certainly  kill  a  hundred  yards, 
if  aimed  with  accuracy  and  fared  with  steady  nerve.  He  at  once  pro 
vided  himself  with  Hardee's  latest  edition,  and  in  a  week  could 
maneuver  a  battalion  of  beans,  on  a  board  representing  a  field,  with 
about  as  much  precision  as  the  renowned  Georgian  himself.  Attach 
ing  himself  to  a  company  at  Hiseville,  he  was  commissioned  one  of 
the  officers,  and  took  the  foremost  place  in  drilling,  uniforming,  and 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  469 

providing  suitable  colors,  which  happened  to  be,  just  then,  the  "  Star- 
Spangled  Banner,"  but  which  he  soon  learned  to  despise  as  the  emblem 
of  what  he  regarded  as  of  lawless  and  ruthless  power.  When  Capt. 
(afterward  colonel)  Nuckols  announced  his  determination,  July,  1861, 
to  connect  himself  with  the  volunteers  gathering  on  the  border,  and 
called  for  men  to  fill  his  ranks,  Lieut.  Rogers,  with  a  few  equally  en 
thusiastic  young  friends,  left  the  now  discordant  body  at  Hiseville  and 
united  with  the  recruits  about  to  depart  from  Glasgow. 

At  the  organization  of  Co.  A,  Fourth  Regiment,  August  i3th,  he 
was  elected  first  lieutenant;  and,  as  Capt.  Nuckols  was  much  of  his 
time  engaged  in  regimental  duty,  the  command  of  the  company  de 
volved  largely  upon  him.  At  Shiloh  he  had  charge  of  it,  and  not  only 
handled  it  well,  but  showed  an  example  of  lofty  courage.  Here  a 
disagreeable  duty  devolved  upon  him,  that  he  could  never  afterward 
escape,  when  special  dangerous  service  was  to  be  done.  Co.  A  was 
deployed  as  skirmishers  for  the  right,  and  a  platoon  of  Co.  D  for  the 
left  of  the  Fourth  Regiment.  Every  soldier  knows  that  to  be  a  skir 
mish  company,  though  a  post  of  honor,  is  an  honor  that  is  dearly  paid 
for.  To  the  new  soldier  it  is  peculiarly  trying.  To  move  forward 
promptly,  over  brushwood  and  brake,  through  forests  and  past  ravines, 
where  every  tree  may  hide  a  foe,  and  every  cut  and  every  clump  of 
bushes  a  band  of  them — where  the  first  intimation  of  their  presence 
may  be  a  deadly  fire,  the  blaze  of  the  rifle  almost  in  his  very  face — is 
not  a  duty  to  be  lightly  ventured  upon.  But  Rogers  and  his  men  ac 
quitted  themselves  too  well  to  pass  unnoticed ;  and  many  and  many  a 
time  after  that,  when  peculiar  danger  attended  "  feeling  the  woods," 
the  order  came,  "Capt.  Rogers  will  deploy  his  company  as  skirmish 
ers  and  advance  upon  the  enemy." 

Early  in  the  engagement  at  Shiloh,  his  brother,  William  L.  Rogers, 
was  shot  dead  while  firing  with  a  coolness  and  care  that  must  have 
made  every  bullet  an  effective  one ;  and  himself  shortly  afterward  fell, 
severely  wounded,  but  not  until  he  had  assisted  in  conducting  the 
opening  skirmish  skillfully,  and  twice  charged,  like  a  hero,  in  the  van 
of  the  men.  About  this  time,  the  Sixth  regiment  was  ordered  up,  to 
move  forward  with  the  Fourth,  which  had  been  twice  bloodily  en 
gaged,  and  drive  the  Federals,  if  possible,  from  the  position  in  front 
of  the  open  ground  of  the  second  encampment,  which  they  were  hold 
ing  with  such  desperation.  A  friend  of  his,  belonging  to  the  Sixth 
legiment,  passed  forward  on  the  right,  and  found  him  lying  on  his 
back,  a  little  in  advance  of  the  line — his  breast,  shoulder,  and  arm 
covered  with  blood — and  the  first  impression  was  that  he  was  mortally 
Bounded ;  but  his  look  was  one  of  cheerful  patience,  though  in  pain 
and  still  in  imminent  danger  of  being  struck  by  an  accidental  shot. 


470  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

The  friend  had  but  time  to  cast  a  pitying  yet  admiring  glance  upon  the 
fallen  form  ;  but  he  had  the  satisfaction,  about  the  last  of  May,  to  have 
a  mischievous  body,  dressed  in  a  new  captain's  uniform,  thrust  itself 
unexpectedly  into  his  quarters  near  Corinth,  and  to  learn  that  the 
wounded  arm  was  healed,  though  still  useless. 

He  now  took  charge  of  the  company  as  its  commanding  officer, 
having  been  promoted  to  the  captaincy,  to  take  rank  from  the  yth  of 
April.  He  went  with  it  to  Vicksburg,  and  participated  in  the  defense 
of  that  city ;  then  to  Baton  Rouge,  where  he  fought  with  a  judgment 
and  gallantry  that  was  now  considered  a  matter  of  course;  then  to 
Stone  River,  where,  in  the  thickest  of  the  fray,  he  had  the  heart 
rending  misfortune  to  see  another  beloved  brother,  and  extraordinary 
soldier,  George  Walter,  fall  headlong,  and  to  find,  on  hurriedly  turn 
ing  him  over,  that  he  had  received  a  ball  through  the  right  side,  which 
the  sufferer  himself  seemed  to  consider  necessarily  fatal,  as  he  begged 
to  be  left  there,  to  "  die  on  the  field  as  a  soldier  should."  Speaking 
of  this  scene  afterward,  in  answer  to  some  inquiries  of  the  writer, 
and  of  his  having  gone  to  the  hospital  in  Murfreesboro',  on  Saturday 
night,  just  before  the  troops  began  their  march  southward,  to  bid  the 
dying  boy  a  last  farewell,  the  apparently  imperturbable  and  immobile 
brother  could  not  utter  half  a  dozen  words  before  emotion  choked  his 
utterance,  and  tears,  bitter  and  blinding,  told  of  anguish  which  had 
wounded  his  heart  too  deep  for  healing.  On  the  Mississippi  campaign 
of  1863 — then  fighting  at  Chickamauga  and  Mission  Ridge;  at  Rocky 
Face,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  in  the  skirmishes  and  picket  from  New 
Hope  to  Kenesaw — he  was  always  present,  always  prompt,  doing  his 
duty  bravely  and  efficiently.  During  this  latter  campaign,  he  was  pro 
moted  to  be  major,  to  take  rank  from  the  28th  of  May,  1864.  When 
it  was  reported  at  headquarters  of  brigade,  on  the  afternoon  of  June 
2oth,  that  the  skirmish-pits  covering  the  position  had  been  assaulted  by 
a  Federal  force  and  captured,  preparations  were  speedily  made  for  re 
taking  them,  which  was  done,  with  the  exception  of  those  on  the  ex 
treme  right,  and  Maj.  Rogers  was  ordered  to  relieve  the  officer  in 
charge,  and  take  command  of  the  force.  He  did  so  at  once,  but  it 
was  now  night-fall;  and  not  having  been  made  perfectly  acquainted 
with  the  state  of  affairs,  and  the  precise  locality  and  bearing  of  the 
pits  still  held  by  the  enemy,  he  went  too  far  to  the  right  while  examin 
ing  the  line,  and  was  either  killed  or  captured.  Beyond  this  nothing 
is  certainly-  known  of  him.  A  Federal  officer,  brought  in  afterward, 
spoke  of  their  having  captured  a  Confederate  officer  that  night,  who 
came  up,  not  perceiving  them  to  be  Federal  soldiers,  and  ordered 
them  to  "  hold  their  pit  to  the  last  man"  ;  and  he  gave  a  description 
so  perfectly  answering  to  Rogers,  that  it  was  long  considered  a  matter  of 


0 

• 


k 


MAJ.  THOMAS   H.  HAYS. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  471 

course  that  he  had  merely  been  sent  North  as  a  prisoner ;  but  time  wore 
on;  Lieut. -Nuckols,  who  had  been  captured  when  the  assault  was  made, 
escaped  and  returned;  some  men  made  prisoners  with  him,  were  ex 
changed;  the  war  closed,  but  still  no  tidings  came,  either  to  the  army 
or  to  his  friends  at  home,  of  the  missing  officer.  There  is  no  sadder 
record  of  the  true  soldier  than  to  write  of  him,  "  Fate  unknown." 
The  conjectures  that  arise  concerning  him  can  bring  no  comfort  to  the 
sorrowing  heart.  The  state  of  mind  is  like  a  never-ending  suspense, 
for  we  can  not  persuade  ourselves  of  anything.  We  never  settle 
down  into  the  absolute  belief  of  death — we  know  nothing  of  the  man 
ner  of  it,  and  refuse  credence  to  that  which  affords  us  not  only  no  joy 
but  no  relief. 

It  is  necessary  to  add  only  that,  in  the  occupation  of  a  soldier,  he 
found  something  worthy  to  fix  his  mind,  engage  his  attention,  and 
thoroughly  arouse  his  manhood.  When  he  had  determined  to  enter 
the  field,  he  took  a  calm  and  comprehensive  survey  of  the  evils  and 
dangers  that  must  beset  his  path,  and,  apparently  for  the  first  time, 
seriously  considered  the  Christian  faith,  and  the  necessity  of  casting 
anchor  in  the  sure  haven  of  religious  peace,  as  a'preparation  for  meet 
ing  his  fate,  should  he  be  destined  to  fall  in  battle ;  and  he  accordingly 
connected  himself,  in  the  spring  of  1861,  with  the  Reformed  Church, 
and  partook  of  the  holy  sacraments. 

MAJ.  THOMAS  H.  HAYS. 

Thomas  Hercules  Hays,  a  son  of  Col.  William  H.  and  Nancy 
(Neill)  Hays,  was  born  at  West  Point,  Hardin  County,  Ky. ,  October 
6th,  1837.  His  paternal  grandfather  was  Hercules  Hays,  a  Ken- 
tuckian  by  birth,  who  was  a  son  of  W.  H.  Hays,  a  son  of  Wm.  H. 
Hays,  Sen.,  a  native  of  the  vicinity  of  Edinburgh,  Scotland,  and  a 
descendant  of  the  old  border  clan  known  as  "The  Hays."  His 
mother  was  the  daughter  of  Capt.  Thomas  Neill,  and  Phoebe  L. 
(LaRue)  Neill,  both  of  the  Shenandoah  Valley,  Va.  They  were  first 
cousins,  the  mother  of  each  being  a  Helm.  Thos.  Neill,  who  came 
to  Kentucky  in  1808,  was  a  captain  in  the  Revolutionary  Army.  He 
was  of  Scotch  descent.  The  grandmother  of  Maj.  Hays  on  his 
father's  side  was  Elizabeth  Lusk  ;  her  mother  was  a  Miss  McMurtry,  of 
Jessamine  County,  Ky. ,  and  her  mother  a  daughter  of  Hannah  Todd, 
of  the  prominent  pioneer  family  of  that  name. 

The  earliest  instructor  of  the  subject  of  this  notice  was  Robert 
Hewitt,  one  of  the  foremost  scholars  and  preceptors  of  the  day,  and 
later  he  was  for  one  year  under  the  tuition  of  Gen.  Fayette  Hewitt,  a 
son  of  Robert  Hewitt's,  by  whom  he  was  prepared  for  college.  In 


472  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

1853,  he  entered  St.  Joseph's  College,  Bardstown,  where  he  took  a 
classical  course  (devoting  special  attention  during  the  last  two  years  to 
Civil  Engineering  also),  and  graduated  in  1857.  He  studied  law  under 
his  uncle,  the  Hon.  James  W.  Hays,  and  under  the  late  Gov.  John  L. 
Helm,  whose  daughter,  Sarah  Hardin  Helm,  he  married  in  July,  1861. 

In  1860  he  was  elected  major  of  the  Salt  River  Battalion,  of  the 
Kentucky  State  Guard.  He  was  in  command  of  Camp  Joe  Daveiss, 
on  Muldraugh's  Hill,  when  Federal  troops  invaded  Kentucky  in  Sep 
tember,  1 86 1,  and  by  order  of  Gen.  Buckner  captured  the  trains 
at  Lebanon  Junction  and  at  Elizabethtown,  and  burned  the  L.  &  N. 
bridge  over  the  Rolling  Fork.  When  the  Sixth  Kentucky  Infantry 
was  organized  for  the  Confederate  service  he  was  made  its  major,  and 
commissioned  early  in  October,  1861.  With  this  he  fought  at  Shiloh, 
and  was  in  command  of  the  regiment  during  the  afternoon  of  the  sec 
ond  day  of  the  battle. 

When  the  regiment  was  reorganized  (May  loth,  1862),  he  was  as 
signed  to  duty  as  major  and  A.  A.  General  on  the  staff  of  Gen.  Wm. 
Preston,  in  command  of  a  brigade  composed  in  part  of  Kentucky 
regiments.  When  Gen.  Helm,  his  brother-in-law,  took  command  of 
the  Orphan  Brigade,  Maj.  Hays  was  made  its  inspector-general,  and 
served  as  such  in  the  Mississippi  campaign  of  1863,  and  on  that -which 
terminated  with  the  battle  of  Chickamauga. 

After  this  battle,  he  was  ordered  to  report  for  duty  on  the  staff  of 
Gen.  S.  Cooper,  Adjutant-General  of  the  Confederate  States  Army. 
Under  this  officer  he  made  an  inspection  and  roster  of  the  army  of 
Tennessee  at  Dalton ;  was  then  assigned  to  duty  as  A.  A.  and  T.  Gen 
eral  on  Johnston's  staff  and  served  with  him  on  the  Dalton-Atlanta 
campaign. 

When  Johnston  was  superseded  by  Hood,  Maj.  Hays  was  tem 
porarily  assigned  to  duty  as  A.  A.  General  on  the  staff  of  Gen. 
John  S.  Williams,  with  whom  he  remained  till  after  the  battle  of 
Saltville.  He  then  reported  to  Gen.  Hood,  at  Florence,  Ala., 
was  assigned  to  duty  by  Hood  as  A.  and  I.  General  on  his  staff, 
and  in  this  capacity  served  with  him  on  the  Nashville  campaign 
and  until  after  his  retreat  from  Tennessee.  During  the  three 
months  from  the  time  he  took  service  with  Williams  till  he  joined 
Hood  at  Florence  he  had  been  in  active  discharge  of  the  duties  of  his 
position  in  camp,  on  the  march,  in  the  field,  and  had  ridden  on  horse 
back  from  Marietta,  Ga.,  to  Strawberry  Plains,  Tenn.,  thence  to  Pu- 
laski,  Tenn.,  thence  to  Saltville,  W.  Va. ,  thence  to  Florence,  Ala., 
and  then  took  part  in  the  fearful  campaign  and  retreat  which  termi 
nated  only  with  Hood's  return  to  the  Carolinas.  He  went  to  Rich 
mond,  and  was  sent  from  there  for  service  in  West  Virginia,  where  he 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  47,1! 

was  when  Lee  surrendered.  From  White  Sulphur  Springs  he  traveled 
on  horseback  to  Savannah,  where  he  was  paroled,  sometime  in  May, 
and  took  ship  for  New  York,  from  which  city  he  returned  to  Ken 
tucky. 

Instead  of  law  practice  he  concluded  to  engage  in  farming,  and  he 
is  to-day  one  of  the  largest  farmers  in  the  State — having  engaged  in 
this  industry  first  in  Hardin  County,  then  in  Jefferson,  where  he  has 
lived  (near  Louisville)  since  1875,  on  one  of  the  handsomest  places  in 
Kentucky. 

In  1869  he  was  elected  to  represent  Hardin  County  in  the  lower 
house  of  the  legislature,  and  served  through  the  sessions  of  1869-70 
and  1870-71,  (regular  and  adjourned).  In  1876,  (after  having  re 
moved  to  Jefferson),  he  was  appointed  general  superintendent  of  the 
Pullman  Southern  Car  Company,  and  served  as  such  five  years,  then 
two  years  as  second  vice-president  of  the  company. 

In  1882,  he  was  the  democratic  nominee  for  congress,  in  the  Louis 
ville  district,  but  was  defeated  by  the  Hon.  Albert  S.  Willis,  then  in 
cumbent,  who  made  the  race  as  an  independent. 

He  was  one  of  the  first  of  a  party  of  gentlemen  who  built  the  Ox- 
more  blast  furnaces,  near  Birmingham,  Ala.,  and  may  justly  be  styled 
one  of  the  eight  pioneers  of  the  great  iron  industry  of  Alabama.  He 
was  one  of  the  projectors  and  builders  of  the  Louisville  Southern  Rail 
road,  and  the  projector  and  builder  of  the  Hodgenville  and  Elizabeth- 
town  Railroad.  It  will  be  noted  that  he  has  been  actively  engaged 
since  the  war  in  many  enterprises  for  building  up  and  developing  the 
State. 

In  1893  he  was  elected  State  senator  for  the  thirty-sixth  district, 
composed  of  the  county  of  Jefferson  and  the  first  and  second  wards 
of  Louisville,  and  drew  for  the  long  term ;  so  that  he  served  the  full 
term  of  over  four  years.  In  1897  he  was  reflected  senator  on  the 
straight  democratic  ticket,  having  maintained  in  1895-6  steadfast  alle 
giance  to  his  party,  while  so  many  of  his  former  political  associates 
fall  away  because  of  their  views  on  the  financial  questions  of  the  time. 
In  the  face  of  strong  opposition,  and  notwithstanding  the  fact  that  at 
the  previous  general  election  the  republicans  were  greatly  in  the  ma 
jority,  he  carried  his  district  by  about  2,000  majority. 

His  first  wife,  Sarah,  the  fourth  daughter  of  Gov.  Jno.  L.  Helm, 
went  South  and  shared  the  fortunes  of  war  with  him,  and  their  oldest 
daughter  was  born  during  the  time,  in  Canton,  Miss.  Mrs.  Hays  died 
June  2,  1868,  leaving  three  daughters.  He  afterward  remarried,  his 
second  wife  being  the  daughter  of  Judge  Edward  Broughton,  of  La- 
Grange,  Ga.,  and  to  her  has  been  born  six  daughters.  The  family 
live  on  their  beautiful  farm,  seven  miles  and  a  half  from  Louisville, 


474  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

where,  he  says,  "  the  latch-string  always  hangs  out  for  his  comrades 
and  friends." 

As  a  soldier,  a  legislator,  a  trusted  official  in  the  conduct  of  great 
business  enterprises,  as  a  private  citizen  superintending  his  agricultural 
interests,  he  has  led  a  diligent,  useful  and  honorable  life,  and  contrib 
uted  a  generous  share  towards  maintaining  in  civil  life  the  unsurpassed 
reputation  of  that  body  of  citizen  soldiery  with  whom  in  young  man 
hood  he  left  the  State,  to  do  battle  for  a  cause  which  appealed  to  his 
honor  and  his  principles. 


CAPT.   FAYETTE  HEWITT. 

[AFTERWARD  BRIGADIER-GENERAL  UNDER  STATE  COMMISSION.] 

He  was  born  in  Hardin  Co.,  Ky.,  and  reared  chiefly  in  Elizabeth- 
town,  as  the  family  removed  to  that  place  when  he  was  but  two  or 
three  years  of  age.  His  father,  who  was  long  principal  of  the  academy 
in  that  town,  was  a  man  of  eminent  scholarly  attainments,  and  devoted 
to  literary  pursuits.  He  early  instilled  into  the  son  a  fondness  of  study 
and  a  love  of  books.  The  consequence  was,  that  his  naturally  sensi 
tive  and  retiring  disposition  was  indulged  to  such  an  extent  that  he 
became  almost  a  confirmed  recluse,  even  in  the  days  of  his  boyhood — 
averse  to  company,  utterly  wanting  in  that  inclination  to  hilarity  and 
sport  that  usually  characterizes  boys.  Out-door  pleasures  he  had  none. 
Hunting,  fishing,  skating,  swimming,  horsemanship — of  these  he  abso 
lutely  knew  less  than  of  the  Olympic  games  and  the  pastimes  of  a 
Roman  holiday.  Society  not  only  had  no  charms  for  him,  but  he  was 
even  miserable  when  drawn  into  company,  and  could  enjoy  compan 
ionship  with  only  the  few  whose  tastes  were  similar,  and  who  could  ap 
peal  to  his  senses  by  something  more  than  a  mere  volubility,  whose 
burden  was  cheap  slang,  or  by  a  boisterous  manifestation  of  animal 
spirits.  His  sensibilities  were  painfully  acute,  and  are  forcibly  de 
scribed  by  a  remark  he  once  made  respecting  his  feelings  when  first 
entering  upon  active  life,  to  the  effect  that  he  was  as  sensitive  as  a 
skinned  man  among  furze  bushes. 

Though  this  retired,  sedentary  life  was  no  doubt  deleterious  to 
health,  and  prevented  that  superior  physical  development  which  he 
might  otherwise  have  enjoyed,  it  was  not  without  proportionately  favor 
able  results  at  regarded  the  unfolding  of  the  powers  of  the  mind  and 
an  uncommon  degree  of  culture.  At  the  early  age  of  sixteen,  he  had 
gone  through  the  usual  college  curriculum  of  languages,  mathematics, 
and  the  minor  incidental  studies ;  and  during  the  next  year  he  devotee! 
some  time  to  natural  sciences  and  history. 


CAPT.   FAVETTE   HEWITT. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  475 

Circumstances  now  began  to  transpire  to  wean  him  away  from  the 
solitude  of  the  private  library  and  the  quiet  companionship  of  books 
alone.  His  father  died  when  he  was  seventeen  years  old,  and  he 
awoke  to  the  realization  that  life  has  duties  and  responsibilities  for  all. 
He  was  the  oldest  of  four  sons,  and  besides  these  and  his  mother  there 
were  two  female  relatives,  all  of  whom  now  looked  to  him,  and  were, 
in  a  great  measure,  dependent  upon  him.  He  was  offered  a  position 
as  principal  of  the  academy  of  which  his  father  had  had  charge,  and 
he  accepted  it.  Though  he  had  never  been  put  to  business  of  any  kind, 
he  deemed  it  his  duty  not  only  to  provide  for  the  material  wants  of  the 
family,  but  to  complete  the  education  of  his  brothers,  and  assist  in  the 
formation  of  their  moral  characters  as  well.  In  pursuance  of  this  noble 
purpose  he  took  charge  of  the  school,  and  for  eight  years  discharged 
the  important  trust.  Among  others  who  grew  up  and  completed  their 
scholastic  course  under  his  tuition  were  his  brothers,  and  thus  the  first 
great  obligation  of  his  life  was  fully  met. 

His  health  now  began  seriously  to  suffer,  in  consequence  of  such 
assiduous  application,  and  he  gave  up  the  school  and  went  to  Louisiana, 
with  the  hope  of  improving  his  physical  condition.  He  remained  in 
that  State  two  years,  when  he  was  appointed  by  Postmaster-General 
Joe  Holt  to  a  position  in  his  department.  He  repaired  to  Washington, 
and  continued  there  till  March,  1861,  when,  fearing  that  Kentucky 
would  not  take  such  action  as  he  desired,  or,  if  she  did,  that  it  would 
be  too  late  for  practical  purposes,  looking  either  to  her  own  defense  or 
to  the  assistance  of  the  South,  he  resigned  his  position  and  went  to 
Virginia  to  engage  in  the  war.  The  Postmaster-General  of  the  Con 
federate  States  learned  of  his  whereabouts,  and  immediately  tele 
graphed  to  him,  desiring  his  assistance  in  getting  the  new  department 
in  working  order.  He  accordingly  repaired  to  Montgomery,  received 
an  appointment,  and  went  earnestly  to  work.  When  the  department 
had  been  put  in  successful  operation,  he  resigned  his  place;  and,  hav 
ing  entered  the  army  about  the  ist  of  December,  1861,  was  appointed 
Assistant  Adjutant-General,  P.  A.,  C.  S.,  with  the  rank  of  captain, 
and  ordered,  January,  1862,  to  the  Trans-Mississippi,  for  duty  with 
Gen.  Albert  Pike,  commanding  department  of  Indian  Territory.  He 
remained  in  that  department,  first  with  Gen.  Pike,  then  with  Generals 
Hindman,  Holmes,  and  Walker,  till  February,  1863,  at  which  time  he 
was  ordered  to  report  to  Gen.  Breckinridge.  After  serving  a  short 
time  on  the  staff  of  the  latter  officer,  he  was  ordered  to  the  Kentucky 
Brigade,  for  temporary  duty  with  Gen.  Helm — the  assistant  adjutant- 
general  who  had  previously  served  with  him  being  then  absent.  He 
\vent  with  the  command  to  Mississippi  and  fought  at  Jackson,  thence 
back  to  Tennessee,  and  fought  at  Chickamauga,  and,  in  fact,  in  every 


476  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

one  of  its  subsequent  engagements,  as  he  was  never  absent  except  a 
short  time,  on  two  occasions,  when  he  was  sick,  and  no  fighting  was 
going  on. 

It  is  unnecessary  to  dwell  at  length  upon  each  particular  action ;  and 
it  is  scarcely  required  to  say  that  his  entire  service  was  above  the  slight 
est  cavil  of  the  meanest  mind;  but  it  is  pertinent  to  refer  here  to  a  re 
mark  made  by  an  officer  of  the  Fifth  Kentucky  relative  to  his  conduct 
on  the  22d  of  July,  1864,  at  a  critical  juncture,  noticed  in  the  account 
of  that  battle.  "The  nature  of  the  ground,"  said  the  gentleman, 
"and  the  furious  reception  with  which  we  were  met  as  soon  as  the 
Federals  caught  sight  of  us,  and  the  withering  fire  under  which  we 
tried  to  press  forward,  had  the  effect  of  throwing  the  brigade  too  much 
in  a  mass  towards  the  left,  and  the  situation  was  dangerous  in  the  ex 
treme.  We  were  being  destroyed,  while  in  poor  shape  for  returning 
effective  fire.  Hewitt  came  straight  from  the  right,  fearfully  exposed, 
and  not  only  was  his  arrival  opportune,  but  his  cool  judgment  grasped 
the  situation  in  a  moment.  He  saw  the  remedy,  and  we  were  extri 
cated.  It  was  a  display  of  qualities  of  which  real  generals  are  made.r 

During  the  campaign  from  Dalton  to  Jonesboro',  he  suffered  con 
stantly  from  ill  health,  and  was  so  afflicted  at  one  time  as  to  be  unable 
to  mount  his  horse  without  assistance;  but  he  refused  to  take  the  benefit 
of  a  sick  leave,  and  the  indomitable  will  triumphed  over  the  ills  of  the 
flesh,  so  that  he  was  enabled  to  continue  on  duty,  and  measurably  to 
regain  his  health  in  the  midst  of  the  most  arduous  service.  This  was 
an  exhibition  of  fortitude  and  determination  seldom  witnessed,  even 
among  those  men  with  whom  heroic  devotion  was  the  rule,  and  no: 
the  exception. 

His  courage  was  of  that  superior  kind  which  enables  a  man  to  be 
perfectly  collected,  cool,  constant,  and  not  to  be  thrown  off  his  guard 
and  unsteadied  by  the  most  imminent  and  surprising  danger,  or  by  the 
greatest  calamity  that  can  characterize  a  conflict  of  arms.  An  incident 
that  shows  with  what  perfect  self-control  he  could  act,  even  amid  appall 
ing  dangers,  is  well  worthy  of  note : 

Going  into  the  battle  of  Intrenchment  Creek,  he  observed  a  soldier 
throw  away  his  blanket,  because,  as  he  said,  it  was  so  in  his  way  that  hi,' 
didn't  want  to  fight  with  it  on.  The  captain  remonstrated  with  him,  and 
remarked  that  he  would  need  the  blanket  if  he  should  chance  to  be 
wounded.  He  then  took  it  himself  and  tied  it  behind  his  saddle,  to 
keep  for  the  soldier  in  case  he  should  have  use  for  it,  and  went  into  the 
battle.  Amid  the  storm  of  missiles  that  met  them,  Hewitt's  horse  was 
almost  literally  torn  to  pieces  with  a  shell,  but  himself  was  unhurt;  and, 
after  getting  upon  his  feet,  stooped  down,  untied  the  blanket,  threw  it 
over  his  shoulder,  and  went  on  with  the  general  for  orders,  which  he 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  477 

transmitted  on  foot  till  another  horse  was  procured  for  him  on  the  field. 
After  the  battle,  and  when  he  had  gone  back  10  the  field  hospital,  about 
the  first  man  he  found  among  the  wounded  was  the  owner  of  the 
blanket,  who,  upon  receiving  it  from  the  captain's  hands,  expressed 
the  greatest  astonishment  that  he  should  have  kept  it  under  such  cir 
cumstances.  He  remarked  that  he  saw  the  horse  shot,  and  swore  that 
he  wouldn't  have  thought  of  blankets  then,  nor  anything  else  but  get 
ting  away. 

Besides  the  horse  just  referred  to,  he  had  two  others  killed  under 
him  during  the  war,  but  was  never  wounded  himself,  though  balls  re 
peatedly  passed  through  his  clothing  and  hat,  and  one  through  his 
hair. 

There  was,  perhaps,  no  man  in  the  Confederate  army  more  popular 
among  those  with  whom  he  served,  and  who,  had  he  been  disposed  to 
avail  himself  of  it,  could  have  been  more  rapidly  promoted.  A  major- 
general  in  the  Army  of  Tennessee  expressed  a  desire,  early  in  1864, 
to  have  him  promoted  to  colonel  and  assigned  to  duty  with  him  as 
chief  of  staff,  (an  act  of  Congress  entitling  him  to  a  chief  of  that  rank,) 
but  he  declined  to  have  his  name  mentioned  to  the  government  in  that 
t  onnection,  because,  as  he  had  said  on  a  previous  occasion,  he  would 
rather  be  a  captain  among  his  fellow-Kentuckians  of  the  Orphan  Bri 
gade  than  general  of  any  other  brigade  in  the  army. 

During  the  winter  of  1863-4,  it  was  thought  that  the  troops  would 
be  permitted  to  reorganize,  under  the  second  conscript  act,  and, 
though  every  Kentucky  regiment  was  then  commanded  by  an  able, 
gallant,  and  popular  officer,  a  strong  determination  existed  in  three  of 
them,  and  in  some  considerable  measure  found  expression,  to  elect 
him  colonel  of  whichever  one  he  could  be  induced  to  appear  before  as 
a  candidate.  Early  in  1865,  a  petition  was  gotten  up,  without  his 
knowledge,  asking  that  he  should  be  promoted,  but  still  retained  on 
duty  in  that  brigade,  and  it  was  signed  by  every  member  then  present 
in  camp.  We  have  already  observed  that  about  this  time  an  appoint 
ment  was  forwarded  to  department  headquarters,  assigning  him  to 
duty  with  Cleburne's  old  division,  in  case  he  should  accept  of  it. 

Shortly  after  his  return  home,  May  18,  1865,  he  was  offered  the  po 
sition  of  principal  of  the  Elizabethtown  Female  Academy,  of  which 
he  took  charge  in  September,  and  was  five  months  thus  engaged. 
When  the  expatriation  laws  were  repealed,  he  began  the  practice  of 
la w  in  the  courts  of  Hardin  ;  but  in  October,  1867,  shortly  after  the 
accession  of  Gov.  Stevenson  to  the  gubernatorial  chair,  he  was  ap 
pointed  quartermaster-general  with  the  rank  of  brigadier,  and  set  him 
self  earnestly  to  work  arranging  the  claims  of  the  commonwealth 
against  the  United  States. 


478  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

His  labors  in  that  position  were  extraordinarily  great  and  showed 
business  ability  of  a  very  high  character. 

The  State  had  incurred  an  expenditure  of  nearly  $4,000,000,  arming 
and  equipping  her  troops  for  service  in  the  field.  The  Act  of  Con 
gress  calling  out  the  troops  urged  the  States  to  hurry  them  forward, 
promising  to  refund  all  expenditures  thereby  incurred.  Yet  when  the 
war  was  over  and  these  accounts  were  presented,  the  war  and  treasury 
departments  required  them  to  meet  all  the  technical  formalities  ob 
served  in  such  expenditures  in  time  of  peace.  Indeed,  a  set  of  rules 
was  adopted  in  the  treasury  department  for  the  settlement  of  these 
•claims,  which  was  regarded  in  the  department  as  being  superior  to  the 
laws  which  pledged  the  nation  to  refund  these  expenditures,  and,  in 
effect,  shut  out  a  large  proportion  of  them. 

An  agent,  at  a  salary  of  $4,000,  with  an  office,  clerks,  etc.,  had 
"been  maintained  at  Washington  for  several  years  to  facilitate  the  settle 
ment  of  these  claims,  but  so  little  progress  was  made  with  it  that  the 
legislature,  in  1868,  in  a  fit  of  vexation,  repealed  the  acts  providing 
for  any  agency,  whatever,  for  the  furtherance  of  this  work. 

The  Commissioners  of  the  Sinking  Fund,  who  had  been  looking  into 
the  matter,  asked  Hewitt  to  assume  charge  of  the  accounts  and  urge 
payment  by  the  General  Government.  He  found  it  necessary  to  re 
arrange  the  vouchers,  making  much  of  the  arrangement  anew.  He 
gathered  evidence  from  all  quarters  of  the  country,  obtained  the  affi 
davits  and  statements  of  every  officer  of  any  prominence  in  the  west 
ern  army,  from  Gen.  Sherman  down  to  quartermasters  and  commis 
saries  generally.  He  succeeded  in  collecting  almost  the  entire  claim, 
there  being  a  comparatively  small  balance  still  unadjusted  when  he  re 
signed  his  office — the  difficulty  not  arising  from  the  provisions  of  the 
law,  but  from  the  enforcement  of  the  arbitrary  and  unreasonable  rules 
of  the  treasury  department. 

He  served  as  quartermaster-general  under  Gov.  Stevenson,  Gov. 
Leslie  and  Gov.  McCreary,  resigning  in  April,  1876,  when  he  re 
turned  to  Elizabethtown  to  resume  his  profession. 

By  the  death  of  a  brother  who  lived  in  Louisville,  he  was  com 
pelled  to  go  to  that  city  in  1877,  where  he  spent  some  time  in  settling 
up  his  brother's  unfinished  business. 

In  1879  he  was  elected  Auditor  of  State,  entering  upon  the  duties 
January  5th,  1880.  He  was  reflected  in  1884  and  again  in  1888. 
each  of  the  last  two  times  virtually  without  opposition  in  his  own  party. 
He  was  noted  for  the  constant  and  laborious  attention  he  gave  to  his 
duties.  He  reorganized  the  office,  and  most  of  the  tax  laws  now  in 
force  were  written  by  him  and  made  into  laws  under  his  advice  and 
urgency.  He  did  not  serve  out  his  last  term  as  Auditor,  but  resigned 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  479 

November  loth,  1889,  to  accept  the  position  of  President  of  the  State 
National  Bank  of  Frankfort,  which  position  he  now  holds,  and  which 
institution  has  had  almost  phenomenal  success,  although  most  of  the 
time  of  its  existence  has  been  one  of  financial  distress  throughout  the 
country. 

His  general  character,  both  private  and  public,  may  be  gathered,  by 
inference,  from  the  preceding  notice  of  his  career.  The  war,  he  re 
marked  on  a  certain  occasion,  was  in  one  sense,  at  least,  a  blessing  to 
him,  since  it  forced  him  into  contact  with  men,  broke  up  his  old  habits 
of  seclusion,  and  gave  him  broader  views  of  humanity  and  a  more 
healthful  tone  of  mind.  His  public  life  has  furnished  abundant  evi 
dence  of  the  fact  that  though  his  early  days'  were  spent  in  almost  per 
fect  seclusion,  with  but  books  for  his  companions,  which  are  usually 
considered  as  only  auxiliaries  to  a  true  knowledge  of  men  and  things, 
he  has  a  mind  of  a  thorough  practical  cast,  and  a  ready  adaptation  to 
any  thing  to  which  he  chooses  to  turn  his  attention.  Contemplating 
him  in  the  character  of  the  student,  the  scholar,  the  man  of  elegant 
tastes,  pure  affections,  acute  sensibility,  beautiful  appreciation  of  all 
that  charms  the  soul  which  is  yet  uncontaminated  by  degrading  vices 
or  groveling  instincts,  on  the  one  hand,  and  on  the  other  as  the  man  of 
business,  the  government  official,  and  the  soldier  who  passed  un 
scathed  in  body,  in  reputation,  in  moral  purity,  through  all  the  dan 
gers  and  temptations  that  attend  upon  the  followers  of  Mars,  we  invol 
untarily  think  of  the  blind  bard  of  England,  lofty  always,  whether  the 
student,  the  teacher,  the  politician,  the  secretary  of  the  common 
wealth,  or  the  poet  reveling  in  the  beauties  and  sublimities  of  his  im 
agination. 

Though  now  long  accustomed  to  society,  of  which  he  is  an  ornament, 
and  as  general  a  favorite  as  he  was  among  his  comrades  in  the  army,  he 
has  not  yet  lost  the  tinge  of  early  diffidence  and  seclusion,  and  it  still 
requires  a  strong  sense  of  propriety  and  of  obligations  to  society,  to 
keep  him  from  retirement — from  solitude  and  books.  His  chief  ambi 
tion  is  to  fill  whatever  position  he  may  chance  to  occupy  in  a  worthy 
manner,  discharging  its  duties  in  a  humble,  quiet,  unostentatious 
way. 

We  cannot  better  conclude  this  sketch  than  with  a  letter  from  Gen. 
Albert  Pike,  in  reply  to  some  inquiries  as  to  his  services  and  standing 
in  the  Army  of  the  Trans-Mississippi. 

MEMPHIS,  TENNESSEE,  iyth  July,  1868. 

DEAR  SIR  :  Capt.  Hewitt  was  appointed  at  my  special  request 
second  assistant  adjutant-general  for  Department  of  Indian  Terri 
tory,  and  assigned  to  duty  with  me.  He  served  with  me  until  some 


480  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

time  in  June,  1862,  and  during  that  time  I  not  only  neverjiad  occa 
sion  to  censure  him,  but  he  daily  deserved  praise,  and  won  the  love 
and  admiration  of  all  who  knew  him.  He  became  as  dear  to  me  as  my 
own  sons.  Brave,  courteous,  amiable,  unassuming,  obliging,  and  kind 
to  every  one,  firm  in  the  performance  of  duty — a  nobler  gentleman  or 
or  better  soldier  never  lived.  If  he  has  a  vice,  a  fault,  or  a  failing,  I 
never  discovered  it;  and  there  is  no  knightly  virtue  or  excellence  with 
which  his  character  is  not  adorned.  A  more  gallant  soldier  there 
never  was — gallant  with  the  cool,  reflective  courage  of  a  gentleman  and 
man  of  honor. 

He  needs  no  encomium  from  me.  But  I  am  glad  to  say  this  that  I 
have  said,  because  I  want  him  to  know  how  I  love  and  honor  him.  My 
indorsement  in  Kentucky  he  cannot  need. 

Respectfully  yours, 

ALBERT  PIKE, 
Late  Brigadier-General,  C.  S.  A. 


CAPT.    SAM  H.  BUCHANAN. 

We  have  here  an  instance  of  a  young  soldier,  without  a  military  ed 
ucation,  or  any  of  the  circumstances  that  give  prestige  without  war 
rant  of  conduct,  rising,  by  energy,  devoted  attention  to  duty,  and  gal 
lant  behavior  in  the  day  of  action,  to  distinction  in  the  Army  of  the 
Confederate  States.  There  are  men  who  seem  to  be  the  peculiar 
favorites  of  fortune,  who  enjoy  advantages  that  lead  us  to  prejudge 
favorably,  and  to  award  position  without  proof  of  merit.  In  char 
acters  of  this  description  we  are  apt  to  be  disappointed  afterward, 
since  there  is  generally  a  lack  of  those  solid  virtues,  born  of  trial  and 
opposition,  which  sustain  men  under  an  increasing  weight  of  cares  and 
in  the  hours  of  peril  and  disaster.  But  when  we  find  a  young  man, 
without  favoring  circumstances  or  adventitious  aid,  addressing  himself, 
like  Theseus,  to  turning  the  stone  of  trial,  and  grasping  the  sword  of 
proof  that  it  covers,  we  rely  with  more  confidence  upon  his  powers  of 
achievement,  and  are  seldom  disappointed  in  his  ability  to  surmount 
obstacles,  sustain  himself  under  adverse  circumstances,  and  attain  to 
honorable  distinction  in  whatever  path  of  life  he  may  choose. 

Samuel  Horine  Buchanan  was  born  in  Floydsburg,  Oldham  County, 
Ky.,  December  23,  1838,  and  had  the  advantage  of  his  native  schools 
until  the  age  of  fourteen,  when  he  was  placed  in  a  mercantile  estab 
lishment  in  Louisville,  where  he  acquired  a  knowledge  of  business, 
and,  above  all,  formed  those  habits  of  attention  to  duty,  and  prompt 
ness  in  performing  whatever  was  enjoined  upon  him,  which  were  of 


CAI'T.  SAM    H.  BUCHANAN. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  P.RIGADE.  481 

such  eminent  service  in  the  administrative  department  of  his  military 
career. 

In  early  boyhood,  the  corn-stalk  parade,  the  flam-flam  of  the  mili 
tia  drum,  and  the  screaming  of  the  fife  had  a  charm  for  him,  which 
with  a  certain  adventurous  disposition,  and  a  fondness  for  stories  of 
war  and  prowess,  evinced  a  martial  turn  of  mind  ;  and  he,  being 
naturally  ambitious,  gave  early  indications  of  that  spirit  which  led  him 
subsequently  to  resist,  with  the  most  uncompromising,  unfaltering  con 
stancy,  the  effort  to  subdue  the  Southern  people.  His  reputation,  in 
the  schools  of  his  native  county,  for  being  one  whose  enmity  it  was  not 
pleasant  to  excite,  and  whose  opposition  might  be  counted  on  when 
anything  offensive  presented  itself,  is,  no  doubt,  still  remembered  by 
the  pedagogues  and  pupils  of  that  day. 

Shortly  after  taking  up  his  residence  in  Louisville,  he  joined  the 
National  Blues,  a  company  of  citizen  soldiers  frequently  mentioned 
in  the  course  of  this  work.  At  nineteen  years  of  age  he  was  elected 
second  lieutenant,  which  position  he  continued  to  fill  until  the  organi 
zation  was  broken  up  on  account  of  political  troubles.  In  August, 
1 86 1,  he  repaired  to  Glasgow,  in  company  with  William  L.  Clarke, 
and  engaged  with  Lewis  in  the  camp  of  instruction  there.  Returning 
to  Louisville,  preparations  were  made  for  such  of  the  Blues  as  desired 
to  follow  the  fortunes  of  the  South  to  enlist  under  Lewis.  Accord 
ingly,  September  12,  eighteen  or  twenty  of  the  members  set  out  for 
Glasgow,  and,  on  arriving  there,  connected  themselves  with  the  re 
cruits  at  that  point.  A  temporary  recruiting  station  was  established  at 
Cave  City;  and  the  commanding  officer,  who  had  noticed  the  knowl 
edge  of  military  rules  and  business  qualities  displayed  by  Buchanan  at 
Glasgow,  the  month  preceding,  now  appointed  him  acting  adjutant 
for  the  new  regiment.  In  this  capacity  he  served  with  great  useful 
ness  and  acceptability  until  the  consolidation  of  battalions,  when,  by 
the  terms  of  union,  Col.  Gofer's  recruits  were  entitled  to  the  adjutancy, 
and  Gid  Welch  was  appointed.  Buchanan  was  elected  second  lieu 
tenant  of  Co.  C,  and  acted  with  that  company  until  the  reorganiza 
tion  of  the  regiment,  May  10,  1862,  when  he  was  appointed  first  lieu 
tenant  and  adjutant — the  colonel,  in  his  communication  to  the  War 
Department,  recommending  his  appointment  not  only  on  account  of 
business  qualification,  but  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  at  the 
battle  of  Shiloh. 

He  was  at  Vicksburg  during  the  siege  and  bombardment  of'that  city, 
July,  1862,  but,  toward  the  latter  part  of  the  month,  he  was  so  reduced 
in  health  as  to  be  compelled  to  seek  relaxation  and  attention  in  the 
<  ountry.  He  was  thus  unable  to  participate  in  the  battle  at  Baton 
Rouge — the  only  engagement  of  his  command,  however,  in  the  dan- 

31 


482  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

gers  and  glories  of  which  he  did  not  share.  Of  his  conduct  at  Stone 
River,  it  is  only  necessary  to  state  that  his  commanding  officer  was  so 
pleased  with  it  as  to  mention  him  again  to  the  department  as  deserving 
promotion  for  his  gallantry.  After  the  battle  of  Chickamauga,  when 
Lewis  succeeded  to  the  command  of  the  brigade,  he  recommended 
him  for  appointment  as  captain  and  assistant  adjutant-general  on  his 
staff.  Capt.  Hewitt,  an  assistant  adjutant-general,  P.  A.,  C.  S. ,  had 
been  temporarily  assigned,  by  order,  to  duty  in  the  brigade,  and,  pend 
ing  the  action  of  the  War  Department,  Buchanan  was  assigned  to  duty 
as  assistant  inspector-general.  He  was  appointed  in  accordance  with 
the  recommendation,  February  19,  1864,  but  Hewitt  continued,  by 
agreement,  to  fill  that  office,  and  Buchanan  that  of  inspector-general, 
until  2oth  December,  1864,  when  he  was  ordered  to  perform  the  func 
tions  of  office  according  to  appointment,  which  he  did  until  the  war 
closed.  As  before  remarked,  he  participated  in  every  engagement  of 
the  brigade,  except  one,  and  demeaned  himself  alike  gallantly  in  all. 
He  had  the  great  good  fortune  to  enjoy  more  than  common  health 
after  the  summer  of  1862,  and  to  receive  but  a  single  wound  during 
the  war,  that  of  December  — ,  1864,  and  that  not  of  a  serious  na 
ture. 

On  the  field  of  battle  he  was  active  and  vigilant,  as  well  as  courage 
ous,  in  the  discharge  of  his  duty.  In  his  official  capacity,  generally, 
he  was  considered  rather  stern  and  exacting.  Prompt  and  orderly  him 
self,  he  admitted  of  no  excuse  on  the  part  of  others.  He  had  a  great 
pride  in  the  troops  of  his  own  State;  and  in  the  command  with  which 
he  was  identified,  his  desire  was  that  the  men,  without  any  of  those 
degrading  processes  required  to  make  soldiers  out  of  mercenaries, 
should  be  brought,  by  proper  management — encouraging  the  good, 
arousing  the  pride  of  all,  and  restraining  the  bad  by  that  means,  and 
by  the  preservation  of  strict  order  and  regular  discipline — to  as  high 
state  of  efficiency  as  regular  soldiers,  and  to  look  as  well.  With  a  quick 
eye  to  discern  the  evils  that  operated  to  destroy  the  morale  of  an  army, 
he  opposed,  almost  from  the  very  first,  facilities  that  sometimes  ob 
tained  for  procuring  "leave  of  absence,"  and  in  the  end  was  so  pro 
ductive  of  mischief,  if  not  ruinous  to  the  cause.  Convinced  of  the 
bad  effects  of  such  a  policy,  he  used  all  his  influence  against  it,  and 
set  an  example  to  those  around  him ;  and  he  was  proud  to  say,  in  after 
years,  that  he  never  enjoyed,  never  even  asked  for,  a  leave  of  absence 
during  the  war.  He  sometimes  drew  down  upon  himself,  no  doubt, 
the  maledictions  of  the  less  devoted  by  his  uncompromising  opposition 
to  granting  indulgence ;  but  that  he  should  have  excited  the  wrath  of 
such  men  redounds  to  his  credit,  and  should  be  referred  to  as  praise 
worthy,  and  significant  of  one  who  had  the  good  of  the  cause  at  heart. 


CAPT.   BEN   MONROE. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  4&j 

and  chose  rather  to  arouse  temporary  enmity  than  consent  to  the  ad 
mission  of  practices  destructive  of  efficiency. 

While  he  was  adjutant,  woe  to  the  sergeant  who  failed  to  present 
himself  in  a  short  time  after  the  last  stroke  of  the  drum.  If  he  plead 
indisposition  or  exhaustion,  he  was  reminded  that  the  surgeon  of  the 
Sixth  Regiment  was  on  duty  near  by,  and  ready  for  reports  of  that 
character.  If  he  attempted  to  excuse  himself  on  the  plea  of  having 
mistaken  the  call,  he  was  advised  to  attend  to  his  ears,  or  trouble 
would  ensue.  While  in  the  department  of  inspection,  arms,  accoutre 
ments,  quarters,  clothing,  and  general  bearing  were  scrutinized  with 
an  eye  as  critical  as  that  of  a  West  Pointer ;  and  how  often  the  quar 
termasters  and  commissaries  wished  him  elsewhere  is  scarcely  to  be 
recalled,  even  by  those  persecuted  individuals  themselves. 

Since  the  war  he  has  led  the  life  of  a  diligent  but  quiet  business 
man,  chiefly  in  Louisville,  though  he  spent  a  few  years  in  the  West. 
He  has  never  sought  public  position  nor  courted  prominence,  except 
that  which  comes  naturally  of  the  honorable  and  successful  conduct  of 
one's  own  affairs. 

CAPT.  BEN  MONROE. 

In  all  the  annals  of  the  war  (as  has  been  justly  remarked  by  an 
other)  there  seems  to  have  been  no  family  in  Kentucky  upon  which 
the  hand  of  affliction  pressed  more  constantly  than  upon  that  of  Judge 
Monroe.  The  death  of  the  incomparable  major  was  followed  by  the 
seizure  and  partial  destruction  of  their  home,  and  the  compulsory  ban 
ishment  of  the  young  ladies,  who,  it  had  been  vainly  hoped,  would  meet 
with  protection  from  a  lawless  soldiery.  Next  came  the  sickness  and 
death  of  the  captain,  then  the  grievous  affliction  to  the  grandson, 
Frank — so  young  and  yet  disabled  for  life — and  lastly,  after  the  fate 
of  the  Confederacy  had  been  decided,  after  trials  that  would  have 
bowed  a  less  resolute  nature  to  the  dust,  the  gray-haired  sire  himself 
passed  away,  the  once  lovely  homestead  became  the  property  of  a 
stranger,  and  the  survivors  of  the  wreck  of  hopes  and  fortune  found  a 
home  far  from  those  scenes  of  childhood  where  the  sweet  memories  of 
former  happy  days  must  ever  linger. 

Benjamin  James  Monroe,  the  fifth  son  of  Judge  Monroe,  was  born 
at  Montrose,  near  Frankfort,  August  7,  1836;  and  though  he  died  at 
the  age  of  twenty-six  years,  he  had  lived  long  enough  to  win  a  name 
and  give  promise  of  a  brilliant  future,  evincing  talent  of  a  high  order, 
and  manly  characteristics  which  can  not  be  too  highly  extolled.  His 
tuition  began  at  a  very  early  age,  and  was  conducted  by  his  father 
until  he  was  old  enough  to  be  put  to  school.  The  Judge,  a  life-long 


484  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

student  himself,  endeavored  earnestly  and  constantly  to  impress  upon 
the  minds  of  his  children  not  only  the  necessity  of  acquiring  the  rudi 
mentary  branches,  but,  (for  the  all-important  growth  and  vigor  of  the 
mind),  habits  of  daily  reading  and  reflection,  with  a  view  to  an  en 
larged  and  comprehensive  knowledge  of  any  subject  they  might  take 
in  hand. 

After  some  preparatory  instruction,  and  a  kind  of  induction  into  the 
proper  role  of  discipline,  he  was  sent  to  the  school  of  Mr.  Sayre,  in 
Frankfort,  which  he  attended  with  regularity  for  two  or  three  years, 
and  at  the  end  of  that  time,  with  the  assistance  of  his  father,  which  he 
had  in  addition  to  the  regular  school-training,  he  had  completed  the 
ordinary  literary  course,  and  made  large  proficiency  in  the  mathematics. 
He  is  represented  as  having  been  an  uncommonly  bright  and  intelligent 
boy,  more  full  of  animal  spirits,  perhaps,  than  any  of  his  brothers, 
and  almost  as  much  given  to  mad  pranks  as  the  son  of  a  Gahvay 
squire ;  but  observing  to  keep  so  well  within  the  bounds  of  propriety 
as  never  to  neglect  his  studies  while  at  school,  nor  bring  down  the 
wrath  of  Master  Sayre  upon  his  devoted  head. 

Afterward  he  entered  the  Western  Military  Academy  at  Dren- 
non  Springs,  then  under  the  superintendence  of  Colonel  (afterward 
Confederate  General)  Bushrod  Johnson;  and  in  1857,  he  took  the  de 
grees  A.  B.  and  LL.B.,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  the  Court  of 
Appeals,  and  the  Federal  courts,  in  Frankfort. 

Prior  to  his  entering  upon  the  study  of  law,  Judge  Monroe  had  or 
ganized  a  law  class,  and  he  derived  much  benefit  from  his  father's  in 
structions,  both  before  his  admission  to  the  bar  and  subsequently. 
Reviewing  again  and  again  the  elementary  works,  in  connection  with 
each  formation  of  a  new  class,  he  became  proficient  in  the  principles 
of  law  far  beyond  his  years.  Shortly  after  entering  upon  the  practice, 
he  concluded  to  try  his  fortunes  in  a  new  and  wider  field,  and  accord 
ingly,  in  1858,  went  to  Leavenworth,  Ks.  Here,  his  pleasing  ad 
dress,  and  an  ability  that  needed  not  to  be  sounded  from  the  house 
tops  to  attract  attention,  soon  drew  to  him  a  number  of  admiring 
friends,  and  gave  him  a  lucrative  business  for  a  stranger,  in  so  new  a 
settlement.  His  prospects  for  eminent  success  were  excellent,  the 
future  was  promising,  but  after  remaining  here  a  year  or  two  he  con 
cluded  to  return  to  Kentucky.  To  a  man  like  him,  reared,  as  he  had 
been,  in  a  highly  refined  family,  surrounded  by  an  intellectual,  orderly 
society,  amid  scenery  beautiful,  if  not  sublime,  this  home  in  a  mush 
room  city,  in  a  new  country,  whose  very  features,  naked,  bleak,  uni 
form,  seemed  to  speak  of  harsh  realities  and  cold,  stern  labor,  without 
the  refinements  and  amenities  that  render  life  beautiful;  the  rough, 
boisterous,  scrambling  populace,  made  up  in  great  part  of  ruffians 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  485 

and  their  female  counterpart,  of  sharpers,  jobbers,  and  small  traders 
of  every  nationality ;  where  the  Sabbath  was  forgotten,  and  Christian 
rites  performed  only  by  the  quiet  few,  who  may  be  found  even  in  the 
worst  society — all  these  things  were  so  foreign  to  his  fine  nature  that 
he  pined  for  the  little  city  among  the  hills,  and  longed  to  turn  his  eyes 
away  from  the  murky  Missouri,  with  its  sandy  and  ever  shifting  shore, 
its  bars  and  sawyers,  to  gaze  again  upon  the  bright  waters  of  his  own 
cliff-bound  Kentucky. 

He  accordingly  returned,  and  again  began  practice  in  Frankfort; 
but  had  not  long  remained  at  home  before  he  was  engaged  by  Messrs. 
John  H.  Morgan  &  Co. ,  of  Lexington,  to  go  to  New  Mexico,  and  look 
after  some  matters  of  commercial  interest  for  them.  He  went  out  in 
the  spring  of  1860,  and  was  gone  more  than  a  year,  but  reached 
home  while  his  native  State  was  halting  between  two  opinions.  His 
own  course  was  soon  determined  upon.  He  began  his  arrangements 
for  entering  the  Confederate  service;  and  as  there  were  yet  many 
young  men  about  Frankfort  who  had  not  enlisted,  he  proposed  to  raise 
a  company  for  the  Southern  army.  Meeting  with  Col.  Trabue  about 
this  time,  in  Louisville,  he  agreed  to  recruit  for  his  regiment,  and  the 
colonel  made  the  necessary  arrangements  for  having  the  volunteers 
transported  to  Camp  Burnett.  In  July,  he  began  enlisting,  and  about 
the  last  of  that  month  a  body  of  men  who  had  rallied  at  his  call  were 
sent  on  by  way  of  Louisville.  He  continued  to  exert  himself  in  and 
about  Frankfort  till  the  middle  of  August,  when,  the  government  party 
having  become  bold  and  confident,  he  was  in  imminent  danger  of  ar 
rest — he  even  had  reason  to  believe  that  a  writ  had  already  been  pro 
cured,  and  he  left  home,  and  joined  his  men  in  Tennessee,  while  his 
nephews,  Winder  and  Frank,  continued  for  a  short  time,  to  recruit  for 
him,  when  they,  too,  were  compelled  to  desist,  and  Frank  repaired  to 
camp.  He  had  not  had  time  to  gather  even  the  minimum  number  re 
quired  for  a  company,  and  as  Thomas  Steele,  Jr. ,  who  had  come  out 
from  Woodford,  had  a  like  number,  a  consolidation  was  agreed  upon, 
and  Co.  E,  Fourth  Kentucky  Infantry,  was  organized  on  the  nth 
of  September,  1861,  with  him  as  captain.  His  previous  training  at  the 
Western  Military  Institute  had  fitted  him  for  this  position,  and  his 
company,  composed  of  some  of  the  most  excellent  young  men  of 
Franklin  and  Woodford,  was  soon  in  a  high  state  of  discipline.  He  de 
voted  himself  to  his  duties  with  the  constancy  and  precision  of  the 
martinet,  but  without  his  severity  and  harsh  administration  of  authority. 
With  so  much  judgment,  tempered  by  prudence  and  an  agreeable 
manner,  did  he  acquit  himself  that  the  men  loved  him,  and  followed 
his  lead  and  obeyed  his  commands  without  a  murmur.  Their  respect 
and  affection  was  never  abated  but  rather  increased  throughout  the 


486  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

time  that  he  was  spared  to  them.  His  conduct  at  Shiloh  won  their  un 
qualified  confidence  in  his  character  as  a  soldier  and  a  leader,  and  the 
admiration  of  all  who  observed  him.  Self-possessed  and  watchful,  he 
led  them  without  confusion ;  firm,  unflinching,  bearing  himself  sol 
dierly,  as  became  his  name,  they  were  proud  of  him,  and  emulated 
his  example.  Between  eleven  and  twelve  o'clock,  on  the  second  day 
of  the  battle,  he  was  shot  in  the  leg,  and  so  badly  hurt  as  to  prevent 
him  from  walking,  and  he  was  thus  compelled  to  desist ;  but  so  true 
was  his  devotion  to  the  men  whom  he  had  led,  so  anxious  to  stay  with 
them  until  the  struggle  was  over,  that  he  was  carried  from  the  field 
with  evident  reluctance.  An  hour  or  two  afterward,  he  was  informed 
that  his  brother,  the  major,  was  badly  hurt,  perhaps  mortally,  when  he 
procured  a  horse,  and  proceeded  to  the  field  hospital,  where  he  re 
mained  till  that  noble  spirit  had  departed,  and  left  him  to  struggle 
with  a  bitter  sorrow. 

When  the  battle  and  its  attendant  excitement  was  over,  he  was  found 
to  be  completely  exhausted,  not  so  much  from  his  wound,  as  from  a 
disease  which  had  been  preying  upon  him  for  months ;  and  he  was 
advised  to  retire  to  the  country  on  wounded  furlough,  and  seek  to  re 
cruit  his  health,  but  this  he  refused  to  do,  alleging  that  he  thought  him 
self  able  to  recuperate  his  lost  strength  and  vigor,  and  still  remain  with 
"the  boys."  A  fight  seemed  imminent,  and  he  thought  it  was  his 
duty — and,  therefore,  it  was  his  inclination — to  be  with  them  under  all 
circumstances  of  trial,  responsibility,  and  peril.  He  preferred  dying 
at  his  post  to  even  accepting  temporary  immunity  from  hardship  and 
danger,  though  it  were  urged  on  him.  But  his  superior  officers,  know 
ing  his  condition  and  admiring  his  determination,  interposed  to  save 
one  so  true  to  his  country  and  his  comrades,  arid  ordered  him  off, 
ostensibly  on  business  for  the  brigade,  which  he  was  assured  he  could 
transact,  under  the  circumstances,  with  more  propriety  than  any  other, 
but  really  that  he  might  be  benefited  by  the  travel  and  diversion,  and 
his  health  restored,  if  possible.  He  went  first  to  New  Orleans,  then 
to  Manshac ;  and  on  the  latter  occasion  he  met  his  father  and  other 
members  of  his  family,  who  advised  him,  in  consideration  of  his  feeble 
condition,  to  remain  with  them  and  make  application  for  a  furlough  • 
but  he  declined  to  accede  to  their  wishes,  as  he  was  under  orders,  and 
thought  that  he  ought  to  return  to  his  men  as  soon  as  possible,  and 
stand  up  to  them  as  long  as  he  could.  The  brave  and  determined  heart 
never  yields  until  the  physical  powers  refuse  to  do  their  office ;  but 
shortly  after  his  return  to  Corinth,  he  found  himself  so  enfeebled  as  to 
be  wholly  incapable  of  any  duty,  and  was  thus,  at  last,  compelled  to 
accept  sick  leave,  and  seek,  in  rest  and  recreation,  the  restoration  of 
his  health. 


CAPT.  JOHN   H.   WELLER. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  P3RIGADE.  487 

He  had  an  aunt  (sister  to  his  father),  Mrs.  Hardin,  mother  of  Col. 
Tom  Hardin,  Nineteenth  Mississippi  Infantry,  who  was  living  in  Mar 
shall  County,  Mississippi,  and  with  her,  and  with  the  families  of  her 
sons-in-law,  Col.  Greer  and  Dr.  Wilson,  of  the  same  neighborhood, 
Judge  Monroe  and  his  family,  together  with  Mrs.  Leovy,  were  then 
staying.  Capt.  Monroe  repaired  thither,  and  was  kindly  welcomed 
and  cared  for  by  his  relatives,  and  family  and  friends  nursed  him  with 
every  attention ;  but  disease  had  taken  too  firm  hold  to  be  baffled  of 
its  prey,  and  he  died,  October  4,  1862,  and  was  buried  in  the  family 
graveyard  of  Mrs.  Hardin.  After  the  war  his  remains  were  brought 
to  Frankfort,  where  they  now  rest,  in  the  city  cemetery,  beside  those 
of  his  gallant  brother  who  fell  at  Shiloh.  (See  biography  of  Maj. 
Monroe.) 

In  his  last  days,  he  gave  expression  to  his  gratitude  to  the  beneficent 
Father,  that  he  had  not  been  cut  off  suddenly  on  the  field  of  battle,  as 
his  beloved  brother,  for  he,  the  dying  man,  declared,  "was  ready 
then  to  meet  death,  but  I  was  not."  He  gave  joyful  expression  to  his 
thankfulness  that  he  had  been  spared  to  prepare  for  the  judgment  of 
God,  and  died  in  the  assured  hope  that  he  should  "  live  again."  One 
who  described  the  trials  and  bereavements,  the  sad  sufferings  and 
losses  of  the  family,  speaks  of  them  as  bowing  with  a  humble  submis 
sion  to  the  decrees  of  Heaven — brave  hearts,  that  could  defy  the 
world,  and  laugh  at  the  evil  machinations  and  malice  of  men,  yet  ac 
cepting  with  Christian  resignation  and  patience  the  chastenings  of  the 
great  Arbiter  of  their  destinies.  "  They  believe,"  said  he,  "  that  He 
doeth  all  things  well.  Having  acted  from  the  dictates  of  a  principle 
higher  than  that  of  self-interest,  or  of  happiness  upon  earth,  they  ac 
cept  the  decree,  and  have  nothing  with  which  to  reproach  themselves — 
nothing  to  regret." 

CAPT.   JOHN   H.  WELLER. 

John  Weller,  Sr.,  came  from  Germany  to  Pennsylvania,  and  later 
(about  the  year  1730),  to  Maryland.  He  had  several  sons  in  the  Con 
tinental  army.  One  of  them,  Daniel,  moved  from  Mechanicstown, 
Maryland,  to  Kentucky,  in  1796,  landing  with  his  family  from  a  flat- 
boat  at  the  mouth  of  Beargrass  Creek,  and  going  as  far  into  the  interior 
as  the  vicinity  of  Bardstown,  where  he  bought  a  large  tract  of  land. 
Samuel  Weller,  a  son  of  his,  and  the  father  of  the  subject  of  this  notice, 
was  then  nine  years  old,  and  at  twenty-five  years  of  age,  he,  with  two 
brothers,  David  and  George,  was  among  the  Kentucky  volunteers  who 
so  promptly  enlisted  for  service  against  the  British  and  Indians  in  the 
northwest,  1812-14. 


488  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

John  H.  Weller  was  born  in  LaRue  Co.,  Ky. ,  April  nth,  1842. 
His  mother,  Phoebe  LaRue,  was  the  daughter  of  William  LaRue,  a 
son  of  Jacob  LaRue,  who,  with  his  family  and  brothers  and  sisters, 
came  from  Virginia  in  1784,  and  settled  near  what  is  now  Hodgen- 
ville.  Robert  Hodgen,  a  brother-in-law  of  Jacob  LaRue,  and  great- 
grand-father  of  John  H.  Weller,  owned  a  mill  which  was  known  by  his 
name,  and  the  town  took  its  name  from  the  same.  When  the  new 
county  was  taken  from  Hardin  it  was  named  LaRue  County,  and  the 
county  seat  was  located  at  Hodgenville.  They  were  French  Hugue 
nots  who  came  to  America  in  1685. 

In  1854,  when  John  H.  Weller  was  but  twelve  years  old,  he  lost 
both  parents,  and  was  brought  to  Louisville,  where  he  was  reared  by 
his  elder  brothers,  William  L.  and  Jacob  F.  Weller,  living  in  the  home 
of  the  former  as  a  beloved  son — the  latter  being  his  guardian.  In 
1856,  having  received  preparatory  instruction  in  the  country  schools 
and  in  those  of  Louisville,  he  entered  the  Freshman  class  of  the  Ken 
tucky  Military  Institute  and  was  graduated  with  high  military  honors, 
June  i3th,  1860. 

He  now  began  business  as  a  clerk  in  the  wholesale  grocery  of  his 
brother  Jacob,  and  about  the  same  time  took  steps  to  continue  the 
course  of  military  exercises  and  training  which  gave  him  prominence 
as  a  soldier  very  early  in  his  service  in  the  Confederate  army.  He 
joined  the  National  Blues,  Kentucky  State  Guard,  and  was  made 
sergeant-major  of  the  Second  Regiment.  He  was  soon  afterward  elected 
captain  of  the  Louisville  Zouaves. 

Soon  after  this,  Lovell  H.  Rousseau,  subsequently  a  prominent  Fed 
eral  general,  then  recruiting  at  Camp  Joe  Holt,  Indiana,  a  regiment 
for  the  Federal  army,  offered  to  make  him  lieutenant-colonel  of  it — an 
evidence  of  confidence  and  esteem  which  he  appreciated  and  for  which 
he  still  kindly  remembers  Rousseau;  but  his  views  of  the  impending 
strife  compelled  him  to  decline  promptly  to  accept  the  tempting  offer. 

In  August,  1 86 1,  Col.  Robert  P.  Trabue  and  Lieut. -Col.  Andrew  R. 
Hynes  visited  Louisville  to  make  arrangements  for  raising  a  regiment, 
and  under  authority  which  had  been  conferred  upon  them  by  the  Rich 
mond  government,  they  appointed  Weller  adjutant;  J.  Wood  Shrews 
bury,  of  Madison,  Indiana,  (a  college  mate  of  Weller's),  quartermas 
ter;  and  Geo.  T.  Shaw,  commissary.  The  five  went  to  Camp  Boone, 
Tenn.,  which  the  Second  and  Third  Regiments  of  Kentucky  Infantry 
had  established,  to  await  the  arrival  of  companies  which  had  been  en 
listed  in  various  parts  of  the  State  with  a  view  to  taking  service  with 
Trabue.  When  these  began  to  come  in,  Weller  and  Shrewsbury  were 
sent  to  choose  an  eligible  spot,  about  two  miles  from  Boone,  where 
they  laid  off  Camp  Burnett.  Here  he  continued  actively  engaged  with 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  439 

the  remainder  of  the  field  and  staff  in  organizing  and  drilling  the  Fourth 
Regiment  till  the  Kentucky  troops  were  ordered  to  Bowling  Green. 
Two  hundred  men  of  the  Fourth  Regiment  were  sent  under  command 
of  Xuckols,  who  requested  that  Weller  accompany  the  detachment  as 
adjutant,  and  as  the  latter  also  desired  it  he  was  sent  forward  to  act  in 
this  capacity — his  commission  as  first-lieutenant  and  adjutant  of  the 
regiment,  under  appointment  previously  alluded  to,  having  arrived. 

The  remainder  of  the  regiment  went  to  Nashville,  ostensibly  to  be 
armed,  and  Col.  Trabue  appointed  Joseph  L.  Robertson,  of  Co.  H, 
to  be  adjutant  for  that  part  of  the  command.  When  the  entire  regi 
ment  was  collected  at  Bowling  Green,  Gen.  Buckner  ordered  Weller 
to  report  to  the  Twenty-third  Tennessee  Infantry  as  drill-master,  and 
he  served  as  such  for  a  short  time ;  but  he  became  dissatisfied  with 
what  he  designated  "a  roving  commission,"  and  returned  to  his  regi 
ment.  As  the  appointment  of  Robertson  apparently  dispensed  with 
his  services  as  adjutant,  he  determined  to  enter  the  ranks  of  Co.  F  as 
a  private ;  but  Capt.  Willis  S.  Roberts,  of  Co.  D,  met  him  and  re 
quested  that  he  make  the  race  for  the  first  lieutenantcy  of  his  com 
pany,  made  vacant  by  the  promotion  of  Theobald  to  be  quartermas 
ter.  He  was  promptly  elected,  without  opposition,  and  at  once  en 
tered  upon  duty  as  company  drill-master.  When  Roberts  was  made 
major,  December  18,  1862,  Weller  was  promoted  to  captain  of  Co.  D, 
and  held  commission  as  such  during  the  remainder  of  the  war,  though 
for  the  last  two  years  he  was  on  the  roster  of  Brigade  Field  and  Staff, 
and  served  at  times  as  major  and  as  lieutenant-colonel  of  his  regi 
ment. 

With  the  splendid  career  of  the  Fourth  Regiment  no  man  was  more 
closely  and  honorably  identified  from  the  day  of  its  organization  till 
the  last  gun  was  fired  than  Capt.  Weller.  An  active  factor  in  enlisting 
and  organizing  the  command ;  so  versed  in  military  affairs  and  effi 
cient  as  drill-master  that  before  he  was  twenty  years  old  he  was  in 
demand  for  this  work ;  an  enthusiastic  soldier  and  a  vivacious  and 
companionable  man,  whose  presence  and  speech  helped  to  drive  away 
dull  care  or  lessen  the  gloom  of  disaster, — his  influence  did  much 
to  mold  young  men  and  to  give  individuality  to  a  noble  regiment, 
whose  only  fault  was  that  while  it  respected  the  other  Orphans  it  felt 
itself  capable  of  doing  things  a  trifle  better  and  dying  in  the  enemy's 
rifle-pits  a  little  more  unanimously  than  even  they  could. 

From  the  morning,  when  at  Shiloh,  the  Kentuckians  had  their  bap 
tism  of  fire,  to  the  last  combat  with  the  enemy  in  South  Carolina,  he 
scarcely  missed  a  battle  or  an  occasion  when  the  brigade  was  exposed 
to  the  enemy's  guns.  At  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face,  Resaca ;  from  the  crossing  of  the  Osten- 


490  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

aula  to  the  capture  of  Jonesboro' ;  on  Sherman's  flank  through  Geor 
gia  and  South  Carolina, — everywhere  he  was  the  same  steady  and  in 
telligent  fighter;  and  when  Gen.  Lewis  received,  on  the  field  below 
Camden,  the  news  that  Lee  had  surrendered,  Weller  was  at  the  front 
in  command  of  five  companies  of  the  Fourth  Kentucky,  engaged  with 
the  Federal  advance  in  the  last  affair,  he  believes,  in  which  men  of  the 
Orphan  Brigade  took  part. 

During  the  last  day  at  Chickamauga  he  was  severely  wounded  in 
the  face,  and  in  April,  1865,  near  Statesboro',  S.  C. ,  he  was  again 
wounded. 

Returning  to  Louisville  after  the  Southern  troops  were  disbanded, 
he  lost  no  time  repining  over  what  might  have  been,  but  set  to  work 
cheerfully  and  energetically  to  win  a  place  as  an  honorable  and  useful 
citizen  and  achieve  pecuniary  independence. 

In  1867  (January  i6th),  he  married  Miss  Jennie  Goodrich,  (born 
November  17,  1846,)  of  Oldham  County.  She  was  one  of  that  type 
of  women  whom  Wordsworth  characterizes  as  being — 

"  *     *     *     *     *     *'     *     nobly  planned, 
To  warn,  to  comfort,  and  command ;  " 

who  need  not  to  have  their  virtues  proclaimed  from  the  housetops  but 
are  known  nevertheless,  since  their  husbands  could  not  disguise,  if 
they  would,  how  helpful  they  have  been,  how  beneficent  their  influ 
ence,  in  all  the  trials  of  life.  She  was  the  daughter  of  John  R.  Good 
rich,  of  Meade  County.  Her  mother  died  when  she  was  but  six  years 
old,  her  father  during  the  war,  and  she  was  reared  by  her  uncle  and 
guardian,  Parham  Woolfolk,  of  Oldham. 

In  1880,  he  was  elected  clerk  of  the  Chancery  Court,  which  place 
he  filled  for  two  terms.  When  the  new  constitution  consolidated  this 
office  with  that  of  the  circuit  clerk,  he  declined  to  offer  again  for  re 
election,  and  resumed  private  business. 

In  1893,  Governor  Brown  appointed  him  to  be  one  of  the  commis 
sioners  for  the  State  to  locate  positions  occupied  by  the  Kentucky 
troops  in  the  battle  of  Chickamauga ;  and  during  that  year  he  was 
elected  to  the  State  Senate.  He  served  but  the  one  session,  (1894,)- 
as  he  drew  for  the  short  term,  in  the  adjustment  then  required.  In 
1895,  he  received  the  nomination  for  reelection,  without  opposition 
from  his  own  party,  but  was  defeated  at  the  polls,  in  common  with  the 
whole  democratic  ticket,  city  and  State. 

Few  men  possess  in  a  greater  degree  than  he  that  feeling  of  com 
radeship  so  characteristic  of  large  and  genial  natures.  Without  bitter 
ness  toward  honorable  foemen,  (with  whom,  on  the  contrary,  he 
maintains  pleasant  relations  and  is  popular,)  and  lacking  in  no  essential 


CAPT.  JO   DESIIA. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  491 

of  that  patriotism  which  comprehends  our  whole  country,  the  memory 
of  those  who  fell  on  his  right  hand  and  on  his  left  on  the  many  fields 
where  the  Orphan  Brigade  won  its  renown,  furnishing  new  examples 
of  Kentucky  constancy  and  valor,  is  sacred  to  him,  and  his  loyalty  to 
the  living  is  as  that  of  a  brother.  His  poetical  and  prose  writings,  of 
which  a  considerable  number  have  appeared  in  different  periodicals 
during  the  busy  years  since  the  war,  are  all  admiringly  and  affection 
ately  reminiscent  of  his  fellow-Kentuckians  who  bore  the  tri-colored 
banner  without  complaint  and  without  faltering  wherever  duty  led. 
His  song,  "  Oh!  lay  me  away  with  the  boys  in  gray,"  has  been  sung 
at  the  grave  of  many  of  them  and  will  still  be  sung  till  the  roll  shall  be 
called  no  more  because  no  one  is  left  to  answer. 

CAPT.  JO  DESHA. 

The  Desha  family  of  Kentucky  are  descended  directly  from  the 
French  Huguenots,  and  for  two  hundred  years  have  maintained  all 
the  striking  characteristics  of  that  spirited  people.  There  is  the  same 
hatred  of  tyranny  and  oppression ;  the  same  steady,  uncompromising 
adherence  to  principle;  the  same  courage  and  fortitude  to  do  and 
suffer  for  a  cause  once  espoused,  that  distinguished  those  world- 
renowned  converts  to  the  truth, — whether  persecuted  by  Louis  Le 
Grande ;  suffering  injustice  and  severity  from  the  heartless  and  sense 
less  James  of  England;  or  braving  the  hardships  and  dangers  of  the 
New  World.  The  name  is  intimately  connected  with  the  history  of 
Kentucky.  Gen.  Joseph  Desha  came  to  the  State  in  1781;  was  a 
major-general  during  the  troubles  with  the  British  and  Indians  on  the 
lakes,  1812-15  ;  was  several  times  a  member  of  Congress ;  and  in  1824 
was  elected  governor.  Gen.  L.  B.  Desha,  his  son,  gave  two  sons  to 
the  cause  of  the  South — the  subject  of  this  notice,  and  a  younger 
brother,  Ben,  who,  though  peculiarly  unfortunate  on  the  field,  never 
engaging  without  being  badly  shot,  rose  to  the  rank  of  major,  and  en 
joyed  the  merited  reputation  of  being  a  gallant  soldier  and  agreeable 
gentleman. 

Jo  Desha  was  born  in  Harrison  County,  Ky. ,  May  22,  1833.  His 
father  being  then  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits,  he  was  brought  up 
to  the  business  of  a  farmer.  His  education,  however,  was  not  neg 
lected.  He  enjoyed  first  the  advantages  of  schools  in  Cynthiana, 
then  a  half  term  in  the  Kentucky  Military  Institute,  and  afterward  a 
session  in  the  University  of  Virginia.  After  having  quitted  the  uni 
versity,  he  engaged  in  practical  surveying,  and,  in  1860,  was  elected 
county  surveyor  for  Harrison. 

Early  in  the  spring  of  1861,  he  raised  a  large  company  for  the  Con- 


492  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

federate  infantry,  and  went  out  under  the  temporary  command  of  Col. 
Blanton  Duncan,  but,  shortly  after  the  operations  at  Harper's  Ferry, 
it  was  mustered  into  the  service  as  an  independent  company.  In 
July,  1861,  he  joined  the  Kentucky  Battalion  under  Lieut.-Col.  Clai- 
bourne.  This  became,  in  a  few  weeks,  the  First  Regiment  Kentucky 
Volunteers,  in  which  his  company  was  incorporated,  under  the  title  of 
C.  When  the  regiment  was  organized,  under  Col.  Thomas  H.  Tay 
lor,  Capt.  Desha  was  offered  the  position  of  major,  "but,"  says  an 
army  correspondent  of  that  period,  "  though  this  step  forward  in  the 
line  of  promotion  was  very  tempting  to  one  so  young  he  declined  it, 
feeling  that  his  duty  to  his  company  was  imperative — thus  sacrificing 
his  ambition  to  the  obligations  which  bound  him  to  these  men.''  The 
battle  of  Dranesville  occurred  shortly  afterward  ;  and  in  this  affair  the 
Kentucky  Regiment  acted  with  that  constant  gallantry  which  had  all 
the  time  been  expected.  He  was  wounded  here,  but  did  not  leave  the 
field,  and  toward  the  close  of  the  action  he  assumed  command  of  the 
regiment,  and  conducted  the  retreat. 

During  the  early  spring  of  1862,  he  was  with  the  command  on  the 
peninsula,  engaged  in  arduous  outpost  duty.  In  May,  1862,  the  term 
of  enlistment  having  expired,  the  First  Regiment  was  mustered  out  of 
service,  no  order  having  been  issued  for  reorganization  under  the  act 
of  April  i6th.  During  the  two  months  following,  he  endeavored  to 
recruit  a  new  command;  but  circumstances  were  now  adverse;  the 
people  had  not  recovered  from  the  surprise  and  mortification  conse 
quent  upon  the  retreat  of  the  army  from  Central  Kentucky;  and  those 
who  had  not  already  enlisted  were  inclined  to  follow  the  lead  of  Mor 
gan,  and  he  accordingly  abandoned  the  project  fbrthe  time,  and  himself 
joined  that  chieftain,  August  ist,  with  whose  assistance  he  speedily 
raised  a  company  of  mounted  men,  and  with  whom  he  served  on  the 
campaign  about  Gallatin  and  in  the  capture  of  that  place.  When 
Bragg  entered  Kentucky,  Morgan  went  directly  to  Lexington,  arriving 
there  on  the  5th  of  September,  and  Capt.  Desha,  disliking  the  cavalry, 
or  conceiving  that  the  infantry  was  the  more  useful  and  consequently 
more  honorable  service,  he  resigned,  and  was  authorized  by  Gen.  E. 
Kirby  Smith  to  raise  a  regiment.  He  went  earnestly  to  work,  but  re 
cruiting  for  the  infantry  was  still  slow.  Young  men  of  Kentucky  had 
seen  that  to  serve  with  an  infantry  officer  was  to  be  cut  off  from  the 
possibility  of  revisiting  home,  or  even  the  State,  unless  occupied  by  the 
southwestern  army;  while  the  cavalry  service  was  not  open  to  that  ob 
jection,  frequent  incursions  being  made  into  the  country  by  that  arm. 
The  few  weeks,  therefore,  in  which  he  had  to  labor,  scarcely  sufficed 
to  get  together  and  organize  a  single  company.  Of  this,  September 
27,  1862,  he  was  chosen  captain,  and  shortly  afterward  set  out  from 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  493 

Cynthiana  for  Camp  Dick  Robinson,  upon  which  Bragg  was  now  mov 
ing.  Before  leaving  the  latter  place,  October  i3th,  his  company,  and 
three  others  under  command,  respectively,  of  Henry  C.  Musselman, 
John  W.  Calvert,  and  Jno.  T.  Gaines,  were  united,  and  Capt.  Desha 
was  placed  in  command  of  the  battalion  thus  formed.  Arriving  at 
Knoxville,  the  companies  of  Musselman  and  Calvert  (as  we  have  seen 
in  the  particular  account  of  Co.  I,  Fifth  Regiment),  having  been  re 
cruited  for  Marshall's  command,  expressed  a  desire  to  return  to  West 
ern  Virginia.  By  retaining  these  companies,  even  though  no  further 
additions  were  made  to  them,  the  probability  was,  and  in  fact  it  was 
intended,  that  Desha  should  be  promoted  to  the  rank  of  major,  and  as 
signed  to  the  permanent  command  of  this  battalion.  By  a  word  of 
remonstrance,  addressed  to  the  general  commanding  department,  he 
could  have  prevented  the  removal  of  these  recruits,  and  so  have 
secured  to  himself  a  somewhat  more  extended  field  in  which  to  display 
those  soldierly  qualities  which,  under  Taylor  and  Morgan,  had  already 
won  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  the  army  and  of  the  government. 
His  action,  however,  was  not  determined  by  a  selfish  disregard  of  the 
preferences  of  others.  He  acquiesced  without  hesitancy  in  the  desired 
change,  disclaiming  any  desire  to  command  men  who  did  not  wish  to 
serve  in  the  department  of  his  choice.  In  reply  to  some  remark  ex 
pressive  of  apprehension  that  he  would  endeavor  to  retain  them, 
"What!"  said  he,  "do  they  think  I'm  a  soldier  merely  to  ride  a 
horse?"  He  was  afterward  associated  with  these  officers  and  men  in 
the  Fifth  Regiment,  and  their  respect  for  him,  based  upon  his  behavior 
at  Knoxville,  his  abnegation  of  self  in  order  to  gratify  them,  increased 
to  the  warmest  attachment,  and  years  afterward,  in  speaking  of  their 
command,  they  omitted  no  opportunity  to  mention  "Capt.  Jo,"  as  he 
was  familiarly  called,  and  to  speak  in  terms  of  the  highest  regard  and 
commendation.  Such  are  the  fruits  of  a  manly  and  straightforward 
course.  His  own  company  and  that  of  Gaines  were  ordered,  at  their 
own  request,  to  report  to  Col.  Thomas.  H.  Hunt,  and  accordingly 
joined  him,  early  in  November,  taking  position  in  the  Ninth  Regiment 
as  I  and  K.  He  entered  upon  the  business  of  drilling  and  instructing 
these  new  men  with  his  characteristic  energy  and  perseverance,  and 
Co.  I  was  soon  of  soldierly  appearance,  skillful  and  confident. 

He  was  always  alive,  not  only  to  the  training  of  his  men,  but  to 
their  personal  comfort.  No  man  who  had  any  connection  with  them, 
and  whose  duty  it  was  to  minister  to  their  wants,  in  either  sickness 
or  health,  was  allowed  to  impose  upon  them  without  hearing  from  him 
in  a  style  that  was  certainly  not  the  most  agreeable  to  such  delin 
quents.  The  company  was  soon  proved  in  a  fight,  the  battle  of  Harts- 
ville  occurring  about  a  month  after  their  discipline  began.  Here 


494  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

they  are  represented  as  having  maintained  well  their  line,  and  de 
ported  themselves  as  became  men  and  Kentuckians,  suffering  a  loss  of 
three  killed  and  five  wounded.  Returning  to  camp,  Capt.  Desha  again 
improved  every  opportunity  to  infuse  and  strengthen  a  proper  spirit,  and 
increase  their  general  efficiency,  which,  in  fact,  he  never  neglected  at 
any  time.  That  they  henceforth  behaved  with  consistent  gallantry,  and 
that  excellent  judgment  which  well-disciplined  and  properly-instructed 
troops  evince  in  action,  needs  scarcely  to  be  said.  At  Stone  River, 
an  incident  occurred  which  exhibited,  in  a  strong  light,  the  metal  of 
which  he  was  made:  On  Thursday  afternoon,  January  i,  1863,  ex 
posed  to  the  fire  of  the  enemy  directed  at  Cobb,  he  was  struck  across 
the  side  of  the  head  with  a  six-pound  shot,  which  cut  an  ugly  gash 
and  knocked  him  senseless.  He  was  carried  to  the  field  hospital,  all 
who  saw  him  fall  regarding  him  as  either  killed  outright  or  mortally 
wounded.  About  nightfall,  Bragg  ordered  Gen.  Hanson  to  move 
forward  (as  noticed  in  another  portion  of  this  work)  and  drive  off  the 
enemy  reported  to  be  posting  artillery  on  the  bluff,  to  the  right  of 
Cobb's  position.  "Then  it  was,"  says  a  member  of  the  company, 
"  that  we  felt  the  severity  of  our  loss.  The  expression  was  on  many 
tongues  :  '  If  Capt.  Jo  were  only  here,  it  would  be  all  right ! ' '  The 
order  was  countermanded  before  the  troops  got  under  motion;  but  he 
had  heard  that  a  fight  was  imminent,  and,  to  the  surprise  of  every 
body,  he  soon  appeared  and  took  his  place  with  the  company.  His  head 
had  been  dressed  and  bandaged,  and,  though  the  effects  of  the  first 
shock  were  not  over,  and  the  severity  of  the  wound,  too,  was  such  as 
to  have  furloughed  most  men  over  the  winter,  he  remained  during  the 
continuance  of  the  battle  and  made  the  disagreeable  march  to  Man 
chester,  not  only  setting  an  example  of  manly  courage  and  patience 
under  trial,  but  even  assisting  the  sick  and  weak  to  bear  their  burdens. 
Such  conduct  on  the  field,  such  kindness  and  care  on  the  march,  de 
veloped  in  the  minds  of  these  men  such  confidence  and  attachment 
that  no  danger  was  so  great,  no  toil  so  onerous,  that,  in  his  lead,  they 
would  not  have  encountered  it  cheerfully.  Col.  Trabue,  in  his  report 
of  the  battle  of  Stone  River,  speaking  of  the  Ninth  Regiment,  says, 
that  among  the  wounded  was  Capt.  Desha,  "  whose  subsequent  con 
duct  won  universal  praise." 

When  the  brigade  had  reached  Montgomery,  May  27,  1863,  on  the 
way  to  Mississippi,  he  was  ordered  to  report,  with  Cos.  I  and  K,  to 
Gen.  Preston,  at  Abingdon,  for  the  purpose  of  uniting  them  with  other 
companies  and  forming  a  battalion  (or  regiment),  to  be  under  his  com 
mand.  After  having  reached  Abingdon,  circumstances  precluded  the 
possibility  of  carrying  out  the  design  for  which  he  had  been  brought 
there,  and  for  two  months  and  a  half  the  company  was  kept  on  the 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.    •  435 

tramp — first  to  Big  Creek  Gap ;  then  to  Cumberland  Gap  ;  to  Knox- 
ville  and  back  to  Cumberland  Gap ;  then  to  Morristown,  whence  they 
were  removed  by  rail  to  Abingdon  again,  and,  on  the  2ist  of  August, 
reported  to  Col.  Hawkins,  from  which  time  their  history,  and,  in  a 
great  measure,  that  of  the  captain,  is  identified  with  that  of  the  Fifth 
Regiment.  As  noticed  in  a  preceding  portion  of  this  work,  that  regi 
ment  was  in  the  third  brigade  of  Preston's  division,  at  Chickamauga, 
and,  of  the  conduct  of  Desha  in  that  engagement,  it  is  only  necessary 
to  quote  the  words  of  Col.  Kelly,  who  was  then  in  command  of 
brigade,  and  reported  operations.  Says  he:  "I  must  be  allowed  to 
speak  of  the  gallant  conduct  of  certain  officers  (whom  he  names),  and 
especially  of  Capt.  Jo  Desha,  Fifth  Kentucky,  who,  though  painfully  and 
severely  wounded  early  in  the  action,  remained  at  the  head  of  his  com 
pany  till  the  enemy  was  defeated."  He  was  now  necessarily  absent 
for  sometime,  but  returned,  though  yet  really  unfit  for  duty,  to  com 
mand  the  company  at  Mission  Ridge,  and,  on  the  movement  to  Dai- 
ton,  engaged  in  defending  the  rear  of  the  retreating  army. 

At  the  opening  of  the  campaign  by  Gen.  Joe  Johnston,  he  engaged 
at  Rocky  Face  Ridge  and  at  Resaca.  On  the  afternoon  of  May  27,  a 
detail  of  a  hundred  men  was  ordered  from  Bate's  division,  for  the 
purpose  of  dislodging  the  enemy's  skirmishers  from  a  strong  position 
and  bringing  on  an  attack.  It  was  regarded  as  a  more  than  ordinarily 
hazardous  undertaking,  and,  though  not  his  regular  turn  by  roster  de 
tail,  Gen.  Lewis  selected  him  to  lead  fhe  men  of  his  brigade.  The 
order,  however,  was  countermanded.  At  Dallas,  May  28,  1864,  when 
the  Fifth  Regiment  advanced  so  gallantly  upon  the  battery,  whose 
gunners  they  killed  and  drove  off,  as  noticed  heretofore,  and  the  line 
was  halted  within  less  than  fifty  yards  of  these  guns  and  their  support, 
he  was  observed  to  turn  his  head  to  see  if  the  line  was  in  good  shape, 
speak  in  encouraging  tones  to  the  men  to  be  steady,  then  draw  his 
pistol  and  fire  its  several  barrels  at  the  gunners  "  as  coolly,  and  with 
as  deliberate  aim,"  (says  an  officer  of  Company  E,)  "under  the  awful 
storm  then  assailing  us,  as  though  he  were  trying  his  skill  at  a  mark." 
But  in  this  affair  he  was  wounded  and  disabled,  the  left  arm  being  so 
badly  shattered  that  he  did  not  regain  the  use  of  it  during  the  remain 
der  of  the  service — perhaps  never,  perfectly. 

He  was  obliged  to  retire.  In  September,  following,  on  the  dis 
abling  of  Adam  R.  Johnson,  commanding  department  of  Southwestern 
Kentucky,  the  delegation  at  Richmond  concurred  in  the  propriety  of 
having  Capt.  Desha  promoted  to  brigadier-general  and  sent  to  the 
command  of  that  department.  President  Davis,  knowing  his  eminent 
fitness  for  the  position,  promised,  without  hesitation,  that  the  appoint 
ment  should  be  made  in  case  he  were  ready  to  take  the  field.  But 


496  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

this  honor  he  was  compelled  to  decline,  being,  at  the  time  the  propo 
sition  was  communicated  to  him  (as  we  have  already  seen),  wholly 
unfit  for  any  duty.  His  qualifications  for  such  a  command  were  ample, 
and  in  that  position  he  would  have  been  of  more  general  advantage 
to  the  cause ;  but  it  was  not  necessary  to  the  enhancement  of  his  repu 
tation,  which  depended  not  upon  position,  but  upon  positive  merit, 
which  all  men  recognized.  In  April,  1865,  though  yet  unfit  for  the 
field,  and  particularly  in  a  mounted  capacity,  since  his  bridle-hand 
was  powerless,  he  rejoined  the  command  near  Camden.  His  company 
had  been  placed  on  duty  as  couriers  between  Columbia  and  Chester 
Village,  and  he  acted  as  field  officer  (Lieut.-Col.  Connor  being  in  com 
mand  of  dismounted  detachment),  and  was  engaged  in  the  subsequent 
operations  in  that  vicinity. 

Of  his  qualities  as  a  soldier,  it  is  scarcely  necessary  to  speak  farther. 
These,  the  attentive  reader  will  have  perceived,  were  of  the  highest 
order.  In  matters  of  whatever  importance — in  camp,  on  the  field — 
he  did  his  duty,  and  was  never  satisfied  with  anything  less  on  the  part 
of  others.  His  natural  turn  of  mind  was  essentially  martial ;  his  ordi 
nary  bearing  was  soldierly ;  his  conduct  was  regulated  by  those  high 
principles  of  honor  which  have  always  been  the  boast  of  men  in  the 
profession  of  arms.  A  questionable  act;  a  disregard  for  the  rights 
and  feelings  of  others,  however  humble ;  any  little  scheming  for  place 
or  preferment;  anything  like  affectation,  cant,  hypocritical  sniveling, 
he  detested  with  all  the  lofty  scorn  of  which  a  bold  and  open-hearted 
nature  is  capable.  These  qualities  naturally  rendered  him  averse  to 
anything  like  an  attempt  at  display,  and  gave  his  general  deportment 
not  only  an  air  of  unaffected  modesty  but  of  much  reserve.  In  pro 
portion  as  men  seek  advantage,  and  the  approbation  of  mankind, 
by  courting  favor  with  the  powerful,  catering  to  the  whims  of  the 
many,  and  assuming  importance  disproportioned  to  merit,  are  they  sure 
to  be  despised  and  contemned,  even  while  people  smile  and  profess 
regard.  And  that  the  reverse  of  this  mode  of  action  is  the  surest  way 
to  the  hearts  of  all  who  are  capable  of  rightly  discerning — to  lasting 
honor  and  a  just  fame — we  need  look  no  farther  than  to  the  subject  of 
the  present  notice. 

As  an  instance  of  his  peculiar  reserve  in  all  matters  relating  to  him 
self,  a  friend  has  related  to  the  writer  the  following  incident :  In  Feb 
ruary,  1864,  he  visited  Richmond,  and  President  Davis,  as  a  token  of 
regard,  presented  him  with  a  fine  pistol.  This,  considering  the  noble 
donor,  was,  no  doubt,  regarded  with  uncommon  pride,  as  it  would 
have  been  by  any  officer  in  the  Confederate  army ;  but  it  was  long  in 
his  possession  before  any  one,  even  of  his  company  and  intimate 
friends,  knew  that  it  was  a  gift  from  the  president.  And,  another  case 


CAPT.   I.  T.  GAINES. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  497 

in  point,  the  proffered  promotion  to  brigadier-general  was  rarely  ever 
alluded  to  by  himself. 

In  his  ordinary  social  intercourse  and  his  general  dealings  with  men, 
he  was  courteous  and  obliging,  giving  no  intentional  offense,  nor  sub 
mitting  to  any.  Shortly  after  his  return  to  Kentucky,  when  the  war 
had  closed,  he  received  a  personal  affront  from  one  who  had  served  in 
the  Federal  army,  and  a  duel  ensued,  in  which  his  antagonist  was 
severely  wounded,  but  himself  escaped  unhurt. 

Since  the  war  he  has  devoted  himself  to  the  business  of  farming  and 
stock-raising  with  characteristic  energy  and  steadiness,  taking  little  part 
in  public  affairs  save  on  exceptional  occasions,  but  so  discharging  his 
duty  to  society  as  to  rank  with  that  class  of  substantial  and  reliable 
citizens  who  honor  the  State. 

CAPT.  J.  T.   GAINES. 

In  August,  1862,  when  Capt.  Jo  Desha,  under  authority  of  Gen. 
Kirby  Smith,  was  endeavoring  to  recruit  a  regiment  of  infantry,  during 
Bragg's  occupancy  of  Kentucky,  one  of  the  three  companies  which  he 
succeeded  in  enlisting,  and  which  constituted  the  battalion  which  he 
led  South,  was  under  command  of  Capt.  W.  D.  Acton,  with  the  sub 
ject  of  this  sketch  as  first-lieutenant.  Acton  fell  sick  on  the  retreat  in 
October,  was  captured,  escaped,  but  was  shortly  afterward  re-captured, 
and  confined  in  prison  till  August,  1864.  At  Knoxville,  Desha's  bat 
talion  was  temporarily  broken  up  as  a  separate  organization  and  Ac 
ton's  company  was  assigned  to  the  Ninth  Kentucky  Infantry  as  Co.  K. 

Gaines  continued  in  command  as  first-lieutenant  till  the  spring  of 
1864,  when,  nothing  having  been  heard  from  Acton,  he  was  promoted 
to  captain.  Previously  (during  the  summer  of  1863),  he  had  been 
returned  with  his  company  to  Capt.  Desha,  who  had  orders  to  reor 
ganize  his  battalion  for  service  in  Virginia.  Just  before  the  battle  of 
Chickamauga,  however,  the  battalion  was  finally  broken  up  and  the 
respective  companies  were  attached  to  the  Fifth  Kentucky.  In  August, 
1864,  Acton  was  released  from  prison  and  returned  to  duty,  and  by  an 
order  from  the  War  Department  was  restored  to  rank  and  pay.  Co.  K 
thus  had  a  superfluity  of  commanders,  and  in  October,  1864,  Gaines 
resigned;  but  he  remained  with  the  men  and  fought  with  them  till 
March,  1865,  when  he  came  to  Kentucky  with  recruiting  orders.  The 
circumstances  were  now  such,  however,  and  the  end  so  near,  that  his 
efforts  were  fruitless.  When  Johnston  surrendered,  he  reported  to  the 
Federal  provost  at  Lexington,  by  whom  he  was  regularly  paroled. 

He  was  in  all  the  battles  of  his  company  while  with  it — at  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 

32 


498  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

Dallas,  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Pine  Mountain,  Peachtree  Creek,  In- 
trenchment  Creek,  Jonesboro'  (two  days),  Lovejoy's  Station,  and  in 
several  minor  engagements,  after  the  command  was  mounted,  during 
the  ' '  March  to  the  Sea." 

In  the  Autumn  of  1865,  he  began  teaching  in  the  common  schools, 
and  displayed  such  fitness  for  this  avocation  that  in  1868,  when  the 
graded  school  was  organized  at  Frankfort  he  was  elected  first  assistant. 
He  continued  as  such  for  five  years,  and  was  elected  principal  of  the 
Morton  school  at  Lexington.  From  Lexington,  after  four  years'  serv 
ice,  he  took  charge  of  the  Third  Ward  School  in  Louisville  as  princi 
pal,  which  position  he  occupied  till  1895,  when  the  Board  of  Education 
transferred  him  to  the  Tenth  Ward  School,  which  is  now  in  his  charge. 

Capt.  Gaines  is  one  of  the  leading  educators  of  the  State — a  man 
of  force,  though  unostentatious ;  a  man  of  thought  who  contemns  mere 
-catchy  methods,  however  popular,  and  strives  to  proceed  on  right  lines. 
He  has  been  president  of  the  State  Teachers'  Association  and  of  the 
Louisville  Educational  Association;  served  as  State  Examiner  under 
Pickett's  administration,  as  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  and 
as  a  member  of  the  State  Board  of  Education  under  that  of  Thomp 
son. 

He  has  written  a  book  entitled  "Principles  in  Teaching,"  which 
has  had  an  extensive  sale  and  attracted  many  favorable  notices.  Three 
or  four  years  ago  his  revision  of  Butler's  Grammar  (in  collaboration 
with  Prof.  O.  B.  Theiss),  made  its  appearance  as  "Inductive  Gram 
mar,"  and  is  regarded  by  scholars  and  educators  as  a  work  of  very 
unusual  merit. 

In  1866  he  married  Miss  Cordelia  Russell,  a  daughter  of  John 
Russell,  of  Frankfort.  They  have  reared  and  educated  six  children, 
who  may  justly  pride  themselves  on  the  reflection  that  in  all  the  rela 
tions  in  which  father  and  mother  were  tried,  they  proved  true;  and 
that  the  soldier  father  was  a  boy-leader  of  men  during  a  great  conflict 
for  principles — an  officer  brave  and  faithful,  whose  life  as  a  citizen  has 
been  loyal  to  the  military  corps  whose  fame  he  helped  to  make. 

CAPT.   D.   E.  McKENDREE. 

Among  the  millions  of  Methodists  scattered  abroad  in  the  land, 
from  Maine  to  the  Pacific  shore,  the  name  of  the  great  bishop,  William 
McKendree,  is  a  household  word.  At  mention  of  him,  men's  minds 
go  back  to  the  days  of  Washington  and  his  struggling  patriots,  when 
William  McKendree,  a  youth,  did  service  under  the  great  chieftain, 
and  numbered  among  his  personal  friends  the  ' '  Father  of  his  Country." 
And  when  the  "  star  of  empire  "  took  its  way  to  the  boundless  West, 


CAPT.   D.   E.   McKKNDREE. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  499 

and  Methodism  came  with  the  pioneers,  to  rear  the  cross  in  the  wilder 
ness,  the  mild  and  gentle,  but  heroic  McKendree,  was  foremost  among 
these  heralds  of  peace  and  good-will,  and  his  name  is  so  intimately 
connected  with  the  wild  scenes  of  border  life  as  to  be  as  much  im 
pressed  upon  the  history  of  settlements  as  upon  the  annals  of  the 
church. 

In  another  capacity,  in  this  our  own  day,  has  lived  one  to  perpet 
uate  the  name.  The  mantle  of  William  McKendree  fell  upon  the 
subject  of  our  sketch ;  not  his  sacerdotal  robes,  but  the  charm  of  his 
character;  not  the  miter  of  the  bishop,  but  the  spirit  of  the  man.  In 
many  a  household  in  Kentucky,  this  day,  the  voices  of  stern  men  are 
softened  when  they  speak  of  him.  When  they  think  of  how  he  died, 
in  the  flower  of  youth,  their  hearts  go  out  impulsively  to  the  graves  of 
the  many  who  fell  in  the  unequal  struggle;  and  the  past  is  hallowed  in 
their  inmost  souls  when.they  reflect  how  such  as  he  gave  up  their  lives, 
without  a  murmur,  yea,  proclaiming  their  readiness  to  die  in  defend 
ing  the  right  of  the  people  to  choose  their  own  government. 

Dudley  Ellis  McKendree  was  born  in  Sumner  County,  Tenn.,  July 
4,  1835.  His  father,  Dr.  James  McKendree,  was  brother  to  the 
bishop,  and  his  house  was  for  a  long  time  the  home  of  that  famous 
divine.  His  mother,  whose  maiden  name  was  Moore,  was  closely  re 
lated  to  the  Taylor  family,  of  which  Gen.  Zachary  Taylor  was  a  mem 
ber,  and  both  the  McKendrees  and  Moores  were  Virginians.  Young 
McKendree  was  put  to  school,  at  an  early  age,  in  the  neighborhood 
where  he  was  born,  and  continued  to  attend,  at  intervals,  until  the 
death  of  his  father,  in  1846.  His  mother  then  removed  to  Scottville, 
Kentucky,  where  she  resided  with  her  son-in-law,  Mr.  Charles  F. 
Harvey.  This  gentleman,  who  seems  to  have  been  a  man  of  honor 
and  feeling,  took  great  interest  in  Ellis  (as  he  was  familiarly  called), 
and  superintended  his  further  scholastic  training — endeavoring  at  the 
same  time  to  induce  those  steady  habits,  and  give  him  that  acquaint 
ance  with  business,  that  would  fit  him  for  future  usefulness. 

His  parents,  conscientious  and  consistent  Methodists,  had  instilled 
in  his  mind,  while  he  was  yet  a  child,  the  great  cardinal  principles  of 
Christianity,  and  laid  the  foundation  for  that  reverential,  respectful, 
and  virtuous  disposition  which  afterward  rendered  so  lovely  his  inter 
course  with  his  fellow-men.  While  young  he  made  a  public  profession 
of  religion  and  attached  himself  to  the  church.  In  his  business  en 
gagements,  in  subsequent  life,  it  is  said  that  he  never  permitted  any 
thing  to  stand  in  the  way  of  his  private  devotions  and  his  attendance 
upon  the  public  ordinances.  Punctual  at  the  house  of  worship,  liberal 
in  all  that  pertained  to  the  support  of  the  ministry  and  the  welfare  of 
men,  an  instructor  in  the  Sabbath-school,  an  active  agent  of  the  Ameri- 


500  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

can  Bible  Society,  he  was  honored  by  both  the  clergy  and  the  people, 
loved  by  the  children,  and  pointed  to  by  parents  as  a  worthy  model 
for  their  own  sons. 

At  the  age  of  fifteen  or  sixteen  he  was  placed  in  Mr.  Harvey's  busi 
ness  house,  where  he  conducted  himself  in  such  a  manner  as  to  win 
the  warmest  approval  of  his  patron,  and  the  good  opinion  of  all  with 
whom  he  became  acquainted.  Having  expressed  a  desire  to  be  put  to 
some  trade  or  profession  by  which  he  might  hope  to  achieve  pecuniary 
independence,  Mr.  Harvey  procured  him  a  situation  in  the  wholesale 
drug  establishment  of  J.  S.  Morris  &  Sons,  Louisville,  where  he  soon 
made  himself  familiar  with  the  details  of  the  business,  and  was  made 
confidential  clerk  of  the  house.  Here,  as  heretofore,  his  steady  habits 
and  agreeable  deportment  made  friends  of  all  who  came  in  his  way. 
Having  been  sent  out  on  a  collecting  tour  (1857),  he  met,  at  Glasgow, 
Messrs.  Barrick  and  Garnett,  who  made  propositions  to  sell  their 
drug  store  in  that  place,  and  he  accordingly  purchased  it,  in  connection 
with  Mr.  E.  G.  Walker,  of  Scottville.  He  did  here  a  lucrative  busi 
ness  for  some  time;  but  shortly  prior  to  the  war,  he  formed  a  part 
nership  with  Mr.  Peter  G.  Wooten,  and,  abandoning  his  former  occu 
pation,  erected  an  establishment  for  the  manufacture  of  tobacco. 

His  father  had  been  an  uncompromising  Democrat,  of  the  old  Vir 
ginia  type ;  but  Ellis,  probably  influenced  by  Mr.  Harvey,  and  little 
inquiring,  like  the  majority  of  young  minds,  what  were  the  legitimate 
tendencies  of  the  opposite  party,  declared  himself  a  Whig,  and  during 
his  early  manhood  acted  with  them,  and  with  what  were  afterward 
known  as  National  Americans ;  but  when  Federalism,  under  its  different 
guises,  had  well-nigh  worked  the  ruin  of  the  South,  and  Kentucky  was 
called  upon  to  decide  between  Federal  domination  and  State  sovereignty, 
he  was  not  slow  to  perceive  that  the  Democratic  party  had  been  the 
exponent  of  principles  which,  had  they  prevailed,  would  have  secured 
the  South,  to  this  day,  in  all  her  rights  and  immunities.  To  minds  and 
hearts  like  his,  in  which  the  principles  of  honor  forbade  every  thing 
like  mercenary  calculation,  there  was,  indeed,  but  one  course — to 
espouse  the  cause  of  the  oppressed  and  fight  for  the  weak.  Accord 
ingly,  about  the  middle  of  September,  1861,  he  left  his  business  to 
the  care  of  Mr.  Wooten,  and  began  to  enlist  men  for  the  Southern  serv 
ice.  He  labored  zealously  in  connection  with  his  friend  and  fellow- 
townsman,  Joseph  H.  Lewis,  until  the  ipth  of  November,  when  the 
Sixth  Regiment  was  organized  throughout,  by  the  election  of  both  field 
and  line  officers,  and  young  McKendree,  asking  no  higher  position, 
was  chosen  captain  of  Co.  D,  and  entered  upon  that  military  serv 
ice  which  was  to  preserve  the  luster  of  a  name  already  honored  in  the 
land. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  501 

His  physical  constitution  was  never  powerful,  and,  without  the  in 
domitable  spirit  that  never  yields,  he  must  have  soon  succumbed  to  the 
demands  upon  his  strength,  and  to  the  hardships  to  which  he  was  un 
avoidably  exposed;  but  he  never  faltered  in  the  line  of  duty ;  and  his 
patience  and  fortitude,  the  cheerful  alacrity  with  which  he  encountered 
cold,  hunger,  and  toilsome  marching — in  short,  every  trial  and  evil  in 
cident  to  a  soldier's  life — constituted  as  admirable  a  feature  of  his  char 
acter  as  that  which  led  him  to  meet  danger  calmly  and  unflinchingly. 
Prompt  and  cheerful  in  all  his  duties — uncomplaining,  even  buoyant, 
under  trials  and  hardships — his  influence  was  felt  throughout  the  com 
mand,  his  example  was  such  as  to  encourage  the  faltering,  sustain  the 
weak,  and  reprove  the  murmuring. 

There  was  a  charm  in  his  deportment,  whether  in  the  serious  or 
frolicsome  mood.  For  the  most  part,  he  was  blithe  and  playful  in  his 
intercourse  with  the  men — often  humorous--always  pleasing.  In  the 
tent,  around  the  bivouac,  on  the  wearisome  march,  in  the  perilous 
front  of  battle,  every  where,  the  soldier  met  the  handsome  young  offi 
cer  with  a  welcoming  smile. 

Just  before  meeting  the  enemy  at  Shiloh,  he  had  made  these  remarks 
to  his  men,  not  with  the  air  of  one  who  was  only  screwing  up  his  own 
courage  by  a  blustering  harangue,  but  to  arouse,  by  a  few  timely  words, 
all  their  manhood,  and  guard  them  against  confusion:  "Boys,  we 
are  about  to  be  engaged  with  the  foe  for  the  first  time.  It  will  pain 
me  to  see  any  man  falter;  and  for  heaven's  sake  don't  let  it  be  said, 
by  those  whom  we  love  at  home,  that  one  member  of  Company  D  dis 
graced  himself."  He  fought  through  the  first  day  without  injury,  but 
during  the  engagement  on  Monday  he  was  painfully  wounded  in  one 
leg  below  the  knee.  He  fell,  but,  upon  his  brother's  expressing  a 
wish  to  have  him  removed,  he  said,  "  No,  I  do  not  wish  to  be  carried 
away  yet;  the  boys  will  fight  better,  if  they  know  that  I  am  near  them." 

He  never  entirely  recovered  from  the  effects  of  this  wound;  but  an 
unconquerable  spirit  induced  him  to  rejoin  the  command  in  the  au 
tumn.  At  the  battle  of  Stone  River,  January  2,  1863,  he  was  dan 
gerously  wounded  through  the  thigh ;  and  here  an  incident  occurred 
which  showed  in  how  great  esteem  he  was  held,  even  by  his  foes  who 
had  known  him  in  peaceful  days.  Just  before  the  division  was  with 
drawn  over  the  ridge,  an  officer  of  the  Sixth  Regiment  had  a  leg 
broken,  and  was  left  upon  the  spot,  the  proximity  of  the  enemy  pre 
cluding  the  possibility  of  removal.  About  nightfall,  some  Federal 
soldiers,  engaged  in  collecting  the  wounded,  had  carried  him  to  a  fire 
which  they  had  kindled  under  a  large  oak,  when  he  heard  a  United 
States  officer,  riding  by  at  the  time,  remark  to  some  one  :  "  It  was 
the  Barren  County  boys  who  fought  us  on  this  part  of  the  line,  and  we 


502  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

have  killed  Ellis  McKendree.     Poor  fellow !  there  never  was  a  better 
man,  if  he  was  a  rebel !  " 

He  had  not  been  killed,  however,  but  was  borne  to  the  rear,  dan 
gerously  wounded.  When  it  became  known  that  Bragg  intended  to 
withdraw  from  Murfreesboro',  Dr.  Vertrees  told  Capt.  McKendree 
that  his  wound  would  probably  prove  fatal  if  they  should  undertake 
to  remove  him,  but  if  he  would  remain  in  the  enemy's  lines  he  might 
recover.  "No,  no!"  he  replied,  "I  cannot  stay — I  prefer  death. 
Remove  me,  if  only  for  a  mile,  and,  if  I  die,  bury  me  in  some  se 
cluded  spot,  where  the  enemy  can  not  find  my  grave."  He  was  ac 
cordingly  carried  to  Chattanooga,  and,  strange  to  say,  recovered,  and 
was  with  the  regiment  at  the  battle  of  Chickamauga.  At  the  subsequent 
engagement  (Mission  Ridge),  November  25,  1863,  he  was  acting  on 
the  personal  staff  of  Gen.  Lewis. 

When  the  campaign  opened  at  Dalton,  May,  1864,  he  was  again  at 
the  head  of  his  company,  and  fought  at  Rocky  Face  Ridge  and  at 
Resaca.  On  the  28th  of  May,  Sherman  had  succeeded,  by  that  series 
of  flank  movements  already  noticed,  in  pressing  Johnston  back  beyond 
the  Hiawassee,  and  to  the  neighborhood  of  the  little  town  of  Dallas. 
Among  others  who  fell  there,  in  that  disastrous  charge  upon  the  Fed 
eral  works,  was  Capt.  McKendree.  While  gallantly  leading  his  men 
under  a  close  and  destructive  fire,  a  large  Minie-ball  pierced  his  neck, 
and  he  was  left  in  the  hands  of  the  enemy.  Some  days  after  this, 
Sherman  abandoned  Dallas,  leaving  the  Confederate  wounded  there. 
Dr.  Newberry,  Sixth  Kentucky,  was  sent  in  to  take  charge  of  them, 
and  found  them  in  a  state  of  the  most  shameful  neglect.  He  ascertained 
that  the  ball  which  had  wounded  McKendree  struck  the  spinal  column, 
producing  complete  paralysis  of  the  whole  nervous  system,  except  the 
head  and  the  organs  pertaining  thereto.  He  saw  at  once  that  his 
efforts  could  only  smooth  the  way  to  the  grave;  but  he  addressed  him 
self  at  once  to  the  task,  and  did  all  he  could  to  allevia-te  the  sufferings 
and  quiet  the  mind  of  his  departing  friend,  who,  convinced  himself 
that. there  was  no  hope,  said  to  the  surgeon,  whom  he  regarded  with 
more  than  common  favor  : 

' '  I  know  that  very  soon  I  shall  die.  I  may  live  through  to-day — 
perhaps  to-night — then  I  shall  be  no  more.  Pay  particular  attention, 
and  remember  all  that  I  tell  you.  You  are  my  dearest,  only  earthly 
comforter  now,  and  you  must  stay  by  me  and  render  my  last  moments 

as  pleasant  as  you  can I  want  to  tell  you  how  my  business 

matters  must  be  arranged." 

After  giving  directions  as  to  these  things,  he  called  the  surgeon  by 
his  familiar  name,  and  said  : 

"  I  want  you  to  have  my  Bible Tell  my  men  that  I  never 


CAPT.   DAVID   C.   WALKER. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  503 

had  one  of  them  punished  in  any  way  without  feeling  sorry  that  duty 

compelled  me  to  do  it,  and  that  I  love  them  all Write  to  my 

dear  old  mother  and  tell  her  how  I  have  lived I  am  content 

to  die.  When  I  am  dead,  write  to  Mr.  Harvey  and  tell  him  to  carry 
my  body  home  to  mother.  Under  present  circumstances,  bury  me 
here,  in  such  manner  as  you  see  fit."  When  asked  if  he  desired  a 
minister,  he  replied:  "  No;  he  could  do  me  no  good.  Death  has  lost 
its  terrors  for  me.  I  am  not  afraid."  Certain  of  his  men  obtained 
leave  to  visit  him,  to  whom  he  said,  on  their  parting  with  him — not  in 
a  vindictive  tone,  but  with  the  expression  of  one  who  felt  it  the  duty 
of  all  to  resist  to  the  death — "  Boys,  I  want  you  to  fight  the  Yankees 
as  long  as  there  is  one  of  you  left  to  fire  a  gun." 

On  the  morning  of  June  6,  1864,  he  died.  Of  all  men  in  his  own 
regiment,  he  might  best  have  been  called  "  the  well  beloved."  When 
his  death  was  announced,  those  stern  veterans  paused  to  pay  a  tribute 
to  his  memory.  A  meeting  was  called,  and  resolutions  passed,  de 
claring  that  the  cause  had  sustained  the  loss  of  one  of  its  bravest,  best, 
and  most  earnest  defenders;  Kentucky,  one  of  her  most  chivalrous 
sons ;  society,  one  of  its  ornaments ;  the  regiment  one  of  its  most 
genial  companions  and  a  gallant  leader,  and  that  his  brethren  in  arms 
would  wear  a  badge  of  mourning  for  thirty  days. 

CAPT.  DAVID  C.  WALKER. 

He  was  the  son  of  Dr.  A.  S.  and  Mrs.  M.  M.  (McReynolds) 
Walker,  and  was  born  in  Scottville,  Ky.,  December  5th,  1837.  His 
family,  in  the  line  of  both  parents,  was  of  that  Revolutionary  and 
pioneer  stock  that  has  so  deeply  impressed  Kentucky  history.  His 
father,  a  prominent  practitioner  at  Scottville,  and  a  public-spirited, 
influential  citizen,  was  descended  from  the  Walkers  and  Holcombs  of 
Albemarle  County,  Va.  He  was  a  grandson  of  George  Walker,  who 
came  from  England  and  settled  in  Virginia,  and  afterward  served  in 
the  Continental  army.  The  grandfather  of  David  Walker  was  among 
the  early  settlers  of  Kentucky,  and  members  of  the  family  have  occupied 
various  positions  cf  honor  and  trust  in  this  and  other  States.  The  an 
cestors  on  the  mother's  side  were  Scotch  Presbyterians  who,  on  com 
ing  to  America,  settled  first  in  Maryland,  then  in  Kentucky. 

Capt.  Walker  was  reared  in  Scottville,  where  he  received  his  earlier 
education ;  entered  Bethel  College,  Russellville,  in  his  seventeenth 
year;  and  graduated  there  in  1858.  He  then  read  law  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1860.  When  the  sectional  trouble  resulted  in 
war,  his  ardent  nature  led  him  to  take  up  arms ;  and  both  his  associa 
tions  and  his  study  of  the  principles  and  polity  upon  which  the  fathers 


504  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

of  the  Republic  had  founded  it,  led  him  without  hesitation  to  volun 
teer  in  defense  of  the  Confederate  States.  He  enlisted  in  Co.  F,  Sixth 
Kentucky  Infantry;  was  soon  afterward  made  regimental  quartermas 
ter,  with  the  rank  of  captain,  and  served  as  such  till  the  reorganiza 
tion  of  the  regiment,  May  loth,  1862,  when  he  attached  himself  to 
Co.  I,  and  was  elected  second  lieutenant;  and  was  promoted  to  first 
lieutenant,  December  i6th,  1862. 

He  was  on  the  field  during  the  battle  of  Shiloh  in  his  capacity  as 
quartermaster  and  in  charge  of  detail  with  the  supply  train ;  fought  as 
a  line  officer  at  Vicksburg  and  Baton  Rouge,  commanding  the  com 
pany  in  the  latter  engagement,  his  ranking  officers  being  on  sick  leave 
when  the  expedition  began ;  fought  also  at  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  and  Resaca.  In  the  charge  at 
Stone  River  he  was  wounded  in  the  right  leg,  and  at  Resaca  he  lost 
his  left  arm.  When  he  recovered  sufficiently  to  enter  upon  duty  of 
any  kind  he  reported  to  Col.  Cofer,  then  provost  marshal-general  of 
the  Army  of  Tennessee,  who  assigned  him  to  provost  duty  at  Ameri- 
cus,  Ga. ,  in  which  capacity  he  served  till  the  war  closed. 

Returning  to  Scottville  soon  after  the  surrender,  he  resumed  the 
practice  of  law ;  in  1866  he  was  elected  County  Attorney  of  Allen 
County;  at  the  close  of  his  term,  1868,  he  located  in  Franklin,  Simp 
son  County,  where  he  continued  practice;  and  in  1872  he  was  elected 
Commonwealth's  Attorney  for  the  Fifth  Judicial  District,  to  which  po 
sition  he  was  reflected  in  1874.  In  1883  he  was  elected  to  represent 
Simpson  County  in  the  Lower  House  of  the  Legislature.  In  1888  he 
was  delegate  to  the  National  Democratic  Convention  which  was  held 
in  St.  Louis.  At  the  time  of  his  death  (which  occurred  at  his  home, 
January  loth,  1895),  he  was  chairman  of  the  Third  Congressional 
District  Democratic  Committee,  having  been  for  several  years  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Central  Committee. 

March  29,  1870,  he  married  Miss  Ellen,  a  daughter  of  William  H. 
McGoodwin,  who,  with  three  daughters  and  a  son,  survives  him  ;  and 
it  is  of  his  home  life  that  those  who  knew  him  well  speak  with  an  ad 
miration  befitting  the  warm  encomiums  which  they  bestow  upon  his 
character  as  a  soldier,  a  public  officer,  and  a  man  of  business.  ' '  It 
was  in  the  domestic  relation,"  says  one,  ' '  that  his  character  was  per 
haps  most  beautifully  exhibited.  Home  to  him  meant  all  that  is  bound 
up  in  the  word.  As  a  husband  and  a  father  he  filled  his  place  most 
nobly."  And  his  widow,  writing  in  answer  to  one  who  had  asked  about 
him,  said:  "I  am  glad  you  remember  him  kindly,  and,  I  trust,  lov 
ingly,  in  the  turmoil  and  confusion  of  life.  I  cannot  bear  to  think  of 
him  as  forgotten  by  his  comrades,  for  he  was  so  true  to  them  and  so 
fond  of  them  that  I  hope  he  will  always  live  in  their  hearts.  The  grave 


CAPT.  JOHN   B.  PIRTLE. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  505 

never  closed  over  a  more  faithful  friend;  and  to  miss  the  beautiful  sim 
plicity  and  tenderness  which  characterized  his  home  life  makes  our 
house  lonely  indeed." 

And  the  following  is  from  the  pen  of  a  sincere  man,  and  an  admirer 
of  those  elements  of  character  which  distinguish  one  among  his  fel 
lows  :  "To  all  lovers  of  true  manhood,  the  death  of  Capt.  Walker  is 
in  the  nature  of  a  personal  bereavement.  A  square  fighter  and  a  faith 
ful  friend,  a  man  of  the  utmost  rectitude  of  private  character  and  in 
public  capacities,  he  lived  out  his  life,  serving  his  God  and  his  people, 
and  died  beloved  and  honored.  Verily,  the  fragrance  of  memories  such 
as  these  perfumes  the  pathway  of  life,  and  blesses  the  world." 

When  the  news  of  his  death  had  gone  abroad,  messages  of  sympathy 
and  condolence  to  the  bereaved  family  indicated  the  esteem  in  which  he 
was  held  by  his  comrades-in-arms,  the  members  of  the  bar,  ministers  and 
members  of  his  church  (Presbyterian,)  prominent  business  men,  officers 
of  State,  and  others;  and  Gen.  Buckner  under  whom  he  had  served  and 
who  knew  his  worth,  attended  his  funeral  and  joined  his  assembled 
comrades  afterward  in  organizing  a  camp  of  Confederate  Veterans 
which  they  named  in  his  honor,  Camp  Walker. 

CAPT.  JOHN  B.   PIRTLE. 

Enlisting  in  Co.  B,  Ninth  Kentucky  Infantry,  as  a  private  soldier, 
he  served  in  the  ranks  till  after  the  battle  of  Shiloh.  Here,  however, 
the  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  of  the  young  soldier  was  so  marked 
as  to  attract  the  attention  of  Col.  Trabue,  commanding  the  brigade, 
who  shortly  afterward  had  him  detailed  as  clerk  in  his  adjutant-general's 
office,  and  for  some  time  during  the  next  two  months  he  was  recog 
nized  as  aide-de-camp  on  Trabue's  staff.  At  Vicksburg,  in  July,  1862, 
he  was  assigned,  on  application  of  Col.  Orr,  as  adjutant  of  his  regi 
ment,  the  Thirty-first  Mississippi  Infantry,  and  recommended  for  ap 
pointment  to  the  position. 

At  Baton  Rouge,  he  was  acting  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  Thirty-first 
Mississippi,  and  was  complimented,  after  the  battle,  for  gallantry  and 
skill.  He  was  then  recommended  by  Col.  Orr,  Col.  Trabue,  and  Gen. 
Breckinridge,  for  a  commission  in  the  Regular  Army  of  the  Confeder 
ate  States.  When  the  Kentucky  Brigade  started  north,  September, 

1862,  he  gave  up  his  position  with  Col.  Orr,  and  went  to  Knoxville 
with  Col.   Trabue,  as  temporary  aide.     He  here  obtained  authority 
from  Gen.  Breckinridge,  based  upon  an  order  from  the  War  Office,  to 
raise  a  company  of  infantry  in  Kentucky,  and  set  out  for  that  purpose 
in  advance  of  the  division,  but  returned  with  Bragg's  army.   In  March, 

1863,  he  was  commissioned  by  the  president  second  lieutenant  for 


506  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

"  valor  and  skill,"  and  assigned  to  Co.  D,  Fourth  Kentucky,  but  was 
immediately  thereafter  made  additional  aide-de-camp  and  provost 
marshal  for  Gen.  Helm,  and  served  in  this  capacity  till  the  death  of 
that  officer. 

When  the  army  went  into  winter  quarters  at  Dalton,  he  was  assigned 
to  duty  with  Col.  Cofer  as  adjutant  of  the  post;  and  when  the  spring 
campaign  opened,  he  was  chosen  for  staff  duty  with  Gen.  Bate,  and 
was  afterward  promoted  to  be  captain  and  A.  A.  G.  He  served  with 
Bate  during  the  remainder  of  the  war.  He  took  part  in  the  various 
battles  from  Baton  Rouge  to  Jonesboro',  and  those  of  the  Nashville 
campaign,  and  was  wounded  at  Resaca  and  Jonesboro'. 

At  Chickamauga,  he  was  with  Gen.  Helm  when  he  fell,  and  after 
assisting  in  removing  him  to  the  field  hospital  and  placing  him  in  com 
petent  and  careful  hands,  he  returned  to  act  as  aide  to  Gen.  Lewis, 
who  complimented  him  in  his  report  of  the  battle.  He  and  acting 
aide-de-camp  Wallace  Herr  carried  dispatches  at  one  time  during  the 
day,  without  hesitation,  through  a  veritable  fiery  tempest,  where 
neither  cover  nor  advantage  of  ground  could  be  had,  in  a  manner  that 
won  the  admiration  of  all  who  beheld  it. 

He  was  born  in  Louisville,  May  iyth,  1842,  so  that  when  he  re 
turned  to  private  pursuits,  at  the  close  of  that  wonderful  four  years' 
struggle,  with  an  honorable  record  and  bearing  the  scars  of  battle,  he 
was  but  twenty-three  years  of  age.  In  1866  he  was  made  State  Agent 
for  Kentucky  of  the  Traveler's  Insurance  Company,  his  territory 
being  afterward  extended  to  cover  the  entire  South,  east  of  the  Mis 
sissippi  River,  of  which  he  had  control  for  many  years,  though  of  late 
he  has  voluntarily  given  up  much  of  this  because  the  labor  was  exact 
ing  beyond  his  strength.  He  was  married,  February  26th,  1874,  to 
Miss  Mary  Belle  Thomas,  a  daughter  of  John  H.  Thomas,  who  was 
for  many  years  the  leading  wholesale  hardware  merchant  in  the  city. 
They  have  two  living  children,  a  son  and  daughter. 

He  was  one  of  the  men  who  in  1880  reorganized  the  People's  Bank 
of  Kentucky  and  was  a  director  until  1895,  when  its  affairs  were 
woundup;  is  now  a  director  in  the  Louisville  Trust  Company;  vice- 
president  of  the  National  Building  and  Loan  Association  of  Louis 
ville ;  and  president  of  the  Ellander  Coal  and  Iron  Company. 

His  father  was  a  prominent  physician  of  Louisville,  and  the  family 
on  both  sides  was  of  the  old  Revolutionary  stock,  coming  to  Ken 
tucky  from  the  valley  of  Virginia  after  that  war. 


ADJUTANT  THOMAS  E.  MOSS. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN   HRIGADE.  507 


ADJT,  THOMAS  E.  MOSS. 

The  twelfth  of  Capt.  Tom  Moss's  thirteen  children,  the  subject  of  f 
this  sketch,  was  born  in  Greene  County,  Ky.,  March  i4thr  1840.     He 
was  younger  by  nearly  twenty  years  than  his  brother,  Col.  James  W. 
Moss,  whose  biography  is  given  on  preceding  pages. 

He  was  educated  chiefly  in  the  schools  of  his  native  county,  but 
graduated  at  the  Louisville  Law  School  in  ,1860,  and  began  practice  in 
Paducah  that  year. 

When  Captain  (afterward  Colonel)  Moss  began  the  enlistment  of 
troops  for  the  Southern  service,  he  was  among  the  first  to  enrolLhim- 
self  a  member  of  that  splendid  hndy  nf  Hir.kninn  and  JJallard  County  - 
men  that  soon  afterward  became  Co.  A  of  the  Second  Kentucky  In 
fantry.     When  Graves  was  transferred  to  the  artillery,  Lieut.  Thos.  E. 
Stake,  of  Co.  E,  became  the  acting  adjutant,  but  upon  Hanson's  pro 
motion  as  brigadier,  Stake  was  appointed  to  the  staff,  and  young  Moss 
was  commissioned  first  lieutenant  and  adjutant  of  the  regiment,  which 
position  he  helcLduring  the  remainder  of  the  war.     His  battles  were 
the  battles  of  his  company,  and  these  comprised  all  in  which  the  Ken 
tucky  Brigade  took  part  except  Shiloh,  at  3i'hich,lime  h^e.,was_con fined 
in  a  northern  prison.;  and  his   gallantry    was   conspicuous,  as  became 
fthe  warlike  ancestors   from   whom  he  sprang.     At  Donclson  he-was  I 
among  the  forenw>&t of  those,  who-charged  and  captured  the  battery-err  I 
Buckners-tefr. 

At  Hartsville  he  was  one  of  the  sixteen  men  to  charge  the  battery 
which  the  enemy  had  begun  to  make  effective,  and  to  capture  it. 

At  this  time,  seeing  further  resistance  useless,  Col.  Moore  handed 
his  sword  to  Moss,  who  returned  it,  and  then  mounted  an  artillery 
horse  to  ride  to  Gen.  Hanson  or  Gen.  Morgan  and  announce  that  when 
his  battery  was  silenced  the  Federal  officer  surrendered. 

At  Stone  River  he  was  wounded  and  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  enemy. 
From  Murfreesboro,  where  he  was  kept  for  some  time,  he  was  sent  to 
Louisville,  thence,  in  April,  to  Fort  Delaware,  where  he  remained  until 
the  24th  of  May.  He  was  then  sent  with  thirty-five  other  officers  and 
many  private  soldiers  to  City  Point,  on  board  the  Maple  Leaf,  to  be 
exchanged,  but  some  trouble  arose  to  prevent  the  exchange  of  half  the 
officers  on  board,  and  he  was  one  of  the  eighteen  upon  which  the  lot 
fell  to  go  back  to  prison. 

When  the  vessel  set  out  on  the  return  trip,  he  and  a  Capt.  Simms  ar 
ranged  a  plan  to  overpower  the  officers  and  guards  and  escape  to  land. 
Simms  was  to  look  to  the  upper  and  Moss  to  the  lower  deck ;  and  the 
plot  was  communicated  to  a  sufficient  number  of  those  who  were  not 


508  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

crippled  or  had  so  recovered  as  to  be  able  to  go  on  foot  through  the 
country.  When  the  time  set  for  the  attack  was  too  near  at  hand  to 
allow  of  communication  with  Simms,  most  of  the  men  upon  whom  he 
had  relied  declined  to  take  the  risk;  but  he  determined  not  to  disap 
point  his  coadjutors  on  the  upper  deck,  and  he  and  one  Sergt.  Swayne 
promptly  opened  the  fight — Moss  breaking  one  of  his  crutches  over  the 
head  of  a  guardsman.  The  determined  onset  and  the  uproar  above 
and  below  had  the  effect  of  reassuring  the  more  timid  prisoners,  and 
the  officers  and  guards  were  overcome.  The  vessel  was  run  to  the 
shore  near  the  lighthouse  on  Cape  Henry.  Twenty-three  unarmed 
Confederates  had  succeeded  in  capturing  many  more  than  their  own 
number,  whom  they  paroled.  The  sick  and  seriously  crippled  had  to 
be  left  on  the  vessel;  but  the  rest  hurriedly  set  out  for  Richmond, 
which  they  reached  in  safety  though  the  alarm  spread  in  a  short  time 
and  efforts  were  made  to  recapture  them. 

He  rejoined  his  regiment  in  time  and  was  sufficiently  recovered  to 
take  part  in  the  expedition  to  relieve  Pemberton  at  Vicksburg  and  in 
the  fighting  at  Jackson.     At  the  latter  place,  he  boldly  assumed  the  di 
rection  of  a  battery,  which  seemed  to  be  improperly  handled  at  an  im 
portant  crisis,  and  broke  the  charge  of  the  Federals  to  force  the  left 
/enter  of  the  Confederate  line. 
He  was  wounded  five  times  and  twice  a  prisoner,  spending  in  all  I 
more  than  eleven  months  in  the  hands  of  the  enemy. 

At  the  close  of  the  war  he  returned  to  Paducah  and  resumed  the 
practice  of  law.  Soon  afterward  he  was  elected  Commonwealth's  at 
torney;  in  1859  he  was  elected  to  represent  McCracken  County  in  the 
legislature;  was  elected  attorney-general  in  1875;  and  at  the  end  of 
his  four-year  term,  1879,  was  again  chosen  to  represent  his  county  in 
the  legislature. 

During  his  first  term  in  the  General  Assembly  he  married  the  daugh 
ter  of  Hon.  Jesse  D.  Bright,  one  of  the  United  Sates  Senators  for  In 
diana,  from  which  State  he  had  removed  to  Kentucky  during  the  war 
because  of  his  opposition  to  the  coercive  policy  of  the  United  States,  to 
which  Indiana  was  so  unequivocally  committed. 

LIEUT.  KELLER  ANDERSON. 

.[SUBSEQUENTLY   BRIGADIER-GENERAL  ON   THE  STAFF   OF  GOV.   BUCHANAN  AND 
LATE  COLONEL  OF  THE  SECOND  REGIMENT  OF  TENNESSEE  TROOPS,  N.  G.] 

I  am  indebted  to  a  friend  for  the  following  excellent  sketch  of  a 
Kentuckian  who  since  the  war  has  nobly  done  his  part  as  an  adopted 
citizen  of  another  State  in  maintaining  the  good  name  and  enhancing 
the  fame  of  the  Orphan  Brigade  : 


LIEUT.  KELLER    ANDERSON. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  509 

"  He  is  a  Kentuckian  by  birth,  a  Tennesseean  by  adoption,  and  by 
every  instinct  of  his  nature  a  soldier.  His  father,  John  Miller  Ander 
son,  was  born  in  Culpeper  County,  Va.  His  mother,  Helena  Pope, 
was  a  Kentuckian.  Keller  was  their  fifth  son,  and  was  born  Septem 
ber  21,  1842,  in  Cynthiana,  Ky.,  where  he  grew  up.  In  May,  1860, 
we  find  him  a  corporal  in  a  company  of  militia  known  as  the  "Bour 
bon  Guards,"  in  Paris,  Ky.,  where  he  had  a  sister  living.  April  22, 
1 86 1,  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  Co.  C  (Capt.  Jo  Desha),  First  Ken 
tucky  Infantry,  C.  S.  A.,  that  went  to  Virginia  at  the  beginning  of 
hostilities,  under  Blanton  Duncan  and  Thomas  H.  Taylor.  On  July 
i3th  of  that  year  he  was  promoted  to  "lance  sergeant,"  and  served  in 
Virginia  from  April,  1861,  to  May,  1862,  when  the  time  of  the  regi 
ment  expired.  He  immediately  reenlisted  and  served  three  months 
under  Capt.  Shawhan,  First  Battalion  Kentucky  Cavalry,  in  South 
western  Virginia.  During  Bragg's  Kentucky  campaign  he  served  with 
the  battalion  then  under  command  of  Capt.  Jo  Desha,  as  a  member 
of  the  company  afterward  designated  I,  Ninth  Kentucky  Infantry, 
and  of  which  he  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  September  22,  1862. 
In  August,  1864,  he  became  first  lieutenant  by  promotion,  Lieut.  Fish- 
back  having  died  of  a  wound  received  at  Intrenchment  Creek.  Capt. 
Desha  (as  noted  elsewhere)  was  permanently  disabled  at  Dallas,  and 
Anderson  now  took  command  of  the  company  and  led  it  gallantly  and 
with  soldierly  skill  until  March,  1865.  This  company  bore  the  same 
designation  in  the  Fifth  Kentucky,  to  which  it  was  assigned  in  August, 
1863,  while  on  detached  and  special  service  in  the  mountains  about 
Abingdon,  Va. 

"  In  March,  1865,  he  was  ordered  to  Kentucky  with  sealed  instruc 
tions  for  secret  service,  which  proved  to  be  recruiting  within  the 
enemy's  lines;  but  it  was  too  late  for  even  so  bold  and  discreet  an 
officer  as  he  to  effect  anything,  as  the  end  soon  came,  and  on  the  26th 
of  May,  1865,  he  surrendered  to  Col.  Buckley  of  the  Federal  army, 
at  New  Castle,  Ky.,  and  was  paroled.  This  officer  demanded  that 
his  horse  and  equipments  be  given  up,  contrary  to  terms  granted  by 
Gen.  Sherman;  but  he  was  allowed  to  retain  his  side  arms.  He  par 
ticipated  in  the  following  battles:  Dranesville,  Va.,  the  three  weeks 
siege  at  Dam  No.  i,  Yorktown,  Va. ,  Hartsville,  Tenn.,  Stone  River, 
Chickamauga  (was  wounded  in  the  shoulder  there ;  and  lost  a  brother, 
the  gallant  Ensign  Robert  Clinton  Anderson,  who  first  planted  the 
(  olors  on  the  enemy's  breastworks  but  gave  up  his  brave  young  life  in 
the  act),  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Chattahoochee  River,  Kenesaw  Mountain, 
Pine  Mountain  (saw  the  gallant  Gen.  Polk  fall);  Peachtree  Creek, 
Intrenchment  Creek,  Utoy  Creek,  Jonesboro',  in  the  mounted  engage 
ments  at  Sandersville,  Griswoldville,  Buckhead  Church — in  fact,  in  all 


510  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

that  occurred  in  the  campaign  preceding  the  fall  of  Atlanta  and  on  the 
march  to  the  sea.  He  received  three  wounds,  all  in  the  left  arm  and 
shoulder.  He  still  carries  a  ball  flattened  against  the  bone  under  the 
fore  arm,  which  is  plainly  discernable  by  touch,  though  it  gives  him 
but  little  trouble.  In  a  skirmish  near  Cassville,  Ga.,  May  19,  1864,  a 
small  Bible  in  his  left  breast  pocket  caught  a  Minie-ball  which  passed 
through  four-fifths  of  the  thickness  of  the  book,  and  tore  out  a  top, 
leaving  him  scathless  but  from  the  shock,  which  threw  him  to  the 
ground,  sickened  and  stunned,  with  a  very  distinct  feeling  '  that  the 
wind  was  blowing  entirely  through  his  body.'  This  Bible  is  a  treas 
ured  and  sacred  souvenir  in  his  family. 

"  His  chief  source  of  pride  is  that  he  was  a  member  of  the  famous 
Orphan  Brigade.  He  came  south  immediately  after  the  war  closed 
(in  fact,  started  to  Mexico  to  join  many  of  his  comrades  who  felt  that 
they  could  not  live  in  the  United  States) ;  was  stopped  by  accident  at 
Helena,  Ark. ;  became  interested  there,  and  engaged  in  agricultural 
pursuits  near  that  place,  where  he  married,  in  1869,  Miss  Jean  Rob 
ertson,  the  daughter  of  Hon.  James  Robertson  of  that  State.  The 
latter,  a  born  and  bred  Scotchman,  had  but  recently  made  his  home 
in  Middle  Tennessee.  Mrs.  Anderson  is  therefore  a  Tennesseean. 
Her  mother's  maiden  name  was  Anne  Lewis  Dale.  She  was  descended 
from  the  Dales  of  Colonial  and  Revolutionary  fame  in  Virginia  and 
Maryland ;  from  the  Lewis  and  Taylor  families  of  Virginia ;  and  from 
the  patriot  Moores  of  North  Carolina. 

"In  1872  Keller  Anderson  located  in  Memphis,  Tenn.,  and  has 
since  made  his  home  there,  engaging  in  mercantile  pursuits  with  fair 
success  from  a  business  standpoint.  His  rugged  probity,  high  moral 
character,  and  stern  integrity  have  won  for  him  the  absolute  confi 
dence  of  his  fellow-men.  His  early  military  training,  in  the  school  of 
real  warfare,  has  lent  a  coloring  or  bent  to  his  whole  life,  as  he  has 
been  connected  in  some  capacity  with  the  State  militia  ever  since  com 
ing  to  reside  in  Memphis.  He  was  for  a  time  captain  of  the  justly 
famous  '  Chickasaw  Guards ;'  also  held  a  gubernatorial  commission  on 
the  staff  of  Gov.  Buchanan,  with  rank  of  brigadier-general ;  and  is  now 
colonel  of  the  Second  Regiment,  N.  G.  S.  T.  During  the  mining 
troubles  at  Coal  Creek,  Tenn.,  1891-2-3,  he  was  specially  commis 
sioned  to  raise  troops  sufficient  to  quell  the  riotous  mob  and  maintain 
the  law.  He  was  stationed  at  that  point  for  two  years  in  command  of 
a  garrison  of  three  companies ;  and  his  experiences  there  were  parallel 
to  those  of  many  famed  heroes  of  frontier  warfare,  enduring  with  his 
men  hardships  and  dangers  equal  to  those  he  bore  for  the  Confederacy. 
Much  has  been  said  and  written  in  regard  to  his  heroism  while  a  pris 
oner  (entrapped  under  a  flag  of  truce),  for  two  days  in  the  hands  of 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  511 

the  infuriated  miners,  who  threatened  him  with  instant  and  igno 
minious  death — subjecting  him  to  cruelties  and  indignities  worthy  of 
barbarians — in  their  efforts  to  secure  an  order  for  the  surrender  of  his 
troops.  All  this  he  met  calmly  and  with  positive  and  persistent  refusal, 
daring  them  to  do  their  worst.  It  is  believed  that  his  steadfast  courage 
and  intrepid  bearing  overawed  them  and  appealed  to  the  better  in 
stincts  of  their  leaders,  who  by  strategy  slipped  him  away  to  the  moun 
tains,  where  he  was  finally  rescued  by  the  large  reinforcements  sent 
from  all  quarters  of  the  State  to  his  rescue.  The  public  press  was  for 
a  time  filled  with  the  details  (all  in  his  praise),  and  it  was  the  sensation 
of  the  hour,  even  beyond  our  own  continent.  Letters  of  commenda 
tion  and  congratulation  poured  in  upon  him  from  most  of  the  States  of 
the  Union,  and  even  from  France,  Austria,  Italy,  Scotland  and 
Canada ;  but  he,  the  hero  of  the  hour,  dodged  reporters,  modestly  re 
fusing  to  be  lionized  and  to  talk  of  himself;  earnestly  protesting  that 
he  had  done  but  his  duty,  and  had  simply  followed  the  only  course 
possible  for  a  soldier;  nevertheless,  his  soldierly  record  is  held  up  as  a 
model  in  military  journals  and  circles. 

"  He  has  given  evidence  of  literary  possibilities  if  he  cared  to  turn 
his  pen  to  that  account.  His  '  Rebel  Yell '  written  several  years  ago — 
and  accidentally  in  print — has  been  copied  and  republished  at  frequent 
intervals  in  journals  in  all  sections  of  the  country;  and  has  brought  him 
Mattering  offers  for  other  productions,  from  many  publishers,  to  all  of 
^vhich  he  turns  a  deaf  ear.  Subsequently  to  1893  he  held  a  govern 
ment  office  in  the  revenue  department.  He  has  two  children,  a  son 
(Claude  Desha  Anderson,  who  has  inherited  the  martial  spirit  of  his 
father;  is  first  lieutenant  of  the  Chickasaw  Guards;  and  holds  a  high 
position  of  trust  and  responsibility  in  the  Mercantile  Bank  of  Memphis  ; 
has  lately  married ;  and  his  genial  nature  and  upright  character  have 
won  him  hosts  of  friends), — and  a  fair  little  daughter,  Jean  Keller,  who 
worships  her  soldier  father." 

A  man  like  Gen.  Anderson  reflects  honor  not  only  upon  his  family 
but  upon  his  native  State.  Sternly  devoted  to  duty,  defiant  of  danger, 
faithful  in  all  the  relations  of  life, — his  example  is  an  inspiration  to  those 
who  are  to  make  our  future  citizens.  With  what  deep  interest  his  old 
comrades  watched  each  new  development  in  that  episode  in  his  life 
(the  mining  troubles),  when  he  added  a  new  chapter  to  the  annals  of 
heroic  Kentuckians,  can  be  fully  appreciated  only  by  those  who  know 
ho\v  much  they  feel  that  each  one  is  in  a  certain  sense  his  brother's 
keeper,  to  be  made  ashamed  if  he  fail  under  trial ;  to  be  proud  of 
him  if  he  enchance  the  just  renown  which  they  won  together  in  arms. 


512  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 


LIEUT.  JOHN  W.  GREENE. 

John  Wm.  Greene  is  the  son  of  Jesse  L.  and  Caroline  (Cannon) 
Greene,  and  was  born  in  Grant  County,  Ky.,  August  8th,  1842.  His 
opportunities  for  acquiring  education  were  limited  to  the  common 
schools  of  the  day,  with  such  attendance  as  a  boy  has  who  is  regarded 
as  an  indispensable  farmhand  after  he  is  twelve  years  old,  with  the 
privilege  of  going -to  school  during  spare  months,  if  any  occur  between 
cropping  seasons. 

The  Greenes  and  Cannons  of  Kentucky  were  of  the  Virginia  families 
of  those  names  who  came  from  Europe  in  the  early  history  of  Virginia 
and  settled  in  Culpeper  County,  whence  members  of  them  emigrated 
to  this  State,  after  the  Revolutionary  War. 

In  his  twentieth  year  (1862),  John  W.  Greene  enlisted  for  the  ser 
vice  of  the  Confederate  States,  joining  Co.  C,  Fifth  Kentucky  Infan 
try.  When  the  company  was  organized  he  was  appointed  second 
sergeant,  October,  1862;  was  subsequently  promoted  to  first  ser 
geant,  August  3oth,  1863  ;  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  January  i5th. 
1864;  and  promoted  to  first  lieutenant,  June  i8th,  1864. 

From  the  time  of  enlistment  till  he  was  maimed  for  life,  his  service 
in  general  was  the  hard  service  of  that  steadfast  regiment,  his  battles 
were  the  many  in  which  it  never  failed  to  do  its  part.  He  fought  ac 
Chickamauga  and  Mission  Ridge ;  then  on  the  long  and  celebrated 
Dalton-Atlanta  campaign,  he  was  daily  and  nightly  present  for  duty 
on  outpost,  in  the  skirmish,  in  battle,  and  bravely  and  uncomplain 
ingly  he  bore  himself  as  became  a  Kentuckian.  He  fought  at  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  then  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at 
Peachtree  Creek,  Intrenchment  Creek,  Utoy  Creek,  and  in  the  opera 
tions  inside  the  works  during  the  siege.  In  the  desperate  charge  at 
Jonesboro',  Ga.,  August  3ist,  1864,  he  was  so  badly  wounded  in  a 
leg  as  to  necessitate  its  amputation  next  morning,  thus  disabling  him 
for  further  field  service.  He  was  nominally  connected  with  his  regi 
ment,  however,  until  it  was  surrendered. 

During  the  spring  and  summer  of  1865,  he  taught  a  school  in  Perry 
County,  Ala. ;  returning  that  autumn  to  Owen  County,  Ky.,  he  again 
taught  for  awhile.  In  1866,  the  General  Assembly  having  repealed 
the  expatriation  act,  and  thus  restored  the  franchise  to  the  ex-Con 
federates  of  Kentucky,  he  was  elected  sheriff  of  Owen  County,  and  in 
1869  was  reflected.  Dv.  0  ms  incumbency  of  this  office,  and  after 
the  expiration  of  the  four  years,  he  studied  law,  and  in  1871  was 
licensed.  He  began  practice  in  Owenton.  In  1874,  he  associated 
himself  with  Wm.  Lindsay,  and  the  partnership  was  maintained  for 


LIEUT.  JOHN   W.  GREENE.^ 


LIEUT.  ROBERT  A.  THOMSON. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  KRIf'.ADE.  613 

some  years.  In  1875  he  was  elected  county  judge,  and  served  as  such 
for  four  years. 

In  1889  the  governor  appointed  him  a  member  of  the  State  Board 
of  Equalization;  in  1891  he  was  re-appointed;  but  in  1892  he  resigned 
to  become  a  candidate  for  Judge  of  the  Circuit  Court  for  the  Fifteenth 
Judicial  District,  to  which  he  was  elected  in  August  of  that  year.  The 
first  term  under  the  new  constitution  was  for  only  five  years ;  but  in 
1897  he  was  elected  for  the  ensuing  six-year  term,  beginning  the  first 
Monday  in  January,  1898. 

He  has  long  been  a  consistent  member  of  the  Baptist  Church  and  an 
Odd  Fellow  in  good  standing. 

He  has  been  twice  married — the  first  time  to  Miss  Margaret  M. 
Gaines  (of  a  Henry  County  family),  December,  1870.  This  lady  died 
February  22,  1882,  and  nearly  three  years  afterward  (October,  1884), 
he  married  Mrs.  Ada  (Howard)  Williams,  a  member  of  the  Howard 
family  of  Gallatin  County. 

With  meager  opportunities  to  acquire  an  education  and  little  en 
couragement  to  strive  for  distinction  in  any  line,  Judge  Greene  never 
theless  followed  the  promptings  of  ambition,  and  when  but  little  past 
his  majority,  he  had  found  "the  bubble  reputation  even  at  the  can 
non's  mouth."  In  civil  life  he  has  filled  various  public  places  with 
satisfaction  to  his  people  and  honor  to  himself — arriving  at  length  to 
high  judicial  station.  A  brave,  hardy,  and  stern  young  soldier,  and 
an  industrious,  conscientious,  and  incorruptible  civil  officer,  he  early 
won  and  still  retains  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  his  old  comrades 
and  other  fellow-citizens. 


LIEUT.    ROBERT  A.  THOMSON: 

[SUBSEQUENTLY  JUDGE  OF  THE  FRANKLIN  COUNTY  COURT  FOR    EIGHTEEN  YEARS.] 

Robert  Alexander  Thomson  was  the  only  child  of  David  and  Eliza 
(Beatty)  Thomson,  natives  of  WToodford  and  Scott  Counties  respect 
ively.  He  was  born  in  Woodford  County,  August  22d,  1828.  His 
grandfather,  David  Thomson,  was  a  soldier  in  the  Revolutionary 
urmy,  from  Louisa  County,  Va.  He  immigrated  to  Woodford  seven 
or  eight  years  after  the  war,  and  settled  on  Glen's  Creek. 

Having  received  preparatory  instruction  in  the  schools  of  Woodford, 
the  subject  of  this  sketch  entered  Georgetown  College  at  the  age  of 
fifteen,  and  remained  there  two  years.  He  next  took  a  course  in  the 
Military  School  at  Drennon  Springs,  where  he  graduated  in  1842.  In 
1851  (January  16),  he  married  Miss  Lavinia  Wingate,  daughter  of 
Isaac  Wingate,  of  Franklin  County. 

33 


514  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

In  1853,  having  previously  read  medicine  under  Dr.  Joseph  Carter, 
he  removed  to  Frankfort.  He  had  also  studied  law  for  about  eighteen 
months  under  Gov.  Porter,  at  Versailles.  When  he  came  to  Frank 
fort  he  had  graduated  in  medicine  at  the  Louisville  Medical  School. 

In  1 86 1  he  enlisted  for  the  Confederate  service  in  Co.  E,  Fourth 
Kentucky  Infantry,  and  was  elected  second  lieutenant.  He  fought  at 
Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and  Stone  River,  at  which  latter  place  he  was 
wounded ;  fought  also  at  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Mission  Ridge. 
From  December,  1863,  to  the  close  of  the  war,  he  served  as  quarter 
master  of  the  Fourth  Regiment. 

Returning  to  Frankfort  in  1865,  he  engaged  in  private  business,  but 
was  soon  afterward  elected  one  of  the  Justices  of  the  Peace  in  his  district. 
The  lower  house  of  the  legislature  of  1869-70  elected  him  doorkeeper; 
and  in  that  of  1871-72,  he  was  sergeant-at-arms.  In  1870  he  was 
elected  Judge  of  the  Franklin  County  Court,  and  was  several  times 
successively  reflected,  serving  continuously  till  1889.  He  died  Octo 
ber  23d,  1890. 

He  was  a  brave  and  true-hearted  man,  whose  comrades  were  all  his 
friends ;  and  his  popularity  and  worth  as  a  citizen  are  attested  by  the 
manner  in  which  his  people  kept  him  in  public  office.  He  did  not 
obtain  these  by  the  arts  of  the  demagogue  but  by  the  open  candor  and 
manliness  of  the  soldier,  and  that  unstudied  kindliness  which  wins 
affectionate  regard. 

THOMAS  D.   OSBORNE. 

From  the  time  he  was  seventeen  years  old,  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
has  been  identified  with  those  who  did  service  for  the  South.  At  first 
he  was  engaged,  in  connection  with  his  father,  in  business  for  the  Con 
federate  Government;  then,  when  but  little  past  his  eighteenth  year, 
he  entered  the  ranks  and  took  part  thereafter  in  all  the  battles  of  the 
regiment  till  he  was  so  stricken  as  to  be  disabled  for  further  field  duty ; 
and  subsequent  to  the  close  of  the  war  has  always  been  ready,  in  season 
and  out  of  season,  to  do  a  comrade's  part  in  promoting  the  objects  of 
fraternal  organizations  and  maintaining  in  civil  life  the  fame  that  Ken- 
tuckians  won  during  those  years  of  privation  and  sanguinary  conflict. 
He  has  long  been  the  secretary  of  the  Orphan  Brigade  Association, 
the  keeper  of  its  archives,  and  devoted  to  its  interests. 

Thomas  DeCoursey  Osborne,  son  of  Lee  B.  and  Ann  E.  Osborne, 
was  born  near  Owenton,  Owen  County,  Ky.,  November  8,  1844. 
His  paternal  grandfather,  Bennett  Osborne,  was  a  lieutenant  in  the 
Revolutionary  Army. 

In  1846,  the  family  removed  to  Louisville,  thence,  eight  years  after- 


THOMAS  D.  OSBORNE. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  515 

ward  (1854),  to  Seymour,  Ind. ;  but  in  1859  they  went  to  Murfrees- 
boro',  Tenn.,  where  this  son  entered  Union  University,  then  presided 
over  by  Dr.  Joseph  H.  Eaton.  Among  the  students  were  Dr.  R.  W. 
Morehead,  Dr.  T.  T.  Eaton,  Dr.  H.  C.  Irby,  Dr.  Wm.  H.  Whitsitt, 
Judge  Hammond,  and  other  leading  men  of  the  South. 

When  the  war  between  the  States  opened,  the  university  closed. 
Having  engaged  with  his  father,  as  indicated  above,  till  early  in  1863, 
he  went  to  Manchester  and  enlisted  in  Co.  A,  Sixth  Kentucky  Infantry 
(February  2oth).  Thenceforth  he  was  the  good  and  brave  young  sol 
dier,  campaigning  with  his  regiment  wherever  it  was  called  to  go  and 
fighting  wherever  it  joined  battle  with  the  enemy  during  the  next  fifteen 
or  sixteen  months;  as,  at  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face,  Resaca 
and  Dallas,  he  fought  with  the  foremost.  At  the  latter  place  (May 
28th,  1864),  he  was  shot  down  and  with  others  severely  wounded  left 
on  the  field.  The  Federal  soldiers  carried  them,  after  the  Confederates 
retired,  to  New  Hope  Church,  and  placed  them  therein  on  cotton  pal 
lets,  but  soon  abandoned  them,  after  which  they  were  found  by  Sur 
geon  Xewberry  and  a  detail,  sent  to  take  charge  of  them,  in  a  sad  state 
of  neglect  and  suffering. 

Young  Osborne  was  taken  to  the  Fair  Grounds  Hospital,  Atlanta, 
later  to  Macon,  and  at  Augusta  was  honorably  retired.  His  father  and 
family  had  refugeed  South,  and  when  peace  came  they  returned  to 
some  property  at  Stevenson,  Ala.,  where  he  engaged  in  merchandising 
and  planting.  In  1868  he  became  half-owner  and  editor  of  the  New 
Era,  a  weekly  and  afterward  a  semi-weekly  Democratic  paper. 

In  1870,  by  appointment  of  Gov.  R.  B.  Lindsay,  he,  with  five  other 
commissioners,  located  and  organized  the  A.  &  M.  College  at  Auburn, 
Ala.  Through  his  instrumentality  Dr.  I.  T.  Tichenor,  an  ex-Ken- 
tuckian,  was  elected  president  of  the  college. 

September  ist,  1870,  he  was  married  in  Louisville,  Ky.,  to  Miss 
Christina  C.  Ray,  daughter  of  Col.  W.  R.  Ray.  In  1872,  his  father 
having  died,  he  moved  to  Louisville,  and  was  a  short  time  managing 
editor  of  the  Daily  Ledger.  In  1876,  associated  with  O.  H.  Rothaker 
and  W.  H.  Gardner,  he  started  the  Sunday  Argus.  In  1879  he  was 
elected  assistant  city  license  inspector,  which  office  he  has  held  ever 
since.  Has  never  held  any  political  office  except  delegate  and  alter 
nate  delegate  to  State  and  National  Democratic  Conventions.  He  has 
served  as  secretary  of  many  organizations,  namely,  Alabama  Press 
Association,  Tennessee  River  Association,  General  Association,  (State 
Board),  Long  Run  Association,  Louisville  Charity  Organization  Society, 
Confederate  Association,  Orphan  Brigade,  etc,,  etc. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  Church.  When  fifteen  years  old  he 
was  baptized  in  Stone  River  near  Murfreesboro',  Tenn.,  by  Dr.  J.  M. 


516  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

Pendleton,  and  has  ever  since  been  a  quiet  worker  among  the  Bap 
tists.  Aided  in  organizing  the  Baptist  Book  Concern  of  Louisville, 
was  the  first  secretary,  and  was  a  member  of  the  board  of  directors  till 
he  resigned.  Recently  he  joined  in  founding  the  Baptist  Argus,  in 
which  corporation  he  is  a  director. 

For  twenty  years  or  more  he  has  been  a  delegate  to  the  Southern 
Baptist  Convention  and  other  denominational  assemblies.  His  mem 
bership  is  at  Broadway  Baptist  Church,  where  he  is  chairman  of  the 
deacons,  assistant-superintendent  of  the  Sunday-school,  and  superin 
tendent  of  the  Foreign  Sunday-school,  also  member  of  the  Board  of 
Managers  of  the  Baptist  Orphans'  Home. 

He  has  for  many  years  had  charge  of  the  religious  department  of  a 
well-known  city  paper,  being  called  "  the  religious  editor." 

He  is  also  prominent  in  fraternal  circles.  Is  one  of  the  founders  of 
the  Fraternal  Congress,  over  which  he  presided  several  years.  At  the 
death  of  James  A.  Demaree,  grand  reporter,  founder  of  the  Knights  of 
Honor,  in  accordance  with  his  request  Osborne  was  appointed  grand 
reporter,  but  declined  to  accept  the  office.  He  has  filled  leading  offices 
in  Grand  Lodge  K.  of  H.,  A.  O.  U.  W.,  Golden  Cross,  Royal  Arca 
num,  Chosen  Friends,  and  Knights  of  Honor  Commandery. 

GOV.  GEORGE  W.  JOHNSON. 

We  are  indebted  to  Col.  J.  Stoddard  Johnston,  himself  a  Kentuck- 
ian,  and  a  gallant  soldier  in  the  army  of  the  Confederate  States,  for 
the  following  appropriate  sketch  of  one  of  the  noblest  and  best  of 
men : 

"  In  the  long  roll  of  Kentuckians  whose  lives  were  offered  up,  during 
the  late  war,  upon  the  altar  of  conscience  and  duty,  the  name  of 
George  W.  Johnson  stands  out  in  conspicuous  relief.  Of  all  who  fell 
at  Shiloh,  next  to  the  loss  of  Gen.  Albert  Sidney  Johnston,  his  death 
caused  the  most  widespread  and  profound  sorrow,  not  only  in  Ken 
tucky,  but  in  other  States  where  he  was  known  and  honored.  The 
time  has  not  arrived  when  the  biography  of  one  who  bore  so  active  a 
part  in  the  inception  of  the  late  war  can  be  written,  and  it  must  be 
left  for  some  future  historian  to  do  justice  to  his  memory.  For  us  it 
must  suffice  to  glance  briefly  at  the  important  events  of  his  career 
before  the  war  and  his  participation  in  it  up  to  the  time  of  his  lamented 
death. 

"Sprung  from  a  Virginia  family,  which  immigrated  to  Kentucky 
before  its  organization  as  a  State,  George  W.  Johnson  was  born  near 
Georgetown,  Scott  County,  Ky.,  May  27,  1811.  His  father,  William 
Johnson,  was  the  son  of  Robert  Johnson,  whose  name  is  connected 


GOV.  GKO.  \V.  JOHNSON. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  517 

with  the  earliest  history  of  the  State,  and  who  was  the  ancestor  of  a 
very  large  family  of  that  name,  which,  in  Kentucky  and  other  States 
in  the  South  and  West,  has  furnished  men  of  prominence  in  all  the 
callings  of  life.  Graduating  at  Transylvania  University,  the  subject 
of  this  sketch  studied  law,  and,  for  a  time,  pursued  the  practice  in 
Georgetown,  but  subsequently,  having,  in  1833,  married  a  daughter 
of  Capt.  Willa  Viley,  of  Scott,  he  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits, 
and  was,  up  to  the  beginning  of  the  war,  a  farmer.  In  early  life,  in 
the  session  of  1838-9,  and,  perhaps,  once  subsequently,  he  served  as 
a  member  of  the  legislature;  but  ever  after  declined  election  to  any 
office  of  profit.  In  addition  to  his  farming  in  Kentucky,  he,  at  an 
early  day,  embarked  in  cotton  planting,  in  Arkansas,  and  for  many 
successive  years  spent  his  winters  in  the  South,  where,  as  in  Kentucky, 
his  home  was  rendered  attractive  to  his  friends  by  the  genial  and  social 
qualities  which,  for  nearly  thirty  years,  made  his  name  the  synonym 
of  cordial  hospitality. 

"  Attentive  to  business  and  applying  himself  with  zealous  devotion 
to  his  duties  as  a  father,  husband,  and  neighbor,  he  yet  was  always  a 
student,  and  never  wearied  in  prosecuting  research  in  some  branch  of 
science,  or  in  the  fields  of  classical  learning,  in  each  of  which  he  was 
equally  at  home.  To  political  science  he  was  always  devoted,  and  to 
the  enthusiasm  of  a  student  he  added  the  ardor  of  a  patriot.  Educated 
in  the  school  which  accepted  the  Jeffersonian  construction  of  the  Fed 
eral  Constitution,  he  was  always  a  democrat,  and  contended,  on  all 
occasions,  for  the  correctness  of  the  principles  at  the  foundation  of 
the  party,  as  the  only  security  for  republican  liberty  in  America. 

"  On  several  occasions  he  represented  his  party  in  important  polit 
ical  periods,  but  always  declined  political  preferment.  In  1852,  and 
in  1860,  he  was  presidential  elector,  and  made  a  vigorous  and  success 
ful  canvass;  but  he  declined  repeatedly  to  be  a  candidate  for  congress 
when  the  position  was  tendered  him.  Devoted  to  his  family,  he  val 
ued  domestic  life  above  the  turmoil  of  a  political  career,  and  yet  esti 
mated  too  justly  the  duties  of  a  citizen  to  abstain  from  a  certain  par 
ticipation  in  public  affairs.  His  influence  was  always  exercised  to 
promote  the  success  of  the  views  which  he  cherished ;  and  from  the 
unselfish  spirit  which  was  known  to  actuate  him,  he  gradually  acquired 
a  power  which  was  widely  recognized  and  respected,  but  of  which  he 
never  availed  himself  for  his  own  aggrandizement. 

"When,  after  the  election  of  Mr.  Lincoln,  the  aspect  of  affairs  be 
gan  to  forebode  a  conflict,  no  one  contemplated  with  more  concern 
the  coming  trouble  than  George  W.  Johnson.  All  the  instincts  of  his 
nature,  his  love  of  domestic  life,  his  devotion  to  his  family,  pointed  to 
him  as  one  not  marked  out  for  active  participation  in  the  war.  Added 


518  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

to  this  predisposition  was  a  physical  disability,  caused  by  an  injury  to 
one  of  his  arms,  which  made  him  literally  a  non-combatant.  But  see 
ing  in  the  attempt  to  coerce  and  subjugate  the  Southern  States  the 
germ  of  a  despotism,  which,  if  successful,  he  predicted  would  result 
in  the  subversion  of  republican  institutions,  he  early  committed  him 
self  to  the  cause  of  the  South,  and  exerted  all  his  efforts  to  place  Ken 
tucky  by  the  side  of  the  Southern  States.  This  he  believed  would 
give  them  such  power  in  numbers  and  resources  as  would  practically 
prevent  war  and  secure  the  establishment  of  two  confederacies,  which, 
enjoying  free-trade  and  uniting  in  treaties,  offensive  and  defensive, 
would  give  peace  to  both  and  remove  the  harassing  points  of  contest 
which  had  arraigned  the  two  sections  against  each  other.  He  seemed, 
after  the  beginning  of  the  war,  and  before  Kentucky  was  involved  in 
it,  to  realize,  more  than  any  leading  man  in  Kentucky,  the  tendency 
of  affairs,  and  labored  to  avert  what  subsequently  happened. 

"When  the  'reign  of  terror'  was  inaugurated,  by  the  arrest  of 
Gov.  Morehead  and  other  prominent  men,  in  September,  1861,  simul 
taneous  with  the  occupation  of  the  State  by  the  Federal  troops,  in 
company  with  Breckinridge  and  others,  he  left  his  home,  and  through 
the  mountains  of  Eastern  Kentucky  made  his  way  to  Virginia,  and 
thence  by  way  of  Tennessee  to  Bowling  Green,  Kentucky,  which  had 
been  occupied  by  Confederate  troops  under  Gen.  Buckner.  Here  he 
set  on  foot  the  organization  of  a  provisional  government  for  the  State, 
which  was  effected  by  a  convention  held  at  Russellville,  Kentucky, 
when  a  constitution  was  adopted.  Under  this  he  was  chosen  Gov 
ernor,  and  upon  his  memorial  to  the  President  and  Confederate  States, 
Kentucky,  as  represented  by  the  provisional  government,  of  which  he 
was  the  head,  was  admitted  as  a  member  of  the  Southern  Confederacy. 
It  is  not  within  the  scope  of  this  sketch  to  enter  into  the  details  of  this 
movement,  nor  can  we  give  the  memorial  upon  which  this  action  was 
based.  We  question,  however,  whether  there  was  written,  during  the 
war,  on  either  side,  a  State  paper  of  more  force  or  which  showed  a 
more  profound  knowledge  of  the  fundamental  truths  of  political 
science  and  civil  government. 

"  During  the  occupation  of  Bowling  Green  by  the  Confederate 
forces,  Gov.  Johnson  remained  there,  exerting  himself,  and  in  every 
way  cooperating  with  Gen.  Albert  Sidney  Johnston  to  promote  the 
success  of  the  cause  nearest  his  heart.  Cut  off  from  his  family,  his 
home  surrendered  for  an  exiled  life,  he  threw  into  his  new  work  all 
the  intensity  of  a  nature  which  never  flagged  in  the  pursuit  of  an  un 
dertaking.  Between  him  and  the  commander-in-chief  there  sprang 
up  a  friendship  which,  in  the  brief  period  which  intervened  until  ter 
minated  by  the  death  of  both,  ripened  to  an  intimacy,  which  was 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  519 

strengthened  by  mutual  confidence,  admiration,  and  esteem.  In  the 
military  chief,  the  civilian  saw  one  long  known  and  esteemed  through 
the  representation  of  common  friends  and  through  his  public  record. 
To  him  he  looked  as  the  liberator  of  his  State,  and  in  his  ability  as  a 
commander  he  confided  with  implicit  faith.  In  the  civilian,  the  dis 
criminating  Johnston,  no  less  a  reader  of  men  than  a  general,  saw 
qualities  which  attached  him  to  himself  as  with  bands  of  steel.  In  his 
strong,  practical  sense  he  found  a  safe  counsel,  which  never  failed 
him,  and  in  his  devotion  to  the  cause  he  found  a  well-spring  of  healthy 
enthusiasm  which  never  admitted  of  despondent  thoughts.  Both  men 
of  profound  education,  their  minds  given  to  research,  and  their  lives 
spent  in  study  of  all  the  varied  branches  which  go  to  make  up  the  sum 
of  human  learning,  there  are  few  occasions  which  the  writer  recalls 
with  more  interest  than  conversations  to  which  he  has  listened  be 
tween  these  original  minds,  investing,  as  they  did,  all  topics  which 
came  under  discussion  with  a  perfect  glow,  as  of  the  heated  metal 
under  the  stroke  of  two  stalwart  smiths.  Unlike  in  temperament, 
their  characters  were  molded  of  such  noble  types  that  they  seemed  to 
fit  in,  as  it  were,  to  each  other,  and  to  make  one  grand  and  perfect 
whole,  each  supplying,  in  his  own  composition,  the  qualities  in  which 
it  differed  from  the  other.  In  calmness  and  perfect  serenity  of  char 
acter,  Sidney  Johnston  was  unequaled.  He  was  the  iceberg  moving 
forward  with  resistless  power,  carrying  everything  before  him  by  the 
imperturbable  force  of  his  own  frigid  purpose.  George  W.  Johnson 
was,  as  it  were,  a  mass  of  molten  metal;  a  sun,  so  to  speak,  radiating 
with  its  latent  heat,  and  warming  into  life  and  vigor  all  who  came 
within  the  sphere  of  his  influence.  All  who  saw  either  acknowledged 
the  superiority  of  each  in  the  elements  which  gave  individuality  to 
their  character,  and  were  swayed  by  a  power  which  was  obeyed 
implicitly,  without  stopping  to  analyze  the  secret  of  its  potency. 
Thus,  in  their  respective  duties,  each  sought  counsel  from  the  other, 
and  united  in  the  harmonious  execution  of  their  respective  trusts. 
When  disaster  befell  the  Confederate  arms,  and  it  became  necessary 
to  evacuate  Kentucky,  and,  subsequently,  to  withdraw  from  Tennessee, 
the  provisional  governor  became  the  companion  and  guest  in  the  field 
of  the  commander,  seconding,  by  his  sagacious  advice  and  his  salutary 
influence,  the  military  movements  which  culminated  in  the  battle  of 
Shiloh. 

"  Participating  in  the  councils  which  preceded  the  movement  from 
Corinth  to  the  fated  battlefield,  he  went  forward  with  the  army, 
feeling  that  upon  the  result  hung  the  hopes  of  the  Confederacy,  and 
sharing  in  the  high  and  daring  purpose  which  inspired  the  brilliant 
movement.  Upon  the  6th  day  of  April,  he  went  into  battle  as  a  vol- 


520  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

unteer  aid  to  Gen.  Breckinridge,  desiring  to  share  with  the  troops  of 
his  State  the  result  of  the  contest.  When  the  Kentucky  Brigade  was 
separated  from  Breckinridge,  he  accompanied  it  as  volunteer  aid  to 
Col.  Trabue.  Shortly  afterward,  his  horse  was  killed,  and  he  entered 
the  ranks  of  Capt.  Ben  Monroe's  company,  with  which  he  fought  the 
remainder  of  the  day.  That  night  after  the  conflict  ceased,  he  an 
nounced  his  determination  to  participate  next  day;  and,  causing  the 
oath  of  a  private  soldier  to  be  administered  to  him  next  morning,  he 
was  enrolled  as  a  member  of  Co.  E,  Fourth  Kentucky  Infantry. 

"  That  day  he  went  again  into  battle,  and  in  one  of  the  bloody 
charges  in  the  early  part  of  the  afternoon,  he  received  the  mortal 
wound  which  terminated  in  his  death.  All  night  he  lay  upon  the  field 
of  battle  with  two  wounds  upon  his  body — one  in  the  right  thigh  and 
the  other  in  the  abdomen — the  latter  from  a  Minie-ball,  which  entered 
near  the  median  line  and  passed  through  the  body.  The  vigor  of  his 
constitution  and  the  vitality  of  his  system  were  so  powerful  that  life 
lingered  with  him  longer  than  the  nature  of  his  wounds  would  have 
indicated  as  possible.  On  the  afternoon  of  the  8th,  after  having  lain 
nearly  twenty-four  hours  on  the  field,  he  was  discovered  by  Gen.  Mc- 
Cook,  who  recognized  him  first  as  a  Mason,  from  the  sign  given,  and 
then  as  having  met  him  at  the  Charleston  Convention. 

"  With  a  tenderness  and  magnanimity  which  so  generally  marked 
the  soldiers  of  both  armies  who  met  in  battle,  he  caused  him  to  be  con 
veyed  to  one  of  the  United  States  hospital  steamboats  lying  at  Pitts- 
burg  Landing,  and  had  every  attention  bestowed  upon  him  of  which 
the  circumstances  admitted.  But  the  shaft  of  death  had  sped  too 
surely,  and  the  spark  of  life,  which  had  struggled  so  long,  yielded 
finally,  and  he  died  tranquilly  about  daylight  on  the  morning  of  the 
pth,  conscious  almost  to  the  last  breath,  and  leaving  in  his  last  words 
a  testimony  that  his  only  aim  had  been  his  country's  good.  Thus,  in 
his  fiftieth  year,  after  a  life  of  spotless  integrity,  in  the  very  prime  of 
his  intellectual  vigor,  died  one  upon  whom  the  highest  eulogy  that 
could  be  passed  upon  any  one  was  accorded  him  by  a  friend,  who 
said,  upon  hearing  of  his  death,  that  he  believed  his  highest  wish  in 
life  was  to  do  right,  and  the  next  highest  was  to  see  his  friends  do 
right.  A  noble  tribute,  expressing,  in  a  sentence,  what  all  who  knew 
him  will  recognize  as  the  key-note  of  his  whole  nature. 

"  His  body,  after  death,  was  kindly  cared  for  by  officers  in  the  Fed 
eral  service,  who  had  known  and  admired  him  in  former  days,  among 
whom  was  Gen.  John  M.  Harlan,  who  had  been  the  opposing  candi 
date  for  elector  in  the  preceding  presidential  canvass.  Mainly  through 
his  instrumentality  and  kind  services,  his  remains  were  sent  to  Louis 
ville,  and  thence  conveyed  to  his  home  in  Scott  County.  From  Louis- 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  521 

ville  they  were  accompanied  by  a  committee  of  citizens,  and,  on  the 
i8th,  they  were  followed  to  the  public  cemetery,  near  Georgetown,  by 
one  of  the  largest  collections  of  citizens  ever  assembled  for  a  similar 
purpose  in  that  county.  The  universal  respect  in  which  he  was  held 
by  men  of  all  parties  was  attested  by  the  fact  that,  notwithstanding  an 
order  had  shortly  before  been  promulgated  prohibiting  the  interment 
of  any  Confederate  dead  except  with  the  strictest  privacy,  no  objection 
was  interposed,  and  the  funeral  ceremony  was  conducted  without  mili 
tary  interference,  and  the  rites  of  burial  performed  by  the  Masonic 
order,  of  which  he  was  a  member,  without  regard  to  sectional  sym 
pathy. 

"  To  his  family,  consisting  of  a  devoted  wife  and  seven  children, 
the  affliction  came  with  crushing  force,  relieved  only  by  the  consola 
tion  that  he  had  fallen  in  the  discharge  of  what  he  regarded  a  sacred 
duty.  To  the  people  of  his  county,  who  knew  and  loved  him  as  the 
generous  neighbor,  the  open-hearted  friend,  the  upright  man,  the  loss 
was  felt  with  a  keenness  and  force  manifested  to  this  day  by  the  sad 
ness  which  shrouds  the  brow  of  all  who  enjoyed  his  acquaintance 
whenever  his  name  is  mentioned.  As  to  the  estimate  in  which  he  was 
held,  and  the  regret  caused  by  his  death  in  the  South,  the  following 
paragraph  from  Gen.  Beauregard's  official  report  of  the  battle  of 
Shiloh,  dated  on  the  nth  of  April,  1862,  bears  honorable  testi 
mony  : 

"  '  I  deeply  regret  to  record,  also,  the  death  of  the  Hon.  George  W. 
Johnson,  Provisional  Governor  of  Kentucky,  who  went  into  action 
with  the  Kentucky  troops,  and  continually  inspired  them  by  his  words 
and  example.  Having  his  horse  shot  under  him  on  Sunday,  he  entered 
the  ranks  of  a  Kentucky  regiment,  and  fell,  mortally  wounded,  toward 
the  close  of  the  next  day.  Not  his  State  alone,  but  the  whole  Confed 
eracy  has  sustained  a  great  loss  in  the  death  of  this  brave,  upright,  and 
able  man.' 

"  In  the  quie.t  cemetery  of  Georgetown,  his  grave  marked  by  a  sim 
ple  inscription,  in  the  midst  of  a  people  whom  he  loved  dearer  than  his 
own  life,  rests  the  body  of  this  pure  and  spotless  man.  The  failure  of 
the  cause  for  which  he  sacrificed  himself  has  left  him  to  slumber  in  a 
grave  watered  only  by  the  tears  of  domestic  affection,  and  marked  only 
by  the  care  of  private  and  personal  devotion.  For  deeds  less  noble 
than  were  illustrated  in  his  death,  shafts  of  marble  and  columns  of 
bronze  have  been  reared  in  all  ages  of  the  world.  For  him,  until  such 
day  as  receding  time  shall  permit  his  virtues  to  be  properly  commem 
orated,  his  monument  will  be  in  the  affections  of  all  who,  knowing, 
loved  him,  or  who,  reading  this  brief  and  imperfect  story  of  his  life  and 
death,  shall  accord  to  his  memory  the  tribute  which  belongs  to  a  char- 


522  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

acter  so  exalted,  and  death  rendered  memorable  by  heroic  and  unselfish 
devotion  to  duty." 

HON.   ELI  M.  BRUCE. 

Eli  Metcalfe  Bruce  was  preeminently  the  soldier's  friend  and  bene 
factor.  To  Kentuckians  in  the  field  he  endeared  himself  as  no  other 
man  did ;  and  his  memory  is  cherished  as  only  that  of  a  great-hearted 
and  practical  philanthropist  and  fellow-countryman  can  be. 

He  was  the  son  of  George  S.  and  Sabina  (Metcalfe)  Bruce ;  was  born 
near  Flemingsburg,  Ky. ,  February  226.,  1828;  and  was  reared  on  his 
father's  farm,  receiving  such  education  as  the  neighborhood  schools  of 
those  days  could  furnish.  In  1847  he  became  a  clerk  in  a  dry-goods 
store  at  Maysville ;  was  employed  a  few  months  subsequently  by  an 
uncle,  John  S.  Morgan,  in  a  pork-packing  establishment  at  Cincinnati; 
and  soon  became  a  partner  in  the  business,  which  proved  fairly  remu 
nerative. 

In  1853,  he  married  Miss  Elizabeth  Withers,  daughter  of  Charles  Al 
bert  and  Matilda  (Lynch)  Withers.  Two  children  are  yet  living,  Ma 
tilda  L.,  wife  of  Dr.  Dudley  S.  Reynolds,  of  Louisville,  and  George 
S.  Bruce,  a  tobacco  broker,  of  Cincinnati. 

On  the  death  of  Mr.  Morgan,  he  sold  his  interest  in  the  firm,  and  in 
1854  he  engaged  with  his  uncle,  Henry  Bruce,  in  the  manufacture  of 
pig  iron,  near  Terre  Haute,  Ind.  This  business  proved  very  profitable; 
but  seemed  too  restricted  in  its  scope,  and  he  sold  out  his  share  in  the  iron 
furnace  in  1859,  and  re-engaged  in  pork  packing,  establishing  packing 
houses  on  the  Wabash,  Missouri  and  Mississippi  rivers,  with  his  central 
office  at  St.  Louis,  Mo.  He  soon  enlarged  the  business  to  include 
beef,  and  in  1861,  when  the  war  cry  was  raised  throughout  the  coun 
try,  he  at  once  saw  the  importance  of  a  change  in  the  base  of  his  opera 
tions,  having  determined  to  cast  his  lot  with  the  South  in  the  impending 
struggle. 

He  accordingly  closed  his  establishment,  and,  shipping  everything 
to  the  South,  he  established  his  packing  business  at  Chattanooga, 
Tenn.,  at  Augusta,  Ga.,  and  several  other  points.  The  war  fairly 
opened,  it  became  necessary  to  engage  experienced  men  to  supply  the 
rapidly-organizing  armies  with  food,  and  Bruce's  talents  were  employed 
in  that  direction.  He  became,  in  fact,  the  chief  reliance  of  the  South 
ern  forces  for  supplies,  and  when  the  ports  were  blockaded,  and  his 
internal  resources  were  inadequate,  he  purchased  suitable  ships  for 
running  the  blockade.  Loading  them  with  cotton,  he  boldly  sailed 
forth  into  British  and  other  foreign  ports,  where  he  disposed  of  his 
cotton,  and,  loading  his  ships  with  supplies  for  the  army,  he  passed 


HON.  ELI    M.  BRUCE. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  523 

the  blockading  squadrons  safe.     This  he  was  able  to  continue  through 
out  the  greater  part  of  the  war. 

Notwithstanding  all  these  engagements,  he  found  time  to  assist  in 
the  organization  of  the  Confederate  States  Government.  At  Russell- 
ville,  Ky.,  in  December,  1861,  the  newly-elected  legislature  adopted 
the  constitution  proposed  by  the  Confederate  States  Government;  pro 
ceeded  to  divide  the  State  into  congressional  districts ;  and  to  provide 
for  the  election  of  congressmen  and  senators.  Bruce  was  elected  to 
congress  from  the  Ninth  District  of  Kentucky,  to  serve  for  four  years, 
and  was  reflected  again  on  the  i4th  of  May,  1864,  for  a  like  term. 
He  proceeded  to  Richmond,  and  sat  with  the  congress  most  of  the 
time  during  its  various  sessions,  and  was  an  important  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Ways  and  Means.  During  all  this  time  he  was  carry 
ing  on  blockade  running,  and  transporting  supplies  for  the  Confederate 
army  to  different  parts  of  the  country. 

At  the  conclusion  of  the  war,  soon  after  the  assassination  of  Presi 
dent  Lincoln,  he  went  directly  to  Washington  City  and  called  upon 
President  Johnson  in  person,  to  whom  he  confessed  his  active  partici 
pation  in  the  Confederate  cause,  and  expressed  a  desire  to  be  pardoned 
and  restored  to  citizenship  in  the  United  States.  His  request  was 
granted  without  a  moment's  hesitation ;  and,  tendering  his  thanks  to 
the  president,  he  proceeded  to  New  York  City,  where  he  soon  estab 
lished  himself  as  a  cotton  factor,  with  a  branch  house  at  Augusta,  Ga. 
In  October,  1865,  he  purchased  the  Southern  Hotel,  which  he  im 
proved,  refitted,  and  opened  to  the  public.  He  did  a  prosperous 
business  until  December,  1866,  when  he  died  suddenly  of  heart  dis 
ease.  His  remains  were  removed  to  the  family  cemetery,  at  Coving- 
ton,  Ky. 

It  is  related  of  him  that  when  he  was  about  to  take  his  departure  for 
Washington,  on  the  disbanding  of  the  armies  of  the  South,  he  gave  to 
the  poor  Confederate  soldiers  many  thousands  of  dollars  in  gold  to 
enable  them  to  return  to  their  homes  and  engage  in  various  pursuits. 
Besides  this,  he  loaned  more  than  a  million  dollars  to  different  busi 
ness  and  professional  men  with  whom  he  had  been  associated  in  the 
lost  cause.  Large  sums  of  this  money  were  never  returned;  but  his 
name  is  to  this  day  mentioned  in  grateful  remembrance  by  thousands 
of  the  beneficiaries  of  his  kindness. 

A  few  weeks  before  his  death,  his  name  was  mentioned  in  many  of 
the  newspapers  of  Kentucky,  as  an  available  man  for  Governor  of  the 
State.  It  is  not  likely,  however,  he  would  have  sacrificed  his  business 
interests  in  New  York  to  return  to  Kentucky  for  the  honor  of  being 
Governor. 

The  Bruces  trace  their  ancestry  through  the  Bruces  of  Scotland  to 


524  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

King  Malcolm  the  First.     A  brother  of  Eli  Bruce  (Wm.  Bruce,  of 
Cincinnati),  has  successfully  traced  this  relationship. 

From  an  article  by  Col.  Robert  W.  Woolley,  published  in  the  Louis 
ville  Courier  of  December  iyth,  1866,  the  following  beautiful  tribute 
to  the  memory  of  this  worthy  descendant  of  a  noble  race  is  copied : 

"They  who  by  nature  possess,  and  from  noble  aspirations  cultivate, 
those  tenderer  emotions  which  assimilate  them  to  the  condition  of  re 
deemed  immortality,  always  feel  something  more  keen  than  sorrow 
when  they  hear  of  the  death  of  one  so  good  that  even  envy  was  forced 
to  flatter,  and  sought  to  praise  where  she  dared  not  detract.  In  all  the 
misfortunes  of  country  and  of  life,  rupture  of  social  relations,  injustice 
from  the  State,  displeasure  of  fortune,  in  each  and  all  there  is  pain  which 
the  heart  can  not  avoid.  But  there  is  a  peculiar  grief  which  we  will  not 
express,  because  we  can  not,  that  all  keenly  suffer  when  we  see  the 
grave  receive  into  its  cold  chamber  one  who  lived  and  hoped  still  to 
live,  that  kindness,  charity  and  happiness  might  be  increased  and  ex 
tended  to  all  the  world  around  him.  There  are  people  who  will  not  be 
as  well  fed  now  as  they  were  a  few  days  ago.  There  are  many  women, 
now  reft  of  husband  and  child,  with  no  claim  save  that  which  the  fallen 
traveler  had  on  the  Samaritan,  who  must  now  look  elsewhere  for 
raiment  and  shelter,  so  often  given  by  him  who  gathered  together  this 
world's  goods  that  he  might  make  others  as  happy  as  he  himself  was 
kind.  From  this  river  to  the  gulf  there  are  cripples  on  crutches  which 
he  purchased,  wounds  still  healing  with  unctions  which  he  gave,  homes 
swept  away  by  the  torch  of  war  replaced  from  that  curious  purse  which 
hundreds  have  seen,  empty  for  his  own  wants,  as  full  as  that  of  Fortu- 
natus,  when  touched  by  an  appeal  from  suffering  humanity. 

"  E.  M.  Bruce  never  fought  battles,  but  was  in  them.  If,  in  defense 
of  a  creed  which  was  as  sacred  as  the  cross  he  worshipped,  he  did  not 
strike  the  enemy  who  came  to  attack  his  country,  he  still  was  where 
the  danger  was  thickest  to  catch  the  wounded  comrade  as  he  fell,  and 
to  give  him  a  Christian  soldier's  grave,  or  bind  his  bleeding  wounds,  and 
in  the  chamber  of  sickness  nurse  him  to  health.  If  it  was  the  high 
province  of  Breckinridge  and  his  lieutenants  to  kill  on  fields  of  battle 
those  who  assailed  the  flag  they  followed,  it  was  the  noble  task  of 
Bruce  to  heal  the  wounds,  cure  the  sick,  and  save  the  lives  of  those 
who  loved  him  only  less  than  he  loved  them.  We  appeal  to  10,000 
living  Kentucky  soldiers  to  attest  the  full  truth  of  all  we  say,  and  there 
are  now  thousands  standing  at  the  bar  of  heaven  asking  to  be  called  as 
witnesses  to  prove  that  even  in  that  sacred  society  there  is  no  purer 
spirit  than  that  which  fled  from  the  dead  body  over  which  we  now 
bend  and  mourn. 

"  Money  worth  more  than  $400,000  in  Federal  currency  he  gave 


HON.   H.   W.  BRUCE. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  525 

away  to  suffering  soldiers,  and  yet  with  all  the  gratitude  they  bore  him, 
and  with  all  the  affection  in  which  they  still  hold  his  memory,  the 
greatest  pleasure  was  not  with  them  who  received,  but  with  him  who 
i^ave.  There  are  many  who  have  seen  him  often  on  a  night  as  black 
as  the  one  that  now  wraps  his  tomb  in  this  cold  December,  stand 
ing  alone  on  the  banks  of  the  James,  waiting  for  the  exchange 
boat.  And  they  well  remember  that  curious,  motley  procession  of 
tagged,  starved,  tortured  prisoners,  following  him  to  the  hotel  by  hun 
dreds,  and  they  will  not  forget  the  rapidity  with  which  he  gave  them 
rooms  with  carpets  on  the  floor,  and  baths,  and  food,  and  raiment  and 
drink,  and  warm  beds,  his  own  among  the  number,  that  the  brave  men 
might  sleep  and  sweetly  dream  of  wife,  sister  and  child,  far  away  at 
the  home  from  which  they  had  been  exiled. 

"  It  was  not  necessary  to  tell  us  that  he  died  of  heart  dis 
ease.  Sooner  or  later,  all  knew,  that  was  to  be  his  fate.  His  heart 
was  by  nature  too  large  for  the  frame  that  contained  it.  Constant  ex 
ercise  had  made  it,  like  the  muscles  of  a  wrestler,  large  to  deformity. 
Sleep  gave  quiet  to  the  brain,  rest  to  the  body  ;  but  that  full,  exuberant 
heart  was  forever  palpitating  with  joy  in  doing  charity  by  day,  or 
dreaming  at  night  of  the  happiness  it  would  diffuse  in  the  morning. 

"Farewell,  E.  M.  Bruce!  If,  as  the  best  and  wisest  men  have 
said,  there  is  a  chosen  place,  best  in  the  heaven,  where  the  spirits  of 
the  good  and  noble  are  received,  we  know  that  you  are  happy  now, 
for  there  is  charity  there,  and  of  that  virtue  which  includes  all  others 
you  were  the  living  transfiguration.  Farewell,  good,  kind  man ! 
Many  tears  will  fall  in  your  native  State  to-day  from  eyes  not  used  to 
weeping." 

HON.  HORATIO  W.  BRUCE. 

Judge  Bruce  was  prominently  identified  with  the  Kentucky  Con 
federates  in  a  State  capacity  from  first  to  last.  He  says  that  the  mili 
tary  service  of  his  life  consisted  of  a  captaincy  of  a  company  in  Lewis 
County  under  the  old  militia  law;  membership  in  a  company  of  the 
State  Guard  (1860);  and  the  "  lugging  of  a  box  and  gun"  in  com 
pany  with  other  members  of  Congress  when  Gen.  Kilpatrick  threat 
ened  Richmond;  but  his  active  service  in  the  formation  of  the  State 
Government,  under  which  Kentucky  was  admitted  to  the  Confederacy, 
and  his  work  with  his  fellow-members  of  the  State  Council  and  with 
the  gentlemen  who  were  organizing  the  Kentucky  Confederates  for 
resistance ;  his  solicitude  for  the  welfare  of  Kentucky  soldiers  in  their 
isolated  position,  and  his  intelligent  oversight  of  their  interests  in  the 
Richmond  Congress, — these  make  him  substantially  an  Orphan,  and 


526  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

suggest  his  being  put  on  record  with  the  men  whose  badge  he  has 
long  been  entitled  to  wear,  but  declines  to  do  so,  though  holding  mem 
bership  in  our  Veteran  Association,  because  he  does  not  find  on  that 
badge  the  Stars  of  Kentucky  and  Missouri,  which  he  claims  to  have 
been  members  of  the  Confederacy  by  virtue  of  revolutionary  action, 
the  right  to  take  which  is  always  lodged  with  the  people. 

Horatio  Washington  Bruce,  born  near  Vanceburg,  Lewis  County, 
Ky. ,  February  22,  1830,  was  a  son  of  Alexander  and  Amanda  (Bragg) 
Bruce.  The  father  was  born  in  Garrard  County,  Ky. ;  the  mother  in 
Lewis  County.  John  Bruce,  the  grandfather  of  the  subject  of  this 
notice,  emigrated  in  the  earlier  pioneer  days  from  Pittsylvania  County, 
Va.,  to  Garrard  County,  Ky.,  where  he  died,  in  1827,  at  the  age  of 
seventy-nine. 

He  was  the  son  of  a  Scotch  merchant  who  came  to  Virginia  long 
before  the  Revolutionary  war.  Alexander  Bruce's  mother  was  Elizabeth 
(Clay)  Bruce,  daughter  of  Henry  Clay,  Jr.,  of  Mecklenburg  County, 
Va.  The  ancestors  of  Horatio  W.  Bruce's  mother  were  also  Scotch 
people,  the  first  of  whom  to  come  to  America  were  John  and  Maran 
Gibbs,  his  great-great-grandparents. 

Alexander  Bruce  was  a  lawyer,  merchant,  farmer,  and  mill  owner 
in  Lewis  County,  and  represented  his  county  in  the  legislature  of 
1825-26,  having  been  elected  by  the  Old  Court  Party. 

Horatio  W.  Bruce  received  his  academic  education  at  private 
ischools  in  Lewis  County,  Ky. ,  and  in  Manchester,  Ohio.  Without 
the  advantages  of  a  college  or  university  course  he  nevertheless  mas 
tered  not  only  the  elementary  English  branches,  but  mathematics,  pure 
and  applied,  and  the  Latin  language — chiefly  by  his  own  unaided  exer 
tions — being  blessed  with  strong  natural  powers  of  mind  and  that  great 
zest  for  learning  which  made  him  a  student  from  early  boyhood.  Such 
•were  his  legal  and  other  requirements  (among  them  as  ufficient  knowl 
edge  of  French  to  enable  him  to  read  it  well),  that  in  1872  he  was 
elected  to  a  professorship  in  the  law  department  of  the  University  of 
Louisville,  which  position  he  filled  acceptably  for  seven  or  eight  years. 

In  his  sixteenth  year  he  became  salesman,  book-keeper,  etc.,  in  a 
general  store,  where  he  remained  till  1849,  having  charge  of  the  busi 
ness  of  the  Vanceburg  post-office  during  the  time,  which  occupation 
he  followed  till  1849,  in  which  year  and  the  year  following  he  taught 
two  five-month  schools,  devoting  his  leisure  and  his  vacations,  mean 
while,  to  the  study  of  law.  In  December,  1850,  he  went  to  Flemings- 
burg,  where  he  studied  in  the  office  and  under  the  valuable  instruction 
of  Hon.  Leander  M.  Cox,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1851.  Be 
ginning  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  the  age  of  twenty-one,  he 
continued  the  habit,  already  formed,  of  close  and  systematic  study  of 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  527 

principles  and  practice,  which  has  made  him  one  of  the  foremost  law 
yers  in  Kentucky. 

In  that  year  (1851),  when  the  office  of  examiner  was  first  created 
in  the  Civil  Code  of  Practice,  he  was  appointed  to  that  position  by  the 
Fleming  Circuit  Court.  Shortly  afterward  he  was  elected  a  trustee  of 
common  schools  in  the  Flemingsburg  district;  in  August,  1855,  he 
was  elected  to  represent  Fleming  County  in  the  legislature,  serving  in 
that  body  just  thirty  years  after  his  father's  term  as  member  from  Lewis 
County;  in  1856,  he  was  elected  Commonwealth's  Attorney  for  the 
Tenth  Judicial  District  (Mason,  Lewis,  Greenup,  Rowan,  Fleming 
and  Nicholas  Counties),  but  moved  to  Louisville  before  his  term  ex 
pired  (December,  1858),  and  resigned. 

Previously  to  locating  in  Louisville,  he  had  married  (June  i2th, 
1856),  Miss  Elizabeth  Barbour  Helm,  a  daughter  of  John  L.  Helm, 
of  Hardin  County  (before  and  afterward  governor  of  Kentucky),  and 
on  removing  to  the  city  he  formed  a  partnership  with  his  brother-in- 
law,  Ben  Hardin  Helm,  and  practiced  with  him  under  the  firm  name 
of  Helm  and  Bruce  until  the  war  began. 

Reared  a  Whig,  he  had  taken  part  in  the  presidential  election  of 
1852  by  making  speeches  in  favor  of  Scott  and  Graham,  and  there 
after  acted  with  that  party  until  its  organization  was  broken  up  and 
most  of  its  members  had  become  identified  with  the  American  or 
Know-Nothing  party ;  then  with  the  latter  until  after  the  presidential 
election  of  1860,  during  which  campaign  he  spoke  for  the  Bell  and 
F.verett  ticket.  When  it  began  to  appear  that  our  sectional  troubles 
^.\  ould  result  in  war,  he  made  a  more  careful  and  serious  review  of 
political  principles  as  represented  by  the  different  parties,  and  became 
convinced  that  those  of  the  American  party  were  erroneous,  especially 
that  feature  which  dealt  with  religious  belief,  and  that  the  Democratic 
theory  as  to  protection  was  more  constitutional  and  more  in  the  in 
terest  of  the  people  at  large  than  that  of  the  Whigs.  As  far  as  the 
Bell  and  Everett  platform  was  concerned,  being  simply  "  The  Union, 
the  Constitution,  and  the  Enforcement  of  the  Laws,"  he  could  con 
scientiously  hold  to  that  while  the  election  was  pending,  and  found  no 
fault  with  it  afterward ;  but  from  the  Republican  doctrine  that  the  con 
stitution  authorized  a  resort  to  force  to  maintain  the  Union,  he  utterly 
dissented  and  held  that  even  the  extreme  views  of  the  State  Sovereignty 
Democrats  were  more  tenable,  as  being  more  in  accordance  with  the 
principles  of  the  fathers.  At  any  rate  he  felt  that  he  could  consistently 
act  with  the  State  Rights  party,  whose  teachings  at  the  time  had  little 
reference  to  the  nice  distinction  between  State  Rights  and  State 
Sovereignty,  but  did  in  reality  maintain  the  latter;  and  he  became  the 
candidate  of  that  party  for  Congress  in  the  Louisville  district  at  the 


528  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

special  June  election,  1861.  The  result  of  that  election  was  con 
clusive  as  to  the  possibility  of  Kentucky's  taking  decisive  action  in 
favor  of  the  Southern  movement,  whither  the  drift  of  public  sentiment 
had  strongly  tended  during  the  early  months  of  the  year,  and  that 
large  and  influential  element  who  believed  the  State  to  have  been  be 
trayed  into  adopting  the  disreputable  policy  of  so-called  armed 
neutrality  took  steps  to  ally  themselves  by  formal  action  (revolutionary 
action,  it  may  perhaps  be  called),  with  the  Confederacy.  Judge  Bruce 
was  a  member  of  the  Southern  Conference  at  Russellville,  October 
29th~3ist,  1 86 1,  and  of  the  Sovereignty  Convention  which  met  pur 
suant  to  a  call  issued  by  the  conference,  and  which  was  held  at  the  same 
place,  November  iSth-aoth,  1861. 

This  convention,  representing  the  southern  sentiment  of  Kentucky, 
having  passed  an  ordinance  of  secession,  adopted  a  constitution,  and 
organized  a  provisional  government  under  which  the  State  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  Confederacy;  and  of  the  Council  of  Ten  (having 
legislative  functions),  Judge  Bruce  was  made  the  member  for  the  Louis 
ville  district.  At  the  election  held  January  22d,  1862,  he  was  elected 
to  represent  Kentucky  in  the  Confederate  Congress,  and  was  reelected 
February  roth,  1864. 

After  the  downfall  of  the  Confederacy  he  came  back  to  Louisville 
and  resumed  the  practice  of  law.  In  August,  1868,  he  was  elected 
Circuit  Judge  of  the  Ninth  Judicial  District  (Jefferson,  Oldham,  Shelby, 
Spencer,  and  Bullitt  Counties).  In  January,  1873,  he  was  appointed 
Chancellor  of  the  Louisville  Chancery  Court  to  fill  a  vacancy  pending 
the  special  election  in  February  following,  when  he  was  elected  for 
the  unexpired  term.  In  August,  1874,  he  was  reelected  for  a  full  six- 
year  term ;  but  a  short  time  before  the  expiration  of  the  term  (March, 
1880),  he  resigned,  to  accept  the  attorneyship  of  the  Louisville  & 
Nashville  Railroad  Company,  which  position  he  has  held  ever  since, 
being  now  the  company's  chief  attorney. 

He  is  a  Royal  Arch  Mason,  and,  by  virtue  of  services  rendered  by 
ancestors  both  paternal  and  maternal  in  achieving  American  inde 
pendence,  a  member  of  the  Kentucky  Society  of  Sons  of  the  Revo 
lution. 

DR.   DANIEL  P.  WHITE. 

Intimately  connected  with  the  Kentucky  Brigade  during  a  part  of 
its  career,  and  an  active  promoter  of  enlistment,  equipping,  and  other 
preparations  for  taking  the  field,  Dr.  White's  service  for  the  Confed 
eracy  was  held  to  associate  his  name  with  that  command,  and  to  make 
him  at  least  an  honorary  member.  As  a  representative  in  the  Con- 


DR.   DANIEL   P.   \VHITK. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  529 

federate  Congress  he  watched  the  interests  of  the  Kentucky  troops 
with  a  jealous  eye,  and  did  all  that  his  position  enabled  him  to  do  for 
their  honor  and  their  welfare. 

He  was  born  in  Green  County,  Ky.,  November  16,  1814.  His 
father,  W.  P.  White,  was  prominent  in  business  and  public  affairs,  and 
represented  his  county  in  the  Legislature  several  times.  His  grand 
father,  Maj.  Daniel  White,  served  in  the  campaigns  of  Gen.  Harrison 
in  the  Northwest,  1812-15,  and  was  for  eighteen  years  a  member  of 
the  Kentucky  State  Senate. 

Dr.  White  was  prepared  for  college  by  the  private  schools  of  his  own 
county ;  then  took  the  usual  course  in  Center  College ;  afterward  stud 
ied  medicine  at  Lexington,  Ky.,  and  Cincinnati,  O.;  and,  having  com 
pleted  the  course  in  medicine  and  surgery,  located  in  Green  County, 
where  (and  in  adjoining  counties)  he  had  a  large  and  lucrative  practice 
for  many  years. 

He  married,  June  14,  1837,  Miss  Nancy  F.  Clarke,  of  Cumberland 
County. 

In  politics  he  was  an  uncompromising  Democrat,  of  the  Jefferson 
school,  and  was  several  times  elected  by  his  party  to  represent  his 
legislative  district  in  the  General  Assembly ;  and  was  Speaker  of  the 
House,  1857-59. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  National  Democratic  Convention  of  1860, 
instructed  to  support  the  Hon.  James  Guthrie  for  President;  was  that 
year  a  Douglas  elector  for  the  State-at-large,  having  declined  to  bolt 
the  convention  in  common  with  the  men  of  extreme  Southern  views 
who  afterward  nominated  Breckinridge  and  Lane. 

When  the  power  of  the  government  passed,  with  the  election  of 
Mr.  Lincoln,  into  the  hands  of  the  radical  minority,  with  whose  views 
he  was  utterly  at  variance,  he  declared  his  allegiance  to  the  Southern 
cause,  and  when  war  resulted  he  favored  determined  opposition,  on 
the  part  of  Kentucky,  to  the  coercive  measures  of  the  Washington 
government.  He  allied  himself  with  those  who  were  organizing  re 
sistance,  and  was  especially  intolerant  of  the  so-called  peace  policy 
which  eventuated  in  a  declaration  of  neutrality,  in  which  he  had  no 
faith. 

When  active  enlistment  began,  he  removed  most  of  his  slave  prop 
erty  to  Yell  County,  Ark.,  and  then  returned  to  Camp  Boone.  He 
was  actively  but  unofficially  engaged  in  giving  medical  attention  to  the 
Kentucky  volunteers  till  after  the  Central  Army  took  position  at  Bowl 
ing  Green  and  farther  northward.  In  November,  1861,  he  took  part 
in  organizing  a  Provisional  Government  for  Kentucky,  and  securing 
its  admission  to  the  Confederacy,  and  was  elected  to  the  Richmond 
Congress. 

34 


530  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

He  had  previously  taken  part  with  the  Texas  Rangers  in  the  fight 
below  Munfordville,  in  which  Col.  Terry  was  killed,  and  was  near 
that  dashing  officer  when  he  fell. 

When  his  presence  was  not  absolutely  required  at  Richmond,  he 
was  with  troops  in  the  field.  At  Shiloh  he  was  on  duty  as  volunteer 
field  surgeon.  It  was  reported  and  for  sometime  believed  by  his  wife 
in  Kentucky  that  he  was  killed  at  Shiloh ;  and  it  was  not  till  his 
brother  went  down  to  remove  his  body  to  his  native  State  that  the 
rumor  was  found  to  be  false. 

His  son  (now  Dr.  William  P.  White,  of  Louisville)  was  through 
out  the  war  a  member  of  the  Second  Regiment  Arkansas  Cavalry; 
and  he  occasionally  visited  him  in  the  Trans-Mississippi  Depart 
ment,  and  on  three  occasions  took  part  with  him  in  battle — at  Prairie 
Grove,  Poison  Spring,  and  Jenkins'  Ferry.  He  was  also  on  the  field 
during  some  of  the  numerous  battles  in  Virginia. 

After  the  war  he  came  back  to  Kentucky ;  but  instead  of  engaging 
in  the  exclusive  practice  of  his  profession,  he  embraced  what  he  re 
garded  as  a  better  chance  to  retrieve  his  broken  fortunes,  and  entered 
into  the  tobacco  warehouse  business  in  Louisville.  This,  by  energy 
and  good  judgment,  he  made  remunerative,  and  he  did  much  mean 
while  to  place  that  city  at  the  head  of  the  tobacco  markets  of  the  world. 
At  the  time  of  his  death  (April  izth,  1890),  he  had  met  all  the  pecu 
niary  obligations  which  the  fortunes  of  the  war  had  imposed  upon  him 
and  accumulated  a  considerable  estate. 

He  was  a  strong,  self-poised,  brave,  and  stern  man,  but  of  kindly 
heart  withal.  To  his  family  he  was  tenderly  devoted,  and  to  his  friends 
as  true  as  steel.  He  did  not  take  position  on  any  matter  of  moment 
without  serious  reflection  ;  but  when  he  had  resolved  upon  a  course  in 
accordance  with  his  convictions  he  was  as  immovable  as  the  hills. 


ELDER  J.   D.   PICKETT. 

Joseph  Desha  Pickett  was  born  at  Washington,  Mason  County,  Ky., 
January  6,  1822.  His  grandparents,  paternal  and  maternal,  were 
pioneers  of  the  State,  and  descendants  of  the  Huguenots,  whose  name 
in  history  is  synonymous  with  devotion  to  political  and  religious  lib 
erty. 

He  enjoyed  rare  advantages  for  education.  At  an  early  age,  he 
moved  to  Washington  City  with  his  parents,  where  his  father  was  en 
gaged  in  the  public  service  of  his  country.  This  was  during  the  palm} 
days  of  the  republic,  when  Jackson,  Webster,  Clay,  and  Calhoun  were 
the  leading  men,  whose  illustrious  patriotism  and  integrity  told  the  world 


ELDER  JOS.  DESIIA   PICKETT. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  531 

that  we  had  a  country.  His  father,  a  highly  accomplished  gentleman, 
for  years  directed  and  superintended  the  education  of  his  sons.  His 
mother  possessed  one  of  those  eminent  natures  whose  influence  is  felt 
and  whose  memories  live  in  the  hearts  of  those  who  have  been  associ 
ated  with  them.  She  died  during  the  ^arly  youth  of  her  sons.  After 
her  death,  Joseph  D.  Pickett  entered  upon  his  collegiate  education. 
He  attended  two  most  noted  institutions — Nassau  Hall  and  Bethany. 
Some  time  after  his  course  at  the  latter  college  Was  completed,  he  trav 
eled  in  Europe,  Asia,  and  Africa  with  great  advantage,  in  consequence 
of  his  extensive  reading  and  familiarity  with  both  classical  and  modern 
languages  and  history. 

On  his  return  from  this  extensive  tour  of  more  than  two  years,  vari 
ous  positions  were  offered  him,  and  he  finally  accepted  a  professor's 
chair  in  Bethany  College,  through  whose  walls  he  had  passed  as  a 
student.  He  remained  here  until  after  the  opening  of  the  war  in  1861. 
At  an  early  period  of  these  exciting  times,  he  was  nominated  as  candi 
date  for  the  Virginia  Convention.  This  was  done  in  his  absence,  and 
over  his  protest,  for  he  preferred  the  nomination  of  one  of  the  candi 
dates  already  in  the  field.  But,  with  his  usual  earnestness  and  direct 
ness,  he  accepted  the  call,  and  zealously  entered  upon  his  work,  and 
has  been  known,  laughingly,  to  remark,  that  he  "  was  nominated,  that 
lie  accepted,  that  he  completed  his  campaign,  and  was  beaten,  all  in 
one  week" — so  rapid  were  the  movements  and  revolutions  of  the  day. 
His  campaign  over,  he  returned  to  his  post  as  professor,  and  remained 
in  discharge  of  his  duty  until  the  college  (for  the  session)  was  dissolved, 
.and  until  the  last  class  and  last  student  of  that  memorable  term  had 
recited  in  the  halls  of  Bethany.  He  continued  about  a  fortnight  at 
Bethany,  and  then  removed  his  family  to  Kentucky;  and  started  south 
ward  with  the  intention  of  finding  a  home  and  returning  to  take  his 
family  South.  He  believed  it  to  be  the  honor  and  the  duty  of  every 
Southerner  to  be  upon  the  soil,  ready  for  service. 

A  few  weeks  after  he  reached  Richmond,  our  troubles  culminated 
in  Kentucky,  and  the  army  was  established  at  Bowling  Green.  This 
was  the  beginning  of  a  separation  which  lasted  through  the  war.  Con 
sidering  it  his  duty  to  go  where,  in  his  judgment,  he  could  do  most 
good,  he  became  a  chaplain,  for  he  desired  to  minister  to  the  spiritual 
wants  of  the  thousands  of  sufferers  with  whom  he  knew  he  would  come 
in  contact.  Having  joined  the  army  in  this  capacity,  he  was  found 
more  than  once  pressing  forward  in  the  heat  of  battle,  sharing  the  hot 
exposure  for  the  sake  of  the  soldiers  who  fell.  His  friends  around  him 
remonstrated  with  him  at  this  exposure  of  his  life;  but  his  response 
was,  "Those  who  need  my  services  first  and  most  are  those  who  fall 
first  in  the  battles  of  my  country.  There  are  messages  to  mothers  on 


532  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

the  dying  soldier's  lips,  that  would  never  be  conveyed  were  I  to  wait 
until  the  shock  is  over."  The  shells  hurtled  over  him,  the  bullets 
whistled  around  him,  but  they  never  drowned  the  voice  of  prayer  upon 
his  lips,  and  never  out-sang  the  voice  of  sympathy  within  his  heart. 
Though  imperiling  his  life  in  this  manner,  he  was  untouched  by  mis 
siles  except  that,  during  the  siege  of  Jackson,  while  sitting  in  an  ex 
posed  place,  quietly  conversing  with  two  or  three  officers,  a  spent  bul 
let  struck  his  foot.  Some  one  picked  it  up  and  presented  it  to  him. 
He  remarked  that  he  was  thankful  it  struck  his  foot  instead  of  his  head. 
The  regiment  (Second)  was  then  on  special  duty  to  support  Cobb's 
Battery,  and  he  was  the  only  man  hit.  Alluding  to  it,  he  laughingly 
remarked,  "You  see,  now,  that  chaplains  are  not  bullet-proof." 

Shortly  after  he  went  South  he  was  elected,  by  absent  citizens,  to 
the  convention  at  Richmond,  to  fill  the  vacancy  which  had  been  cre 
ated  in  the  county  of  Brooke.  He  was  a  member  of  that  noted  body, 
and  was  present  at  its  dissolution.  After  this,  however,  his  family 
being  in  his  native  State,  he  identified  himself  with  the  Kentuckians, 
and  in  field  and  in  hospital  was  untiring  in  his  efforts  to  alleviate  their 
wants,  to  soothe  their  sorrows,  to  encourage  and  upbuild  their  hopes. 
While  he  thus  devoted  himself  to  his  fellow-soldiers,  he  sought  also' 
the  sick  and  wounded,  the  sorrowing  and  suffering,  of  the  Federal 
army.  On  the  field,  in  the  hospital,  in  prison,  he  was  ever  ready  to 
soothe  and  comfort  the  soldier  in  that  dread  hour  when  time  and 
eternity  met  above  his  gaping  wound  and  contended  for  his  struggling 
spirit  as  it  awaited  its  fate. 

The  regard  of  the  soldiers  of  his  brigade  for  Prof.  Pickett  was  such 
that  they  nominated  him  to  represent  them  in  Congress.  For  certain 
reasons  the  nomination  was  declined.  And,  finally,  his  health  being 
broken  by  exposure,  he  was  compelled  to  resign  his  position  and  leave 
the  field.  But  this  he  did  not  do  until  his  brigade  was  retired,  in  order 
to  be  mounted.  He  continued  as  president  of  the  Kentucky  Relief 
Society  (of  which  he  was  founder),  and  earnestly  pleaded  the  cause 
of  the  Kentucky  soldier  at  Richmond.  The  work  accomplished  by 
this  society,  the  soldiers  themselves  will  never  forget.  Not  until  the 
last  shot  had  been  fired  did  he  cease  his  labor  of  love. 

At  the  conclusion  of  the  war  he  returned  to  Kentucky,  and  resumed 
the  work  of  the  ministry.  He  was  connected  with  the  Kentucky 
University  in  1867-68;  was  professor  in  the  Agricultural  and  Mechan 
ical  College  in  1878-79;  was  elected  during  the  latter  year  superin 
tendent  of  Public  Instruction,  and  was  twice  reflected,  serving  in 
that  office  twelve  consecutive  years.  At  different  times  during  his 
connection  with  the  State  College  and  the  University  of  Kentucky,  he 
was  president  of  the  former  and  of  the  College  of  Arts  in  the  latter. 


ELDER   G.   B.     OVERTON. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  533 

On  retiring  from  office  in  1891,  he  removed  with  his  family  to  River 
Forest,  Illinois,  where  he  has  since  resided. 

REV.  G.  B.  OVERTON. 

George  Buck  Overton,  son  of  Garland  Terrell  Overton  and  Louisa 
(Garnett)  Overton,  was  born  in  Meade  County,  Ky.,  April  18,  1839. 
The  place  of  his  birth  had  been  the  home  of  three  generations  of  the 
family. 

His  progenitors  on  both  sides  were  of  good  old  English  stock,  who 
came  to  Virginia  in  the  early  history  of  that  colony  and  afterward  set 
tled  in  Kentucky,  where  they  were  identified  with  the  stirring  events 
of  our  pioneer  times. 

The  father  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  a  miller,  farmer,  and 
trader,  who  died  in  his  thirty-second  year,  leaving  him  one  of  the 
three  children  dependent  upon  the  widowed  mother,  who  was  in  but 
moderate  circumstances.  This  son  was  sent  to  live  with  a  paternal 
uncle;  but  when  his  mother  remarried  he  returned  home. 

His  opportunities  for  an  education  were  confined  to  only  a  few 
years;  but  he  mastered  thoroughly  every  branch  embraced  in  his 
course.  He  attended  neighborhood  schools  and  Transylvania  Uni 
versity  ;  but  the  part  of  his  education  most  prized  by  him  is  that  ob 
tained  under  the  tuition  of  Prof.  D.  C.  Cully,  with  whom  he  studied, 
and  with  whom  he  was  associated  for  a  time  as  teacher. 

Intending  to  adopt  the  law  as  a  profession,  for  which  he  was  pecu 
liarly  fitted  by  a  thoroughly  logical  mind  and  a  capacity  for  grasping 
and  mastering  the  most  intricate  subjects,  he  began  by  teaching,  and 
reading  law  during  leisure  hours,  to  fit  himself  for  admission  to  the 
bar.  This  course  he  pursued  for  some  time,  teaching  at  Garnettsville, 
West  Point,  and  Middletown.  After  his  conversion,  however  (De 
cember,  1857),  he  was  influenced  to  give  up  law  for  the  ministry. 

His  parents  were  Baptists,  but  he  followed  his  own  convictions  and 
joined  the  Methodist  Church,  by  which  body  he  was  licensed  in  1859 
to  preach.  His  first  sermon  was  delivered  at  Doe  Run  Church,  from 
the  text  "Worship  God." 

He  joined  the  Louisville  Conference  at  Bardstown  (1859),  and  was 
stationed  at  Millerstown.  His  second  appointment  was  at  Asbury 
Chapel)  Louisville,  where  he  remained  from  October  to  July,  at  which 
time  he  entered  the  ranks  of  the  Confederate  army.  On  his  last 
Sunday  the  congregation  was  so  small  that  he  was  influenced  to  ask 
the  reason,  and  was  told  that  his  church  people  would  not  come  to 
hear  a  rebel.  Going  to  his  Presiding  Elder,  Dr.  Lynn,  he  told  him  of 
his  desire  to  enter  the  Confederate  service.  The  doctor  replied  that 


534  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

it  was  exactly  what  he  wanted  to  do.  Overton  thereupon  enlisted  un 
der  Capt.  Chipley,  and  was  stationed  at  Camp  Boone.  He  joined  the 
army  the  day  after  the  second  battle  of  Bull  Run  and  served  through 
the  four  years. 

He  was  appointed  chaplain  of  the  Second  Kentucky  Infantry,  July 
19,  1861,  but  remained  in  the  ranks,  doing  a  private  soldier's  duty, 
until  October.  He  then  served  as  chaplain  until  September,  1862, 
when,  upon  the  regiment's  return  from  prison,  he  was  elected  second 
lieutenant  of  Co.  E,  receiving  the  vote  of  every  member  of  the  com 
pany;  and  about  five  months  afterward  (February,  1863),  ne  was 
promoted  to  first  lieutenant.  He  fought  in  every  battle  in  which  his 
regiment  took  part — at  Donelson,  where  he  became  a  prisoner  with 
the  rest,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  (May  2oth,  1864),  to  Atlanta 
(July  1 8th,  1864);  at  Peachtree  Creek,  Intrenchment  Creek,  and 
Utoy  Creek  ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro' ;  and  some  of  the  mounted  en 
gagements.  During  the  siege  of  Atlanta  he  was  wounded  in  the  knee ; 
and  after  the  brigade  entered  South  Carolina  he  was  again  captured 
(April  loth,  1865),  and  was  shortly  afterward  sent  to  Johnson's  Island, 
where  he  was  detained  in  prison  more  than  three  months  after  the  sur 
render  of  Johnston  in  North  Carolina — till  August  3rd.  While  there 
in  captivity  he  devoted  himself  to  the  study  of  law  and  theology. 

Returning  home,  he  engaged  in  business  (preaching  also  as  occa 
sion  offered)  for  about  four  years,  when  he  again  joined  the  Louisville 
Conference  (1869).  Meanwhile  (December  26th,  1865,)  he  had  mar 
ried  Miss  Sue  J.  Lawson,  of  Garnettsville,  a  sweetheart  whom  he  had 
once  walked  five  hundred  miles  to  see.  They  have  reared  to  manhood 
and  womanhood  six  children,  seeking  by  precept  and  example  to  im 
press  them  with  the  importance  of  following  after  those  things  that 
make  for  the  higher  life  rather  than  for  those  that  please  the  sense,  but 
perish  with  the  using. 

Since  1869,  he  has  continued  active  in  the  ministry — serving  vari 
ous  churches  west  of  Louisville,  till  1885,  when  he  came  to  Louisville, 
where  he  has  since  made  his  home,  giving  six  of  the  twelve  years  to 
Jefferson-street  Church,  one  to  the  Portland  Church,  and  one  to  that 
of  Jeffersonville,  Indiana,  being  for  three  years  presiding  elder  of  the 
Louisville  District,  and  now  (1898)  serving  his  second  year  as  presid 
ing  elder  of  the  Elizabethtown  District. 

Capt.  John  H.  Weller  belonged  to  another  regiment,  but  he  was 
keenly  observant  and  dearly  loved  a  superior  type  of  soldier,  in  what 
ever  regiment  he  found  him,  and  he  could  but  be  attracted  to  Overton 
— a  man  who  kept  his  place  as  an  irreproachable  minister  of  the  gospel 
while  fighting  fiercely,  as  have  fought  in  all  ages  profoundly  earnest 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  535 

men  who  felt  that  they  must  protest  against  outrage  and  plant  them 
selves  defiantly  in  the  path  of  an  invader.  Weller  wrote  of  him  sub 
sequently  :  "  On  my  mind  is  yet  pictured  an  impressive  scene — a  tall, 
handsome  man,  in  the  uniform  of  a  Confederate  officer,  towering  above 
the  recumbent  forms  of  comrades,  whose  eyes  were  riveted  on  him, 
and  whose  faces  forcefully  indexed  the  emotions  of  their  hearts.  It 
was  in  the  gloaming,  with  which  we  associate  quietude  and  rest;  but 
alas!  not  so  then.  The  death  dealing  shells  fluttered  as  they  flew; 
and  the  spitting,  crying  voice  of  the  bullet, — these  warned  us  that 
lives  were  hanging  on  threads  all  too  brittle.  As  long  as  life  lasts,  and 
the  '  lost  cause  '  clings  to  us  as  a  sacred  memory,  I  shall  glory  in  the 
remembrance  of  Buck  Overton's  prayer-meetings  behind  the  trenches, 
as  we  were  trying  to  stem  the  tide  of  Sherman's  '  March  to  the  Sea.' 
No  chaplain  in  the  army  was  more  successful  than  he,  though  he  did 
his  whole  duty  as  a  soldier.  He  was  always  at  work,  just  as  earnestly 
as  he  fought.  Then  he  fought  and  prayed,  and  now  at  home  he  works 
and  prays.  As  a  presiding  elder  he  preaches  constantly." 

And  a  church  brother  who  knows  him  well  declares  that  it  is  safe 
to  say  that  Overton  has  kept  up  his  work  better  and  done  more  good 
than  any  other  man  Louisville  ever  had. 

Maj.  Semple,  who  knew  him  from  the  time  of  his  enlistment,  and 
observed  his  course  thenceforward  till  he  (Semple)  was  transferred  to 
Virginia,  says  :  "  From  my  personal  knowledge  of  Mr.  Overton  I 
consider  him  one  of  the  coolest  and  most  gallant  men  in  battle  that  I 
ever  saw.  I  believe  he  did  not  know  what  danger  was,  and  if  he  did 
know,  he  ignored  it  utterly.  I  recall  having  seen  him  in  the  hottest 
Tights  under  a  galling  fire,  kneel  down  very  coolly  by  a  fallen  comrade 
to  talk  with  him  and  pray  for  him ;  and  he  would  pray  as  calmly  as  if 
there  were  no  danger  nigh,  even  though  balls  and  shells  were  falling 
around  him  all  the  time.  I  remember  having  seen  him  do  this  many 
times,  but  I  noticed  him  more  especially  at  Chickamauga,  one  of  our 
hardest  battles.  He  was  a  great  favorite  with  all  the  officers,  and  was 
highly  respected  by  all  the  men  of  the  command.  I  think  he  had  more 
influence  for  good  morally  than  any  other  man  in  the  regiment  to  which 
he  belonged.  He  was  unusually  modest,  never  putting  himself  for 
ward — really  he  seemed  so  backward  that  one  would  suppose  that  he 
was  not  concerned  about  the  cause,  when  in  reality  his  whole  heart 
was  in  it." 

During  the  four  years  of  bitter  trial — years  of  war  with  their  mani 
fold  temptations  and  influences  that  too  often  degrade — the  "  Fighting 
Chaplain,"  as  he  was  called,  remained  the  clean-minded  and  pure- 
hearted  Christian  gentleman — a  type  of  man  that  makes  the  best  and 
bravest  soldier,  for  such  a  one  enlists  only  under  a  banner  which  em- 


536  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

blems  to  him  a  right  and  good  cause ;  then  goes  forward  with  something 
of  that  spirit  which  animated  the  Crusaders  to  fight  and  suffer  and  die 
for  the  recovery  of  the  Holy  Sepulcher ;  and  he  strikes  in  the  fear  of 
God. 


REV.   H.   H.   KAVANAUGH. 

Hubbard  Hinde  Kavanaugh,  son  of  the  Rev.  Williams  Barbour 
Kavanaugh  and  Susan  (Evans)  Kavanaugh,  was  born  in  Mt.  Sterling, 
Ky.,  May  28,  1836. 

He  had  his  preparatory  training  for  college  in  various  primary 
schools  and  directly  from  his  parents ;  and  eventually  became  a  man 
of  far  greater  attainments  than  he  was  ordinarily  credited  with,  since 
he  never  vaunted  himself  on  either  the  possession  of  learning  or  the 
performance  of  gallant  and  good  deeds.  His  father  was,  for  a  part  of 
his  active  life,  a  missionary  to  the  border  Indians  and  a  teacher  among 
them,  and  the  son  spent  some  years  of  his  boyhood  on  the  frontier 
with  his  parents  in  their  dangerous  and  self-sacrificing  work. 

The  family  resided  in  Newport,  Ky.,  about  the  time  he  reached 
adult  age,  and  from  this  place  he  went  to  Fulton,  Mo.,  where  he  was 
engaged  by  a  kinsman,  Dr.  Hinde,  as  prescription  druggist.  He  had 
previously  had  instruction  in  pharmacy.  He  did  not  remain  here  long, 
however.  Having  determined  to  enter  the  ministry  he  went  to 
Greensboro',  Ala.,  where  he  took  a  course  in  the  Southern  University, 
and  graduated  in  June,  1861,  with  the  degree  of  A.  B.  Meanwhile 
he  had  been  licensed  as  a  minister  in  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church, 
South,  and  had  preached  at  times  while  a  student. 

Returning  to  Kentucky,  he  was  arrested  by  the  Federal  authorities 
on  the  usual  charge  of  disloyalty ;  but  he  escaped  soon  after  and  en 
listed  with  Morgan's  cavalry,  with  which  he  served  about  thirteen 
months.  During  this  time  he  was  three  times  wounded — the  first  time 
but  slightly  in  the  calf  of  the  leg ;  the  second,  by  a  shot  in  the  ankle, 
from  which  he  soon  recovered;  but  the  third  time  severely,  a  leg  being 
broken  near  the  knee  by  a  heavy  ball.  He  was  taken  to  a  hospital  in 
Knoxville,  Tenn.,  where,  before  he  was  sufficiently  recovered  for 
active  duty,  either  field  or  post,  he  took  upon  himself  the  work  and 
incurred  the  additional  danger  of  nursing  small-pox  patients,  this  dread 
disease  having  broken  out  among  the  inmates.  When  able  to  leave 
the  place,  he  was  still  incapable  of  arduous  military  duty,  and  was 
sent  on  indefinite  furlough  to  Greensboro',  Ala.,  where  he  had  taken 
his  college  course,  and  the  president  of  the  university,  Whiteman, 
(afterward  bishop,)  assigned  to  him  a  vacant  circuit,  pending  his  re 
covery  of  health  and  strength  that  would  warrant  his  return  to  the 


ELDER  II.  H.  KAVANAUGH. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  537 

army.  While  on  this  circuit  he  was  married,  December  22,  1863,  to 
Miss  Anna  M.  Kimbrough,  a  daughter  of  Marmaduke  Kimbrough,  a 
prominent  planter  of  Green  County,  Ala.  He  now  spent  a  month  in 
soliciting  contributions  of  supplies  of  clothing  for  the  soldiers  at  the 
front,  and  in  purchasing  them  when  not  otherwise  obtainable.  He 
used  to  give,  as  illustrating  the  straits  to  which  the  Confederate  gov 
ernment  was  then  reduced  in  the  matter  of  furnishing  its  soldiers,  the 
prices  paid  for  certain  articles ;  as  $60  for  a  single  pair  of  shoes,  and 
these  not  of  the  best,  and  so  on  of  other  things. 

Sometime  in  January,  1864,  he  was  assigned  to  duty,  at  his  own  re 
quest,  as  chaplain  of  the  Sixth  Kentucky  Infantry,  and  ordered  to 
report  to  Gen.  Lewis.  Reaching  Dalton  early  in  February,  he  began 
his  service  with  that  command,  which  terminated  only  with  the  close 
of  the  war.  It  was  such  as  to  win  the  admiration  of  all  who  knew 
how  to  appreciate  unostentatious  valor,  and  simple,  but  never  flagging 
devotion  to  his  comrades.  When  the  Kentuckians  were  ordered  for 
ward  in  February  to  occupy  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  in  anticipation  of  an 
advance  by  Sherman,  Kavanaugh  marched  and  bivouacked  with  the 
men,  and  was  ready  for  the  fray;  and  when,  on  the  jth  of  May,  the 
Confederate  Army  began  that  wonderful  struggle  of  four  months  with 
a  thrice  powerful,  aggressive,  and  gallant  foe,  the  chaplain  of  the  Sixth 
Kentucky  Infantry  was  always  "present  for  duty" — not  only  in  his 
province  of  spiritual  adviser  and  comforter,  but  as  a  nurse  for  the  sick 
and  wounded  and  a  purveyor  for  the  needy.  His  efforts  provided 
much  that  our  commissariat  could  not  give,  and  he  mitigated  the  suffer 
ings  of  the  wounded  and  dying  as  few  other  men  did.  His  exertions 
were  given  without  stint  to  men  of  all  the  five  regiments  that  com 
posed  that  now  historic  band,  without  regard  to  regimental  number  ; 
and  a  thousand  eyes  of  stricken  Kentuckians  blessed  him  during  that 
memorable  campaign.  Danger  did  not  appal  him,  and  physical  suffer 
ing  had  no  power  to  drive  him  from  duty  until  it  became  disabling ; 
but  he  was  never  touched  with  "  that  last  infirmity  of  little  minds  " 
which  leads  its  possessor  to  exploit  his  adventures,  magnify  his  gal 
lantry,  and  base  on  an  occasional  worthy  service  a  claim  to  high  con 
sideration. 

Thomas  Owens,  of  the  Fourth  Kentucky,  wrote  thus  of  him  in  "The 
Sunny  South  "  of  June  2d,  1894  :  "  Possessing  in  a  marked  degree  the 
robust  qualities,  physical  and  mental,  of  the  eminent  Kavanaugh  fam 
ily  of  Methodist  preachers,  he  was  able  to  endure  all  the  hardships 
and  privations  of  the  soldier's  life  with  a  cheerfulness  which  inspired  his 
fellow-soldiers.  Many  a  time  has  the  writer  seen  him  trudging  along 
on  foot  with  the  boys  through  the  mud,  leading  his  horse,  ready  to  be 
used  by  the  first  footsore  and  exhausted  comrade  whose  needs  were 


538  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

made  known  to  him.  And  thus  was  he  ever  ready  to  minister  to  the 
bodily  as  well  as  to  the  spiritual  comfort  of  the  men.  Who  can  won 
der  that  his  influence  for  good  was  so  potent  with  them  ?" 

When  the  war  was  over  he  reentered  the  traveling  ministry,  preach 
ing  awhile  in  the  South,  then  in  Kentucky,  and  engaging  for  a  time  in 
teaching.  In  1883,  he  was  made  chaplain  of  the  State  prison,  at  the 
instance  and  through  the  influence  of  his  ever-faithful  friend,  Gen. 
Fayette  Hewitt.  In  this  capacity  his  life  was  characterized  by  the 
same  ever-active,  untiring  devotion  that  marked  him  as  a  soldier,  as  a 
teacher,  and  in  the  hard  and  exacting  life  of  an  itinerant  preacher. 
He  was  continued  in  this  office  by  successive  State  administrations 
until  his  death,  which  occurred  at  his  home  in  Frankfort  on  the  morn 
ing  of  January  18,  1892.  Three  hours  before  he  died,  when  scarcely 
able  to  utter  an  intelligible  word,  he  signified  that  he  wanted  all  the 
family  to  be  present  (all  who  were  able — one  was  absent,  others 
sick  abed)  that  he  might  pray  for  them.  With  faltering  tongue  and 
labored  effort  he  repeated  the  twenty-third  psalm, — "  the  Lord  is  my 
shepherd."  Then  he  prayed — the  last  of  coherent  speech  he  uttered 
here. 

With  a  great  heart  for  others  he  had  yet  been  mindful  of  his  own 
household  and  struggled  to  rear  in  the  fear  of  God  the  six  children 
who  grew  to  manhood  and  womanhood,  and  fit  them  by  education  for 
honorable  places  in  society. 

Thus  lived  and  died  an  unpretending  and  pure-hearted,  but  heroic 
man — of  sterling  old  pioneer  stock  and  illustrating  as  a  soldier  and  a 
citizen  its  sturdy  traits. 


THE   BRIGADE   BUGLE. 

Given  to  Gen.  Fayette  Hewitt  by  John  W.  Payne,  to  be  kept  in  his  collection 

of  Confederate  relics. 


PART  III. 

BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  INDIVIDUALS, 

FIELD  AND  STAFF, 

RANK  AND  FILE. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  541 


GENERAL  INTRODUCTORY  REMARKS. 


We  enter  upon  this  department  of  our  work  with  diffidence  and  em 
barrassment.  It  is  a  new  and  untried  project,  and  were  it  in  our  power 
to  accomplish  it  to  our  own  entire  satisfaction,  there  are  never  wanting 
those  who  are  ready  to  decry  any  departure  from  the  ordinary  general 
manner  of  recording  the  actions  of  men.  The  writer  of  military  an 
nals  has  usually  confined  himself  to  the  task  of  describing  the  deeds  of 
collective  bodies.  The  general  officer  is  the  agent  of  the  whole,  and 
if  his  prominent  subordinates  are  named,  they  serve  merely  as  the  co- 
representatives  of  the  collective  power.  As  a  common  rule,  this  is 
necessarily  so,  since  particular  detail  is  simply  impossible ;  and  the 
truth  of  history,  in  its  important  bearings  upon  the  lives,  fortunes,  and 
opinions  of  men,  is  sufficiently  attained  without  descending  into 
minutiae.  To  record  names  in  these  cases  is  unnecessary.  The  chief 
agents  in  memorable  actions — the  leaders  of  those  who  do  and  dare — 
who,  under  the  principal,  superintending,  directing  minds,  fight  bat 
tles  and  work  revolutions  in  the  affairs  of  nations,  are  unavoidably 
handed  down  to  personal  fame,  while  the  individuals  who  acted  under 
them  are  remembered  as  individuals  only,  perhaps,  in  their  own  fami 
lies,  or  in  the  little  circle  in  which  they  moved.  History  takes  no  cog 
nizance  of  the  names  of  even  so  small  a  body  as  the  "  Three  hundred 
deathless  Spartans,"  and  few  of  the  "Old  Guard"  of  Napoleon  had 
the  honor  of  being  borne  as  separate  characters  upon  the  calendar. 
In  the  case  under  consideration,  it  is  enough,  perhaps,  for  the  world 
in  general  to  know  that  the  First  Kentucky  Brigade  took  part,  as  a 
body,  in  such  and  such  actions ;  but  there  are  reasons  why,  to  Ken- 
tuckians  themselves,  this  is  not  enough.  More,  we  may  say  without 
hesitancy,  than  in  almost  any  other  military  organization  of  which  we 
have  been  personally  cognizant,  or  of  whose  material  we  have  had  the 
means  of  judging  by  written  records,  was  the  great  body  of  private 
soldiers  the  peers  of  their  commanders.  The  chief  difference,  in  a 
large  number  of  instances,  could  be  summed  up  in  the  simple  state 
ment  that  the  officer  was  one  whose  merit  had  been  acknowledged  and 
rewarded  by  place  and  power,  while  the  private,  though  of  acknowl 
edged  worth  and  ability,  had  not  been  distinguished  by  rank. 

In  looking  over  the  lists  of  names,  how  many  do  we  recognize  as 
those  of  men  who  could  have  filled  almost  any  station  in  the  army  with 


542  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

honor  to  themselves  and  to  the  country  ?  How  many  who,  living,  would 
adorn  any  position  in  society,  and  discharge  any  public  trust,  however 
momentous,  with  ability  and  credit?  And  to  these  men  in  the  ranks — 
talented,  educated,  well-bred  gentlemen — of  business  capacity,  of 
social  position  and  influence  at  home,  more  than  to  the  officers,  was 
due  the  excellent  morale  and  marked  character  of  the  command.  The 
threadbare,  even  ragged  gray  coat,  the  short,  ill-fitting,  coarse  pants, 
feet,  often  stockingless,  thrust  into  heavy  shoes,  and  the  horrid  cap 
that  such  a  man  was  doomed  to  wear  had  no  power  to  disguise  him. 
To  all  lawful  rule  he  submitted  with  a  grace  that  made  obedience  ap 
pear,  as  it  really  was,  the  means  of  obtaining  and  preserving  not  only 
order,  but  distinction  in  the  day  when  manhood  should  assert  itself  by 
deeds  of  prowess.  The  officer  represented  authority,  and  the  soldier 
accorded  him  honor  as  such,  and  conformed  to  the  dictates  of  that 
authority  without  any  thought  of  lowering  self-respect  or  feeling  dis 
honored  by  submitting.  And  few  were  the  instances  in  which  officers 
had  to  resort  to  extreme  measures.  Though  there  were  bad  men  in 
the  ranks,  as  there  must  perforce  be  in  any  body  of  equal  magnitude, 
the  stocks  and  the  pillory  (as  has  been  heretofore  remarked)  were 
never  erected  for  that  command;  no  member  ever  had  his  head 
shaved,  none  ever  stepped  to  that  lugubrious  tune,  the  "Rogue's 
March ; "  and  no  one  of  them  knows,  to  this  day,  the  comfort  and 
convenience  of  that  beautiful  arrangement  called  the  "  barrel-shirt." 
The  singular  clearness  with  which  the  Confederates  of  Kentucky  saw 
and  interpreted  the  designs  of  the  new  administration,  the  striking 
exactness  with  which  they  detailed  the  results  that  would  flow  from 
the  success  of  the  Northern  arms,  their  steady  adherence  to  the 
principles  which  they  advocated,  notwithstanding  the  influences  exerted 
upon  them  by  the  powerful  party,  and  their  manly  and  singularly  de 
voted  defense  of  the  rights  of  the  States,  has  thrown  about  them  a 
kind  of  romantic  interest,  and  the  day  is  fast  approaching  when  the 
people  of  Kentucky  will  be  still  more  deeply  interested  in  knowing 
who  were  those  families  that  were  represented  in  the  "Army  of  the 
Confederate  States,"  and  who  were  the  men  that  took  part — a  promi 
nent  and  more  than  commonly  honorable  part — in  that  struggle  at 
which  the  world  wonders  more  and  more  as  the  light  gradually  breaks 
upon  the  true  nature  of  the  contest  and  the  strange  devotion  of  the 
people. 

It  was  said  by  men  high  in  command  during  the  war — men,  too,  who 
had  no  immediate  connection  with  the  Kentucky  infantry,  and  who 
felt  no  interest  in  them  more  than  was  occasioned  by  their  soldierly 
deeds — that  in  after  years  a  man  could  claim  "  no  higher  honor  than 
that  of  having  been  a  worthy  member  of  the  First  Kentucky  Brigade." 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  543 

If  this  be  the  case,  then,  it  is  well  to  record  these  names,  and  to  tell, 
in  a  simple  way,  the  main  incidents  in  the  life  of  each  during  his  mili 
tary  service,  thus  leaving  an  indisputable  evidence  to  posterity  that  they 
were  of  the  gallant  band,  and  that  their  offspring  may  justly  claim  the 
honor  of  descent  from  those  who  best  illustrated  Kentucky's  old  re 
nown  for  adherence  to  principle,  scorn  of  wrong  and  oppression,  and 
a  gallant  defense  of  rights  assailed.  In  such  a  record  there  is  no  room 
for  amplification  nor  the  play  of  rhetoric — it  must  be  a  concise,  straight 
forward  statement  of  the  facts;  but  still  it  may  not  be  uninteresting  to 
either  the  thoughtful  or  the  curious  general  reader,  while  to  Kentuck- 
ians  themselves  it  must  surely  constitute  one  of  the  most  interesting 
features  of  the  work.  It  will  form  a  kind  of  heraldic  repository,  where 
future  generations  of  men  may  seek  for  proof  in  support  of  claims  to 
hereditary  honors.  It  may  be  a  means  of  imbuing  the  children  with 
the  spirit  of  the  fathers,  and  of  teaching  them  that  they  who  rally  at 
the  bugle-blast,  in  the  day  of  their  country's  calamity,  and  stand  fast 
by  the  banner  of  their  choice,  shall  "in  nowise  lose  their  reward." 
And  this  departure  from  the  general  tenor  of  historical  writings  is  the 
more  allowable  from  the  fact  that  we  aspire  to  nothing  more  than  to 
chronicle  the  deeds  of  a  particular  command ;  and  if  it  be  a  worthy 
effort,  thus  to  contribute  to  the  annals  of  our  own  State,  it  is  eminently 
proper  to  be  particular  in  the  details  of  our  subject.  While  the  first 
department  of  our  work  may  answer  the  purposes  of  the  coming  his 
torian,  the  second  may  find  a  place  in  the  esteem  of  the  lovers  of 
biographical  literature  everywhere,  and  the  third  may  remain  the  pe 
culiar  possession  of  the  people  of  Kentucky.  We  derive  some  confi 
dence  from  the  fact  that,  prior  to  the  close  of  the  war,  we  mentioned 
the  project,  and  our  purpose  to  carry  it  into  execution  in  the  form 
which  follows,  to  many,  both  officers  and  men,  and  it  met  with  un 
qualified  approval;  and  in  all  our  correspondence  since  that  time, 
made  necessary  by  our  failure  to  procure  full  accounts  while  the  men 
were  together,  we  have  had  no  one  to  raise  an  objection,  but  all,  in 
either  expressed  or  implied  terms,  commend  it. 

The  embarrassment  that  we  feel,  as  remarked  in  the  outset,  arises 
from  the  fact  that,  in  the  first  place,  the  material  at  our  disposal  does 
not  enable  us  to  give  minute  and  perfect  details  of  every  company 
alike,  and  this  is  too  liable  to  be  set  down  to  the  temper  of  the  writer, 
instead  of  being  attributed  to  the  true  cause — paucity  of  information. 
In  a  large  number  of  instances  it  has  been  with  the  most  extreme  diffi 
culty  that  we  could  procure  reports  at  all.  The  surviving  members  of 
such  companies  have  hesitated  and  delayed,  when  appealed  to,  be 
cause  fearful  of  not  being  able  to  give  perfect  data,  and  have,  many  of 
them,  failed  to  do  anything  because  they  knew  they  could  not  do  all. 


544  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

Many,  too,  seem  to  have  misapprehended  the  nature  of  the  design, 
and,  instead  of  full  and  proper  remarks  appended  to  each  name,  have 
given  a  mere  roll,  with  some  general  facts  as  to  who  was  killed  and 
wounded.  In  other  cases,  we  have  had  rambling  statements  of  when, 
where,  and  by  whom  such  and  such  companies  were  recruited,  and 
how  they  ordinarily  deported  themselves.  These  things  have  not  only 
caused  immense  trouble,  and  greatly  retarded  the  progress  of  the 
work,  but  the  effects  will  be  more  or  less  perceptible  after  all  the  care 
and  labor  that  we  have  been  compelled  to  bestow.  In  almost  every 
company  there  were  men  who  deserved,  from  some  circumstance  or 
other,  more  than  the  ordinary  statement  of  deeds  performed — men 
who  stood  preeminent  among  their  comrades,  and  whom,  as  a  general 
thing,  those  comrades  honored,  and  would  have  scorned  to  rob,  by  a 
single  spiteful  manifestation,  a  single  whisper  of  detraction,  of  any  of 
the  glory  that  was  their  due ;  and  yet,  as  every  such  man  was  not  per 
sonally  known  to  the  writer,  and  the  facts  that  he  has  gathered  up,  one 
by  one,  "here  a  little,  there  a  little,"  furnish  no  invariable  clue,  he 
has  not  been  enabled  to  give  them  that  prominent  notice  which  they 
deserve.  He  regrets  this  the  more  as  he  feels  that  the  greater  propor 
tion  of  those  living  would  prefer  that  certain  old  comrades  should  be 
awarded  a  prominence  which  they  justly  won.  Such  distinction, 
whether  the  subjects  be  dead  or  living,  would  not  be  looked  upon  as 
invidious.  If  any  one  took  preeminence  among  them,  they  seemed 
rather  to  glory  in  his  praise  than  to  indulge  a  spirit  of  envy,  jealousy,  or 
depreciation.  There  were  men  in  almost  every  company  who  had 
been  selected  by  their  comrades  as  deserving  the  "medal  of  honor" 
which  the  government  proposed  to  award  those  who  should  be  dis 
tinguished  for  more  than  ordinarily  "  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct 
on  the  field."  Though  desirous  that  all  these,  especially,  should  be 
named  in  this  connection  (and  the  more  so,  since  many  of  the  brave 
fellows  now  sleep  in  death,  and  such  a  fact  would  be  a  heritage  of 
honor  to  their  families  and  friends),  we  have  found  it  impossible  either 
to  recall  every  one  to  mind,  or  to  gather  them  from  the  brigade  records, 
or  yet  to  learn  from  the  living,  and  we  have  doubtless  been  compelled 
to  omit  some. 

With  these  preliminary  explanations  we  hope  that  the  following  pages 
may  be  received  by  all  to  whom  they  relate,  by  all  intimately  or  re 
motely  concerned,  as  the  honest  effort  of  an  impartial  mind,  influenced 
by  a  heart  as  free  from  unjust  prejudice  as  it  is  possible  for  a  man  of 
strong  feelings  to  be  in  any  case.  We  refer  with  confidence  to  the 
preceding  portions  of  the  work  as  substantiating  our  claim  to  fairness 
and  impartiality.  So  far  has  it  been  from  our  purpose  to  misrepresent 
any  company,  any  regiment,  that  there  has  not  been  a  single  man  even, 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  545 

not  a  solitary  individual  whom  we  wished  to  set  forth  in  an  unfavorable 
light — from  whom  we  desired  to  withhold  one  iota  of  just  praise.  If 
we  have  inclined  to  any  fault  it  is  that  we  have  extenuated  rather  than 
"set  down  aught  in  malice."  One  of  the  most  despicable  of  all  vul 
gar-minded  characters  is  he  who  can  use  official  power  to  work  per 
sonal  vengeance ;  and  reflecting  men  who  entertain  just  views  of  the 
proprieties  that  should  hedge  us  about  in  all  our  earthly  relations  will 
readily  concede  that  next  to  him  who  makes  office  subservient  to  the 
base  purpose  of  malicious  infliction,  is  the  historical  writer  who  can 
stoop  to  make  his  books  the  repository  of  small  spite,  a  medium 
through  which  to  shoot  his  venom  at  those  who  may  have  at  some  time 
injured  or  offended  him. 

It  is  but  just  to  all  concerned  to  remark  here  that,  after  long  reflec 
tion,  and  a  free  interchange  of  views  with  some  whose  opinions  we 
value,  we  have  concluded  to  draw  the  veil  of  charity  over  those  who, 
in  the  hour  of  sore  temptation,  forgot  their  manhood,  and  deserted 
their  comrades  and  their  cause.  We  have  been  influenced  in  this  de 
cision  greatly  by  that  declaratory  maxim  of  the  law,  that  it  were  "bet 
ter  that  ninety  and  nine  guilty  persons  escape  punishment  than  that 
one  innocent  man  suffer."  To  write  DESERTER  against  a  soldier  im 
plies  a  stigma  of  no  common  kind.  Military  men  recoil  from  the  very 
name  of  a  deserter  with  a  kind  of  horror  which  they  cannot  conceal ; 
and  from  time  immemorial,  through  all  the  history  of  the  world,  so  far 
as  we  have  been  able  to  gather,  the  man  that  abandons  his  comrades, 
whom  he  has  pledged  himself  to  stand  by  under  circumstances  of  peril 
and  danger,  who  withdraws  from  the  defense  of  his  principles  and 
country  in  the  hour  of  threatened  calamity,  has  been  looked  upon  with 
peculiar  abhorrence,  and  his  disgrace  is  proportioned  to  the  issues  in 
volved,  and  the  general  good  conduct  of  others  whom  he  leaves  to 
bear  the  burden  and  face  the  foe.  It  is  gratifying  to  know  that  few  of 
all  the  gallant  band  whom  Buckner  and  Breckinridge  led  to  Donelson 
and  Shiloh  cravenly  abandoned  the  service.  But  two  instances  can 
now  be  recalled  of  men  who  deserted  to  the  enemy  and  turned  their 
arms  against  their  friends.  In  several  instances,  men  escaping  from 
their  captors,  or  released  by  exchange,  preferring  some  other  branch 
of  the  service,  would  seize  upon  such  occasions  to  connect  themselves 
in  an  irregular  way  with  cavalry  or  artillery  or  to  enter  the  naval  serv 
ice.  Some,  with  shame  be  it  said,  willfully  abandoned  the  cause,  and 
went  home  to  rest  supinely  while  the  country  which  they  had  bound 
themselves  by  solemn  oath  to  defend  was  engaged  in  a  death-struggle 
with  a  giant  and  determined  adversary.  And  yet  there  were  shades 
of  guilt,  even  in  these,  between  which  it  is  impossible  for  the  writer 
or  any  other  mortal  man  to  discriminate,  and  for  this  reason,  if 

35 


546  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

for  no  other,  we  should  hesitate  to  write  an  odious  epithet  against 
any  one  of  them.  Some,  after  having  proved  themselves  men 
on  many  a  field,  were  overcome  by  the  knowledge  that  a  loved 
and  dependent  father,  mother,  wife,  or  child  was  in  want,  and 
went  to  the  relief  of  such.  Against  these  we  would  not  only  re 
fuse  to  write  a  denunciatory  word,  but  would  be  glad  if  we  could 
blot  out  the  remembrance  of  every  act  that  might  be  called  a 
crime.  In  the  eyes  of  the  law,  in  the  code  of  the  martinet,  no  ex 
cuse  is  admissible;  but  while  we  deplore  that  the  fair  fame  of  the 
First  Brigade  was  tarnished  by  a  single  instance,  let  us  give  to  every 
one  credit  for  his  good  and  gallant  deeds,  and  remember  against  him 
no  more,  as  far  as  in  us  lies,  the  circumstances  of  his  sinning.  We 
would  place  no  barrier  in  his  way  to  prevent  him  from  redeeming  his 
name,  nor  would  we  encourage  the  world  to  twit  him  or  his  with  the 
false  and  hateful  step.  The  remembrance  of  it,  to  him  who  was  truly 
guilty,  who,  without  the  most  potent  of  extenuating  circumstances, 
wantonly  quitted  the  field,  will  be  a  punishment  from  which  he  can  not 
escape. 

But  while  we  would  thus  plead  that  oblivion  might  fall  upon  the 
memory  of  these  acts,  that  cast  a  blackened  shadow  over  the  hard- 
earned  fame  of  Kentucky,  we  would  commend  to  the  reflection  of  her 
future  soldiers  the  words  of  tried  and  true  men,  who  had  occasion, 
during  the  war,  to  speak  of  those  who  thus  fell  from  their  high  estate 
In  approving  the  proceedings  of  a  court-martial  which  had  condemned 
some  deserters  to  death,  Gen.  Hindman  wrote,  at  Dalton  :  "  All  that 
is  honorable,  and  good,  and  worthy  to  be  held  in  remembrance,  is 
blotted  out  by  this  their  record  of  shame — '  They  abandoned  their 
flag,  they  left  their  fellow-soldiers  to  struggle  unaided,  and  consented 
to  the  subjugation  of  the  South.'"  And  Gen.  M.  L.  Smith,  review 
ing  the  findings  of  another  commission,  remarks  :  "  The  court  seems 
to  have  forgotten  that  these  are  times  of  war,  in  which  laxity  of  dis 
cipline  is  our  greatest  enemy;  and  that  he  who  fails  to  view  offenses 
as  they  are  viewed  by  the  articles  of  war,  and  by  their  general  spirit, 
is  in  reality  serving  against  us."  In  the  last  days  of  the  Confederacy, 
January,  1864,  that  noble  soldier  and  pure  patriot,  Maj. -Gen.  Wheeler, 
had  occasion  to  issue  an  order,  in  which  he  said  :  "The  major-general 
announces  to  the  brave  and  faithful  soldiers  of  his  command  the  sur 
prise  and  capture,  on  the  24th  of  December,  of  a  body  of  men  who  had 
basely  deserted  their  colors,  comrades,  and  country  in  this  the  hour  of 
our  greatest  need  ....  The  service  is  indeed  hard,  and  our  priva 
tions  great;  but  what  are  our  sufferings  to  the  shame  and  mortification 
of  those  base  creatures  who,  having  voluntarily  abandoned  their 
honor,  were  forcibly  led  in  disgrace  by  the  gallant  spirits  whom  they 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  547 

had  left  facing  dangers  ?  The  soldier  who  falls  while  confronting  the 
enemies  of  his  country,  dies  gloriously,  and  immortal  honor  invests 
his  name.  For  the  deserter,  nothing  remains  but  a  felon's  ignoble 
death  and  a  name  blasted  with  eternal  infamy." 

In  examining  the  following  pages,  the  careful  and  reflecting  reader 
will  note  the  advantages  that  each  man  enjoyed  for  attaining  to  dis 
tinction  in  his  sphere.  Wounds,  disease,  imprisonment,  or  the  ex 
emption  from  these,  were  the  modifying  circumstances  which,  in  the 
great  majority  of  cases,  determined  the  amount  of  active  service  and 
the  standing  of  the  man. 

"  Let  us  call  no  man  happy  until  after  death,"  is  a  maxim  full  of 
human  wisdom,  and  the  honors  of  man  are  almost  as  fleeting  and  un 
certain  as  his  joys.  But  here  we  record  of  the  living  as  well  as  of  the 
dead  what  they  did  during  a  momentous  struggle.  If,  in  after  years, 
they  disappoint  the  hopes  of  their  friends,  if  they  forget  what  they 
owe  to  the  memory  of  that  band  whose  fame  they  helped  to  achieve, 
the  brand  of  shame  be  upon  them,  and  not  upon  him  who  would  fain 
encourage  them  to  remember  the  past,  and  deport  themselves  in 
society  as  becomes  the  soldier  of  the  stately  Breckinridge,  and  the 
surviving  comrades  of  those  who  sleep  beneath  the  sod,  that  was  first 
stained  with  their  blood,  and  over  whom  the  genius  of  Kentucky  must 
forever  keep  her  tender  vigils. 


548  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 


SECOND  REGIMENT. 


FIELD    AND    STAFF. 

In  these  notices,  preceding  the  accounts  of  the  several  companies  of 
each  regiment  we  include  the  original  field  officers  and  commis 
sioned  staff,  with  such  other  officers  as  may  not  be  elsewhere  fully  ac 
counted  for.  The  names  of  the  non-commissioned  staff,  both  origins! 
and  subsequent,  are  for  the  most  part  borne  with  their  respective  corr  - 
panics. 

J.  M.  HAWES,  Paris,  was  appointed  colonel,  July  17,  1861;  was 
soon  afterward  promoted  to  brigadier-general,  and  assigned  to 
duty  elsewhere;  in  the  spring  of  1862  he  commanded  first  bri 
gade  of  Breckinridge's  division,  at  Corinth,  for  a  short  time;  but 
was  transferred  to  the  Trans-Mississippi  Department  some  time 
during  the  summer,  and  continued  to  serve  there. 

ROGER  W.  HANSON,  Winchester.      (See  biography.) 

ROBERT  A.  JOHNSON,  Louisville,  was  appointed  lieutenant-colo 
nel,  July  17,  1861;  and  was  promoted  to  colonel,  Dec.  13,  186-.:. 
He  was  assigned  to  temporary  duty  with  the  Ninth  Regiment  in 
the  autumn  of  1861,  and  fought  with  it  at  Shiloh.  He  rejoined  his 
own  regiment  after  it  was  exchanged,  and  afterward,  Oct.  i<), 
1863,  he  resigned. 

JAMES  W.  HEWITT,  Kanawha,  Va.      (See  biography.) 

SAMUEL  K.  HAYS,  Covington,  was  appointed  captain  and  A.  Q.  M., 
July,  1861,  and  served  some  time  with  this  regiment,  but  was  pro 
moted  to  major  and  A.  Q.  M.  in  the  autumn,  and  assigned  to 
duty  elsewhere. 

WILLIAM  T.  ESTEP,  Covington.     (See  Co.  H.) 

R.  C.  WINTERSMITH,  Hardin  County,  was  appointed  captain  and 
A.  C.  S. ,  July,  1861.  He  served  a  short  time  with  this  regiment, 
after  which  he  was  assigned  to  the  staff  of  Gen.  Buckner,  and  pro 
moted  to  the  rank  of  major. 

CHARLES  W.  HELM,  Warrenton,  Va.,  was  appointed  captain  and 
A.  C.  S. ,  Oct.  i,  1862,  and  served  with  the  regiment  till  July  17, 
1863,  when  he  was  assigned  to  duty  as  chief  commissary  of  bri 
gade.  He  served  in  this  capacity  till  after  the  fall  of  Gen.  Helm, 
when  he  entered  upon  post  duty  in  Southwestern  Georgia.  In  the 
winter  of  i863-'64,  he  was  made  chief  commissary,  on  the  staff 
of  Gen.  Lewis.  He  was  in  the  battle  of  Chickamauga,  as  volun 
teer  aid  to  Gen.  Helm. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  549 

RICE  E.  GRAVES,  Daveiss  County.     (See  biography.) 

B.  M.  WIBLE,  Louisville,  was  appointed  surgeon,  July  19,  1861.  (See 
Medical  Officers.) 

B.  W.  DUDLEY,  Lexington,  was  appointed  assistant  surgeon,  Octo 
ber,  1861.  (See  Medical  Officers.) 

HUGH  G.  SMITH,  Owenton.     (See  biography.) 
JOHN  O.  SCOTT,  Franklin  County.     (See  biography.) 
ARTHUR  T.  FORMAN,  Danville.     (See  Medical  Officers.) 

A.  B.  BROOKIN,  Texas,  was  on  temporary  duty  with  the  Second 
Regiment,  as  assistant  surgeon,  during  the  campaign  of  1864,  and 
was  slightly  wounded  at  Jonesboro',  Aug.  3ist.  (See  Medical 
Officers). 

R.  C.  THOMAS,  Bowling  Green,  was  on  duty,  as  assistant  surgeon, 
during  the  last  year  of  the  war. 

JOS.  DESHA  PICKETT,  Maysville.     (See  biography.) 


COMPANY  A,  SECOND  REGIMENT. 

[It  will  be  noted  that  it  has  been  impossible  to  obtain  full  and  reliable  informa 
tion  as  to  the  service  of  the  many  good  men  of  this  company.] 

JAMES  MOSS,  captain.     (See  biography.) 

HENRY  F.  LESTER,  captain — was  promoted  from  first  lieutenant  to 
captain  Dec.  13,  1862;  captured  at  Jonesboro'  Sept.  i,  1864. 

THOMAS  HORNE,  first  lieutenant,  died  Dec.  9,  1862,  of  wounds 
received  at  Hartsville  Dec.  yth;  was  prisoner  at  Johnson's  Island. 

LUTHER  C.  MOSS,  second  lieutenant,  promoted  to  first  lieutenant" 

Dec.    13.    1 862  ;  wounded  at  Stone  River.  Jan.   2.   1X63.       Died  in 
Clinton,  Ky.,  1898. 

WM.  J.  HAYS,  third  lieutenant,  promoted  to  second  lieutenant  Dec. 
20,  1862  ;  was  wounded  and  captured  at  Stone  River. 

WILLIS  L.  RINGO,  second  lieutenant,  wounded  at  Dallas,  May  28, 
1864. 

J.  B.  OSTRANDER,  first  sergeant,  appointed  sergeant-major  Dec.  i, 
1862. 

WM.  B.  JOLLEE,  first  sergeant,  was  transferred  to  another  depart 
ment  of  the  service  in  which  he  attained  to  the  rank  of  major. 

DAVID  M.  McCUTCHEN,  first  sergeant. 

J.  R.  OWEN,  first  sergeant,  promoted  successively  from  third  cor 
poral  to  first  sergeant ;  was  wounded  at  Chickamauga,  Sept.  20, 
1863;  detailed  in  Quartermaster's  Department. 


550  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

LEWIS  C.  YOUNG,  first  sergeant,  was  promoted  successively  from 
fourth  corporal  to  first  sergeant;  was  wounded  at  Intrenchment 
Creek,  July  22,  1864,  and  captured. 

WM.  B.  JOLLEE,  second  sergeant. 

DAVID  M.  McCUTCHEN,  second  sergeant. 

C.  D.  DAVIS,  second  sergeant,  promoted  successively  from  second 
corporal  to  second  sergeant;  was  wounded  at  Chickamauga,  Sept. 
20,  1863,  and  at  Dallas,  May  28,  1864. 

J.  W.  HAYES,  third  sergeant. 

JOSEPH  M.  GAY,  fourth  sergeant. 

J.  G.  REED,  fourth  sergeant,  killed  at  Stone  River,  Jan.  2,  1863. 

A.  A.  DAVIS,  fourth  sergeant,  died  at  Atlanta,  of  wounds  received 

at  Chickamauga. 

J.  W.  HAYS,  fourth  sergeant. 

SIDNEY  G.  REED,  fifth  sergeant;  appointed  Nov.  i,  1861 ;  was 
killed  in  battle. 

JAMES  HOUSE,  fifth  sergeant,  had  indefinite  leave  of  absence  Nov. 
17,  1861. 

R.  B.  .OGDEN,  fifth  sergeant,  was  appointed  Oct.  10,  1862. 

N.  T.  CANNON,  color  sergeant,  was  wounded  at  Dallas,  May  28, 
1864. 

C.  J.  MOON,  commissary  sergeant. 
DAVID  McCUTCHEN,  ordnance  sergeant. 
J.  B.  OSTRANDER,  sergeant-major. 
SIDNEY  REED,  first  corporal. 

J.  W.  GAYLE,  first  corporal  on  detachment  at  McMinnville,  April, 
1863  ;  taken  prisoner  at  Chickamauga  Sept.  20,  1863. 

J.  H.  McCONNELL,  first  corporal. 

J.  A.  WEATHERFORD,  first  corporal;  was  promoted  successively 
from  third  corporal;  was  captured  at  Dallas,  May  28,  1864. 

B.  H.  OGDEN,  second  corporal. 
J.  W.  GAYLE,  second  corporal. 

W.  T.  WILLINGHAM,  second  corporal,  died  in  Atlanta  March  13, 
1864. 

M.  C.  GOODJOIN,  second  corporal ;  promoted  to  fourth  sergeant; 
died  at  Atlanta. 

HENRY  H.  WINTER,  second  corporal ;  was  promoted  from  fourth 
corporal ;  was  wounded  at  Hartsville ;  was  shot  while  in  discharge 
of  his  duly  as  Sheriff  of  Hickman  County,  Dec.  31,  1888,  and 
died  Jan.  i,  1889. 

E.  T.  WESTON,.  third  corporal. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  551 

W.  T.  WILLINGHAM,  third  corporal. 

W.  E.  BUGG,  was  promoted  from  third  corporal. 

E.   T.  WESTON,  third  corporal,  appointed  Nov.  i,   1861. 

H.  ROBINSON,  third  corporal. 

N.  T.  CANNON,  third  corporal,  promoted  to  sergeant,  Sept.  21,  1863. 

J.  H.  McCONNELL,  third  corporal. 

CHARLES  W.  GAYLEY,  musician. 

DAVID  ALLEN,  musician. 

D.  J.  ALLEN,  musician. 

R.  L.  ATWOOD. 

J.  A.  ARMSTRONG. 

LEB.  ALLISON. 

GEO.  W.  ATCHISON,  was  wounded  and  captured  at  Stone  River, 
Jan.  2,  1863;  lost  an  arm  at  Dallas. 

W.  L.  ATWOOD,  guarding  tunnel  on  L.  &  N.  R.  R.,  February, 
1863;  was  captured  at  Jonesboro',  Sept.  i,  1864. 

J.  W.  BURKHEAD. 

G.  W.  BERRY,  accidentally  wounded :  detailed  in  shop  at  Atlanta. 
J.  W.  BERRY,  was  killed  at  Chickamauga,  Sept.  20,  1863. 
ROBT.   BERRY. 

JOHN  A.  BYERS,  detached  Dec.  4, 1862,  to  serve  in  artillery  corps; 
wounded  at  Stone  River,  Jan.  2,  1863;  transferred  to  Cobb's 
Battery,  March  31,  1863. 

JESSE  R.  BUGG,  was  wounded  at  Hartsville,  Dec.  7,  1862. 
A.  BYASSEE. 

L.  D.  BERRY,  was  transferred  from  3d  Kentucky  Infantry,  Nov.  i, 
1863  ;  was  killed  in  battle. 

ED.  BIGGER. 

RICHARD  S.  BADGER,  was  transferred  from  54th  Tennessee  In 
fantry,  Nov.  i,  1863;  was  captured  at  Dallas,  May  28,  1864. 

W.  C.  BOONE,  was  transferred  from  the  8th  Arkansas,  March  2, 1864; 
was  captured  at  Jonesboro',  Aug.  31,  1864. 

JACOB  COFFEE. 
JAMES  CUNNINGHAM. 

ABRAM  COLLINS,  was  transferred  to  another  command  by  order  of 
Gen.  Johnston. 

N.  T.  CANNON. 

J.  A.  COFFEY,  was  wounded  at  Stone  River,  Jan.  2,  1863;  was 
afterward  detailed  in  hospital  at  Montgomery,  Ala. 


552  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

W.  N.  COLEMAN,  was  erroneously  reported  killed  at  Chickamauga, 
Sept.  20,  1863;  was  captured  at  Jonesboro',  Aug.  31,  1864. 

ALEXANDER  A.  DAWS. 
R.  B.  DYSON. 

E.   L.    DAVEZAC,  was  detailed  as  hospital  clerk  at  Forsythe,  Ga., 
February,  1864. 

C.  D.  DAVIS. 

THOS.    C.    DUPOYSTER,    escaped  from  prison  and  joined  Wood 
ward's  Cavalry. 

JOHN  W.  EDWARDS,  was  wounded  at  Chickamauga. 

S.  H.  EDWARDS,  died  Dec.  9,  1862,  of  wounds  received  at  Harts- 
ville,  Dec.  yth. 

E.  R.  EDWARDS,  was  killed  in  battle. 

H.  S.  FAULKNER,  died  at  Nashville,  Dec.  i,  1861. 

L.  H.  GIBSON. 

M.  C.  GOODJOIN,  was  promoted  to  corporal,  Sept.  20,  1863. 

GEO.  R.  GWYNN,  was  wounded  at  Jonesboro',  Aug.  31,  1864. 

E.  H.  GAY,  was  killed  at  Chickamauga,  Sept.  20,  1863. 

J.  W.  GAYLE,  was  captured  at  Chickamauga. 

T.  D.  GADDIE. 

CHARLES  W.  GAYLEY,  was  killed  in  battle. 

JOSEPH  M.  GAY,  was  wounded  at  Stone  River,  Jan.  2,  1863;  was 
afterward  division  wagoner. 

WM.  B.  HODGKINSON. 

JAMES  H.  HELM,  died  at  Bowling  Green,  Dec.  8,  1861. 

ROBT.  H.  HICKS,  was  transferred  to  cavalry. 

W.  J.  HAYS,  was  wounded  at  Stone  River,  Jan.  2,  1862. 

J.  W.  HAYS. 

HENRY  HORNE. 

JAMES  H.  HOUSE. 

HENRY  J.  HALES. 

-  HINES. 

RICHARD  E.  HAMMOND. 
THOS.  N.  HAILE. 
G.  W.  HOLLAND. 
A.  B.  HAYS. 
THOMAS  HANNER. 
J.  K.  P.  JACKSON. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  553 

O.  F.  JARVIS. 

S.  H.  JOHNSON,  was  captured  at  Chickamauga,  Sept.  21,  1863. 

T.  B.  JOHNSON. 

W.  E.  JACKSON,  was  wounded  at  Mission  Ridge. 

JOHN  W.  KING,  was  wounded  at  Hartsville,  Dec.  7,  1862;  dis 
charged  July  i,  1863,  because  of  wounds. 

E.  L.  KEENE,  was  discharged  Nov.  4,  1861. 

JAMES  F.  LANER. 

TOBE  LONG. 

HENRY  McDOWELL,  was  captured  at  Jonesboro',  Aug.  31,  1864. 

JAMES  H.  McCONNELL,  was  wounded  at  Chickamauga. 

WM.  McCABE,  was  wounded  at  Chickamauga;  was  captured  at 
Dallas,  May  28,  1864. 

J.  W.  McGHEE,  was  on  detached  service  at  McMinnville  April,  1863  > 
nurse  at  Marietta,  Ga. ,  October,  1863. 

T.  H.  McGHEE,  was  wounded  at  Stone  River,  Jan.  2,  1863,  and  at 
Jonesboro',  August,  1864. 

W.  P.  MATTHEWS. 

THOS.  E.  MOSS.     (See  biography.-) 

W.  G.  MYERS,  was  wounded  at  Dallas. 

GEO.  R.  MOORE,  was  prisoner  at  Camp  Douglas ;  was  wounded  at 
Chickamauga ;  died  before  the  war  closed. 

E.  G.  MOSS.  ^" 

CHARLES  J.  MOORE,  was  accidentally  shot,  Oct.  i,  1861. 

W.  D.  MARTIN. 

BAILY  G.  MARTIN,  was  brigade  wagoner;  was  wounded  at  Chick 
amauga. 

J.  R.  OWEN. 

R.  B.  OGDEN,  was  captured  at  Jonesboro',  Sept.  i,  1864. 

J.  W.  O'NEAL,  was  captured  at  Jonesboro',  Sept.  i,  1864. 

J.  B.  OSTRANDER,  was  first  sergeant  from  Nov.  i,  1861,  to  Oct.  i, 
1862;  sergeant-major  from  Dec.  i  to  Dec.  31,  1862;  clerk  in  the 
quartermaster  department  at  Blountville,  Ala.,  February,  1864. 

R.  H.  PARTON,  was  on  detached  service  at  McMinnville,  April, 
1863;  was  captured  at  Jonesboro',  Sept.  i,  1864. 

BEN  F.  PARKER,  was  awarded  medal  of  honor  for  gallant  and  mer 
itorious  conduct  at  Stone  River  and  Chickamauga;  died  of  dis 
ease. 

THOMAS  PARROTT,  died  Dec.  18,  1862,  of  wounds  received  at 
Hartsville,  Dec.  7,  1862. 


554  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

JAMES  S.  PUCKETT. 

HENRY  H.  ROBINSON,  color  corporal,  was  awarded  medal  of  honor 
for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  at  Stone  River  and  Chick- 
amauga ;  was  killed  at  Chickamauga. 

J.  R.  RUTTER. 

M.  U.  L.  RAY,  died  at  Dalton,  June  5,  1863. 

J.  M.  RUSSELL,  was  detached  Dec.  4,  1861,  to  serve  in  Byrne's  artil 
lery  corps. 

E.  R.  REEVE. 

\VM.  SMITH. 

HENRY  SUTCLIFFE,  died  of  disease. 

R.  W.  STEVENSON. 

J.  R.  SEAY. 

SAM'L  R.  SEAY. 

THOS  R.  SMITH. 

RICH'D  F.  THOMAS,  was  division  wagoner  ;  was  wounded  at  Chick 
amauga. 

GEO.  H.  THOMASSON,  was  wounded  in  the  face  at  Hartsville,  Dec. 
7,  1862,  and  taken  prisoner. 

H.  A.  TARVER,  was  wounded  at  Chickamauga. 

J.  F.  TARVER,  was  wounded  at  Stone  River,  Jan.  2,  1863;  was 
made  division  wagoner. 

THOS.  B.  TREVATHEN,  was  wounded  at  Dallas,  May  28,  1864. 
W.  T.  WILLINGHAM,  died  in  Atlanta,  March  13,  1864. 
WM.  H.  WARD,  was  killed  at  Chickamauga,  Sept.  20,  1863. 
JOHN  E.  WARD. 

JAMES  S.  WALLER,  was  wounded  at  Stone  River,  Jan.  2,  1863. 
-  WILLOUGHBY. 

D.  W.  WEAVER,  was  killed  at  Hartsville,  Dec.  7,  1862. 

E.  T.  WESTON  was  detailed  as  clerk,  Montgomery,  Ala.,  Feb.  i8r. 

1864. 


COMPANY  B,  SECOND  REGIMENT. 

ROBERT  J.  BRECKINRIDGE,  JR.,  Lexington,  was  elected  cap 
tain,  July  5,  1 86 1,  but  having  been  chosen  one  of  the  Kentucky 
delegates  to  the  Confederate  Congress,  he  resigned  in  the  latter 
part  of  1 86 1  or  early  in  1862.  He  afterward  received  a  commis 
sion  as  colonel  of  cavalry,  and  served  with  that  arm. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  555 

JOEL  HIGGINS,  Lexington,  was  elected  first  lieutenant,  July  5, 
1 86 1  ;  was  promoted  to  captain,  Feb.  4,  1862  ;  and  to  major, 
September,  1864.  He  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  In- 
trenchment,  and  LT toy  Creeks ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the 
mounted  engagements.  Died  in  Lexington  in  June,  1894. 

GEORGE  B.  PICKETT,  Lexington,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
July  5,  1861 ;  was  soon  afterward  promoted  to  captain  and  as 
signed  to  duty  in  the  department  of  engineers  ;  served  some  time 
with  this  rank,  and  was  finally  promoted  to  major  of  engineers  on 
the  staff  of  Lieut. -Gen.  Hardee. 

EDWARD  L.  KEENE,  Lexington,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
July  5,  1861,  and  was  killed  in  battle  at  Donelson,  February, 
1862. 

RICHARD  ARMANT,  Lexington,  fought  at  Donelson. 

JOHN  A.  ALLEN,  Danville,  was  almost  wholly  unfitted  for  any  duty 
by  constant  ill  health,  and  was  discharged  in  the  spring  of  1863. 

JAMES  ALLISON,  Lexington, was  transferred  early  in  the  war  to  some 
other  company,  and  no  other  facts  respecting  him  are  known  to  the 
writer. 

CHARLES  S.  BURBANK,  Lexington,  went  to  Donelson,  but  was 
taken  ill  there,  and  died  shortly  afterward  at  Montgomery,  Ala. 

JOHN  S.  BRIDGES,  Lexington,  took  part  in  nearly  all  the  engage 
ments  of  his  company,  and  was  accidentally  drowned  while  cross 
ing  the  Congaree  River,  near  Columbia,  S.  C.,  February,  1865. 

R.  H.  BOYD,  Lexington,  fought  in  most  of  the  battles  of  his  regi 
ment  up  to  Pine  Mountain,  June,  1864,  when  he  was  killed  there. 

J.  CABELL  BRECKINRIDGE,  Lexington,  served  with  this  com 
pany  until  November,  1861,  when  he  was  detailed  for  duty  as 
courier  for  Gen.  Breckinridge,  his  father,  and  fought  at  Shiloh  as 
aide-de-camp  on  the  general's  staff.  His  conduct  was  favorably 
noticed  here  by  Gen.  Johnston  and  other  officers;  and,  after  the 
battle,  Beauregard  recommended  him  for  appointment  to  the  rank 
of  first  lieutenant  and  aide-de  camp,  which  was  done,  and  he  con 
tinued  to  serve  on  staff  of  Gen.  Breckinridge,  taking  part  in  all 
the  engagements,  to  that  of  Mission  Ridge,  when,  in  carrying  an 
order  to  a  distant  part  of  the  line,  he  found  the  Federals  there  in 
stead  of  his  own  troops,  and  was  captured.  A  special  exchange 
having  been  effected,  he  rejoined  his  father's  staff  in  Virginia,  in 
the  spring  of  1864,  and  took  part  in  the  subsequent  battles  in 
which  Gen.  Breckinridge  was  engaged,  having  been  promoted, 
on  his  return,  to  the  rank  of  captain.  When  the  general  was 
called  to  the  War  Office,  Capt.  Breckinridge  assisted  him  in  Rich 
mond  when  there  was  no  active  field  work,  but  during  subse 
quent  battles  he  was  present,  on  the  staff  of  Maj.-Gen.  Fitzhugh 
Lee. 


556  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

JAMES  T.  BRECKINRIDGE,  Lexington,  participated  in  most  of 
the  battles  of  his  command  till  near  the  close  of  the  war,  when  he 
was  captured  and  died  in  prison  at  Rock  Island,  Illinois. 

CHARLES  S.  BOLER,  Woodford  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  and 
was  wounded  there ;  fought  also  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jack 
son,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas,  Pine  Mountain,  and  Kenesaw  Mountain.  He  was 
wounded  by  a  shell  at  the  latter  place,  but  recovered  and  took 
part  in  some  of  the  subsequent  operations. 

OLIVER  LEE  BRADLEY,  Lexington,  fought  at  Donelson,  Harts 
ville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peach- 
tree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro', 
and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

CABELL  B.  BULLOCK,  Lexington,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree, 
Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and 
in  the  mounted  engagements. 

J.  C.  BRENNAN,  Lexington,  was  discharged  early  in  the  war  on 
account  of  disability  by  disease. 

ROBERT  BAILY,  Woodford  County,  was  wounded  in  battle  at 
Donelson,  and  died  from  the  effects  of  it  at  Murfreesboro',  late 
in  the  autumn  of  1862. 

WILLIAM  BANGE,  Wayne  County,  fought  at  Hartsville  and  Stone 
River.  Died  of  disease  at  Chattanooga,  early  in  the  year  1863. 

E.  P.  BROWN,  Lexington,  was  transferred,  April  27,  1863,  from  the 
Fourth  Regiment,  and  took  part  with  this  company  in  the  subse 
quent  engagements. 

PHILIP  A.  BEAYS,  Maryland,  escaped  capture  at  Donelson,  and 
was  transferred,  July  4,  1862,  to  the  First  Maryland  Infantry. 

JOHN  B.  COLE,  Scott  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  but  escaped  from 
Camp  Morton  after  having  been  imprisoned  there,  and  joined 
Morgan's  cavalry,  with  which  he  continued  to  serve,  and  was 
promoted  to  the  rank  of  first  lieutenant. 

W.  L.  COOLEY,  Jessamine  County,  took  part  in  nearly  all  the  en 
gagements  of  his  command  to  the  close. 

W.  S.  CARTER,  Fayette  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  and  was  sur 
rendered  there,  but  escaped  with  Gen.  Forrest,  and  joined  Mor 
gan's  cavalry,  in  which  he  was  elected  a  lieutenant,  and  then  pro 
moted  to  captain.  He  took  part  in  the  various  operations  and 
engagements  of  his  chief  until  the  fight  occurred  at  Rolling  Fork, 
Kentucky,  when  he  was  killed. 

A.  S.  CARTER,  Fayette  County,  fought  in  nearly  all  the  battles  of 
his  company  to  the  close. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  55T 

B.  T.  CASTLEMAN,  Fayette  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  and  was 
captured,  but  escaped  from  Camp  Morton  and  joined  Morgan's 
cavalry,  with  which  he  afterward  served,  and  attained  to  the  rank 
of  first  lieutenant. 

JOHN  C.  CURD,  Lexington,  was  appointed  second  sergeant,  July  5, 
1 86 1,  and  afterward  promoted  to  first  sergeant.  After  having 
served  some  time  with  this  company,  he  was  transferred  to  Mor 
gan's  cavalry,  and  subsequently  attained  to  the  rank  of  first  lieu 
tenant. 

ELI  CHESHIRE,  Bourbon  County,  was  transferred  to  Co.  G,  Aug 
ust,  1 86 1. 

DANIEL  CLANCEY,  Lexington,  fought  at  Donelson,  and  was  killed 
in  a  street  fight  at  Vicksburg,  just  after  having  been  exchanged. 

JOHN  E.  CROMWELL,  Lexington,  was  one  of  the  corporals  of  the 
company,  and  took  part  in  nearly  every  engagement  of  his  com 
mand  to  the  close. 

ARMSTRONG  CARR,  Henry  County,  was  discharged  early  in  the 
war,  being  of  unsound  mind. 

RICHARD  T.  DOWNING,  Fayette  County,  was  discharged  early  in 
the  war,  on  account  of  disability  by  disease. 

MICHAEL  C.  DOUGHERTY,  Lexington,  was  wounded  in  battle 
at  Hartsville,  and,  while  suffering  from  the  effects  of  it,  he  was 
appointed  a  captain  of  Georgia  militia,  with  which  he  afterward 
served. 

CHARLES  E.  DELPH,  Louisville,  participated  in  nearly  all  the  bat 
tles  of  his  company,  and  was  wounded  at  Stone  River. 

JOHN  M.  DONELLAN,  Lexington,  fought  at  Donelson,  and  was 
captured,  but  escaped  from  Camp  Morton,  and  joined  Morgan's 
cavalry,  with  which  he  thereafter  served. 

JOHN  W.  DAVIS,  Midway,  was  one  of  the  corporals  of  the  company, 
and  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chick- 
amauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas; 
from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy 
Creeks;  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  He  was 
wounded  at  Stone  River. 

JAMES  V.  EMERSON,  Woodford  County,  was  in  nearly  every  battle 
of  his  command,  and  was  wounded  at  Jonesboro'. 

ALFRED  EHRMAN,  Louisville,  fought  at  Donelson. 

WALTER  F.  FERGUSON,  Lexington,  fought  at  Donelson,  and  was 
captured  there,  but  escaped  and  joined  Morgan's  cavalry,  in 
which  he  was  elected  to  a  lieutenantcy,  and  with  which  he  served 
some  time,  when  he  was  captured  in  Kentucky,  and  hanged  by 
order  of  Burbridge. 

WILLIAM  FRAZIER,  Lexington,  fought  at  Donelson.  Died  in 
prison  at  Camp  Morton  during  the  summer  of  1862. 


'558  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

JEROME  FRAZIER,  Lexington,  was  furloughed  while  at  Camp 
Boone,  came  into  Kentucky,  was  captured  and  never  exchanged. 

TERAH  M.  FREEMAN,  Scott  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  and  was 
captured  there,  but  escaped  from  Camp  Morton,  and  joined 
Morgan.  He  was  appointed  first  lieutenant  and  adjutant  of  the 
Fourth  Kentucky  Cavalry,  and  continued  to  serve  in  that  capacity. 

BEN  F.  FORD,  Lexington,  fought  at  Donelson,  and  was  made  team 
ster  after  the  exchange,  in  which  capacity  he  served  during  the 
remainder  of  the  war. 

WILLIAM  E.  GEORGE,  Lexington,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Mission  Ridge. 

ROBERT  H.  GRAVES,  Lexington,  fought  at  Donelson,  and  was 
wounded  there ;  fought  also  at  Hartsville  and  Stone  River,  and 
was  killed  at  the  latter  place.  He  was  awarded  medal  of  honor 
for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct. 

ELISHA  SMOOT  GORDON,  Lexington,  was  one  of  the  sergeants 
of  the  company,  and  participated  in  nearly  every  one  of  its  bat 
tles.  He  was  wounded  at  Hartsville  and  Chickamauga. 

JOHN  C.  GRIFFITH,  Lexington,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
Sept.  19,  1862,  and  participated  in  nearly  all  the  battles  of  his 
command.  He  was  wounded  at  Chickamauga. 

.SAMUEL  W.  GARRETT,  Lexington,  fought  at  Donelson  with 
Graves'  Battery,  and  with  this  company  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  and  Chickamauga. 

WILLIAM  GILMORE,  Lexington,  was  elected  first  lieutenant  of 
Jackson's  Battery  at  Bowling  Green,  1861,  and  assigned  to  duty 
accordingly. 

.CORNELIUS  M.  HENDRICKS,  Lexington,  was  elected  first  lieu 
tenant,  Sept.  19,  1862,  and  promoted  to  captain,  September, 
1864.  He  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dal 
las;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and 
Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  en 
gagements.  He  was  wounded  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  and  Stone 
River. 

ELIJAH  N.  HENDRICKS,  Lexington,  fought  at  Donelson,  and  was 
wounded  and  captured  there ;  fought  at  Stone  River,  and  was 
again  wounded  and  captured;  fought  in  several  engagements  up 
to  Pine  Mountain,  where  he  was  killed  June,  1864. 

GABRIEL  C.  HARRIS,  Indiana,  took  part  in  some  of  the  earlier  bat 
tles,  and  died  of  disease  at  Forsythe,  Ga. ,  1863. 

MARTIN  E.  HOUGHLAND,  Lexington,  was  one  of  the  sergeants 
of  the  company,  and  took  part  in  nearly  all  of  its  battles. 

CHARLES  E.  HALL,  Lexington,  fought  at  Donelson  and  Harts 
ville.  He  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  and  died  from  the 
effects  of  it,  at  Newnan,  Ga. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  559 

WILLIAM  O.  HITE,  Paris,  was  transferred  to  Co.  G,  1861. 

WILLIAM  HARRIS,  Georgia,  was  one  of  the  Georgia  militia,  but 
joined  this  company  at  Newnan,  and  took  part  in  the  subsequent 
engagements. 

W.  M.  HIGGINS,  Lexington,  was  discharged  early  in  the  war,  on 
account  of  disability  by  disease. 

WILLIAM  HUNTER,  Jessamine  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Harts- 
ville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga,  and  was  killed  at 
the  latter  place. 

STEPHEN  H.  HENDRIX,  Germany,  fought  at  Donelson. 

JAMES  P.  INNIS,  Fayette  County,  fought  at  Donelson  and  Harts- 
ville,  and  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  Dec.  7,  1862. 

MANLIUS  JOHNSON,  Louisville,  was  discharged  early  in  the  war, 
being  under  age. 

ERNEST  KRUM,  Germany,  fought  at  Donelson. 

T.  W.  KELLEY,  Georgetown,  lost  a  leg  in  battle  at  Donelson,  and 
is  supposed  to  have  died  there,  as  he  was  never  afterward 
heard  of. 

JOHN  KEENE,  Fayette  County,  fought  in  nearly  all  the  battles  of 
his  command,  and  was  wounded  at  Dallas,  May  28,  1864. 

E.  J.  KENNEY,  Louisville,  took  part  in  nearly  every  engagement  of 
his  company.  He  was  highly  commended  in  orders  by  the  Com 
manding  General  of  the  Army  of  the  Mississippi  for  having  de 
ported  himself  gallantly  and  skillfully  in  extinguishing  the  flames 
and  saving  a  train  of  ordnance  stores  on  the  Mobile  and  Ohio 
road,  which  had  been  halted  and  fired  by  Federal  cavalry,  as 
preparations  were  being  made  to  evacuate  Corinth,  May,  1862. 

CHARLES  V.  KENNEY,  Louisville,  served  some  time  in  the  Army 
of  Northern  Virginia,  but  was  afterward  transferred  to  this  com 
pany,  and  took  part  in  its  subsequent  engagements. 

MARSHALL  J.  REISER,  Lexington,  fought  at  Donelson,  Harts- 
ville,  and  Stone  River.  He  was  shot  through  the  right  wrist  at 
the  latter  place,  and  disabled  for  further  duty  during  the  war. 

WM.  LARY,  Lexington,  died  of  disease  at  Bowling  Green,  1861,  or 
early  in  1862. 

SAMUEL  D.  LINDSAY,  Lexington,  fought  at  Donelson,  and  was 
captured  there,  but  escaped  from  Camp  Morton  and  joined  Mor 
gan's  cavalry,  with  which  he  continued  to  serve,  and  in  which  he 
was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  first  lieutenant. 

JAMES  S.  LOWRY,  Lexington,  fought  in  nearly  all  the  engagements 
of  his  company,  and  was  wounded  at  Chickamauga. 

DAVID  J.  LEWIS,  Lexington,  was  transferred  early  in  the  war,  to 
the  corps  of  engineers. 


560  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

JAMES  S.  McKENZIE,  Jessamine  County,  took  part  in  nearly  all  the 
battles  of  his  command,  and  was  wounded  at  Intrenchment 
Creek,  July  22,  1864. 

JAMES  McCONNELL,  Woodford  County,  fought  at  Donelson, 
Hartsville,  and  Stone  River;  was  detailed  for  duty,  March  27, 
1863,  in  the  quartermaster's  department,  with  Maj.  Viley,  and 
served  some  time  in  this  capacity,  but  returned  to  the  ranks  and 
took  part  in  most  of  the  subsequent  engagements. 

A.  G.  MONTGOMERY,  Frankfort,  was  but  eighteen  years  old  when 
he  went  into  the  battle  of  Donelson,  and  fought  and  suffered 
there  as  became  a  man.  When  it  was  determined  that  the  fort 
should  be  given  up,  he  volunteered  to  carry  the  flag  of  truce  to 
Gen.  Grant,  and  Gen.  Buckner  awarded  him  that  honor.  He 
fought  again  at  Hartsville,  and  when  the  commandant  of  the 
Federal  forces  surrendered,  young  Montgomery  went  to  him  and 
conducted  him  to  Col.  Hunt.  He  went  into  the  battle  of  Stone 
River,  but  was  accidentally  killed  there  by  an  unfortunate  wretch 
of  his  own  company  (whose  name  is  not  included  in  this  account), 
who  is  represented  by  those  who  saw  it  as  having  been  so  under 
the  influence  of  fear  as  not  to,  know  what  he  was  doing. 

ASA  MERRILL,  Lexington,  fought  at  Donelson,  but  escaped  cap 
ture  and  joined  Morgan's  cavalry,  with  which  he  served  until  he 
was  accidentally  drowned. 

HENRY  McGUINNESS,  Kentucky,  was  some  time  bugler,  but  par 
ticipated  in  most  of  the  engagements  of  his  company. 

JOHN  MONTAGUE,  Lexington,  took  part  in  nearly  every  engage 
ment  of  his  command,  and  was  wounded  at  Jonesboro'. 

M.  DE  LAFAYETTE  MOSELEY,  Russellville,  fought  at  Donelson, 
Hartsville,  and  Stone  River;  and  was  transferred,  early  in  1863, 
to  another  qommand. 

W.  M.  MATTHEWS,  Lexington,  was  some  time  commissary  ser 
geant  of  the  Second  Regiment,  but  died  of  disease  at  Knoxville, 
Tenn.,  1862. 

THOMAS  HUNT  MORGAN,  Lexington,  was  transferred  to  Mor 
gan's  cavalry,  Nov.  9,  1861  ;  was  soon  afterward  promoted  to  a  first 
lieutenantcy,  and  served  with  this  cavalry  command  until  he  was 
killed  in  battle  at  Lebanon,  Ky. 

L.  C.  NICHOLS,  Lexington,  was  one  of  the  sergeants  of  the  com 
pany,  and  participated  in  nearly  all  of  its  engagements.  He  was 
wounded  at  Chickamauga. 

JOHN  H.  OLDHAM,  Jessamine  County,  was  one  of  the  sergeants  of 
the  company,  and  some  time  color-bearer  of  the  regiment.  He 
took  part  in  nearly  all  the  engagements  of  his  command,  and  is 
said  to  have  been  the  first  one  who  reached  the  captured  artillery 
at  Hartsville.  He  bore  the  colors  through  that  battle,  and  planted 
them  on  one  of  the  enemy's  guns. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  561 

LESLIE  COMBS  OLDHAM,  Jessamine  County,  fought  in  most  of 
the  engagements  up  to  Mission  Ridge,  when  he  was  captured, 
and  afterward  died  in  prison. 

JAMES  PATTON,  Bourbon  County,  was  transferred,  early  in  the  war, 
to  Co.  G. 

ROBERT  T.  PAYNE,  Georgetown,  fought  at  Donelson  and  Harts- 
ville.  He  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  and  died  at  Manches 
ter  some  time  afterward,  from  the  effects  of  the  wound  and  dis 
ease. 

LEWIS  D.  PAYNE,  Georgetown,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas.  He  was  wounded  at  Hartsville.  In 
June,  1864,  he  was  elected  a  second  lieutenant  of  Co.  E,  Fifth 
Kentucky  Cavalry.  He  was  ordered,  on  the  27th  of  that  month, 
to  report  to  Gen.  Morgan,  in  whose  command  he  afterward  served, 
and  was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant. 

HENRY  C.  PAYNE,  Georgetown,  was  for  some  time  the  orderly 
sergeant  of  the  company.  He  took  part  in  nearly  all  the  engage 
ments  of  the  company,  and  was  wounded  at  Stone  River. 

GEORGE  M.  PENNY,  Louisville,  was  for  awhile  the  sergeant-major 
of  the  regiment.  He  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas,  and  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  May  28,  1864. 

THO.  J.  PHILLIPS,  Louisville,  fought  in  nearly  all  the  engagements 
of  his  company,  and  was  wounded  at  Dallas. 

ROBT.  W.  ROSS,  Scott  County,  took  part  in  nearly  all  the  battles  of 
his  command. 

LLOYD  BENTON  REESE,  Lexington,  fought  at  Donelson,  Harts 
ville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas. 

GEO.  W.  RANDOLPH,  Lexington,  was  detailed,  and  served  as 
hostler  for  Gen.  Breckinridge  during  the  war. 

SMITH  STORY,  Lexington,  took  part  in  nearly  all  the  engagements 
of  his  company  to  the  close. 

WILLIAM  STEVENS,  Lexington,  was  engaged  in  nearly  all  the  bat 
tles  of  his  command,  and  was  wounded  at  Chickamauga. 

GEORGE  J.  SUMMERS,  Woodford  County,  was  elected  second 
lieutenant,  Sept.  19,  1862,  and  was  afterward  promoted  to  first 
lieutenant.  He  fought  in  nearly  all  the  battles  of  the  command, 
and  was  wounded  at  Dallas. 

THOMAS  S.  STAMPS,  Fayette  County,  fought  in  nearly  all  the  bat 
tles  of  the  command,  and  was  wounded  at  Stone  River. 

W.  C.  SKILLM  AN,  Bourbon  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  but  escaped 
capture,  and  joined  the  First  Regiment  Kentucky  Cavalry,  of 
which  he  was  afterward  made  commissary,  with  the  rank  of  cap 
tain. 

36 


562  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

THOMPSON  SCROGGIN,  Franklin  County,  participated  in  nearly 
every  engagement  of  his  company,  and  was  wounded  at  Chicka- 
mauga. 

SAMUEL  SCOTT,  Lexington,  fought  at  Donelson  and  Hartsville, 
and  lost  a  leg  at  the  latter  place. 

WM.  H.  SELLARS,  Woodford  County,  fought  with  this  company  at 
Donelson,  Hartsville,  and  Stone  River,  and  was  transferred, 
April  27,  1863,  to  Co.  E,  Fourth  Regiment. 

JOHN  S.  STOUT,  Franklin  County,  took  part  in  almost  every  en 
gagement  of  his  company  to  the  close.  After  the  war  he  became 
a  pilot  on  Mississippi  steamers  and  distinguished  himself  by  acts 
of  conspicuous  bravery  on  two  most  trying  occasions.  He  was 
at  the  wheel  of  the  Robert  E.  Lee  when  it  was  burned  at  Yuca 
tan  Plantation,  in  1882,  and  he  stuck  to  his  blazing  ship  to  the 
very  last,  barely  saving  his  own  life  by  sliding  down  the  hog 
chains,  after  saving  a  score  of  lives  by  remaining  at  the  wheel 
and  holding  his  boat  to  the  bank.  He  received  a  valuable  gold 
watch  as  a  token  of  appreciation  for  his  heroism.  Again,  in  1886, 
he  had  a  still  more  narrow  escape,  being  on  board  the  steamer  J. 
M.  White  when  it  was  burned  above  Bayou  Sara.  He  had  to 
jump  overboard,  and  was  picked  up  almost  lifeless  and  with  his 
health  permanently  shattered.  He  died  in  New  Orleans,  Feb. 
i4th,  1887. 

STEPHEN  SWIFT,  Lexington,  was  discharged  soon  after  having 
enlisted,  being  under  age. 

PATRICK  SHEA,  Paris,  fought  at  Donelson,  and  was  wounded 
there. 

EDWIN  THOMASSON,  Lexington,  took  part  in  almost  every  battle 
of  his  command  to  the  close. 

CHARLES  W.  THORNTON,  Louisville,  fought  in  nearly  every 
battle  in  which  his  regiment  was  engaged  during  the  war. 

JOHN  W.  VILEY,  Woodford  County,  died  of  disease  at  Bowling 
Green,  early  in  1862. 

MORNIX  W.  VIRDEN,  Lexington,  fought  af  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
and  Stone  River,  and  was  severely  wounded  at  the  latter  place  ; 
fought  also  at  Jackson  and  Chickamauga,  and  was  disabled  for 
life,  in  the  latter  battle,  by  the  loss  of  a  leg.  He  was  awarded 
medal  of  honor  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct.  He  died  in 
Lexington  long  after  the  war. 

J.  F.  WARD,  Scott  County,  was  discharged  early  in  the  war,  on  ac 
count  of  disability  by  disease. 

CALEB  WALLACE,  Woodford  County,  was  discharged  early  in  the 
war,  on  account  of  disability  by  disease. 

SAMUEL  J.  WALKER,  Fayette  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Harts 
ville,  and  Stone  River,  and  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place  ; 
fought  also  at  Jackson  and  Chickamauga ;  was  mortally  wounded 
in  the  latter  battle,  and  died  shortly  afterward. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  563 

JOHN  S.  WILLIAMS,  Paris,  took  part  in  almost  every  battle  of  his 

command  during  the  war. 
WALTER  WARNER,  Lexington,  took  part  in  nearly  all  the  battles 

of  his  company  to  the  close. 
J.  F.  WYATT,  Lexington,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Donelson,  February, 

1862. 
DAVID  WORSHAM,  Lexington,  took  part  in  nearly  all  the  battles  of 

his  company  during  the  war,  and  was  wounded  at  Chickamauga. 

RICHARD  WORSHAM,  Lexington,  fought  at  Donelson,  but  escaped 
capture,  and  joined  Morgan's  cavalry.  He  was  killed  in  battle 
at  Lebanon,  Ky. 

LEMUEL  S.  WILSON,  Frankfort,  fought  at  Donelson,  and  was  cap 
tured  there,  but  escaped  from  Camp  Morton,  and  joined  Mor 
gan's  cavalry.  In  the  engagement  of  this  command  at  Paris,  Ky., 
he  was  captured,  and,  after  having  fairly  surrendered,  was  shot 
dead  by  a  Federal  soldier. 


COMPANY  C,   SECOND  REGIMENT. 

PHILIP  LIGHTFOOT  LEE,  Bullitt  County.     (See  biography.) 

R.  S.  FORD,  Elizabethtown,  was  elected  first  lieutenent,  July  16, 
1861 ;  resigned,  September,  1861. 

CHARLES  H.  THOMAS,  Elizabethtown,  was  elected  second  lieuten 
ant,  July  1 6,  1 86 1 ;  was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant,  September, 
1 86 1.  Fought  at  Donelson  and  Hartsville,  and  was  killed  at  the 
latter  place,  Dec.  7,  1862. 

JOHN  W.  ROGERS,  Bullitt  County,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
July  1 6,  1 86 1 ;  fought  at  Donelson  and  Hartsville,  and  was  killed 
at  the  latter  place. 

EUGENE  SMITH,  Bullitt  County,  was  appointed  first  sergeant,  July 
1 6,  1 86 1  ;  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  and  Stone  River. 

CHARLES  KLIESENDORFF,  Jefferson  County,  was  appointed 
second  sergeant,  July  16,  1861 ;  fought  at  Donelson  and  Harts 
ville;  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  Dec.  9,  1862;  fought  at 
Stone  River;  resigned,  June  23,  1863. 

J.  D.  McQUOWN,  Louisville,  was  appointed  third  sergeant,  July  16, 
1 86 1  ;  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  and  Stone  River;  was 
elected  second  lieutenant,  June  23,  1863;  fought  at  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas;  was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant,  May  28,  1864;  engaged 
in  skirmishing  between  Dallas  and  Atlanta;  fought  at  Peachtree 
and  Intrenchment  Creeks,  at  which  latter  place  he  was  wounded; 
on  Sand  Town  road;  at  Jonesboro',  both  days,  and  in  the  engage 
ments  of  the  mounted  service. 

JOSEPH  HOGLAN,  Bullitt  County,  was  appointed  fourth  sergeant, 
July  16,  1861,  and  died  of  disease  at  Bowling  Green,  September, 
1861. 


564  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

JOHN  B.  CUNDIFF,  Bullitt  County,  was  appointed  fifth  sergeant, 
July  16,  1861;  fought  at  Donelson  and  Hartsville;  was  elected 
second  lieutenant,  Dec.  29,  1862;  fought  at  Stone  River,  Jack 
son,  and  Chickamauga ;  was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant,  Oct.  5, 
1863;  fought  at  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas;  was  promoted  to  captain,  May  28,  1864;  fought  from 
Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks;  on 
Sand  Town  road;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted 
engagements.  Died  at  home  long  after  the  war. 

WM.  H.  DUVALL,  Franklin  County,  was  appointed  first  corporal, 
July  1 6,  1 86 1  ;  died  from  effects  of  wounds  received  Feb.  14, 
1862,  at  Fort  Donelson. 

KIM  A.  MONDAY,  Mercer  County,  was  appointed  second  corporal, 
July  16,  1861;  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas.  Acted  as  color  corporal  at  Stone  River,  and  was 
wounded  at  both  Hartsville  and  Stone  River. 

THOMAS  NEWCOMB,  New  York,  was  appointed  third  corporal. 
July  1 6,  1 86 1,  and  first  lieutenant  of  engineers,  September,  1861, 
and  served  during  the  war  in  the  engineer  corps,  Army  of  Ten 
nessee. 

J.  O.  EGBERT,  Anderson  County,  was  appointed  fourth  corpora, 
July  16,  1861;  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River. 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree  and  Intrench 
ment  Creeks,  at  which  latter  place  he  was  killed,  July  22,  1864 

JOEL  ASHLEY,  Woodford  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta; 
at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks.  After  this  latter  battle  he 
was  confined  by  disease  to  hospital. 

ERASTUS  B.  BELLICAN,  Louisville,  was  severely  wounded  in  bat 
tle  at  Donelson;  fought  also  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ; 
at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks;  on  Sand  Town  road;  at 
Jonesboro',  both  days,  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

ED  BROWN,  Hardin  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  and 
Jackson. 

J.  BROOME,  Kentucky,  was  sent  to  hospital,  sick,  in  the  autumn  of 
1 86 1,  and  was  no  more  heard  from. 

ELIJAH  BARNES,  Nelson  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
and  Stone  River;  was  wounded  at  the  latter  battle,  reported  dead, 
and  dropped  from  the  rolls.  He  returned  after  having  been  ex 
changed,  however;  but  on  learning  that  the  company  had  consid 
ered  him  dead,  he  concluded  to  be  dead  to  them,  and  accordingly 
left  them  to  enjoy  the  delusion  as  much  as  they  pleased,  while  he 
went  and  served  with  Morgan's  cavalry. 

L.  BALLOU,  Louisville,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  and  Stone 
River. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  565 

J.  BALLOU,  Louisville,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree  and  Intrench- 
ment  Creeks;  on  Sand  Town  road,  and  at  Jonesboro',  where  he 
was  captured,  Aug.  31,  1864,  and  did  not  return  in  time  to  par 
ticipate  in  the  last  engagements. 

THOMAS  BOWLING,  Boyle  County,  was  left  sick  in  hospital  at  Rus- 
sellville,  1861,  and  not  afterward  heard  of. 

WM.  A.  BRADDOCK,  Marion  County,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
September,  1861 ;  was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant,  Jan.  8,  1862  ; 
fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chick 
amauga;  was  promoted  to  captain,  Sept.  20,  1863;  fought  at  Mis 
sion  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  was  killed  at 
the  latter  place,  May  28,  1864. 

THOMAS  BUFORD,  Elizabethtown,  fought  at  Donelson,  and  died  of 
disease  in  prison  at  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  March,  1862. 

BEN  BARNETT,  Bullitt  County,  fought  at  Donelson ;  died  in  prison 
at  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  of  disease,  March,  1862. 

J.  BLINCOE,  Nelson  County,  fought  at  Donelson. 

THOMAS  CLARKE,  Bullitt  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
and  Stone  River ;  was  killed  at  the  latter  place. 

FRELANDH.  CULLEY,  Elizabethtown,  was  appointed  color  corporal 
at  Manchester,  1863 ;  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree  and  Intrench- 
ment  Creeks;  on  Sand  Town  road;  at  Jonesboro',  where  he  was 
wounded,  Aug.  31,  1864;  took  part  in  the  mounted  engagements. 
Died  in  Elizabethtown,  March  23,  1895. 

BEN  COLE,  Bullitt  County,  fought  at  Donelson;  died  of  disease  in 
prison  at  Camp  Douglas,  March,  1862. 

VIVIAN  CROSTHWAITE,  Warren  County,  was  appointed  third 
sergeant,  1863,  and  first  sergeant,  July  i,  1863;  fought  at  Donel 
son,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson  and  Chickamauga ;  was 
captured  at  Chickamauga,  but  returned  in  time  to  take  part  in 
some  of  the  mounted  engagements. 

JOHN  CONNOR,  Ireland,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Mission  Ridge.  Afterward 
served  with  a  cavalry  command  in  Virginia. 

JOHN  CONLEY,  Nelson  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga,  at  which  latter  place  he 
was  killed,  Sept.  20,  1863.  He  was  awarded  a  medal  of  honor  for 
gallant  and  meritorious  conduct. 

WM.  COMER,  Marion  County,  died  of  disease  at  Bowling  Green, 
September,  1861. 

CHARLES  CLUSKEY,  Nelson  County.  While  Gen.  Hanson  com 
manded  brigade,  he  was  his  orderly;  afterward  served  as  hospital 
steward. 


566  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

WM.  E.  CRAYCROFT,  Jefferson  County,  fought  at  Donelson, 
Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ; 
at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks ;  on  Sand  Town  road ;  at 
Jonesboro',  both  days,  and  in  the  mounted  infantry  engagements. 

MARINE  DUVALL,  Franklin  County,  was  discharged  on  account 
of  disability  by  disease,  at  Camp  Boone,  1861. 

FARMER  DULANEY,  Warren  County  fought  at  Donelson,  Harts 
ville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Mission  Ridge. 
This  man  is  deserving  of  special  mention,  from  the  fact  that  he 
was  so  afflicted  that  he  might  have  been  honorably  discharged  at 
any  time ;  and  yet,  notwithstanding  the  dreadful  hardships  and 
privations  to  which  the  Confederate  soldier  was  reduced,  he 
steadily  refused  it,  and  fought  gallantly  in  every  engagement  up 
to  Dalton,  where  he  died  of  disease  while  the  army  was  in  winter 
quarters,  January,  1864.  His  teeth  and  a  portion  of  his  jawbones 
had  been  destroyed  by  the  effects  of  mercury,  and  his  mouth  was 
so  dreadfully  distorted  that  he  could  take  only  some  kind  of  soft 
food,  with  a  spoon ;  and  a  great  portion  of  the  rations  regularly 
issued  to  the  troops  was  to  him  useless. 

JO.  DECKER,  Jefferson  County,  was  appointed  quartermaster- 
sergeant  in  1 86 1,  and  retained  that  office  till  the  close  of  the  war; 
but  voluntarily  entered  the  ranks  on  several  occasions  and  took 
part  in  the  battles. 

L.  F.  FRAZIER,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peach- 
tree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks;  on  Sand  Town  road;  at  Jones 
boro',  both  days,  and  was  afterward  with  dismounted  detach 
ment. 

JACK  M.  ENGLISH,  Hardin  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Harts 
ville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peach- 
tree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks;  on  Sand  Town  road ;  at  Jones 
boro',  both  days,  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

R.  J.  EVANS,  Caldwell  County,  fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas. 

F.  T.  EVANS,  Johnson  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree  and 
Intrenchment  Creeks;  on  Sand  Town  road;  at  Jonesboro',  both 
days,  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

VICTOR  F.  FISHER,  Jefferson  County,  was  transferred  to  this  com 
pany  from  a  Tennessee  regiment,  December,  1892,  and  fought 
afterward  at  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  was  killed  at  the  latter 
place,  May  28,  1864. 

FULTON  FORD,  Nelson  County,  fought  at  Donelson. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  567 

GEORGE  FOGLE,  Nelson  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  and  Jackson;  was  captured  at  Jackson,  and  re 
mained  in  prison  till  1864,  when  he  escaped,  and  afterward  served 
as  independent  ranger. 

GEORGE  GALLAHER,  Jefferson  County,  fought  at  Donelson, 
Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Mission 
Ridge.  He  was  wounded  at  Hartsville. 

WM.  GLASSCOCK,  Marion  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
and  Stone  River;  was  killed  at  the  latter  battle,  January  2,  1863. 

JAMES  T.  GUTHRIE,  Jefferson  County,  was  transferred  from  Co. 
F,  Thirtieth  Tennessee  Infantry,  June  26,  1863  ;  came  to  the 
company  with  a  reputation  for  good  and  gallant  conduct;  fought 
at  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree  and 
Intrenchment  Creeks.  He  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  July  22, 
1864. 

RICHARD  HAYS,  Jefferson  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  but 
returned  to  duty  in  the  autumn,  and  took  part  in  the  cavalry  en 
gagements. 

HENRY  P.  HOWSLEY,  Nelson  County,  fought  at  Done*lson,  Harts 
ville,  Stone  River,  and  Jackson.  Was  captured  at  the  latter 
place,  and  died  in  prison  at  Camp  Douglas,  1864. 

R.  R.  HEAD,  Mercer  County,  was  an  old  man,  really  unfit  for 
any  active  duty,  but  was  always  present  in  battle  when  he 
could  be,  though  nothing  was  demanded  of  him.  He  fought 
at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  and  Jackson.  Was  so  de 
bilitated  when  the  army  reached  Morton,  Miss.,  that  he  was  sent 
to  hospital,  and  was  not  again  able  to  return. 

C.  HIGGINS,  Jefferson  County,  fought  at  Hartsville. 

S.  G.  HAGERMAN,  Anderson  County,  was  elected  second  lieuten 
ant,  Jan.  13,  1864.  He  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dal 
las  ;  was  wounded  at  Dallas,  but  rejoined  company  in  time  to 
take  part  in  all  the  mounted  engagements. 

RICHARD  HOGLAN,  Bullitt  County,  died  of  disease  at  Bowling 
Green,  1861. 

JACK  HAYS,  Hardin  County,  served  with  Morgan's  command  while 
the  Second  Regiment  was  in  prison,  but  was  disabled  by  disease, 
and  discharged  some  time  in  1862. 

EUGENE  JABINE,  Jefferson  County,  fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  and  Jackson ;  was  on  the  field  at  Chickamauga  as  orderly 
for  medical  officers;  fought  at  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  was  wounded  at  Dallas,  but  rejoined  com 
pany,  and  fought  at  Jonesboro',  where  he  was  captured. 

JOSEPH  JACKMAN,  Marion  County,  was  hospital  steward  in  the 
earlier  part  of  the  service,  but  was  discharged  on  account  of  disa 
bility  by  disease  in  the  summer  of  1862. 


568  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

A.  L.  KAUFMAN,  Bulhtt  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas.  Was  killed  at  Dallas,  May  28,  1864. 

C.  W.  LEVERING,  Jefferson  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Resaca, 
May  14,  1864. 

ED  LIVERS,  Nelson  County,  fought  at  Donelson.  Died  in  prison  at 
Camp  Douglas,  March,  1862. 

F.  W.  LANE,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas.  Was  wounded  at  Dallas,  May  28,  1864,  but 
served  with  mounted  troops  as  bugler. 

N.  F.  LUCAS,  Warren  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  but  escaped  cap 
ture,  and  fought  with  Morgan's  men  until  his  regiment  was  ex 
changed.  He  then  rejoined  it,  and  fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas.  He  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  May  28, 
1864. 

AL  LYLE,  Hardin  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Donelson,  Feb.  15, 
1862. 

JOHN  HENRY  LEE,  Bullitt  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
and  Stone  River,  at  which  latter  place  he  was  wounded  and  dis 
abled  for  further  duty.  Died  long  after  the  war. 

JOHN  A.  LEE,  Bullitt  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  and 
Stone  River.  Was  appointed  midshipman  in  the  navy,  February, 
1883,  and  afterward  served  in  that  line. 

A.  McCORMICK  (a  Cherokee  Indian),  fought  at  Donelson,  Harts 
ville,  and  Stone  River. 

JOHN  A.  MURRAY,  Nelson  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Harts 
ville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  and  at 
Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks,  at  which  latter  place  he  was 
wounded  and  captured.  He  was  confined  at  Camp  Chase  seven 
months,  but,  in  February,  1865,  he  escaped  and  succeeded  in 
reaching  Louisville  in  disguise  and  under  an  assumed  name.  Here 
he  was  again  captured,  charged  with  being  a  spy,  and  put  on  cars 
for  a  Northern  prison,  but  escaped  en  route,  made  his  way  into 
Canada,  and  reported  to  a  Confederate  agent  for  exchange.  The 
war  closed,  however,  before  an  exchange  was  effected,  and  he  re 
turned  home. 

WILLIAM  L.  MARSHALL,  Louisville,  fought  at  Donelson,  but  was 
afterward  detailed  for  work  in  a  government  shoe  shop,  and  was 
not  again  with  the  company. 

J.  M.  McINTYRE,  LaRue  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
and  Stone  River. 

ARCH.  MARRAMON,  Bullitt  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Harts 
ville  and  Stone  River. 

WILLIAM  MALONE,  Hopkins  County,  fought  at  Donelson. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  569 

BEN  MUIR,  Todd  County,  was  appointed  fourth  sergeant  in  1864. 
Fought  at  Donelson,  and  was  wounded  there,  but  escaped  cap 
ture,  and  fought  with  another  regiment  at  Shiloh,  where  he  was 
again  wounded;  was  at  the  first  siege  of  Vicksburg,  and  fought  at 
Baton  Rouge ;  rejoined  his  own  company  after  the  exchange, 
and  fought  with  it  at  Hartsville  and  Stone  River;  was  again 
wounded  at  Stone  River;  fought  at  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mis 
sion  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas 
to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree  Creek,  at  Intrenchment  Creek  ;  on  Sand 
Town  road;  at  Jonesboro',  both  days,  and  in  the  mounted  engage 
ments. 

CABELL  MADDOX,  Anderson  County,  was  on  detached  service 
when  the  battle  of  Donelson  occurred.  Served  afterward  with 
Morgan's  cavalry. 

WILLIAM  NETHERY,  fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas;  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  but  took  part  in  the 
mounted  engagements. 

JAMES  NASH,  Marion  County,  was  left  sick  at  Russellville,  when 
the  regiment  marched  to  Donelson ;  afterward  served  as  a  lieu 
tenant  in  Morgan's  cavalry. 

GEORGE  H.  PHILLIPS,  Marion  County,  fought  at  Donelson, 
Hartsville,  Stone  River,  and  Jackson;  was  captured  at  the  latter 
place,  escaped  once,  was  recaptured,  and  detained  in  prison  till 
the  close  of  the  war. 

DAN  PHELPS,  Bullitt  County,  fought  at  Donelson;  was  appointed 
third  sergeant  in  the  autumn  of  1862;  fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree  Creek, 
at  Intrenchment  Creek;  on  Sand  Town  road;  at  Jonesboro',  both 
days,  and  after  this,  was  detailed  for  work  in  brigade  saddle-shop, 
and  remained  there  till  close  of  the  war. 

WILLIAM  H.  ROWLEY,  Bullitt  County,  was  appointed  corporal  at 
Dalton,  1864.  Fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree  Creek,  at  In 
trenchment  Creek ;  on  Sand  Town  road ;  at  Jonesboro',  both  days, 
and  in  all  the  mounted  engagements.  After  the  battle  of  Stone 
River,  he  was  awarded  medal  of  honor  for  "gallant  and  merito 
rious  conduct  on  the  field."  He  was  wounded  at  Chickamauga, 
Sept.  20,  1863. 

JOHN  ROSE,  Anderson  County,  was  discharged  on  account  of  dis 
ability  by  disease,  at  Camp  Boone,  July,  1861. 

MARK  P.  RUCKER,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Harts 
ville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peach- 
tree  Creek;  at  Intrenchment  Creek,  at  which  latter  place  he  was 
severely  wounded  in  the  jaw,  and  afterward  served  as  brigade 
blacksmith.  Died  long  after  the  war. 


570  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

W.  D.  RAYMOND,  Bullitt  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
and  Dallas,  at  which  latter  place  he  was  killed,  May  28,  1864. 

WILLIAM  SCHWAUB,  Jefferson  County,  was  detailed  for  service 
in  Lyon's  Battery  before  the  Second  Regiment  went  to  Donelson, 
and  missed  that  engagement,  but  fought  with  the  battery  at  Shi- 
loh,  Vicksburg,  and  Baton  Rouge :  and  with  his  company  at 
Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at 
Peachtree  Creek,  at  Intrenchment  Creek ;  on  Sand  Town  road ; 
at  Jonesboro',  both  days,  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

RICHARD  SOUTHERN,  Bullitt  County,  was  transferred  to  this 
company  in  October,  1863,  and  fought  with  it  at  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas,  at  which  latter  place  he 
was  killed,  May  28,  1864. 

JOE  SOUTHERN,  Bullitt  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Donelson, 
Feb.  15,  1862. 

WILLIAM  SKINNER,  Arkansas,  joined  this  company  from  another 
command,  in  the  autumn  of  1864,  and  took  part  in  all  the  mounted 
engagements. 

GEORGE  SEBREE,  Franklin  County,  fought  at  Donelson.  Served 
afterward  with  Morgan's  cavalry. 

NICHOLAS  R.  SMOCK,  Marion  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Harts 
ville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree  Creek, 
at  Intrenchment  Creek ;  at  which  latter  place  he  was  killed,  July 
22,  1864. 

JAMES  F.  TALBOTT,  Nelson  County,  was  appointed  first  sergeant  at 
Dalton,  1864;  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jack 
son,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree  Creek;  and  was 
killed  at  the  battle  at  Intrenchment  Creek,  July  22,  1864. 

H.  LYNCH  TERRILL,  Nelson  County,  was  appointed  first  sergeant, 
August,  1864;  fought  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jack 
son,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree  Creek,  at  In 
trenchment  Creek;  on  Sand  Town  road;  at  Jonesboro',  both 
days,  and  in  all  the  cavalry  engagements.  Died  at  Fairfield,  Nel 
son  County,  some  years  after  the  war. 

WM.  H.  TRACEY,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Harts 
ville,  Stone  River,  and  Jackson;  after  which  he  was  permanently 
detached  for  service  in  a  government  saddle  shop. 

MILT  TAYLOR,  Warren  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Mission  Ridge. 

HENRY  CLAY  ULAN,  Nelson  County,  fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  and  Jackson. 

JAMES  H.  WILLIAMS,  Bullitt  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Harts 
ville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  571 

DAVID  F.  C.  WELLER,  Nelson  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  where 
he  was  wounded  in  seven  or  eight  different  places,  one  of  which 
wounds,  in  the  shoulder,  so  disabled  him  that  he  was  never  really 
capable  of  field  service  again.  Did  duty  with  Dr.  Stout  in  the 
spring  and  summer  of  1863,  but  rejoined  the  company,  and  fought 
at  Chickamauga,  after  which  he  again  did  detail  duty  until  the 
close  of  the  war.  He  died  in  Louisville  long  after  the  war. 

WM.  H.  WILKINS,  Jefferson  County,  was  enlisted  when  only  fifteen 
years  of  age;  and  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree  Creek;  at  In- 
trenchment  Creek;  on  Sand  Town  road;  at  Jonesboro',  both 
days,  and  in  all  mounted  engagements. 

KIDDER  WOODSON,  Jessamine  County,  was  sick  when  the  com 
pany  marched  to  Fort  Donelson,  but  served  in  a  Tennessee  com 
mand  while  the  Second  Regiment  was  in  prison,  and  was 
recommended  by  Gen.  Bushrod  Johnson  for  promotion,  on  ac 
count  of  gallant  conduct  during  the  spring  and  summer  of  1862. 
Fought  with  his  own  company  at  Hartsville  and  Stone  River,  at 
which  latter  place  he  was  killed,  Jan.  2,  1863.  Was  awarded 
medal  of  honor  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  on  that  field. 

J.  T.  WILLIAMS,  Edmonson  County,  died  of  disease  at  Bowling 
Green,  in  the  autumn  of  1861. 

JOHN  WALKER,  Hart  County,  fought  at  Donelson;  was  detailed 
as  teamster  after  the  exchange,  and  served  as  such  till  spring  of 
1863,  when  he  was  sent  off  sick,  and  was  not  again  heard  of. 


COMPANY  D,  SECOND  REGIMENT. 

L.  S.  SLAYDEN,  Graves  County,  was  elected  cap  tain,  July  13,  1861, 
and  resigned,  Dec.  24,  1862.  Died  before  the  war  closed. 

H.  B.  RODGERS,  Graves  County,  was  elected  first  lieutenant,  July 
13,  1861,  and  was  promoted  to  captain,  Dec.  24,  1862.  He 
fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  and  Stone  River,  and  was 
wounded  at  the  latter  place ;  fought  also  at  Jackson  and  Chicka 
mauga,  and  was  killed  in  the  latter  battle,  Sept.  20,  1863. 

A.  J.  PRYOR,  Graves  County,  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  July 
13,  1861  ,  was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant,  Dec.  29,  1861,  and  to 
captain,  Oct.  5,  1863.  He  fought  at  Donelson,  and  was  wounded 
there ;  fought  at  Hartsville,  where  he  was  again  wounded.  These 
wounds,  in  addition  to  a  natural  delicacy  of  constitution,  had  the 
effect  of  long  disabling  him,  but  he  rejoined  the  company  at  Dai- 
ton,  and  fought  at  Rocky  Face  Gap  and  Resaca,  when  he  was 
again  compelled  by  ill  health  to  abandon  the  field.  He  returned, 
however,  in  August,  and  fought  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted 
engagements  up  to  March,  1865.  He  was  then  sent  into  Ken 
tucky  with  recruiting  orders,  and  was  there  on  that  duty  when  the 
war  closed.  Now  (1898)  a  citizen  of  Missouri. 


572  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

R.  L.  USREY,  Graves  County,  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  July  13, 
1861,  and  was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant,  Oct.  5,  1863.  He 
fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chicka- 
mauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  Dallas,  Pine 
Mountain,  and  Kenesaw  Mountain.  He  was  wounded  in  the  hip 
at  the  latter  place,  but  rejoined  the  company  and  took  part  in  the 
mounted  engagements. 

AMOS  WEST,  Graves  County,  was  appointed  first  sergeant,  July  13, 
1861,  and  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  Jan.  10,  1863.  He 
fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chicka- 
mauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas; 
from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks, 
and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  wounded  in  the  breast 
at  Hartsville,  in  the  leg  at  Chickamauga,  and  in  the  arm  at  In 
trenchment  Creek. 

CHARLES  A.  HASKELL,  Graves  County,  was  appointed  second  ser 
geant,  July  13,  1861 ;  was  promoted  first  sergeant,  Jan.  10,  1863, 
and  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  Jan.  13,  1864.  He  fought  at 
Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mis 
sion  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca;  from  Dallas  to  At 
lanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days 
at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  It  will  be  ob 
served  that  he  missed  but  one  engagement  (that  of  Dallas,  when 
he  was  too  ill  to  march)  and  that  he  was  present  in  all  other 
operations  of  his  regiment.  He  was  never  wounded,  though  at 
different  times  had  haversack,  canteen,  and  cap-box  pierced  by 
balls.  He  was  awarded  medal  of  honor  for  gallant  and  merito 
rious  conduct  at  Stone  River. 

W.  N.  BOAZ,  Graves  County,  was  appointed  third  sergeant,  July  13, 
1 86 1,  and  he  fought  at  Donelson.  After  the  exchange  of  the 
Second  Regiment  in  the  autumn,  he  was  detailed  as  clerk  in  the 
hospital  department,  being  unfitted  for  duty  in  the  ranks  by  ill 
health,  and  served  in  that  capacity  during  the  remainder  of  the 
war.  Died  in  1894. 

<G.  W.  BLAIN,  Graves  County,  was  appointed  fourth  sergeant,  July 
13,  1861,  and  was  discharged,  October,  1861,  on  account  of  dis 
ability  by  disease.  Died  before  close  of  the  war. 

R.  U.  BUCKNER,  Graves  County,  was  appointed  first  corporal, 
July  13,  1861.  He  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  and  Stone 
River ;  after  which  he  was  unfitted  by  ill  health  for  duty  in  the 
ranks,  and  was  appointed  wagon  master,  in  which  capacity  he 
served  during  the  remainder  of  the  war. 

RICHARD  RALEIGH,  Graves  County,  was  appointed  second  cor 
poral,  July  13,  1 86 1.  He  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  and 
Stone  River,  after  which  he  was  transferred  to  the  Confederate 
navy. 

JAS.  D.  WATSON,  Graves  County,  was  appointed  third  corporal, 
July  13,  1861,  and  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  and  Chickamauga.  He  was  captured  at  the  latter  place, 
and  detained  in  prison  until  about  the  close  of  the  war. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  573 

H.  T.  WILKERSON,  Graves  County,  was  appointed  fourth  corporal, 
July  13,  1861,  and  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  and  Stone 
River  ;  after  which  he  became  so  afflicted  in  one  of  his  knees  as 
to  be  wholly  unfitted  for  duty,  and  was  placed  on  the  list  of  re 
tired  soldiers. 

G.  W.  HURT,  Graves  County,  was  appointed  a  sergeant  some  time 
in  1861,  he  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment  and 
Utoy  Creeks,  and  both  days  at  Jonesboro'.  He  was  wounded  at 
the  latter  place,  September  i,  and  died  from  the  effects  of  it, 
Sept.  20,  1864. 

J.  A.  RYBURN,  Graves  County,  was  appointed  first  sergeant,  Sept. 
21,  1864.  He  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Re 
saca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrench 
ment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the 
mounted  engagements.  He  was  never  in  hospital,  never  missed 
a  march  nor  a  battle.  He  is  said  to  have  made  the  march  from 
Murfreesboro'  to  Tullahoma,  in  January,  1863,  barefoot. 

ROBERT  ANDERSON,  Graves  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Harts 
ville,  and  Stone  River,  and  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place.  He 
fought  also  at  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca.  Dallas,  and  Kenesaw  Mountain,  after  which 
he  applied  for  a  discharge,  (being  yet  under  eighteen  years  of 
age,)  which  was  granted,  and  he  returned  home,  but  died  of  dis 
ease  shortly  afterward.  He  distinguished  himself  at  Resaca  and 
Dallas,  and  particularly  at  the  latter  place.  A  large  part  of  a 
shell  fell  into  the  rifle  pit  which  he  and  others  occupied  there, 
and,  believing  it  to  be  a  perfect  shell,  and  on  the  point  of  explod 
ing,  young  Anderson  deliberately  seized  it  and  threw  it  over  the 
works,  to  the  admiration  of  all  who  saw  it. 

NEWTON  J.  ANDERSON,  Graves  County,  fought  at  Donelson, 
After  he  came  from  prison,  he  joined  Forrest's  cavalry,  and 
fought  with  it  till  the  close  of  the  war.  Now  (1898)  a  citizen  of 
Florida. 

W.  F.  BURTON,  Graves  County,  was  not  with  the  regiment  when  it 
marched  to  Donelson,  and  so  escaped  capture  there,  but  he  at 
tached  himself  to  another  command  and  fought  at  Shiloh.  He 
rejoined  his  own  company  in  the  autumn,  and  fought  at  Harts 
ville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at 
Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  at  Jonesboro'. 
He  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  Aug.  31,  1864,  but  recov 
ered  in  time  to  take  part  in  the  mounted  engagements.  Now 
(1898)  a  citizen  of  Hickman  County. 

GEO.  W.  BRYANT,  Graves  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 

Stone  River,  and  Jackson. 
LEVI   BRYANT,   Graves  County,   fought  at   Donelson,   Hartsville, 

Stone  River,  and  Jackson. 


574  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

W.  E.  BRAND,  Graves  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga.  He  was  wounded  in  the  foot 
at  the  latter  place,  and  disabled  for  further  duty  in  the  ranks,  but 
he  did  detached  service,  after  having  recovered  somewhat,  till  the 
command  was  mounted,  and  then  rejoined  his  company  and  took 
part  in  the  subsequent  engagements.  Died  in  Arkansas  in  1872. 

T.  J.  BROWN,  Graves  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga.  He  was  killed  at  the  latter 
place,  Sept.  20,  1863. 

J.  C.  BOUREN,  Graves  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree, 
Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in 
the  mounted  engagements. 

JAMES  BURTON,  Graves  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga.  He  was  wounded  in 
the  hip  at  the  latter  place,  and  some  time  disabled,  but  recovered 
and  fought  at  Kenesaw  Mountain,  after  which  he  was  discharged, 
being  over  age.  He  was  wounded  also  at  Stone  River. 

C.  A.  BOSTIC,  Graves  County,  was  sick  when  the  regiment  went  to 
Donelson,  but  recovered  and  joined  a  cavalry  command,  with 
which  he  afterward  served.  Died  soon  after  the  close  of  the  war. 

W.  B.  BRIDGES,  Graves  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  but  it  is  not 
known  whether  he  was  in  other  battles  or  not.  as  he  was  generally 
sick,  in  hospital. 

JOHN  BROCK  MAN,  Graves  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  with  Byrne's 
Battery;  rejoined  his  own  company  after  it  came  from  prison,  and 
fought  with  it  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  Dallas,  and  Kenesaw 
Mountain,  after  which  he  attached  himself  to  Forrest's  cavalry. 
Now  (1898)  a  citizen  of  Hickman  County. 

T.  F.  BOAZ,  Graves  County,  fought  at  Donelson  and  Hartsville,  and 
was  so  badly  wounded  at  the  latter  place  as  to  be  disabled  for 
further  duty  during  the  war. 

WILLIAM  BYRNE,  Graves  County,  fought  with  this  company  at 
Donelson,  but  served  after  the  regiment  came  from  prison  with  a 
command  of  Tennesseeans. 

MILTON  BURNS,  Graves  County,  shot  himself  accidentally  while 
the  regiment  was  near  Munfordville,  1861,  and  was  given  an  in 
definite  furlough  and  left  in  Kentucky. 

ALEXANDER  BEARD,  Graves  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  and 
was  captured  with  this  company,  but  afterward  changed  places 
with  J.  D.  Henderson,  of  the  First  Tennessee  Infantry,  and  noth 
ing  further  is  known  of  him  than  that  he  was  at  the  battle  of 
Chickamauga. 

JEFF  BREALSFORD,  Christian  County,  was  sick  when  the  regiment 
went  to  Donelson,  and  was  left  in  Kentucky,  where  he  died  be 
fore  the  war  closed. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  575 

J.  P.  BAIRD,  Graves  County,  was  sick  when  the  regiment  went  to 
Donelson,  and  it  is  not  known  what  became  of  him. 

FRANK  B.  BUCKNER,  Graves  County,  was  one  of  the  corporals  of 
the  company.  He  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  and  Chickamauga;  was  wounded  at  Stone  River,  and 
killed  at  Chickamauga.  He  was  awarded  medal  of  honor  for 
gallant  and  meritorious  conduct. 

J.  V.  CANADAY,  Graves  County,  was  one  of  the  sergeants  of  the 
company.  He  was  sick  when  the  regiment  marched  to  Donelson, 
and,  after  having  recovered,  he  attached  himself  to  the  Forty- 
seventh  Tennessee  Infantry,  and  fought  with  it  at  Shiloh,  Rich 
mond,  Ky.,  and  Perryville,  Ky.  After  the  Second  Regiment  had 
been  exchanged,  and  General  Bragg  had  reached  Stone  River, 
Sergt.  Canaday  rejoined  his  own  company,  and  fought  with  it  at 
Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta; 
at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  at  Jonesboro'. 
During  the  cavalry  operations  of  the  command  he  served  with  the 
detachment  of  dismounted  men.  He  was  wounded  at  both  Chick 
amauga  and  Dallas. 

D.  P.  COULTER,  Graves  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  was  wounded 
in  the  shoulder  early  in  the  action,  and,  having  been  sent  off,  es 
caped  capture.  He  rejoined  the  company  in  October,  1862,  and 
fought  at  Hartsville.  He  was  left  at  Stone  River,  when  that  place 
was  evacuated,  and  was  captured,  but  rejoined  the  company  at 
Beech  Grove,  having  been  exchanged,  and  fought  at  Jackson  and 
Chickamauga,  and  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place ;  fought  also 
at  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from 
Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks; 
both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

W.  F.  CHAPMAN,  Graves  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree, 
Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  both  days  at  Jonesboro'; 
and  served  during  the  cavalry  operations  with  the  dismounted 
men.  Remained  in  Georgia;  is  now  (1898)  a  citizen  of  Augusta. 

WILLIAM  CHILDERS,  Graves  County,  was  sick  when  the  regi 
ment  marched  to  Donelson,  but  recovered  and  joined  another 
command,  with  which  he  served  till  his  death. 

FRANK  DRINKARD,  Graves  County,  fought  at  Donelson;  was  cap 
tured  and  carried  to  Camp  Douglas,  Illinois,  where  he  died  of 
disease  some  time  afterward. 

W.  S.  DAVIS,  Graves  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  and 
Stone  River,  and  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  Jan.  2,  1863. 

CAGER  W.  FLOWERS,  Graves  County,  was  some  time  a  color  cor 
poral  of  the  regiment.  He  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
and  Resaca,  and  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  May  14,  1864. 


576  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

JOHN  FLOYD,  Graves  County,  fought  at  Donelson  and  was  wounded 
there. 

ROBT.  T.  FOWLER,  Graves  County,  was  transferred  from  the  Third 
Confederate  Infantry,  Sept.  i,  1864.  .  He  fought  with  that  regi 
ment  at  Shiloh,  Perryville,  Stone  River,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to 
Atlanta;  at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks,  and  at  Jones 
boro',  and  with  the  Second  Kentucky  in  all  its  mounted  engage 
ments. 

SAMUEL  FLOYD,  Graves  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree, 
Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  and  both  days  at  Jonesboro'. 
During  the  cavalry  operations  he  was  generally  with  the  dis 
mounted  men. 

T.  B.  GREGORY,  Graves  County,  was  one  of  the  sergeants  of  the 
company,  and  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  and 
Jackson.  After  this,  he  was  detailed  as  teamster,  and  served  in 
that  capacity  till  the  autumn  of  1864,  when  he  reentered  the 
ranks,  and  fought  in  the  mounted  engagements.  Died  about 
twenty  years  after  the  war. 

H.  L.  GIBSON,  Graves  County,  fought  in  all  the  principal  battles  in 
Virginia  with  the  First  Texas  Infantry,  Longstreet's  corps,  and 
was  transferred  to  this  company  some  time  before  the  war  closed, 
and  took  part  in  the  concluding  engagements. 

JAMES  GARY,  Ireland,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River, 
and  Jackson ;  after  this  he  was  unfitted  by  ill  health  for  any  fur 
ther  duty  in  the  ranks,  and  died  about  the  close  of  the  war. 

WM.  GOSSETT,  Graves  County,  was  sick  when  the  regiment  went  to 
Donelson,  but  recovered  and  attached  himself  to  a  battery  of  light 
artillery,  with  which  he  fought  at  Shiloh.  What  afterward  became 
of  him  is  not  known. 

J.  C.  HOLMES,  Graves  County,  fought  at  Donelson.  Died  in  Ken 
tucky  before  the  close  of  the  war. 

FRANCIS  M.  HANDLEY,  Graves  County,  fought  at  Donelson, 
Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at 
Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  both  days  at 
Jonesboro'.  During  the  cavalry  operations  he  served  with  the 
dismounted  men.  Is  now  (1898)  a  citizen  of  Arkansas. 

T.  H.  HOPKINS,  Graves  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  Dallas,  and  Kenesaw  Mountain.  Now  (1898)  a 
citizen  of  New  Mexico. 

JEFF  HUNNICUTT,  Graves  County,  was  in  ill  health  during  the 
early  part  of  the  service,  and  was  consequently  not  at  Donelson, 
but  afterward  joined  Forrest's  cavalry,  and  served  with  it.  Died 
about  1886. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  577 

OWEN  HARRINGTON,  Ireland,  fought  with  the  Tenth  Tennessee 
Infantry  at  Donelson  and  Stone  River;  was  transferred  to  the 
Second  Kentucky  in  1862,  and  fought  with  it  at  Jackson,  Chicka- 
mauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas; 
from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy 
Creeks,  and  both  days  at  Jonesboro'.  During  the  cavalry  opera 
tions  he  was  with  the  dismounted  detachment. 

J.  D.  HENDERSON,  Tennessee,  was  transferred  to  this  regiment,  in 
exchange  for  Alexander  Beard,  in  1863,  and  fought  at  Jackson. 

JESSE  IRBY,  Kentucky,  was  transferred  from  Cobb's  Battery,  in 
1862,  in  exchange  for  John  Brockman,  and  fought  with  this  com 
pany  at  Hartsville,  where  he  was  severely  wounded  in  the  wrist, 
and  disabled  for  further  service.  He  was  afterward  discharged 
in  consequence  of  it.  Now  (1898)  a  citizen  of  Arkansas. 

HENRY  L.  JONES,  Graves  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga,  at  which  latter  place  he 
was  wounded  on  the  foot.  He  fought  also  at  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  In 
trenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  both  days  at  Jonesboro'.  He 
served  during  the  last  months  of  the  war  with  the  dismounted  de 
tachment. 

E.  M.  JACKSON,  Graves  County,  fought  at  Donelson. 

THO.  J.  JACKSON,  Graves  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  Dallas,  and  Kenesaw  Mountain.  He  was  wounded 
at  Hartsville. 

JOHN  KIGER,  Graves  County,  fought  at  Donelson.  Died  in  Ken 
tucky  before  the  war  closed. 

R.  I.  LIGON,  Graves  County,  was  discharged  on  account  of  disability 
by  disease  shortly  after  having  enlisted. 

GEORGE  W.  LARKIN,  Graves  County,  was  one  of  the  corporals  of 
the  company,  and  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas.  He  was  wounded  at  Stone  River,  Jan.  2,  1863,  and 
killed  at  Dallas,  May  28,  1864. 

J.  W.  MASON,  Graves  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  and 
Stone  River.  He  died  of  disease  in  the  spring  of  1863,  and  was 
buried  with  the  honors  of  war  at  Manchester,  Tenn. 

THO.  F.  MASON,  Graves  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Kenesaw  Mountain, 
Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  at  Jonesboro',  and 
in  the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  wounded  at  Stone  River. 

J.  D.  MALAYER,  Jonesboro',  111.,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree, 
Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  both  days  at  Jonesboro'. 
During  the  last  months  of  the  war  he  was  with  the  dismounted 
men  of  the  command. 

37 


578  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

M.  McCONNELL,  Graves  County,  was  taken  sick  on  the  march  to 
Donelson,  and  sent  to  the  hospital,  after  which  he  was  never 
heard  of. 

J.  C.  McLEAN,  Dukedom,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  Dallas  and  Kenesaw  Mountain. 

JOHN  MYERS,  Graves  County,  died  of  disease  in  the  autumn  'of 
1861. 

JOSEPH  MYERS,  Graves  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peach- 
tree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  both  days  at  Jones- 
boro'.  He  served  with  dismounted  men  during  the  cavalry 
operations.  Now  (1898),  a  citizen  of  Hickman  County. 

JOHN  McLAUGHLIN,  Graves  county,  was  sent  from  Bowling 
Green  to  Nashville,  sick,  and  never  afterward  heard  of. 

JESSE  MOORE,  Graves  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca,  Dallas,  and  Kenesaw  Mountain. 

M.  BYRD  MOORE,  Graves  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville. 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas  ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peach 
tree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  and.  both  days  at  Jones 
boro'.  During  the  last  months  of  the  war  he  served  with  the 
dismounted  detachment.  Died  about  1889. 

JAMES  A.  PRYOR,  Graves  County,  fought  at  Donelson  and  Harts 
ville,  and  was  killed  at  the  latter  place. 

J.  SPENCER  PRYOR,  Graves  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Harts 
ville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Mission  Ridge 
He  was  wounded  at  Stone  River.  Died  about  1872. 

R.  T.  PRYOR,  Graves  County,  was  one  of  the  sergeants  of  the  com 
pany,  and  fought  at  Donelson  and  Hartsville.  He  was  severely 
wounded  in  the  elbow  at  the  latter  place,  which  disabled  him  fo  • 
further  duty,  and  he  was  accordingly  discharged. 

ALLEN  T.  PULLEN,  Graves  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Harts 
ville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peach- 
tree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks  ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro' ; 
and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

W.  W.  POTTS,  Graves  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas.  He  was  severely  wounded  in  one  hip  at  the 
latter  place,  and  disabled  for  further  infantry  service,  but  rejoined 
the  command  in  the  autumn,  and  took  part  in  the  mounted  en 
gagements. 

G.  C.  POTTS,  Graves  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  and 
Stone  River,  and  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  Jan.  2,  1863. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  579 

A.  B.  PULLEN,  Graves  County,  was  not  with  the  regiment  when  it 
went  to  Donelson,  but  fought  with  another  command  at  Shiloh, 
and  was  wounded  there.  He  rejoined  his  company  in  the  au 
tumn,  and  fought  with  it  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment 
Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engage 
ments.  He  was  wounded  also  at  Intrenchment  Creek,  July  22, 
1864.  During  the  last  months  of  the  war  he  was  one  of  the  ser 
geants  of  the  company. 

N.  M.  PULLEN,  Graves  County,  was  not  with  the  regiment  when  it 
marched  to  Donelson,  but  fought  with  another  command  at 
Shiloh,  and  was  dangerously  wounded  there.  He  recovered  in 
time  to  fight  again  at  Baton  Rouge,  after  which  he  rejoined  his 
own  company,  and  fought  with  it  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  and  Chickamauga,  and  was  killed  at  the  latter  place, 
Sept.  20,  1863. 

M.  H.  PURYEAR,  Graves  County,  died  of  disease  early  in  1862. 

JEFF  READ,  Graves  County,  served  with  the  First  Texas  Infantry, 
Hood's  Brigade,  from  the  spring  of  1861  till  the  autumn  of  1864, 
and  took  part  in  all  the  principal  battles  of  that  command  during 
that  time.  He  was  then  transferred  to  this  company,  and  fought 
with  it  in  the  mounted  engagements.  Died  at  home  shortly  after 
the  war. 

FELIX  STIER,  Graves  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Donelson. 

WM.  STOKES,  Granville  County,  N.  C.,  died  of  disease  in  the  au 
tumn  of  1861. 

FRED  SAWYER,  Graves  County,  fought  at  Donelson. 

J.  M.  SULLIVAN,  Graves  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  Dallas,  and  Kenesaw  Mountain.  He  was  wounded 
at  Hartsville. 

JAMES  SMITH,  Graves  County,  was  sick  when  the  regiment  went 
to  Donelson,  but  recovered  and  joined  a  command  of  cavalry. 
He  afterward  died  in  the  service. 

THOMAS  TRIGG,  Graves  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  Dallas,  and  Kenesaw  Mountain.  He  was  wounded 
at  both  Donelson  and  Stone  River. 

JAMES  TOUHEY,  Ireland,  fought  with  the  Fifteenth  Tennessee  In 
fantry  at  Belmont,  Shiloh,  Perryville,  Stone  River,  Chickamauga, 
Mission  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at 
Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks,  and  at  Jonesboro'.  He  was 
transferred  to  this  company,  September,  1864,  and  took  part  in 
the  mounted  engagements  with  it.  Died  in  Graves  County  in 
1897. 

JOHN  R.  USREY,  Graves  County,  fought  at  Donelson  and  Harts 
ville,  and  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  Dec.  7,  1862. 


580  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

L.  B.  WEATHERFORD,  Graves  County,  fought  at  Donelson, 
Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta. 
and  at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks.  He  was  captured  at 
the  latter  place. 

A.  T.  WEATHERFORD,  Graves  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Harts 
ville,  and  Stone  River. 

W.  W.  WESTON,  Graves  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas.  He  was  killed  in  a  skirmish  at  the 
latter  place,  May,  1864. 

T.  T.  WALLACE,  Kentucky,  was  almost  constantly  unfitted  by  dis 
ease  for  any  duty  whatever,  though  he  remained  nominally  in  the 
service  to  the  close. 

JOS.  C.  WILLIAMS,  Graves  County,  fought  at  Donelson  and  Harts 
ville,  and  afterward  attached  himself  to  Forrest's  cavalry. 

J.  R.  WILLIAMS,  Graves  County,  fought  at  Donelson  and  Harts 
ville,  and  afterward  attached  himself  to  Forrest's  cavalry.  Died 
about  1868. 

ROBERT   WYLEY,   Graves  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  with  Byrne's 
Battery,  having  been  detached  for  that  service  at  Bowling  Green 
He  was  wounded  here  in  the  hand,  and  disabled  for  further  ser 
vice  during  the  war. 

THOMAS  WINGO,  Graves  County,  was  sick  when  the  regiment 
marched  to  Donelson,  but  recovered  and  joined  Morgan's  cavalry, 
with  which  he  fought  until  he  lost  a  leg  in  battle.  He  was 
wounded  at  Lebanon  in  one  of  his  eyes.  Died  in  1871. 


COMPANY  E,  SECOND    REGIMENT. 

S.  F.  CHIPLEY,  Louisville,  was  elected  captain,  July  13,  1861;  he 
fought  at  Donelsdn,  and  was  captured  there,  but  was  released  by 
special  exchange  in  June,  1862.  After  Buckner  was  exchanged, 
he  accompanied  him  on  the  Kentucky  campaign  as  chief  of  ord 
nance,  and  was  at  the  battle  of  Perry  ville.  He  remained  at  Mui- 
freesboro'  when  Buckner  was  ordered  to  Mobile,  and  fought  in 
the  battle  of  Stone  River,  Jan.  2,  1863,  on  the  staff  of  Hanson. 
He  was  with  that  officer  when  he  fell  mortally  wounded.  He 
afterward  rejoined  Buckner,  and.  served  with  him  during  the 
remainder  of  the  war.  He  was  with  him  at  the  battle  of  Chicka 
mauga.  In  1864,  he  was  promoted  to  lieutenant-colonel  in  the 
department  of  ordnance. 

T.  E.  STAKE,  Louisville,  was  elected  first  lieutenant,  July  13,  1861, 
and  promoted  to  captain,  Feb.  8,  1863.  He  was  the  acting  adju 
tant  of  the  Second  Regiment,  from  November,  1861,  till  the 
autumn  of  1862,  and  while  Gen.  Hanson  commanded  brigade,  he 
served  on  his  staff;  also  on  the  staff  of  Gen.  Wright,  and  that  of 
Gen.  Helm,  for  some  time  during  the  year  1863.  After  Capt. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  581 

Buchanan  was  wounded,  December,  1864,  Capt.  Stake  served 
some  months  on  the  staff  of  Gen.  Lewis;  he  fought  at  Donel- 
son,  Stone  River,  Jackson  and  Chickamauga,  and  was  severely 
wounded  at  the  latter  place,  but  recovered  and  fought  again  at 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta; 
at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at 
Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

FRANK  P.  TRYON,  Louisville,  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  July 
13,  1861,  and  fought  at  Donelson  and  Stone  River.  He  was 
mortally  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  Jan.  2,  1863;  fell  into  the 
hands  of  the  enemy,  and  died  a  few  days  afterward. 

FRANCIS  BRADY,  Franklin  County,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
July  13,  1861,  and  resigned  early  in  1862. 

G.  B.  OVERTOX,  Meade  County.      (See  biography.) 

J.  W.  SCHROEDER,  Louisville,  was  appointed  corporal  soon  after 
having  enlisted,  and  was  subsequently  promoted  to  sergeant.  He 
was  elected  second  lieutenant  in  January,  1863  ;  he  fought  at  Don 
elson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  and  was  killed  at 
the  latter  place  after  he  had  passed  the  first  line  of  the  enemy's  in- 
trenchments. 

ROBT.  A.  ROLLINS,  Louisville,  was  appointed  first  sergeant,  July 
13,  1861 ;  he  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  and  Stone  River. 
He  was  wounded  at  Stone  River,  and  captured,  but  made  his 
escape  near  Evansville,  Ind. ,  and  not  being  disabled,  walked 
back  to  his  command  at  Tullahoma.  He  was  elected  second  lieu 
tenant,  February,  1863,  and  fought  afterward  at  Jackson,  Chicka 
mauga,  and  Mission  Ridge.  He  was  captured  at  the  latter  place, 
and  was  not  exchanged  in  time  to  participate  in  the  closing  en 
gagements. 

J.  T.  ATKINS,  Franklin  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  and 
Stone  River,  and  was  captured  at  the  latter  place. 

A.  BAKER,  Louisville,  was  transferred  to  Cobb's  Battery  soon  after 
having  enlisted,  and  continued  to  serve  with  that  arm. 

JAMES  BRENNAN,  Louisville,  fought  at  Donelson  and  Hartsville, 
and  was  afterward  appointed  division  ordnance  sergeant,  in  which 
capacity  he  served  during  the  remainder  of  the  war. 

CHARLES  BESS,  Louisville,  fought  at  Donelson,  but  escaped  cap 
ture  by  crossing  the  river  after  surrender  became  necessary,  and 
joined  Morgan's  cavalry,  with  which  he  served  during  the  re 
mainder  of  the  war. 

GEORGE  BEGGS,  Louisville,  fought  at  Donelson,  but  escaped  cap 
ture,  and  was  not  afterward  heard  of. 

BRADLEY,   Franklin  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  and  was 

wounded  there.  He  escaped  from  Camp  Morton  during  the 
summer,  and  attached  himself  to  Morgan's  command,  with  which 
he  served  till  1864,  when  he  rejoined  his  company  and  took  part 
in  all  the  subsequent  engagements. 


582  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

F.  M.  CHAMBERS,  Franklin  County,  was  appointed  first  corporal, 

July  13,  1 86 1,  and  was  afterward  promoted  to  sergeant.  He 
fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  and  Stone  River,  and  was  either 
killed  or  wounded  and  captured — not  afterward  heard  of.  He 
was  awarded  a  medal  of  honor  for  gallant  and  meritorious  con 
duct  on  this  latter  field. 

JOHN  CRUTCHER,  Franklin  County,  took  part  in  most  of  the  en 
gagements  of  his  company,  and  was  more  than  once  wounded, 
but  particulars  are  not  remembered. 

ANDREW  CARTER,  Franklin  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Harts 
ville  and  Stone  River. 

ROBERT  CARTER,  Franklin  County,  was  enlisted  in  November, 
1862;  fought  at  Stone  River,  and  was  killed  there,  Jan.  2,  1863. 

JAMES  CULLEY,  Louisville,  fought  at  Donelson  and  Hartsville, 
and  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place ;  fought  also  at  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  and  other  points  during  the  war. 

J.  W.  CUNNINGHAM,  Franklin  County,  fought  at  Donelson  and 
Hartsville ;  he  was  wounded  in  the  thigh  at  the  latter  place,  and 
disabled  for  further  duty  during  the  war. 

W.  C.  CHURCH,  Franklin  County,  took  part  in  most  of  the  battles 
of  his  company,  and  was  wounded  at  Stone  River. 

EPHRAIM  CAMPBELL,  Louisville,  fought  at  Donelson  and  in  a 
number  of  other  battles  ;  and  was  wounded  at  Chickamauga. 

L.  D.  DEMASTERS,  Bullitt  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  but  after 
his  return  from  prison  he  was  generally  disabled  by  disease  for 
field  duty,  and  was  employed  at  the  hospital. 

W.  E.  DICKENS,   Bowling  Green,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 

Stone    River,    Jackson,    Chickamauga,    Mission   Ridge,    Rocky 

Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas. 
JOSEPH  DAILY,  Franklin  County,  fought  at  Stone  River,  Jackson, 

and  Chickamauga;  and  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  Sept.  20, 

1863. 
D.  D.  DUFLOT,  Louisville,  was  on  detail  duty  at  hospital,  untilafter 

the  battle  of  Donelson,   when  he  joined  Morgan's  cavalry,  and 

served  with  it  till  March,  1863.     He  then  rejoined  his  company, 

and  fought  with  it  at  Jackson,  Chickamauga,   and  nearly  all  the 

other  engagements  to  the  close. 
HENRY  DRENNON,  Scott  County,  fought  at   Donelson  and  most 

other  engagements  of  the  command,  except  those  around  Atlanta, 

and  in  the  cavalry  operations. 
JOHN  ELKIN,  Louisville,  fought  at  Donelson. 
LOGE  EDWARDS,  Louisville,  fought  at  Donelson. 

G.  H.  EVALETH,  Kentucky,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Donelson. 

JAMES  B.  EDELIN,  Baltimore,  Md.,  served  some  time  in  the  ranks, 
but  was  assigned  to  duty  in  hospital  at  Bowling  Green,  Novem 
ber,  1861,  as  assistant  surgeon.  In  February,  1862,  he  was  trans 
ferred  to  Morgan's  cavalry,  and  was  afterward  appointed  surgeon. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  583 

L.  FLEMING,  Louisville,  was  appointed  second  sergeant,  July  13, 
1 86 1,  and  fought  at  Donelson. 

WILLIAM  FRAZEE,  Illinois,  was  one  of  the  sergeants  of  the  com 
pany,  and  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  and  most 
other  engagements  to  the  close.  He  was  wounded  at  Stone  River, 
and  was  awarded  medal  of  honor  for  gallant  and  meritorious  con 
duct  at  Chickamauga. 

ELIJAH  FEE,  Louisville,  fought  at  Donelson,  and  in  nearly  every 
other  engagement  of  his  company  to  the  close,  and  was  wounded 
at  Chickamauga,  Dallas,  and  Jonesboro'. 

JOHN  GILLEY,  Tennessee,  was  enlisted  in  November,  1862,  and 
took  part  in  nearly  every  subsequent  engagement  to  the  close  of 
the  war.  He  was  once  wounded. 

JOHN  GARDNER,  Louisville,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Jack 
son,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
Dallas,  Pine  Mountain,  and  Kenesaw  Mountain,  and  was  killed 
on  the  skirmish  line  at  the  latter  place,  June  20,  1864. 

WM.  GOODMAN,  McCracken  County,  was  wounded  in  battle  at 
Donelson,  and  is  supposed  to  have  died  from  the  effects  of  it. 

FRANK  M.  GOODMAN,  McCracken  County,  fought  at  Donelson, 
Hartsville,  and  Jackson. 

D.  M.  GIBSON,  Louisville,  fought  at  Donelson  and  Stone  River. 
He  was  wounded  and  captured  at  the  latter  place,  but  rejoined 
his  company  after  having  been  exchanged,  and  fought  again  at 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  Dallas,  and  almost  every  succeeding 
engagement  to  the  close. 

J.  W.  HOFFLER,  Louisville,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga.  He  was  captured  at  Chick 
amauga,  and  was  not  exchanged  in  time  to  take  part  in  the  subse 
quent  engagements. 

WILLIS  HENSLEY,  Franklin  County,  was  enlisted  when  but  a  boy, 
and  took  part  in  a  number  of  engagements  with  his  company. 

W.  C.  JOHNSON,  Warsaw,  fought  at  Donelson,  and  in  most  other 
engagements  of  his  company ;  was  once  captured,  but  made  his 
escape  from  the  guard,  and  attached  himself  to  Giltner's  com 
mand,  with  which  he  served  for  some  time,  but  afterward  rejoined 
his  own  company.  He  was  more  than  once  wounded. 

WILLIAM  JENKINS,  fought  at  Donelson,  and  in  some  other  en 
gagements,  but  the  particulars  concerning  him  are  not  remem 
bered. 

WILLIAM  JONES,  Louisville,  fought  at  Donelson,  and  was  wounded 
there ;  took  part  also  in  other  engagements,  in  one  of  which  he 
was  killed,  but  particulars  are  unknown  to  the  writer. 

EMANUEL  LAIR,  Louisville,  was  one  of  the  sergeants  of  the  com 
pany,  and  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas,  and  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place. 

WILLIAM  LUCAS,  fought  at  Donelson. 


584  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

P.  A.  LANGDON,  Portland,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  and 
Stone  River.  He  was  wounded  at  Donelson,  and  was  killed  at 
Stone  River. 

E.  P.  MERSHON,  Franklin  County,  fought  at  Donelson;  served  for 
some  time  after  the  exchange  as  teamster,  but  again  entered  the 
ranks  and  took  part  in  a  number  of  engagements  during  the  last 
year  of  the  war.  He  was  wounded  at  Dallas.  Died  near  Frank 
fort,  1897. 

ALF  McFALL,  Louisville,  fought  at  Donelson,  and  died  of  disease 
at  Camp  Morton,  1862. 

TOBE  McDONALD,  Louisville,  was  appointed  fourth  sergeant,  July 
13,  1861,  and  fought  at  Donelson,  and  was  wounded  there. 

WILLIAM  McCLELLAN,  Louisville,  fought  at  Donelson,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Mission  Ridge,  at  which 
latter  place  he  was  captured.  No  other  facts  are  known  to  the 
writer. 

VAN  B.  McMILLAN,  Kentucky,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  and  afterward  attached  himself  to  cavalry. 

JAMES  McDONALD,  Canada,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  and 
Jackson.  He  was  wounded  at  Hartsville. 

D.  H.  McDANIEL,  Kentucky,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Donelson, 
February,  1862. 

THOMAS  M ADDOX,  Jefferson  County,  was  one  of  the  sergeants  of 
the  company.  He  fought  at  Donelson  and  Hartsville,  and  was 
killed  at  the  latter  place.  (See  page  166.) 

JO  OHLMAN,  Louisville,  fought  at  Donelson,  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and 
Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  en 
gagements. 

G.  B.  ORR,  Warsaw,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Jackson,  Chicka 
mauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas; 
from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy 
Creeks ;  at  Jonesboro',  both  days,  and  in  the  mounted  engage 
ments. 

JOHN  W.  PAYNE,  Franklin  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  and  served 
during  the  remainder  of  the  war  as  bugler.  Died  in  Frankfort  in 
December,  1883. 

JAMES  PLASTERS,  Franklin  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Jackson, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas.  He  was  mortally  wounded 
at  the  latter  place,  and  died  shortly  afterward. 

JOHN  PULLIAM,   Franklin  County,  fought  at  Donelson  and  Stone 

River. 
PIUS  PULLIAM,  Franklin  County,  took  part  in  nearly  every  battle 

of  his  company  to  the  close,  and  was  wounded  in  a  cavalry  fight 

near  Camden,  S.  C. 

D.  L.  REVILL,  Owen  County,  fought  at  Donelson. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  5&5 

J.  W.  ROBSON,  Franklin  County,  was  appointed  third  sergeant,  July 
13,  1861,  and  was  promoted  to  first  sergeant  in  1863.  He  fought 
at  Donelson,  and  most  other  engagements  of  his  company  to  the 
close. 

MOSES  RICKETTS,  Louisville,  fought  at  Donelson,  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas. 

W.  H.  RUPE,  Franklin  County,  took  part  in  nearly  all  the  battles  of 
his  company  to  the  close. 

FRED  RICE,  Louisiana,  was  one  of  the  corporals  of  the  company, 
and  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson, Chicka 
mauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  Dallas,  Pine 
Mountain,  and  Kenesaw  Mountain.  He  then  attached  himself 
to  Morgan's  cavalry,  and  served  afterward  with  that  arm.  He  was 
wounded  at  Stone  River. 

SAM  SHEETS,  Franklin  County,  took  part  in  almost  every  engage 
ment  of  the  company  to  the  close,  but  no  further  particulars  are 
known  to  the  writer. 

BEN  SHEETS,  Franklin  County,  was  one  of  the  corporals  of  the 
company — was  for  some  time  a  color  corporal — and  on  more  than 
one  occasion  bore  the  banner  in  battle.  He  fought  at  Donelson, 
and  almost  every  other  battle  of  the  command,  and  was  wounded 
at  Dallas  and  Jonesboro'. 

ARTHUR  SPALDING,  Spencer  County,  fought  in  nearly  all  the 
battles  of  his  company,  and  was  wounded  at  Stone  River,  and  at 
Jonesboro'. 

C.  A.  SEVERING,  Louisville,  was  transferred  from  the  Thirteenth 
Louisiana  Infantry,  April,  1863,  and  fought  with  this  company. at 
Jackson  and  Chickamauga,  and  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place. 
He  fought  also  at  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and 
Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engage 
ments. 

JOHN  T.  SEBREE,  Franklin  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Harts 
ville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca,  Dallas,  and  in  most  of  the  remaining  battles 
to  the  close.  He  was  wounded  through  the  hips  at  Shiloh  and  in 
one  ankle  at  Dallas. 

J.  O.  SEBREE,  Franklin  County,  died  of  disease  at  Bowling  Green, 
December,  1861. 

GEORGE  SEBREE,  Franklin  County,  fought  in  most  of  the  battles 
of  his  regiment,  and  was  wounded  through  the  leg  at  Chicka 
mauga. 

ROBERT  SEBREE,  Franklin  County.  No  facts  known  to  the 
writer. 

CALEB  TOWNLEY,  Louisville,  was  one  of  the  sergeants  of  the 
company,  and  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jack 
son,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas. 


586  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

J.  C.  WALSTON,  fought  at  Donelson,  and  in  a  number  of  the  subse 
quent  battles,  and  was  captured  in  the  summer  of  1864. 

THEODORE  WHITE,  Louisville,  fought  at  Donelson,  and  was  cap 
tured  with  the  regiment,  but  escaped  from  Camp  Morton,  and  at 
tached  himself  to  Adam  R.  Johnson's  regiment  of  cavalry,  with 
which  he  continued  to  serve,  and  in  which  he  was  promoted  to  a 
captaincy. 

KING  WHITE,  Louisville,  was  discharged  soon  after  having  enlisted, 
being  under  age. 

BEN  WRIGHT,  Franklin  County,  took  part  in  a  number  of  the 
battles ;  but  the  particulars  relative  to  his  service  are  not  known 
to  the  writer. 

HAM  WENZEL,  Portland,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  and  Stone 
River,  and  is  supposed  to  have  been  killed  at  the  latter  place. 

PHILIP  UHRIG,  Germany,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  Dallas,  and  in  most  of  the  subsequent  engagements,  both 
infantry  and  cavalry,  but  particulars  are  not  remembered.  He 
was  wounded  once  on  the  campaign  from  Dalton  to  Jonesboro'. 
Died  in  Louisville,  Feb.  21,  1896. 

LEWIS  YOUELL,  took  part  in  most  of  the  battles  of  his  company,  but 
particulars  are  not  known  to  the  writer. 


COMPANY  F,  SECOND  KENTUCKY. 

HERVEY  McDOWELL,  Harrison  County,  captain.  (See  biography.) 

WM.  BEASEMAN,  Harrison  County,  first  lieutenant;  had  served  in 
Mexico  as  a  member  of  Cutter's  company,  McKee's  regiment, 
Second  Kentucky  Infantry,  fought  (1861-65,)  at  Donelson,  Harts 
ville,  and  Stone  River.  After  this  latter  engagement  his  health 
so  declined  that  he  was  unable  to  do  military  service,  and  he 
never  fully  recovered,  even  after  the  war.  Upon  McDowell's 
promotion  he  became  captain.  He  died  at  his  home  in  March, 
1896. 

ROBT.  H.  INNIS,  Harrison  County,  second  lieutenant,  fought  at 
Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas.  He  was  wounded  at 
Stone  River,  and  killed  June  2oth,  1864,  at  Kenesaw  Mountain 
by  the  explosion  of  a  shell,  no  part  of  which  struck  him.  After 
the  war  his  remains  were  removed  from  Marietta  to  the  Confed 
erate  Cemetery  in  Atlanta.  During  the  winter  of  1863-64  he 
served  in  the  quartermaster's  department. 

PHILIP  MURPHY,  Cynthiana,  second  lieutenant  (Sept.  i8th,  1862). 
Had  served  in  Mexico  as  a  member  of  Shawhan's  company, 
Humphrey  Marshall's  cavalry  regiment.  Fought  (1861-65,)  at 
Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mis 
sion  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  Dallas,  and  Kenesaw 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  15RIGADE.  587 

Mountain.  Was  wounded  at  Chickamauga,  and  killed  on  the 
picket  line  at  Kenesaw,  June  22d,  1864.  Is  buried  in  the  Con 
federate  Cemetery  at  Atlanta. 

WILLIAM  HILL,  Bourbon  County,  third  lieutenant,  fought  at  Don- 
elson,  where  he  was  mortally  wounded  by  a  cannon  shot,  and  died 
shortly  after  being  removed  from  the  field.  After  the  war  his  re 
mains  were  removed  to  Jacksonville  in  his  native  county,  where 
a  beautiful  monument  marks  his  resting  place. 

HIRAM  M.  CARPENTER, -Bourbon  County,  second  lieutenant 
(Jan.  ist,  1864),  was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant,  June  2oth, 
1864,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  Dallas, 
Kenesaw  Mountain,  Peachtree,  Intrenchment  and  Utoy  Creeks, 
Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  Was  awarded 
medal  of  honor  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct. 

HENRY  FRITZ,  Parkersburg,  W.  Va.,  first  sergeant,— fought  at 
Uonelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  and  Chickamauga,  at  which 
last  place  he  was  killed.  Was  awarded  medal  of  honor  for  gal 
lant  and  meritorious  conduct  at  Chickamauga. 

WM.  O.  COPPAGE,  Bourbon  County,  color  sergeant, — fought  at 
Donelson,  Hartsville,  and  Stone  River.  Was  killed  at  the  latter 
place  and  was  awarded  medal  of  honor  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
conduct. 

C.  L.  FORD,  Harrison  County,  first  sergeant, — fought  at  Donelson, 
Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca. 

WM.  G.  THOMPSON,  Harrison  County,  second  sergeant, — fought 
at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  Dallas,  Kenesaw, 
Peachtree,  and  Intrenchment  Creeks,  and  was  captured  at  the 
latter  place. 

JAMES  A.  REMINGTON,  Harrison  County,  third  sergeant,— fought 
at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Jackson,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  Dallas,  Kenesaw  Mountain,  and  in  the  mounted 
engagements.  At  Kenesaw  the  explosion  of  the  shell  which 
killed  Innis  so  injured  Remington  as  to  disable  him  for  more  than 
two  months. 

JNO.  T.  HOGG,  Harrison  County,  third  sergeant,  (was  the  son  of 
the  first  white  man  born  in  Harrison  County,)  was  transferred 
from  Morgan's  cavalry  just  before  the  battle  of  Hartsville;  fought 
at  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
Dallas,  Kenesaw,  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks, 
and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  sergeant-major  of  the 
regiment  after  Tho.  E.  Moss  was  made  adjutant.  He  died  in 
Cynthiana,  Nov.  9,  1890. 

JAMES  PRICE,  Harrison  County,  fourth  sergeant,  fought  at  Donel 
son,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca,  Dallas,  Peachtree  Creek,  and  Jonesboro'. 
He  had  served  as  a  volunteer  during  the  Mexican  war. 


588  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

JOHN  B.  WAY,  Bourbon  County,  fourth  sergeant,  was  promoted 
from  fourth  corporal ;  fought  at  Donelson. 

WM.  G.  BARNETT,  Scott  County,  fourth  sergeant,  was  enlisted  at 
the  age  of  fourteen  years  ;  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  Dallas,  Kenesaw, 
Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  Jonesboro',  and  in 
the  mounted  engagements  ;  was  once  severely  wounded,  and  was 
a  fine  soldier  throughout. 

W.  H.  THOMAS,  Nicholas  County,  fifth  sergeant,  fought  at  Donel 
son,  escaped  capture,  and  joined  the  cavalry,  with  which  he  after 
ward  served. 

F.  SAM  THOMASSON,  Scott  County,  fifth  sergeant,  fought  at  Don 
elson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Resaca,  and  Rocky  Face 
Gap. 

JAMES  W.  RISK,  Scott  County,  first  corporal,  fought  at  Donelson, 
and  at  Hartsville.  Lost  a  leg  at  the  latter  place. 

JAMES  H.  GREGORY,  Bourbon  County,  first  corporal,  fought  at 
Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  was  killed  on  the  enemy's 
breastworks  at  the  latter  place,  being  the  foremost  man  of  his 
company.  A  good  soldier  from  first  to  last. 

DAVID  HEARNE,  Scott  County,  first  corporal,  fought  at  Donelson, 
Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face, 
Resaca,  Dallas,  Kenesaw,  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy 
Creeks,  and  at  Jonesboro',  where  he  was  captured  Sept.  i,  1864. 

JOHN  W.  HEARNE,  Scott  County,  second  corporal,  died  of  typhoid 
fever,  at  Bowling  Green,  1861. 

ROBERT  CLINTON  ANDERSON,  Harrison  County,  second  cor 
poral,  was  a  member  of  Capt.  Jo  Desha's  company,  in  First  Ken 
tucky  Infantry ;  after  that  company's  time  expired  he  enlisted  in 
this  company,  and  fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
and  Chickamauga.  At  Jackson  he  was  made  color-bearer,  with 
the  rank  of  first  lieutenant;  was  killed  at  Chickamauga,  after  hav 
ing  planted  his  colors  on  the  enemy's  works.  He  had  honorable 
mention  in  report  of  the  battle. 

GEORGE  H.  EVELETH,  Cynthiana,  third  corporal,  was  killed  in 

battle  at  Donelson. 
DANIEL  MUSSER,  Cynthiana,  fourth  corporal,  was  killed  in  battle 

at  Donelson. 
JOHN   DAVIS,    Cynthiana,  fourth   corporal  (was  an   Englishman) ; 

fought  at  Donelson. 
JACK  DAVIS,  Cynthiana,    musician,   fought  at  Donelson,  and  was 

captured  with  the  rest,  but  escaped  from  prison. 

J.  D.  TAYLOR,  Harrison  County,  musician,  fought  at  Donelson. 

VALENTINE  M.  BELL,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Hartsville  and 
Stone  River ;  was  killed  at  the  latter  place. 

WM.  BEARD,  Harrison  County, died  of  disease,  in  1861. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  589 

JULIUS  BUSHEY,  Canada,  was  sent  to  hospital,  sick,  soon  after  en 
listment,  and  was  never  afterward  heard  of. 

THOMAS  H.  CLAY,  Bourbon  County,  served  during  the  war  as 
teamster. 

JOHN  COOLEY,  Cynthiana,  was  sent  to  hospital,  sick,  soon  after  en 
listment,  and  was  not  afterward  heard  of. 

BRUCE  CHAMP,  Bourbon  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Rocky  Face,  and  Resaca.  Died  in  Paris,. 
Ky.,  about  twenty-seven  years  after  the  war. 

THOMAS  CUMMINS,  Harrison  County,  served  some  time  as  regi 
mental  teamster ;  was  afterward  detailed  as  teamster  for  Gen.  Har- 
dee,  and  continued  with  him  till  the  war  closed. 

B.  F.  DAVIS,  Bourbon  County,  fought  at  Donelson. 

JACK  W.  DUROSSETT,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Donelson, 
Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca. 

MIKE  DONOVAN,  Harrison  County  (an  Irishman),  fought  at  Don 
elson,  and  was  afterward  detailed  as  cooper. 

A.  J.  EGNEW,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Rocky  Face,  Resaca,  Dallas,  Kenesaw, 
Peachtree  Creek,  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  Died,  a  few 
years  ago,  in  Maysville. 

WM.  A.  FREEMAN,  Ohio  (an  old  man),  was  sent,  sick,  to  hospital, 
and  not  afterward  heard  of. 

GEORGE  GALBRAITH,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Donelson. 
Died  in  1895. 

STEPHEN  D.  GORDON,  Kentucky,  was  transferred  from  cavalry 
late  in  1862  ;  fought  at  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga. 
Lost  an  arm  in  the  latter  battle. 

GROSS,  Harrison  County,  committed  suicide  at  Camp  Boone, 

1861. 

DANIEL  L.  HANDY,  Bourbon  County,  fought  at  Donelson.  Died 
of  disease  during  that  year. 

JOHN  T.  HOWARD,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Harts 
ville,  Jackson,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas.  He  was 
badly  wounded  at  Hartsville,  and  on  the  retreat  from  Dallas  was 
so  badly  wounded  as  to  be  permanently  disabled.  Still  lives  in 
his  native  county,  though  suffering  from  the  wounds  received 
thirty-four  years  ago. 

VIRGIL  HALL,  Barren  County,  was  transferred  in  1861  to  Co.  A, 
Fourth  Kentucky  Infantry. 

A.  S.  HOLLAND,  Harrison  County  (an  Irishman),  fought  at  Donel 
son,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  and  afterward  served  as  teamster. 

PARKER  JEWETT,  Scott  County,  fought  at  Donelson. 


590  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

J.  FRANK  KELLEN,  Todd  County,  was  but  fourteen  years  old 
when  enlisted,  but  made  one  of  the  finest  soldiers  in  the  com 
pany;  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
Rocky  Face,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  was  severely  wounded  in  one 
of  the  fights  around  Atlanta,  but  recovered  sufficiently  to  take 
part  in  the  mounted  engagements  till  the  war  ended. 

JAMES  WM.  LINDSAY,  Scott  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Harts 
ville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga;  was  wounded  at  the 
latter  place,  but  recovered  and  fought  on  the  Dalton- Atlanta  cam 
paign  and  to  the  close  of  the  war. 

HAYDON   N.  MATTHEWS,  Harrison  County,  was  killed  in  battle 

at  Donelson. 
CHARLES  MALLEN,  Bourbon  County  (an  Irishman,  who  served  m 

the  British  army  during  the  Crimean  War),  fought  at  Donelson; 

escaped  from  prison  and  rejoined  his  company  at  Murfreesboro' ; 

fought  at  Stone  River,  and  was  killed  there. 

PAT  MERRILL,  Ireland;  no  facts  as  to  his  service  are  remembered. 

WM.  MERRIGAN,  Bourbon  County  (an  Irishman),  fought  at  Don 
elson;  died  of  disease  at  Jackson,  Miss.,  after  the  exchange. 

THOMAS  J.  MITCHELL,  Bracken  County,  fought  at  Donelson  ; 
after  the  regiment  returned  from  prison  he  was  detailed  as  dis 
tiller,  and  served  as  such  for  the  remainder  of  the  war. 

S.  H.  McCARTY,  Pendleton  County;  was  killed  in  the  battle  at 
Donelson. 

WM.  F.  McCARNEY,  Bourbon  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Harts 
ville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  Dallas, 
and  Kenesaw  ;  was  killed  by  a  shell  at  the  latter  place,  June  2oth, 
1864. 

GEORGE  McDANIEL,  Scott  County;  was  killed  in  battle  at 
Donelson. 

THOMAS  D.  McCAW,  Lexington,  fought  at  Donelson,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Mission  Ridge,  and  Rocky  Face  Gap.  Died  in  Vir 
ginia  some  years  after  the  war. 

DANIEL  McCARTY,  Harrison  County  (an  Irishman),  was  trans 
ferred  to  the  sappers  and  miners,  Nov.  13,  1861. 

JOHN  M.  McKNIGHT,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Donelson, 
Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Dallas ;  was 
wounded  on  the  retreat  from  Dallas,  but  recovered  and  took  part 
in  some  subsequent  engagements. 

A.  D.  MOORE,  Bracken  County,  fought  at  Donelson. 

FRANK  M.  NORRIS,  Kentucky,  died  of  disease  at  Bowling  Green, 
Dec.  apth,  1861. 

WM.  ORR,  Scott  County  (an  Irishman),  fought  at  Donelson,  but 
was  afterward  discharged  because  of  disability  by  disease.  . 

WM.  ORR,  Harrison  County;  was  transferred  to  Byrne's  Battery, 
and  made  a  fine  artilleryman. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  591 

WM.  H.  PARMENTER,  Harrison  County  (a  native  of  New  York), 
was  accidentally  wounded  at  Camp  Boone,  sent  to  hospital,  and 
lost  sight  of. 

WM.  M.  PARKS,  Harrison  County;  lost  an  arm  in  battle  at  Don- 
elson,  and  was  discharged.  Now  a  citizen  of  Georgia. 

E.  T.  PHILLIPS,  Bourbon  County,  was  transferred  to  Co.  G. 

JERRY  QUINN,  Bourbon  County;  was  transferred  to  Byrne's  Bat 
tery,  where  he  made  a  good  soldier.  He  was  killed  in  battle. 

MIKE  ROGERS,  Bourbon  County  (an  Irishman),  fought  at  Donel- 
son,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga,  at 
which  latter  place  he  was  wounded. 

N.  FRANK  SMITH,  Cynthiana,  was  not  with  the  company  when  it 
went  to  Donelson,  and  so  escaped  capture;  fought  with  another 
command  at  Shiloh;  rejoined  his  company  after  its  return  from 
prison  and  fought  with  it  at  Hartsville  and  Stone  River;  served 
some  time  in  Division  Commissary ;  was  made  one  of  the  brigade 
detail  of  sharpshooters  organized  at  Dalton,  early  in  1864,  and 
in  that  capacity  took  part  in  all  the  operations  to  the  close  of  the 
campaign. 

JOHN  SHEELEY,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
and  Stone  River. 

SOLOMON  SPEARS,  Bourbon  County,  fought  at  Donelson;  escaped 
from  prison  and  joined  Morgan's  cavalry;  was  promoted  to  a 
lieutenantcy  and  fought  with  that  command  during  the  remainder 
of  the  war. 

JOSEPH  D.  SPEARS,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Donelson.  After 
return  from  prison  he  died  of  disease  at  Jackson,  Miss. 

ROBT.  SPARROW,  Scott  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  and  was 
wounded  there. 

JOHN  STEELE,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  with  Capt.  Ben 
Desha's  company ;  then  with  his  own  company  at  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga,  at  which  latter  place  he  was 
killed. 

SENECA  SUTTON,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Harts 
ville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Resaca,  Dallas,  Kenesaw,  Peachtree, 
Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  Jonesboro'.  He  was 
wounded  at  Hartsville  and  killed  at  Jonesboro. 

JAMES  T.  SMITH,  Scott  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Resaca,  Dallas,  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Peach- 
tree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  at  Jonesboro' ;  was 
captured  at  the  latter  place,  Sept.  i ,  1864,  but  was  soon  exchanged 
and  did  subsequent  service. 

A.  R.  SIPPLES,  Harrison  County,  was  on  other  duty  when  the  com 
pany  went  to  Donelson,  but  fought  at  Shiloh  with  Capt.  Ben 
Desha's  company;  rejoined  his  own  company  on  its  return  from 
prison,  and  fought  with  it  at  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Dallas,  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Peachtree  Creek,  and  Intrench 
ment  Creek,  at  which  last  place  he  was  killed  by  a  shell,  July  22, 
1864. 


592  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

ROBT.  SHARON,  Scott  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Dallas,  Kenesaw 
Mountain,  in  all  the  engagements  around  Atlanta,  at  Jonesboro', 
and  with  the  mounted  command  to  the  close  of  the  war. 

DUNCAN  SCOTT,  Harrison  County ;  no  facts  as  to  his  service 
known  to  the  writer. 

WASHINGTON  TAYLOR,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Donelson, 
Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  Dal 
las,  and  Kenesaw ;  was  wounded  in  the  head  at  Donelson  :  was 
wounded  in  one  of  the  battles  between  Dalton  and  Atlanta;  died 
at  home  in  1870. 

JOSEPH  W.  TAYLOR,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Harts 
ville,  and  Stone  River.  Died  in  his  native  county  about  1870. 

ALEXANDER  TALBOTT,  Bourbon  County,  fought  at  Donelson, 
but  escaped  capture  and  joined  Morgan's  cavalry,  with  which  he 
served  to  the  end  of  the  war. 

JASPER  TAYLOR,  Harrison  County,  enlisted  at  first  in  Humphrey 
Marshall's  command ;  when  his  time  in  that  expired  he  joined 
this  company  and  fought  at  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  Dallas,  and  Kenesaw  Mountain ;  at  the  latter  place 
he  was  wounded  in  the  arm,  but  he  served  till  the  close  of  the 
war. 

NEWTON  TAYLOR,  Harrison  County,  enlisted  at  first  for  one  year 
in  Humphrey  Marshall's  command ;  when  his  time  expired  he 
joined  this  company  and  fought  at  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chicka- 
mauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  Dallas,  Kenesaw  Mountain, 
Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  Jonesboro',  and  in 
the  mounted  engagements.  "  One  of  the  best  soldiers,"  said  his 
captain,  "in  the  regiment." 

C.  A.  WEBSTER,  JR.,  Cynthiana,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
and  Stone  River;  was  one  of  the  McMinnville  guard  in  the 
spring  of  1863  and  was  captured  there.  After  his  exchange  he 
rejoined  his  company  and  served  to  the  close  of  the  war.  Died 
in  Lexington  about  1889. 

WM.  M.  WEBB,  Bourbon  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
Dallas,  Kenesaw  Mountain,  in  the  battles  around  Atlanta,  and  in 
the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  wounded  near  Atlanta.  Was 
commended  for  conspicuous  gallantry  at  Chickamauga.  Died  in 
Paris  long  after  the  war. 

GEO.  W.  WELLS,  Scott  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  and 
Stone  River;  was  captured  at  the  latter  place. 

JOHN  T.  WILLIAMS,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Harts 
ville,  Stone  River,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca. 

JOSEPH  WELLS,  Scott  County,  died  of  disease. 

JAMES  WELLS,  Scott  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  and  Jackson. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  593 


COMPANY  G,  SECOND  REGIMENT. 

JOHN  S.  HOPE,  Virginia,  was  elected  captain,  July  19,  1861.  He 
was  sick  when  the  regiment  went  to  Donelson,  and,  after  having 
recovered,  he  did  staff  duty  with  Generals  Buckner  and  Breckin- 
ridge  till  autumn,  when  he  rejoined  his  company,  and  commanded 
it  till  Gen.  Hanson  took  charge  of  brigade,  when  he  was  named 
as  A.  A.  G.  on  the  staff,  and  served  in  that  capacity  with  Hanson 
and  Helm  until  he  resigned,  some  time  during  the  year  1863.  He 
was  afterward  appointed  assistant  adjutant-general  on  the  staff 
of  Maj.-Gen.  Dick  Taylor,  and  served  with  him  till  the  close  of 
the  war.  He  took  part  in  various  engagements,  both  with  the 
Kentucky  troops  and  with  Gen.  Taylor.  Died  in  Washington, 
D.  C. ,  several  years  after  the  war. 

ED  F.  SPEARS,  Paris,  was  elected  first  lieutenant,  July  19,  1861, 
and  was  promoted  to  captain,  Jan.  22,  1863.  He  fought  at  Don 
elson,  and  was  wounded  through  the  wrist,  Feb.  15,  1862  ;  fought 
also  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to 
Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  and  at 
Jonesboro',  commanding  Co.  G  on  every  occasion  named.  At 
Jonesboro'  he  was  again  seriously  wounded,  but  recovered  and 
took  part  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

SAMUEL  B.  HAWES,  Winchester,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
July  19,  1 86 1,  and  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  and  Stone 
River.  He  was  twice  wounded  at  Donelson — once  dangerously — 
and  was  killed  at  Stone  River. 

JAMES  L.  WHITE,  Bourbon  County,  was  appointed  first  sergeant, 
July  19,  1 86 1,  and  fought  at  Donelson.  He  was  afterward  mur 
dered  in  prison  at  Camp  Morton  by  one  of  the  company  whose 
name  does  not  appear  in  this  account. 

DANIEL  TURNEY,  Paris,  was  appointed  second  sergeant,  July  19, 
1 86 1,  was  promoted  to  first  sergeant  after  the  death  of  Sergt. 
White,  and  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  Feb.  27,  1863.  He 
fought  with  this  company  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  and  Chickamauga.  After  the  death  of  Capt.  Dedman, 
and  the  promotion  of  Lieut.  Bell,  he  was  elected  first  lieutenant 
of  Co,  I,  without  opposition;  and  when  Capt.  Bell  was  retired, 
he  was  made  captain  of  that  company,  and  continued  to  com 
mand  it  till  the  close  of  the  war.  (This  election  to  lieutenantcy  in 
Co.  I,  is  said  to  have  been  the  only  instance  of  promotion  out  of 
the  regular  line  that  took  place  in  the  regiment  during  the  service.) 
He  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chick 
amauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to 
Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both 
days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  all  the  mounted  engagements,  and  was 
but  once  wounded,  and  that  slightly.  He  was  awarded  medal  of 
honor  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  on  the  field  at  Stone 
River. 

38 


594  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

R.  E.  HEWITT,  Tennessee,  was  appointed  third  sergeant,  July  19, 
1 86 1,  and  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca. 
He  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  May  14,  1864. 

JAMES  A.  ALLEN,  Paris,  was  elected  second  lieutenant  in  the 
autumn  of  1861,  and  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  and  Chickamauga.  He  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place 
and  disabled  for  further  duty  in  the  line,  and  was  shortly  afterward 
placed  on  the  retired  list.  On  the  resignation  of  Capt.  Hope  he 
had  been  promoted  to  first  lieutenant,  February,  1863.  Died  in 
Paris  about  twenty  years  after  the  war. 

JOHN  W.  McGHEE,  Jefferson  County,  was  appointed  first  corporal, 
July  19,  1 86 1,  was  afterward  promoted  to  sergeant;  was  elected 
second  lieutenant,  Feb.  23,  1863,  and  was  promoted  to  first  lieu 
tenant,  November,  1863.  He  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree, 
Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  at  Jonesboro'  both  days,  and  in 
the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  wounded  at  Chickamauga. 
Died  near  Pewee  Valley  after  the  war. 

GEORGE  M.  HIBLER,  Paris,  was  appointed  second  corporal,  Jul) 
19,  1 86 1,  and  was  afterward  some  time  orderly  sergeant  of  the 
company.  He  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  and 
was  wounded  at  both  Hartsville  and  Stone  River.  The  wounc 
received  at  the  latter  place  was  so  severe  as  to  disable  him  for 
duty  with  the  company  during  the  entire  year  of  1863,  excep-; 
that  he  fought  during  the  defense  of  Jackson.  He  served  awhile, 
after  having  partially  recovered,  as  clerk  with  Maj.  Boyd,  and 
some  time  as  wagon  master  for  ordnance  train.  At  Dalton  he  re 
joined  the  company  and  fought  at  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and 
Utoy  Creeks;  and  both  days  at  Jonesboro'.  In  the  autumn  and 
winter  of  1864,  he  was  employed  a  portion  of  the  time  as  forage- 
master,  but  took  part  in  nearly  all  the  mounted  engagements  in 
Georgia  and  South  Carolina.  Died  in  Paris  about  twenty  years 
after  the  war. 

CHARLES  C.  IVEY,  Washington,  D.  C.,  was  appointed  third  cor 
poral,  July  19,  1861.  He  was  the  first  drill-master  of  the  company. 
In  the  autumn  of  1861,  he  was  detailed  for  duty  on  the  staff  cf 
Gen.  Breckinridge  ;  and  Aug.  23d,  1863,  he  was  assigned  to  duty 
as  adjutant  of  the  Thirty-second  Alabama  Infantry.  He  was 
afterward  transferred  to  Virginia,  but  no  other  facts  concerning 
him  are  known  to  the  writer. 

LAFAYETTE  BILLS,  Bourbon  County,  was  appointed  fourth  cor 
poral,  July  19,  1 86 1,  and  fought  in  most  of  the  battles  of  the  com 
mand  up  to  Resaca,  when  he  was  captured.  Died  in  Paris  sev 
eral  years  after  the  war. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  I5R1GADE.  595 

JAMES  D.  ARDERY,  Bourbon  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  but  was 
sent  off  to  Nashville  with  prisoners  before  the  termination  of  the 
engagement,  and  thus  escaped  capture.  He  attached  himself  to 
the  Fourth  Regiment,  with  which  he  served  until  he  was  sent  sick 
to  Columbus,  Miss.,  where  he  died,  1862. 

GEO.  W.  ALLEN,  Kentucky,  died  of  disease. 

JAMES  A.  ALLISON,  Lexington,  took  part  in  nearly  every  engage 
ment  of  his  company  to  the  close.  Died  in  Lexington  after  the 
war. 

JOHN  BARRY,  Bourbon  County,  was  in  nearly  all  the  battles  of  the 
company  up  to  Dallas,  and  was  killed  there,  May  28,  1864. 

BENJAMIN  F.  BATTERTON,  Bourbon  County,  was  one  of  the 
sergeants  of  the  company,  and  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment, 
and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted 
engagements.  He  was  awarded  medal  of  honor  for  gallant  and 
meritorious  conduct  at  Chickamauga.  Died  several  years  after 
the  war  near  Shawhan,  Ky. 

JOHN  T.  BARLOW,  Bourbon  County,  died  of  disease  at  Nashville, 
January,  1862. 

DAVID  S.  BECKLEY,  Mason  County,  fought  at  Donelson  and 
Hartsville,  and  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  Dec.  7,  1862. 

WILLIAM  O.  BUTLER,  Millersburg,  was  generally  unfitted  for 
duty  in  the  ranks  by  an  affection  of  the  eye,  and  did  detail  duty 
as  blacksmith.  Died  in  Bourbon  County  after  the  war. 

C.  A.  BARNETT,  was  sick  when  the  regiment  marched  to  Donelson, 
and  joined  Marshall's  command  while  his  own  was  in  prison.  He 
died  in  the  service,  of  disease. 

WM.  BROWNING,  Kentucky,  was  transferred  to  another  command. 
P.  A.  BIGGS,  —       — ,  was  transferred  to  a  Maryland  regiment. 

J.  P.  BALLINGAL,  Nicholas  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Harts 
ville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  In 
trenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  and  at  Jonesboro',  at  which  latter 
place  he  was  killed,  Sept.  i,  1864. 

S.  ABIJAH  BROOKS,  Bourbon  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Harts 
ville,  and  Stone  River.  He  was  mortally  wounded  at  the  latter 
place,  Jan.  2,  1863,  and  died  a  few  days  afterward. 

J.  J.  CORRINGTON,  Millersburg,  was  at  one  time  orderly  sergeant 
of  the  company.  He  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment, 
and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted 
engagements. 

JNO.  R    CROUCH,  Kentucky,  served  during  the  war. 


596  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

J.  M.  CHILES,  Clarke  County,  was  one  of  the  corporals  of  the  com 
pany,  and  took  part  in  most  of  the  battles  of  the  command  up  to 
Dallas,  when  he  was  killed,  May  28,  1864. 

ELI  CHESHIRE,  Paris,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas.  Died  in  Lexington  after  the  war. 

FRANK  CLARK,  Kentucky,  killed,  in  a  private  difficulty,  at  Nash 
ville,  1861.  Was  a  good  soldier. 

JOHN  C.  DAVIS,  was  sick  when  the  regiment  marched  to  Donelson, 
and  while  it  was  in  prison ;  he  fought  with  the  Fourth  Regiment 
at  Shiloh,  where  he  was  disabled  for  further  infantry  service  dur 
ing  the  war  by  a  wound  in  the  foot.  He  rejoined  his  company, 
however,  after  the  command  was  mounted,  and  took  part  in  the 
mounted  engagements. 

WILLIAM  P.  FITZPATRICK,  Bourbon  County,  took  part  in  most 
of  the  battles  of  his  company. 

E.  L.  GILVIN,  Bourbon  County,  took  part  in  some  of  the  engage 
ments  of  the  first  two  years. 

J.  D.  GRIFFIN,  Shelbyville,  was  of  unsound  mind,  and  was  not  re 
quired  to  engage  with  the  company. 

ANDREW  GRIFFIN,  Ireland,  fought  at  Donelson,  was  wounded 
there;  fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chicka 
mauga,  and  detained  in  prison  till  the  autumn  of  1864,  when  he 
rejoined  the  company  and  took  part  in  the  mounted  engage 
ments. 

ISAAC  HANSON,  Clark  County,  fought  at  Stone  River;  served 
afterward  on  Gen.  Helm's  staff. 

WM.  O.  KITE,  Paris,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  and  Stone 
River,  and  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  but  recovered,  and 
fought  also  at  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  In- 
trenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in 
the  mounted  engagements.  Was  for  years  subsequent  to  the  war 
engineer  of  the  Paris  fire  department.  Died  in  1893. 

JOHN  W.  KITE,  Paris,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas.  Has  been  employed  on  the  Kentuckian-Citizen  ever 
since  the  war. 

GEO.  W.  HINTON,  Paris,  was  transferred  from  a  battalion  of  sharp 
shooters  in  the  A.  M.  V.,  May  29,  1863  ;  he  was  afterward  mostly 
engaged  as  harnessmaker,  and  died  of  disease,  just  before  the  war 
closed,  near  Augusta,  Ga. 

S.  H.  HENDRICKS,  Kentucky,  served  during  the  war. 

JNO.  T.  HOGWOOD,  Manchester,  Tenn.,  took  part  in  a  number  of 
the  engagements,  and  was  badly  wounded  at  Chickamauga. 

J.  H.  HOWARTH,  Kentucky,  served  during  the  war. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  597 

FRANK  HURLEY,  Ireland,  was  in  several  battles  with  the  company, 
but  was  much  of  his  time  employed  in  detail  service,  as  tailor. 
He  was  wounded  in  the  foot  at  Dallas. 

THO.  J.  HOWARD,  Bourbon  County,  discharged  because  of  dis 
ability  by  disease. 

J.  A.  KIRKPATRICK,  Nicholas  County,  took  part  in  a  number  of 
the  battles  up  to  July  21,  1864. 

JERRY  LEGGETT,  Bourbon  County,  was  discharged  soon  after 
having  enlisted,  on  account  of  disability  by  disease,  but  after  hav 
ing  measurably  recovered,  he  joined  Morgan's  cavalry,  and  served 
during  the  remainder  of  the  war. 

W.  H.  LEAR,  Bourbon  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  and  was  badly 
wounded  there.  He  thus  escaped  capture,  and,  after  having  re 
covered,  served  some  time  in  the  commissary  department,  but 
subsequently  rejoined  the  company  and  took  part  in  some  of  the 
engagements  up  to  July  21,  1864. 

MADISON  MANN,  Kentucky,  served  during  the  war. 

PETER  MURPHY,  Bourbon  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga.  He  was  mortally 
wounded  at  the  latter  place,  and  died  a  few  days  afterward. 

J.  M.  McGUIRE,  Kentucky,  took  part  in  several  of  the  battles  of 
the  company  up  to  July  10,  1864. 

JOHN  MAHON,  Ireland,  fought  at  Donelson,  and  was  severely 
wounded  there.  He  was  sent  to  Nashville  before  the  fall  of  the 
fort,  and  thus  escaped  capture.  After  having  measurably  recov 
ered,  he  attached  himself  to  the  Fourth  Regiment,  and  fought  at 
Shiloh,  where  he  was  again  wounded;  fought  also  at  Vicksburg, 
and  Baton  Rouge,  and  was  again  wounded  at  the  latter  place. 
He  rejoined  his  own  company  in  the  autumn,  and  fought  with  it 
at  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga,  and  was 
wounded  again  at  Chickamauga.  He  rejoined  company  at  Dai- 
ton,  and  fought  at  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from 
Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks, 
and  at  Jonesboro',  and  was  also  wounded  at  Jonesboro',  but  re 
covered,  and  took  part  in  some  of  the  mounted  engagements. 
"  As  good  a  soldier,"  said  his  captain,  "  as  ever  shouldered  a 
musket.  Was  hit  with  a  bullet  in  every  battle." 

JAMES  MERNAUGH,  Ireland,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dal 
las;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and 
Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted 
engagements.  He  was  badly  crippled  in  one  hand,  by  accidental 
discharge  of  his  gun,  but  handled  his  weapon  as  well  as  he  could, 
and  lost  no  opportunity  to  be  present  in  battle,  unless  prevented 
by  sickness.  Has  been  city  marshal  of  Paris  for  many  years, 
and  a  good  officer. 

WILLIAM  McLEAN,  Paris,  took  in  some  of  the  earlier  engage 
ments,  but  was  generally  employed  in  hospital  duty  for  the  regi 
ment.  Died  in  Jefferson  County  after  the  war. 


598  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

JAMES  A.  McDONALD,  Fleming  County,  fought  at  Donelson, 
Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  and  at  Peach- 
tree,  and  Intrenchment  Creeks.  He  was  badly  wounded  by  a 
shell  at  the  latter  place,  July  22,  1864;  but  recovered  and  took 
part  in  the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  wounded  at  Stone 
River. 

FRANK  McKINNEY,  Ireiana,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  and 
in  most  of  the  other  battles  of  the  company,  and  was  wounded 
at  Dallas. 

GEO.  W.  McINTIRE,  Montgomery  County,  was  an  old  soldier  of 
the  Mexican  war ;  he  fought  with  this  company  at  Donelson,  and 
almost  all  other  battles  of  the  command  up  to  Dallas.  He  was 
wounded  and  disabled  at  the  latter  place,  May  28,  and  was  dis 
charged,  Sept.  2,  1864. 

H.  B.  NELSON,  Nicholas  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Donelson ; 
the  first  man  of  the  Second  Regiment  who  fell  in  fight.  ' '  He  was 
the  first  man  of  the  Orphan  Brigade,"  says  Capt.  Spears,  "who 
fell  in  battle."  Spears  was  by  his  side  when  he  was  struck,  and 
tried  to  staunch  the  wound  with  his  pocket  handkerchief,  but 
found  it  useless. 

J.  H.  NASH,  Bourbon  County,  was  a  United  States  regular  before 
the  war.  He  fought  with  this  company  at  Donelson,  and  was 
wounded  in  the  neck.  He  was  sent  off  to  Nashville  and  escaped 
capture,  and,  after  having  partially  recovered,  attached  himself  to 
the  Fourth  Regiment,  and  fought  at  Shiloh,  where  he  was  se 
verely  wounded  in  the  side,  and  disabled  for  further  duty  during 
the  war. 

WILLIAM  O'NEIL,  Kentucky,  was  in  the  secret  service  for  Gen. 
Buckner  until  the  close  of  the  battle  at  Donelson,  when  he 
escaped  with  valuable  government  papers.  He  rejoined  the  com 
pany  after  the  exchange,  and  fought  at  Hartsville  and  Stone  River. 
He  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  Jan.  2,  1863. 

MIKE  O'BRIEN,  Ireland,  took  part  in  most  of  the  battles  of  the 
company. 

W.  JULIUS  PURNELL,  Millersburg,  was  mortally  wounded  in  bat 
tle  at  Donelson,  and  died  next  day. 

JAMES  M.  PARRIS,  Winchester,  was  one  of  the  sergeants  of  the 
company  until  elected  second  lieutenant,  Dec.  4,  1863.  He 
fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chicka- 
mauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ; 
from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy 
Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engage 
ments.  Died  in  Cincinnati  some  years  after  the  war. 

E.  T.  PHILLIPS,  Kentucky,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Jack 
son,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas.  He  was  captured  at  the  latter  place,  and  detained  in 
prison  till  the  close  of  the  war.  He  was  one  of  the  McMinnville 
Guard,  March  and  April,  1863. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  599 

L.  W.  PHILLIPS,  Kentucky,  took  part  in  nearly  all  the  engagements 
up  to  Chickamauga,  where  he  was  killed,  Sept.  20,  1863. 

MICHAEL  POWERS,  Ireland,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  and 
in  some  other  engagements,  to  the  close,  and  was  wounded  at 
Hartsville. 

R.  M.  PRATHER,  Kentucky,  served  during  the  war. 

V.  PRICE,  Kentucky,  was  sick  when  the  regiment  marched  to  Don 
elson,  but  joined  Morgan's  cavalry  while  his  command  was  in 
prison,  and  in  the  battle  of  Cynthiana  was  shot  through  the  lungs 
and  disabled  for  further  service  during  the  war. 

HARRY  PIPER,  Kentucky,  was  discharged  early  in  the  war,  on  ac 
count  of  disability  by  disease.  He  recovered  sufficiently,  how 
ever,  to  join  Morgan  and  serve  till  the  war  closed. 

L.  H.  PAR  A  DOE,  Bourbon  County,  was  transferred  from  A.  N.  V., 
early  in  1863,  and  fought  with  this  company  at  Jackson  and 
Chickamauga.  He  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  and  disabled 
for  further  infantry  duty,  but  took  part  in  the  mounted  engage 
ments.  He  was  awarded  medal  of  honor  for  gallant  and  merito 
rious  conduct  at  Chickamauga.  Died  some  years  after  the  war, 
in  Clarke  County. 

PAT  PUNCH,  Ireland,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree  and  Intrench- 
ment  Creeks.  He  was  captured  at  the  latter  place,  and  detained 
in  prison  until  just  about  the  close  of  the  war.  He  was  wounded 
at  Chickamauga. 

JAS.  M.  PRIEST,  Jefferson  County,  took  part  in  most  of  the  engage 
ments  of  his  company  to  the  close. 

JAMES  E.  PATTON,  Paris,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta,  and  at  Peachtree 
Creek.  Died  some  years  after  the  war,  in  Chicago. 

W.  J.  RICHARDSON,  Kentucky,  fought  at  Donelson,  and  was 
wounded  there.  He  also  took  part  in  some  other  engagements 
up  to  some  time  in  1864. 

H.  C.  RICHARDSON,  Paris,  fought  at  Donelson.  After  the  war  he 
was  killed  in  Paris  by  accident. 

S.  L.  SPRAGGINS,  Kentucky,  died  of  disease  early  in  the  war. 
W.  G.  STONE,  Kentucky,  served  during  the  war. 

THO.  H.  SHANNON,  Ireland,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  Dallas,  Peachtree  Creek,  Intrenchment  Creek,  and 
Utoy  Creek. 

W.  T.  SHIELDS,  Bourbon  County,  fought  in  a  number  of  the  battles 
of  his  company  up  to  Aug.  9,  1864,  when  he  was  killed  on  the 
skirmish  line  by  a  piece  of  shell.  He  was  wounded  at  Stone  River. 


600  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

J.  T.  SMITH,  Bourbon  County,  was  one  of  the  sergeants  of  the  com 
pany,  and  was  a  noted  marksman.  He  fought  at  Donelson,  and 
was  dangerously  wounded  and  disfigured  by  the  loss  of  part  of  an 
ear ;  rejoined  his  company  the  day  before  Hartsville,  and  fought 
also  at  Hartsville  and  Stone  River,  and  at  Stone  River  was  dan 
gerously  wounded  in  the  foot.  He  recovered,  however,  sufficiently 
to  rejoin  the  company  the  day  before  Dallas,  and  went  into  that 
fight,  where  he  was  killed. 

WM.  H.  SKILLMAN,  Kentucky,  was  transferred  from  this  company, 
and  served  in  another  command. 

W.  \V.  SKINNER,  Nicholas  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga,  and  was  killed  at  the 
latter  place. 

JASON  SANDERS,  Millersburg,  fought  at  Donelson. 

W.  J.  TUCKER,  Bourbon  County,  took  part  in  several  of  the  en 
gagements  of  1862-3. 

HENRY  SPEARS,  Paris,  was  disabled  for  service  in  the  field,  and 
was  assigned  to  duty  early  in  the  war,  in  the  paymaster's  depart 
ment,  at  Richmond. 

JOE  S.  TRIGG,  Millersburg,  was  discharged  early  in  the  war,  on  ac 
count  of  disability  by  disease. 

A.  G.  WAINWRIGHT,  Kentucky,  served  during  the  war. 

J.  M.  WINSTON,  Bourbon  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  and  in  some 
other  engagements,  but  was  generally  on  duty  in  hospitals.  He 
died  of  disease  in  Mississippi  before  the  close  of  the  war. 

OSCAR  WATTS,  Clarke  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and 
Resaca.  He  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  May  14,  1864. 

JAMES  WADDLE,  Nicholas  County,  was  sick  when  the  regiment 
went  to  Donelson,  and  was  afterward  discharged. 

THO.  YORK,  Ireland,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas; 
from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy 
Creeks,  and  at  Jonesboro'.  He  was  captured  at  the  latter  place, 
and  detained  in  prison  till  the  close  of  the  war.  He  was  wounded 
at  Kenesaw  Mountain.  Died  in  Paris  in  1895. 

BRICE  R.  YOUNG,  Kentucky,  served  during  the  war. 


COMPANY  H,  SECOND  REGIMENT. 

ASTON  MADEIRA,  Covington,  was  elected  captain,  Aug.  i,  1861. 
He  fought  at  Donelson,  and  was  captured  there,  but  made  his 
escape  into  Canada,  where  he  remained  till  winter,  when  he  made 
his  way  to  the  Confederate  States,  and  rejoined  his  company  at 
Tullahoma.  He  fought  at  Jackson  and  Chickamauga,  receiving 
at  the  latter  place,  September  20,  a  mortal  wound,  of  which  he 
died  in  Atlanta,  Sept.  28,  1863.  In  1847,  ne  enlisted  in  a  regi 
ment  of  Kentucky  volunteers  for  service  in  Mexico,  and  was 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  601 

chosen  lieutenant  of  a  company,  in  which  capacity  he  served 
during  his  term,  and  fought  at  Buena  Vista.  Returning  to  Cov- 
ington,  in  1848,  he  practiced  law  successfully  at  that  place  till  the 
breaking  out  of  hostilities  in  1861,  when  he  raised  a  company  for 
the  Southern  service,  and  by  personal  sacrifice  and  heroic  deeds 
wrote  an  honorable  name  in  the  annals  of  his  people. 

LEWIS  E.  PAYNE,  Kentucky,  was  elected  first  lieutenant,  Aug.  i, 
1 86 1.  He  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
and  Chickamauga.  At  Dalton,  he  was  made  ordnance  officer  on 
the  staff  of  Gen.  Lewis,  waiving  his  right  to  captaincy  of  this  com 
pany  in  favor  of  Lieut.  Lair,  and  served  in  that  capacity  during 
the  remainder  of  the  war. 

WM.  T.  ESTEP,  Covington,  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  Aug.  i, 
and  was  promoted  to  captain  and  A.  Q.  M.,  Nov.  28,  1861.  He 
served  as  quartermaster  of  the  Second  Regiment  during  the  re 
mainder  of  the  war,  but  voluntarily  entered  the  field,  and  fought 
at  Donelson,  at  Utoy  Creek,  ami  in  some  of  the  mounted  engage 
ments. 

A.  K.  LAIR,  Lair's  Station,  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  Aug.  i, 
1 86 1,  and  was  promoted  to  captain,  January,  1864.  He  fought 
at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dal 
las  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks; 
both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  Died 
in  Georgetown,  Sept.  30,  1895. 

MICHAEL  J.  CAMPION,  Covington,  was  elected  second  lieuten 
ant,  Sept.  19,  1862.  He  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Jack 
son,  and  Chickamauga;  was  severely  wounded  at  the  latter  place, 
but  recovered  and  fought  at  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dal 
las;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and 
Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  the  mounted  engage 
ments.  This  young  officer— brave  and  faithful — obedient  to 
authority  himself,  but  indulgent  to  his  men,  and  accommodating 
to  all — won  for  himself  a  place  in  the  affections  as  well  as  the 
esteem  of  his  companions  in  arms ;  but  after  having  passed  through 
so  many  trials  and  dangers,  he  returned  to  meet  death  in  his 
native  town  by  violent  hands,  having  been  set  upon  and  killed  in 
an  affray  at  a  public  celebration,  at  that  place,  on  the  4th  of  July, 
1867. 

JOHN  T.  VARNON,  Georgetown,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
January,  1864.  He  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  and  Resaca.  He  died  of 
disease  at  Selma,  Ala.,  in  the  summer  of  1864. 

ROBERT  A.  ARNOLD,  Carroll  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Harts 
ville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga,  and  was  wounded 
at  the  latter  place.  He  fought  also  at  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree, 
Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  at  Jonesboro'  and  in  the  mounted 
engagements. 


602  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

ROBERT  A.  ANDERSON,  Harrison  County,  was  at  one  time  a 
soldier  in  the  old  army  of  the  United  States;  served,  first  year  of 
the  late  war,  in  Capt.  Jo  Desha's  company  (C),  First  Kentucky 
Infantry,  A.  N.  V.  ;  reenlisted  (after  his  company  was  disbanded) 
in  the  Second  Regiment,  and  fought  with  it  at  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga.  Was  killed  at  Chicka- 
mauga. 

JOHN  G.  ANDERSON,  Kentucky,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Donelson, 
February,  1862. 

PAXTON  T.  BAKER,  Owen  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Harts 
ville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peach- 
tree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  at  Jonesboro'.  He 
was  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  but  recovered  and  took  part  in 
the  closing  operations. 

JOHN  BOYCE,  Scott  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga. 

CALEB  BENTOL,  Boone  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  and  Resaca.  He  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  May 
14,  1864. 

THOMAS  BATTS,  Kentucky,  fought  at  Donelson  with  this  company, 
and  afterward  joined  a  cavalry  command  and  served  with  it. 

MIKE  H.  BARLOW,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Donelson  with  this 
company,  but  after  the  exchange  was  effected  in  September,  1862, 
he  joined  Morgan's  cavalry,  served  with  him  during  the  remainder 
of  the  war,  and  attained  to  the  rank  of  lieutenant. 

ALEXANDER  G.  BRAWNER,  Frankfort,  fought  at  Donelson, 
Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga.  He  was 
wounded  at  the  latter  place,  but  recovered  and  fought  at  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  At 
lanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days 
at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  Died  in  Frank 
lin  County  some  years  after  the  war. 

CONRAD  BILLS,  Germany,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  and 
Stone  River,  and  was  severely  wounded  at  the  latter  place.  He 
was  employed  most  of  the  remaining  time,  till  the  command  was 
mounted,  on  detail  service,  but  took  part  in  the  mounted  engage 
ments  till  February,  1865,  when  he  was  drowned  while  the  com 
mand  was  crossing  the  Savannah  river. 

WM.  BRADLEY,  Petersburg,  was  transferred  to  this  company,  Sep 
tember,  1863,  and  fought  with  it  at  Chickamauga,  and  Mission 
Ridge.  He  then  joined  Col.  Howard  Smith's  regiment  of  Mor 
gan's  command,  and  was  killed,  June,  1864,  at  Mt.  Sterling,  Ky. 

THOMAS  P.  BRAWNER,  Frankfort,  fought  during  the  first  year  of 
the  war  with  a  regiment  of  Mississippians;  attached  himself  tem 
porarily  to  the  Second  Regiment  in  the  autumn  of  1862,  and 
fought  with  this  company  (H)  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jack 
son,  and  Chickamauga.  He  then  joined  Morgan's  cavalry,  and 
continued  to  serve  with  that  arm. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  003 

ROBERT  CHRISLER,  Kentucky,  fought  at  Donelson,  and  was  cap 
tured  there. 

GARRARD  D.  CRUTCHER,  Woodford  County,  fought  at  Don 
elson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  and  Jackson,  and  was  on  detail 
duty  at  Chickamauga. 

ROBERT  D.  G.  CHAPMAN,  Alleghany  County,  Pa.,  was  known 
throughout  Breckinrkige's  division  as  a  fine  violinist  and  for  his 
singular  sobriquet  of  "  Shoot-the-cat."  He  fought  at  Donelson, 
Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas. 

J.  HUGHES  CONRADT,  Kentucky,  fought  at  Donelson,  and  was 
wounded  there.  After  having  recovered,  he  joined  Morgan's 
cavalry,  and  became  a  lieutenant  of  that  arm,  participating  in 
various  subsequent  engagements. 

JOHN  CANTRILL,  Georgetown,  fought  at  Donelson,  and,  having 
been  captured  there,  he  died  in  prison  at  Camp  Morton,  March, 
1862. 

T.  L.  COX,  Kenton  County,  fought  at  Donelson  and  Stone  River, 
after  which  he  was  on  detached  service,  and  did  not  again  enter 
the  ranks. 

BEN  F.  CONNOR,  Boone  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Mission  Ridge ;  after 
which  he  joined  the  Sixth  Confederate  Cavalry,  and  served  there 
with. 

JAMES  D.  CAMPBELL,  Kentucky,  fought  at  Donelson,  but  served 
most  of  the  remainder  of  the  war  in  the  quartermaster's  depart 
ment  with  Maj.  Sam  Hays. 

JAMES  WM.  DOUGHERTY,  White  Sulphur,  fought  at  Donelson, 
Hartsville,  and  Stone  River,  and  was  killed  at  the  latter  place. 

CHARLES  H.  DAVIS,  Georgetown,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga,  and  was  wounded  at  the 
latter  place. 

W.  IKE  DAVIS,  Ghent,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  and  Chickamauga. 

ROBERT  K.  DULANEY,  Kentucky,  fought  at  Donelson,  but  es 
caped  and  joined  Morgan's  command,  with  which  he  served  dur 
ing  the  remainder  of  the  war. 

H.  CLAY  ELLIS,  Carrollton,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Mission  Ridge.  He  was  as 
signed  to  duty  with  Co.  E,  Fifth  Regiment,  March,  1864,  having 
been  elected  to  a  lieutenantcy  in  that  company,  and  afterward 
fought  with  it  till  the  war  closed. 

B.  WINSLOW  ESTEP,  Covington,  was  not  enlisted  till  December, 
1862,  but  fought  afterward  at  Stone  River,  and  was  wounded 
there;  fought  also  at  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta; 
atPeachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks  ;  at  Jonesboro',  and 
in  the  mounted  engagements. 


.604  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

GANG  A.  ELGIN,  Georgetown,  fought  at  Donelson  and  Hartsville, 
and  was  badly  wounded  at  the  latter  place.  He  was  transferred 
to  Col.  W.  C.  P.  Breckinridge's  regiment  Kentucky  cavalry, 
being  disabled  for  infantry  service,  and  fought  with  the  command 
until  the  close  of  the  war.  He  was  complimented  by  his  officers 
for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  on  the  field.  Died  at  home 
some  time  after  the  war. 

STEVE  ESTILL,  Kentucky,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga  and  Mission  Ridge.  At  Dalton, 
he  was  placed  on  the  corps  of  sharpshooters,  and  was  almost 
daily  engaged  with  the  enemy  from  Dalton  to  Jonesboro'.  He 
died  at  West  Point,  Ga. ,  Oct.  27,  1864,  of  a  wound  which  he 
himself  had  accidentally  inflicted. 

JOHN  FAHEY,  Germany,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Mission  Ridge.  He  was 
wounded  at  Stone  River.  While  the  army  was  at  Dalton,  he 
was  detailed  as  butcher  for  brigade,  and  served  in  that  capacity 
till  the  command  was  mounted,  after  which  he  generally  remained 
with  the  dismounted  detachment. 

THOMAS  E.  FISH,  Scott  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  and  Resaca. 

BENJAMIN  FINNELL,  Scott  County,  did  not  join  the  company  till 
February,  1864.  He  fought  with  it  at  Resaca  and  Dallas. 

ROBERT  GORDON,  Kentucky,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  and 
Stone  River,  and  was  afterward  on  detached  service. 

CHARLIE  HERBST,  Maysville,  fought  at  Donelson  •  while  in  con 
finement  at  Camp  Morton,  he  was  for  three  months  employed  in 
the  post-office  for  prisoners,  and  was  for  some  time  sergeant  of  a 
prison  division.  After  the  exchange  he  fought  at  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas. 
He  was  severely  wounded  at  the  latter  place  and  long  disabled, 
but  reported  in  the  autumn,  and  was  assigned  to  duty  with  Col. 
John  F.  Cameron,  who  appointed  him  sergeant-major,  and  with 
whom  he  remained  until  the  close  of  the  war. 

URIAH  HUMBLE,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Harts 
ville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  In- 
trenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  at  Jonesboro'.  After  the  com 
mand  was  mounted,  he  was  detailed  as  blacksmith,  and  was  gen 
erally  engaged  in  that  duty  during  the  remainder  of  the  war. 

LEM  R.  HARRIS,  Carrollton,  fought  at  Donelson.  After  the  ex 
change,  he  was  left  sick  at  Jackson,  beyond  which  no  other  facts 
are  known  to  the  writer. 

SAMUEL  K.  HAYS,  Kenton  County,  was  appointed  major  and  A. 
Q.  M.,  at  Bowling  Green,  1861,  on  the  staff  of  Gen.  Buckner. 
He  fought  at  Donelson,  but  was  generally  afterward  confined  to 
the  legitimate  duties  of  his  office. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  605 

WILLIAM  B.  HARSON,  Carroll  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Harts- 
ville,  Stone  River,  and  Jackson.  Was  sent  sick  to  hospital,  some 
time  during  the  summer  of  1863,  and  is  supposed  to  have  died 
there. 

WILLIAM  H.  HAMMOND,  fought  at  Donelson,  but  no  other  facts 
are  known  to  the  writer. 

N.  B.  HAMMOND,  Kentucky,  fought  at  Donelson.  No  other  facts 
are  known  to  the  writer. 

ROBERT  HOWE,  Owen  County,  fought  at  Donelson  and  Hartsville. 

ROBERT  M.  JONES,  Grant  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Mission  Ridge,  after 
which  he  joined  the  Sixth  Confederate  Cavalry,  December,  1863, 
and  served  with  that  command. 

WILLIAM  JEFFREY,  was  transferred  to  this  company,  February, 
1863  (having  previously  served  elsewhere),  and  fought  with  it  at 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Mission  Ridge.  He  then  joined  the 
Sixth  Confederate  Cavalry,  January,  1864,  and  served  afterward 
with  that  command. 

JOHN  R.  KINDALL,  Owen  County,  fought  with  this  company  at 
Donelson. 

JOHN  F.  M.  LEMON,  Georgetown,  fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas. 

WILLIAM  H.  LONGMORE,  Covington,  fought  at  Donelson,  and 
acted  some  time,  during  the  autumn  after  the  exchange,  as  orderly 
for  Gen.  Hanson. 

WOODFORD  W.  LONGMORE,  Covington,  fought  at  Donelson, 
and  was  captured  there,  but  escaped  from  Camp  Morton  and 
joined  Morgan's  cavalry,  with  which  he  served  during  the  re 
mainder  of  the  war,  and  lost  a  leg  at  Cynthiana.  Died  in  Frank 
fort  while  clerk  of  the  Court  of  Appeals,  March  20,  1891. 

JAMES  N.  MASON,  Owen  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas.  He  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  May 
28,  1864. 

JOHN  N.  MASON,  Owen  County,  fought  at  Donelson  and  Harts 
ville  ;  was  very  badly  wounded  there,  and  long  disabled,  but 
recovered  and  fought  at  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ; 
from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy 
Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engage 
ments. 

RICHARD  L.  McLEAN,  Kentucky,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  and  Resaca;  was  seriously  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  but 
recovered  and  took  part  in  the  engagements  at  Peachtree  and  In 
trenchment  Creeks,  and  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  July  22, 
1864. 


606  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

LAFAYETTE  H.  McCLUNG,  Kentucky,  fought  at  Donelson, 
Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and 
Utoy  Creeks  ;  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

DUDLEY  C.  MITCHELL,  Kentucky,  fought  at  Donelson,  and  after 
ward  served  with  a  command  of  cavalry. 

JAMES  MOORE,  Carroll  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  and  most  of  the  other  engagements  of  his  company 
to  the  close. 

WILLIAM  C.  MILLER,  Kentucky,  was  transferred,  Nov.  2,  1862, 
from  Bullitt's  Kentucky  cavalry,  and  took  part  in  some  of  the  sub 
sequent  engagements. 

ROBERT  MOORE,  Carroll  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga.  He  was  mortally 
wounded  at  the  latter  place,  and  died  two  days  afterward,  at  the 
field  hospital.  He  was  awarded  medal  of  honor  for  gallant  and 
meritorious  conduct. 

JAMES  P.  MOOKLAR,  Covington,  fought  at  Donelson,  Harts 
ville,  and  Stone  River. 

GEORGE  W.  MARQUESS,  Kentucky,  took  part  in  nearly  all  the 
engagements  of  his  company,  and  was  wounded  at  Stone  River. 

DAVID  OSBORNE,  Boone  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  and  was 
slightly  wounded  there. 

WILLIAM  O'DAY,  Scott  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
and  Stone  River;  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  but  recovered 
and  fought  at  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  and  then  con 
nected  himself  with  a  cavalry  command,  with  which  he  served  till 
the  close  of  the  war. 

PHILIP  ORR,  Kentucky,  fought  at  Donelson. 

ELIJAH  PARKER,  Petersburg,  fought  at  Donelson,  and  was 
wounded  there  ;  fought  also  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas ;  and  was  again  wounded  at  Dallas.  After  having  recov 
ered  he  joined  the  Sixth  Confederate  Kentucky  Cavalry,  and  took 
part  in  a  number  of  engagements  with  that  regiment ;  was  present 
in  the  affair  at  Greenville,  Tenn.,  in  which  Gen.  Morgan  fell. 

MARION  POWELL,  Owen  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  R.iver,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Mission  Ridge. 

JO  S.  ROBINSON,  Covington,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga;  was  wounded  at  the  latter 
place;  fought  also  at  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment, 
and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  at  Jonesboro'.  He  was  wounded  again  at 
Jonesboro',  but  took  part  in  some  of  the  mounted  engagements. 
He  was  some  time  sergeant-major  of  the  regiment. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  607 

WILLIAM  REID,  Kentucky,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  and 
Chickamauga.  He  was  transferred  to  Co.  C,  Fifth  Regiment, 
Nov.  23,  1863. 

HARDIN  T.  RODGERS,  White  Sulphur,  fought  at  Donelson,  Harts 
ville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  and  Resaca.  He  was  wounded  at  Chickamauga. 

WILLIAM  T.  RICHARDSON,  Scott  County,  fought  at  Donelson, 
Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga;  was  mor 
tally  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  and  died  a  short  time  afterward. 
He  was  awarded  medal  of  honor  for  gallant  and  meritorious  con 
duct. 

JOHN  A.  RUCKER,  Georgetown,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas. 

JO  B.  RUCKER,  Georgetown,  fought  at  Donelson,  after  which  he 
connected  himself  with  cavalry  command,  and  did  service  with  it. 

SAM  T.  RAWLINS,  Scott  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Mission  Ridge.  Was 
captured  on  retreat  from  latter  place  and  detained  in  prison  at 
Nashville,  then  at  Louisville,  then  at  Rock  Island,  till  after  the 
close  of  the  war.  He  has  long  been  a  successful  physician  and 
business  man  in  Scott  County. 

ROD  REYNOLDS,  Kentucky,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Donelson, Feb. 
14,  1862. 

ALEXANDER  RANKIN,  Scott  County,  fought  at  Ponelson,  Harts 
ville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas  ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peach- 
tree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the 
mounted  engagements. 

FRANK  RIGGS,  Kentucky,  fought  at  Donelson.  No  other  facts 
known  to  the  writer. 

CHARLES  M.  SWAGAR,  Louisville,  fought  during  the  first  year  of 
the  war  in  the  First  Kentucky  Infantry,  A.  N.  V.,  at  Dranesville 
and  on  the  Peninsula.  After  the  First  Regiment  was  disbanded, 
he  enlisted  with  this  company,  Sept.  16,  1862,  and  fought  with  it 
at  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas.  He  was  captured  at  the 
latter  place,  but  escaped,  while  en  route  to  prison,  into  Canada ; 
participated  in  the  St.  Albans  raid  ;  was  twice  arrested  and  im 
prisoned,  under  charges,  at  Montreal,  but  was  released  about  the 
time  the  war  closed,  and  went  to  Paris,  France,  where  he  spent 
two  years,  and  then  returned  to  his  native  city.  During  his 
service  with  the  Second  Regiment,  he  was  wounded  at  both 
Hartsville  and  Chickamauga. 

WM.  B.  STAMPER,  Kentucky,  was  transferred,  Nov.  2,  1862,  from 
Bullitt's  Kentucky  cavalry,  and  took  part  in  some  subsequent  en 
gagements. 


608  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

JAMES  H.  SUMMERS,  Covington,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas.  He  was  captured  at  the  latter 
place,  but  was  exchanged  in  time  to  be  present  at  the  surrender. 

JOHN  W.  SMITH,  Florence,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga;  was  wounded  at  the  latter 
place;  fought  also  at  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas.  He  was  killed  at  Dallas,  May  28,  1864. 

ED  J.  SANDERS,  Carroll  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  and  was 
wounded  there;  fought  also  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and 
Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  en 
gagements. 

HUGH  B.  STAMPER,  Owen  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  and  was 
captured,  but  escaped  from  prison  at  Camp  Morton,  and  entered 
the  cavalry,  with  which  he  continued  to  serve. 

OWEN  T.  SOUTHER,  Boone  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  and  was 
wounded  there.  After  having  been  exchanged,  he  connected 
himself  with  the  Sixth  Confederate  Cavalry,  with  which  he  after 
ward  served. 

BEN  M.  TALBOTT,  Boone  County,  fought  in  almost  every  engage 
ment  of  his  command,  and  was  wounded  at  Jonesboro',  Aug. 
31,  1864. 

ED  R.  THOMAS,  Covington,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville  and 
Stone  River. 

ODELL  G.  TABER,  Covington,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  and 
Stone  River.  He  was  discharged  in  the  spring  of  1863,  being 
under  age,  but  was  again  with  the  regiment  in  May,  1864,  and 
fought  with  his  old  company  at  Resaca. 

WASH  C.  TAPMAN,  Boone  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Mission  Ridge;  and  in  April,  1864, 
connected  himself  with  the  Sixth  Confederate  Cavalry. 

GEORGE  VAN  BUREN,  Kentucky,  fought  at  Donelson.  After  the 
exchange,  he  was  detailed  as  teamster;  was  afterward  appointed 
wagon-master,  and  continued  to  serve  in  such  capacity. 

EDWARD  SAYSE  WRIGHT,  Georgetown,  D.  C.,  fought  at  Don 
elson,  Hartsville,  and  Stone  River,  and  was  killed  at  the  latter 
place,  Jan.  2,  1863.  He  was  awarded  medal  of  honor  for  gallant 
and  meritorious  conduct  on  the  field. 

TOM  C.  WRIGHT,  Georgetown,  D.  C.,  fought  at  Donelson,  but 
after  the  exchange,  in  September,  he  was  assigned  to  duty  in  the 
quartermaster's  department,  and  transferred  to  the  command  of 
Gen.  Buckner. 

GEO.  W.  WILLIAMS,  Covington,  fought  at  Donelson,  but  was  aft 
erward  appointed  a  captain  of  artillery,  and  organized  a  battery, 
which  was  assigned  to  duty  in  the  department  of  East  Kentucky 
and  West  Virginia. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  (509 

HARRISON  P.  WHITE,  Kentucky,  fought  at  Donelson  and  at 
Hartsville.  At  the  latter  place  he  was  wounded  and  disabled  for 
duty  in  the  ranks,  and  in  May,  1863,  he  was  made  orderly  for 
brigade  headquarters,  in  which  capacity  he  served  during  the  re 
mainder  of  the  war. 


COMPANY  I,  SECOND  REGIMENT. 

GUSTAVUS  DEDMAN,  Anderson  County,  was  elected  captain, 
July  28,  1 86 1.  He  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  and  Chickamauga,  and  was  killed  at  the  latter  place, 
Sept.  20,  1863. 

C.  C.  LILLARD,  Anderson  County,  was  elected  first  lieutenant,  July 
28,  1 86 1.  He  fought  at  Donelson  and  Stone  River,  and  resigned, 
Feb.  15,  1863.  Died  in  Lawrenceburg,  June  24,  1896. 

S.  S.  COLLINS,  Franklin  County,  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  July 
28,  1861.  He  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  and  Stone  River, 
and  resigned,  Feb.  15,  1863. 

W.  E.  BELL,  Anderson  County,  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  July 
28,  1861  ;  promoted  to  first  lieutenant,  Feb.  15,  1863;  and  to 
captain,  Oct.  i,  1863.  He  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  Jackson  and  Chickamauga.  He  was  acting  adjutant  of  the 
Second  Regiment  from  the  battle  of  Stone  River,  to  that  of  Chick 
amauga  ,  and  at  the  latter  place  was  wounded  and  disabled  for 
further  duty  during  the  war.  After  having  despaired  of  recover 
ing  for  efficient  service,  he  was  placed  on  the  list  of  retired  officers, 
Oct.  24,  1864. 

DANIEL  TURNEY,  Bourbon  County.      (See  Co.  G.) 

S.  JAMES  HANKS,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Harts 
ville,  and  Stone  River,  and  was  severely  wounded  at  the  latter 
place.  He  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  Nov.  16,  1863,  and 
fought  afterward  at  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca  and  Dallas ;  and 
lost  a  leg  at  the  latter  place.  He  was  highly  complimented  both 
for  gallantry  and  devotion  to  the  cause,  from  the  fact  that  the 
wound  received  at  Stone  River  really  disabled  him  for  any  further 
service  during  the  war,  being  of  the  most  dangerous  character — 
through  the  bowels — but  he  entered  determinedly  upon  the  sum 
mer  campaign  of  1864,  though  suppuration  of  the  wound  was 
still  going  on.  Died  near  Lawrenceburg,  1892. 

JORDAN  M.  FRAZIER,  Anderson  County,  was  one  of  the  sergeants 
of  the  company,  and  in  January,  1864,  was  elected  second  lieu 
tenant.  He  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jack 
son,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment, 
and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted 
engagements. 

CAMPBELL  ARNETT,  Woodford  County,  attached  himself  to  a 
cavalry  command,  with  which  he  served  till  the  close  of  the  war. 

39 


610  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

JOHN  P.  AUBREY,  Franklin  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Harts- 
ville,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta,  and  in  all  the 
mounted  engagements. 

CHARLES  APPLETON,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicks- 
burg,  Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chicka 
mauga,  Resaca,  Dallas,  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  He 
was  wounded  at  Chickamauga  and  at  Dallas. 

J.  L.  ARNETT,  Woodford  County,  was  transferred  to  a  cavalry  com 
mand  in  1 86 1,  with  which  he  afterward  served. 

BEN  F.  BROWN,  Franklin  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Resaca,  and  in  the  mounted 
engagements.  He  was  wounded  at  Resaca. 

JOHN  BROWN,  East  Tennessee,  enlisted  late  in  the  war,  and  took 
part  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

CHARLES  H.  BOWEN,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Donelson, 
Hartsville,  and  at  Stone  River.  He  was  killed  at  the  latter  place, 
Jan.  2,  1863. 

WM.  BROWN,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Donelson  and  Hartsville. 
He  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  and  after  having  recovered, 
he  joined  Forrest's  cavalry. 

JOHN  H.  GRAIN,  Anderson  County,  was  one  of  the  sergeants  of  the 
company,  and  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River, 
Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas 
to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both 
days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  all  the  mounted  engagements.  He  was 
severely  wounded  at  Stone  River,  and  was  awarded  medal  of 
honor  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  on  that  field. 

E.  J.  COLLINS,  Franklin  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Donelson. 
February,  1862. 

GEO.  W.  CHANEY,  Franklin  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  and  was 
wounded  there.  He  fought  also  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jack 
son,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca. 
and  Dallas.  He  was  seriously  wounded  at  Dallas,  but  recovered 
and  took  part  in  the  closing  engagements. 

THOMAS  COKE,  Anderson  County,  served  with  this  company  till 
February,  1862,  when  he  attached  himself  to  a  cavalry  command, 
and  continued  with  that  arm. 

BRADLEY  COX,  Anderson  County,  was  discharged  on  account  of 
disability  by  disease,  1861. 

G.  W.  EMERSON,  Kentucky,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Donelson. 

JORDAN  FIDDLER,  Anderson  County,  served  as  teamster,  through 
out  the  war. 

JOSEPH  FORD,  Anderson  County,  was  generally  disabled  by  dis 
ease  for  service  in  the  ranks,  but  fought  at  Donelson  and  Chicka 
mauga. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  611 

JOHN  FARRELL,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Harts 
ville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta,  and  in  the  mounted 
engagements  in  South  Carolina. 

JOSEPH  A.  FRAZIER,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Donelson, 
Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Jonesboro', 
and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

BEN  FROMAN,  Anderson  County,  attached  himself  to  cavalry  some 
time  after  having  enlisted. 

DAVID  FROMAN,  Anderson  County,  served  with  this  company  till 
February,  1862,  when  he  attached  himself  to  a  command  of  cav 
alry. 

JOHN  GALVIN,  Bloomfield,  attached  himself  to  a  cavalry  command 
soon  after  having  enlisted. 

W.  O.  HARDESTER,  Nelson  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Harts 
ville,  and  Stone  River,  and  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  Jan.  2, 
1863. 

OSCAR  HACKLEY,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Harts 
ville,  and  Stone  River,  and  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place ; 
fought  at  Chickamauga,  and  was  killed  there.  He  was  awarded 
medal  of  honor  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct. 

S.  O.  C.  HACKLEY,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Harts 
ville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca,  Dallas,  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  He 
was  wounded  at  Chickamauga. 

A.  O.  HORNBAKER,  Anderson  County,  was  one  of  the  sergeants 
of  the  company.  He  fought  at  Donelson  and  Stone  River,  and 
was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  Jan.  2,  1863. 

JOHN  M.  HANKS,  Anderson  County,  fought  in  every  battle  in 
which  his  regiment  took  part  during  the  war;  was  never  sick  nor 
absent,  and  was  never  wounded. 

D.  G.  HANKS,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  but  escaped 
capture,  and  fought  with  another  regiment  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
and  Baton  Rouge.  He  rejoined  his  own  company  in  the  autumn, 
and  fought  with  it  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chicka 
mauga,  and  Mission  Ridge.  After  this  he  served  some  time  with 
a  cavalry  command,  but  returned  to  the  Second  Regiment  in  the 
autumn  of  1864,  and  took  part  in  its  subsequent  engagements. 

WILLIAM  JETT,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Harts 
ville,  Stone  River,  and  Chickamauga.  He  was  wounded  at  the 
latter  place,  and  disabled  for  further  infantry  duty,  but  rejoined 
the  command  in  the  autumn  of  1864,  and  took  part  in  the  mounted 
engagements. 

J(  )HN  JETT,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Resaca,  Dallas,  Jonesboro',  and  in  the 
mounted  engagements. 


612  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

GEORGE  W.  JAMEISON,  Anderson  County,  was  killed  in  battle 
at  Donelson. 

ROBERT  JOHNSON,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  and 
died  of  disease  at  Camp  Morton,  Ind. 

P.  H.  JONES,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  He  was 
wounded  at  Shiloh,  Baton  Rouge,  Chickamauga,  and  Resaca. 

J.  K.  KINKTON,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  Dallas, 
Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  wounded 
at  Jonesboro'. 

JOHN  KELLY,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Donelson  and  was 
wounded  there ;  served  afterward  with  the  First  Mississippi  Heavy 
Artillery. 

CHARLES  J.  KLEM,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Harts 
ville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rock) 
Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas,  and  was  disabled  at  the  latter 
place  by  the  loss  of  a  leg,  May  28,  1864. 

D.  P.  LANE,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Resaca,  Dallas,  and  in  the 
mounted  engagements. 

ARCH  MARRS,  Mason  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca,  Dallas,  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  en 
gagements. 

A.  G.  McANALLY,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  and  was 
wounded  there.  Having  been  sent  off  before  the  surrender,  he 
escaped  capture,  and  fought  with  another  command  at  Shiloh, 
Vicksburg,  and  Baton  Rouge.  He  rejoined  his  own  company 
after  it  had  been  exchanged,  and  fought  with  it  at  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas.  He  was  captured  at  the  latter  place,  and  died  of 
disease  in  prison  at  Camp  Douglas,  111. 

JOHN  MARRS,  Mason  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  and 
Stone  River.  He  was  captured  at  the  latter  place,  and  was  con 
fined  for  two  years  in  a  dungeon  on  Johnson's  Island,  under  sen 
tence  of  death,  but  was  released  about  the  close  of  the  war. 

JOHN  R.  MOTHERSHEAD,  Anderson  County,  fought  aDonelsor, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree, 
Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro'  and  in 
the  mounted  engagements. 

H.  C.  McMICHAEL,  Anderson  County,  died  of  disease  at  Bowling 
Green,  1861. 

JOHN  McGUIRE,  Anderson  County,  died  of  disease  at  Tunnel 
Hill,  Ga. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  613 

JAMES  McGUIRE,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  and  was 
disabled  by  the  loss  of  a  leg  in  that  battle. 

JOHN  MILLER,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga,  and  was  wounded  at  the 
latter  place;  fought  also  at  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  In- 
trenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in 
all  the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  killed  near  Camden,  S. 
C.,  in  April,  1865. 

J.  R.  MOTHERSHEAD,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Donelson, 
Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  Dallas,  Jonesboro',  and  mounted  engagements. 

S.  S.  MOORE,   Anderson  County,  died  of  disease  near  Atlanta,  Ga. 

WESLEY  MOORE,  Tennessee,  fought  with  this  company  during  the 
cavalry  operations  in  Georgia  and  South  Carolina. 

BEN  MICKEY,  Shelby  County,  fought  at  Hartsville  and  Stone  River. 

H.  T.  POINDEXTER,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  in  the  mounted  engagements,  and  was  wounded  at 
Donelson  and  Dallas.  He  was  one  of  the  sergeants  of  the  com 
pany. 

FOUNT  PEACH,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas,  and  was 
killed  at  the  latter  place. 

N.  H.  PENNY,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
and  Stone  River,  and  died  of  disease  during  the  summer  of  1863, 
at  Lauderdale  Springs,  Miss. 

JOHN  S.  PENNY,  Anderson  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Don 
elson. 

JAMES  PAXTON,  Franklin  County,  died  of  disease  at  Bowling 
Green,  Ky. 

F.  M.  ROBINSON,  Anderson  County,  was  first  sergeant  of  the  com 
pany  during  the  greater  part  of  the  service,  and  fought  at  Don 
elson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and 
Resaca.  He  was  severely  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  May  28, 
1864,  and  disabled  for  further  service,  on  which  account  he  was 
placed  on  the  list  of  retired  soldiers,  July  8,  1864.  Died  athome 
more  than  twenty  years  after  the  war. 

R.  R.  STEVENSON,  Anderson  County.     (See  biography.) 

"WILLIAM  STREET,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  and 
died  of  disease  at  Chattanooga,  Sept.  9,  1862. 

J(  >HN  W.  SMITH,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga.  He  was  wounded  at 
the  latter  place,  and  disabled  for  further  service  during  the  war. 
He  was  also  wounded  at  Stone  River. 


614  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

JOHN  L.  STREET,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Harts- 
ville,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas.  He  was  wounded 
at  Hartsville  and  killed  at  Dallas. 

WILLIAM  SMITH,  Spencer  County,  served  some  time  with  this 
company,  but  subsequently  attached  himself  to  a  command  of  cav 
alry. 

JOHN  D.  SALE,  Anderson  County,  served  some  time  with  this  com 
pany,  but  subsequently  attached  himself  to  a  cavalry  command, 
and  was  killed  at  Augusta,  Ky. 

J.  W.  SUTHERLAND,  Woodford  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicks- 
burg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga. 

G.  H.  TAYLOR,  Anderson  County,  was  one  of  the  sergeants  of  the 
company,  and  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and 
Utoy  Creeks ;  at  Jonesboro',  both  days,  and  in  the  mounted  en 
gagements.  He  was  wounded  at  Chickamauga  and  Dallas. 

B.  F.  TAYLOR,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 

and  Stone  River,  and  afterward  attached  himself  to  a  cavalry  reg 
iment. 

C.  R.   TOLLE,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Donelson,   Hartsville, 

Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas,  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both 
days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

SAMUEL  TINDALL,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Harts 
ville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga.  He  was  wounded 
at  the  latter  place,  and  long  disabled,  but  rejoined  the  command 
in  the  autumn  of  1864,  and  took  part  in  the  mounted  engage 
ments. 

THOMAS  TOOLE,  Anderson  County,  Ky.,  served  a  short  time  with 
this  company,  after  which  he  attached  himself  to  Morgan's  cav 
alry,  with  which  he  served  during  the  remainder  of  the  war. 

THOMAS  TINDALL,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Harts 
ville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Resaca,  Dallas,  Peach- 
tree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  Jonesboro',  and  in  the 
mounted  engagements.  He  was  wounded  at  Chickamauga. 

PERRY  TURPIN,  Barren  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Donelson, 
February,  1862. 

HENRY  TURNEY,  Bourbon  County,  took  part  in  all  the  mounted 
engagements. 

J.  H.  WILLIAMS,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  and,  after 
having  been  captured,  escaped,  and  entered  Co.  G,  Sixth  Regi 
ment,  with  which  he  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and  Baton 
Rouge.  He  was  permanently  disabled  at  the  latter  place  by  the 
loss  of  a  leg. 

MORTON  WATTS,  Anderson  County,  died  of  disease  at  Atlanta,. 
Ga. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  615 

GEORGE  W.  WILLIAMS,  Anderson  County,  was  sick  when  the 
regiment  marched  to  Donelson,  and,  after  having  recovered,  at 
tached  himself  to  another  command,  with  which  he  fought  at 
Shiloh,  and  was  killed  there. 

ROBERT  WOOLDRIDGE,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Donelson, 
and  was  wounded  there.  Having  been  sent  off  before  the  surren 
der,  he  escaped  capture,  and  attached  himself  to  another  com 
mand,  with  which  he  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and  Baton 
Rouge.  He  rejoined  his  own  company  in  the  autumn  of  1862, 
and  fought  with  it  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chicka- 
mauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas; 
from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy 
Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  all  the  mounted  engage 
ments. 

'  COMPANY  K,  SECOND  REGIMENT. 

JOHN  W.  OWINGS,  was  elected  captain,  July  13,  1861,  and  died  of 
disease  at  Bowling  Green,  October,  1861. 

CHARLES  SEMPLE,  Louisville.     (See  biography.) 

ERSKINE  JOYES,  Louisville,  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  July 
13,  1 86 1,  and  elected  captain,  Nov.  27,  1861.  He  fought  at 
Donelson,  and  was  captured  there ;  rejoined  his  company  after  an 
exchange  was  effected,  and  fought  afterward  at  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  and  at  Peachtree 
and  Intrenchment  Creeks.  He  was  killed  in  battle  at  the  latter 
place,  July  22,  1864. 

WILLIAM  M.  CARSON,  Louisville,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
July  13,  1861,  and  was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant,  Dec.  9,  1862. 
He  fought  at  Donelson;  was  captured  there,  and  carrried  to  John 
son's  Island,  but  escaped  during  the  summer  into  Canada,  and 
from  there  made  his  way,  in  disguise,  back  to  his  company,  re 
joining  it  at  Jackson,  shortly  after  the  exchange.  He  afterward 
fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  and  Jackson.  During  the  artil 
lery  duel  near  Glass's  mill,  Sept.  19,  1863,  he  was  struck  in  the 
head  by  a  rifle  ball,  that  inflicted  a  mortal  wound,  and  he  died 
next  day  at  a  house  on  the  Chattanooga  and  Lafayette  road. 

EDWARD  B.  HARDING,  Louisville,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
Sept.  19,  1862;  promoted  to  first  lieutenant,  Oct.  5,  1863.  Fought 
at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from 
Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree  Creek,  at  Utoy  Creek ;  at  Jones 
boro',  both  days,  and  in  all  the  mounted  engagements.  After  the 
war  he  was  nearly  twenty  years  connected  with  the  Louisville 
police;  was  at  the  time  of  his  death  second  lieutenant  of  one 
platoon;  was  murdered  while  in  discharge  of  his  duty,  Dec.  6, 
1885,  by  a  desperado,  who  was  at  once  shot  to  death  by  Officer 
Len  Ferguson,  ex-member  of  Byrne's  Battery,  whom  he  had  also 
attacked. 


616  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

JOHN  D.  LA  FLETCHER  THOMPSON,  Louisville,  was  appointed 
first  sergeant  in  the  autumn  of  1862;  was  appointed  second  lieu 
tenant,  Jan.  n,  1863.  Fought  at  Donelson,  but  escaped  capture, 
and  reported  for  duty  at  Burnsville,  where  he  was  assigned  to 
commissary  department,  and  was  generally  engaged  in  that  line 
during  the  war. 

ROBERT  M.  BOWMAN,  Fredericksburg,  Va.,  was  appointed  fourth 
sergeant,  1861.  Fought  at  Donelson,  where  he  was  wounded  and 
captured.  He  was  imprisoned  at  St.  Louis,  but  escaped  and  re 
joined  the  company  at  Jackson,  shortly  after  which  he  was  trans 
ferred  so  Co.  A,  Thirtieth  Virginia  Infantry,  Aug.  5,  1863. 

JAMES  H.  BIRCH,  Baltimore,  Md.,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas  ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peach- 
tree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks ;  on  Sand  Town  road  •  at  Jones- 
boro'  both  days,  and  in  the  cavalry  engagements. 

D.  M.  BAGBY,  Madison  County,  fought  and  was  captured  at  Don 
elson  ;  attempted  to  escape  from  Camp  Morton,  but  was  pursued 
and  shot  in  the  leg,  when  he  again  fell  into  Federal  hands,  and 
was  recommitted  to  prison.  Was  left  there  when  the  regiment 
was  exchanged,  but  finally  recovered  and  was  released.  Has 
long  been  a  successful  practicing  physician  in  Boone  county. 

ED  BARNES,  Mt.  Washington,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and 
Utoy  Creeks ;  at  Jonesboro'  both  days,  and  in  all  the  mounted  en 
gagements. 

BALL,  Madison  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  where  ne  was 

wounded,  and  was  no  more  heard  of. 

GEO.  N.  CHAPPELL,  Louisville,  was  on  detached  service  through 
out  the  war  in  staff,  medical,  and  commissary  departments. 

JOHN  L.  CASPAR,  Salisbury,  N.  C.,  a  soldier  of  the  United  States 
Regular  Army,  before  the  late  war,  but  was  generally  engaged  in 
detail  service  for  the  Second  Regiment  while  a  member  of  this 
company. 

ED  CLAYLAND,  Louisville,  fought  at  Donelson,  but  escaped  cap 
ture,  and  attached  himself  to  the  Ninth  Regiment,  with  which  he 
fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg  and  Baton  Rouge.  He  rejoined  his 
company  after  the  exchange,  and  fought  at  Hartsville.  Was  left 
sick  at  Murfreesboro',  Jan.  2,  1863;  was  captured  there,  and  died 
of  disease  some  time  afterward,  at  Camp  Morton,  Indiana. 

WALKER  CAMDEN,  Louisville,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas.  Was  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  after 
which  he  was  employed  as  teamster  till  the  close. 

JOSEPH  CANNADY,  fought  at  Donelson,  and  was  wounded  there, 
but  escaped  capture.  Served  with  Mississippi  cavalry  until  after 
the  exchange,  when  he  rejoined  his  company,  and  was  afterward 
employed  in  detail  service. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  617 

J.  F.  COLLINS,  Madison  County,  fought  at  Donelson;  was  captured 
and  confined  at  Camp  Morton,  but  escaped  from  the  inclosure  in 
company  with  D.  M.  Bagby  and  fifty  others,  and  had  gotten  more 
than  a  mile  from  the  prison  grounds  when  he  was  overtaken.  He 
surrendered  without  resistance  when  he  found  the  Federals  were 
upon  him,  but  one  of  them  instantly  shot  him  dead. 

J.   H.   DILLER,  Louisville,  fought  at  Donelson. 

J.  W.  DODGE,  Louisville,  fought  at  Donelson,  but  escaped  capture, 
and  reported  to  Gen.  Morgan,  with  whose  command  he  afterward 
served.  Was  severely  wounded  near  McMinnville,  in  the  spring 
of  1863. 

HENRY  DEHANE,  Missouri,  fought  with  his  company  at  Donelson, 
Hartsville,  and  Stone  River.  Was  transferred  to  First  Missouri 
Infantry,  March  n,  1863. 

L.  P.  EISERT,  Louisville,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas. 

EDWARDS,  Madison  County,  transferred  to  cavalry,  Septem 
ber,  1861. 

WILLIAM  O.  FLYNN,  Louisville,  fought  at  Donelson,  but  escaped 
capture,  and  served  with  the  First  Mississippi  Cavalry  till  the  sum 
mer  of  1863,  when  he  rejoined  his  company  and  fought  at  Rocky 
Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas.  He  was  wounded  at  Dallas, 
but  after  he  recovered,  rejoined  his  command,  and  took  part  in 
all  the  mounted  engagements. 

JAMES  FAGAN,  Indiana,  an  old  man,  but  brave  and  adventurous. 
Fought  at  Donelson;  and  while  imprisoned  at  Camp  Morton,  he 
was  constantly  trying  to  effect  his  escape.  At  one  time  he  eluded 
the  vigilance  of  the  guard  and  got  some  distance  into  the  coun 
try,  but  was  recaptured  by  some  old  farmers,  with  squirrel  rifles, 
and  brought  back  in  a  wagon.  After  the  exchange,  in  the  autumn 
of  1862,  being  in  feeble  health,  he  was  sent  to  hospital,  and,  in 
1863,  died. 

GEORGE  FELKER,  Louisville,  received  a  wound  in  battle  at  Don 
elson,  of  which  he  afterward  died. 

PAT  FITZGERALD,  Ireland.  This  was  Co.  K's  astronomical  char 
acter.  He  fought  at  Donelson,  and  was  wounded  there ;  at 
Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta; 
at  Peachtree  Creek,  at  Intrcnchment  Creek ;  on  Sand  Town  road ; 
at  Jonesboro',  both  days,  and  in  all  the  mounted  engagements.  After 
Gen.  Johnston's  surrender  was  announced,  he  refused  to  report 
for  parole,  and  started  at  once  for  Texas. 

T.  B.  GATEWOOD,  Bedford,  fought  at  Donelson.  Escaped  from 
Camp  Morton,  but  was  recaptured  and  committed  again  to 
prison. 

JAMES  GAGE,  Ireland,  fought  at  Donelson,  where  he  was  wounded. 
No  other  facts  are  known  to  the  writer. 


618  HISTORY  OF-  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

JNO.  B.  GLOVER,  Virginia,  was  appointed  third  corporal,  July  13, 
1 86 1.  Fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dal 
las;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree  Creek;  at  Intrench- 
ment  Creek,  Utoy  Creek,  and  at  Jonesboro'.  He  was  wounded 
in  the  foot  at  Jonesboro',  but  took  part  in  the  mounted  engage 
ments. 

JAMES  R.  HALLAM,  Covington,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peach- 
tree  Creek,  at  Intrenchment  Creek,  at  Utoy  Creek,  at  Jonesboro', 
and  in  some  of  the  mounted  engagements  in  Georgia. 

LEWIS  B.  HICKS,  Louisville,  fought  at  Donelson.  After  the  ex 
change,  he  was  stricken  with  paralysis  in  the  left  arm,  and  dis 
abled  for  field  duty,  but  went  down  on  the  Gulf  and  engaged  in 
some  detail  service  during  the  remainder  of  the  war. 

GEO.  HELDER,  Louisville,  fought  at  Donelson,  Shiloh,  Baton 
Rouge,  Vicksburg,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chicka 
mauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas; 
from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree  Creek,  at  Intrenchment 
Creek,  at  Utoy  Creek,  at  Jonesboro',  both  days,  and  in  the 
mounted  engagements.  He  was  wounded  in  the  left  hip,  by  a 
shell,  at  Chickamauga,  and  was  also  wounded  in  another  engage 
ment,  not  now  remembered. 

J.  B.  JONES,  Baltimore,  Md.,  fought  at  Donelson.  No  other  facts 
are  known  to  the  writer. 

J.  B.  JOHNSON,  Hardin  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  and  was 
wounded  there,  but  escaped  capture.  Rejoined  the  company 
after  the  exchange,  and  fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  and 
Jackson. 

B.  FRANK  JACKSON,  Louisville,  fought  at  Donelson,  but  was  not 
captured,  reported  to  Gen.  Morgan,  with  whose  command  he 
fought  while  the  Second  Regiment  was  in  prison ;  was  captured 
in  the  summer  of  1862,  and  confined  in  the  Nashville  peniten 
tiary,  but  escaped  and  rejoined  his  company  at  Murfreesboro'. 
Fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga; 
was  wounded  at  Chickamauga.  Fought  at  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at 
Peachtree  Creek,  at  Intrenchment  Creek,  at  Utoy  Creek,  at  Jones 
boro',  both  days,  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  He  was 
also  wounded  at  Stone  River. 

R.  W.  LAWS,  Louisville,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
and  Resaca.  He  was  captured  at  Resaca,  and  was  detained  in 
prison  till  close  of  the  war. 

FRANK  S.  LAWS,  Louisville,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  was  mortally  wounded  at  Dallas,  and  died  at 
Marietta,  June,  1864. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  619 

J.  T.  LAWS,  Louisville,  was  appointed  a  corporal,  1864,  and  was 
afterward  promoted  to  sergeant.  Fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  was  wounded  at  Dallas,  but  re 
covered  sufficiently  to  rejoin  the  company  near  Atlanta,  and 
fought  at  Peachtree  Creek,  Intrenchment  Creek,  Utoy  Creek,  at 
Jonesboro',  both  days,  and  in  the  cavalry  engagements. 

M.  A.  MANSFIELD,  Louisville,  fought  at  Donelson. 

MICHAEL  MORRIS,  Louisville,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Mission  Ridge.  Was 
transferred  to  the  navy  at  Dalton,  February,  1864.  He  was 
wounded  at  Chickamauga. 

WILLIAM  MARSHALL,  Louisville,  fought  at  Donelson. 

JNO.  P.  MIX,  Mount  Washington,  fought  at  Donelson,  was  captured 
there,  and  died  in  prison  at  Camp  Morton,  1862. 

DAVID  MORDAN,  Louisville,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
and  Stone  River. 

THO.  McGRATH,  Louisville,  fought  at  Donelson. 

J.  W.  MONTFORT,  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  was  appointed  second  ser 
geant,  1 86 1.  Fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  and  Chickamauga;  was  severely  wounded  at  the  latter 
place ;  captured,  and  detained  as  prisoner  at  Camp  Morton  till 
close  of  the  war. 

JOHN  MOREHEAD,  Louisville,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  and 
Stone  River. 

FRANK  MULLEN,  Kentucky,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga.  He  was  captured  at  Chicka 
mauga,  but  afterward  served  in  Confederate  States  navy. 

JAMES  MONTGOMERY,  Louisville,  was  left  at  Bowling  Green, 
sick,  when  the  Second  Regiment  marched  to  Donelson.  He  was 
detailed,  Feb.  20,  1862,  as  teamster  for  some  other  command,  in 
which  capacity  he  served  till  just  before  the  battle  of  Chicka 
mauga. 

JAMES  METCALFE,  Kentucky,  fought  at  Donelson,  where  he  was 
wounded;  served  afterward  in  a  cavalry  command. 

J.  H.  McKENZIE,  Lexington,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  and 
Stone  River;  was  detailed,  April  22,  1863,  and  served  awhile 
with  the  sappers  and  miners ;  fought  at  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dal 
las  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree  Creek,  at  Intrenchment  Creek,  at 
Utoy  Creek,  at  Jonesboro',  both  days,  and  in  the  cavalry  engage 
ments. 

JAS.  A.  PEARCE,  Hart  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  but  was  not 
captured.  Fought  with  the  Fourth  Regiment  at  Shiloh,  Vicks- 
burg,  and  Baton  Rouge ;  rejoined  his  company  in  the  autumn, 
and  was  killed  in  battle  at  Hartsville. 


620  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

JOHN  W.  POFF,  Louisville,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas.  Was  badly  wounded  in  the  face  at  Dallas, 
but  rejoined  company  in  time  to  participate  in  mounted  engage 
ments. 

GARRETT  PENDERGRAST,  Louisville,  fought  at  Donelson. 

JOHN  PENDERGRAST,  Louisville,  was  wounded  in  battle  at  Don 
elson.  Is  supposed  to  have  died  in  prison  at  Alton. 

R.  REBERGER,  Louisville,  fought  at  Donelson. 

JAS.  A.  REEDER,  East  Tennessee,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  R.ocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree 
Creek,  at  Intrenchment  Creek,  at  Utoy  Creek ;  both  days  at  Jones- 
boro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

F.  A.  SCHEIDECKER,  France,  was  an  old  Crimean  soldier,  and 
was  suffering  in  consequence  of  a  wound  received  in  that  war, 
when  he  was  enlisted;  was  found  to  be  disabled  thereby  for  duty, 
and  was  discharged  at  Bowling  Green,  1861. 

THO.  J.  STEWART,  Louisville,  was  appointed  a  corporal,  July  13, 
1 86 1 ;  was  promoted  to  third  sergeant  in  the  autumn  of  1863. 
Fought  at  Donelson,  and  was  wounded  in  battle  at  Hartsville; 
fought  at  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  was  again  wounded  at 
Dallas,  and  died  in  consequence,  June,  1864. 

CHARLES  SHUPEY,  Louisville,  fought  at  Donelson;  escaped  from 
prison,  and  served  with  Morgan's  men;  was  killed  in  battle  near 
Richmond,  Ky. 

WM.  STANLEY,  Tennessee,  was  transferred  from  the  Army  of  Vir 
ginia  early  in  1864.  He  fought  afterward  at  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  In 
trenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted 
engagements. 

HENRY  SELF,  Louisville,  fought  at  Donelson. 

JAS.  W.  TARR,  Maryland,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Mission  Ridge.  Was  trans 
ferred  to  the  Maryland  line  while  the  army  lay  at  Dalton,  1864. 

FRANCIS  TAYLOR,  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  fought  at  Donelson,  and  was 
wounded  there ;  at  Hartsville,  and  was  again  wounded ;  at  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga;  at  which  latter  place  he  was 
killed  in  battle,  Sept.  20,  1863. 

B.  F.  TURNER,  Louisville,  was  detailed  for  service  in  the  quarter 
master's  department,  September,  1862  ;  and  in  the  summer  of 
1 863,  he  died  of  disease,  in  Mississippi. 

ADAM  WAYLAND,  Louisville,  fought  at  Donelson,  and  was 
wounded  there;  was  one  of  those  who  escaped  from  the  boat  at 
Memphis,  September,  1862.  Fought  afterward  at  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  621 

Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta,  and  at  Peach- 
tree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks.  He  had  been  first  sergeant  in 
December,  1862,  and  in  this  latter  battle  he  led  the  company  in 
the  charge,  the  only  commissioned  officer  not  disabled  being 
Capt.  Joyes,  and  he  was  acting  as  field  officer.  He  was  severely 
wounded  here,  in  the  right  side  of  the  face,  but  recovered  and 
took  part  in  the  mounted  engagements.  It  was  proposed  at  Tul- 
lahoma  to  have  him  appointed  to  a  vacant  lieutenantcy  in  the  com 
pany,  but  he  declined  to  accept  of  the  position,  declaring  that  the 
men  should  be  allowed  to  choose  their  own  officers,  and  continued 
to  discharge  the  duties  of  a  first  sergeant  to  the  close  of  the  war. 
Died  in  Louisville,  Nov.  24,  1893. 

W.  T.  W  ATKINS,  Jefferson  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
and  Stone  River ;  was  detailed  as  one  of  the  guards  for  McMinn- 
ville,  Mach  21,  1863,  and  was  captured  there;  fought  at  Jackson; 
was  on  the  field  at  Chickamauga,  with  the  Infirmary  Corps ; 
fought  at  Mission  Ridge,  at  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas; 
from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy 
Creeks;  was  on  infirmary  duty  at  Jonesboro',  and  again  wounded; 
and  was  in  all  the  mounted  engagements. 

LORENZ  WEIGART;  Louisville,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  and  Jackson. 

RICHARD  J.  WETHERTON,  Louisville,  fought  at  Donelson, 
Hartsville,  Stone  River,  and  Jackson. 

W.  P.  WILLIAMS,  Indiana,  fought  at  Donelson,  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga.  Was  captured  at  Chicka 
mauga,  and  detained  in  prison  until  the  close  of  the  war. 

WM.  WILLIAMS,  Louisville,  was  the  original  first  sergeant,  and  ac 
quired  the  sobriquet  of  "Old  Sarge."  Was  an  old  Mexican  sol 
dier  also.  He  was  with  Co.  K  at  Donelson.  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  and  Chickamauga. 

A.  J.  WILLIAMS,  Indiana,  fought  at  Donelson,  but  escaped  capture, 
and  fought  with  the  Fourth  Regiment  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and 
Baton  Rouge ;  lost  a  leg  at  Baton  Rouge,  and  was  afterward  en 
gaged  in  a  government  shoe  shop. 

C.  WHITE,  Madison  County,  died  of  disease  at  Bowling  Green,  Dec. 
29,  1861. 

WM.  M.  YANDELL,  Louisville,  was  assigned  to  duty  in  the  medical 
department,  July,  1861  ;  while  the  Central  Army  of  Kentucky 
was  at  Bowling  Green,  he  was  sent  to  Nashville,  sick;  was  sent 
from  there,  December,  1861,  on  sick  leave,  to  West  Tennessee, 
but  was  soon  afterward  discharged  because  of  disability  by  dis 
ease.  In  April,  1862,  he  enlisted  in  the  Seventh  Tennessee 
Cavalry,  then  commanded  by  Col.  (afterward  Maj.-Gen.)  Wm.  H. 
Jackson.  Was  subsequently  again  discharged  because  of  disa 
bility  by  disease ;  afterward  enlisted  for  service  in  the  medical  de 
partment,  and  was  assigned  to  duty  in  the  Lee  Hospital,  Lauderdale 
Springs,  Miss.  When  the  war  closed  he  was  on  a  sixty-day  sick 
furlough,  which  had  not  expired. 


•622  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 


FOURTH  REGIMENT. 


FIELD    AND    STAFF. 


ROBERT  P.  TRABUE,  Columbia.     (See  biography.) 

ANDREW  R.  HYNES,  Nelson  County,  was  appointed  lieutenant- 
colonel,  Sept.  23,  1 86 1 ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was  wounded  there, 
April  7,  1862;  resigned  Dec.  18,  1862. 

THOMAS  B.  MONROE,  JR.,  Frankfort.     (See  biography.) 

ED  S.  WORTHINGTON,  Louisville,  was  appointed  captain  and  A. 
Q.  M.,  September,  1861;  was  shortly  afterward  disabled  by  an 
accident  for  active  field  duty;  after  his  recovery  he  did  various 
post  service  until  Dec.  20,  1862,  when  he  was  assigned  to 
duty  as  a  member  of  Gen.  Folk's  military  court,  and  continued  to 
serve  with  the  Army  of  Tennessee,  having  attained  the  rank  of 
colonel. 

<J.  P.  THEOBALD,  Owen  County,  was  appointed  captain  and  A.  Q. 
M. ,  Oct.  19,  1 86 1 ;  served  with  the  Fourth  Regiment  until  some 
time  in  February,  1862,  when  he  was  assigned  to  other  duty,  and 
for  most  of  the  remaining  time  till  the  close  of  the  war  was  post 
quartermaster  at  Enterprise,  Miss. 

GEO.  T.  SHAW,  Louisville,  was  appointed  captain  and  A.  C.  S., 
Oct.  4,  1 86 1  ;  afterward  served  as  commissary  of  division,  with 
rank  of  major. 

B.  T:  MARSHALL,  Greensburg,  was  appointed  surgeon,  Sept.  3, 
1861  5  resigned  May  23,  1862;  afterward  served  as  surgeon  of  the 
Kentucky  cavalry,  under  Gen.  Williams. 

S.  P.  BRECKINRIDGE,  Louisville,  was  appointed  assistant  surgeon, 
April,  1862;  served  some  time  with  the  Fourth  Regiment,  and 
was  afterward  assigned  to  duty  in  hospitals ;  died  at  Chattanooga 
about  thirty  years  after  the  war. 

PRESTON  B.  SCOTT,  Franklin  County.      (See  biography.) 

ALFRED  SMITH,  Bardstown,  was  appointed  assistant  surgeon, 
1 86 1,  and  assigned  to  duty  with  the  Ninth  Regiment,  with  which 
he  remained  till  March  30,  1864,  when  he  was  promoted  to  sur 
geon,  and  served  thereafter,  till  the  close  of  the  war,  with  the 
Fourth  Regiment.  Died  at  home  some  years  after  the  war. 

THADDEUS  L.  DODGE,  Hickman  County,  was  appointed  assistant 
surgeon,  Nov.  22,  1862,  and  served  with  the  Fourth  Regiment 
during  the  remainder  of  the  war. 

JOSEPH  W.  ECKFORD,  Mississippi,  was  appointed  assistant  sur 
geon,  June  28,  1861 ;  and  was  generally  on  duty  with  other  com 
mands,  but  served  with  the  Fourth  Kentucky  Regiment  during 
the  winter  of  1863-64. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  623 

REV.  E.  P.  WALTON,  Kentucky,  was  appointed  chaplain,  1861, 
and  assigned  to  the  Fourth  Regiment,  but  was  relieved  April  15, 
1862,  and  ordered  to  report  to  Gen.  Stonewall  Jackson  for  duty 
in  the  Fifth  Virginia  Infantry. 

FATHER  BLEMILL,  Kentucky,  date  of  his  appointment  as  chaplain 
not  known  to  the  writer.  (See  Incidents  and  Anecdotes  after  last 
chapter  of  Dalton- Atlanta  campaign.) 


COMPANY  A,   FOURTH  REGIMENT. 

JOSEPH  P.  NUCKOLS,  Glasgow.      (See  biography.) 
JOHN  BIRD  ROGERS,  Barren  County.     (See  biography.) 

JOSEPH  C.  BETHEL,  Barren  County,  was  elected  second  lieuten 
ant,  Aug.  i,  1861 ;  fought  at  Shiloh;  was  promoted  to  first  lieu 
tenant,  April  7,  1762;  fought  at  Vicksburg  and  Chickamauga, 
having  been  prevented  by  ill  health  from  taking  part  at  Stone 
River  and  Jackson;  was  wounded  at  Chickamauga;  fought  at 
Mission  Ridge,  at  Rocky  Face  Gap,  at  Resaca,  at  Dallas;  was 
promoted  to  captain,  May  28,  1864;  engaged  in  the  skirmishes 
between  Dallas  and  Atlanta;  fought  at  Peachtree  Creek,  July  2oth; 
at  Intrenchment  Creek,  July  22d;  at  Jonesboro',  both  days,  and 
in  the  engagements  in  Georgia  and  South  Carolina,  with  the 
mounted  infantry. 

NAT  D.  CLAYTON,  Barren  County,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
Aug.  i,  1 86 1  ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  at  Vicksburg,  at  Baton  Rouge, 
and  at  Stone  River,  where  he  was  mortally  wounded,  fell  into  the 
hands  of  the  enemy,  and  died  at  the  home  of  one  Mr.  Nat  Miller, 
on  the  Nashville  and  Murfreesboro'  turnpike,  January,  1863. 

HEZEKIAH  F.  NUCKOLS,  Glasgow,  was  appointed  first  sergeant, 
Nov.  i,  1 86 1  ;  fought  at  Shiloh;  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
Oct.  6,  1862  ;  fought  at  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga, 
at  Mission  Ridge,  at  Rocky  Face  Gap,  at  Resaca,  at  Dallas.  He 
was  captured  at  Kenesaw  Mountain,  June  20,  1864,  but  escaped 
by  jumping  off  the  cars  between  Franklin  and  Bowling  Green, 
and  returned  to  the  company.  He  participated  in  the  engage 
ments  of  the  mounted  service  in  South  Carolina  and  Georgia.  He 
was  but  once  wounded — Shiloh,  April  7,  1862. 

JOHN  W.  SMITH,  Glasgow,  was  appointed  second  sergeant,  Aug. 
i,  1 86 1 ;  was  killed  at  Shiloh,  April  7,  1862. 

R.  P.  LANDRUM,  Barren  County,  was  appointed  third  sergeant, 
Aug.  i,  1861;  fought  at  Shiloh,  at  Jackson,  at  Chickamauga,  at 
Mission  Ridge,  at  Rocky  Face  Gap,  at  Resaca,  at  Dallas ;  at  the 
latter  place  he  was  severely  wounded,  but  recovered  in  time  to 
take  part  in  the  engagements  of  the  mounted  service. 

GEORGE  BYBEE,  Barren  County,  was  appointed  fourth  sergeant, 
Aug.  i,  1861 ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  at  Stone  River,  at  Jackson,  at 
Chickamauga,  at  Mission  Ridge,  at  Rocky  Face  Gap,  at  Resaca, 
at  Dallas,  in  skirmish  engagements  between  New  Hope  and  At- 


624  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

lanta;  fought  at  Peachtree  Creek,  at  Intrenchment  Creek,  at 
Utoy  Creek,  and  at  Jonesboro',  where  he  was  captured,  Aug.  31, 
1864. 

WILLIAM  L.  WILKINSON,  Barren  County,  was  appointed  fifth 
sergeant,  Nov.  i,  1861;  fought  at  Shiloh,  where  he  was  severely 
wounded;  at  Stone  River,  at  Chickamauga,  at  Mission  Ridge,  at 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  at  Resaca,  at  Dallas,  at  different  points  between 
Dallas  and  Atlanta,  at  Peachtree  Creek,  at  Intrenchment  Creek, 
at  Utoy  Creek,  at  Jonesboro',  both  days,  and  all  the  engagements 
of  the  mounted  infantry  in  Georgia  and  South  Carolina ;  died  in 
Barren  County,  Oct.  19,  1895. 

WM.  M.  NEAL,  Barren  County,  was  appointed  first  corporal,  Aug.  i, 
1861 ;  right  general  guide  of  regiment,  Oct.  18,  1862;  was  elected 
second  lieutenant,  Nov.  i,  1863;  fought  at  Shiloh,  where  he  was 
severely  wounded,  April,  6,  1862;  at  Baton  Rouge,  at  Chicka 
mauga,  at  Mission  Ridge,  at  Rocky  Face  Gap,  at  Resaca,  at 
Dallas,  at  different  points  between  Dallas  and  Atlanta,  at  Peach- 
tree  Creek,  at  Intrenchment  Creek,  at  Utoy  Creek,  and  at  Jones 
boro',  where  he  was  mortally  wounded,  Aug.  31,  1864,  and  died 
in  the  hands  of  the  enemy. 

EPHRAIM  R.  SMITH,  Barren  County,  was  appointed  second  cor 
poral,  Aug.  i,  1861 ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  where  he  was  severely 
wounded  and  captured,  April  yth ;  fought  at  Stone  River,  at 
Chickamauga,  at  Mission  Ridge,  at  Rocky  Face  Gap,  at  Resaca, 
at  Dallas,  at  different  points  between  Dallas  and  Atlanta,  at 
Peachtree  Creek,  at  Intrenchment  Creek,  at  Utoy  Creek,  and  at 
Jonesboro',  where  he  was  killed  while  cheering  on  his  comrades, 
Sept.  i,  1864.  He  was  awarded  badge  of  honor  for  distinguished 
gallantry. 

RICHARD  LOCKE,  Barren  County,  was  appointed  third  corporal, 
Aug.  i,  1 86 1 ;  was  killed  at  Shiloh,  April  7,  1862. 

THOMAS  W.  DAVIE,  Barren  County,  was  appointed  fourth  cor 
poral  Aug.  i,  1 86 1 ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  at  Baton  Rouge,  at  Stone 
River,  at  Jackson,  at  Chickamauga,  at  Mission  Ridge,  at  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  at  Resaca,  at  Dallas,  between  Dallas  and  Atlanta,  at 
Peachtree  Creek,  at  Intrenchment  Creek,  at  Utoy  Creek,  at 
Jonesboro',  both  days,  and  in  all  the  engagements  of  the  mounted 
infantry. 

H.  P.  HODGE,  Barren  County,  musician;  died  of  disease,  1862. 

B.  W.  REYNOLDS,  Glasgow,  musician;  subsequently  connected 
himself  with  the  cavalry. 

LEWIS  McQUOWN,  Glasgow,  was  but  a  boy  when  enlisted,  but 
served  throughout  the  war. 

THOMAS  MUSGROVE,  Glasgow,  musician;  died  of  disease  at 
Nashville,  1861. 

CLINTON  BYBEE,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  at  Stone  River, 
and  at  Jackson. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  625 

JOHN  S.  BARLOW,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  where  he  was 
wounded  ;  was  on  detail  service  during  the  spring  and  summer  of 
1862  ;  fought  at  Stone  River,  at  Jackson,  at  Chickamauga,  at 
Rocky  Face,  at  Resaca,  at  Dallas,  at  points  between  Dallas  and 
Atlanta,  at  Peachtree  Creek,  and  at  Intrenchment  Creek,  at 
which  point  he  was  captured,  July  22,  1864,  and  did  not  return 
in  time  to  participate  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

THOMAS  J.  BURKE,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Stone  River,  at 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  at  Resaca,  at  Dallas,  at  different  points  between 
Dallas  and  Atlanta,  at  Peachtree  Creek,  at  Intrenchment  Creek, 
at  Utoy  Creek,  and  at  Jonesboro',  both  days.  During  the  service 
as  mounted  infantry  he  acted  as  ordnance  sergeant. 

GEORGE  T.    BYBEE,  Glasgow,   fought   at  Shiloh,  where  he  was 

killed,  April  7,  1862. 
CHARLES  BE  ALE,    Bowling    Green,   fought  at    Shiloh,   and   was 

killed,  April  7,  1862. 

JOHNW.  BATES,  Glasgow,  fought  at  Shiloh,  was  mortally  wounded.,. 
April  6,  and  died  April  15,  1862. 

G.  CLEMENTS,  Switzerland,  fought  at  Stone  River;  was  discharged, 
August,  1863,  on  account  of  disability  by  disease. 

RICHARD  COOPER,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh;  died  of 
disease  at  Greensboro',  La.,  August  10,  1862. 

WILLIAM  CARTER,  Barren  County,  died  of  disease  at  Oakland 
Station,  1861. 

JAMES  A.  CARTER,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  where  he 
was  wounded,  April  6,  and  captured  at  hospital  next  day;  at 
Rocky  Face,  at  Resaca,  at  Dallas,  between  Dallas  and  Atlanta, 
at  Peachtree  Creek,  at  Intrenchment  Creek,  at  Utoy  Creek,  at 
Jonesboro',  both  days,  and  in  all  the  engagements  of  the  mounted 
service. 

JAMES  CHAMBERS,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh ;  was  killed 
in  battle  at  Stone  River,  Jan.  2,  1863. 

WILLIAM  J.  CALAHAN,  Barren  County,  was  appointed  first  ser 
geant,  Oct.  9,  1862  ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  where  he  was  severely 
wounded,  at  Stone  River,  at  Jackson,  at  Chickamauga,  at  Mis 
sion  Ridge,  at  Rocky  Face  Gap,  at  Resaca,  at  Dallas,  at  different 
points  between  Dallas  and  Atlanta,  at  Peachtree  Creek,  at  In 
trenchment  Creek,  at  Utoy  Creek,  at  Jonesboro',  both  days,  and 
in  the  engagements  during  the  mounted  service.  Died  at  home 
many  years  after  the  war. 

WM.  R.  DOUGHERTY,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  Dallas,  and  Utoy  Creek ;  was 
then  assigned  to  duty  in  the  quartermaster  and  ordnance  depart 
ments,  and  so  continued  to  the  close.  He  is  now  a  successful  and 
honored  citizen  of  Coldwater,  Miss. 

A.  G.  DAVIDSON,  Glasgow,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Stone  River,  and 
Jackson;  was  afterward  engaged  in  detail  service. 


626  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

PHILIP  DAVIS,  Logan  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh,  April 
7,  1862. 

JAMES  DAVIDSON,  Barren  County,  fought  and  was  wounded 
at  Shiloh;  died  of  disease  at  Columbus,  Miss.,  May  20,  1862. 

H.  E.  ELLIOTT,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Jackson; 
died  of  disease  in  Alabama,  May  3,  1864. 

JAMES  R.  FISHER,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Resaca  and  in  the 
mounted  engagements. 

WM.  J.  FISHER,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Baton  Rouge,  and 
Jackson. 

THOMPSON  FISHER.  Barren  County,  died  of  disease  at  Summer- 
ville,  Ala.,  June  20,  1862. 

WM.  W.  FORBIS,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh;  served  in  the 
commissary  department  until  May,  1864;  fought  at  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas,  between  Dallas  and  Atlanta,  at  Peach- 
tree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks  ;  at  Jonesboro'  both  days, 
and  served  in  the  commissary  again  during  the  mounted  cam 
paign. 

CHARLES  FRANCIOLI,  Switzerland,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Stone 
River,  Jan.  2,  1863. 

WM.  H.  GILLOCK,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Baton  Rouge, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas,  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta,  at  Peachtree, 
Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  at  Jonesboro  both  days;  he 
was  wounded  at  Shiloh  ;  after  the  command  was  mounted  he  served 
mostly  with  dismounted  detachment. 

JAMES  M.  GILLOCK,  Barren  County;  was  killed  in  battle  at 
Shiloh,  April  7,  1862. 

WM.  GILLERLAN,  Barren  County,  teamster;  discharged  on  ac 
count  of  disease,  Sept.  15,  1862. 

WM.  F.  HARLOW,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  where  he  was 
captured,  April  7,  1862,  at  Stone  River,  Chickamauga,  and 
Mission  Ridge;  was  left  sick  at  Dalton,  when  the  army  withdrew, 
and  falling  into  Federal  hands  he  was  imprisoned  on  Rock  Island, 
and  died  there,  1864. 

VIRGIL  S.  HALL,  Barren  County,  was  appointed  second  sergeant, 
July  22,  1863,  fought  at  Shiloh,  where  he  was  wounded,  at  Baton 
Rouge,  at  Stone  River,  where  he  was  again  wounded,  at  Jackson, 
at  Chickamauga,  where  he  received  another  wound,  at  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  at  Resaca,  at  Dallas,  between  Dallas  and  Atlanta,  at  Peach- 
tree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  at  Jonesboro'  both  days; 
was  severely  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  Sept.  i,  1864,  and  dis 
abled  for  the  remainder  of  the  war. 

H.  J.  HUFFMAN,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Baton  Rouge,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga;  died  of  disease  in  Alabama, 
June  30,  1864. 


HISTORY  OF  THK  OKI'IIAX  BRIGADE.  627 

HENRY  C.  HALL,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was 
wounded;  was  killed  in  battle  at  Stone  River. 

REUBEN  HUFFMAN,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  was 
wounded  there  ;  was  killed  in  battle  at  Stone  River,  Jan  2,  1863. 

JAMES  HUMPHREY,  Barren  County,  was  a  teamster,  during  the 
earlier  years  of  the  war,  but  fought  during  the  mounted  service, 
1864-65. 

JOSHUA  HIGDON,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Jackson,  Chicka- 
mauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas; 
from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree Creek,  Intrenchment  Creek, 
Utoy  Creek,  and  at  Jonesboro',  both  days.  Was  wounded  at  the 
latter  place,  Sept.  i,  1864. 

LOGAN  HUGHES,  Barren  County,  discharged  in  1861,  because  of 
disability  by  disease. 

JOHN  P.  HARRIS,  Barren  County,  was  appointed  third  corporal  in 
April,  1862;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jack 
son,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas.  Was 
severely  wounded  at  Dallas  and  disabled  for  the  remainder  of  the 
war. 

GEORGE  T.  JOHNSON,  Glasgow,  fought  at  Shiloh,  where  he  was 
wounded  and  long  disabled  ;  at  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and 
Utoy  Creeks  ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro'.  and  in  the  mounted  en 
gagements.  He  was  wounded  also  at  Utoy  Creek,  Aug.  6,  1864. 

FRANK  JONES,  Glasgow,  discharged  at  Burnsville,  Miss.,  April, 
1862,  because  of  disability  by  disease. 

A.  J.  KENNEDY,  Glasgow,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  at  which  latter  place  he  was 
wounded ;  at  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas;  was  captured  during  the  attack  on  the  skirmishers  at  Ken- 
esaw  Mountain,  June  20,  1864,  and  did  not  return  in  time  to  take 
part  in  the  closing  engagements. 

VAN  BUREN  KENNEDY,  Glasgow,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Baton  Rouge, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga,  at  which  latter  place  he 
was  wounded;  at  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and 
Utoy  Creeks;  and  both  days  at  Jonesboro'.  After  the  command 
was  mounted  he  was  discharged,  being  yet  under  military  age. 

WILLIAM  KINCHLOE,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Stone  River, 
where  he  was  wounded,  at  Rocky  Face,  at  Resaca;  at  Dallas; 
from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree  Creek,  at  Intrenchment 
Creek,  at  Utoy  Creek,  at  Jonesboro',  both  days,  and  in  the  en 
gagements  during  the  mounted  campaigns. 

JOHN  KINCHLOE,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Baton  Rouge, 
Stone  River,  Chickamauga,  and  Mission  Ridge. 

JOHN  LAWRENCE,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Baton 
Rouge.  Was  killed  while  fighting  as  a  sharpshooter,  at  Jackson, 
July,  1863. 


628  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

TAYLOR  McCOY,  Barren  County,  was  appointed  first  corporal, 
Oct.  17,  1862;  fought  at  Shiloh,  at  Vicksburg,  at  Baton  Rouge, 
at  Stone  River,  at  Jackson,  at  Chickamauga,  and  at  Mission 
Ridge.  On  the  campaign  from  Dalton  he  was  one  of  the  corps 
of  sharpshooters  for  brigade,  and  was  engaged  almost  daily  until 
July  22,  when  he  was  wounded.  Was  with  the  dismounted  de 
tachment  during  the  cavalry  operations  in  Georgia  and  South 
Carolina. 

R.  M.  MATTHEWS,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  where  he 
was  wounded;  at  Stone  River,  at  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga. 
Was  with  dismounted  detachment  during  the  last  months  of  the 
war. 

JOHN  MADDOX,  Ohio  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  at  Stone  River,  at 
Chickamauga,  at  Rocky  Face,  at  Resaca,  at  Dallas;  from  Dallas 
to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree  Creek,  at  Intrenchment  Creek,  at  Utoy 
Creek,  at  Jonesboro',  both  days,  and  in  some  of  the  cavalry  en 
gagements.  He  was  wounded  at  Shiloh  on  the  first  day,  and 
again  wounded  at  Stone  River,  and  again  at  Chickamauga,  in 
the  second  day's  battle. 

SAMUEL  B.  McCULLOUGH,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree  Creek, 
Intrenchment  Creek,  Utoy  Creek,  and  Jonesboro',  both  days. 
Was  mostly  afterward,  till  surrender,  with  the  dismounted  men. 

JONAS  MEADOWS,  Barren  County,  died  of  disease  at  Decatur, 
Ala.,  March  21,  1862. 

SAMUEL  MANSFIELD,  Barren  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shi 
loh,  April  7,  1862. 

JAMES  F.  MYERS,  Glasgow,  fought  at  Shiloh,  where  he  was 
wounded,  April  6,  1862,  and  permanently  disabled. 

ALFRED  MARR,  Glasgow,  died  of  disease  at  Bowling  Green,  1861. 

WM.  J.  NABORS,  Glasgow,  fought  at  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chicka 
mauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face,  Resaca,  and  Dallas; 
from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree  Creek,  Intrenchment 
Creek,  Utoy  Creek,  at  Jonesboro',  both  days,  and  in  most  of  the 
mounted  infantry  engagements. 

JAMES  F.  NUCKOLS,  Glasgow,  fought  at  Shiloh,  where  he  was  dis 
abled  by  wound,  and  Sept.  15,  1862,  was  discharged. 

F.  W.  OWEN,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  where  he  was 
wounded  twice  on  the  same  day;  at  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chicka 
mauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from 
Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree  Creek,  and  at  Intrenchment 
Creek,  where  he  was  wounded  and  captured.  Returned  before 
the  close  of  the  war,  but  was  never  mounted. 

ALONZO  OWEN,  Barren  County,  died  of  disease  at  Nashville,  1 86 1. 

C.  C.  PACE,  Barren  County,  was  wounded  at  Shiloh,  and  died  in 
consequence,  June  i,  1862,  at  Castalian  Springs,  Miss. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  629 

C.  C.  PARKER,  Barren  County,  was  appointed  hospital  steward, 
1 86 1  ;  was  discharged  on  account  of  disease,  July,  1862. 

JOHN  PORTER,  Barren  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh,  April 
7,  1862. 

WM.  H.  PERRY,  Hart  County,  fought  at  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  in  the  skirmish 
engagements  between  Dallas  and  Kenesaw  Mountain,  at  which 
latter  place  he  was  wounded,  June  22,  1864  ;  and  fought  at  Jones- 
boro',  both  days.  When  the  brigade  was  mounted,  he  was  de 
tailed  to  make  saddles,  and  sent  to  Newnan,  where  he  remained 
until  the  surrender.  Was  killed  by  negroes,  in  Alabama,  1890. 

C.  Y.  QUICK,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  where  he  was 
wounded;  at  Stone  River,  and  was  again  wounded;  at  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face,  Resaca,  and  Dallas; 
was  wounded  at  Dallas ;  fought  in  most  of  the  mounted  engage 
ments,  in  one  of  which,  at  Singleton's  farm,  South  Carolina,  he 
was  again  wounded. 

WM.  L.  ROGERS,  Barren  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh, 
April  6,  1862. 

GEORGE  WALTER  ROGERS,  Barren  County,  was  appointed 
corporal,  April,  1862.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  at  Vicksburg,  at  Baton 
Rouge,  and  Stone  River.  Was  mortally  wounded  at  Stone  River, 
Jan.  2,  and  died  Jan.  5,  1863.  Was  awarded  medal  of  honor  for 
gallant  and  meritorious  conduct. 

SAMUEL  T.  SPENCER,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  where  he 
was  wounded  and  captured;  was  discharged  after  exchange,  June 
30,  1863,  on  account  of  his  wound,  but  reenlisted,  Sept.  15,  1864, 
and  served  during  the  remainder  of  the  war  with  a  detachment  of 
scouts.  Died  in  Arkansas  in  1890. 

E.  J.  SANDERS,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas.  Was  captured  at  Kenesaw  Mountain,  June  20,  1864. 

BAYARD  T.  SMITH,  Barren  County,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
Jan.  10,  1863.  Fought  at  Stone  River,  where  he  was  wounded  ; 
at  Jackson,  and  was  killed  in  battle  at  Chickamauga,  Sept.  20, 
1863. 

NAT  SMITH,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Stone  River. 

HENRY  STEFFI  E,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Baton 
Rouge  ;  was  killed  at  the  latter  place. 

GEORGE  T.  SHAW,  Louisville.      (See  Field  and  Staff.) 

C.  C.  TINSLEY,  Barren  County,  was  transferred  to  Cobb's  Battery, 
1862. 

ROBERT  A.  WILLIAMS,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Stone  River, 
where  he  was  wounded ;  at  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta, 
at  Peachtree  Creek,  Intrenchment  Creek,  Utoy  Creek,  at  Jones- 
boro',  both  days,  and  in  the  mounted  engagements  of  '64-'65. 


6:50  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

ED  WATT,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  at  Baton  Rouge,  at 
Stone  River,  where  he  was  wounded ;  and  at  Jackson.  Died  of 
disease  in  Georgia,  Dec.  i,  1863. 

JAMES  N.  WILKINSON,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Stone 
River,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas.  Was  severely  wounded  at  Dallas,  but  returned  in  time  to 
take  part  in  the  operations  at  Utoy  Creek,  where  he  was  mortally 
wounded,  Aug.  6,  and  died  Aug.  9,  1864. 

MILES  WILKINSON,  Barren  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh, 
April  6,  1862. 

GEO.  WAUGH,  Barren  County,  was  wounded  in  battle  at  Shiloh, 
April  7,  and  disabled.  Was  discharged  in  consequence,  Sept.  TO, 
1862. 

JNO.  W.  S.  YOUNG,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
Dallas,  and  in  most  of  the  mounted  engagements. 


COMPANY  B,   FOURTH  REGIMENT. 

It  will  be  seen  that  most  of  this  company  were  engaged  at  Donel- 
son,  which  is  accounted  for  by  the  fact,  that  in  December,  1861,  they 
were  detached  from  the  regiment  to  serve  in  the  field  battery  of  Capt. 
Graves.  Only  a  few  escaped  capture  at  that  place,  and  as  there  was 
no  exchange  until  the  following  September,  none  of  them  were  en 
gaged  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and  Baton  Rouge,  except  those  few. 
Some  of  them  escaped  from  prison,  and  attached  themselves  to  cav 
alry  commands,  with  which  they  afterward  served.  After  the  ex 
change,  the  compa'ny  remained  in  charge  of  Capt.  Graves,  until  the 
arrival  at  Murfreesboro',  when  it  was  returned  to  the  regiment,  and 
served  with  it  during  the  remainder  of  the  war.  At  Jackson,  these 
men  aided  in  serving  the  guns  of  a  battery;  and  at  Chickamauga, 
during  the  second  day's  engagement,  they  turned  a  captured  battery 
of  the  enemy  upon  them,  which  contributed  materially  to  Confederate 
success  on  that  part  of  the  line. 

JAMES  INGRAM,  Henderson,  was  elected  captain,  Sept.  9,  1861; 
fought  at  Donelson,  Feb.  12  to  15,  1862  ;  resigned  in  the  autumn 
of  1862. 

JAMES  WILSON,  Henderson,  was  elected  first  lieutenant,  Sept.  9, 
1861;  fought  at  Donelson ;  was  captured  there,  and  imprisoned 
at  Camp  Chase.  After  having  remained  there  three  weeks,  he 
escaped,  and  reported  to  Gen.  Breckinridge  at  Burnsville,  when 
he  was  immediately  assigned  to  duty  on  the  general's  staff,  as 
ordnance  officer  and  chief  of  artillery,  with  the  rank  of  captain; 
was  afterward  promoted  to  major,  and  served  with  Breckinridge 
as  A.  A.  General  of  Division;  fought  at  Farmington,  at  Vicks- 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  631 

burg,  at  Baton  Rouge,  at  Stone  River,  at  Jackson,  at  Chicka- 
mauga,  and  at  Mission  Ridge.  After  the  battle  of  Chickamauga, 
he  was  commended  for  gallantry,  and  promoted  to  the  rank  of  lieu 
tenant-colonel.  He  was  captured  at  Mission  Ridge,  Nov.  25, 

1863,  and  detained  in  prison  till  near  the  close  of  the  war.     Died 
at  Henderson,  Nov.  8,  1886. 

JNO.  S.  CHAPMAN,  Union  County,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
Sept.  9,  1861.  Fought  at  Donelson,  where  he  was  captured.  He 
was  carried  to  Camp  Chase  and  imprisoned  there,  but  made  his 
escape,  and  reported  to  Gen.  Breckinridge  at  Corinth,  who  as 
signed  him  to  duty  as  ordnance  office  of  Preston's  brigade,  in 
which  capacity  he  served  a  few  days,  and  then  resigned.  He 
went  to  Kentucky,  and  recruited  a  company  of  cavalry,  which 
was  attached  to  Johnson's  regiment  (Tenth  Cavalry),  and  of  which 
he  was  made  captain.  With  this  regiment  he  fought  at  Union- 
town,  Ky. ;  at  Milton,  Snow  Hill,  and  Liberty,  Tenn. ;  at  Cory- 
don,  Ind. ;  and  was  captured  at  Cheshire,  Ohio.  After  having 
been  imprisoned  in  the  Ohio  Penitentiary,  and  at  Fort  Delaware, 
until  the  spring  of  1865,  he  was  sent  to  Richmond,  and  paroled. 

W.  G.  OWEN,  Washington,  D.  C.,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
Sept.  9,  1 86 1.  Fought  at  Donelson,  and  resigned  in  1862.  Was 
subsequently  major  of  the  Tenth  Kentucky  Cavalry. 

THOMAS  H.  WINSTEAD,  Henderson,  was  elected  second  lieuten 
ant  of  Co.  K,  Sept.  9,  1 86 1,  and  fought  with  that  company  at 
Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and  Baton  Rouge.  In  December,  1862, 
Capt.  Ingram  having  resigned,  Lieut.  Winstead  was  assigned  to 
the  temporary  command  of  Co.  B.  The  men  had  known  him 
before,  however,  and  he  was  so  popular  with  them,  that  after  the 
battle  of  Stone  River,  in  which  he  commanded  them,  they  elected 
him  captain,  and  he  led  the  company  in  every  subsequent  engage 
ment  to  Dallas,  when  he  was  very  badly  wounded,  and  for  some 
months  disabled.  He  had  also  been  slightly  wounded  at  Resaca. 
After  having  recovered,  he  was  assigned  to  duty  in  the  autumn  of 

1 864,  with  Provost  Marshal  General  Gofer,  and  acted  in  that  ca 
pacity  during  the  remainder  of  the  war. 

EUGENE  L.  JOHNSON,  Henderson  County,  was  appointed  first 
sergeant,  Sept.  9th,  1861.  Fought  at  Donelson  and  Stone  River. 
He  was  killed  in  the  latter  battle,  the  second  of  his  command,  and 
was  buried  on  the  field.  His  qualities  as  a  man  and  a  soldier 
were  so  great  as  to  attract  unusual  attention,  and  to  entitle  him  to 
far  more  extended  notice  than  is  consistent  with  the  plan  of  this 
work. 

JAMES  E.  BEATTY,  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  was  made  chief  musician  of  the 
Fourth  Regiment,  1863.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  at  Vicksburg,  at 
Baton  Rouge,  at  Stone  River,  at  Jackson,  at  Rocky  Face  Ridge, 
at  Resaca,  at  Dallas,  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta,  at  Peachtree,  In- 
trenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  at  Jonesboro,  on  both  days,  and  in 
the  engagements  of  the  mounted  infantry. 

W.  H.  H.  JOHNSTON,  Louisville,  was  appointed  first  sergeant, 
1862.  Fought  at  Donelson  and  Stone  River;  was  elected  second 


632  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

lieutenant,  Jan.  10,  1863  ;  fought  at  Jackson,  at  Chickamauga, 
where  he  was  wounded  in  the  shoulder,  Sept.  20,  1863 ;  at  Mission 
Ridge,  at  Rocky  Face,  at  Resaca,  at  Dallas,  from  Dallas  to  At 
lanta,  at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks,  on  Sand  Town 
road,  at  Jonesboro',  both  days,  and  in  the  mounted  engagements 
of  1864-65. 

JOHN  BRUMMITT,  Henderson,  was  appointed  first  sergeant,  Jan. 
10,  1863;  fought  at  Donelson,  at  Stone  River,  at  Jackson,  at 
Chickamauga,  at  Mission  Ridge,  at  Rocky  Face,  at  Resaca,  at 
Dallas,  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta,  at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment 
Creeks,  on  Sand  Town  road,  and  at  Jonesboro'.  He  was  elected 
second  lieutenant,  February,  1864,  and  was  wounded  at  Jones 
boro'. 

JOHN  W.  RANKINS,  Henderson  County,  was  appointed  first  ser 
geant,  1864;  fought  at  Donelson,  at  Stone  River,  at  Jackson, 
at  Chickamauga,  at  Mission  Ridge,  at  Rocky  Face  Gap,  at  Resaca, 
at  Dallas,  at  Jonesboro'  both  days,  and  in  the  mounted  engage 
ments. 

JOHN  W.  CROCKETT,  Jr.,  Henderson,  was  appointed  first  ser 
geant,  1863;  fought  at  Donelson,  where  he  was  captured;  was 
one  of  the  leaders  in  the  attempt  to  overpower  the  guard  at  Camp 
Morton,  in  the  summer  of  1862,  in  which  he  escaped.  Fought  at 
Jackson,  at  Chickamauga,  at  Mission  Ridge,  at  Rocky  Face,  at 
Resaca,  at  Dallas,  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta,  at  Peachtree,  Intrench 
ment  and  Utoy  Creeks,  at  Jonesboro',  both  days,  and  in  the 
mounted  engagements.  He  was  wounded  at  Dallas  and  Kenesaw 
Mountain. 

WM.  HEDGES,  Louisville,  was  appointed  corporal,  1862;  was  ap 
pointed  first  sergeant,  1862;  fought  at  Donelson,  at  Stone  River, 
at  Jackson,  at  Chickamauga,  at  Mission  Ridge,  at  Rocky  Face, 
at  Resaca,  at  Dallas.  His  health  failing  in  the  campaign  of  1864, 
he  was  sent  to  the  hospital,  and  was  not  again  engaged. 

JOHN  PERRY,  Henderson  County,  was  appointed  second  sergeant, 
1862;  fought  at  Donelson,  at  Stone  River,  at  Jackson,  at  Chicka 
mauga,  at  Mission  Ridge,  at  Resaca,  at  Dallas,  from  Dallas  to 
Atlanta,  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment  and  Utoy  Creeks,  at  Jones 
boro',  both  days,  and  in  the  engagements  of  the  mounted  infantry. 

THO.  A.  HIGGS,  Daveiss  County,  was  appointed  third  sergeant, 
1862;  fought  at  Shiloh,  where  he  was  wounded;  at  Baton  Rouge, 
at  Stone  River,  at  Jackson,  at  Chickamauga,  at  Mission  Ridge,  at 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  at  Resaca.  He  was  sent  to  the  hospital 
sick,  in  May,  1864,  and  was  not  again  engaged. 

CHAS.  E.  WOODS,  Louisville,  was  appointed  third  sergeant,  1861; 
fought  at  Donelson,  but  escaped  capture,  and,  in  company  with 
some  others,  made  a  raid  into  Indiana,  for  the  purpose  of  arming 
and  mounting  themselves,  but  was  captured  and  turned  over  to 
the  civil  authorities.  Upon  the  demand  of  President  Davis,  how 
ever,  he  was  released,  and  joined  Morgan's  cavalry.  Was  se 
verely  wounded  in  battle  at  Cynthiana. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  633 

MARION  HANCOCK,  Henderson  County,  was  appointed  third  ser 
geant,  1864;  fought  at  Donelson,  at  Stone  River,  at  Jackson,  at 
Chickamauga,  at  Mission  Ridge,  at  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  at  Re- 
saca.  At  the  latter  place  he  was  wounded  and  sent  to  hospital, 
but  recovered  in  time  to  participate  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

C.  GOUGH,  Union  County,  was  appointed  third  sergeant,  1862; 
fought  at  Donelson,  at  Stone  River,  and  at  Jackson.  Subse 
quently  joined  the  Tenth  Kentucky  Cavalry. 

LEVI  RUDY,  Henderson  County,  was  appointed  corporal,  1861  ; 
fought  at  Donelson,  at  Stone  River,  where  he  was  wounded  in  an 
arm ;  at  Jackson,  at  Chickamauga,  at  Mission  Ridge,  at  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  at  Resaca,  at  Dallas,  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta,  at  Peach- 
tree  Creek,  at  Intrenchment  Creek,  at  Jonesboro',  both  days, 
and  in  the  engagements  of  the  mounted  infantry. 

GEO.  ALLEN,  detached  for  service  as  clerk  at  Gen.  Anderson's 
headquarters,  1861. 

THOS.  ALVEY,  Union  County,  was  killed  at  Donelson,  Feb.  15, 
1862. 

SAM'L  W.  BOARDMAN,  Henderson,  fought  at  Donelson  and  Stone 
River. 

GEO.  BERRY,  Union  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas,  and  was  captured  at  Kenesaw  Mountain,  after  which  he 
had  no  further  opportunities  for  field  service. 

BRINEY  COLLINS,  Ireland,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  died  of  disease 
at  Vicksburg,  1862. 

BEN  COLE,  Uniontown,  fought  at  Donelson  ;  was  captured  there, 
but  escaped  from  prison. 

JEROME  CLARKE,  Franklin,  fought  at  Donelson,  where  he  was 
captured,  but  shortly  afterward  escaped  from  Camp  Morton,  and 
returned  to  Kentucky,  where  he  engaged  in  guerrilla  warfare, 
and  became  notorious  under  the  sobriquet  of  "  Sue  Mundy." 
Was  captured,  tried  by  a  military  commission  at  Louisville,  and 
executed  there,  1865. 

PAT  CUNNINGHAM,  Ireland,  fought  at  Jackson,  at  Chickamauga, 
at  Mission  Ridge,  at  Rocky  Face,  at  Resaca,  at  Dallas;  from 
Dallas  to  Atlanta,  at  Peachtree  Creek,  at  Intrenchment  Creek, 
where  he  was  wounded;  at  Utoy  Creek,  at  Jonesboro',  both 
days,  and  in  the  engagements  of  the  mounted  infantry. 

JAS.  W.  CHISM,  Henderson,  fought  at  Donelson,  Stone  River,  at 
Resaca,  at  Dallas,  and  was  killed  in  a  skirmish  near  Kenesaw 
Mountain,  June,  1864. 

THO.  E.  CHARLTON,  Union  County,  fought  at  Donelson  and 
Stone  River. 

C.  C.  COOKE,  Webster  County,  fought  at  Jackson,  at  Chickamauga, 
and  at  Mission  Ridge.  He  was  killed  at  Jonesboro',  Sept.  i, 
1864. 


634  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

JAMES  CAMPBELL,  Ireland,  fought  at  Donelson ;  subsequently- 
served  as  hospital  attendant. 

HENRY  CROMWELL,  Union  County,  fought  at  Donelson;  was 
captured  there,  and  carried  to  Camp  Morton,  but  escaped,  June, 
1862,  and  joined  Tenth  Kentucky  Cavalry,  in  which  regiment  he 
was  afterward  a  lieutenant. 

THO.  DAVIS,  Union  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga,  at  Mission 
Ridge,  at  Rocky  Face,  at  Resaca,  at  Dallas,  where  he  was  wounded ; 
at  Peachtree  Creek,  at  Intrenchment  Creek,  and  Utoy  Creek, 
at  Jonesboro',  both  days,  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  (See 
Co.  C.) 

ROBERT  L.  DUDLEY,  Lynchburg,  Va.,  fought  at  Donelson,  at 
Stone  River,  and  at  Jackson.  Was  subsequently  detailed  as 
clerk  at  the  headquarters  of  Maj.-Gen.  Bate. 

WT.  T.  FORD,  Union  County,  fought  at  Donelson. 

LOUIS  FISCHINGER,  Union  County,  was  left  sick  at  Nashville, 
February,  1862,  and  was  captured  when  the  Federals  came  in, 
but  afterward  escaped  and  joined  Tenth  Kentucky  Cavalry. 

J.  G.  FOGARTY,  Ireland,  fought  at  Donelson,  but  was  afterward 
disabled  by  disease,  and  discharged. 

S.  W.  GARRETT,  Lexington,  fought  at  Donelson. 

JAS.  W.  GOBIN,  Henderson,  fought  at  Donelson,  Stone  River,  at 
Jackson,  at  Mission  Ridge,  at  Rocky  Face,  at  Resaca,  at  Dallas; 
from  Dallas  to  Pine  Mountain,  where  his  health  failed,  and  he 
was  sent  to  hospital,  and  was  not  again  actively  engaged. 

J.  E.  B.  GRANT,  New  York,  fought  at  Donelson.  Was  afterward 
absent  on  sick  leave,  and  no  more  actively  engaged. 

JAMES  GEIGER,  fought  at  Jackson,  at  Chickamauga,  and  at  Mis 
sion  Ridge.  At  Chickamauga  he  was  wounded  through  the  jaw. 

JNO.  HENNESY,  Union  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  at  Vicksburg,  at 
Baton  Rouge,  at  Stone  River,  where  he  was  wounded;  at  Jack 
son,  at  Chickamauga,  at  Mission  Ridge,  at  Rocky  Face,  at  Re 
saca,  at  Dallas,  and  was  killed  in  a  skirmish  at  Kenesaw  Mount 
ain,  June,  1864. 

ROBT.  A.  HASKINS,  Henderson  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  at 
Resaca,  at  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree  Creek, 
at  Intrenchment  Creek,  where  he  was  wounded,  and  was  not  en 
gaged  again  during  the  war. 

B.  F.  HANCOCK,  Henderson  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  at  Stone 
River,  at  Jackson,  at  Chickamauga,  at  Mission  Ridge,  at  Rocky 
Face,  at  Resaca,  at  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree 
Creek,  and  at  Intrenchment  Creek. 

W.  H.  HYATT,  Pennsylvania,  fought  at  Donelson,  at  Stone  River, 
at  Jackson,  at  Rocky  Face,  at  Resaca,  at  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to 
Atlanta;  at  Peachtree  Creek,  at  Intrenchment  Creek,  at  Utoy 
Creek,  at  Jonesboro',  both  days,  and  in  the  engagements  of  the 
mounted  infantry. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  635 

THO.  HANCOCK,  Union  County,  fought  at  Donelson. 

VIRGINIUS  HUTCHEN,  Henderson  (city),  was  at  first  a  member 
of  Co.  I,  Tenth  Tennessee,  "the  Bloody  Tenth"  (mostly  Irish 
soldiers),  with  which  he  served  six  months,  during  much  of  which 
time  he  assisted  in  building  Forts  Henry  and  Donelson.  He  was 
transferred  to  the  Fourth  Kentucky  early  in  1862  ;  was  appointed 
second  sergeant;  and  fought  at  Donelson,  Stone  River,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrench- 
ment,  and  Utoy  Creeks  ;  on  the  Sand  Town  road ;  both  days  at 
Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  severely 
wounded  while  riding  in  the  race  between  a  Federal  regiment 
and  the  Fourth  Kentucky  to  Oconee  river  bridge  at  Milledgeville, 
Ga.  Was  left  at  the  house  of  Col.  Birney,  in  Wilkes  County, 
which  was  visited  by  Federal  troops  daily  for  a  week,  and  after 
several  days  escaped  by  wagon,  making  his  way  to  Macon,  shortly 
after  which  he  rejoined  the  command  and  served  in  all  its  en 
gagements  until  the  last  skirmish,  near  Gov.  Manning's  residence, 
on  the  Wateree  river,  Clarendon  District,  South  Carolina. 

ED  HUGHES,  Union  County,  fought  at  Donelson. 

W.  G.  HUGHES,  Union  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  at  Stone  River, 
at  Jackson,  at  Chickamauga,  at  Mission  Ridge,  at  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  at  Resaca,  at  Dallas,  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta,  at  Peachtree 
Creek,  at  Intrenchment  Creek,  and  Utoy  Creek,  at  Jonesboro', 
both  days,  and  was  captured  at  Stonebridge,  November,  1864. 

W.  L.  HEATH,  Crittenden  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga,  at  Mis 
sion  Ridge,  at  Rocky  Face,  at  Resaca,  at  Dallas,  was  captured  at 
Utoy  Creek,  but  rejoined  the  company  a  short  time  before  sur 
render. 

WM.  HEATON,  enlisted  at  Barnesville,  Ga.,  September,  1864,  and 
took  part  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

WM.  McE.  HILL,  Union  County,  fought  at  Donelson;  died  of  dis 
ease  at  Murfreesboro',  1862. 

THO.  JOICE,  Ireland,  fought  at  Donelson  and  Jackson;  but  was  so 
disabled  by  disease  that  he  subsequently  did  but  little  field  duty. 

THO.  KERSEY,  Union  County,  fought  at  Donelson  and  Stone  River. 
At  the  latter  place  he  was  wounded,  and  fell  into  the  hands  of  the 
enemy. 

FRED  LEWIS,  Louisville,  fought  at  Donelson  and  Jackson. 

WM.  LATHAM,  England,  detailed  to  work  as  a  finisher  of  cannon 
in  Confederate  ordnance  establishments. 

JAMES  LYNN,  Union  County,  was  captured  at  Fort  Donelson,  but 
escaped  from  Camp  Morton  and  joined  Adam  R.  Johnson's  regi 
ment  of  cavalry. 

JAMES  LANHAM,  Kentucky,  fought  at  Donelson,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face,  Resaca, 
Dallas,  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta,  at  Peachtree  Creek,  and  was  killed 
in  battle  at  Intrenchment  Creek,  July  22,  1864. 


636  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

T.  B.  MOBLEY,  Union  County,  fought  atDonelson  and  Stone  River. 
Died  of  disease  at  Chattanooga,  1863. 

DANIEL  MAHONEY,  Cork  County,  Ireland,  fought  at  Donelson, 
at  Stone  River,  at  Jackson,  at  Chickamauga,  at  Mission  Ridge, 
at  Rocky  Face,  at  Resaca,  at  Dallas ;  had  sick  leave  from  Kene- 
saw  Mountain,  June,  1864,  and  was  not  afterward  engaged  in 
battle.  Was  wounded  at  Donelson  by  a  Minie-ball  through  the 
thigh. 

BENJ.  MOFFITT,  McLean  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  at  Stone 
River,  at  Jackson,  at  Mission  Ridge,  at  Resaca,  at  Dallas,  from 
Dallas  to  Atlanta,  Peachtree  Creek,  at  Intrenchment  Creek,  at 
Utoy  Creek,  at  Jonesboro',  both  days,  and  in  the  mounted  engage 
ments. 

ED  MARTIN  (born  at  sea),  fought  at  Donelson,  at  Stone  River,  at 
Jackson,  at  Chickamauga,  at  Mission  Ridge,  at  Rocky  Face,  at 
Resaca,  at  Dallas,  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta,  at  Peachtree  Creek,  at 
Intrenchment  Creek,  at  Utoy  Creek,  at  Jonesboro',  both  days,  and 
in  the  engagements  of  the  mounted  infantry. 

T.  H.  MOULDER,  England,  was  left  sick  at  Nashville,  February, 
1862,  and  was  not  afterward  heard  of — supposed  to  have  died 
there. 

JOHN  McALLISTER,  Henderson,  was  placed  on  regimental  band, 
1 86 1 ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was  afterward  detailed  for  duty  with 
field  hospital,  in  which  capacity  he  acted  at  Chickamauga  and  at 
Mission  Ridge. 

JAMES  NELSON,  Union  County,  was  discharged  on  account  of  dis 
ability,  by  disease,  at  Bowling  Green,  1861. 

JOHN  PATTERSON,  Simpson  County,  fought  at  Donelson;  subse 
quently  joined  Tenth  Kentucky  Cavalry,  and  was  captured  in  a 
skirmish  in  Kentucky.  After  he  had  fairly  surrendered,  a  Fed 
eral  soldier  shot  his  eyes  out  without  provocation. 

A.  A.  PREWITT,  Henderson  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  at  Stone 
River,  and  at  Jackson ;  was  afterward  so  disabled  by  disease,  as 
to  preclude  his  doing  field  service. 

JNO.  LOVELL  ROUSSEAU,  Henderson,  was  elected  brevet  second 
lieutenant,  April  i,  1864;  fought  at  Donelson,  at  Stone  River, 
at  Jackson,  at  Chickamauga,  and  at  Mission  Ridge;  was  after 
ward  a  member  of  the  Tenth  Cavalry. 

SANDY  RUDD,  Union  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  at  Stone  River, 
and  at  Jackson. 

JNO.  ROBINSON,  Henderson  County,  fought  at  Donelson;  was 
drowned  in  the  Mississippi,  opposite  Helena,  Arkansas,  when  re 
turning  from  prison,  September,  1862. 

J.  B.  RAILEY,  Union  County,  fought  at  Donelson. 

ABSALOM  RAY,  Union  County,  was  never  engaged  in  battle,  on 
account  of  disease,  of  which  he  at  last  died,  in  Jackson,  Miss. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  637 

CHARLES  H.  SANDEFUR,  Henderson,  fought  at  Donelson  and 
Stone  River ;  was  captured  on  both  occasions,  and  died  in  prison, 
1863. 

GEO.  W.  SHEETS,  Union  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  at  Stone 
River,  at  Jackson,  at  Chickamauga,  at  Mission  Ridge,  at  Rocky 
Face,  at  Resaca,  at  Dallas ;  was  wounded  in  a  skirmish  at  Kene- 
saw  Mountain,  and  Avas  not  afterward  engaged. 

ED  SUMMERS,  Union  County,  fought  at  Donelson;  was  afterward 
connected  with  Confederate  cavalry. 

FRED  SAUNDERS,  France,  fought  at  Donelson. 
J.  SCHWAUER,  Germany,  fought  at  Donelson. 

H.  T.  TRIMBLE,  Indiana,  fought  at  Jackson,  at  Chickamauga,  at 
Mission  Ridge. 

WILLIAM  UTLEY,  Henderson,  was  discharged  at  Bowling  Green, 
1 86 1,  on  account  of  disability  by  disease. 

JOHN  R.  VAIL,  Henderson  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  at  Rocky 
Face,  at  Resaca,  at  Dallas,  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta,  at  Peachtree 
Creek,  at  Intrenchment  Creek,  at  Utoy  Creek,  at  Jonesboro', 
both  days,  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

S.  W.  WILKINS,  Madisonville,  fought  at  Donelson,  at  Stone  River, 
at  Jackson,  at  Chickamauga,  at  Mission  Ridge.  On  the  campaign 
of  1864  his  health  was  so  poor  as  to  necessitate  sick  leave,   and 
"  he  was  not  afterward  engaged. 

HENRY  WILLIAMS,  Ireland,  fought  at  Donelson,  at  Hartsville, 
where  he  was  wounded ;  fought  also  at  Stone  River,  and  at  Jack 
son. 

J.  G.  WRIGHT,  Union  County,  fought  at  Donelson,  at  Stone  River, 
at  Jackson,  at  Chickamauga,  at  Mission  Ridge ;  and  afterward  at 
different  places  with  Forrest's  cavalry. 

GEO.  WALTON,  Maryland,  transferred  to  Cobb's  Battery,  1862. 

S.  B.  YEAKY,  Webster  County,  fought  at  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face,  Resaca,  Dallas,  from  Dallas  to  At 
lanta;  at  Peachtree  Creek,  Intrenchment  Creek,  Utoy  Creek,  at 
Jonesboro',  both  days;  and  in  the  mouted  infantry  engagements 
between  Stockbridge  and  Savannah.  Was  captured  near  Savan 
nah,  December,  1864,  and  held  prisoner  until  after  the  close  of 
the  war. 


COMPANY  C,   FOURTH    REGIMENT. 

J.  M.  FITZHENRY,  Uniontown,  was  elected  captain,  Aug.  14,  1861; 
fought  at  Shiloh ;  and  resigned,  April  25,  1862. 

JOHN  G.  GRIFFIN,  Uniontown,  was  elected  first  lieutenant,  Aug. 
14,  1861 ;  fought  at  Shiloh;  and  resigned,  April  25,  1862. 


€38  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

WM.  S.  PHILLIPS,  Uniontown,  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  Aug. 
14,  1 86 1  ;  on  the  march  from  Kentucky  he  was  assigned  to  duty 
as  quartermaster  of  the  Fourth  Regiment,  and  was  afterward  pro 
moted  to  captain,  taking  rank  from  Feb.  13,  1862  ;  he  served 
with  his  regiment  till  December,  1863,  when  he  was  made  quar 
termaster  of  brigade,  on  the  staff  of  Gen.  Lewis,  and  recommended 
for  promotion  to  the  rank  of  major  ;  and  he  served  in  this  capacity 
till  the  close  of  the  war. 

CY  H.  HIGGINSON,  Uniontown,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
Aug.  14,  1861,  was  promoted  to  captain,  May  i,  1861 ;  fought  at 
Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and  Baton  Rouge ;  was  dangerously  wounded 
in  the  hand  and  shoulder  at  the  latter  place,  and  permanently  dis 
abled;  resigned,  Jan.  8,  1864. 

JACK  T.  BROWN,  Uniontown,  was  appointed  first  sergeant,  Aug. 
14,  1861 ;  was  elected  first  lieutenant,  May  i,  1862,  promoted  to 
captain,  Jan.  8,  1864;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas,  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  was  about  this 
time  disabled  for  field  service  by  ill  health,  but  recovered  and 
took  part  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

JOHN  B.  SPALDING,  Union  County,  was  appointed  second  ser 
geant,  Aug.  14,  1861 ;  was  transferred  to  First  Kentucky  Cavalry, 
Oct.  20,  1861. 

CHARLES  BUCKMAN,  Union  County,  was  appointed  third  ser 
geant,  Aug.  14,  1861 ;  was  killed  at  Shiloh,  April  6,  1862. 

SAMUEL  A.  CLEMENTS,  Union  County,  was  appointed  fourth  ser 
geant  Aug.  14,  1861  ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas,  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta,  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment, 
and  Utoy  Creeks,  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted 
engagements  ;  he  was  badly  wounded  in  the  neck  at  Stone  River, 
Jan.  2,  1863,  captured  and  imprisoned  for  four  months.  His 
commissioned  officers  being  disabled,  he  commanded  the  com 
pany  at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks,  and  the  last  day  at 
Jonesboro'. 

SOL  DEWESE,  Union  County,  was  appointed  fifth  sergeant,  Aug. 
14,  1 86 1  ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
and  Resaca  ;  was  wounded  at  Resaca,  but  engaged  in  some  of  the 
skirmishes  between  Dallas  and  Atlanta,  fought  at  Peachtree,  In 
trenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the 
mounted  engagements. 

ROBERT  SPALDING,  Union  County,  was  appointed  first  corporal, 
Aug.  14,  1862  ;  was  wounded  in  battle  at  Shiloh,  and  permanently 
disabled,  and  was  discharged,  June,  1862. 

ELISHA  CLEMENTS,  Union  County,  was  appointed  second  cor 
poral,  Aug.  14,  1 86 1  ;  was  wounded  in  battle  at  Shiloh,  and  per 
manently  disabled,  and  was  discharged,  June,  1862. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  639 

MARK  HANCOCK,  Union  County,  was  appointed  third  corporal, 
Aug.  14,  1861 ;  died  of  disease  in  Atlanta,  March,  1862. 

WM.  RAGSDALE,  Union  County,  was  appointed  fourth  corporal, 
Aug.  14,  1 86 1 ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  and 
Stone  River;  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  Jan.  2,  1863. 

FRANK  AUSTIN,  Union  County,  was  on  detail  service  till  July, 
1862;  fought  at  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas,  from  Dallas  to  At 
lanta,  at  Utoy  Creek,  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  in  the  mounted 
engagements  up  to  December  20,  1864,  when  he  was  detailed  for 
service  with  the  provost  guard,  and  was  on  that  duty  the  remain 
der  of  the  war. 

CHARLES  BEARD,  Union  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Mission 
Ridge,  was  captured  at  the  latter  place,  and  detained  in  prison  till 
the  close  of  the  war. 

JOSEPH  BEARD,  Union  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga;  was  captured 
at  the  latter  place,  and  afterward  died  in  prison. 

JOHN  J.  BERRY,  Union  County,  was  one  of  the  regimental  musi 
cians,  served  on  the  Infirmary  Corps  at  Shiloh,  Baton  Rouge,  and 
Stone  River ;  was  detailed  as  druggist,  and  served  in  that  capacity 
during  the  remainder  of  the  war. 

JAMES  H.  BERRYMAN,  Union  County,  was  one  of  the  regimental 
musicians  ;  served  on  the  Infirmary  Corps  at  Shiloh,  Baton  Rouge, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Mission  Ridge ;  was 
captured  at  the  latter  place. 

THOMAS  BURRIS,  Union  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
and  Baton  Rouge;  died  of  disease  at  Murfreesboro',  December, 
1862. 

JOHN  BUMPUS,  Union  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Stone. 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  was  dangerously  wounded  at  the  latter  place, 
and  disabled  for  any  further  service  during  the  war. 

JOHN  R.  BRINKLEY,  Union  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga; 
was  transferred  to  the  Twentieth  Tennessee  Infantry,  March, 
1863. 

THOMAS  C.  BLACKWELL,  Union  County,  was  elected  second 
lieutenant,  January,  1863,  and  was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant, 
Jan.  8,  1863;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  and  Mission  Ridge;  commanded  Pioneer  Corps 
from  Dalton  to  Dallas;  fought  at  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta; 
was  disabled  by  ill  health  for  active  field  duty  till  autumn,  when 
he  rejoined  the  company,  but  was  assigned  to  duty  with  Capt. 
Bosche,  commanding  detail  of  saddle  and  harnessmakers,  at 
Newman,  Ga.,  and  remained  there  till  the  close  of  the  war. 

THOMAS  BROWN,  Union  County,  was  discharged  on  account  of 
disability  by  disease,  January,  1862. 


640  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

SCOTT  BAKER,  Union  County,  was  one  of  the  regimental  musi 
cians;  served  on  the  Infirmary  Corps  at  Shiloh,  Baton  Rouge, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga;  was  captured  at  Mis 
sion  Ridge,  Nov.  21,  1863,  and  died  in  prison. 

JO  BUTLER,  Union  County,  was  discharged  on  account  of  dis 
ability  by  disease,  May  i,  1862. 

FRANK  P.  CLEMENTS,  Union  County,  was  elected  second  lieu 
tenant,  January,  1864;  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was  wounded  there, 
April  6,  186,2;  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas; 
was  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  but  recovered  and  "fought  at 
Utoy  Creek,  and  at  Jonesboro;  was  again  wounded  at  the  latter 
place,  Aug.  31,  1864.  He  was  in  the  mounted  engagements  up 
to  March,  1865,  when  he  was  sent  to  Kentucky  on  recruiting 
service,  and  was  thus  engaged  when  the  war  closed. 

EDWARD  CRIBBS,  Union  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas,  from  Dallas  to  At 
lanta,  at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks;  was  wounded  at 
the  latter  place ;  fought  in  the  mounted  engagements  till  after  the 
command  left  Savannah,  when  he  was  detailed  for  other  service, 
which  he  continued  to  do  till  the  close  of  the  war. 

ALFRED  CHANEY,  Union  County,  died  of  disease  at  Bowling 
Green,  January,  1862. 

PETER  CAMPBELL,  Union  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to 
Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  and  did 
detail  service  during  the  remainder  of  the  war. 

CARNEY,  Union  County,  died  of  disease,  1862. 

JAMES  CISSELL,  Union  County,  was  wounded  in  battle  at  Shiloh, 
and  permanently  disabled;  was  discharged,  June,  1862. 

GEORGE  DIEFENBACH,  Union  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was 
wounded  there;  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas; 
from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy 
Creeks ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engage 
ments. 

THOMAS  DAVIS,  Union  County,  was  detailed  as  teamster,  Feb.  i, 
1862,  and  generally  served  in  that  capacity  till  the  army  reached 
Dalton,  when  he  was  transferred  to  Co.  B,  and  afterward  fought 
with  that  company. 

GARRETT  EMERSON,  Union  ounty,  was  one  of  the  regimental 
musicians;  served  on  the  Infirmary  Corps  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  and  Jackson ;  fought  in  the  ranks  at 
Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas,  and  was  captured  at  Kenesaw  Mountain,  June,  1864. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  (>41 

SAM  FITZHENRY,  Union  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh, 
April  6,  1862. 

CHAS.  FITZHENRY,  Union  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  where  he 
was  wounded  and  captured,  April  7,  1862. 

GEORGE  FENWICK,  Union  County,  fought  at  Shiloh;  was  dis 
charged  on  account  of  disability  by  disease,  May,  1862. 

WM.  GREENWELL,  Union  County,  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga;  was  wounded 
at  the  latter  place,  lost  an  eye,  and  was  permanently  disabled. 

SAMUEL  GILGHRIST,  Union  County,  fought  with  the  Louisiana 
infantry  at  different  points,  up  to  January,  1864,  when  he  was 
transferred  to  this  company,  and  fought  at  Rocky  Face  Ridge, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  May  28,  1864. 

HENRY  GREEN,  Union  County,  was  one  of  the  regimental  musi 
cians,  and  served  on  the  Infirmary  Corps  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  At 
lanta;  at  Peachtree.  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  at 
Jonesboro'.  After  the  command  was  mounted,  he  was  made 
bugler,  and  served  in  that  capacity  during  the  remainder  of  the 
war. 

WM.  HENRY  GOUGH,  Union  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  was  captured  at 
Kenesaw  Mountain,  June,  1864,  and  detained  in  prison  till  the 
close  of  the  war. 

JERRY  HENISSEE,  Union  County,  was  discharged  on  account  of 
disability  by  disease,  1862. 

THO.  J.  HITE,  Union  County,  was  transferred  to  First  Kentucky 
Cavalry,  November,  1861. 

WM.  HITE,  Union  County,  was  wounded  at  Shiloh,  April  6,  1862, 
and  permanently  disabled  for  duty  in  the  ranks,  but  took  charge 
of  an  ambulance,  and  faithfully  performed  that  service  till  the 
close  of  the  war. 

HENRY  HARDESTY,  Union  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Vicks 
burg  ;  was  afterward  discharged  on  account  of  disability  by  dis 
ease,  1862. 

GREEN  F.  HIGGINSON,  Union  County,  was  detailed  as  forage 
master,  Feb.  i,  and  served  as  such  till  May  i,  1862,  when  he 
was  elected  second  lieutenant;  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge, 
and  Stone  River,  commanded  Co.  C  in  the  latter  battle,  and  was 
killed  there,  Jan.  2,  1863. 

JAMES  HANCOCK,  Union  County,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
Jan.  u,  1863;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas;  was  severely  wounded  and  permanently  disabled  at  the 
latter  place,  May  28,  1864. 


642  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

JOHN  HUDGENS,  Union  County,  was  detailed  as  teamster,  Janu 
ary,  1862,  and  served  as  such  until  he  was  discharged  on  account 
of  disability  by  disease,  1862. 

ROMANUS  HERD,  Union  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge.  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Dallas; 
in  skirmishes  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  atPeachtree,  Intrenchment, 
and  Utoy  Creeks;  and  was  killed  near  Atlanta,  Aug.  14,  1864. 

JOSEPH  JAMES,  Union  County,  was  discharged  on  account  of  dis 
ability  by  disease,  June,  1862. 

SYLVESTER  JONES,  Union  County,  was  detailed  as  teamster  in 
January,  and  served  as  such  until  July,  1862;  fought  at  Vicks 
burg,  Baton  Rouge,  and  Stone  River;  was  killed  while  carrying 
the  regimental  colors  at  the  latter  place,  Jan.  3,  1863. 

R.  J.  JENKINS,  Union  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Mission  Ridge. 

EDWARD  KELLY,  Union  County,  was  wounded  in  battle  at  Shi 
loh,  and  captured  April  7,  1862.  After  having  been  exchanged, 
he  was  detailed  for  service  in  hospitals,  and  remained  on  that  duty 
till  September,  1864,  when  he  rejoined  the  company  and  took 
part  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

PAT  KEARNEY,  Union  County,  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree, 
Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  was  captured  at  the  latter 
place,  and  detained  in  prison  till  the  close  of  the  war. 

ROBERT  KENNEDY,  Union  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  was  wounded 
at  Kenesaw  Mountain,  and  permanently  disabled,  June,  1864. 

THO.  KENNEDY,  Union  County,  died  of  disease  at  Bowling  Green. 

JOHN  LAMBERT,  Union  County,  fought  at  Shiloh;  was  discharged 
on  account  of  disability  by  disease,  May,  1862. 

THOMAS  LAMBERT,  Union  County,  died  of  disease  at  Nashville, 
Dec.  1861. 

ELIAS  LIVSEY,  Union  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  ;  died  of  disease  at 
Sumter,  Ala.,  July  12,  1862. 

SIMON  MAYBERRY,  Union  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  At 
lanta;  at  Peachtree,  and  Intrenchment  Creeks;  was  wounded  at 
the  latter  place,  July  22,  1864,  but  recovered  and  took  part  in  the 
mounted  engagements. 

REV.  MR.  MARTIN,  Union  County,  was  transferred  to  Co.  I, 
1861. 

HENRY  MELBOURNE,  Union  County,  fought  at  Shiloh;  was  dis 
charged  on  account  of  disability  by  disease,  June,  1862. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  643 

JOHN  McGUIRE,  Union  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  was  killed  at  the  latter 
place,  May  28,  1864. 

WILLIAM  McCLELLAN,  Union  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicks 
burg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mis 
sion  Ridge.  Was  captured  near  Dalton,  Dec.  21,  1863. 

JAMES  NEWMAN,  Union  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Mission  Ridge ;  was  cap 
tured  near  Dalton,  Dec.  21,  1863,  and  was  detained  in  prison  till 
the  war  closed. 

THOMAS  PIKE,  Union  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and 
Baton  Rouge.  Lost  a  leg  in  the  latter  battle  and  was  discharged. 

IGNATIUS  PIKE,  Union  County,  died  of  disease  at  Nashville,  No 
vember,  1 86 1. 

FRED  E.  ROBERTSON,  Union  County,  fought  at  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga ;  was 
wounded  at  the  latter  place,  and  permanently  disabled,  Sept.  20, 
1863.  He  carried  the  colors  through  the  battle  of  Baton  Rouge; 
and,  in  January,  1863,  he  was  appointed  first  sergeant. 

JAMES  ROSS,  Union  County,  was  disabled  for  duty  by  ill  health 
health  during  the  whole  war,  and  was  not  required  to  be  with  the 
command. 

WILLIAM  ROSS,  Union  County,  was  one  of  the  regimental  musi 
cians;  served  on  the  Infirmary  Corps  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Mission  Ridge. 
Died  of  disease  at  Macon,  Ga. ,  1864. 

JAMES  ROUSE,  Union  County,  was  one  of  the  regimental  musicians ; 
served  on  the  Infirmary  Corps  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Mission  Ridge ;  was 
captured  near  Dalton,  Dec.  21,  1863. 

(AMES  RICE,  Union  County,  died  of  disease  in  Atlanta,  March, 
1862. 

LEGRAND  ROWE,  Union  County,  was  detailed  for  duty  in  hos 
pitals,  and  served  till  June,  1862,  when  he  was  discharged  on  ac 
count  of  disability  by  disease. 

JAMES  RIDDLE,  Union  County,  was  discharged  on  account  of  dis 
ability  by  disease,  at  Bowling  Green. 

LLOYD  SPALDING,  Union  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta; 
was  mortally  wounded  at  Dallas,  May  28,  and  died  at  Atlanta, 
June,  1864. 

WILLIAM  SPALDING,  Union  County,  fought,  at  Shiloh,  Vicks 
burg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and 
Mission  Ridge. 


644  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

WILLIAM  SHERCLIFFE,  Union  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and 
was  wounded  there;  fought  also  at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas  ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta  ;  at  Peachtree, 
Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in 
the  mounted  engagements. 

JOHN  SMITH,  Union  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was  wounded 
there  during  the  first  day  ;  fought  also  at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree. 
Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  ot  Jonesboro',  and 
in  the  mounted  engagements. 

JAMES  STORY,  Union  County,  fought  with  this  company  at  Shiloh; 
was  afterward  transferred  to  the  Second  Regiment. 

JOSEPH  STIFFLER,  Union  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta; 
at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at 
Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

DANIEL  TEEL,  Union  County,  was  transferred  to  Morgan's  cav 
alry  early  in  the  war. 

WILLIAM  TURNER,  Union  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh, 
April  7,  1862. 

HORACE  THOMPSON,  Union  County,  was  wounded  in  battle 
at  Shiloh  and  permanently  disabled;  was  soon  afterward  dis 
charged. 

WILLIS  THOMPSON,  Union  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Vicks 
burg. 

THOMAS  J.  THOMPSON,  Union  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicks 
burg,  Baton  Rouge,  and  Stone  River ;  was  killed  at  the  latter 
place,  Jan.  2,  1863. 

THOMAS  THRELKELD,  Union  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at 
Shiloh,  April  7,  1862. 

PRESLEY  TRABUE,  Union  County,  was  appointed  ordnance  offi 
cer,  with  the  rank  of  first  lieutenant  in  1862,  and  remained  with 
the  brigade  during  the  year ;  was  afterward  assigned  to  duty  else 
where. 

PHIL  VAN  BUSSUM,  Union  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  was 
wounded  there,  April  7,  1862 ;  fought  also  at  Baton  Rouge,  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and 
Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  en 
gagements. 

JOHN  WILLIAMS,  Union  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Vicksburg, 
and  afterward  died  of  disease. 

CHARLES  WATHEN,  Union  County,  fought  at  Shiloh. 
PATRICK  WATHEN,  Union  County,  died  of  disease,  1862. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  645 

THEODORE  WATHEN,  Union  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga, 
Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dal 
las  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment  and  Utoy  Creeks; 
both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  Was 
wounded  at  Intrenchment  Creek,  July  22,  1864. 

WILLIAM  YATES,  Union  County,  was  wounded  and  captured  at 
Shiloh,  April  7,  1862. 


COMPANY  D,  FOURTH  REGIMENT. 

WILLIS  S.  ROBERTS,  Scott  County,  was  elected  captain,  Sept.  12, 
1861  ;  was  promoted  to  major,  Dec.  18,  1862.  Fought  at  Shi- 
ioh  and  Vicksburg ;  was  wounded  in  the  confusion  created  by 
Partisan  Rangers  on  the  morning  of  Aug.  5,  1862,  before  Baton 
Rouge,  and  was  thus  prevented  from  taking  part  in  that  engage 
ment;  was  killed  in  battle  at  Stone  River,  Jan.  2,  1863. 

FRANK  SCOTT,  Ohio  County,  was  elected  first  lieutenant,  Sept.  12, 
1 86 1,  and  soon  afterward  resigned. 

GRIFF  P.  THEOBALD,  Owen  County,  was  elected  second  lieuten 
ant,  Sept.  13,  1861.  (See  "  Field  and  Staff.") 

S.  O.  PEYTON,  McLean  County,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
Sept.  12,  1861  ;  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Vicksburg;  was  wounded 
in  the  former  engagement,  April  7,  1862  ;  was  elected  first  lieu 
tenant  of  Capt.  Jones'  company,  Ninth  Kentucky  Cavalry,  and 
assigned  to  duty  in  that  command,  December,  1862. 

JOHN  H.  WELLER,  Louisville.      (See  biography.) 

ROBERT  MOORE,  New  Orleans,  La.,  was  appointed  sergeant- 
major,  September,  1861 ;  and  was  elected  second  lieutenant  of 
Co.  D,  Nov.  14,  1 86 1.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  and  Stone  River.  He  was  mortally  wounded  in  battle  at 
Stone  River,  Jan.  2,  and  died  Jan.  8,  1863. 

WILLIAM  H.  LUTON,  Ramsey,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
Jan.  1 6,  and  was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant,  Jan.  22,  1863. 
Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jack 
son,  Chickamauga,  Chickamauga  Station,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree, 
Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in 
the  mounted  engagements. 

JO  LECOMPTE,  Henry  County,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
April  i,  1863.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Chickamauga  Station, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta; 
at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days  at 
Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  wounded 
at  Savannah,  December,  1864.  Died  at  Alexandria,  Ark.,  about 
1882. 


646  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

ROBERT  H.  WILLIAMS,  Owen  County,  was  elected  sec  >nd  lieu 
tenant,  April  i,  1863.  He  was  prevented  by  ill  health  from  par 
ticipating  in  the  earlier  engagements,  but  fought  at  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and 
Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  en 
gagements. 

JOHN  W.  BOWER,  Scott  County,  was  appointed  sergeant  in 
1864.  He  was  sometimes  prevented  by  ill  health  from  taking 
part  in  engagements,  but  fought  in  several  battles  with  the  infan 
try,  and  was  in  all  the  cavalry  operations.  He  was  once  detailed 
for  duty  with  the  corps  of  sappers  and  miners,  and  served  some 
time  in  that  capacity.  Died  in  Paris,  Mo.,  March  17,  1896. 

GEO.  BEATTIE,  Scott  County,  was  constant  laboring  under  griev 
ous  affliction,  but  bore  up  with  fortitude,  and  fought  at  Shiloh, 
Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
Chickamauga  Station,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ; 
from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy 
Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engage 
ments. 

A.  H.  BROWN,  Hopkinsville,  served  almost  exclusively  on  detail 
duty. 

DUNCAN  R.  BURKE,  Owen  County,  was  appointed  corporal,  1863, 
and  was  promoted  to  sergeant,  1864.  Fought  at  Shiloh;  was 
wounded  and  captured  there;  after  having  been  exchanged,  he 
fought  at  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Chickamauga 
Station,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to 
Atlanta;  at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks;  at  Jonesboroand 
in  the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  wounded  also  at  Dallas  and 
at  Intrenchment  Creek. 

ROLAND  C.  BRYANT,  Webster  County,  was  generally  employed 
in  various  detail  duty. 

JOHN  BEATTIE,  Scott  County,  was  appointed  first  sergeant,  1862. 
Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  Chickamauga  Station,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment, 
and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted 
engagements. 

D.  CHANDLER,  Hopkins  County,  was  appointed  second  sergeant, 
Sept.  12,  1861;  and  was  transferred  to  cavalry  in  1862. 

F.  M.  CHAPMAN,  Owen  County,  was  transferred  from  Ireland's 
cavalry  company,  1862;  fought  with  the  Fourth  Infantry  at  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Chickamauga  Station,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peach- 
tree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro', 
and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

W.  H.  CONDER  (Chip),  Owen  County,  was  transferred  to  Co.  C, 
First  Kentucky  Cavalry,  January,  1863. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  647 

JOSEPH  CRAIG,  Gallatin  County,  was  transferred  from  First  Ken 
tucky  Cavalry,  January,  1863,  and  was  generally  afterward  em 
ployed  in  various  detail  service. 

THOMAS  H.  COVINGTON,  Scott  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicks- 
burg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga; 
was  mortally  wounded  in  battle  at  Chickamauga,  and  died  shortly 
afterward.  He  was  one  of  the  corporals  of  the  company,  and  was 
awarded  medal  of  honor  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  at 
Chickamauga. 

CHARLIE  CARDWELL,  Muhlenberg  County,  fought  at  Shiloh, 
Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
Chickamauga  Station,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas; 
from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment  and  U toy 
Creeks  ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro' ,  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 
He  was  wounded  at  Chickamauga  Station,  Nov.  26,  1863. 

HERMAN  CHOWNING,  Owen  County,  fought  at  Shiloh;  was  aft 
erward  detailed  as  blacksmith  for  the  regiment,  and  died  of  dis 
ease  at  Columbus,  Ga. ,  1863. 

G.  REED  CALDWELL,  Owen  County,  was  appointed  sergeant,  1864. 
Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jack 
son,  Chickamauga,  Chickamauga  Station,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  In 
trenchment  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the 
mounted  engagements. 

SAMUEL  G.  DENTON,  Owen  County,  fought  at  Shiloh;  and  was 
generally  afterward  on  detached  service. 

JOHN  DEES,  Henry  County,  served  mostly  with  a  cavalry  command, 
but  fought  with  this  company  at  Chickamauga,  and  was  wounded 
there. 

M.  W.  ELLISON,  Kentucky,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Chickamauga  Sta 
tion,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  was  dangerously 
wounded  at  Dallas,  and  permanently  disabled ;  was  discharged 
some  time  during  the  year. 

FRANK  EDDINGS,  Owen  County,  fought  at  Vicksburg  and  Baton 
Rouge. 

JOHN  CAHILL,  Ireland,  was  an  old  man,  but  served  throughout 
the  war,  and  was  in  most  of  the  battles  oT  his  regiment. 

J  EFFREY  FANNING,  Ireland,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga;  was  killed  at 
the  latter  place,  Sept.  20,  1863. 

JOHN  GORDON,  Henry  County,  was  appointed  sergeant  in  1863. 
Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jack 
son,  Chickamauga,  Chickamauga  Station,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and 
Resaca;  and  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  May  14,  1864. 

JOHN  GORHAM,  Scott  County,  was  discharged,  November,  1862, 
being  under  age. 


648  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

BARNETT  GORDON,  Henry  County,  was  appointed  corporal  in 

1863.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Chickamauga  Station,  Rocky  Face  Ridge, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas,  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  In- 
trenchment,   and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro' ;    was 
wounded  at  the  latter  place,  Sept.  i,  1864,  and  disabled  for  further 
service  during  the  war.     The  leg  in  which  he  was  shot  had  finally 
to  be  amputated,  which  was  done  in  Frankfort  in  August,  1864. 

LAWRENCE  GORDON,  Henry  County,  was  crippled  in  the  hand 
when  enlisted,  and  was  consequently  employed  in  detail  duty  or 
detached  service  during  the  war.  Was  appointed  brigade  forage- 
master,  Dec.  24,  1863. 

JOHN  W.  GUILL,  Owen  County,  was  appointed  sergeant  early  in 

1864.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Chickamauga  Station,  Rocky  Face  Ridge, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas,   from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  In- 
trenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in 
all  the  mounted  engagements. 

LEWIS  GATEWOOD,  Scott  County,  was  wounded  in  battle  at  Shi 
loh,  April  7,  1862,  and  was  discharged  on  account  of  disability 
by  reason  of  it,  some  time  during  the  summer. 

JOHN  GILLEN,  Louisville,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh. 

FRANK  HARPER,  Scott  County,  was  transferred  to  the  Ninth  Ken 
tucky  Infantry,  1862. 

SILAS  D.  HARDIN,  Henry  County,  fought  on  the  skirmish  line,  at 
Utoy  Creek,  and  was  wounded  there,  Aug.  6,  1864,  and  though 
he  remained  till  the  close  of  the  war,  he  was  in  no  other  engage 
ment. 

TABOR  HANCOCK,  Owen  County,  died  of  disease  at  Lauderdale 
Springs,  Miss.,  during  the  summer  of  1862. 

JOHN  M.  HERNDON,  Owen  County,  was  detailed  as  wagon  master, 
1 86 1 ;  served  some  time  in  that  capacity,  and  was  then  trans 
ferred  to  the  First  Kentucky  Cavalry.  (See  Co.  C,  First  Ken 
tucky  Cavalry.) 

PASCHAL  JONES,  Owen  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Chickamauga 
Station,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to 
Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both 
days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  Died  in 
Owen  County,  1896. 

W.  E.  JONES,  Owen  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  and  Stone  River;  was  dangerously  wounded  at  the  latter 
place,  and  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  enemy ;  rejoined  company 
during  the  summer,  and  fought  at  Chickamauga,  Chickamauga 
Station,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  Dallas,  and  Kenesaw  Moun 
tain  ;  was  killed  at  the  latter  place  in  a  skirmish,  June  20,  1864. 

SAMUEL  JONES,  died  of  disease  at  Bowling  Green,  1862. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  649 

THOMAS  JENKINS,  Hopkins  County,  was  appointed  third  sergeant 
in  1 86 1  ;  died  of  disease  at  Huntsville,  Ala.,  March,  1862. 

W.  R.  JENKINS,  Hopkins  County,  was  transferred  from  Co.  I,  Third 
Kentucky  Infantry,  Sept.  18,  1862  ;  was  generally  engaged  in  de 
tached  service  till  the  close  of  the  war. 

JOHN  LECOMPTE,  Henry  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  and  Stone  River ;  was  wounded  at  Shiloh,  and  was 
killed  at  Stone  River,  Jan.  2,  1863.  After  the  battle  of  Stone 
River,  his  name  was  before  his  company  as  one  of  the  contestants 
for  the  award  of  the  medal  of  honor. 

W.  A.  JONES,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Chickamauga  Station,  Rocky  Face 
Ridge,  Resaca,  Dallas,  and  Pine  Mountain  ;  was  killed  in  a  skir 
mish  at  the  latter  place,  June  14,  1864. 

JOHN  O.  LUCAS,  Owen  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and 
Baton  Rouge;  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  Aug.  5,  1864. 

WILLIAM  H.  LUCAS,  Owen  County,  was  generally  incapable,  by 
reason  of  ill  health,  for  any  duty,  but  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  in 
some  other  engagements,  and  was  sometimes  on  detail  service  for 
the  regiment. 

MOSES  LUCAS,  Scott  County,  was  usually  engaged  in  detailed  or 
detached  service. 

STEPHEN  LUCAS,  Scott  County,  was  generally  employed  as  team 
ster.  When  Gen.  Hanson  fell,  Stephen  Lucas  drove  an  ambu 
lance  into  the  storm  of  shot  and  brought  him  off.  He  was  slightly 
wounded  at  Dallas  while  bringing  off  wounded,  and  he  partici 
pated  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

ROBERT  H.  LINDSAY,  Scott  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face 
Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree, 
Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  and  at  Jonesboro'.  He  was 
severely  wounded  at  Stone  River,  and  after  that  battle  his  name 
was  before  the  company  as  one  of  the  contestants  for  the  medal  of 
honor.  After  the  battle  of  Chickamauga,  he  was  awarded  medal 
of  honor  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct,  and  was  appointed 
ensign  of  the  regiment,  with  the  rank  of  first  lieutenant.  He  had 
received  the  colors  at  Shiloh,  after  Williams  fell,  and  he  carried 
them  in  every  other  battle  up  to  the  time  of  his  death.  He  was 
killed  in  battle  at  Jonesboro',  Aug.  31,  1864. 

ALEC  LEATHERWOOD,  Indiana,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
and  Baton  Rouge. 

SILAS  D.  MORROW,  Owen  County,  died  of  disease  at  Bowling 
Green,  1862. 

THOMAS  McCARDWELL,  Owen  County,  was  in  two  or  three 
rights. 

DANIEL  McGUINESS,  Ireland,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  and  Stone  River ;  was  killed  at  the  latter  place. 


650  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

THOMAS  McCAULIFF,  Owen  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicks- 
burg,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga  Station;  was  cap 
tured  at  the  latter  place,  Nov.  25,  1863. 

JAMES  McMILLAN,  Scott  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh. 
HUGH  McVEY,  Ireland,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh. 

JAMES  O'DONNELL,  Ireland,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Chickamauga 
Station;  was  transferred  to  the  navy,  April  10,  1864. 

JOHN  PACE,  Owen  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Chickamauga,  and  Chickamauga  Station  ; 
was  captured  at  the  latter  place,  Nov.  25,  1863,  and  died  in 
prison. 

STROTHER  ROBERTS,  Owen  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was 
wounded  there. 

JOSEPH  ROGERS,  Owen  County,  was  often  incapacitated  by  ill 
health  for  duty  in  the  ranks,  but  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Chickamauga  Station,  and  in 
some  of  the  engagements  between  Dalton  and  Atlanta.  During 
the  mounted  service  he  was  on  duty  with  a  detail  of  soldiers. 

NIM  RYAN,  Owen  County,  was  in  some  of  the  battles,  but  nothing 
definite  is  known  to  the  writer. 

A.  B.  ROBERTS,  Scott  County,  was  appointed  fourth  sergeant, 
Sept.  13,  1 86 1 ;  lost  an  arm  in  the  battle  at  Shiloh,  and  was  dis 
charged  soon  afterward.  Was  caught  by  a  blizzard  in  Colorado, 
more  than  twenty  years  afterward,  and  frozen  to  death. 

GEORGE  E.  ROBERTS,  Owen  County,  fought  at  Shiloh;  was  ac 
cidentally  wounded  at  Baldwin,  Miss.,  disabled,  and  soon  after 
ward  discharged. 

JAMES  SHUMATE,  Kentucky,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Chickamauga 
Station. 

JOHN  SPARKS,  Owen  County,  fought  at  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
Rocky  Face  Ridge,  and  Resaca;  was  wounded  at  Stone  River, 
and  captured  at  Resaca. 

TIMOTHY  SULLIVAN,  Ireland,  was  transferred  to  artillery  in 
1861. 

JOHN  W.  SLUSSER,  Hillsboro',  Ohio  (known  as  "  Devil  Dick"), 
was  appointed  sergeant  in  1863;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Chickamauga  Station, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas  ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at 
Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jones- 
boro'.  During  the  cavalry  service  he  was  all  the  time  on  duty — 
generally  with  the  detail  of  mounted  scouts. 

JOSEPH  W.  STEELE,  Scott  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga;  was 
killed  at  the  latter  place,  Sept.  20,  1863. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  651 

JAMES  STANLEY,  Hopkins  County,  was  appointed  corporal,  Sept. 
13,  1861;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Chickamauga  Station,  Rocky  Face 
Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  was  wounded  at  Resaca,  and  killed 
at  Dallas. 

SAMUEL  SUTER,  Owen  County,  died  of  disease  at  Nashville,  1862. 

THOS.  R.  STEGER,  Owen  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and 
Baton  Rouge ;  was  disabled  by  wounds  received  at  the  latter 
place,  and  placed  on  the  list  of  retired  soldiers.  Died  in  Owen 
County  more  than  twenty  years  afterward. 

CRAWFORD  STRUM,  Webster  County,  was  in  all  the  battles  in 
which  his  regiment  was  engaged,  and  was  specially  mentioned  by 
his  captain  as  being  a  gallant  and  meritorious  soldier. 

GREEN  T.  TAYLOR,  Henry  County,  was  on  detail  and  detached 
duty  up  to  Dalton  (1864),  when  he  entered  the  ranks  and  fought 
at  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to 
Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  and  both 
days  at  Jonesboro'.  During  the  cavalry  service  he  was  generally 
on  duty  with  the  party  of  mounted  scouts. 

SAMUEL  THEOBALD,  Owen  County,  was  transferred  to  Morgan's 
cavalry,  1862. 

J.  W.  TOMLINSON,  Owen  County,  was  appointed  first  sergeant, 
Sept.  13,  1 86 1  ;  was  discharged,  1862,  being  overage,  and  en 
tered  the  cavalry  service,  and  was  afterward  elected  a  lieutenant 
of  that  arm. 

GEO.  W.  THORNBERRY,  Owen  County,  served  as  regimental  clerk 
during  much  of  the  time  after  enlisting  up  to  January,  1863; 
fought  at  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Chickamauga 
Station ;  was  captured  at  the  latter  place,  and  was  not  exchanged 
during  the  war. 

THOMAS  TODD,  Hopkins  County,  died  of  disease  at  Oakland 
Station,  January,  1863. 

WM.  THOMAS,  was  transferred  to  artillery,  1861. 

JAMES  TUCKER,  Owen  County,  was  transferred  to  artillery,  1861. 

JOSHUA  WALLACE,  Owen  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Chicka 
mauga  Station ;  was  afterward  connected  with  cavalry,  and  was 
killed  in  battle,  1864. 

RICHARD  WAY,  Louisville,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Vicksburg;  died 
of  disease  at  Marion  Station,  Miss.,  during  the  summer  of  1862. 

DANIEL  WELSH,  Owen  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  died  of  dis 
ease  at  Corinth  shortly  afterward. 

CHARLES  L.  WARD,  Louisville,  fought  at  Shiloh  with  the  Ninth 
Regiment;  was  transferred,  1862,  to  this  company,  and  ap 
pointed  chief  musician  of  the  regiment.  He  served  with  the 
band  the  remainder  of  the  war.  Died  in  Louisville,  Feb.  25th, 


(552  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

SIMPSON  WILLIAMS,  Owen  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh. 

C.  O.  WHITE,  Owen  County,  was  appointed  corporal,  Sept.  13' 
1861 ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chick- 
mauga,  and  Chickamauga  Station ;  was  relieved  from  duty  in 
1864,  on  account  of  epilepsy,  but  rejoined  the  company  in  the 
autumn,  and  was  sent  to  Newnan  for  duty  with  the  detail  of  sad 
dlers. 

E.  B.  WELSH,  Kentucky,  fought  at  Shiloh;  was  discharged,  1862, 
being  under  age. 

T.  B.  WRIGHT,  Kentucky,  (known  as  "  Wild  Bill,")  fought  at  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Chickamauga  Station,  Rocky 
Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at 
Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jones- 
boro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

JOHN  YARBROUGH,  was  appointed  third  sergeant,  Sept.  13,  1861; 
fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  Chickamauga  Station,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment, 
and  Utoy  Creek ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted 
engagements. 


COMPANY  E,  FOURTH  REGIMENT. 

BEN  J.  MONROE,  Frankfort.      (See  biography.) 

THOMAS  STEELE,  Jr.,  Versailles,  was  elected  first  lieutenant, 
Sept.  13,  1861;  was  promoted  to  captain,  Oct.  5,  1862;  fought 
at  Shiloh,  where  he  was  wounded  and  captured;  was  exchanged 
and  rejoined  company,  September,  1862;  fought  at  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment, 
and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted 
engagements  up  to  March,  1865,  when  he  was  sent  into  Kentucky 
with  recruiting  orders;  was  captured  there,  and  remained  in 
prison  till  after  the  close  of  the  war. 

GEORGE  B.  BURNLEY,  Frankfort,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
Sept.  13,  1861 ;  was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant,  Oct.  5,  1862; 
fought  at  Shiloh,  where  he  was  severely  wounded  in  the  foot, 
April  7,  1862;  fought  a  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  and  Stone 
River;  was  mortally  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  Jan.  2,  and 
died  Jan.  3,  1862. 

ISHAM  T.  DUDLEY,  Frankfort,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
Sept.  13,  1861;  was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant  Jan.  4,  1863; 
fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  and  at  Peachtree  and  Intrench 
ment  Creeks;  was  captured  on  the  skirmish  line,  near  Atlanta, 
Aug.  5,  1864,  and  was  detained  in  prison  till  the  close  of  the  war. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  652 

ROBERT  A.  THOMSON,  Franklin  County.     (See  biography.) 

JAMES  W.  SMITH,  Woodford  County,  was  appointed  first  sergeant, 
Sept.  13,  1861;  and  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  Jan.  10,  1863. 
Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
and  Chickamauga;  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  Sept.  20, 
1863  ;  fought  also  at  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment, 
and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted 
engagements. 

R.  L.  RUSSELL,  Frankfort,  was  appointed  second  sergeant,  Sept. 
13,  1861;  was  detailed  as  telegraph  operator  for  Gen.  Breckin- 
ridge,  December,  1861,  and  served  in  that  capacity  till  September, 
1864,  when  he  returned  to  the  company  and,  when  on  duty,  was 
with  the  dismounted  detachment  till  the  surrender.  Now  (1898) 
a  citizen  of  Texas. 

THOMAS  T.  PRICE,  Frankfort,  was  appointed  third  sergeant,  Sept. 
13,  1 86 1.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  In 
trenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  at  Jonesboro' ;  and  was  captured 
at  the  latter  place,  July  22,  1864. 

SAMUEL  W.  SHANNON,  Frankfort,  was  appointed  fourth  sergeant, 
Sept.  13,  1861.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and  Baton  Rouge; 
and  was  transferred  to  Byrne's  Light  Artillery,  December,  1862. 

ALFRED  CLARKE,  Bardstown,  was  appointed  fifth  sergeant,  Sept. 
13,  1861.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Resaca,  Jonesboro',  and 
in  the  mounted  engagements.  Now  (1898)  a  citizen  of  Indianap 
olis,  Ind. 

GEORGE  W.  LAWLER,  Frankfort,  was  appointed  first  corporal, 
Sept.  13,  1861.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chick 
amauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ; 
from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  and  at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment 
Creeks.  He  was  wounded  and  captured  at  Shiloh ;  was  also 
wounded  at  Stone  River,  and  other  places — receiving  in  all  five 
shots,  that  had  the  effect  of  disabling  him,  in  a  measure,  for  life. 

WILLIAM  T.  PRICE,  Frankfort,  was  appointed  second  corporal, 
Sept.  13,  1 86 1.  Had  a  leg  broken  in  August,  1861,  by  a  fall 
from  a  horse,  which  disabled  him  from  infantry  service,  and  he  was 
therefore  transferred  to  First  Kentucky  Cavalry,  October,  1862. 

S.  S.  STRINGFELLOW,  Covington,  was  appointed  third  corporal, 
Sept.  13,  1861.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Re 
saca,  and  Jonesboro',  and  was  captured  at  the  latter  place.  He 
was  wounded  at  Chickamauga. 

JOHN  ELLIS,  Covington,  was  appointed  fourth  corporal,  Sept.  13, 
1 86 1.  Was  left  sick  at  Nashville,  February,  1862,  but  after  hav 
ing  recovered  he  escaped  from  the  enemy  and  joined  Morgan's 
cavalry  ;  was  afterward  elected  a  second  lieutenant,  and  continued 
to  serve  that  command. 


654  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

M.  B.  GRAHAM,  Lexington,  was  one  of  the  regimental  musicians, 
and  generally  served  in  that  capacity,  but  fought  at  Shiloh. 

JOHN  H.  ADDINGTON,  Norfolk,  Va.,  fought  at  Shiloh;  was 
wounded  and  captured,  and  afterward  died  in  prison  at  Louisville, 
1862. 

JOSEPH  C.  BAILEY,  Versailles,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta; 
at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days  at 
Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  promoted 
from  the  ranks,  July  28,  1864,  to  first  lieutenant  and  adjutant 
Fourth  Regiment. 

BENJAMIN  BAXTER,  Franklin  County,  fought  at  Shiloh;  was 
wounded  and  captured  there,  but  rejoined  the  company  after  hav 
ing  been  exchanged  and  fought  at  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chicka 
mauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  was  again  wounded 
at  the  latter  place,  but  recovered  and  served  with  the  dismounted 
detachment  during  the  cavalry  operations. 

ALBERT  BARNETT,  Owen  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  and  Jackson ;  was  accidentally  drowned 
in  the  Alabama  River,  August,  1863. 

JAMES  BOHANNON,  Louisville,  was  transferred  to  Graves's  Bat 
tery,  October,  1861. 

E.  B.  BROWN,  Lexington,  fought  with  the  Fourth  Regiment  at 
Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  and  Stone  River ;  was  transferred  to 
Co.  B,  Second  Regiment,  April  27,  1863. 

JOHN  R.  BOYETTE,  Versailles,  fought  at  Vicksburg  and  Baton 
Rouge,  and  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  Aug.  5,  1862. 

JAMES  BURNETT,  Scott  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and 
Baton  Rouge;  died  of  disease  on  Comite  River,  Aug.  n,  1862. 

JOHN  TV  CARDWELL,  Franklin  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicks 
burg,  Baton  Rouge,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga ;  was  wounded 
at  the  latter  place;  fought  also  at  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peach- 
tree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days,  at  Jonesboro', 
and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

JOSEPH  COLE,  Franklin  County,  fought  at  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Re 
saca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrench 
ment  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the 
mounted  engagements.  During  the  first  years  of  the  war  he  was 
employed  in  various  detail  service.  Died  in  Louisville,  January, 
1898. 

ROBERT  W.  COLEMAN,  Louisville,  fought  at  Baton  Rouge  and 
Resaca. 

•GEORGE  A.  CROCKETT,  Franklin  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  ;  was 
discharged,  June  15,  1862,  on  account  of  disability  by  disease, 
and  afterward  joined  Morgan's  cavalry. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  655 

JAS.  G.  CROCKETT,  Franklin  County,  fought  at  Shiloh;  was  ap 
pointed  sergeant,  May  i,  1862;  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Jackson, 
and  Chickamauga;  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place;  fought  at 
Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from 
Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment  and  Utoy  Creeks; 
and  at  Jonesboro',  where  he  was  disabled  for  life  by  the  loss  of  a 
leg,  Aug.  31,  1864.  Died  May  20,  1885. 

JAMES  CLOUD,  Kenton  County,  fought  at  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
and  Chickamauga. 

JAMES  W.  CURRY,  Scott  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta, at  Peachtree  and 
Intrenchment  Creeks;  was  wounded  and  captured  at  the  latter 
place,  and  died  in  prison.  He  was  also  wounded  at  Shiloh  and 
Mission  Ridge. 

SOUTHEY  W.  DARNELL,  Woodford  County,  was  transferred  from 
the  Fourth  Missouri  Infantry,  May,  1862,  and  fought  at  Vicks 
burg,  Baton  Rouge,  and  Stone  River;  was  wounded  at  the  latter 
place;  fought  at  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at 
Peachtree  Creek,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days  at 
Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

E.  R.  DAWSON,  Woodford  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca,  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peach- 
tree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro', 
and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

W.  H.  DAWSON,  Woodford  County,  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas  ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta  ;  and  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment, 
and  Utoy  Creeks. 

JOHN  H.  DEMAR,  Paducah,  was  transferred  to  Graves'  Battery, 
October,  1861. 

WILLIAM  DUNN,  Woodford  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was 
wounded  there ;  fought  also  at  Vicksburg  and  Baton  Rouge,  and 
was  killed  by  falling  from  the  cars  near  Holly  Springs,  Miss., 
1862. 

CORNELIUS  DUVALL,  Franklin  County,  fought  at  Shiloh. 

JAMES  DANT,  Bardstown,  was  discharged  on  account  of  disability 
by  disease,  Aug.  20,  1861. 

JOHN  ELLISON,  Woodford  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Vicks 
burg  ;  was  discharged  on  account  of  disability  by  disease,  July 
18,  1862,  and  died  at  Castilian  Springs,  Miss.,  shortly  afterward. 

J.  K.  EXUM,  Franklin  County,  was  appointed  corporal.  April  i, 
1862  ;  was  wounded  in  battle  at  Shiloh  and  captured,  and  died  in 
prison  at  Louisville,  1862. 


656  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

DAN  C.  GRAVES,  Franklin  County,  was  wounded  in  battle  at  Shi 
loh,  and  disabled  for  life. 

J.  J.  GRAVES,  Franklin  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga;  was  killed  at 
the  latter  place,  Sept.  20,  1863. 

JOSEPH  GEORGE,  Lexington,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh,  April 
7,  1862. 

WALLER  W.  HAWKINS,  Franklin  County,  fought  at  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to 
Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both 
days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

WM.  K.  HAWKINS,  Woodford  County,  was  appointed  corporal, 
April  i,  1862;  was  promoted  to  sergeant,  May,  i,  1862;  fought 
at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and 
Chickamauga;  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  Sept.  20,  1863. 

DENNIS  HALEY,  Franklin  County,  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  and  Stone  River;  was  captured  at  the  latter  place,  but 
was  exchanged,  and  rejoined  the  company  in  March  following; 
fought  at  Jackson ;  was  again  captured  at  Tyner's  Station,  Nov. 
26,  1863,  and  died  in  prison. 

ANDREW  J.  HALL,  Covington,  was  wounded  at  Shiloh,  and  was 
discharged  on  account  of  disability,  July  16,  1862. 

H.  HANCOCK,  Scott  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  was  wounded 
there ;  fought  at  Vicksburg  and  Baton  Rouge ;  was  again 
wounded  at  the  latter  place,  and  disabled,  and  was  afterward 
placed  on  the  list  of  retired  soldiers. 

W.  H.  HIERONYMOUS,  Franklin  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and 
was  captured  there,  but  rejoined  the  company  after  the  exchange, 
and  fought  at  Stone  River,  where  he  was  again  wounded;  fought 
at  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas,  and  was  wounded 
again  at  the  latter  place,  May  28,  1864. 

WM.  HOWE,  Franklin  County,  was  not  enlisted  until  1863;  fought  at 
Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas,  and  was  wounded  in 
the  latter  engagement.  No  other  facts  known  to  the  writer. 

CHAS.  HOWE,  Franklin  County,  fought  at  Shiloh;  was  wounded 
and  captured  there;  fought  also  at  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and 
Chickamauga,  and  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  Sept.  20,  1863. 

ANDREW  J.  HULL,  Owen  County,  was  transferred  from  a  cavalry 
command  in  1863,  and  fought  at  Jackson ;  died  of  disease  in  April, 
1864. 

Z.  R.  HUTCHINSON,  LaRue  County,  was  tranferred  from  a  cav 
alry  command,  1863,  and  fought  at  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mis 
sion  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas  ;  was  wounded 
at  the  latter  place,  but  recovered  and  took  part  in  the  mounted 
engagements. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  657 

HARRISON  HULCEE,  Louisville,  was  discharged  on  account  of 
disability  by  disease,  July  18,  1862. 

PADDY  HUDSON,  Scott  County,  was  left  sick  in  Bowling  Green, 
February,  1862,  and  was  not  afterward  heard  of. 

GEO.  W.  JOHNSON,  Scott  County.     (See  biography.) 

JAMES  K.  JOHNSON,  Galloway  County,  was  discharged  on  account 
of  disability  by  disease,  November,  1861. 

DODDRIDGE  JETT,  Franklin  County,  was  captured  at  Shiloh, 
April  7,  1862,  and  died  of  disease  at  Camp  Chase  some  time  aft 
erward. 

WM.  L.  JETT,  Franklin  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was  captured 
there;  rejoined  the  company  after  having  been  exchanged,  and 
fought  at  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga;  was  wounded 
at  the  latter  place ;  fought  at  Rocky  Face  Ridge  and  Resaca ;  was 
severely  wounded  in  the  head  at  the  latter  place,  and  was  after 
ward  on  detached  service,  having  been  disabled  by  wound  for 
duty  in  the  ranks.  He  was  one  of  the  sergeants  of  the  company. 

B.  MAHONEY,  Lexington,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Vicksburg,  and  was 
discharged,  December,  1862. 

J .  R.  McLEAN,  Galloway  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Resaca,  and  in 
the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  wounded  at  Resaca,  May 
14,  1864. 

CHARLES  McFARLANE,  Owen  County,  fought  at  Shiloh. 
LEVIN  McFARLANE,  Owen  County,  fought  at  Shiloh. 

DENNIS  McSWANEY,  Frankfort,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  and  Stone  River. 

JAMES  MOORE,  Woodford  County,  fought  at  Shiloh;  was  wounded 
and  captured  there,  April  7,  1862,  and  afterward  died  in  prison 
of  his  wound. 

l-'RANK  A.  MONROE,  Frankfort,  was  discharged  on  account  of 
disability  by  ill  health,  also,  being  under  age,  March,  1862. 

J  liSSE  R.  MIDDLETON,  Franklin  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicks 
burg,  Baton  Rouge,  and  Stone  River;  was  killed  at  the  latter 
place,  Jan.  2,  1863. 

WILLIAM  W.  MENZIES,  Franklin  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at 
Shiloh,  April  7,  1862. 

THOMAS  MUNSON,  Covington,  was  left  sick  in  Nashville,  Febru 
ary,  1862,  and  was  not  afterward  heard  of. 

JOHN  W.  MULLEN,  Frankfort,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was  wounded 
there;  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas ;  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  but  recovered,  and  took 
part  in  the  engagement  at  Intrenchment  Creek,  where  he  was 
captured,  July  22,  1864. 

SAMUEL  NORRIS,  Covington,  was  captured  at  Shiloh,  April  7, 
1862,  and  afterward  escaped  into  Canada. 


658  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

TIMOTHY  PITTS,  Prince  George  County,  Md.,  fought  at  Shiloh, 
Stone  River,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  was 
wounded  at  the  latter  place,  but  fought  at  Peachtree,  Intrench- 
ment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the 
mounted  engagements. 

ROBERT  R.  PARSONS,  Franklin  County,  was  wounded  in  battle 
at  Shiloh;  fought  also  at  Stone  River,  where  he  received  a  wound 
in  the  head.  He  was  the  hospital  steward  of  the  regiment. 

JOHN  W.  PLATTE,  Washington  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shi 
loh,  April  7,  1862. 

SAMUEL  RODGERS,  Owen  County,  fought  at  Stone  River. 

RANDOLPH  RAILEY,  Jr.,  Versailles,  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta; 
at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at 
Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  wounded 
at  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Chickamauga,  and  Intrenchment 
Creek.  Died  in  Versailles,  May  5,  1882. 

COLUMBUS  ROBERTS,  Henry  County,  was  transferred  from 
Byrne's  Battery,  December,  1862,  and  was  killed  at  Stone  River, 
Jan.  2,  1863. 

THOMAS  J.  SURRAN,  Newport,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree, 
Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creek;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in 
the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  wounded  at  Stone  River  and 
Chickamauga. 

JAMES  L.  SCOTT,  Woodford  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga;  was 
wounded  at  the  latter  place;  fought  at  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchmem,and 
Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  en 
gagements.  He  was  one  of  the  sergeants  of  the  company  after 
September,  1864. 

JAMES  T.  TOWLES,  Henderson,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Stone  River,  and  Jackson  ;  was  captured  near  Tyner's  Station, 
1863,  and  died  in  prison. 

JAMES  TALBOTT,  Scott  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga. 

WILLIAM  S.  THOMASSON,  Scott  County,  was  transferred  to  Mor 
gan's  cavalry,  November,  1862. 

R.  D.  TWYMAN,  Woodford  County,  died  of  disease  at  Oakland  Sta 
tion,  February,  1862. 

ANDREW  J.  WITT,  Franklin  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg. 
and  Stone  River.  Was  transferred  to  Co.  C,  First  Kentucky 
Cavalry,  Jan.  20,  1863. 

JOHN  WELLS,  Louisville,  was  left  sick  in  Nashville,  February,  1862, 
and  is  supposed  to  have  died  there. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  659 

JAMES  S.  WHITTINGTON,  Woodford  County,  was  appointed  ser 
geant,  December,  1862.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  and  Stone  River;  was  mortally  wounded  at  the  latter 
place,  Jan.  2,  1864,  and  died  shortly  afterward.  He  was  also 
wounded  at  Shiloh.  After  the  battle  of  Stone  River,  he  was 
awarded  medal  of  honor  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  on 
that  field. 

E.  H.  WHITTINGTON,  Woodford  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicks 
burg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  and  at  Jackson  ;  was  wounded 
at  the  latter  place ;  fought  also  at  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at 
Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks  ;  both  days  at  Jones- 
boro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  one  of  the  ser 
geants  of  the  company  after  September,  1864. 

WILLIAM  T.  WHITTINGTON,  Woodford  County,  fought  at  Shiloh, 
and  was  wounded  there;  fought  also  at  Vicksburg,  Stone  River, 
Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas  ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and 
Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  en 
gagements.  He  was  one  of  the  corporals  of  the  company  after 
September,  1864. 

I).  C.  WHITE,  Woodford  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and 
Baton  Rouge.  Was  discharged  on  account  of  disability  by  dis 
ease,  August,  1863,  but  rejoined  in  March,  1864,  and  remained 
in  service  till  the  close  of  the  war. 

WILLIAM  J.  WATKINS,  Franklin  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicks 
burg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga ; 
was  awarded  medal  of  honor  for  distinguished  gallantry  at  the  lat- 
tor  place;  fought  at  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas  :  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta  ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment, 
and  Utoy  Creeks ;  and  both  days  at  Jonesboro' ;  was  killed  at  the 
latter  place,  Sept.  i,  1864. 

ROBERT  H.  WILLIAMS,  Marshall,  Tex.,  was  appointed  color- 
bearer,  September,  1861  ;  was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant  and 
adjutant,  April  7,  1862.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta; 
at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks ;  was  mortally  wounded  at 
the  latter  place,  July  22,  and  died  July  26,  1864. 


COMPANY  F,  FOURTH  REGIMENT. 

JOHN  A.  ADAIR,  Greensburg,  was  elected  captain,  Sept.  13,  1861  ; 
was  promoted  to  major,  Jan.  12,  1863;  to  lieutenant-colonel, 
Feb.  28,  1863.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  where  he  was  dangerously 
wounded  in  the  head,  but  rejoined  the  command  and  fought  at 
Stone  River  and  Jackson.  He  resigned,  Aug.  31,  1863,  on  ac 
count  of  ill  health,  induced  by  the  wound  received  at  Shiloh, 
having  never  afterward  been  really  able  for  field  duty. 


660  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

HENRY  C.  IRVINE,  Columbia,  was  elected  first  lieutenant,  Sept. 
13,  1861;  died  of  disease  at  Nashville,  Nov.  5,  1861. 

JOHN  B.  MOORE,  Greensburg,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, Sept. 
13,  1861  ;  was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant,  Nov.  10,  1861 ;  and 
to  captain,  Feb.  12,  1863.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Eaton 
Rouge,  and  Stone  River;  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place; 
fought  also  at  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree 
and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted 
engagements.  He  was  also  severely  wounded  in  battle  at  Shiloh. 

JOHN  BARNETT,  Greensburg,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
Sept.  13,  1861 ;  was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant,  Feb.  12,  1863. 
Fought  at  Stone  River,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peach- 
tree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks;  and  in  the  cavalry  engagements 
till  March,  1865,  when  he  was  sent  into  Kentucky  with  recruiting 
orders,  and  was  thus  engaged  when  the  war  closed. 

WILLIAM   A.  SMITH,  Green  County,  was  elected  second  lieuten 
ant,  Nov.  17,  1861.     Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge 
Stone   River,    Jackson,   Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas  . 
from   Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy 
Creeks;  and  both  days  at  Jonesboro'.     During  the  cavalry  opera 
tions,  he  served  with  the  dismounted  detachment. 

GEORGE  HECTOR  BURTON,  Adair  County,  was  elected  second 
lieutenant,  April  i,  1863,  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Mission  Ridge; 
was  placed  in  command  of  sharpshooters  at  Dalton,  and  fought 
at  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  was  engaged  almost 
daily  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  fought  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment, 
and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted 
engagements.  Was  once  awarded  medal  of  honor  for  g-allant  and 
meritorious  conduct.  (See  account  of  the  sharpshooters.) 

WILLIAM  L.  SMITH,  Greensburg,  was  appointed  first  sergeant, 
Sept.  13,  1861 ;  was  discharged  on  account  of  lameness,  induced 
by  disease,  July  22,  1862. 

WILLIAM  B.  MOORE,  Greensburg,  was  appointed  second  ser 
geant,  Sept.  13,  1 86 1 ;  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Chickamauga,  Mis 
sion  Ridge,  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  one  of 
the  McMinnville  Guard,  in  the  spring  of  1863  ;  was  frequently 
precluded,  by  ill  health  during  the  war,  for  duty  on  the  field. 

WILLIAM  SAULSBURY,  Maryland,  was  appointed  third  sergeant, 
Sept.  13,  1861.  Died  of  disease  at  Nashville,  Nov.  17,  1861. 

ADAIR  WAGGONER,  Greensburg,  was  appointed  fourth  sergeant, 
Sept.  13,  1861.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and  Baton  Rouge. 
Died  of  disease  at  Magnolia,  Miss.,  Sept.  18,  1862. 

M.  N.  STONE,  Wayne  County,  was  appointed  fifth  sergeant,  Sept. 
13,  1861.  Fought  at  Shiloh  with  this  regiment,  and  was  then 
transferred,  May  15,  1862,  to  Capt.  Roberts'  company  of  cavalry. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  661 

GEORGE  D.  JOHNSTON,  Taylor  County,  was  appointed  first  cor 
poral,  Sept.  13,  1861,  and  was  promoted  to  first  sergeant,  April 
i,  1863.  Fought  at  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to 
Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both 
days  at  Jonesboro',  and  served  with  the  dismounted  detachment 
during  the  cavalry  operations. 

E.  P.  RUDD,  Greene  County,  was  appointed  second  corporal,  Sept. 
13,  1861.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta; 
at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days  at 
Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

JOHN  P.  GAFFORD,  Bowling  Green,  was  appointed  third  corporal, 
Sept.  13,  1 86 1. 

R.  P.  DURHAM,  Taylor  County,  was  appointed  fourth  corporal, 
Sept.  13,  1 86 1.  Fought  at  Shiloh.  Was  discharged  on  account 
of  disability  by  disease,  July  22,  1862. 

WINSTON  B.  ANDERSON,  Greene  County,  was  discharged  on  ac 
count  of  disability  by  disease,  July  22,  1862. 

JO  A.  ATKINS,  Columbia,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment, 
and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted 
engagements. 

JOHN  BLAKEMAN,  Greene  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  where  he 
was  wounded  ;  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chick 
amauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas; 
from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy 
Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engage 
ments.  He  was  one  of  the  McMinnville  Guard,  in  the  spring  of 
1863. 

MILTON  BLAKEMAN,  Greene  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shi 
loh,  April  6,  1862. 

DANIEL  BLAKEMAN,  Greene  County,  was  not  enlisted  till  Sept. 
17,  1862.  Died  of  disease  at  Murfreesboro',  Jan.  15,  1863. 

JAMES  G.  BRYANT,  Adair  County,  fought  at  Baton  Rouge,  Stone 
River,  and  Chickamauga;  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  Sept.  20, 
1863. 

NAT  GAITHER  BRYANT,  Adair  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicks 
burg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree, 
Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks  ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in 
the  mounted  engagements. 

THOMAS  BARLOW,  Taylor  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
and  Stone  River ;  was  captured  at  the  latter  place,  but  rejoined 
the  company  after  having  been  exchanged,  and  fought  at  Chicka 
mauga,  where  he  was  killed,  Sept.  20,  1863. 


662  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

JAMES  BARNETT,  Greene  County,  was  wounded  in  battle  at  Shi- 
loh,  at  died,  May  i,  1862. 

RICHARD  W.  BOWLING,  Hart  County,  was  appointed  third  ser 
geant,  April  i,  1863.  Fought  at  Chickamauga,  having  been  pre 
vented  by  ill  health  from  taking  part  in  the  earlier  engagements; 
fought  at  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to 
Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  and  at 
Jonesboro' ;  was  killed  in  the  charge  at  the  latter  place,  Aug.  31, 
1864. 

JESSE  BOSTON,  Wayne  County,  fought  at  Shiloh. 

HUGH  B.  BARKER,  Alabama,  was  not  enlisted  till  March  19, 
1863.  Fought  at  Jackson. 

THEODORE  COWHERD,  Taylor  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta, 
and  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks.  He  was  se 
verely  wounded  at  Shiloh,  slightly  at  Resaca,  and  lost  right  arm, 
July  22,  1864,  at  Intrenchment  Creek. 

JOHN  P.  CROUDUS,  Taylor  County,  was  discharged  on  account  of 

disability  by  disease,  July  20,  1865. 

MATT  CHAMPION,  Ireland,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh. 

WM.  CRUMPTON,  Greene  County,  died  of  disease  at  Nashville, 
Dec.  7,  1861. 

TOBEY  COFFEY,  Wayne  County,  died  of  disease  at  Bowling  Green, 
Nov.  5,  1861. 

CHAS.  T.  COX,  Greensburg,  was  appointed  fourth  sergeant,  Nov. 
15,  1 86 1.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  where  he  was  wounded  and  cap 
tured. 

JAMES  W.  CASTILLO,  Wayne  County,  was  appointed  third  ser 
geant,  May  i,  1863.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and  Stone 
River;  during  the  campaign  of  1864  he  was  badly  crippled,  but 
returned  to  duty  as  soon  as  able,  and  took  part  in  all  the  mounted 
engagements. 

FRANC  M.  DAFRAN,  Wayne  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  where  he 
was  severely  wounded  in  the  arm  and  leg ;  was  discharged  in  con 
sequence  of  it,  July  22,  1862. 

JOHN  DAFRAN,  Wayne  County,  was  discharged  on  account  of  dis 
ability  by  disease,  July  22,  1862. 

MORGAN  DAFRAN,  Wayne  County,  died  of  disease  at  Nashville, 
Nov.  10,  1861. 

E.  L.  DOBSON,  Greene  County,  fought  at  Baton  Rouge,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  was 
wounded  in  a  skirmish  at  Pine  Mountain,  June  21,  1864,  but  re 
covered  and  took  part  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

WM.  DARNELL,  Greene  County,  was  discharged  on  account  of  dis 
ability  by  disease,  May  25,  1862. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  (563 

M.  L.  DAVIS,  Greene  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg  and  Stone 
River ;  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place.  Died  of  disease,  Sept. 
15,  1863. 

JOHN  A.  GENTT,  New  Orleans,  La.,  fought  at  Baton  Rouge,  Jack 
son,  and  Chickamauga. 

I,.  T.  -HATCHER,  Greene  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Stone  River,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree  and 
Intrenchment  Creeks;  was  captured  at  the  latter  place,  July  22, 
1864. 

JOHN  HARNESS,  Wayne  County,  fought  at  Shiloh. 

FRANK  HOLLIDAY,  Adair  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh, 
April  6,  1862. 

A.  J.  HALL,  Taylor  County,  was  appointed  corporal,  April  i, 
1862;  was  promoted  to  third  sergeant,  Sept.  i,  1864  ;  fought  at 
Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree, 
Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks  ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in 
the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  wounded  at  Jonesboro', 
Sept.  i,  1864. 

EDWARD  HICKMAN,  Davidson  County,  Tenn.,  enlisted  at  Barnes- 
ville,  Ga. ,  Sept.  9,  1874,  and  took  part  in  the  subsequent  engage 
ments. 

E.  HAM,  Wayne  County,  enlisted  Nov.  29,  1862,  and  fought  at 
Chickamauga. 

JESSE  JOHNSON,  Taylor  County,  fought  at  Baton  Rouge. 

C.  H.  JOHNSON,  Taylor  County,  fought  at  Stone  River,  and  was 
wounded  there.  Died  of  disease  at  Beech  Grove,  May  3,  1863. 

ANDREW  KELLY,  Greene  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Stone  River,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  In 
trenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in 
the  mounted  engagements. 

THOMAS  KELLY,  Lexington,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment, 
and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  participated  in 
the  cavalry  operations,  sometimes  in  the  ranks,  sometimes  with 
the  party  of  scouts. 

W.  D.  LATIMER,  Taylor  County,  was  wounded  in  battle  at  Shiloh; 
died  of  disease  at  Grenada,  Miss.,  Sept.  10,  1862. 

K.  B.  MARSHALL,  Greene  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Stone  River,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas 
to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both 
days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  cavalry  engagements. 

HENRY  MARSHALL,  Greensburg,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh, 
April  7,  1862. 


664  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

SAMUEL  MARSHALL,  Taylor  County,  was  generally  incapacitated 
by  ill  health  for  duty  in  the  ranks,  and  was  therefore  employed  as 
teamster,  but  fought  at  Baton  Rouge. 

SAMUEL  McKINNEY,  Adair  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shi- 
loh,  April  6,  1862. 

JOSEPH  MAYZE,  Greene  County,  died  of  disease  at  Nashville,  Dec. 
5,  1861. 

MARK  O.  MOORE,  Greensburg,  enlisted  at  the  age  of  twelve  years, 
and  was  the  ' '  drummer  boy  "  of  the  Fourth  Regiment,  until  April 
9,  1864,  when  he  was  discharged. 

JAMES  W.  NELSON,  Adair  County,  was  appointed  corporal,  May 
2,  1863.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  In- 
trenchment  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro,  and  in  the 
mounted  engagements.  Was  wounded  below  Camden,  April,  1 865, 
in  the  last  fight  in  which  the  company  took  part.  (See  Incidents 
and  Anecdotes,  page  104.) 

JOSEPH  NICHOLS,  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  enlisted  Oct.  9,  1862,  after 
having  served  a  year  in  Wheat's  Louisiana  Battalion  ;  was  ap 
pointed  corporal,  Sept.  i,  1864.  Fought  with  the  Fourth  Regi 
ment  at  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at 
Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jones 
boro',  and  was  only  prevented  from  taking  part  in  all  the  mounted 
engagements  by  want  of  skill  in  horsemanship,  having  never  been 
taught  to  ride.  He  brought  off  the  colors  from  the  field  at  Stone 
River,  after  three  standard  bearers  had  been  shot,  and  was  awarded 
medal  of  honor  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct. 

WM.  F.  PETTUS,  Taylor  County,  was  appointed  corporal,  Dec.  17, 
1862.  Fought  at  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to 
Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  was 
killed  at  the  latter  place,  Aug.  6,  1864. 

R.  R.  PEEBLES,  Columbia,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Stone 
River,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and 
Resaca;  was  captured  at  the  latter  place,  but  returned  to  the  com 
mand  at  Newberry,  S.  C.,  and  took  part  in  the  subsequent  opera 
tions. 

THOMAS  PETTUS,  Taylor  County,  died  of  disease  at  Burnsville, 
Miss.,  April  10,  1862. 

JAMES  PIERCE,  Hart  County,  was  a  member  of  the  Second  Regi 
ment,  but  escaped  capture  at  Donelson,  and  fought  with  this  com 
pany  at  Shiloh,  where  he  was  badly  wounded.  After  his  own 
regiment  was  exchanged,  he  rejoined  it  at  Murfreesboro. 

A.  J.  RUSSELL,  Wayne  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  where  he  was 
captured,  and  at  Resaca,  where  he  was  wounded ;  and  took  part 
in  the  cavalry  operations. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  665 

A.  K.   RUSSELL,    Adair  County,   was   appointed  commissary  ser 

geant,  Oct.  11,  1 86 1,  and  was  usually  confined  to  his  official 
duties  till  the  close  of  the  war,  but  took  part  in  some  of  the  en 
gagements. 

DANIEL  RUCKER,  Greene  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  with  this  com 
pany,  and  was  then  transferred,  May  i,  1862,  to  the  Third  Regi 
ment. 

JAMES  READ,  Greene  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh. 
JEFFERSON  SMITH,  Greene  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh. 

D.  L.  SMITH,  Greene  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Jackson;  was 
detailed  for  duty  in  the  division  commissary,  and  served  there  till 
the  command  was  mounted,  when  he  took  part  in  the  cavalry  en 
gagements. 

H.  T.  SMITH,  Grenee  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was  wounded 
there;  fought  at  Stone  River,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca  and 
Dallas ;  and  was  captured  in  a  skirmish  at  Kenesaw  Mountain, 
June  20,  1864. 

FRANK  STUBBS,  Greene  County,  died  of  disease  at  Nashville,  Dec. 
20,  1861. 

FIELDING  SKAGGS,  Greene  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga  ;  lost  his  left  hand  on  the 
latter  field,  and  was  awarded  medal  of  honor  for  gallant  and  mer 
itorious  conduct. 

B.  B.  SCOTT,  Greensburg,  was  employed  as  assistant  surgeon  soon 

after  having  enlisted,  and  remained  with  the  Fourth  Regiment  in 
that  capacity  till  -Nov.  15,  1862,  having  bravely  discharged  his 
duty  at  Shiloh  and  Baton  Rouge.  (See  Medical  Officers.) 

JOHN  B.  SCOTT,  Taylor  County,  fought  at  Shiloh ;  was  wounded 
and  captured  there,  but  rejoined  the  company  after  having  been 
exchanged,  and  fought  at  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca;  was  killed  at  the 
latter  place,  May  14,  1864. 

A.  H.  THOMPSON,  Taylor  County,  was  appointed  corporal,  Dec. 
19,  1862.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
and  Chickamauga;  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  Sept.  20,  1863. 

ALEXANDER  THOMPSON,  Greene  County,  fought  at  Shiloh, 
Stone  River,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  and  Resaca;  and  took  part  in 
the  mounted  operations.  He  was  wounded  at  both  Shiloh  and 
Resaca. 

JOSEPH  THOMPSON,  Greene  County,  fought  at  Shiloh. 

SAM  TURK,  Adair  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Mission  Ridge; 
after  which  his  health  so  failed  that  he  was  disabled  for  further 
duty  during  the  waj. 

JAMES  TITTLE,  Floyd  County,  Ga.,  was  enlisted  at  Barnesville, 
Ga.,  Sept.  8,  1864,  and  took  part  in  the  subsequent  engagements. 


666  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

H.  T.  WILLOCK,  Taylor  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  and  Resaca;  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  May  14,  1864. 

WM.  WILSON,  Greene  County,  fought  at  Stone  River  and  Chicka 
mauga.  Died  of  disease  near  Milledgeville,  Ga.,  Feb.  17,  1864. 

MIKE  WHALEN,  Ireland,  fought  at  Stone  River,  and  was  wounded 

there. 
W.  W.  WOODRING,  Greensburg,  fought  at  Shiloh  ;  was  afterward 

disabled  by  disease,  and  was  discharged,  May  5,  1863. 

JOHN  B.  WHITE,  Greene  County,  died  of  disease  at  Murfreesboro', 

March  10,  1862. 
A.  A.  WAGONER,  Greensburg,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Vicksburg. 


COMPANY  G,  FOURTH  REGIMENT. 

JOHN  L.  TRICE,  Trigg  County,  was  elected  captain,  Sept.  13,  1861. 
Fought  at  Shiloh ;  was  wounded  and  captured  there,  but  rejoined 
the  company,  after  having  been  exchanged,  and  fought  at  Stone 
River  and  Jackson.  He  resigned,  July  20,  1863,  on  account  of 
ill  health. 

JOHN  CUNNINGHAM,  Trigg  County,  was  elected  first  lieutenant, 
Sept.  13,  1861.  Fought  at  Shiloh.  Resigned,  June  6,  1862. 

JOHN  F.  BAKER,  Trigg  County,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
Sept.  13,  1861  ;  was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant,  June  6,  1862; 
to  captain,  July  20,  1863.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta; 
at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at 
Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements  up  to  March,  1865, 
when  he  was  sent  into  Kentucky  with  recruiting  orders,  and  was 
on  that  duty  when  the  war  closed. 

FRANC  M.  BAKER,  Trigg  County,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
Sept.  13,  1861.  Fought  at  Shiloh  and  Vicksburg.  Died  of  dis 
ease  at  Greensboro',  Louisiana,  Aug.  5,  1862. 

ROBERT  W.  MAJOR,  Trigg  County,  was  appointed  second  ser 
geant,  Sept.  13,  1861 ;  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  Jan.  10, 
1863;  promoted  to  first  lieutenant,  July  20,  1863.  Fought  at 
Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca;  was  wounded  at  Resaca, 
May  14,  1864,  but  returned  to  duty,  June  20,  and  skirmished  be 
tween  Kenesaw  Mountain  and  Atlanta;  fought  at  Peachtree,  In 
trenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in 
the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  also  wounded  at  Tyner's  Sta 
tion,  September,  1863,  which  prevented  his  being  present  at 
Chickamauga.  Died  in  Princeton,  Ky.,  Oct.  29,  1891. 

G.  M.  EZELL,  Trigg  County,  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  Jan. 
20,  1863.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and  Baton  Rouge  ;  after 
which  his  health  failed,  and  he  resigned,  Aug.  8,  1863. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  667 

A.  L.  WALLACE,  Trigg  County,  was  appointed  fifth  sergeant,  Sept. 
13,  1861 ;  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  Sept.  30,  1863.  Fought 
at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mis 
sion  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  was  killed  at 
the  latter  place,  May  28,  1864. 

Z.  HUGHES,  Trigg  County,  was  appointed  first  sergeant,  Sept.  13, 
1 86 1.  Fought  at  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky 
Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  Dallas,  and  Kenesaw  Mountain ;  was  cap 
tured  in  a  skirmish  at  the  latter  place,  June  20,  1864,  and  detained 
in  prison  till  after  the  close  of  the  war. 

A.  W.  VVADLINGTON,  Trigg  County,  was  appointed  fourth  ser 
geant,  Sept.  13,  1 86 1.  Died  of  disease  at  Nashville,  Feb.  14, 
1862. 

H.  D.  WALLACE,  Trigg  County,  was  appointed  third  sergeant,  Sept. 
13,  1861.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Ridge, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  In- 
trenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  and  both  days  at  Jonesboro' ;  was 
wounded  and  captured  at  the  latter  place,  and  detained  in  prison 
till  after  the  close  of  the  war. 

ROBERT  DEW,  Trigg  County,  was  appointed  first  corporal,  Sept. 
13,  1861.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca; 
was  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  May  14,  1864.  No  other  facts 
known  to  the  writer. 

W.  W.  DEW,  Trigg  County,  was  appointed  third  corporal,  Sept.  13, 

1 86 1  ;  was  promoted  to  sergeant,  March   16,  1863.     Fought  at 
Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,    Rocky  Face  Gap,    Resaca,   and  Dallas  ;  from  Dallas  to 
Atlanta;    at  Peachtree,    Intrenchment,    and  Utoy  Creeks;  both 
days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  some  of  the  mounted  operations. 

W.  L.  DURRETT,  Trigg  County,  was  appointed  fourth  corporal, 
Sept.  13,  1861.  Fought  at  Shiloh;  was  wounded  and  captured 
there,  and  died  at  Paducah,  May  20,  1862. 

W.  H.  ANDERSON,  Trigg  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  Dallas,  and  Kenesaw  Mountain ;  was  captured  at 
the  latter  place,  and  detained  in  prison  till  the  close  of  the  war. 

W.  A.  AT  WOOD,  Trigg  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Vicksburg; 
was  appointed  corporal,  Jan.  25,  1863;  fought  at  Chickamauga 
and  Mission  Ridge;  was  promoted  to  first  sergeant,  April  18, 
1864;  fought  at  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from 
Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks; 
both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  all  the  mounted  engagements. 
He  was  wounded  at  Jonesboro'. 

TANDY  BATTOE,  Trigg  County,  was  appointed  corporal,  April  13, 

1862  ;  was  promoted  to  first  sergeant,  Nov.  19,  1863.     Fought  at 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 


668  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

Gap,  and  Resaca;  was  wounded  at  Resaca,  but  rejoined  com 
pany  near  Atlanta,  and  fought  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and 
LJ toy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  all  the  mounted 
engagements. 

W.  H.  BRABERRY,  Trigg  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was 
wounded  there ;  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from 
Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks; 
both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  all  the  mounted  engagements. 

J.  W.  BELL,  Trigg  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  Dallas,  and  Kenesaw  Mountain  ;  was  captured  at  the 
latter  place,  June  20,  1864,  and  detained  in  prison  till  the  war 
closed. 

J.  F.  BAKER,  Trigg  County,  was  appointed  sergeant,  July  8,  1863; 
fought  at  Stone  River  and  Jackson;  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to 
Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both 
days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in'the  mounted  engagements  to  Savannah  ; 
when  he  was  disabled  for  further  duty  during  the  war  by  an 
affection  of  the  eyes. 

J.  G.  BAYNHAM,  Trigg  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dal 
las;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtreee,  Intrenchment,  and 
Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  all  the  mounted  en 
gagements. 

LYNN  BOYD,  Trigg  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Vicksburg,  and  in 
the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  appointed  corporal,  March 
2,  1864. 

WILLIAM  T.  BOYD,  Trigg  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  was  mortally  wounded  at  the  latter 
place,  May  28,  and  died  in  Atlanta,  June  6,  1864. 

FRANC  M.  BOUNDS,  Trigg  County,  died  of  disease  at  Bowling 
Green,  Dec.  20,  1861. 

J.  T.  BATT,  Trigg  County,  was  appointed  corporal,  July  8,  1863. 
Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  At 
lanta;  at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks;  was  captured  at 
the  latter  place,  and  remained  in  prison  till  the  close  of  the  war. 

R.  A.  BATT,  Trigg  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree  and 
Intrenchment  Creeks ;  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  and  did 
not  recover  for  further  duty  during  the  war. 

WILLIAM  BRIDGES,  Trigg  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Vicks 
burg  ;  died  of  disease  at  Castilian  Springs,  Miss.,  Sept.  10,  1862. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  669 

M.  C.  CUNNINGHAM,  SR.,  Trigg  County,  fought  at  Baton  Rouge, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  and  Resaca;  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place;  fought  at 
Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment  and 
Utoy  Creeks  ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  all  the  mounted  en 
gagements. 

M.  C.  CUNNINGHAM,  JR.,  Trigg  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  where 
he  was  wounded  and  so  disabled  that  he  was  shortly  afterward 
discharged.  Returned  to  Kentucky,  where  he  measurably  recov 
ered,  and  then  went  to  the  company  at  Beech  Grove,  Tenn. ,  and 
reenlisted.  Was  detailed  as  teamster,  in  which  capacity  he  served 
till  September,  1864,  when  he  entered  the  ranks  and  took  part  in 
the  subsequent  engagements. 

E.  A.  CUNNINGHAM,  Trigg  County,  fought  at  Stone  River,  Jack 
son,  and  Chickamauga  ;  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  but  re 
turned  to  duty  at  Dalton,  and  fought  at  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas :  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment, 
and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  all  the  mounted 
engagements. 

G.  G.  CUNNINGHAM,  Trigg  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  was  wounded  at  Dallas,  but  returned 
to  duty  at  Kenesaw  Mountain,  June  30,  1864,  and  skirmished  be 
tween  that  point  and  Atlanta;  fought  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment, 
and  Utoy  Creeks  ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  all  the  mounted 
engagements. 

ROBERT  CALHOUN,  Trigg  County,  died  of  disease  in  Atlanta, 
Feb.  10,  1862. 

D.  CANNON,  Trigg  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and  Baton 
Rouge;  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  Aug.  5,  1862. 

W.  F.  DEW,  Trigg  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  fought  at  Peachtree  and 
Intrenchment  Creeks ;  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  and  did 
not  participate  in  the  other  engagements  in  consequence  of  it. 

W.  B.  EIDSON,  Trigg  County,  was  appointed  corporal,  Feb.  10, 
1863;  was  promoted  to  sergeant,  Dec.  20,  1863.  Fought  at 
Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chicka 
mauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas; 
from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks; 
was  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  but  returned  to  duty  in  a  short 
time,  and  fought  at  Utoy  Creek,  where  he  was  mortally  wounded, 
Aug.  6,  and  died  at  Griffin,  Ga. ,  Sept.  12,  1864. 

FRANC  M.  FERGUSON,  Trigg  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicks 
burg,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga;  was  wounded  at 
the  latter  place ;  fought  also  at  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
and  Resaca;  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  May  14,  1862. 

J.  O.  FERGUSON,  Trigg  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh, 
April  7,  1862. 


670  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

F.  M.  FERGUSON,  Trigg  County,  was  left  sick  at  Nashville,  Feb 

ruary,  1862,   but  recovered,    and  served   with  the  Second  Ken 
tucky  Cavalry,  C.  S.  A. 

J.  Q.  .FOSTER,  Trigg  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Jackson, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ; 
at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks  ;  both  days  at 
Jonesboro',  and  served  with  the  dismounted  detachment  during 
the  cavalry  operations. 

S.  P.  B.  FAUGHM,  Trigg  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga ;  was  captured  near  Resaca, 
May  13,  1864;  was  supposed  to  have  died  in  prison. 

J.  V.  GANT,  Pendleton  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at 
Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jones 
boro',  and  in  all  the  mounted  engagements. 

M.  GRESHAM,  Trigg  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was  so  badly 
wounded  there  that  he  was  shortly  afterward  discharged;  after 
having  gone  home  and  recovered  in  some  measure,  he  returned 
to  the  command  at  Beech  Grove,  Tenn.,  and  reenlisted;  fought 
afterward  at  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Mission  Ridge;  was  ac 
cidentally  wounded  by  a  comrade  at  the  latter  place,  and  disabled 
for  further  service. 

G.  E.  GRACE,  Trigg  County,  was  generally  incapacitated  by  disease 

for  duty  of  any  kind,  but  fought  at  Stone  River.   Died  at  Jackson, 
Miss.,  Aug.  9,  1863. 

RICHARD  GRACE,  Trigg  County,  was  discharged  on  account  of 
disability  by  disease,  Nov.  20,  1861. 

S.  HODGE,  Trigg  County,  fought  at  Shiloh;  was  discharged  on  ac 
count  of  disability  by  disease,  July  4,  1862. 

F.  M.  HUGHES,  Trigg  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  Dallas,  and  Kenesaw  Mountain ;  was 
captured  at  the  latter  place,  June  20,  1864,  and  was  never  after 
ward  heard  of. 

H.  HUGHES,  Trigg  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  In 
trenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in 
all  the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  wounded  at  Intrenchment 
Creek. 

D.  HALE,  Trigg  County,  was  left  sick  at  Clarksville,  Tenn.,  October, 
1 86 1,  and,  after  having  recovered,  here  joined  a  Tennessee  regi 
ment,  with  which  he  served  during  the  war. 

RILEY  HERALD,  Trigg  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Vicksburg. 
Died  of  disease  at  Amite  City,  La.,  Aug.  5,  1862. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  671 

F.  P.  INGRAM,  Trigg  County,  was  left  sick  at  Nashville,  February, 

1862.  After  having  recovered,  he  joined  Co.  C,  Ninth  Battalion 
Tennessee  Cavalry,  with  which  he  served  during  the  war. 

G.  JOHNSON,    Trigg   County,  fought  at   Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Stone 

River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  In- 
trenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  and  both  days  at  Jonesboro'  ;  was 
captured  at  the  latter  place,  and  did  not  return  in  time  to  partici 
pate  in  the  closing  engagements. 

S.  A.  JEFFERSON,  Trigg  County,  fought  at  Shiloh;  and  was  dis 
charged,  June  25,  1862,  on  account  of  disability  by  disease. 

N.  LYON,  Trigg  County,  fought  at  Baton  Rouge,  and  was  wounded 
there ;  fought  also  at  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree 
and  Intrenchment  Creeks;  was  captured  at  the  latter  place,  and 
never  returned  from  prison. 

J.  T.  LANCASTER,  Trigg  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Re 
saca,  and  Dallas  ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta  ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrench 
ment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  all  the 
mounted  engagements.  He  was  wounded  at  Shiloh,  and  fell  into 
the  hands  of  the  enemy,  and  imprisoned  five  months. 

RICHARD  MAYBERRY,  Trigg  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at 
Shiloh,  April  6,  1862. 

WM.  MEREDITH,  Trigg  County,  fought  at  Baton  Rouge,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  In 
trenchment  Creek,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  both  days  at  Jonesboro' ; 
was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  Sept.  r,  1864. 

G.  W.  MITCHELL,  Trigg  County,  was  not  enlisted  till  March  20, 
1863;  fought  at  Jackson  and  Chickamauga;  was  wounded  at 
the  latter  place  ;  fought  also  at  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  In 
trenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro';  and 
afterward,  did  various  duty  till  the  war  closed. 

J.  F.  PRITCHARD,  Trigg  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas  ;  was  severely  wounded  at  the  latter 
place,  and  disabled  for  further  service  during  the  war. 

RICHARD  POGUE,  Trigg  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was  dis 
charged,  July  20,  1863,  on  account  of  disability  by  disease. 

H.  PHISTER,  Trigg  County,  fought  at  Shiloh ;  was  wounded  there, 
and  was  discharged  in  consequence,  July  24,  1862. 

M.  ROGERS,  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baten 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca;  was  mortally  wounded  at  the 
latter  place,  May  14,  and  died  in  Atlanta,  May  24,  1864. 


672  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

W.  W.  RYAN,  Trigg  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  In- 
trenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in 
all  the  mounted  engagements. 

A.  P.  RUTLEDGE,  Trigg  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Chicka 
mauga;  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place;  fought  also  at  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  was  wounded  again  at  the  latter 
place,  and  disabled  for  further  service. 

D.  RAY,  Trigg  County,  died  of  disease  at  Bowling  Green,  Dec.  20, 

1861. 

R.  P.  SANFORD,  Trigg  County,  was  generally  incapacitated  by  dis 
ease  for  any  field  duty,  and  died  at  Dalton,  Feb.  17,  1863. 

MONROE  SEARS,  Trigg  County,  fought  at  Stone  River,  Rocky  Face 
Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  May 
28,  1864. 

A.  SMITH,  Trigg  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
Dallas,  and  Kenesaw  Mountain ;  was  wounded  in  a  skirmish  at 
the  latter  place,  June,  1864,  and  did  not  recover  for  further  serv 
ice  during  the  war.  He  was  awarded  medal  of  honor  for  gallant 
and  meritorious  conduct  at  Chickamauga. 

WM.  SILLS,  Trigg  County,  fought  at  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peach- 
tree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  and  both  days  at  Jones 
boro'.  During  the  cavalry  operations,  he  was  generally  off  on 
leave,  or  serving  with  dismounted  detachment. 

T.  R.  TYER,  Trigg  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga,  and  was 
wounded  there ;  fought  also  at  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas;  was  captured  at  the  latter  place,  and  did  not  return  in 
time  to  participate  in  the  closing  engagements. 

E.  TIMMONS,  Trigg  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was  discharged 

July  4,  1862,  on  account  of  disability  by  disease. 

A.  C.  THOMAS,  Trigg  County,  was  appointed  sergeant,  Nov.  10, 
1864;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Re 
saca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrench 
ment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  all  the 
mounted  engagements. 

W.  S.  WILLIAMS,  Trigg  County,  fought  at  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  was  after 
ward  detailed  as  teamster,  and  continued  to  serve  in  that  capacity. 

TAYLOR  WALLIS,  Trigg  County,  was  discharged,  Dec.  25,  1861, 
on  account  of  disability  by  disease. 

WALTER  WATKINS,  Edgefield  District,  S.  C.,  was  enlisted  at 
Newberry,  S.  C.,  March  12,  1865,  and  fought  the  troops  of  Pot 
ter  till  the  close. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  673 

H.  WILLIAMSON, Caldwell  County, was  not  enlisted  till  Feb.  10, 1863. 
Fought  at  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree, 
Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro' ;  and 
generally  served  afterward  with  the  dismounted  men. 

J.  B.  WINN,  Trigg  County,  was  not  engaged  in  any  battle,  on  ac 
count  of  age  and  physical  debility,  but  drove  an  ambulance,  and 
did  other  useful  detail  duty,  until  Oct.  10,  1864,  when  he  was 
discharged. 

W.  K.  WALLIS,  Trigg  County,  was  discharged,  Dec.  25,  1861,  on 
account  of  disability  by  disease. 

S.  A.  YARBROUGH,  Trigg  County,  died  of  disease,  Jan.  15,  1862. 


COMPANY  H,  FOURTH  REGIMENT. 

WM.  P.  BRAMLETTE,  Nicholas  County,  was  elected  captain,  Sept. 
13,  1 86 1 ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  and  Stone 
River;  was  mortally  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  Jan.  2,  1863,  re 
ceiving  two  shots  through  the  body;  fell  into  the  hands  of  the 
enemy,  and  died  a  short  time  afterward  in  Nashville. 

JO  LINDEN  ROBERTSON,  Montgomery  County,  was  elected  first 
lieutenant,  Sept.  13,  1861 ;  was  appointed  adjutant,  Nov.  12, 
1861;  was  promoted  to  captain  and  assistant  adjutant-general  on 
the  staff  of  Gen.  Hawes,  May  5,  1862  ;  was  acting  as  assistant  in 
spector-general  on  the  staff  of  Gen.  Breckinridge  during  the  latter 
part  of  the  summer,  1862,  and  was  shortly  afterward  again  as 
signed  to  duty  with  Gen.  Hawes,  in  the  Trans-Mississippi  De 
partment.  Fought  with  the  Kentucky  troops  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
and  Baton  Rouge. 

HUGH  HENRY,  Bourbon  County,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
Sept.  13,  1861 ;  was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant,  May  5,  1862  ;  to 
captain,  Jan.  20,  1863.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  In 
trenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  and  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and 
in  the  mounted  engagements ;  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place, 
Sept.  i,  1864. 

C.  C.  DOOLEY,  Bourbon  County,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
Sept.  13,  1 86 1.  Was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh,  April  7,  1862. 

CHAS.  H.  MYNHIER,  Montgomery  County,  was  appointed  first 
sergeant,  Sept.  13,  1861.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta; 
at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  both  days  at 
Jonesboro'.  After  the  command  was  mounted,  he  was  sent  out  as 
scout,  and  was  murdered  near  Sparta,  Ga.,  Nov.  25,  1864,  by  an 
officer  of  the  Ninth  Michigan  Cavalry.  He  had  up  his  hands  in 
token  of  surrender  when  the  scoundrel  shot  him  dead. 

43 


674  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

JAMES  HARVEY  ORR,  Nicholas  County,  was  appointed  second 
sergeant,  Sept.  13,  1861,  and  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
March  27,  1863.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment, 
and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  both  days  at  Jonesboro'.  During  the 
cavalry  operations,  he  was  generally  with  the  dismounted  detach 
ment. 

SAM  D.  EVERETT,  Montgomery  County,  was  appointed  third  ser 
geant,  Sept.  13,  1861,  and  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  May  i, 
1862.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Jackson,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta; 
at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days  at  Jones 
boro',  and  in  some  of  the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  sent 
into  Kentucky  with  recruiting  orders,  March,  1864,  and  was  there 
when  the  war  terminated. 

BEN  F.  LEE,  Bourbon  County,  was  appointed  fourth  sergeant,  Sept. 
13,  1861,  and  was  afterward  promoted  to  first  sergeant.  Fought 
at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and 
Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  en 
gagements. 

W.  E.  KNOX,  Nicholas  County,  was  appointed  fifth  sergeant,  Sept. 
13,  1 86 1,  and  was  promoted  to  first  sergeant,  1862.  Fought  at 
Shiloh,  and  was  wounded  there  ;  fought  also  at  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  but  recov 
ered,  and  participated  in  the  subsequent  operations,  up  to  the  time 
of  surrender. 

SOLOMON  TRACY,  Montgomery  County,  was  appointed  first  ser 
geant,  Sept.  13,  1 86 1 ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was  wounded  there, 
and  died  from  the  effects  of  it,  at  Castilian  Springs,  Miss.,  during 
the  summer  of  1862. 

BARTHOLOMEW  SULLIVAN,  Cork  County,  Ireland,  was  ap 
pointed  second  corporal,  Sept.  13,  1861  ;  was  promoted  to  second 
sergeant,  1862  ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and  Baton  Rouge; 
was  drowned  in  the  Alabama  River,  Sept.  26,  1862,  having  acci 
dentally  fallen  overboard  the  steamer  "R.  B.  Taney,"  between 
Mobile  and  Montgomery. 

JONATHAN  ATCHISON,  Bath  County,  was  appointed  third  cor 
poral,  Sept.  13,  1.86 1 ;  was  promoted  to  second  sergeant,  1862; 
fought  at  Vicksburg;  was  afterward  transferred  to  cavalry ;  was 
wounded  in  a  skirmish  near  Dalton,  1864,  and  shortly  afterward 
died  from  the  effects  of  it. 

WM.  S.  TROTTER,  Bourbon  County,  was  appointed  fourth  cor 
poral,  Sept.  13,  1861,  and  was  promoted  to  sergeant,  1863; 
fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  and  Mission  Ridge;  was  captured  at  the  latter 
place,  November,  1863,  and  died  in  prison  at  Louisville,  Ky. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  675 

WM.  N.  BALLARD,  Kentucky,  fought  in  most  of  the  engagements 
of  his  company,  and  was  awarded  medal  of  honor  for  gallant  and 
meritorious  conduct  at  Chickamauga. 

WILLIAM  B.  BANTA,  Bourbon  County,  was  mortally  wounded  in 
battle  at  Shiluh,  April  7,  1862  ;  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  enemy, 
and  died  shortly  afterward  at  St  Louis,  Mo. 

PETER  J.  BANTA,  Bourbon  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh, 
April  7,  1862. 

JOSHUA  BARNETT,  Estill  County,  was  captured  in  battle  at  Shi 
loh,  April  7,  1862,  and  died  at  Camp  Chase  of  disease. 

GREEN  B.  BOOTHE,  Bourbon  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicks- 
burg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  and  was  killed 
at  the  latter  place,  May  28,  1864. 

JAMES  BOGARD,  Galloway  County,  was  discharged  by  substitute, 
December,  1862. 

ISRAEL  BRINEGAR,  Estill  County,  died  of  disease  at  Nashville, 
1861. 

GEORGE  BUSH,  Estill  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at 
Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days  at  Jones- 
boro',  and  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  Sept.  i,  1864. 

JOHN  W.  CALL,  Nicholas  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  and  Stone  River;  was  captured  at  the  latter  place. 
No  other  facts  are  known  to  the  writer. 

JOHN  W.  CARLISLE,  Smith  County,  Term.,  fought  at  Shiloh, 
Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dal 
las  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree.  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks, 
and  both  days  at  Jonesboro'.  No  other  facts  are  known  to  the 
writer. 

SAMUEL  CLARKE,  Estill  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
and  Baton  Rouge;  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  Aug.  5,  1862. 

JAMES  COOK,  Nicholas  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at 
Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days  at  Jones 
boro',  and  was  killed  by  a  railroad  accident  in  Georgia,  Septem 
ber,  1864. 

ANDREW  W.  CRAY,  Livingston  County,  Mo,,  died  of  disease  at 
Bowling  Green,  October,  1861. 

A.  D.  CROUCH,  Nicholas  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  At 
lanta,  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days 
at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 


676  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

GEORGE  DAVIS,  Ireland,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Mission 
Ridge.  Died  of  disease  at  Forsythe,  Ga.,  Feb.  6,  1864. 

JAMES  DUROSSETT,  Bath  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
and  Baton  Rouge ;  and  was  shortly  afterward  discharged  on  ac 
count  of  disability  by  disease. 

ROBERT  DOOLEY,  Bourbon  County,  was  transferred  to  Marshall's 
brigade  early  in  1862. 

JEFF  FIELDS,  Mason  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Mission  Ridge. 

ROBERT  FOX,  Estill  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and 
Baton  Rouge.  Died  of  disease  at  Murfreesboro',  Nov.  8,  1862. 

NICK  FRENCH,  Alleghany  County,  Tenn.,  was  dangerously 
wounded  at  Shiloh,  and  disabled ;  and  was  shortly  afterward  dis 
charged. 

MILES  C.  GILLESPIE,  Montgomery  County,  was  discharged  on 
account  of  disease,  1862. 

THOMAS  GLASGOW,  Nicholas  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was 
wounded  there;  fought  also  at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and 
Utoy  Creeks ;  and  both  days  at  Jonesboro'.  Took  part  subse 
quently,  sometimes  with  the  mounted,  sometimes  with  the  dis 
mounted  men. 

RICHARD  GWINN,  Bourbon  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Mission 
Ridge;  was  captured  at  the  latter  place,  November,  1863. 

SAMUEL  GRANT,  Clark  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Vicksburg; 
at  Murfreesboro',  1862-63,  na(^  inflammatory  rheumatism,  and 
being  left  there,  was  captured. 

MALEN  HALL,  Montgomery  County,  was  appointed  corporal,  1862. 
Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment, 
and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted 
engagements. 

PHILIP  HALL,  Montgomery  County,  was  discharged  on  account  of 
disease,  and  died  at  Lauderdale  Springs,  Miss.,  after  having 
started  home,  1862. 

FULTON  HENSLEY,  Madison  County,  was  appointed  corporal, 
1862  ;  was  promoted  to  second  sergeant,  1863;  to  first  sergeant, 
1864.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was  wounded  there  ;  fought  also  at 
Vicksburg  and  Baton  Rouge ;  was  wounded  again  at  the  latter 
place  ;  fought  at  Stone  River,  and  was  again  wounded ;  at  Jack 
son,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta  ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment, 
and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted 
engagements. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  677 

MOSES  J.  HOPKINS,  Nicholas  County,  died  of  disease  at  Nash 
ville,  1862. 

JOSHUA  HOUSE,  Bourbon  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  __ 
Rocky  Face  Gap,   Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta; 
at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  and  both  days  at 
Jonesboro'. 

LANCE  JORDAN,  Madison  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  and  Stone  River;  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place, 
and  died  of  disease  at  Manchester,  Tenn.,  1863. 

JAMES  F.  JORDAN,  Madison  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  At 
lanta  ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days 
at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

JOHN  LOVELL,  Fleming  County,  was  mortally  wounded  in  battle  at 
Shiloh,  and  died  shortly  afterward. 

JOSEPH  LOGAN,  Bourbon  County,  was  discharged  on  account  of 
disability  by  disease,  January,  1862. 

JOHN  MYNHIER,  Morgan  County,  was  wounded  in  battle  at  Shi 
loh,  and  died  at  Castilian  Springs,  Miss.,  shortly  afterward,  from 
the  effects  of  it. 

WILLIAM  McCARTY,  Nicholas  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicks 
burg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  and  Chickamauga. 

TOM  McCABE,  Wexford,  Ireland,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta; 
at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  and  both  days  at 
Jonesboro' ;  and  after  the  command  was  mounted,  he  did  various 
duty  till  the  close  of  the  war. 

JAMES  McIVER,  Ireland,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga;  was  killed  at  the  latter  place, 
Sept.  20,  1863. 

HENRY  CLAY  NORTON,  Nicholas  County,  was  transferred  to  Mis 
souri  infantry,  1862. 

MICHAEL  O'BRIEN,  Limerick,  Ireland,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was 
severely  wounded  there ;  fought  also  at  Baton  Rouge  and  Stone 
River.  Died  of  disease  at  Ringgold,  Ga.,  April  6,  1863. 

DANIEL  O'LAHA,  Waterford,  Ireland,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  At 
lanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  both 
days  at  Jonesboro'.  During  the  cavalry  operations  he  was  with  the 
dismounted  detachment. 

WILLIAM  O'DANIEL,  Limerick,  Ireland,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicks 
burg,  and  Baton  Rouge;  was  severely  wounded  at  the  latter 
place;  after  having  recovered,  he  was  transferred  to  the  Confed 
erate  navy. 


678  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

GREEN  PATRICK,  Johnson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  was  badly  wounded  at  Dallas,  but  re 
covered  and  took  part  in  the  mounted  engagements,  and  was 
again  wounded  at  Savannah,  which  disabled  him  for  further  serv 
ice  during  the  war. 

WM.  PRESSER, ,  was  a  dismounted  cavalryman  who  joined 

Co.  H  at  Manchester,  and  did  faithful  service  to  the  close.     Was 
in  all  the  battles  from  spring  of  1863. 

WILLIAM  REID,  Morgan  County,  was  transferred  to  the  Ninth  Reg 
iment,  1862. 

THOMAS  J.  ROGERS,  Nicholas  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicks 
burg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and 
Mission  Ridge. 

J.  WOOD  SHREWSBURY,  Madison,  Ind.,  was  scarcely  ever  able 
for  any  duty,  being  consumptively  affected,  but  served  through 
out  the  war,  and  took  part  in  several  engagements.  The  names 
of  his  battles  are  not  definitely  known  to  the  writer,  but  he  was 
on  the  field  whenever  he  could  be.  He  died  at  home,  after  the 
close  of  the  war. 

WILLIAM  J.  STONE,  Estill  County  ("Polk  Stone").  Fought  at 
Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chick 
amauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Dallas;  from 
Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks; 
both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  cavalry  engagements. 

FRANC  M.  STONE,  Estill  County,  was  appointed  second  sergeant, 
1863.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was  wounded  there;  fought  also 
at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  was 
wounded  at  Dallas,  but  rejoined  company  and  fought  at  Peach- 
tree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro', 
and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

BEN  F.  SCOTT,  Nicholas  County,  .fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Mission  Ridge. 
Died  of  disease  at  Cassville,  Ga. ,  Jan.  24,  1864. 

JAMES  L.  STITT,  Nicholas  County,  was  discharged  on  account  of 
disability  by  disease,  1862;  and  afterward  served  with  Morgan's 
cavalry. 

ROBT.  J.  STEPHENS,  Fleming  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Mission 
Ridge. 

SIMMS  TYREE,  Clarke  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at 
Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jones 
boro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  IJRIGADE.  679 

JOHN  VAUGHAN,  Estill  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at 
Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days  at  Jones- 
boro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

ELIJAH  VAUGHAN,  Estill  County,  was  usually  employed  in  detail 
service,  being  an  old  man,  but  took  part  in  several  engagements, 
from  the  time  of  enlisting,  December,  1862,  to  the  surrender. 

STEPHEN  VAUGHAN,  Estill  County,  was  discharged  on  account 
of  disability  by  disease,  1862. 

JAMES  WILLIAMS,  Montgomery  County,  fought  at  Shiloh.  Died 
of  disease  at  Tupelo,  Miss.,  June,  1862. 

WILLIAM  WILSON,  Nicholas  County,  died  of  disease  at  Nashville, 

1861. 
BURGESS  WALLS,  Nicholas  County,  died  of  disease  at  Nashville, 

1861. 
ANDREW  J.  WATERS,  Estill  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 

Baton    Rouge,    Stone    River,    Jackson,    Chickamauga,    Mission 

Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca. 

LOT  D.  YOUNG,  Nicholas  County,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
May  i,  1862,  and  was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant,  March  2, 
1863  ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Cap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment, 
and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  at  Jonesboro';  was  severely  wounded  at  the 
latter  place,  Aug.  31,  1864,  and  disabled  for  further  service  during 
the  war. 

JAMES  YOUNG,  Nicholas  County,  died  of  disease  at  Nashville, 
1861. 


COMPANY  I,   FOURTH    REGIMENT. 

THOMAS  W.  THOMPSON,  Louisville.     (See  biography.) 

SAMUEL  T.  FORMAN,  Maysville,  was  elected  first  lieutenant, 
Sept.  13,  1861,  and  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh,  April  7,  1862. 

THO.  B.  DARRAGH,  Maysville,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
Sept.  13,  1861  ;  while  at  Burnsville,  he  was  assigned  to  staff  duty, 
and  served  in  that  capacity  with  Gen.  Breckinridge  and  other 
commanding  officers,  until  Aug.  5,  1863,  when  he  resigned,  hav 
ing  meanwhile  taken  part  in  the  various  battles  in  which  his  com 
mand  had  been  engaged.  He  was  severely  wounded  in  battle  at 
Stone  River,  Jan.  2,  1863. 

ROBT.  DUNN,  Louisville,  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  Sept.  13, 
1861;  was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant,  April  7,  1862;  fought  at 
Shiloh,  where  he  was  wounded ;  fought  also  at  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  and  Stone  River;  was  mortally  wounded  at  the  latter 
place;  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  enemy,  and  died,  Jan.  12,  1863. 


680  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

WM.  PATTERSON,  Louisville,  was  appointed  first  sergeant,  Sept. 
13,  1861 ;  and  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  June  24,  1862; 
fought  at  Shiioh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River, 
Jackson, Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  atPeachtree,  Intrenchment, 
and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  at  Jonesboro',  He  was  wounded  at  In 
trenchment  Creek,  July  22,  and  killed  at  Jonesboro',  Aug.  31, 
1864. 

WM.  H.  LASHBROOK,  Maysville,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
Nov.  23,  1862;  was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant,  April,  1863  ;  to 
captain,  Aug.  5,  1863  ;  fought  at  Shiioh,  where  he  was  wounded; 
fought  also  at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  and  Stone  River;  was 
wounded  at  the  latter  place;  fought  at  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from 
Dallas  to  Atlanta;  atPeachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks; 
both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

ALBERT  S.  SMITH,  Louisville,  was  appointed  third  corporal,  Sept. 
13,  1862,  and  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  Jan.  27,  1864; 
fought  at  Shiioh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jack 
son,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrench 
ment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the 
mounted  engagements. 

C.  A.  SROUFE,  Dover,  was  appointed  fourth  sergeant,  Sept.  13, 
1861,  and  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  Jan.  27,  1864;  fought 
at  Shiioh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas;  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  May  28,  1864. 

JOHN  L.  MARSHALL,  Bourbon  County,  was  appointed  second 
sergeant,  Sept.  13,  1861 ;  was  promoted  to  sergeant-major,  Nov. 
15,  1 86 1,  and  served  in  that  capacity  during  remainder  of  the  war; 
fought  at  Shiioh,  Vicksburg,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  Dallas,  and  other  points. 
His  health,  which  had  never  been  vigorous  during  the  war,  so 
failed  during  this  Georgia  campaign,  that  he  was  unable  to  con 
tinue  in  active  field  service,  and  he  was  assigned  to  duty  in  the 
quartermaster's  department  at  Newnan,  but  soon  rejoined  the 
command,  and  took  part  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

JOHN  P.  BONVILLE,  Louisville,  was  appointed  third  sergeant, 
Sept.  13,  1861.  Died  of  disease  at  Bowling  Green,  Nov.  18, 
1861. 

N.  T.  WHITE,  Louisville,  was  appointed  fifth  sergeant,  Sept.  13, 
1861;  fought  at  Shiioh,  and  was  wounded  there ;  fought  also  at 
Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
and  Mission  Ridge.  Was  transferred  to  the  navy,  April  10,  1864. 

JAMES  REID,  Louisville,  was  appointed  first  corporal,  Sept.  13,  1861, 
and  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiioh,  April  7,  1862. 

J.  L.  STRODE,  Maysville,  was  appointed  second  corporal,  Sept.  13, 
1861;  fought  at  Shiioh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River, 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  681 

Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Re- 
saca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrench- 
ment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  and  both  days  at  Jonesboro'. 

WM.  H.  ALEXANDER,  Maysville,  was  appointed  fourth  corporal, 
Sept,  13,  1861 ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas,  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  In- 
trenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in 
the  mounted  engagements. 

JOHN  T.  BALLAN,  Louisville,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  and  was  captured  near 
Pine  Mountain,  June,  15,  1864. 

JOHN  H.  BLANCH  A  RD,  Mason  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Stone 
River,  and  Chickamauga;  was  severely  wounded  at  the  latter 
place,  and  long  disabled;  and  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  sec 
ond  lieutenant,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  on  that  field, 
and  afterward  served  with  a  cavalry  command  in  Virginia. 

E.  K.  BIRD,  Louisville,  was  wounded  and  captured  at  Shiloh. 

ERNEST  BROSMERE.  Louisville,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh, 
April  6,  1862. 

ED  BUTLER,  Glasgow,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh,  April  7,  1862. 

JAMES  CROSS,  Dover,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge, 
Stone  River,  and  Jackson. 

JOHN  CONELLY,  Ireland,  "Little  Tommie."  He  "wasn't  the 
height  for  a  soldier,"  and  was  generally  employed  on  brigade  staff 
duty. 

TOM  COSGROVE,  Louisville,  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  and  Chickamauga;  and  was  captured,  Nov.  26,  1863. 

('.  C.  CHINN,  Louisville,  was  wounded  and  captured  at  Shiloh,  but 
rejoined  the  company  after  having  been  exchanged,  and  fought  at 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree, 
Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  and  at  Jonesboro'.  He  was 
wounded  at  the  latter  place,  Aug.  31,  1864,  but  took  part  in  the 
mounted  engagements. 

JAMES  CASLEY,  Russellville,  died  of  disease  at  Nashville,  Decem 
ber,  1 86 1. 

W.  H.  DEVIN,  Maysville,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was  wounded  there. 

WM.  G.  DEMPSEY,  Mayslick,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was  so  badly 
wounded  there  as  to  be  disabled  for  further  duty  in  the  ranks  dur 
ing  the  war.  When  able  for  any  service,  he  was  usually  employed 
on  detail,  and  was  one  of  the  brigade  saddlers  at  Newnan  when 
the  war  closed. 

LEWIS  J.  DOOLITTLE,  Louisville,  was  wounded  at  Shiloh,  and 
disabled  for  life,  April  6,  1862. 


682  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

JOHN  W.  BOWEN,  Mount  Carmel,  died  of  disease  at  Nashville, 
November,  1861. 

PETER  FARMHALLS,  Louisville,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was 
wounded  there;  fought  also  at  Vickburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  May  28,  1864. 

JOHN  COOPER,  Lewis  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was  dis 
charged  on  account  of  disability  by  disease,  July,  1862. 

JAMES  T.  GUILLIAM,  Russellville,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was 
wounded  there ;  fought  also  at  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jack 
son,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca; 
lost  his  right  arm  at  the  latter  place,  May  14,  1864. 

ED  B.  GUILLIAM,  Russellville,  was  generally  employed  in  various 
detail  service. 

ALEXANDER  GRANT,  Montgomery  Co.,  Tenn.,  fought  at  Shiloh, 
Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca;  was  captured  at 
the  latter  place,  and  detained  in  prison  till  close  of  the  war. 

ELIAS  GREEN,  Louisville,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga ;  was  killed  at 
the  latter  place,  Sept.  20,  1863. 

JAMES  B.  HARDING,  Louisville,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Baton  Rouge, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  Dallas,  and  Kenesaw  Mountain ;  was  captured  at  the 
letter  place,  June  2oth,  1864. 

GEO.  F.  HALL,  Maysville,  was  an  old  man,  but  fought  gallantly  at 
Shiloh  and  Jackson ;  and  was  with  the  command,  in  performance 
of  light  duty,  whenever  able. 

THOMAS  HICKEY,  Louisville,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was  wounded 
there ;  fought  also  at  Vicksburg  and  Baton  Rouge ;  and  was  killed 
at  the  latter  place,  Aug.  5,  1862. 

THOMAS  HIXON,  Maysville,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh,  April?, 
1862. 

JOHN  D.  JOHNSON,  Louisville,  was  one  of  the  regimental  mu 
sicians;  sometimes  mounted  orderly  ;  and  served  in  various  duty 
throughout  the  war.  He  fought  at  Vicksburg  and  Baton  Rouge; 
and  was  on  the  field  at  Chickamauga  as  orderly  and  courier. 

ROBT.  JONES,  Russellville,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh,  April  6, 
1862. 

JOHN  A.  JAMES,  Maysville,  was  engaged  in  detail  service  through 
out  the  war. 

HENRY  KRAFT,  Louisville,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was  wounded; 
fought  also  at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca;  was 
captured  at  the  latter  place,  but  was  exchanged,  and  took  part  in 
the  engagements  in  South  Carolina. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  683 

TERRENCE  F.  KENNEDY,  Maysville,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga. 

ADRIAN  T.  KENDALL,  Louisville,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  and  Stone  River;  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place, 
but  recovered  and  fought  at  Rocky  Face  Gap  and  Resaca;  was 
again  wounded  at  the  latter  place;  fought  at  Dallas  ;  from  Dallas 
to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks  ;  both 
days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

MICHAEL  LARY,  Maysville,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh,  April  6, 
1862. 

JOHN  W.  MILLER,  Louisville,  was  appointed  ordnance  sergeant, 
September,  1861 ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree, 
Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  at  Jonesboro' ;  was  badly 
wounded  in  the  jaw  at  the  latter  place,  Aug.  31,  1864,  but  recov 
ered  and  took  part  in  all  the  mounted  engagements. 

JOHN  J.  MORFORD,  Maysville,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta; 
at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days  at 
Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

REV.  MR.  MARTIN,  Union  County,  was  transferred  from  Co.  C, 
1 86 1,  and  was  discharged  on  account  of  disability  by  disease, 
1862. 

T.  T.  MORRISON,  Louisville,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ; 
at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  and  both  days  at 
Jonesboro'.  After  the  command  was  mounted,  he  was  transferred 
to  the  Thirty-seventh  Georgia  Infantry,  October,  1864. 

LACY  R.  MITCHELL,  Louisville,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  At 
lanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment  and  Utoy  Creeks;  at  Jones 
boro',  and  in  the  mounted  operations  to  Savannah,  where  he  was 
captured,  Dec.  20,  1864,  and  was  not  released  till  the  close  of 
war.  He  was  wounded  at  Shiloh,  Dallas,  and  Jonesboro'. 

JAMES  W.  MASSEY,  Louisville,  fought  at  Shiloh,  where  he  was 
wounded  and  captured,  April  7,  1862. 

JOHN  H.  MILLER,  Louisville,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh,  April 
7,  1862. 

F.DWARD  McFADDEN,  Louisville,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh, 
April  7,  1862. 

GEORGE  H.  NORTHERN,  Russellville,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shi 
loh,  April  6,  1862. 


684  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

JOHN  W.  OWEN,  Louisville,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge. 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta; 
at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at 
Jonesboro',  and  in  all  the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  captured 
at  the  battle  of  Stone  River,  and  detained  in  prison  about  five 
months. 

L.  G.  OWEN,  Louisville,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh,  April  6, 
1862. 

THOMAS  OWENS,  Maysville,  was  fourth  sergeant  after  Sroufe's 
promotion ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Mission  Ridge.  He  was 
wounded  at  Chickamauga.  On  the  Dalton-Atlanta  campaign  he 
was  one  of  the  corps  of  sharpshooters,  and  was  engaged  nearly 
every  one  of  the  120  days.  (See  elsewhere  an  account  of  the 
services  of  this  detail).  He  also  took  part  in  the  mounted  engage 
ments. 

CLARKE  OWEN,  Louisville,  was  wounded  in  battle  at  Shiloh,  April 
6,  and  died  from  the  effects  of  it,  at  Corinth,  April  28,  1862. 

JOSEPH  OWEN,  Louisville,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh,  April  6, 
1862. 

EDWARD  PRESSON,  Montgomery  County,  Tenn.,  fought  at 
Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chicka 
mauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas; 
from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy 
Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engage 
ments. 

JOHN  M.  PICKETT,  Maysville,  was  appointed  quartermaster  ser 
geant,  Sept.  16,  1861,  and  served  in  that  capacity  during  the  war, 
but  fought  at  Jackson. 

HENRY  W.  RAU,  Louisville,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  Dallas  and  Kenesaw  Mountain ;  was 
wounded  at  the  latter  place,  June,  1864,  but  fought  at  Peach- 
tree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro', 
and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

J.  J.  RYAN,  Maysville,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
.Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peach- 
tree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  both  days  at  Jones 
boro'.  He  was  captured  at  Stockbridge,  November,  1864,  and 
did  not  return  in  time  to  participate  in  the  closing  engagements. 

HOOPER  C.  SWAIN,  Russellville,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Mission 
Ridge;  was  captured  at  Tyner's  Station,  Nov.  26,  1863,  and  did 
not  return  in  time  to  participate  in  the  closing  engagements. 

JOHN  STORDE,  Maysville,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh,  April  6, 
1862. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  685 

JOHN  H.  THOMAS,  Maysville,  was  appointed  commissary-sergeant, 
September,  1861;  fought  at  Shiloh,  where  he  was  wounded; 
fought  also  at  Vicksburg  and  Baton  Rouge.  Died  of  disease,  be 
tween  Knoxville  and  Cumberland  Gap,  Oct,  24,  1862. 

BEN  THOMPSON,  Maysville,  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Mission  Ridge.  He 
was  wounded  at  Stone  River. 

JOHN  P.  TWYFORD,  Greenupsburg,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to 
Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both 
days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  When 
not  engaged  in  active  field  service,  he  was  almost  constantly  on 
duty  at  headquarters  of  regiment  or  brigade  as  clerk. 

LEWIS  VANDEN,  Maysville,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at 
Peachtree  Creek,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  at  Jones 
boro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  wounded  at 
Jonesboro'  and  at  Statesboro'.  After  Ensign  Lindsay  was  killed, 
the  colors  were  borne  by  Lew  Vanden  during  the  remainder  of 
the  war. 

X.  H.  VANFOSSEN,  Dover,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh,  April  6, 
1862. 

JAMES  H.  WALKER,  Maysville,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga;  was 
wounded  at  the  latter  place;  fought  also  at  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  In 
trenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in 
the  mounted  engagements. 


COMPANY   K,    FOURTH   REGIMENT. 

JOSEPH  H.  MILLETT,  Owensboro',  was  elected  captain,  Sept.  13, 
1861,  and  was  promoted  to  major,  Nov.  19,  1863;  fought  at  Shi 
loh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  and  Stone  River,  at  which  latter 
place  he  was  wounded ;  fought  also  at  Jackson  and  Chick 
amauga,  and  was  again  wounded  at  Chickamauga ;  fought  at 
Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas  ;  and  was 
killed  at  Dallas,  May  28,  1864. 

DAVID  C.  HUGHES,  Owensboro',  was  elected  first  lieutenant,  Sept. 
13,  1861  ;  fought  at  Shiloh;  was  afterward  (April  20,  1862,)  as 
signed  to  duty  in  the  commissary  department,  and  continued  to 
serve  there  until  Feb.  i,  1865,  when  he  assumed  command  of  the 
company;  was  but  a  short  time  with  it,  however,  until  he  was 
sent  into  Kentucky  with  recruiting  orders,  and  was  on  that  duty 
when  the  surrender  was  announced. 

THO.  H.  WINSTEAD,  Owensboro'.     (See  Co.  B.) 


686  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

GEORGE  W.  ROGERS,  Owensboro',  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
Sept.  13,  1861,  and  fought  at  Shiloh. 

JOHN  BELL,  Louisport,  was  appointed  first  sergeant,  Sept.  13,  1861, 
and  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  August,  1862.  He  fought  at 
Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and 
Chickamauga ;  and  was  killed  in  the  last  charge  at  the  latier 
place,  Sept.  20,  1863. 

JAMES  C.  BRASHEAR,  Stephensport,  was  appointed  second  ser 
geant,  Sept.  13,  1861.  He  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was  slightly 
wounded  there ;  fought  also  at  Vicksburg,  and  was  some  time  in 
command  of  the  company  during  the  siege  there,  his  officers  being 
absent  sick.  He  afterward  fought  at  Baton  Rouge  and  Stone 
River,  and  on  the  first  of  March,  1864,  was  transferred  to  Mor 
gan's  cavalry,  with  which  he  served  till  the  war  closed.  During 
his  connection  with  the  infantry,  he  was  employed  a  great  portion 
of  his  time  in  the  commissary  department. 

JAMES  HANDLEY,  Daveiss  County,  was  appointed  third  sergeant, 
Sept.  13,  1861  ;  he  was  captured  early  in  1862,  but  escaped,  and 
attached  himself  to  the  Tenth  Kentucky  Cavalry,  with  which  he 
afterward  fought. 

JAMES  THOMPSON,  Daveiss  County,  was  appointed  fourth  ser 
geant,  Sept.  13,  1 86 1 ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga;  was  captured  at  Chicka 
mauga,  and  detained  in  prison  until  just  before  the  termination 
of  the  war. 

WOODFORD  COLLINS,  Breckinridge  County,  was  appointed  fifth 
sergeant,  Sept.  13,  1861  ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was  discharged 
by  substitute,  May  28,  1862. 

HORACE  M.  WATTS,  Owensboro',  was  appointed  first  corporal, 
Sept.  13,  1 86 1  ;  was  promoted  to  first  sergeant,  Nov.  10,  1862, 
and  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  March  20,  1863;  fought  at 
Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chick 
amauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas; 
and  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  May  28,  1864. 

ALBERT  M.  HATHAWAY,  Owensboro',  was  appointed  second 
corporal,  Sept.  13,  1861,  and  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  Oct. 
15,  1863  ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was  wounded  in  the  leg  and  foot; 
fought  also  at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  and  Stone  River ;  was 
again  wounded  in  the  leg,  at  the  latter  place,  and  captured ;  re 
joined  company  after  having  been  exchanged,  and  fought  at  Jack 
son,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment 
and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  all  the  mounted 
engagements.  After  the  battle  of  Stone  River,  he  was  awarded 
medal  of  honor  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct. 

GEO.  FAITH,  Owensboro',  was  appointed  third  corporal,  Sept.  13, 
1 86 1 ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas  ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta  ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment, 
and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  all  the  mounted 
engagements. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  687 

ELISHA  ADAMS,  Owensboro,  was  a  member  of  the  First  Kentucky 
Infantry,  and  served  first  year  of  the  war  in  Virginia;  after  the 
First  Regiment  was  disbanded,  he  enlisted  in  this  company,  June 
10,  1862,  and  fought  with  it  at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  was  severely  wounded  at  the  latter  place, 
but  rejoined  the  company  in  August  following,  and  fought  at 
Jonesboro',  and  in  all  the  cavalry  engagements. 

JOSEPH  BIGGS,  Hancock  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was  cap 
tured  there;  was  exchanged  and  rejoined  the  company  in  Septem 
ber,  and  fought  at  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  At 
lanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days 
at  Jonesboro',  and  in  all  the  mounted  engagements. 

\VM.  BRADSHAW,  Owensboro',  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was  wounded 
there;  fought  also  at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Chickamauga, 
Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from 
Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks  ; 
both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

JAMES  M.  BOWLES,  Owensboro,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  In 
trenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted 
engagements. 

JOHN  CHAMPION,  Washington  County,  fought  at  Baton  Rouge, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga ;  was  twice  wounded  in 
the  latter  battle;  fought  also  at  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and 
Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  en 
gagements. 

JOHN  C.  CHURCHWELL,  Paducah,  fought  at  Vicksburg  and  Baton 
Rouge,  and  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place ;  fought  also  at  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  was  captured  at  the  latter  place,  and  de 
tained  in  prison  till  the  close  of  the  war. 

GREEN  B.  COOPER,  Daveiss  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  where  he 
was  twice  wounded;  fought  at  Stone  River,  and  was  captured  ;  re 
joined  company  after  having  been  exchanged,  and  fought  at  Jack 
son,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and 
Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  en 
gagements. 

PATRICK  COYLE,  Ireland,  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge, 
and  Stone  River ;  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place ;  fought  also  at 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Mission  Ridge ;  and  was  captured  on 
the  movement  from  the  latter  place,  November,  1863. 

ANDREW  J.  CONNER,  Hancock  County,  fought  at  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to 
Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both 
days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 


688  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

WM.  CAIN,  Ireland,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  and 
Stone  River ;  was  captured  at  the  latter  place ;  rejoined  company, 
having  been  exchanged,  and  fought  at  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
and  Mission  Ridge,  and  was  transferred  to  the  navy,  April  3, 
1864. 

JAMES  DONALDSON,  Owensboro',  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Jackson,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ; 
was  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  and  was  captured  at  the  field 
hospital.  He  did  not  return  in  time  to  participate  in  the  closing 
engagements. 

GEORGE  DISNEY,  Owensboro',  served  first  year  of  the  war  in 
First  Kentucky  Infantry;  enlisted  in  this  company  after  the  First 
Regiment  was  disbanded  ;  and  fought  with  it  at  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Mission  Ridge. 
He  was  killed  in  February,  1864,  on  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  while 
the  army  was  out  between  Dalton  and  Tunnell  Hill,  to  meet 
Thomas,  and  was  buried  where  he  fell. 

PHILIP  DIX,  Hancock  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh,  April 
7,  1862. 

JOHN  L.  EDWARDS,  Illinois,  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge, 
and  Stone  River;  and  was  on  detached  service  during  the  re 
mainder  of  the  war. 

JAMES  FORBES,  Daveiss  County,  fought  at  Stone  River  and 
Chickamauga ;  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  and  disabled 
for  further  service  during  the  war. 

WM.  H.  FORBES,  Daveiss  County,  was  appointed  fifth  sergeant, 
April  10,  1863;  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River, 
Jackson  and  Chickamauga ;  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place ; 
fought  at  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas 
to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment  and  Utoy  Creeks,  and 
at  Jonesboro'. 

THOMAS  FEHANEY,  Ireland,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and 
Stone  River ;  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place ;  fought  also  at 
Jackson  and  Chickamauga. 

ALBERT  FRAZIER,  Daveiss  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to 
Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days 
at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements  to  Savannah, 
when  he  was  detailed  for  duty  with  the  provost  guard,  and  was 
shot  by  deserters  while  thus  engaged.  He  recovered,  but  not 
until  after  the  termination  of  the  war. 

WM.  C.  FLETCHER,  Owensboro',  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga;  was  severely  wounded 
in  side  and  hand  at  the  latter  place ;  fought  also  at  Rocky  Face 
Gap  and  Resaca,  and  was  killed  near  Dallas,  May  27,  1864. 

WM.  GARNER,  Kentucky,  supposed  to  have  been  killed  in  battle  at 

Shiloh. 
WM.  GOODWIN,  Daveiss  County,  fought  at  Shiloh. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  689 

LEWIS  C.  GARRIGUS,  Terre  Haute,  Ind.,  was  not  enlisted  till 
Nov.  26,  1862  ;  fought  at  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dal 
las  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks; 
both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  all  the  mounted  engagements. 

MATTHEW  GARRETT,  Daveiss  County,  fought  at  Baton  Rouge, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at 
Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks ;  was  severely  wounded  in 
the  shoulder,  at  the  latter  place,  but  rejoined  the  command  in  the 
autumn,  and  took  part  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

TURNER  GRIFFIN,  Daveiss  County,  died  of  disease  at  Bowling 
Green,  Oct.  20,  1861. 

TERRY  HOWARD,  Hancock  County,  was  enlisted  at  Tupelo,  June 
10,  1862;  fought  at  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  and  Jackson. 
He  was  missed  about  Sept.  10,  1863,  and  is  supposed  to  have 
been  killed  by  a  shell  from  a  battery  then  firing,  as  he  was  no 
more  heard  of.  He  served  during  the  first  year  in  the  First  Ken 
tucky,  in  Virginia. 

[AMES  HAYDEN,  Daveiss  County,  fought  at  Baton  Rouge,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  In 
trenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in 
all  the  mounted  engagements. 

II.  B.  HAYDEN,  Daveiss  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  with  the  light 
artillery,  and  was  wounded  there.  Died  of  disease,  July  10, 
1862. 

1  .EWIS  HOLMES,  Hancock  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was  cap 
tured  there. 

JERRY  HENNESSEY,  Daveiss  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Peachtree,  In 
trenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in 
the  mounted  engagements. 

JOSEPH  JARBOE,  Daviess  County,  was  appointed  first  sergeant, 
July  8,  1863;  fought  at  Baton  Rouge,  and  was  wounded  there; 
fought  also  at  Stone  River,  and  was  captured  there,  but  was  ex 
changed  and  rejoined  the  company  in  June,  and  fought  at  Jack 
son,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment, 
and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  all  the  mounted 
engagements. 

W.  H.  JARRETT,  Breckinridge  County,  fought  at  Shiloh. 

MILES  C.  JENKINS,  Owensboro',  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  was  captured  at 
the  latter  place. 

ROBERT  KENT,  Kenton  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was  wounded 
there. 

44 


690  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

JAMES  KINCAID,  Hawesville,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta; 
at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creek ;  both  days  at  Jones- 
boro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

EDWARD  LAMBDIN,  Owensboro',  died  of  disease,  Feb.  10,  1862. 

WM.  LASHBROOKE,  Daveiss  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  after 
ward  died  of  disease,  1862. 

CRAWFORD  McCLARTY,  Daveiss  County,  was  on  duty  in  the 
commissary  department,  till  March  i,  1864,  when  he  rejoined  the 
company  and  fought  at  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas  ; 
was  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  but  recovered,  and  took  part  in 
the  mounted  engagements. 

ENOCH  C.  McKAY,  Owensboro',  was  one  of  the  regimental  musi 
cians  till  1864;  fought  at  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  Dallas,  and 
Kenesaw  Mountain  ;  was  wounded  by  a  shell  at  the  latter  place, 
and  did  not  recover  for  further  duty  during  the  war. 

WM.  E.  McDONALD,  Daveiss  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree, 
Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  at  Jonesboro'. 

S.  T.  MORRIS,  Henry  County,  Ga.,  was  enlisted  Dec.  i,  1864,  and 
took  part  in  all  the  subsequent  operations  of  the  command. 

J.  D.  MAY,  Daveiss  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  ;  was  wounded  there, 
and  permanently  disabled,  and  was  discharged,  November,  1862. 

JOHN  MATTINGLY,  Daveiss  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh, 

April  7,  1862. 
BURR  NORRIS,  Daveiss  County,   fought  at  Stone  River,  and  was 

detailed  as  blacksmith  during  the  remainder  of  the  service. 

E.  E.  NAPIER,  Hawesville,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga;  was  wounded 
at  the  latter  place ;  fought  also  at  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree  and 
Intrenchment  Creeks,  and  was  again  wounded  at  the  latter  place. 

SHADRACH  NICHOLS,  Hancock  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicks 
burg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mis 
sion  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to 
Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days 
at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

G.  W.  O'BANNON,  Louisport,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge. 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  Dallas,  and  Kenesaw  Mountain  ;  was 
captured  at  the  latter  place,  and  was  detained  in  prison  till  the 
close  of  the  war. 

DAVID  OSBORNE,  Hancock  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Mission 
Ridge.  He  was  transferred  to  the  navy,  April,  1864,  and  was 
one  cf  the  party  that  boarded  and  captured  the  "  Water  Witch." 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  691 

He  died  at  Nashville,  of  disease,  after  the  close  of  the  war,  hav 
ing  started  to  his  home  in  Kentucky. 

GREEN  B.  PARTRIDGE,  Daveiss  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and 
was  twice  wounded  there;  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  was  wounded  twice,  also,  at  the  latter 
place,  and  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  enemy,  but  was  found  after 
Sherman  abandoned  his  prisoners,  and  died  among  his  friends, 
June,  1864. 

JOHN  R.  PARTRIDGE,  Daveiss  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vick- 
burg,  Baton  Rouge,  and  Stone  River;  and  shortly  afterward  died 
of  disease  at  Tullahoma. 

THOMAS  QUINN,  Vicksburg,  Miss. ,  enlisted  in  the  Fourth  Regi 
ment,  May,  1862,  and  was  appointed  ordnance  sergeant  shortly 
afterward.  He  was  on  duty,  on  the  field,  during  all  the  following 
engagements:  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas  ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and 
Utoy  Creeks,  and  at  Jonesboro'.  At  the  latter  place,  Aug.  31, 
1864,  he  was  struck  on  the  left  side  of  the  head  with  a  piece  of 
shell,  which  caved  in  the  skull,  and  rendered  him  insensible  for 
some  days,  but  he  finally  almost  wholly  recovered,  though  not  in 
time  to  participate  in  the  closing  engagements. 

N.  M.  STOWERS,  Louisport,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  Dallas,  and  Kenesaw  Mountain ;  was 
captured  at  the  latter  place  and  detained  in  prison  till  the  termina 
tion  of  the  war. 

JAMES  WILLIAMS,  France,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta; 
at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  at  Jonesboro'. 
Served  during  the  remainder  of  the  war  with  the  dismounted  de 
tachment. 

FIFTH    REGIMENT. 


FIELD    AND    STAFF. 


By  reference  to  preceding  portions  of  the  work,  it  will  be  seen  that 
this  regiment  was  first  organized  in  1861,  and  was  composed  of  twelve 
month  men.  Under  that  organization,  the  following  officers  composed 
the  field  and  staff: 

JOHN  S.  WILLIAMS,  Clarke  County,  colonel. 
A.  J.  MAY,  Morgan  County,  lieutenant-colonel. 


692  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

HIRAM  HAWKINS,  Bath  County,  major. 
R.  T.  DANIEL,  Richmond,  Va.,  adjutant. 
H.  RUTHERFORD,  Bath  County,  surgeon. 
BASIL  DUKE,  Mason  County,  assistant  surgeon. 
WM.  S.  ROGERS,  Bourbon  County,  A.  Q.  M. 
J.  H.  BURNS,  Morgan  County,  A.  C.  S. 
THOMAS  S.  PAGE,  Kentucky,  sergeant  major. 

Though  we  are  unable  to  give  a  detailed  account  of  the  above-named 
officers,  the  following  general  remarks  may  not  be  amiss : 

In  April,  1862,  Col.  Williams  was  promoted  to  brigadier-general, 
afterward  to  major-general  of  cavalry,  and  served  throughout  the  war 
in  command  of  various  troops.  Lieut. -Col.  May  became  colonel  b) 
promotion,  vice  Williams,  and  took  part  in  all  the  engagements  of  his 
regiment  till  compelled  by  ill  health  to  resign.  Major  Hawkins  was 
promoted  to  lieutenant-colonel  at  the  same  time,  and  served  in  thai 
capacity  till  the  "  new  Fifth  Regiment"  was  organized,  when  he  was 
promoted  to  colonel.  Adjt.  Daniel  was  at  Richmond,  Va.,  on  leave 
of  absence,  when  the  battle  of  Seven  Pines  occurred — took  part  in 
that  engagement,  and  was  badly  wounded.  On  his  recovery,  he  wa> 
promoted  to  be  captain  and  A.  A.  G. ,  and  assigned  to  duty  on  tho 
staff  of  Gen.  Pegram.  In  consequence  of  his  removal  from  the  Fiftli 
Regiment,  officers  of  the  line  acted  as  adjutant  till  the  old  organization 
was  broken  up.  Dr.  Rutherford  served  as  surgeon  both  of  the  old  and 
new  organization  until  November,  1863,  when  he  was  assigned  to  duty 
in  hospitals,  at  his  own  request,  having  become  disabled  by  ill  healt  i 
for  further  field  service.  Dr.  Duke  was  made  brigade  surgeon  fcr 
Gen.  Marshall  in  the  winter  of  1861,  and  was  not  again  connected 
with  the  regiment.  Capt.  Rogers  resigned  the  position  of  A.  Q.  M. 
soon  after  having  accepted  it,  and  Lieut.  W.  W.  Cox,  of  the  line,  acted 
in  that  capacity  till  the  old  organization  was  broken  up.  Capt.  Burrs 
served  as  A.  C.  S.  until  the  summer  of  1863,  when,  by  act  of  Con 
gress,  commissioned  officers  were  relieved  from  that  duty  in  regi 
ments.  Sergt-Maj.  Page  gave  up  his  position  soon  after  the  first  or 
ganization  took  place,  and  was  succeeded  by  Asa  M.  Swimm,  of  Flem 
ing  County,  Ky.  The  latter  was  killed  by  bushwhackers  in  Kentucky, 
in  1862;  after  which  Wm.  Wallace  Hawkins,  of  Bath  County,  was  ap 
pointed  to  the  position,  and  he,  after  having  fought  at  Middle  Creek 
and  Princeton,  died  of  disease,  at  the  age  of  nineteen. 

At  the  reorganization  of  the  regiment  in  1862,  and  subsequently,  the 
following  officers  composed  the  field  and  staff: 

HIRAM  HAWKINS,  Bath  County.      (See  biography.) 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  693 

GEORGE  W.  CONNOR,  Bath  County,  was  appointed  lieutenant- 
colonel,  Nov.  14,  1862.  He  was  captain  of  Co.  H  under  the 
first  organization,  and  served  with  it  till  February,  1862,  when 
Marshall's  command  retreated  from  Kentucky,  and  Connor  was 
left  sick  at  Prestonburg,  being  too  low  to  be  removed.  He  was 
captured  there,  and  detained  in  prison  till  the  autumn  of  1862, 
when  he  rejoined  his  regiment,  having  been  meanwhile  promoted 
to  major.  He  was  then  promoted  to  lieutenant-colonel,  as  has 
been  seen,  and  served  during  the  remainder  of  the  war  with  his 
regiment,  taking  part  in  nearly  every  engagement  of  whatever 
character.  He  was  wounded  at  Jonesboro',  Aug.  31,  1864,  and 
some  time  disabled,  but  rejoined  the  command  at  Green's  Cut,  Jan 
uary,  1865.  Died  in  Owingsville,  Feb.  2,  1894. 

WM.  MYNHIER,  Morgan  County,  was  first  lieutenant  of  Co.  A  (old 
organization)  till  May  was  promoted,  when  he  was  promoted  to 
major,  and  served  as  such  during  the  remainder  of  the  war.  He 
fought  at  Middle  Creek,  Princeton,  and  Chickamauga ;  was 
severely  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  but  recovered,  and  rejoined 
the  command  at  Dallas,  after  which  he  took  part  in  all  the  en 
gagements  of  his  regiment  to  the  close.  Died  at  Mount  Sterling, 
July  25,  1892. 

THOMAS  B.  COOK,  Jessamine  County.      (See  Co.  F.) 

H.  RUTHERFORD,  Bath  County,  was  appointed  surgeon,  Oct.  22, 
1861. 

CHARLES  MANN,  Kenton  County,  was  appointed  surgeon,  Oct.  26, 
1863.  (See  Medical  Officers.) 

N.  J.  THOMPSON,  Tuscaloosa,  Ala.,  was  appointed  assistant  sur 
geon,  Aug.  9,  1862,  and  was  on  duty  with  other  troops  till  Jan. 
n,  1864,  when  he  was  assigned  to  this  regiment,  with  which  he 
served  during  the  remainder  of  the  war. 

WM.  WELLS,  Montgomery  County,  was  appointed  captain  and  A. 
Q.  M.,  Nov.  14,  1862,  and  served  in  that  capacity  during  the  re 
mainder  of  the  war. 

j.  H.  BURNS,  Morgan  County,  was  for  some  time  regimental  com 
missary. 

Various  chaplains  served  with  the  regiment  during  the  war,  but  no 
regular  appointment  was  ever  made. 


COMPANY  A,  FIFTH  REGIMENT. 

ALEXANDER  G.  ROBERTS,  Falmouth,  was  elected  captain,  Sept. 
10,  1862  ;  fought  at  Perryville,  and  resigned,  June  30,  1863. 

JOHN  H.  MITCHELL,  Memphis,  Tenn.,  was  appointed  first  lieu 
tenant  by  Brig. -Gen.  Preston  Smith,  Sept.  10,  1862;  and  was 
promoted  to  captain,  Aug.  i,  1863.  He  fought  with  the  One 
Hundred  and  Fifty-fourth  Tennessee  Infantry  at  Belmont,  Shi- 
loh,  and  Richmond,  Ky.,  and  with  this  company  at  Perryville, 
Chickamauaa,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and 


694  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

Dallas.  He  was  severely  wounded  in  the  shoulder  at  the  latter 
place,  and  disabled  for  further  duty  in  the  line,  in  consequence  of 
which  he  was  placed  on  the  retired  list,  for  the  remainder  of  the 
war.  He  was  also  severely  wounded  at  Shiloh. 

JOHN  L.  WOODSON,  Falmouth,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
Sept.  10,  1862  ;  fought  at  Perry ville,  and  died  of  disease  at  Moc 
casin  Gap,  Va. ,  March  n,  1863. 

R.  H.  KAVANAUGH,  Pendleton  County,  was  appointed  fifth  ser 
geant,  Jan.  5,  1863;  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  March, 
1864.  He  fought  at  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree, 
Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  at  Jonesboro'.  After  the 
command  was  mounted,  he  was  fifteen  days  in  the  rear  of  Sher 
man,  on  scout  duty,  and  rejoined  the  brigade  during  the  engage 
ment  at  Sandersville.  In  conjunction  with  Capt.  Finn,  Sixth 
Regiment,  he  burned  the  trestlework  on  the  Charleston  and  Sa 
vannah  Railroad,  and  did  various  other  service  until  March, 
1863,  when  he  was  sent  into  Kentucky  with  recruiting  orders, 
and  was  thus  engaged  when  the  war  closed. 

PERRY  D.  FIELDS,  Pendleton  County,  was  elected  second  lieuten 
ant,  Aug.  i,  1863.  He  fought  at  Perry  ville,  Chickamauga,  Mis 
sion  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas 
to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  and 
at  Jonesboro'.  He  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  Aug.  31,  1864. 

JOHN  L.  MELFORD,  Catawba,  was  appointed  first  sergeant,  Sept. 
10,  1862,  and  fought  at  Perryville. 

JOSEPH  M.  CLAYTON,  Pendleton  County,  was  appointed  second 
sergeant,  Sept.  10,  1862.  He  fought  at  Perryville,  Chickamauga, 
Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from 
Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks; 
both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

SAMUEL  COX,  Pendleton  County,  was  appointed  first  corporal, 
Sept.  10,  1862,  and  fought  at  Perryville. 

G.  W.  ARNOLD,  Pendleton  County,  was  appointed  second  corporal, 
Sept.  10,  1862.  He  fought  at  Perryville  and  Chickamauga,  and 
was  severely  wounded  at  the  latter  place  ;  fought  also  at  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at 
Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jones 
boro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  wounded  at  In 
trenchment  Creek. 

WILLIAM  ACKMAN,  Pendleton  County,  fought  at  Perryville  and 
Chickamauga,  and  died  of  disease  in  Atlanta,  Dec.  15,  1864. 

LEANDER  ABERNATHY,  Pendleton  County,  was  elected  second 
lieutenant,  April  16,  1863,  and  died  of  disease  at  Holston  Springs 
shortly  afterward. 

C.  C.  BARNES,  Pendleton  County,  was  appointed  first  sergeant,  Oct. 
12,  1862,  but  was  relieved  at  his  own  request,  shortly  afterward. 
He  fought  at  Perryville,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  695 

Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peach- 
tree,  Intrenchment,  aud  Utoy  Creeks;  and  both  days  at  Jones- 
bo'ro'.  He  was  one  of  Lieut.  Kavanaugh's  party  of  scouts  in 
Sherman's  rear,  and  was  one  of  the  picket  detail  that  burned  the 
trestlework  near  Savannah.  He  also  took  part  in  the  mounted 
engagements  in  South  Carolina. 

F.  S.   BARNES,    Fleming   County,    was  not   enlisted   till    August, 

1863.  He  fought  at  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  and  at  Peach- 
tree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks.     He  was  wounded  at  the  latter 
place,  July  22,  1864,  suffered  amputation  of  leg,  and  died  at  For- 
sythe,  a  short  time  afterward. 

WILLIAM  T.  CLAYTON,  Williamstown,  fought  at  Perryville,  and 
died  of  disease,  Dec.  20,  1862. 

J.  WILLIS  CLORE,  Boone  County,  was  appointed  fifth  sergeant, 
Dec.  20,  1864.  He  fought  at  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta; 
at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  at  Jonesboro'. 
He  was  one  of  the  scouts  in  the  rear  of  Sherman,  November, 

1864,  assisted  in    burning  the  railroad  trestle,    and  did  various 
mounted  duty  in  South  Carolina. 

JAMES  CASTELL,  Scott  County,  Va.,  fought  at  Chickamauga,  and 
died  of  disease,  some  time  afterward,  in  Atlanta,  Ga. 

ALEXANDER  DURR,  Kenton  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga. 

R.  W.  DAVIS,  Pendleton  County,  fought  at  Perryville,  Chicka 
mauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas; 
from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy 
Creeks,  and  at  Jonesboro'.  He  was  killed  at  the  latter  place, 
Aug.  31,  1864. 

PERRY  DAVIS,  Pendleton  County,  fought  at  Perryville,  and  died  of 
disease  at  Abingdon,  Va. ,  Jan.  i,  1863. 

FKANK  DAVIS,  Pendleton,  County,  fought  at  Perryville.  He  was 
discharged  on  account  of  disability  by  disease,  some  time  after 
ward,  but  was  captured  on  his  way  homeward,  and  remained  in 
prison  till  the  close  of  the  war. 

JOHN  S.  DAVIS,  Pendleton  County,  was  appointed  fourth  sergeant, 
Dec.  20,  1864.  He  fought  at  Perryville,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas  ;  from  Dallas  to  At 
lanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days  at 
Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

H.  S.  DEDMAN,  Kenton  County,  was  appointed  first  sergeant,  Feb. 
9,  1863,  and  was  reduced  to  ranks  at  his  own  request,  July  10, 
1863.  He  fought  at  Perryville,  Chickamauga,  and  Mission 
Ridge.  At  Dalton,  he  was  placed  on  the  corps  of  sharpshooters, 
and  fought  as  such  at  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas,  at 
which  latter  place  he  was  killed,  May  28,  1864. 

LEANDER  ELLIS,  Pendleton  County,  fought  at  Perryville  and 
Chickamauga,  and  was  killed  at  the  latter  place. 


696  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

JAMES  ELLIS,  Pendleton  County,  died  of  disease  at  Holstor 
Springs,  Va.,  April  23,  1862. 

RICHARD  FOGLE,  Falmouth,  fought  at  Perryville,  Chickamauga. 
Mission  Ridge,   Rocky  Face  Gap,   Resaca,  Dallas,  and  Kenesaw 
Mountain.      He  was  killed  on  the  skirmish  line,  at  the  latter  place 
June,  1864. 

JACK  FRYAR,  Pendleton  County,  fought  at  Perryville. 

ISAAC  GRAY,  Falmouth,  was  teamster  for  the  regiment  until  Novem 
ber,  1864,  when  he  entered  the  ranks  and  took  part  in  the 
mounted  engagements. 

J.  J.  GREEN,  Pendleton  County,  fought  at  Perryville,  Chickamauga, 
Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dal 
las  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks, 
and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

JOHN  A.  HATHAWAY,  Pendleton  County,  fought  at  Perryville. 
Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas.  He  was  severely  wounded  in  the  hand  at  Dallas,  and 
was  long  disabled,  but  fought  on  one  occasion,  in  April,  1865, 
and  was  again  wounded. 

HENRY  HARDMAN,  Falmouth,  fought  at  Perryville,  Chicka 
mauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ; 
from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy 
Creeks,  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

G.  W.  HENDRICKS,  Falmouth,  fought  at  Perryville,  Chickamauga, 
Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from 
Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks, 
and  at  Jonesboro'.  He  was  awarded  medal  of  honor,  and  pro 
moted  to  corporal  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  at  Chicka 
mauga;  and  at  Jonesboro',  Aug.  31,  1864,  he  was  so  severely 
wounded  in  the  arm  as  to  be  disabled  for  further  duty  during  th^ 
war. 

E.  P.  KENNEDY,  Campbell  County,  was  appointed  first  sergeant, 
Nov.  10,  1862,  and  served  as  such  till  Feb.  8,  1863,  when  ha 
was  reduced  to  ranks  at  his  own  request.  He  fought  at  Chicka 
mauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ; 
from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks. 
He  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  July  22,  1864. 

N.  P.  LIVINGSTON,  Kenton  County,  fought  at  Perryville,  Chicka 
mauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas; 
from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy 
Creeks ;  at  Jonesboro'  both  days,  and  in  the  mounted  engage 
ments. 

JOHN  W.  LOWE,  Pendleton  County,  was  appointed  first  sergeant, 
July  9,  1863.  He  was  killed  in  battle  at  Chickamauga,  Sept.  20, 
1863. 

G.  N.  LIGHTFOOT,  Pendleton  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga, 
and  was  afterward  disabled  by  disease  for  further  service  until 
August,  1864,  when  he  rejoined  the  company,  and  fought  at 
Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  697 

G.  T.  MONTAGUE,  Pendleton  County,  died  of  disease  at  Emory 
and  Henry  College  Hospital,  1863. 

GEORGE  W.  MARTIN,  Pendleton  County,  was  captured  on  the 
retreat  of  Bragg  from  Kentucky,  but  was  exchanged  shortly  after 
ward,  and  was  detailed  to  take  care  of  a  sick  comrade,  at  a  pri 
vate  house  in  Loudon,  Tenn.,  when  he  was  again  captured  and 
detained  in  prison  till  the  close  of  the  war. 

PENDLETON  MARSHALL,  Williamstown,  was  captured  on  the 
retreat  of  Bragg  from  Kentucky,  and  imprisoned  some  time,  after 
which  he  rejoined  command  and  fought  at  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas  ;  from  Dallas  to 
Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both 
days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

ALEXANDER  MARSHALL,  Kenton  County,  died  of  disease  at 
Stoney  Creek,  Va.,  Nov.  15,  1862. 

H.  S.  MARSHALL,  Pendleton  County,  fought  at  Perryville,  Chick 
amauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas. 
He  was  wounded  at  Dallas,  but  rejoined  the  company  in  August 
following,  and  fought  at  Jonesboro',  both  days,  and  in  the 
mounted  engagements.  He  was  one  of  the  sergeants  of  the  com 
pany. 

J.  J.  MARSHALL,  Pendleton  County,  fought  at  Perryville  and 
Chickamauga,  and  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place  ;  fought  also 
at  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas  ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta; 
at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  in  the  mounted 
engagements.  He  was  one  of  the  corporals  of  the  company. 

OLIVER  L.  MAINS,  Williamstown,  was  one  of  the  sergeants  of  the 
company,  and  fought  at  Perryville,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ; 
at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days  at 
Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

ISAAC  PAINTER,  Owen  County,  was  transferred  from  Co.  E,  Jan 
uary  8,  and  died  of  disease  at  Jonesville,  Va. ,  Feb.  20,  1863. 

CALVIN  E.  PARKER,  Kenton  County,  fought  at  Perryville,  Chick 
amauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca  and  Dallas; 
from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  and  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and 
Utoy  Creeks,  and  at  Jonesboro'.  He  was  wounded  at  the  latter 
place,  Aug.  31,  1864,  and  disabled  for  further  service  during  the 
war. 

JOHN  E.  POOR,  Pendleton  County,  was  detailed  to  serve  as  wagon- 
master  while  in  Western  Virginia,  and  was  appointed  quartermas 
ter  sergeant,  Sept.  4,  1863. 

PAT  ROBERTS,  Pendleton  County,  fought  at  Perryville  and  Chick 
amauga. 

JOHN  RAY,  Falmouth,  fought  at  Perryville,  and  died  of  disease  at 
Emory  and  Henry  College  Hospital,  Nov.  24,  1863. 

G.  L.  SOMERS,  Pendleton  County,  was  appointed  fourth  corporal, 
May  4,  1863.  He  fought  at  Perryville,  Chickamauga,  and  Mis 
sion  Ridge. 


698  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

D.  L.  STOWERS,  Pendleton  County,  was  disabled  at  Loudon, 
Term.,  Aug.  10,  1863,  for  further  service,  by  an  accidental  saber 
cut  in  the  thigh.  He  afterward  died  from  the  effect  of  the 
wound. 

G.  W.  SEEVER,  Fleming  County,  was  enlisted  for  one  year  in  the 
"  Old  Fifth  Kentucky,"  and  when  his  time  had  expired,  he  re- 
enlisted  in  this  company ;  took  part  in  the  engagements  of  Mar 
shall's  command  in  1861-2  ;  fought  with  the  new  organization  at 
Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and 
Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  en 
gagements. 

HENRY  SEEVER,  Fleming  County,  was  enlisted  for  one  year  in  the 
"Old  Fifth  Kentucky,"  and  when  his  time  had  expired,  he  re- 
enlisted  in  this  company.  He  fought  at  Princeton,  Va.,  Chick 
amauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ; 
from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy 
Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engage 
ments. 

JAMES  A.  SHACKELFORD,  Franklin  County,  fought  at  Perryvilie 
and  Chickamauga. 

B.  A.  SOUTHER,  Falmouth,  Ky. ,  was  afflicted  in  his  eyes,  and  thus 
unfitted  for  duty  in  the  ranks,  in  consequence  of  which  he  was 
generally  employed  in  hospital  service. 

G.  S.  TUPMAN,  Kenton  County,  fought  at  Perryvilie  and  Chicka 
mauga. 

R.  M.  WOOD,  Pendleton  County,  fought  at  Perryvilie,  and  died  of 
disease  at  Jonesville,  Va.,  Feb.  12,  1863. 

RICHARD  WILHOIT,  Kenton  County,  fought  at  Perryvilie  and 
Chickamauga. 

JOSIAH  W.  WILSON,  Grant  County,  fought  at  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at 
Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  at  Jonesboro'. 
During  the  cavalry  operations  of  the  command,  he  was  with  the 
dismounted  detachment. 

JOHN  W.  WILSON,  Grant  County,  was  captured  on  the  retreat  of 
Gen.  Bragg  from  Kentucky,  but  was  exchanged  shortly  after 
ward,  and  fought  at  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment, 
and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted 
engagements. 

THOMAS  WILLIAMS,  Bath  County,  was  the  chief  musician  of  reg 
iment,  and  fought  at  Chickamauga.  He  was  also  present  in  al 
most  all  other  engagements  as  litter-bearer,  and  fought  in  the 
ranks  during  the  cavalry  operations. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  699 


SUPPLEMENTAL  LIST. 

The  following  names  not  contained  in  the  foregoing,  are  found  on 
roll  of  Co.  A  now  on  file  in  Washington,  D.  C. ,  captured  in  Rich 
mond  in  1865  : 

JAMES  AMBER,  Grant  County. 

LAFAYETTE  ARRINGTON,  Pendleton  County;  was  transferred 
from  Fourth  Kentucky  Cavalry. 

W.  A.  ARMSTRONG,  Grant  County;  was  missing  after  the  battle  of 
Perryville,  Oct.  8,  1862. 

]  >AVID  BEAL,  Pendleton  County ;  was  transferred  to  another  com 
mand,  April  15,  1863. 

W.  F.  BARNES,  Kentucky;  was  transferred  from  the  Fourth  Ken 
tucky  Cavalry. 

J ONATHAN  BARKER,  Kentucky;  was  transferred  from  Twenty- 
seventh  Virginia. 

SAMUEL  BAKER,  Pendleton  County. 

MINOR   COLVIN,   Pendleton  County;  was  transferred  to  Fourth 

Kentucky  Cavalry. 
JOHN  COUNTS,  Pendleton  County. 

W.  F.  CATRON,  Kentucky;  was  transferred  from  Twenty-seventh 
Virginia. 

JAMES  CROFTON,  Kentucky;  was  transferred  from  Fourth  Ken 
tucky  Cavalry. 

THOMAS  DAUCE,  Grant  County. 

K.  DOUGAN,  Kentucky;  was  transferred  from  Fourth  Kentucky 
Cavalry. 

J.  M.  DORMAN,  Pendleton  County. 

A.  F.  EDWARDS,  Kentucky;  was  transferred  from  Twenty-seventh 
Virginia. 

JACOB  M.  FOGLE,  Grant  County;  was  transferred  to  Co.  I,  March 
i,  1864.  * 

JAMES  FORSYTHE,  Kentucky;  was  transferred  from  Fourth  Ken 
tucky  Cavalry. 

W.  L.  FAULKNER,  Kentucky  ;  was  transferred  from  Fourth  Ken 
tucky  Cavalry. 

S.  S.  FERGUSON,  Kentucky ;  was  transferred  from  Fourth  Ken 
tucky  Cavalry. 

L.  GOSNEY,  Pendleton  County. 

W.  H.  GREENWOOD,  Kentucky;  was  transferred  from  Fourth 
Kentucky  Cavalry. 

J.  W.  GREENWOOD,  Kentucky  ;  was  transferred  from  Fourth  Ken 
tucky  Cavalry. 


700  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

J.  R.  HARDIN,  Kentucky;  was  transferred  from  Fourth  Kentucky 
Cavalry. 

J.  C.  HUNT,  Kentucky;  was  transferred  from  Fourth  Kentucky  Cav 
alry. 

HENRY  HUNTER,  Kentucky  ;  was  transferred  from  Fourth  Ken 
tucky  Cavalry. 

J.  R.  JACKSON,  Pendleton  County. 

J.  S.  M.  KIMBLER,  Kentucky  ;  was  transferred  from  Twenty-seventh 

Virginia. 

THOMAS  LEA,  Kentucky. 
J.  J.  McKINLEY,  Pendleton  County. 

F.  S.  MOORING,  Pendleton  County. 

GEO.  MONROE,  Grant  County;  died  at  Jonesville,  Va.,  February 

20,    1863. 

THEODORE  NELSON,  Pendleton  County. 

W.  H.  PENICK,  Pendleton  County;  was  discharged,  Feb.  18,  1863. 

JOSEPH    PAUNELL,   Kentucky ;    was    transferred   from    Twenty- 
seventh  Virginia. 
JOHN  REVENAY,  Pendleton  County. 

JOSEPH  RALSTON,  Kentucky ;  was  transferred  from  Fourth  Ken 
tucky  Cavalry. 

J.  W.  RICHMOND,  Kentucky ;  was  transferred  from  Fourth  Ken 
tucky  Cavalry. 

J.  R.  SIMPSON,  Grant  County. 

ISAAC   N.    SEAY,    Pendleton   County;  was   transferred  to  Co.   A, 

March  i,  1863. 
JOSEPH  STREETER,  Grant  County. 

JOHN   SMITH,    Kentucky;    was  transferred  from  Twenty-seventh 

Virginia. 

W.  T.  TURNER,  Pendleton  County. 
JOHN  TAYLOR,  Pendleton  County. 

G.  W.  WILLIAMS,  Kentucky;  was  transferred  from  Fourth  Ken 

tucky  Cavalry. 

THOMAS  WOOLEY,  Kentucky;  was  transferrred  from  Fourth  Ken 
tucky  Cavalry. 

COMPANY  B,  FIFTH  REGIMENT. 

WM.  T.  B.  SOUTH,  Breathitt  County,  captain;  was  first  lieutenant 
of  Capt.  Ben  CaudilFs  company,  old  Fifth  Kentucky ;  had  pre 
viously  fought  in  the  ranks  of  Capt.  Swango's  company  at  West 
Liberty,  when  the  Federal  colonel,  Harris,  with  infantry,  cavalry, 
and  artillery,  was  met  there  on  his  way  to  attack  the  Confederate 
camp  at  Prestonburg ;  was  in  all  the  engagements  of  his  regi- 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  701 

ment  till  March,  1865,  when  he  was  sent  with  others  into  Ken 
tucky  on  recruiting  service.  In  the  battle  of  Jonesboro',  Aug. 
3ist,  1864,  he  acted  as  lieutenant-colonel  after  Conner  was 
wounded;  and  at  Sandersville,  during  the  brigade's  mounted 
service,  he  was  sent  forward  in  command  of  his  own  and  another 
company,  with  orders  to  hold  a  hazardous  position  and  prevent  a 
flank  movement  of  the  enemy  till  reinforcements  could  arrive, 
which  he  successfully  executed. 

EDWARD  C.  STRONG,  Breathitt  County,  first  lieutenant,  took  part 
in  all  the  operations  and  battles  of  his  company. 

JERRY  W.  SOUTH,  Breathitt  County,  second  lieutenant;  was  a 
member  of  the  old  Fifth  Kentucky ;  took  part  in  all  the  opera 
tions  and  battles  of  his  company  till  after  July  22,  1864;  fought 
at  Intrenchment  Creek  notwithstanding  he  had  previously  re 
ceived  a  furlough,  with  orders  to  procure  recruits  in  Kentucky; 
started  soon  afterward  in  company  with  others,  was  attacked  by 
Federal  soldiers  before  he  reached  home,  whom  he  repulsed, 
but  was  wounded,  and  had  to  be  left  at  the  house  of  John  Holley, 
and  while  helpless  there,  he  was  killed  by  Home  Guards. 

THOMAS  J.  LITTLE,  Breathitt  County,  third  lieutenant;  was  drafted 
into  the  Federal  army,  but  declined  to  serve,  and  escaped  to  this 
company  in  1863;  was  in  all  its  subsequent  engagements  to  the 
close. 

RICHARD  L.  SOUTH,  Breathitt  County,  was  promoted  from  sec 
ond  to  first  sergeant ;  fought  in  all  the  engagements  of  his  com 
pany  until  he  was  killed  at  Dallas,  May  28,  1864,  within  twenty 
steps  of  the  enemy's  breastworks,  being  the  most  advanced  man 
of  his  regiment  in  its  efforts  to  take  the  battery. 

ROBERT  ALLEN,  Clay  County,  was  promoted  from  fifth  to  first 
sergeant ;  fought  in  all  the  engagements  of  his  company ;  was 
wounded  at  Jonesboro',  Sept.  i,  1864.  After  the  war  he  was 
ordnance  sergeant  in  charge  of  State  Arsenal,  under  Adjt. -Gen. 
Nuckols;  was  prison  guard  under  Capt.  South;  and  in  1890-91, 
during  Gov.  Buckner's  administration,  was  special  policeman  for 
State  grounds  and  buildings. 

ELIJAH  HERD,  Clay  County,  was  promoted  from  fourth  to  third 
sergeant ;  fought  at  Chickamauga  and  Mission  Ridge,  and  was 
killed  at  the  latter  place. 

SOLOMON  BACK,  Breathitt  County,  took  part  in  all  the  operations 
and  engagements  of  his  company. 

JOHN  W.  BACK,  Breathitt  County,  was  promoted  from  fourth  to 
first  corporal;  was  wounded  at  Dallas  ;  took  part  in  all  the  opera 
tions  and  engagements  of  his  company  when  he  was  not  disabled 
by  wounds. 

ROBT.  S.  CALLAHAN,  Breathitt  County,  second  corporal;  served 
faithfully  to  time  of  death  by  disease,  which  occurred  in  Scott 
County,  Va.,  June  15,  1863. 


•702  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

JEPTHA  CALLAHAN,  Breathitt  County,  took  part  in  all  the  opera 
tions  and  battles  of  his  company ;  was  wounded  at  Chickamauga, 
and  carried  the  bullet  in  his  body  for  more  than  ten  years,  finally 
dying  from  effects  of  the  wound. 

JOHN  D.  OLIVER,  Breathitt  County,  took  part  in  all  his  company's 
operations  and  engagements  when  not  disabled  ;  was  wounded  at 
Dallas  ;  was  promoted  from  third  to  second  corporal. 

MARTIN  BAILEY,  Johnson  County,  was  promoted  from  fourth  to 
third  corporal ;  took  part  in  all  the  operations  and  engagements  of 
his  company. 

HENRY  C.  FISH,  Breathitt  County,  musician;  was  a  member  of  the 
old  Fifth  Kentucky ;  served  faithfully  till  discharged,  Dec.  3oth, 
1863. 

ELIHU  REYNOLDS,  Owsley  County,  was  the  only  one  of  the  five 
Confederates  who  went  from  Owsley  that  served  through  and  re 
turned.  Two  were  killed,  and  two  remained  in  the  South.  He 
and  one  other  recruit  encountered  five  Federal  soldiers  in 
Breathitt  County  before  the  company  left  the  State,  and  though 
his  companions  fled,  Reynolds  stood  his  ground  and  handled  his 
gun  with  such  determination  that  the  Federals  took  to  flight  after 
one  of  them  was  hit.  He  was  in  every  battle  of  his  regiment; 
was  on  the  picket  line  at  Kenesaw  when  a  Federal  force  tried  to 
surprise  them,  but  he  was  on  his  guard  while  the  others  were  un 
suspecting,  and  would  have  been  captured  and  the  command  sur 
prised  and  endangered,  had  he  not  fired  his  gun.  Thereupon  all 
sprang  to  arms,  and  a  sharp  conflict  ensued,  during  which  every 
one  was  either  wounded  or  had  his  clothes  pierced.  Reynolds's 
gun  was  shot  twice  in  his  hands.  When  the  regiment  was  recalled 
from  the  attack  on  the  Federal  line  at  Jonesboro',  he  carried  a 
wounded  comrade  out  on  his  back,  though  he  himself  was  also 
wounded. 

ANANIAS  BARNETT,  Breathitt  County,  took  part  in  all  the  opera 
tions  and  engagements. 

DANIEL  BAKER,  Breathitt  County,  in  all  the  operations  and  en 
gagements  of  his  company  when  not  disabled ;  was  wounded  at 
Dallas. 

E.  D.  BAILEY,  Johnson  County,  no  facts  known  to  the  writer. 

JAMES  COCHRANE,  Breathitt  County,  fought  in  all  the  battles  of 
his  company,  including  Dallas;  was  wounded  at  Dallas,  and  died 
of  that  wound,  July  30,  1864. 

ISAAC  COLE,  Breathitt  County,  took  part  in  all  his  company's  oper 
ations  and  engagements. 

WM.  CHANEY,  Breathitt  County,  took  part  in  all  his  company's 
operations  and  engagements  when  not  disabled ;  was  wounded  at 
Intrenchment  Creek,  July  22,  1864. 

OEO.  CHANEY,  Breathitt  County,  took  part  in  all  his  company's 
operations  and  engagements  when  not  disabled ;  was  wounded  at 
Dallas. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  703 

COLE  CAMPBELL,  Breathitt  County,  was  killed  by  lightning  near 
Jackson,  Ky. ,  Oct.  15,  1862. 

JOHN  W.  EDWARDS,  Breathitt  County,  took  part  in  all  the  opera 
tions  and  battles ;  married  in  South  Carolina  and  remained  there. 

WM.  FLINCHAM,  Breathitt  County,  took  part  in  the  operations  of 
his  company  till  disabled  by  disease,  of  which  he  died  at  Holston, 
Va. ,  April  n,  1863. 

ISAAC  FUGATE,  Breathitt  County,  took  part  in  his  company's 
operations  and  engagements,  including  Chickamauga,  where  he 
was  killed. 

JOHN  D.  FUGATE,  Breathitt  County,  took  part  in  all  his  company's 
operations  and  engagements  when  not  disabled;  was  wounded  at 
Dallas. 

CORNELIUS  FROST,  Owsley  County.  No  facts  known  to  the 
writer. 

JOHN  FOSTER,  Breathitt  County,  was  one  of  the  company's  most 
remarkable  members.  When  enlisted  he  was  less  than  fourteen 
years  old;  "but,"  says  his  captain,  "he  never  missed  a  day's 
duty  or  a  fight."  Now  a  citizen  of  Bath  County. 

SAMUEL  GROSS,  Breathitt  County,  took  part  in  all  the  operations 
and  engagements  of  his  company. 

THOMAS  GROSS,  Breathitt  County,  took  part  in  all  the  operations 
and  engagements  of  his  company. 

JOHN  P.  GREEN,  Breathitt  County,  took  part  in  all  his  company's 
operations  and  engagements,  including  Kenesaw  Mountain;  was 
wounded  at  the  latter  place,  and  died  of  the  wound  shortly  after 
ward. 

HIRAM  HATTON,  Breathitt  County,  took  part  in  all  the  operations 
and  battles  of  his  company. 

WM.  HALL,  Breathitt  County,  took  part  in  all  the  operations  and 
engagements  of  his  company;  died  in  Arkansas  about  fifteen 
years  after  the  war  while  in  charge  of  Samuel  South's  plantation 
there. 

DANIEL  HAYS,  Breathitt  County,  took  part  in  all  the  operations  and 
engagements  of  his  company,  including  Intrenchment  Creek; 
died  of  wound  received  there. 

J(  )HN  A.  HAYS,  Breathitt  County,  took  part  in  all  the  operations 
and  engagements  of  his  company,  including  Intrenchment  Creek, 
in  which  battle  he  was  killed. 

WM.  A.  HADDIX,  Breathitt  County,  took  part  in  all  the  operations 
and  engagements  of  his  company  till  disabled  by  disease,  of  which 
he  died  in  Georgia,  Nov.  10,  1864. 

JAMES  HADDIX,  Breathitt  County,  took  part  in  all  the  operations 
and  engagements  of  his  company. 

HIRAM  HADDIX,  Breathitt  County,  died  in  the  service. 


704  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

JOHN  C.  LITTLE,  Breathitt  County,  was  transferred  to  a  cavalry 
command,  Dec.  i,  1862;  was  killed  some  time  afterward  by 
bushwhackers. 

JOHN  MILLER,  Breathitt  County;  no  facts  known  to  the  writer. 

DILLARD  NEWTON,  Breathitt  County,  took  part  in  the  operations 
of  his  company  till  disabled  by  disease,  of  which  he  died  in  Lee 
County,  Va.,  Feb.  24,  1863. 

WM.  PENNINGTON,  Owsley  County;  no  facts  known  to  the  writer. 

FELIX  STAGEY,  Breathitt  County. 

SAMUEL  SMITH,  Breathitt  County ;   no  facts  known  to  the  writer. 

SAMUEL  SOUTH,  Breathitt  County,  received  a  colonel's  commission 
from  Gen.  Kirby  Smith  in  1862,  with  authority  to  recruit  a  regi 
ment,  but  Bragg's  retreat  from  Kentucky  prevented  this  and  he 
went  into  the  ranks ;  was  made  quartermaster-sergeant,  but  went 
into  the  battle  of  Chickamauga,  where  he  was  wounded  and  dis 
abled  for  other  service  than  the  duties  of  his  office.  He  was 
awarded  medal  of  honor  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  at 
Chickamauga.  Died  in  Franklin  County  in  1889. 

AMBROSE  WATTS,  Breathitt  County,  took  part  in  all  the  operations 
and  engagements  of  his  company. 

ENOCH  WATTS,  Breathitt  County,  took  part  in  all  the  operations 
and  engagements  when  not  disabled ;  was  wounded  at  Dallas. 

JOSEPH  D.  WILLIAMS,  Owsley  County,  took  part  in  all  the  opera 
tions  and  engagements  of  his  company. 

WILLIAM  ZION,  Owsley  County,  took  part  in  all  the  operations  and 
engagements  of  his  company,  including  Dallas,  at  which  place  he 
was  killed. 


COMPANY  C,  FIFTH  REGIMENT. 

THOMAS  J.  HENRY,  Morgan  County,  was  elected  captain,  Sept. 
26,  1862.  He  fought  at  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas,  and  was  wounded  at  the  latter 
place,  May  28,  1864.  He  also  took  part  in  some  other  infantry 
engagements,  in  one  of  which,  at  Jonesboro',  he  was  wounded  in 
the  face,  and  disabled  for  further  duty  during  the  war. 

JAMES  McGUIRE,  Magoffin  County,  was  elected  first  lieutenant, 
Sept.  26,  1862.  He  took  part  in  nearly  every  battle  of  his  com 
pany,  and  was  wounded  at  Intrenchment  Creek  and  at  Jones 
boro'  . 

MILTON  B.  COX,  Morgan  County,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
Sept.  26,  1862.  He  took  part  in  most  of  the  battles  of  his  com 
mand,  and  was  wounded  in  the  shoulder  at  Rocky  Face  Gap,, 
May,  1864. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  15RIGADE.  705 

ROBT.  D.  STROTHER,  Morgan  County,  was  elected  second  lieuten 
ant,  Sept.  26,  1862.  When  the  regiment  marched  to  Chickamauga, 
he  was  left  sick,  with  incipient  consumption,  in  Virginia,  and 
was  generally  so  feeble  in  health,  during  the  entire  service,  as  to 
be  unable  for  duty  in  the  line. 

JESSE  FRANK  AMBERN,  Morgan  County,  was  accidentally 
wounded  in  the  foot,  in  front  of  Chattanooga,  Oct.  22,  1863. 
No  other  facts  relative  to  his  service  are  known  to  the  writer. 

THOMAS  BROOKS,  Magoffin  County,  died  of  disease  at  Holston 
Springs,  Va. ,  1862. 

DANIEL  WILLIAM  BURTON,  Magoffin  County,  was  generally 
employed  as  teamster  for  the  regiment. 

ALLEN  M.  BARKER,  Morgan  County,  participated  in  almost  every 
.battle  of  his  company,  and  was  wounded  at  Chickamauga,  Jones- 
boro',  and  Sandersville. 

[OHN  BERRY,  Lawrence  County.  (The  particulars  of  his  service 
are  not  remembered,  except  that  he  was  once  wounded  in  the 
right  leg.) 

LEVI  BELCHER,  Pike  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga,  and  was 
wounded  there;  fought  also  in  most  other  battles  in  which  his 
company  engaged,  and  was  wounded  again  at  Jonesboro'. 

BENJAMIN  F.  BECRAFT,  Bath  County,  took  part  in  nearly  all  the 
battles  of  his  company  up  to  Jonesboro',  where  he  was  killed, 
Sept.  i,  1864. 

JAMES  M.  BOURNE,  Bath  County,  was  in  Alabama  when  the  war 
broke  out,  and  enlisted  for  service  with  the  troops  of  that  State, 
Feb.  27,  1 86 1.  He  lost  an  eye  by  accidental  bayonet  wound, 
March  28,  1861,  and,  after  having  recovered  sufficiently  for  duty, 
he  served  with  the  Twentieth  Alabama  Infantry  till  Jan.  i,  1864, 
when  he  was  transferred  to  this  company.  He  was  afterward 
one  of  the  sergeants,  and  took  part  in  nearly  all  the  subsequent 
battles. 

JERRY  BRANCH,  Georgia,  was  not  enlisted  till  late  in  the  war, 
after  which  he  took  part  in  nearly  all  the  subsequent  operations  of 
the  company. 

CAMPBELL  C.  BROOKS,  Magoffin  County,  was  detailed  as  cou 
rier  some  time  after  having  enlisted,  and  generally  served  in  that 
capacity. 

PEYTON  B.  BYRNE,  Greenup  County,  was  an  old  man,  but  took 
part  in  most  of  the  battles  of  his  company. 

GEORGE  W.  COX,  Morgan  County.  (No  other  facts  relative  to  his 
service  have  been  furnished  the  writer  than  that  he  was  detailed 
and  some  time  acted  as  quartermaster-sergeant.) 

WM.  THOMAS  COX,  Morgan  County,  took  part  in  most  of  the  bat 
tles  of  his  company,  and  was  wounded  at  Dallas. 

JOHN  COX,  Morgan  County,  was  generally  employed  as  teamster. 

45 


706  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

DANIEL  GUMMING,  Estill  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga,  and 
was  wounded  there;  fought  also  at  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas,  and  was  again  wounded  at  Dallas,  but  recovered  and 
fought  at  Intrenchment  Creek,  where  he  was  killed,  July  22, 
1864. 

ELIJAH  D.  COCHRAN,  Morgan  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga. 
He  was  captured,  Nov.  23,  1863,  and  died  in  prison. 

SANFORD  DAVIS,  Morgan  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga.  He 
was  captured,  Nov.  23,  1863,  and  kept  in  prison  till  the  close  of 
the  war. 

JAMES  WM.  ELLINGTON,  Morgan  County,  fought  at  Chick 
amauga  and  Mission  Ridge,  and  died  of  disease  in  Atlanta,  Ga., 
March,  1864. 

JASPER  FRISBY,  Morgan  County,  took  part  in  most  of  the  battles 
of  his  company,  and  was  wounded  at  Jonesboro',  Aug.  31,  1864. 

JOHN  FOGG,  Georgia,  was  not  enlisted  till  near  the  close  of  the 
war,  and  took  part  in  only  the  closing  engagements. 

WILLIAM  J.  FERGUSON,  Morgan  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga, 
and  was  wounded  in  the  shoulder  at  that  place.  He  fought  also 
at  different  points  during  the  summer  campaign  of  1864,  and  wa.s 
captured  at  Intrenchment  Creek  and  detained  in  prison  till  the 
close  of  the  war. 

JOHN  L.  FERGUSON,  Morgan  County,  participated  in  most  of  the 
engagements  of  his  company,  and  was  wounded  at  Intrenchment 
Creek. 

MILTON  G.  F  ANN  IN, 'Morgan  County,  took  part  in  some  of  the 
operations  of  his  company,  but  was  captured  in  186-,  while  on 
furlough,  and  died  in  prison. 

HAWKINS  FULLER,  Pike  County,  engaged  in  most  of  the  battles 
of  his  company,  and  was  wounded  near  Atlanta,  1864. 

JOHN  FRANKLIN,  Magoffin  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga,  and 
was  wounded  in  both  legs,  but  recovered,  and  fought  also  at  Rocky 
Face  Gap  and  Resaca.  He  was  wounded  in  the  hand  at  the  lat 
ter  place,  May  14,  1864,  but  took  part  in  some  of  the  subsequent 
engagements. 

JOHN  FUGATE,  Morgan  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga,  and  was 
wounded  there;  fought  also  at  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas,  and  was  again  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  but  took  part 
in  some  of  the  subsequent  engagements. 

THOMAS  B.  GORDON,  Bath  County,  served  some  time  with  this 
company,  but  was  afterward  transferred  to  a  command  of  cavalry. 

GILBERT  GORDON,  Bath  County,  was  some  time  employed  in  the 
commissary  department.  No  other  facts  relative  to  his  service  are 
known  to  the  writer. 

NEAL  GORDON,  Bath  County,  was  transferred  to  a  cavalry  reg 
iment  in  186-,  with  which  he  afterward  served. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  707 

MATTHEW  J.  HOWERTON,  Morgaa  County,  engaged  in  a  num 
ber  of  battles  with  the  company,  and  was  killed  on  the  skirmish 
line  at  Kenesaw  Mountain,  June,  1864. 

EDWIN  V.  HENRY,  Morgan  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga,  Mis 
sion  Ridge,  Resaca,  Dallas,  and  Kenesaw  Mountain.  He  was 
wounded  at  Dallas,  May  28,  and  mortally  wounded  at  Kenesaw, 
June,  1864. 

WALTER  S.  HENRY,  Morgan  County,  was  first  sergeant  of  the 
company  during  the  first  years  of  his  service,  and  in  1865  was 
elected  second  lieutenant.  He  took  part  in  nearly  all  the  battles 
and  other  operations  of  his  command,  and  was  wounded  in  the 
neck  at  Intrenchment  Creek. 

PATRICK  HENRY,  Morgan  County,  was  transferred  to  cavalry,  in 
1862. 

WILLIAM  F.  HAVENS,  Morgan  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga, 
and  was  wounded  there  ;  fougty:  also  at  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas,  and  at  the  latter  place  was  again  wounded,  but»recov- 
ered  and  took  part  in  some  of  the  subsequent  engagements. 

JOHN  F.  HILL,  Morgan  County,  took  part  in  some  of  the  engage 
ments  and  the  general  operations  of  the  company,  but  nothing 
definite  respecting  his  service  is  known  to  the  writer. 

JAMES  M.  HANEY,  Morgan  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga, 
where  he  was  wounded  in  the  left  side,  but  recovered  and  took 
part  in  nearly  all  the  subsequent  battles. 

WM.  WALLACE  HAWKINS,  Bath  County,  died  of  disease  at  Hol- 
ston  Springs,  Va. ,  1862. 

WM.  JASPER  JONES,  Morgan  County,  died  of  disease  at  Hanson- 
ville,  Va.,  1863. 

DAVID  JENNINGS,  Morgan  County,  participated  in  the  various 
operations  and  in  some  of  the  battles  of  the  company,  but  defin 
ite  facts  relative  to  his  service  are  not  in  the  writer's  possession. 

WOODSON  JOHNSON,  Morgan  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga, 
Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from 
Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks; 
at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  wounded 
at  Chickamauga,  Dallas,  Jonesboro',  and  some  other  point  or 
points  not  now  remembered. 

JAMES  DAVIS  JOHNSON,  Morgan  County,  participated  in  most  of 
the  battles  of  his  command,  and  was  wounded  at  Jonesboro', 
Aug.  31,  1864. 

LUTHER  M.  JOHNSON, -Morgan  County,  took  part  in  most  of 
the  battles  of  his  company,  and  was  wounded  at  Intrenchment 
Creek,  July  22,  1864. 

AARON  KIDD,  Morgan  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to 
Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  at 
Jonesboro'.  He  was  mortally  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  Aug. 
31.  1864,  and  died  the  same  day. 


708  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

WILLIAM  W.  LEWIS,  Morgan  County,  participated  in  a  number  of 
engagements,  but  no  particulars  relative  to  his  service  are  known 
to  the  writer. 

WINSTON  LEMASTER,  Morgan  County,  was  captured,  Nov.  23, 
1863,  and  died  in  prison. 

MEREDITH  LEMASTER,  Morgan  County,  was  captured,  Nov.  23, 
1863,  and  died  in  prison. 

DUDLEY  C.  LYKINS,  Morgan  County,  took  part  in  most  of  the 
engagements  of  his  company,  and  was  wounded  in  the  head  at 
Jonesboro',  Sept.  i,  1864. 

JOSEPH  C.  LYKINS,  Morgan  County,  took  part  in  most  of  the  bat 
tles  of  his  company,  and  was  wounded  at  both  Resaca  and  Jones 
boro'. 

WM.  T.  MAY,  Kentucky.     No  facts  known  to  the  writer. 

JAMES  C.  McGUIRE,  Morgan  County,  took  part  in  some  of  the 
earlier  engagements,  but  was  discharged,  in  1864,  on  account  of 
ill  health.  He  was  afterward  arrested  and  imprisoned  till  the  war 
closed. 

JOHN  M.  McGUIRE,  Morgan  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga, 
Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca.  Shortly  after  the 
latter  engagement  he  was  accidentally  wounded,  but  took  part  in 
some  of  the  subsequent  operations. 

J.  FRANK  McGUIRE,  Morgan  County,  participated  in  most  of  the 
battles  of  his  command,  and  was  wounded  on  three  different  oc 
casions,  but  particulars  are  not  known  to  the  writer. 

JESSE  F.  McGUIRE,  Morgan  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga,  Mis 
sion  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas 
to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  Jones 
boro',  and  in  some  of  the  closing  engagements.  He  was  wounded 
at  Chickamauga,  Dallas,  Jonesboro',  and  on  another  occasion,  not 
now  remembered. 

WM.  H.  MANNING,  Morgan  County,  took  part  in  most  of  the  bat 
tles  of  his  company,  and  was  wounded  at  Jonesboro',  Aug.  31, 
1864. 

WM.  MAY,  Morgan  County,  participated  in  most  of  the  engagements 
of  his  company  till  Nov.  1864,  when  he  was  accidentally  killed. 

WM.  ODITT,  Morgan  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga,  and  was 
wounded  there.  He  was  captured  in  November,  1863,  and  died 
in  prison. 

JOHN  PALMER,  Ohio,  died  of  disease  at  Jonesville,  Va. 

JOHN  REED,  Bath  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca,  and  was  killed  at  the  latter  place, 
May  14,  1864. 

WM.  RIADON,  Bath  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga,  and  was 
wounded  there  ;  fought  also  at  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas.  He  was  wounded  also  at  Dallas,  but  took 
part  in  a  number  of  subsequent  engagements. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  709 

EZEKIEL  M.  RATCLIFFE,  Morgan  County,  participated  in  some 
of  the  battles  and  other  operations  of  his  company,  and  was 
wounded  at  Intrenchment  Creek,  July  22,  1864. 

LLEWELLYN  RIADON,  Bath  County,  fought  in  most  of  the  battles 
of  his  command,  and  was  wounded  at  both  Dallas  and  Pine 
Mountain. 

WM.  REED,  Bath  County,  was  on  almost  every  battlefield  of  his  com 
mand  as  a  member  of  the  regimental  infirmary  corps. 

JOHN  H.  SETTERS,  Mason  County,  engaged  in  most  of  the  battles 
of  his  company,  and  was  wounded  and  captured  at  Intrenchment 
Creek. 

TOM  STEVENS,  Mason  County,  was  usually  on  detail  service  as 
butcher. 

ISAIAH  SALYER,  Scott  County,  Va.,  fought  at  Chickamauga,  Mis 
sion  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca.  He  was  disabled  at 
the  latter  place,  May  14,  1864,  by  the  loss  of  an  arm. 

JOHN  SALYER,  Scott  County,  Va.,  fought  in  most  of  the  battles  of 
his  company,  and  was  once  wounded. 

BENJAMIN  C.  STAMPER,  Morgan  County,  fought  at  Chicka 
mauga,  and  was  wounded  there.  He  also  took  part  in  other  en 
gagements  of  his  command,  but  particulars  are  not  known  to  the 
writer. 

JOHN  S.  STAMPER,  Morgan  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Chicka 
mauga,  Sept.  20,  1863. 

WM.  J.  SPARKS,  Morgan  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga  and  Mis 
sion  Ridge.  He  was  captured  at  the  latter  place,  November, 
1863,  and  detained  in  prison  till  the  close  of  the  war. 

JOHN  SHULTZ,  Bath  County,  died  of  disease  at  Holston  Springs, 
Va.,  1863. 

WM.  H.  VANCE,  Morgan  County,  was  generally  employed  as  team 
ster. 

R.  1).  WEAVER,  Rowan  County,  was  usually  employed  in  the  med 
ical  department. 

JAMES  M.  WILLIAMSON,  Bath  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga, 
Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas.  He  was 
wounded  at  the  latter  place,  May  28,  1864,  and  died  at  Atlanta, 
from  the  effects  of  it,  about  a  month  afterward. 

JAMES  M.  WEDDINGTON,  Pike  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga, 
and  was  wounded  there.  He  took  part  in  other  battles  of  the 
company,  but  further  particulars  are  not  known  to  the  writer. 

JNO.  T.  YOUNG,  Bath  County,  was  transferred  to  cavalry,  in  1863. 


710  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

SUPPLEMENTAL  LIST. 

The  following  names,  not  included  in  the  above  account,  are  found 
on  the  roll  of  Co.  F,  now  on  file  in  Washington,  D.  C. ,  as  part  of  the 
archives  captured  at  Richmond  in  1865  : 

ANDREW  J.  PARKER,  Morgan  County,  was  elected  first  lieutenant, 

Sept.  14,  1862. 
JESSE  SALYER,  Magoffin  County,  second  corporal;   was  transferred 

from  Lykins'  company. 
THO.  J.  WILLIAMS,  Floyd  County,  chief  musician  ;  was  transferred 

to  Co.  A. 
JOHN  W.  BRAY,  Moccasin,  Va.,  was  transferred  from  Co.  G;  died 

at  Holston,  March  i,  1863. 
ALFRED  BROWN,  Moccasin,   Va.,   was  transferred  from  Co.  K; 

was  discharged,  March  26,  1863. 

DAVIS  BROWN,  Pike  County. 

ZACHARIAH  BARNES,  Montgomery  County,  was  transferred  from 
Second  Kentucky  Cavalry,  May  27,  1863;  was  retransferred  Aug. 
i,  1863. 

CHARLES  BEVINS,  Lewis  County,  was  transferred  from  Second 
Kentucky  Cavalry,  May  27,  1863;  was  retransferred  Aug.  i, 
1863. 

ISAAC  COLBERT,  Montgomery  County,  was  transferred  from  Sec 
ond  Kentucky  Cavalry,  May  27,  1863;  was  retransferred  Aug. 
10,  1863. 

JOHN  J.  COOPER,  Lewis  County,  was  transferred  from  Second 
Kentucky  Cavalry,  May  27,  1863;  was  retransferred  Aug.  10, 
1863. 

R.  H.  COLVIN,  Lewis  County,  was  transferred  from  Second  Ken 
tucky  Cavalry,  May  27,  1863;  was  retransferred  Aug.  10,  1863. 

J.  P.  COLVIN,  Lewis  County,  was  transferred  from  Second  Kentucky 
Cavalry,  May  27,  1863;  was  retransferred  Aug.  10,  1863. 

THOMAS  CARR,  Lewis  County,  was  transferred  from  Second  Ken 
tucky  Cavalry,  May  27,  1863;  was  retransferred  Aug.  10,  1863. 

JAMES  CARROLTON,  -  — ,  was  transferred  from  Second 

Kentucky  Cavalry,  May  27,  1863;  was  retransferred  Aug.  10, 
1863. 

JAMES  DUNAWAY,  Morgan  County. 

ANDREW  J.  DOWNS,  Bath  County. 

LEWIS  DOYLE,  Lewis  County,  was  transferred  from  Second  Ken 
tucky  Cavalry,  May  27,  1863;  was  retransferred  Aug.  10,  1863. 

COLEMAN  EVANS,  Fleming  County,  was  transferred  from  Second 
Kentucky  Cavalry,  May  27,  1863;  was  retransferred  Aug.  10, 
1863. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  711 

HIRAM    FARMER,  Letcher  County,  was  transferred  from  Co.  G; 

died  at  Jonesville,  Va.,  Feb.  19,  1863. 
JOHN  FISH,  Hawkins  County,  Tenn.,  was  transferred  from  Second 

Kentucky  Cavalry,   May   27,  1863;  was  retransferred  Aug.    10, 

1863. 
WM.  W.  GULLETT,  Magoffin  County,  was  transferred  from  Lykins' 

Co. ;  wounded  July  22,  1864. 
WM.  GWINN,  Lewis  County,  was  transferred  from  Second  Kentucky 

Cavalry,  June  15,  1863;  was  retransferred  Aug.  10,  1863. 

LEWIS  HENRY,  Johnson  County,  was  transferred  to  Williams's 
company. 

IRA  HANEY,  Estillville,  Va. ,  was  transferred  from  Twenty-seventh 
Virginia,  June  i,  1863;  was  retransferred  Aug.  10,  1863. 

COLEMAN  HANEY,  Estillville,  Va.,  was  transferred  from  Twenty- 
seventh  Virginia,  June  i,  1863;  was  retransferred  Aug.  10,  1863. 

MADISON  D.  HANLEY,  Holston,  Va.,  was  transferred  to  Co.  H, 
Fourth  Kentucky  Cavalry,  Nov.  24,  1863. 

SAMUEL  HUMPHRIES,  Hawkins  County,  Tenn.,  was  transferred 
from  Second  Kentucky  Cavalry,  June  15,  1863;  was  retrans 
ferred,  Aug.  10,  1863. 

ISAIAH  HALL,  Hawkins  County,  Tenn.,  was  transferred  from  Sec 
ond  Kentucky  Cavalry,  June  15,  1863;  was  retransferred  Aug. 
10,  1863. 

IRA  HUNTLEY,  Lewis  County,  was  transferred  from  Second  Ken 
tucky  Cavalry,  June  15,  1863  ;  was  retransferred  Aug.  10,  1863. 

JOSEPH  HEROLD,  Lewis  County,  was  transferred  from  Second 
Kentucky  Cavalry,  June  15,  1863  ;  was  retransferred,  Aug.  10, 
1863. 

O.  A.  KIDWELL,  Trimble  County,  was  transferred  from  Fourth  Ken 
tucky  Cavalry,  May  22,  1863  ;  was  retransferred  Aug.  10,  1863. 

JOEL  F.  McGUIRE,  Magoffin  County,  was  transferred  from  Lykins' 
Co.  ;  wounded  May  28,  1864. 

J.  P.  MANLEY,  Pike  County,  was  transferred  from  Second  Ken 
tucky  Cavalry,  May  22,  1863;  was  retransferred,  Aug.  10,  1863. 

L.  P.  MANLY,  Bath  County,  was  transferred  from  Second  Ken 
tucky  Cavalry,  May  22,  1863;  was  retransferred  Aug.  10,  1863. 

A.  J.  MILLER,  Fleming  County,  was  transferred  from  Second  Ken 
tucky  Cavalry,  May  22,  1863;  was  retransferred  Aug.  10,  1863. 

JAMES  McKINNEY,  Holston,  Va. 
JOHN  D.  PERRY,  Morgan  County. 

THOMAS  D.  PERRY,  Fleming  County,  was  transferred  from  Sec 
ond  Kentucky  Cavalry,  May  22,  1863;  was  retransferred  Aug. 
10,  1863. 

JAMES  B.  PAYNE,  Breathitt  County,  was  transferred  from  Second 
Kentucky  Cavalry,  May  22,  1863;  was  retransferred  Aug.  10, 
1863. 


712  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

WM.  A.  SWARTZ,  Floyd  County,  was  formerly  of  Ewing's  company; 
then  of  Connor's. 

JOHN  STRICKLIN,  Johnson  County  ;  transferred  from  Co.  A. 

JAMES  C.  STAGEY,  Letcher  County,  formerly  of  Co.  A;  then  of 
Bradshaw's  company. 

DAVID  STOUT,  Lewis  County,  was  transferred  from  Second  Ken 
tucky  Cavalry,  May  22,  1863;  was  retransferred,  Aug.  10,  1863. 

ALONZO  STOUT,  Lewis  County,  was  transfered  from  Second  Ken 
tucky  Cavalry,  May  22,  1863;  was  retransferred  Aug.  10,  1863. 

A.  G.  STOUT,  Lewis  County,  was  transferred  May  22,  1863;  was 
retransferred  Aug.  10,  1863. 

JOHN  SHEPHERD,  Fleming  County,  was  transferred  from  Second 
Kentucky  Cavalry,  May  22,  1863;  was  retransferred  Aug.  10, 
1863. 

ALLEN  SPENCER,  Montgomery  County,  was  transferred  from  Sec 
ond  Kentucky  Cavalry,  May  22,  1863;  was  retransferred  Aug. 
10,  1863. 

C.  H.  SAUNDERS,  Fleming  County,  was  transferred  from  Second 
Kentucky  Cavalry,  May  22,  1863;  was  retransferred  Aug.  10, 
1863. 

JAMES  N.  TODD,  Lewis  County,  was  transferred  from  Second  Ken 
tucky  Cavalry,  May  22,  1863;  was  retransferred  Aug.  10,  1863. 

JAMES  M.  TAYLOR,  Lewis  County,  was  transferred  from  Second 
Kentucky  Cavalry,  May  22,  1863;  was  retransferred  Aug.  10, 
1863. 

WM.  TAYLOR,  Lewis  County,  was  transferred  from  Second  Ken 
tucky  Cavalry,  May  22,  1863;  was  retransferred  Aug.  10,  1863. 

O.  P.  THOMAS,  Fleming  County,  was  transferred  from  Second  Ken 
tucky  Cavalry,  May  22,  1863;  was  retransferred  Aug.  10,  1863. 

JOHN  TACKETT,  Hansonville,  Va.,  was  killed  July  22,  1864. 

COMPANY  D,   FIFTH  REGIMENT. 

A.  C.  COPE,  Breathitt  County,  was  elected  captain,  October  9,  1862. 
He  fought  at  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

JAMES  K.  P.  SOUTH,  Frankfort,  was  elected  first  lieutenant,  Oct. 
9,  1862.  He  fought  at  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca,  Dallas,  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy 
Creeks,  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  He  en 
listed  in  Co.  B  when  less  than  fifteen  years  old;  afterward,  when 
Co.  D  was  organized,  he  was  elected  first  lieutenant,  and  transferred 
to  that  company. 

HAYDEN  FERGUSON,  Johnson  County,  was  elected  second  lieu 
tenant,  Oct.  9.  1862.  He  fought  at  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas,  and  was  wounded  at  the 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  713 

latter  place.      He  was  some  time  disabled,  but  rejoined  company, 
and  took  part  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

GABRIEL  HAYS,  Kentucky,  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  Oct.  9, 
1862  ;  was  captured  in  1863. 

GEO.  W.  SEWELL,  Breathitt  County,  was  appointed  first  sergeant, 
Oct.  9,  1862.  He  fought  at  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas.  He  was  severely  wounded  at  the 
latter  place,  but  recovered  and  fought  at  Jonesboro'  and  in  the 
mounted  engagements. 

HENRY  JAYNE,  Johnson  County,  was  appointed  second  sergeant, 
Oct.  9,  1862.  He  fought  at  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca,  Dallas,  and  in  nearly  every  subsequent  en 
gagement. 

ANDREW  J.  HOUNSHELL,  Breathitt  County,  was  appointed  third 
sergeant,  Oct.  9,  1862.  He  fought  at  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to 
Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both 
days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

ED  R.  TURNER,  Breathitt  County,  was  appointed  fourth  sergeant, 
Oct.  9,  1862,  and  was  killed  in  battle  at  Chickamauga. 

WM.  JAYNE,  Johnson  County,  was  appointed  fifth  sergeant  in  1863. 
He  fought  at  Chickamauga,  and  was  wounded  there;  fought  also 
at  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas  ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta; 
at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks.  He  was  again 
wounded  at  the  latter  place,  July  22,  1864,  and  was  disabled  for 
further  service  during  the  war. 

GEO.  W.  BARKER,  Johnson  County,  was  appointed  first  corporal, 
Oct.  9,  1862.  He  fought  at  Chickamauga,  and  was  wounded  in 
the  breast  there;  fought  also  at  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  In 
trenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  and  both  days  at  Jonesboro'. 
During  the  cavalry  operations,  he  was  with  the  dismounted  de 
tachment. 

AVM.  H.  SMITH,  Kentucky,  was  appointed  second  corporal,  Sept. 
20,  1862;  was  wounded  at  Chickamauga,  Sept.  20,  1863. 

JOSHUA  ELDRIDGE,  Johnson  County,  was  appointed  second  cor 
poral,  Oct.  9,  1862.  He  fought  at  Chickamauga,  and  was 
wounded  there ;  fought  also  at  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  Peach- 
tree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  Jonesboro'.  He  was 
again  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  and  consequently  did  not  take 
part  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

I..  C.  COCKRILL,  Breathitt  County,  was  appointed  third  corporal  in 
1863.  He  fought  at  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
.Gap,  Resaca,  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  and 
Jonesboro'.  He  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  and  did  not 
take  part  in  the  mounted  operations.  He  was  killed  in  Jackson, 
Ky. ,  after  the  war. 

LEWIS  PELFREY,  Kentucky,  was  appointed  fourth  corporal,  Sept. 
ii,  1862  ;  died  at  Jonesville,  Ya.,  Feb.  22,  1863. 


714  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

JOHN  AIKIN,  Kentucky,  was  transferred  to  Co.  B,  June  i,  1863. 

WM.  WALLACE  BAILEY,  Kentucky,  was  some  time  second  cor 
poral;  was  wounded  near  Atlanta,  Aug.  9,  1864. 

JAMES  BARNETT,  Kentucky,  was  transferred  to  Co.  B,  June  i, 
1863. 

THOMPSON  S.  CAUDILL,  Breathitt  County,  fought  at  Chicka- 
mauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  he 
was  severely  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  but  rejoined  the  com 
pany  and  took  part  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

JAMES  CAUDILL,  Breathitt  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga,  Mis 
sion  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas 
to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both 
days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

WILEY  COOPER,  Breathitt  County,  died  of  disease  at  Newnan, 
Ga.,  in  1863. 

GALLOWAY  COOPER,  Breathitt  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga, 
Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dal 
las  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks, 
and  at  Jonesboro'.  During  the  cavalry  operations,  he  did  vari 
ous  service  to  the  close. 

GREEN  COOPER,  Breathitt  County,  was  discharged  in  1863,  or 
account  of  disability  by  disease. 

JAMES  M.  DARNELL,  Breathitt  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga. 
Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas.  He  was 
severely  woumded  at  the  latter  place,  but  rejoined  the  company 
in  the  autumn,  and  took  part  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

JESSE  ELDRIDGE,  Johnson  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga,  and 
was  wounded  there;  fought  also  at  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree, 
Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mount 
ed  engagements. 

WILLIAM  FOUCH,  Breathitt  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga,  Mis 
sion  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas,  and  was  killed 
at  the  latter  place,  May  28,  1864. 

L.  KLINE,  Breathitt  County,  died  of  disease  in  1863. 

ISAAC  LYKINS,  Breathitt  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga,  and 
Jonesboro'.  No  further  particulars  respecting  his  service  are 
known  to  the  writer. 

JNO.  J.  LAMASTER,  Johnson  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga, 
Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas.  He  was 
wounded  at  the  latter  place,  but  rejoined  the  company  in  the 
autumn,  and  took  part  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

ANDREW  J.  MILLER,    Breathitt  County,   was   killed   in   battle  at 

Chickamauga,  Sept.  20,  1863. 
SAMUEL  MILLER,  Breathitt  County,  died  of  disease  in  1863. 

GEORGE  MONTGOMERY,  Breathitt  County,  was  killed  in  battle 
at  Chickamauga. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  715 

ABNER  H.  QUILLEN,  Breathitt  County,  was  appointed  sergeant- 
major  in  1863,  and  took  part  in  almost  every  engagement  of  his 
regiment. 

LEWIS  NAPIER,  Breathitt  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  Dallas,  and  almost  every  subse 
quent  engagement  of  his.  company. 

PLEASANT  SPURLOCK,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Dallas,  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted 
engagements. 

JOHN  R.  TOMLINSON,  Breathitt  County,  fought  at  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta; 
and  at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks.  He  was  wounded 
at  the  latter  place,  July  22,  1864,  but  recovered  and  took  part  in 
the  mounted  engagements. 

KMMETT  TOMLINSON,  Breathitt  County,  lost  an  arm  in  battle  at 
Chickamauga,  Sept.  20,  1863,  and  was  soon  afterward  discharged. 

KLIPHAS  P.  WILLIAMS,  Johnson  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga, 
Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas,  and  was 
permanently  disabled  at  the  latter  place,  by  the  loss  of  a  leg,  May 
28,  1864. 

COMPANY  E,  FIFTH  REGIMENT. 

JOHN  CALVERT,  Owen  County,  was  elected  captain,  October, 
1862,  and  fought  at  Chickamauga,  Sept.  20,  1863.  He  was 
mortally  wounded  in  that  battle,  and  died  at  Marietta,  Ga. ,  Sept. 
25,  1863. 

GEORGE  R.  YATES,  Scott  County  was  elected  first  lieutenant,  Oc 
tober,  1862,  and  was  killed  in  battle  at  Chickamauga,  Sept.  20, 
1863. 

J(  )SEPH  M.  ABBOTT,  Louisville,  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  Oc 
tober,  1862;  was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant,  September,  1863, 
and  to  captain,  January,  1864.  He  fought  at  Chickamauga,  Mis 
sion  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca ;  in  skirmishes  from 
New  Hope  Church  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and 
Utoy  Creeks;  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  engagements  of  the 
mounted  infantry. 

JOHN  W.  GWINN,  Owen  County,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
Aug.  30,  1863,  and  promoted  to  first  lieutenant,  January,  1864. 
He  fought  at  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas.  He  was  mortally  wounded  at  the  latter  place, 
May  28,  and  died  June  i,  1864. 

JOHN  W.  GREEN,  Owen  County.      (See  biography.) 

HENRY  CLAY  ELLIS,  Carroll  County,  fought  with  Co.  H,  Second 
Regiment,  until  January,  1864,  when  he  was  elected  to  a  second 
lieutenantcy  in  this  company,  and  fought  with  it  at  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree, 
Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in 
the  mounted  engagements. 


716  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

PASCHAL  ADAMS,  Owen  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga. 

ELIJAH  BALLARD,  Owen  County,  enlisted  when  but  fifteen  years 
of  age,  and  fought  at  Chickamauga,  where  he  was  wounded  and 
permanently  disabled.  Died  at  Walton,  Ky.,  about  twenty-five 
years  after  the  war. 

B.  D.  BALLARD,  Owen  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga,  and  was 
wounded  there,  but  rejoined  the  company  at  Dalton,  and  fought  ft 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ; 
at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jones- 
boro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

JAMES  BEVERLY,  Owen  County,  was  left  sick  when  the  regimer  t 
marched  to  Chickamauga,  but  rejoined  it  in  front  of  Chattanooga, 
and  fought  at  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dal 
las;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and 
Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  en 
gagements. 

JOHN  BARNES,  Owen  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga,  but  w£..s 
disabled  afterward,  by  disease,  for  service  in  the  ranks,  and  was 
usually  employed,  till  the  close,  in  hospital  duty. 

GEORGE  M.  BEATTY,  Owen  County.    No  facts  known  to  the  writer. 

JOHN  BEATTY,  Owen  County,  died  of  disease  at  Johnsonville,  V;u 

(Date  unknown  to  the  writer.) 
PETER  BEATTY,  Owen  County,  was  captured  while  the  regiment 

was  in   Kentucky,  autumn  of  1862,  and  died  at  Jackson,  Miss., 

1863,  after  having  been  exchanged. 

CHARLES  BRADLEY,  Owen  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga,  and 
was  wounded  there ;  fought  also  at  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  and  at  Peachtree  and  Intrench 
ment  Creeks.  He  was  again  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  July  22, 

1864,  but  recovered  and  took  part  in  the  subsequent  operations  of 
the  command. 

JOHN  H.  CALVERT,  Owen  County,  was  appointed  fourth  corporal, 
in  1863,  and  was  promoted  to  fifth  sergeant,  1864.  He  fought  at 
Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas,  and  was  severely  wounded  at  the  latter  place.  He  died 
in  Atlanta,  July,  1864,  from  the  effects  of  the  wound. 

WILLIAM  CANNON,  Owen  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga,  Mis 
sion  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas 
to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both 
days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

J.  D.  FRANKS,  Owen  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Chickamaug;'.. 

MARION   GALE,  Grant  County,  died   of  disease   in   Atlanta,  Ga. , 

1863. 
JAMES   GREEN,  Owen  County,  died  of  disease  at  Jonesville,  Va., 

March  4,  1863.      He  had  enlisted  at  sixteen  years  of  age. 

JAMES  R.  HEARNE,  Grant  County,  died  of  disease  of  Abingdon, 
Va.,  1862. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  717 

J.  T.  HENSLEY,  Owen  County,  was  greatly  incapacitated  by  disease 
for  duty  in  the  ranks,  but  fought  at  Jonesboro',  where  he  was 
wounded  and  captured,  and  was  never  afterward  heard  of. 

EDWARD  HERNDON,  Grant  County,  was  left  in  Virginia,  sick, 
when  the  regiment  marched  to  Chickamauga,  but  rejoined  it  in 
front  of  Chattanooga,  and  fought  at  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree, 
Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and 
in  the  mounted  engagements. 

J.  D.  HEAD,  Owen  County,  was  on  detached  service  almost  the  en 
tire  term  for  which  he  was  enlisted. 

WILLIAM  ISRAEL,  Owen  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga. 

J(  )HN  W.  JACOBS,  Owen  County,  was  frequently  incapacitated  for 
service  in  the  ranks  by  ill  health,  but  remained  till  the  close  of 
the  war,  and  fought  at  Chickamauga  and  in  some  of  the  other  en 
gagements. 

WILLIAM  JUMP,  Grant  County,  was  a  rather  old  man,  and  some 
times  unfitted  by  ill  health  for  duty  in  the  ranks,  but  fought  at 
Chickamauga,  Intrenchment  Creek,  and  other  points  not  now  re 
membered. 

JOHN  JUMP,  Grant  County,  died  of  disease  at  Montgomery,  Ala., 
1862. 

SILAS  JONES,  Owen  County,  died  of  disease  at  Abingdon,  Va., 
1862. 

JESSE  JOHNSTON,  Owen  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga,  where 
he  was  wounded  and  disabled  for  infantry  service.  He  was  after 
ward  transferred  to  the  Fourth  Kentucky  Cavalry. 

GKO.  M.  JAMEISON,  Grant  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga,  Mis 
sion  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas 
to  Atlanta  ;  and  at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks.  He  was 
wounded  at  the  latter  place,  but  recovered  and  took  part  in  the 
mounted  engagements. 

JOSEPH  LONG,  Owen  County,  fought  at  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment, 
and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  at  Jonesboro'.  He  was  captured  near 
Stockbridge,  Ga. ,  November,  1864,  but  was  exchanged  and  took 
part  in  some  of  the  concluding  operations. 

W.  T.  LUCAS,  Grant  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  At 
lanta  ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  Jonesboro', 
and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

JAMES  LYON,  Owen  County,  fought  at  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment, 
and  Utoy  Creeks;  at  Jonesboro',  both  days,  and  in  the  mounted 
engagements. 

JERRY  LYON,  Owen  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga,  where  he  was 
wounded  and  permanently  disabled,  Sept.  20,  1863. 


718  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

THOMAS  LONG,  Owen  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga,  and  was 
wounded  there;  fought  also  at  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  and  at  Peachtree, 
Intrenchment,  and  U toy  Creeks.  He  was  wounded  at  the  latter 
place,  Aug.  6,  1864,  but  recovered*  and  took  part  in  some  of  the 
mounted  engagements. 

WM.  MOORE,  Owen  County,  served  to  the  close  of  the  war,  and 
fought  at  Chickamauga,  but  it  is  not  known  to  the  writer  what 
battles  he  was  engaged  in. 

JOHN  McGREGORY,  Grant  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga,  where 
he  was  wounded  and  permanently  disabled. 

.AMBROSE  MOORE,  Owen  County,  fought  at  Rocky  Face  Gap 
and  Resaca,  and  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place.  He  recovered 
and  served  to  the  close,  taking  part  in  some  of  the  subsequent  en 
gagements. 

JOHN  MAJORS,  Owen  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  At 
lanta;  and  at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks.  He  was 
wounded  at  the  latter  place,  July  22,  1864,  and  was  never  after 
ward  heard  of. 

GEORGE  OSBORNE,  Owen  County,  died  of  disease  in  Atlanta, 
1863. 

JAMES  PERRY,  Owen  County,  fought  at  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas,  and  was  killed  on  the  skirmish  line  at  the  latter  place, 
May  26,  1864.  He  was  sick  in  Virginia  at  the  time  of  the  battles 
of  Chickamauga  and  Mission  Ridge. 

ROBERT  PEARCE,  Owen  County,  was  wounded  in  battle  at  Chick 
amauga,  and  permanently  disabled. 

D.  A.  ROWLETT,  Owen  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to 
Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both 
days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

GEO.  M.  SMITH,  Henry  County,  was  appointed  fifth  sergeant  in 
1863,  and  promoted  to  second  sergeant,  January  15,  1864.  He 
fought  at  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas. 
He  was  mortally  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  May  28,  and  died 
at  Marietta,  Ga. ,  May  30,  1864. 

WILLIS  SMITH,  Owen  County,  fought  at  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas ;  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place;  fought  also  st 
Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days  at  Jones 
boro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

B.  SMITH,  Owen  County,  died  of  disease  at  Jonesville,  Miss.,  1862. 

.GREEN  P.  SMITH,  Owen  County,  fought  at  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  after  this  he  was  engaged  some  time  as  team 
ster  in  charge  of  ambulance,  but  fought  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the 
mounted  engagements;  committed  suicide  near  Jonesville,  Ky., 
Saturday  morning,  Sept,  9,  1893,  while  suffering  from  aberration 
of  mind  because  of  the  accidental  death  of  an  adopted  son. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  719 

JOHN  H.  STEWART,  Owen  County,  died  of  disease  at  Abingdon, 
Va.,  1862. 

HAYDEN  STEWART,  Owen  County,  died  of  disease  at  Abingdon, 
Va.,  1862. 

WHITEFIELD  SANDERS,  Owen  County,  died  of  disease  at  Holston 
Springs,  Va. ,  1862. 

[AMES  SHELTON,  Owen  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  At 
lanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days 
at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

WM.  HAYDEN  SHELTON,  Owen  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at 
Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  at  Jonesboro',  and 
in  the  mounted  engagements. 

ROBERT  STEWART,  Owen  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga,  and 
was  killed  in  the  last  and  decisive  charge,  Sept.  20,  1863. 

JOHN  SIMONS,  Washington  County,  Va.,  served  one  year  in  East 
Kentucky  and  West  Virginia,  under  Col.  May  and  Col.  Hawkins, 
and  fought  at  Ivy  Mountain  and  Princeton.  Reenlisted  in  the 
new  organization,  October,  1862,  and  fought  at  Chickamauga, 
Sept.  20,  1863,  where  he  was  wounded  and  permanently  disabled. 

SPENCER  THOMAS,  Owen  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga,  Mis 
sion  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap.  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to 
Atlanta,  and  at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks.  He  was 
wounded  at  the  latter  place,  but  returned  to  duty,  August  3oth, 
and  was  killed  in  battle  at  Jonesboro',  Aug.  31,  1864. 

HENRY  TUCKER,  Bourbon  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga,  Mis 
sion  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas 
to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  at 
Jonesboro'.  He  was  mortally  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  Aug. 
31,  1864,  and  died  a  few  days  afterward  at  Macon. 

CARTER  THOMAS,  Owen  County,  died  of  disease  at  Holston 
Springs,  Va. ,  1863. 

JAMES  W.  WATERS,  Owen  County,  died  of  disease  at  Vicksburg, 
Miss.,  1863. 

STEPHEN  D.  WEBSTER,  Grant  County,  died  of  disease  at  Abing 
don,  Va.,  soon  after  having  enlisted. 

BENJAMIN  WRIGHT,  Owen  County,  fought  at  Peachtree,  In 
trenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted 
engagements. 

WILEY  WEBSTER,  Grant  County,  was  afflicted  so  as  to  be  rendered 
partially  deaf,  and  was  not  required  to  go  into  battle,  but  he  was 
generally  on  duty  as  teamster. 

RICHARD  YARBROUGH,  Owen  County,  fought  at  Chickamaugn, 
where    he  was  wounded    and  permanently  disabled,   Sept.   20, 
1863. 


720  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 


SUPPLEMENTARY  LIST. 

The  following  names  are  found  on  the  rolls  of  Co.  E,  now  on  file  in 
Washington,  D.  C.,  as  part  of  the  archives  of  the  Confederate  Govern 
ment,  which  were  captured  at  Richmond  in  1865.  The  facts  given  as 
to  their  service  are  meagre,  but  it  will  be  noted  that  several  of  them 
did  render  soldierly  service  and  ought  to  be  put  on  record  accordingly. 
It  is  to  be  inferred  that  this  is  the  case  with  those  about  whom  no  re 
marks  are  made  on  the  captured  rolls,  as  a  few  who  enlisted  but  did 
no  duty  with  the  company  are  specially  marked  as  deserters.  These 
are  not  included  in  the  following  list : 

WM.  H.  GARNETT,  Owen  County,  was  elected  first  lieutenant, 
Sept.  15,  1862  ;  was  soon  afterward  made  quartermaster  of  Free 
man's  Battalion. 

JOSEPH  W.  THOMAS,  Owen  County,  first  sergeant.  He  was  pro 
moted  successively  from  fifth  sergeant ;  was  wounded  at  Chick- 
amauga. 

SPENCER  CARTER,  Owen  County,  first  sergeant  subsequently. 
He  was  promoted  successively  from  third  corporal.  Was  dis 
charged,  March  28,  1863. 

W.  H.  MEFFORD,  Owen  County,  fifth  sergeant. 

MOSES  DAVIS,  Owen  County,  first  corporal.  He  was  promoted 
successively  from  fourth  corporal. 

GEORGE  BEATTY,  Owen  County,  second  corporal. 
JESSE  JOHNSON,  Owen  County,  third  corporal. 
JOHN  W.  SMITH,  Owen  County,  fourth  corporal. 

BENJ.  ALCORN,  Owen  County,  was  transferred  to  cavalry  Oct.  12, 
1862;  returned  to  company  May  27,  1863. 

J.  T.  AYERS,  Owen  County,  transferred  from  Scott's  cavalry  com 
pany. 

PASCHAL  AYERS,  Owen  County. 

Z.  K.  ASHLEY,  Owen  County. 

BERRY  BALLARD,  Owen  County,  was  wounded  at  Chickamauga. 

ISAAC  BURKE,  Owen  County. 

JAMES  A.  BRADLEY,  Scott  County,  was  wounded  at  Chickamauga. 

WM.  BECK,  Owen  County,  was  transferred  from  Fourth  Cavalry, 
May  27,  1863. 

JOSEPH  BARNES,  Owen  County,  was  left  sick  at  Camp  Blakemore, 
1862. 

GEORGE  BANKS,  Owen  County,  was  transferred  from  Fourth  Cav 
alry,  May  27,  1863. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  721 

G.  W.  CARLTON,  Owen  County. 
JAMES  CHAMBERS,  Owen  County. 

WOODFORD  GULP,   Owen  County,   died  at  Hickory  Flats,  Va., 

March  12,  1863. 
GRANVILLE   CROUCH,    Owen    County,    was    transferred    from 

Fourth  Cavalry,  May  27,  1863. 

J.  H.  CROUCH,  Owen  County,  was  transferred  from  Fourth  Cav 
alry,  May  27,  1863. 

MASON  CARTER,  Owen  County,  was  transferred  from  Fourth  Cav 
alry,  May  27,  1863. 

A.  CONNELL,  Owen  County,  was  transferred  from  Fourth  Cavalry, 
May  27,  1863. 

HARDIN  DAVIS,  Owen  County,  was  transferred  from  Fourth  Cav 
alry,  May  27,  1863. 

VVM.  D.  HAYDEN,  Owen  County,  died  at  Jonesville,  Va.,  Feb.  24, 

1863. 

\V.  S.  HURD,  Owen  County. 
\VILSON  HUNT,  Owen  County,  was  discharged,   March  28,  1863. 

[AMES  M.  HAYDEN,  Owen  County,  was  transferred  from  Fourth 
Cavalry,  May  27,  1863. 

ANDREW  HUMPHRIES,  Owen  County,  was  transferred  from 
Fourth  Cavalry,  May  27,  1863. 

COLUMBUS  INGRAM,  Owen  County. 
VVM.  JENNINGS,  Owen  County. 
BENJAMIN  KENNEY,  Owen  County, 

JOHN  KENDALL,  Owen  County,  was  transferred  from  Fourth 
Cavalry,  May  27,  1863. 

HEZEKIAH  MAY,  Owen  County,  was  transferred  from  Fourth 
Cavalry,  May  27,  1863. 

WESLEY  MAY,  Owen  County,  was  transferred  from  Fourth  Cavalry, 
May  27,  1863. 

S.  G.  MORELAND,  Owen  County,  was  transferred  from  Fourth 
Cavalry,  May  27,  1863. 

R.  MITCHELL,  Owen  County,  was  transferred  from  Fourth  Cav 
alry,  May  27,  1863. 

JOHN  N.  MARTIN,  Owen  County,  was  transferred  from  Fourth 
Cavalry,  May  27,  1863. 

HENRY  OLIVER,  Owen  County,  was  transferred  from  Fourth  Cav 
alry,  May  27,  1863. 

W.  L.  RENFRO,  Owen  County. 
JACOB  RENFRO,  Owen  County. 
SAMUEL  RENSHAW,  Owen  County. 


722  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

GEO.  T.  RANSDELL,  Owen  County,  was  transferred  from  Fourth 
Cavalry,  May  27,  1863. 

THOMAS  ROY,  Owen  County,  was  transferred  from  Fourth  Cavalry, 
May  27,  1863. 

NATHANIEL  RAZOR,  Owen  County,  was  transferred  from  Fourth 
Cavalry,  May  27,  1863. 

JESSE  SMITH,  Owen  County,  was  transferred  from  Fourth  Cavalry, 
May  27,  1863. 

J.  W.  SPENCER,  Owen  County,  was  transferred  from  Fourth  Cav 
alry,  May  27,  1863. 

WM.  SIDEBOTTOM,  Owen  County,  was  transferred  from  Fourth 
Cavalry,  May  27,  1863. 

CHARLES  L.  THORNTON,  Owen  County,  was  transferred  to  i 
cavalry  command,  Dec.  31,  1862. 

J.  A.  TINGLE,  Owen  County,  was  transferred  from  the  Fourth  Cav 
alry,  May  27,  1863. 

REUBEN  TINGLE,  Owen  County,  was  transferred  from  Fourth 
Cavalry,  May  27,  1863. 

ROWLAND  TINGLE,  Owen  County,  was  transferred  from  Fourth 
Cavalry,  May  27,  1863. 

SILAS  VAUGHN,  Owen  County,  was  transferred  from  Fourth  Cav 
alry,  May  27,  1863,  was  returned  to  that  regiment  in  April,  1864. 

THOMAS  WHITE,  Owen  County. 

R.  D.  WEAVER,  Owen  County,  was  transferred  from  Fourth  Cav 
alry,  May  27,  1863. 

R.  WILSON,  Owen  County,  was  transferred  from  Fourth  Cavalry, 
May  27,  1863. 

COMPANY  F,  FIFTH  REGIMENT. 

JAMES  M.  WHITE,  Nicholasville,  was  elected  captain,  Nov.  25, 
1862.  He  fought  at  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas  ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree, 
Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in 
the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  slightly  wounded  at  Jones 
boro'. 

H.  CLAY  MUSSELMAN,  Williamstown,  was  elected  first  lieutenant, 
Nov.  25,  1862.  He  fought  at  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  In 
trenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in 
the  mounted  engagements,  and,  though  his  clothes  were  repeat 
edly  pierced  with  balls,  he  was  never  wounded. 

JOHN  H.  CLEVELAND,  Nicholasville,  was  elected  second  lieu 
tenant,  Nov.  25,  1862.  He  fought  at  Chickamauga,  and  resigned 
about  the  istof  March,  1864. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  723 

T.  B.  COOK,  Nicholasville,  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  Nov.  25, 

1862,  and  was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant  and  adjutant,  July  18, 

1863.  He  fought  at  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas.       He  was  severely  wounded  in  the  lat 
ter  engagement,  losing  the  thumb  of  his  right  hand,  but  recov 
ered  and  took  part  in  the  mounted  engagements  throughout.  ,  He 
was  hurt  by  the  fallmg  of  a  bridge  at  Green's  Cut,  Ga. ,  and  was 
wounded  in  the  head  in  South  Carolina,  April  15,  1865. 

TILFORD  NAVE,  Jessamine  County,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
March  30,  1864.  From  the  time  of  enlistment  up  to  November, 
1863,  he  was  on  detail  duty.  During  the  year  1864,  he  was  some 
time  on  duty  in  the  quartermaster's  department,  and  in  March, 
1865,  he  was  sent  to  Kentucky  with  recruiting  orders. 

SAMUEL  J.  EALES,  Williamstown,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
April  4,  1864.  He  fought  at  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta, 
and  at  Jonesboro',  at  which  latter  place  he  was  so  severely 
wounded  in  the  left  leg  as  to  be  disabled  for  further  duty  during 
the  war;  now  a  prominent  citizen  of  Burton,  Ks. 

MOREAU  SPARKS,  Nicholasville,  was  appointed  first  sergeant, 
November,  1862,  and  served  as  sergeant-major  during  the  cam 
paign  from  Dalton  to  Jonesboro'.  He  fought  at  Chickamauga, 
Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dal 
las  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks; 
both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  He 
was  wounded  at  Dallas,  May  28,  1864. 

W.  T.  LUCAS,  Qrant  County,  was  appointed  second  sergeant,  No 
vember,  1862,  and  was  transferred  to  Co.  E,  January,  1863. 

I 'AVID  D.  SHYRER,  Grant  County,  was  appointed  third  sergeant, 
November,  1862.  He  fought  at  Chickamauga,  and  was  wounded 
there  ;  fought  also  at  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas.  He  was  so  severely  wounded  at  the  latter  place  as  to  ren 
der  amputation  of  the  left  leg  necessary,  and  died  from  the  effects 
of  it,  June  n,  1864. 

JAMES  BAUGHN,  Jessamine  County,  was  appointed  fourth  ser 
geant,  November,  1862,  and  fought  at  Chickamauga. 

H.  T.  EALES,  Grant  County,  was  appointed  fifth  sergent,  Novem 
ber,  1862,  and  was  killed  in  battle  at  Chickamauga,  Sept.  20, 
1863. 

E.  A.  BROWER,  Jessamine  County,  was  appointed  first  corporal, 
November,  1862,  and  promoted  to  second  sergeant,  June  28, 
1863.  He  was  almost  constantly  disabled  by  disease  for  field  duty 
during  his  entire  service. 

C.  B.  KING,  Monterey,  was  appointed  second  corporal,  November, 
1862,  and  fought  at  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas; 
from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy 
Creeks,  and  both  days  at  Jonesboro'. 


724  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

JOHN  TILFORD  HAWKINS,  Nicholasville,  was  appointed  fourth 
corporal,  November,  1862,  and  commissary  sergeant,  October, 
1863,  in  which  capacity  he  served  till  the  war  ended. 

W.    S.   HAYDEN,    Nicholasville,    was  appointed  corporal,  January. 

1863,  and   was  promoted   to    fifth   sergeant,    May,    1864.     He 
fought  at  Chickamauga,   Mission  Ridge,    Rocky  Face  Gap,  Re 
saca,  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

GEORGE  H.  ARNSPIGER,  Jessamine  County,  was  almost  disabled, 
by  disease  for  duty  in  the  ranks,  but  fought  at  Rocky  Face  Gap. 
Resaca,  and  Dallas,  and  in  skirmishes  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta. 

JNO.  B.  BLACKFORD,  Jessamine  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga 
Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from 
Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks, 
both  days  at  Jonesboro'.  He  was  badly  hurt  by  a  railroad  acci 
dent,  Sept.  24,  1864,  but  recovered  and  took  part  in  all  the 
mounted  engagements  in  South  Carolina. 

JAS.  C.  BURCH,  Jessamine  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga,  and 
was  captured  and  imprisoned  at  Nashville,  where  he  was  hurt  by 
the  falling  of  the  stairway.  He  was  never  exchanged. 

R.  C.  BOWMAN,  Jessamine  County,  fought  at  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta,  and  at  Peachtree 
Creek.  He  was  wounded  in  the  foot  at  the  latter  place,  July  20, 

1864,  and  disabled  for  further  service  during  the  war. 

J.  L.  BUSKETT,  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  was  one  of  the  Missouri  State 
Guard  that  was  captured  at  Jefferson  Barracks  in  1861.  He 
came  to  Kentucky,  having  been  released  on  parole,  and  when  the 
time  expired  in  which  the  parole  was  binding,  he  enlisted  in  this 
company,  and  on  the  retreat  from  Kentucky  rendered  the  most 
efficient  service  in  procuring  supplies  for  the  men.  He  was  or 
dered  to  report  to  Gen.  Price,  however,  about  the  first  of  Decem 
ber,  1862,  and  was  in  no  engagement  with  the  Kentucky  troops. 

JASPER  BAKER,  Grant  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga. 

DANIEL  D.  BAKER,  Grant  County,  captured  Sept.  15,  1862;  re 
turned  to  company  about  two  weeks  afterward  ;  missing  at  Jones 
boro',  Sept.  i,  1864. 

B.  D.  BAKER,  Grant  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas 
to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both 
days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

J.  O.  BARNES,  Grant  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to 
Atlanta,  and  at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks.  He  was 
captured  at  the  latter  place,  July  22,  1864,  and  detained  in  prison 
till  the  close  of  the  war. 

WARREN  BOONE,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga,  Mis 
sion  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca ;  Peachtree,  Intrenchment, 
and  Utoy  Creeks,  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  725 

L.  BOWMAN,  Jessamine  County,  died  of  disease  at  Abingdon,  Va. , 
Nov.  26,  1862. 

JAMES  COLLIER,  Grant  County,  was  comparatively  an  old  man, 
and  though  always  ready  for  duty  beyond  his  strength,  he  was 
generally  unfitted  for  duty  in  the  ranks,  by  disease,  and  died  at 
Macon,  Ga. ,  Oct.  24,  1864. 

WILLIAM  COLLIER,  Grant  County,  died  of  disease  at  Abingdon, 
Va.,  Jan.  7,  1863. 

FERNANDO  W.  CAMPBELL,  Nicholasville,  fought  at  Chicka- 
mauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas; 
from  Dallas  to  Atlanta,  and  at  Peachtree  Creek.  He  was  wounded 
at  the  latter  place  July  20,  1864,  and  disabled  for  further  duty  in 
the  field,  but  served  as  sergeant-major  for  a  camp  of  direction  at 
Augusta.  He  was  awarded  medal  of  honor,  and  appointed  a 
sergeant  of  the  company,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  at 
Chickamauga. 

GEORGE  W.  GORMAN,  Jessamine  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga. 
GRAT  GORMAN,  Jessamine  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga. 
HENRY  EAVES,  Nicholas  County,  discharged  Dec.  i,  1862. 

JOSEPH  FIGHT,  Sr.,  Grant  County,  died  of  disease  at  Holston 
Springs,  Va.,  April  4,  1863. 

OSEPH  FIGHT,  Jr.,  Grant  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga,  where 
he  was  wounded,  from  the  effects  of  which,  rendered  more  dread 
ful  by  gangrene,  he  did  not  recover  sufficiently  for  duty  till  Aug 
ust,  1864,  when  he  rejoined  the  company,  and  fought  at  Jones- 
boro'  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

HENRY  E.  FUNK,  Jessamine  County,  was  lost  on  the  retreat  of 
Bragg  from  Kentucky,  and  attached  himself  to  the  Thirty-first 
Alabama  Infantry,  with  which  he  served  till  April,  1864,  taking 
part  in  several  engagements  with  that  regiment.  At  that  time,  he 
he  rejoined  his  own  company,  and  fought  with  it  at  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas.  He  was  severely  wounded  in  the  hands 
at  the  latter  place,  May  28,  and  died  from  the  effects  of  it  at  Cov- 
ington,  Ga.,  July  4,  1864. 

JAMES  GOOCH,  Jessamine  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga. 

HENRY  GABLE,  Liberty  Hill,  South  Carolina,  was  enlisted  in  this 
company  after  the  brigade  entered  his  State,  and  took  part  in  the 
closing  engagements. 

THO.  F.  JONES,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Resaca,  Peachtree  Creek,  Jonesboro',  both  days,  and  in 
the  mounted  engagements. 

CHARLES  M.  JONES,  Grant  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga,  Mis 
sion  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas.  He  was 
wounded  at  the  latter  place  and  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  enemy, 
who  abandoned  him  after  three  days,  when  he  was  taken  charge 
of  by  a  Confederate  surgeon,  and  sent  to  Atlanta,  where  he  died, 
June  8,  1864. 


726  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

JNO.  H.  JONES,  Owen  County,  fought  at  Dallas,  was  wounded  there, 
and  was  promoted  to  corporal  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct 
on  that  field.  He  fought  also  at  Jonesboro',  and  was  wounded 

there. 

MELVIN  JACOBS,  Jessamine  County,  died  of  disease  at  Jonesville, 
Va.,  Jan.  8,  1863. 

N.  B.  KING,  Owen  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 

Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from   Dallas  to  Atlanta; 

and  at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks.   He  was  killed  at  the 

latter  place,  July  22,  1864. 
J.    B.   LAMKIN,  Jessamine  County,  was  appointed  sergeant,  May, 

1863,  and  acted  with  the  company  a  short  time,  when,  June  15, 

1863,  he  was  appointed  ordnance  sergeant,   and  acted  in  that 
capacity  during  the  remainder  of  the  war. 

THOMAS  LYNN,  Scott  County,  fought  at  Dallas,  Peachtree  Creek, 
Intrenchment  Creek,  Utoy  Creek,  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and 
in  the  mounted  engagements. 

JOHN  T.  LAIR,  Jessamine  County,  was  lost  on  retreat  from  Ken 
tucky,  1862,  and  attached  himself  to  the  Thirty-first  Alabama  In 
fantry.  He  fought  at  Baker's  Creek,  Miss.,  and  was  captured 
there,  but  was  exchanged,  and  rejoined  this  company,  April  i, 

1864,  with  which  he  fought  at  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  Dallas, 
and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

JAMES  F.  METCALFE,  Jessamine  County,  was  appointed  commis 
sary  sergeant,  Nov.  25,  1862,  and  served  as  such  until  Dec.  20, 
1862,  when  he  was  appointed  quartermaster-sergeant,  in  which 
capacity  he  served  till  July  30,  1863,  when  he  returned  to  the 
ranks.  He  remained  with  the  company  till  February,  1864,  when 
he  was  made  a  hospital  steward,  and  served  as  such  until  June, 
1864,  at  which  time  he  again  returned  to  the  company.  He 
was,  however,  generally  incapacitated  by  disease  for  duty  in  the 
field,  though  he  remained  with  the  command  to  the  close. 

GEO.  W.  METCALFE,  Jessamine  County,  was  appointed  first  cor 
poral,  Feb.  i,  1863,  and  was  promoted  to  sergeant,  Nov.  i,  1863. 
He  fought  at  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  Dallas,  Peachtree  Creek,  Intrenchment  Creek,  Utoy 
Creek,  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  He  was 
severely  wounded  in  the  left  shoulder  at  Dallas,  and  was  slightly 
wounded  again  at  Jonesboro'. 

JOHN  McKINNEY,  Fort  Valley,  Ga.,  enlisted  Dec.  20,  1864,  and 
served  during  the  remainder  of  the  war  with  dismounted  detach 
ment. 

SAMUEL  D.  NAVE,  Nicholasville,  fought  at  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to 
Atlanta;  and  at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks,  at  which 
latter  place  he  was  captured,  but  was  exchanged  some  time  after 
ward,  and  served  with  the  dismounted  detachment.  He  was  ap 
pointed  first  corporal,  April  i,  1864,  and  promoted  to  sergeant, 
June  8,  1864,  on  account  of  gallantry  displayed  at  Chickamauga 
and  Resaca. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  727 

JAMES  T.  NUCKOLS,  Fort  Valley,  Ga.,  enlisted  Oct.  i,  1864,  and 
took  part  in  the  mounted  engagements,  in  one  of  which,  at  Spring 
Hill,  S.  C.,  April  18,  1865,  he  lost  a  little  finger. 

WILLIS  PARSONS,  Grant  County,  fought  at  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Re- 
saca,  Dallas,  Peachtree  Creek,  and  Intrenchment  Creek,  at  which 
latter  place  he  lost  a  leg,  and  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  enemy. 

EDWARD  PARSONS,  Grant  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga,  and 
was  severely  wounded  there,  from  the  effects  of  which  he  died, 
in  Atlanta,  Nov.  19,  1863. 

ISAAC  PAINTER,  Scott  County,  died,  Feb.  15,  1863,  from  over 
dose  of  opium  administered  in  sickness  by  a  careless  nurse,  at 
Jonesville,  Va. 

STEMBLE  REED,  Grant  County,  died  of  disease  at  Stoney  Creek, 
Scott  County,  Va. ,  Jan.  3,  1863. 

SAMUEL  ROBERTSON,  Liberty  Hill,  S.  C.,  enlisted  March  5, 
1865,  and  fought  at  Statesburg  and  Spring  Hill. 

GEORGE  W.  REYNOLDS,  Jessamine  County,  fought  at  Chick 
amauga,  where  he  was  so  severely  wounded  in  the  ankle  as  to  be 
disabled  for  infantry  service,  but  rejoined  the  command  in  the 
autumn  of  1864,  and  took  part  in  the  cavalry  engagements. 

RICHARD  REYNOLDS,  Liberty  Hill,  S.  C.,  enlisted  March  5,  1865, 
and  took  part  in  the  subsequent  engagements. 

SAMSON  RICHARDSON,  Grant  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga, 
Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dal 
las  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks, 
Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

GREEN  B.  SIPPLE,  Grant  County,  was  left  sick  in  Virginia  when 
the  regiment  marched  to  Chickamauga,  but  rejoined  it,  Oct.  15, 
and  was  appointed  third  corporal,  Nov.  i,  1863.  He  fought  at 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta  ;  at 
Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days  at  Jones 
boro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

CALEB  H.  SIPPLE,  Grant  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  At 
lanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days 
at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

M<  )SES  SIPPLE,  Grant  County,  was  discharged  on .  account  of  dis 
ability  by  disease,  January,  1863. 

JA  MES  H.  SIPPLE,  Grant  County,  died  of  disease  at  Abingdon,  Va., 
Nov.  20,  1862. 

JACOB  A.  SHYRER,  Grant  County,  was  left  sick  in  Virginia  when 
his  regiment  marched  to  Chickamauga,  but  rejoined  it  in  front  of 
Chattanooga,  Nov.  15,  1863,  and  fought  at  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peach- 
tree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro', 
and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  appointed  third  cor 
poral,  March  12,  1865. 


728  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

JERRY  SMITH,  Grant  County,  served  as  teamster  from  Oct.  18, 
1862,  till  the  close  of  the  war. 

GEO.  W.  SMITH,  Grant  County,  served  as  teamster  from  Oct.  18, 
1862,  till  December,  1863,  and  was  generally  afterward  disabled 
by  disease  for  any  duty. 

WILLIAM  SWITZER,  Harrison  County,  left  Dalton  on  furlough, 
Feb.  20,  1864;  was  captured  in  Kentucky,  and  confined  at  Camp 
Morton,  Indiana,  till  the  close  of  the  war. 

JACOB  SAN  DUSKY,  Jessamine  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga, 
Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dal 
las  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and Utoy  Creeks;  both 
days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  He  was 
appointed  fifth  sergeant,  June,  1864,  f°r  gallantry  at  Dallas. 

LEWIS  E.  SANDUSKY,  Jessamine  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga. 

DUDLEY  SANDUSKY,  Jessamine  County,  died  of  disease  at 
Abingdon,  Va. ,  Jan.  i,  1863. 

CHILTON  SANDUSKY,  Jessamine  County,  died  of  disease  at 
Abingdon,  Va.,Jan.  19,  1863. 

SAMUEL  SCOTT,  Jessamine  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga. 

JAMES  M.  STARNES,  Nicholas  County,  was  for  some  time  first  ser 
geant. 

NICHOLAS  R.  VARNER,  Scott  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga 
and  Mission  Ridge. 

EMANUEL  VANTREES,  Jessamine  County,  enlisted  at  fourteen 
years  of  age,  and  was  appointed  corporal  a  short  time  afterward. 
He  fought  at  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas,  and  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  May  2<S, 
1864. 

JAMES  WELCH,  Jessamine  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga. 


COMPANY  I,   FIFTH   REGIMENT. 

The  material  consulted  in  the  preparation  of  this  notice  has  enabled 
us  to  speak  more  fully  of  particular  individuals  than  is  the  case  with 
most  other  companies.  Not  having  all  the  facts  as  to  individual  char 
acters  before  us,  so  that  we  might  make  just  remarks,  even  of  the 
worthy  dead,  we  have,  in  general,  confined  ourselves  to  a  plain  state 
ment  of  the  military  deeds  performed  by  each,  and  with  respect  to 
those  who  yet  survive,  we  have  adhered  almost  wholly  to  this  policy, 
lest,  with  our  inadequate  personal  knowledge  of  different  men,  we 
might  make  unjust  and  odious  distinctions. 

This  company  was  recruited  by  Capt.  Jo  Desha,  with  the  assistance 
of  Lieut.  James  William  Cleaveland,  acting  under  authority  of  Maj.- 
Gen.  E.  Kirby  Smith,  September,  1862.  It  was  organized  and  sworn 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  729 

into  service,  September  ayth,  at  the  Cynthiana  Fair  Grounds,  and  re 
mained  here  until  October  5th,  when  it  marched  to  Camp  Dick  Rob 
inson,  by  way  of  Lexington.  Here  it  was  united  with  the  companies 
of  Gaines,  Musselman,  and  Calvert,  and  the  four  were  placed  under 
command  of  Capt.  Desha,  and  went  out  of  Kentucky  with  the  main 
army  of  Bragg,  leaving  Camp  Breckinridge,  October  i3th.  The  com 
panies  of  Musselman  and  Calvert  had  been  recruited  for  Marshall's 
command,  and  on  arriving  at  Knoxville  they  expressed  a  desire  to  re 
turn  to  West  Virginia,  in  which  Capt.  Desha  at  once  acquiesced, 
though  manifestly  to  his  own  disadvantage.  After  their  departure,  the 
other  two  companies  were,  at  their  own  request,  ordered  to  report  to 
Col.  Thomas  H.  Hunt,  then  at  Murfreesboro'.  They  were  accord 
ingly  attached  to  the  Ninth  Regiment,  under  the  titles  of  I  and  K, 
and  remained  with  it  until  May,  1863,  when  the  brigade  had  reached 
Montgomery,  on  it  way  to  reenforce  Gen.  Johnston,  in  his  attempt  to 
relieve  Pemberton.  Here,  they  were  ordered  to  report  to  Gen.  Pres 
ton,  at  Abingdon,  Va.,  with  a  view  to  the  formation  of  a  battalion,  or 
regiment,  to  be  commanded  by  Capt.  Desha.  Owing  to  the  difficulty 
that  then  attended  recruiting  for  the  infantry,  and  to  the  active  move 
ments  shortly  inaugurated,  the  contemplated  organization  was  never 
completed.  The  troops  assembled  at  Abingdon,  marched  thence  to 
Big  Creek  Gap,  thence  to  Cumberland  Gap,  and  again  to  Abingdon  ; 
after  which  Gen.  Preston  was  ordered  westward  to  reenforce  Bragg,  at 
Chickamauga,  and  Companies  I  and  K  were  attached  to  the  Fifth 
Regiment — temporarily,  it  was  proposed  at  the  time;  but  they  re 
mained  with  that  command  from  that  period  until  the  close  of  the  war. 
It  will  be  seen  that,  in  noticing  the  services  of  the  men,  we  mention 
their  having  taken  part  in  the  mounted  engagements  in  Georgia  only, 
which  is  accounted  for  by  the  fact  that  the  company  was  detached 
from  the  brigade  at  Liberty  Hill,  S.  C.,  just  previously  to  the  march 
to  the  region  of  the  Wateree,  and  sent  to  Columbia,  to  act  as  couriers 
between  that  city  and  Blackstock,  and  that  they  remained  here  until 
the  main  body  of  the  command  passed  through  Columbia,  on  its  way 
to  Washington,  Ga. 

JO  DESHA,  Harrison  County.      (See  biography.) 

JAMES  WM.  CLEAVELAND,  Harrison  County,  was  a  member  of 
Capt.  Desha's  company  (C),  of  the  First  Kentucky  Infantry,  hav 
ing  enlisted  on  the  23d  of  April,  1861.  He  served  in  Virginia 
until  the  First  Regiment  was  disbanded.  He  then  attached  him 
self  to  Cameron's  battalion  of  Kentucky  cavalry,  and  served  with 
it  in  Western  Virginia,  and  on  the  march  into  Kentucky — a  por 
tion  of  the  time  in  the  commissary  department.  Early  in  Sep 
tember,  1862,  he  again  enlisted  with  Capt.  Desha,  assisted  that 
officer  in  recruiting,  and,  on  the  2-jth  of  the  same  month,  was 


730  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

elected  first  lieutenant  of  this  company.  He  fought  at  Hartsviller 
Stone  River,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas.  .  Just  before 
the  battle  of  Chickamauga,  and  before  his  regiment  had  been 
transferred  to  Lewis,  he  was  detailed,  in  opposition  to  his  will,  to 
act  as  commissary  for  the  brigade  of  Gen.  Kelley.  "  This,"  says 
a  brother  officer,  ' '  prevented  his  acting  with  the  company  on 
that  glorious  day,  but  he  did  his  important  duty  well — and  the 
commissary  who  did  that  is  entitled  to  honor."  He  was  detained 
on  duty  in  that  brigade  long  after  the  Fifth  Regiment  had  been 
attached  to  Lewis's,  but  rejoined  his  company  before  the  opening 
of  the  campaign  of  1864.  He  was  slightly  wounded  at  Harts- 
ville,  Dec.  7,  1862,  and  mortally  at  Dallas,  May  28,  1864.  He 
received  five  wounds — "a  shot,"  says  our  authority,  "through 
the  chest  and  one  through  the  bowels;  one  arm  was  badly  mashed 
above  the  elbow — the  other  below,  and  his  face  was  contused. 
He  evidently  did  not  receive  those  wounds  simultaneously,  but 
was  knocked  down  and  rose  and  advanced,  to  be  knocked  over 
again  and  again.  He  was  down  on  his  face,  while  our  line  was 
firing,  about  thirty  yards  from  the  enemy's  works,  and  lay  there 
when  we  fell  back.  He  afterward  reported  that  the  Federal  litter- 
bearers  came  to  him  and  examined  him,  but  refused  to  carry  him 
off,  remarking  that  he  would  die  anyhow.  They  took  his  pistol 
and  hat,  and  left  him,  but  during  the  night  he  managed  to  crawl 
back  far  enough  to  be  within  hearing  of  our  skirmish  line.  The 
men  took  him  in  next  morning,  and,  to  the  unspeakable  joy  of  us 
all,  we  found  him  at  the  field  hospital,  game  as  ever.  He  was  re 
moved  by  ambulance  to  Marietta,  thence  to  Atlanta,  and  died  at 
the  latter  place  on  the  6th  of  June.  He  was  a  true  friend — un 
selfish,  noble-hearted.  His  courage  as  a  soldier — his  heroic  de 
votion  to  the  cause — combined  with  his  cool  judgment,  sound 
common  sense,  and  temperate  life  made  him  a  most  valuable 
officer  indeed." 

WM.  N.  FISHBACK,  Harrison  County,  was  a  corporal  in  Co.  C, 
First  Kentucky  Infantry,  and  fought  at  Dranesville,  Dec.  20, 
1861,  where  he  was  wounded  in  the  arm,  and  disabled.  He  was 
discharged  some  time  afterward  on  account  of  disability  by  that 
wound,  but  went  to  West  Virginia,  and  remained  with  the  Ken 
tucky  troops  in  that  department  till  September,  1862,  when  he 
was  enlisted  in  this  company,  and  on  the  2yth  of  that  month  was 
elected  second  lieutenant.  He  fought  afterward  at  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta,  and  at  Peachtree  and 
Intrenchment  Creeks.  At  Chickamauga,  after  Capt.  Desha  was 
wounded  and  relinquished  the  command  of  the  company,  late  in 
the  afternoon,  Lieut.  Fishback  assumed  that  duty,  and  discharged 
it  till  the  retreat  from  Mission  Ridge.  At  Dallas,  his  captain  and 
first  lieutenant  having  been  disabled,  he  again  took  command, 
which  he  retained  until  July  22,  1864.  He  was  twice  slightly 
wounded  at  Dallas,  and  mortally  at  Intrenchment  Creek — in  neck 
and  knee.  He  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  enemy,  and  died  at 
Marietta  some  time  in  August.  He  was  complimented  by  one  of 
his  superiors  as  being  a  gallant  officer,  devoted  to  duty,  vigilant 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  731 

in  watching  the  interests  of  his  men,  well  acquainted   with  the 
drill,  and  of  fine  social  qualities. 

KELLER  ANDERSON,  Harrison  County.     (See  biography.) 

JEFF  OXLEY,  Cynthiana,  was  appointed  corporal,  November,  1862  ; 
was  promoted  to  fifth  sergeant,  January,  1863,  and  to  second  ser 
geant  some  time  afterward.  He  fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River, 
Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from 
Dallas  to  Atlanta,  and  at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks. 
He  was  severely  wounded  in  the  side  at  Chickamauga,  and  was 
wounded  in  both  legs  at  Intrenchment  Creek,  but  rejoined  the 
company,  November,  9,  1864;  was  mounted  in  January,  1865,  and 
took  part  in  the  subsequent  operations.  He  was  highly  compli 
mented  by  one  of  his  commanding  officers  for  courage  of  a  high 
order,  for  industry  and  attention  to  business,  for  intelligence  and 
alacrity  in  the  performance  of  duty,  for  cheerfulness  under  hard 
ships,  for  personal  truth,  soldierly  pride,  temperate  habits,  and 
high  moral  principles.  Died  in  Nicholasville,  Oct.  n,  1885. 

DENNIS  O'HALLORAN,  Ireland,  was  one  of  Morehead's  partisan 
rangers,  and  was  attached  to  this  company  in  November,  1862. 
He  was  appointed  corporal  in  January,  1863,  was  promoted  to 
third  sergeant,  January,  1864,  and  on  the  summer  campaign  of 
1864  he  was  color-sergeant.  He  fought  with  this  company  at 
Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas  ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta,  and  at 
Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks.  He  was  wounded  at 
Hartsville,  Dec.  7,  1862,  and  severely  wounded  and  captured  at 
Intrenchment  Creek,  July  22,  1864,  and  detained  in  prison  till 
just  before  the  termination  of  the  war.  He  served  first  year  in 
Capt.  Desha's  company  of  the  First  Regiment. 

JOSEPH  OOLERY,  Harrison  County,  was  appointed  fourth  sergeant, 
Sept.  27,  1862.  He  fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  and 
Chickamauga,  and  was  killed  at  the  the  latter  place,  Sept.  20, 
1863. 

BEN  F.  G.  WHITAKER,  Pendleton  County,  was  appointed  fourth 
corporal,  Sept.  27,  1862,  and  was  promoted  to  fifth  sergeant, 
January,  1864.  He  fought  at  Hartsville,  and  was  wounded  there; 
fought  also  at  Stone  River  and  Chickamauga,  and  at  the  latter 
place  was  again  wounded,  but  fought  at  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas  ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peach- 
tree,  Intenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  at  Jonesboro'.  He  was 
wounded  at  the  latter  place,  Aug.  31,  1864,  and  disabled  for  fur 
ther  duty  during  the  war. 

C.  McKINNEY,  Kentucky,  was  one  of  the  corporals  of  the  company, 
and  fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Chickamauga,  Mis 
sion  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to 
Atlanta,  and  at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks.  He  was 
mortally  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  July  22,  1864,  and  died  in 
the  hands  of  the  enemy. 


732  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

WM.  RANDALL  WHITAKER,  Harrison  County,  was  one  of  the 

corporals  of  the  company,  and  fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River, 
Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  Dal 
las,  and  Kenesaw  Mountain.  He  was  unfitted  by  ill  health  for 
any  duty  in  the  ranks  after  July  i,  1864,  and  died  shortly  after 
reaching  home,  in  the  summer  of  1865.  He  was  complimented 
for  conspicuous  gallantry  on  the  field  at  Dallas. 

JOSEPH  BAYLESS,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas.  He  was  wounded  in  the  breast  at  the  latter  place, 
but  recovered  and  fought  at  Jonesboro',  and  took  part  in  the  clos 
ing  operations. 

W.  T.  BROWNING,  Kentucky,  was  appointed  corporal  in  1863, 
and  promoted  to  fourth  sergeant,  1864.  He  fought  at  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  both  days  at  Jones 
boro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements  in  Georgia. 

JOE  F.  CUMMINS,  Harrison  County,  was  on  the  field  during  the 
battle  of  Stone  River  as  one  of  the  infirmary  corps;  fought  in  the 
ranks  at  Chickamauga  and  Mission  Ridge,  and  was  wounded  at 
the  former  place,  and  on  the  campaign  from  Dalton  he  was  regu 
larly  detailed  for  infirmary  duty,  and  was  on  every  field.  During 
the  cavalry  operations,  he  was  with  the  dismounted  detachment. 
Died  at  home  some  years  after  the  war. 

J.  W.  CUMMINS,  Harrison  County,  was  incapacitated  by  disease  for 
any  duty,  and  had  permission  to  return  to  Kentucky,  but  died  in 
Louisville,  on  his  way  home. 

JOSEPH  CUMMINS,   Harrison    County,    fought  at    Hartsville    and 

Stone  River. 
ROBT.  S.  CUMMINS,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone 

River,    Chickamauga,    Mission   Ridge,    Rocky    Face    Gap,   and 

Resaca. 
GEO.  CUMMINS,  Harrison  County,  died  of  disease  at  Murfreesboro, 

December,  1862. 

JOHN  S.  CRAIG,  Bracken  County,  fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River, 
Mission  Ridge,  and  Rocky  Face  Gap.  He  lost  an  arm  at  the  latter 
place,  May  9,  1864,  and  was  subsequently  retired,  but  fought  with 
one  arm  at  West  Point,  Ga.,  during  Tyler's  defense  of  that  post 
in  1865. 

L.  F.  CRAIG,  Bracken  County,  was  appointed  corporal,  Sept.  27, 
1862,  but  was  soon  afterward  reduced  to  ranks  at  his  own  request, 
and  detailed  as  teamster,  in  which  capacity  he  served  till  after  the 
army  reached  Dalton,  when  he  reentered  the  company,  and  was 
killed  in  his  first  battle,  Dallas,  May  28,  1864. 

J.  E.  CASEY,  Bracken  County,  died  of  disease  at  Emory  and  Henry 
College  Hospital,  July,  1863. 

WILLIAM  CARR,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Hartsville  and  Stone 
River. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  733 

W.  T.  CASEY,  Harrison  County,  was  appointed  third  sergeant,  Sept. 
27,  1862;  promoted  to  second  sergeant,  Jan.  3,  1863,  and  to  first 
sergeant,  July  4,  1863.  He  fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River, 
and  Chickamauga,  aud  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place. 

JOHN  CONNOR,  Ireland,  fought  at  Hartsville  and  Stone  River. 

ROBT.  DUNN,  Bracken  County,  fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River, 
Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and 
Utoy  Creeks,  and  at  Jonesboro'.  During  the  cavalry  operations, 
he  was  with  the  dismounted  men.  Died  at  home  some  years  after 
the  war. 

R.  DAWSON,  Kentucky,  fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  and 
Chickamauga.  He  was  mortally  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  and 
died  in  Atlanta  a  few  days  afterward. 

J.  A.  J.  EARNEST,  Kentucky,  fought  at  Hartsville  and  Stone  River. 

HENRY  J.  FOWLER,  Harrison  County,  was  generally  employed  as 
teamster.  Died  at  home  some  years  after  the  war. 

BEVERLY  M.  FRYAR,  Pendleton  County,  fought  at  Hartsville  and 
Stone  River. 

JOHN  M.  FOGLE,  Pendleton  County,  was  transferred  from  Co.  A, 
1864.  He  fought  at  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  Dallas,  and  Ken- 
esaw  Mountain,  and  was  killed  on  the  skirmish  line  at  the  latter 
place,  June  19,  1864. 

DRAKEFORD  GRAY,  Hickman  County,  was  appointed  third  ser 
geant,  Jan.  3,  1863,  but  was  returned  to  ranks,  at  his  own  re 
quest,  in  December  of  that  year.  He  fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Jonesboro'.  He  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  Aug.  31, 
1864,  and  disabled,  and  was  afterward  retired.  He  was  awarded 
medal  of  honor  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct. 

HENRY  GIFFORD,  Bracken  County,  was  appointed  corporal,  Sept.  , 
27,  1862.      He  was  sent  to  hospital,  sick,  December,  1862,  and 
no  other  facts  are  known  of  him. 

FRANK  GLASGOW,  served  first  year  of  the  war  in  Capt.  Desha's 
company  of  the  First  Regiment,  and  fought  with  Co.  I,  Fifth  Reg 
iment,  at  Hartsville  and  Stone  River. 

E.  A.  HICKMAN,  Harrison  County,  was  sent  to  hospital,  sick,  Jan. 
6,  1863,  and  was  not  again  heard  of. 

WILLIAM  HAMILTON,  Bracken  County,  fought  at  Hartsville  and 
Stone  River. 

CASSIUS  HUMPHREYS,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  Dallas, 
Peachtree  Creek,  Intrenchment  Creek,  Utoy  Creek,  both  days  at 
Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements  in  Georgia.  He 
was  wounded  at  Chickamauga  and  at  Dallas. 

HENRY  HERRINGTON,  Harrison  County,  died  of  disease  at  Ma 
rietta,  Ga.,  Feb.  12,  1864. 


734  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

RICHARD  HODGE,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment, 
and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted 
engagements  in  Georgia. 

JAMES  HANGLEY,  Ireland,  fought  at  Hartsville  and  Stone  River, 
and  in  August,  1863,  attached  himself  to  cavalry,  with  which  he 
afterward  served. 

ELISHA  HAWKINS,  Virginia,  was  informally  transferred  to  Co.  D, 
Ninth  Kentucky,  and  fought  at  Chickamauga,  where  he  was 
wounded  and  disabled. 

HENRY  L.  HALL,  Jessamine  County,  was  appointed  fifth  sergeant, 
Sept.  27,  1862,  but  was  returned  to  the  ranks  at  his  own  request, 
in  January,  1863.  He  fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  and 
Chickamauga,  at  which  latter  place  he  was  wounded.  He  was 
afterward  detailed  as  clerk  in  the  quartermaster's  department  of 
Gracie's  brigade,  and  served  in  that  capacity  during  the  remain 
der  of  the  war. 

WILLIAM  HENRY,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Hartsville  and 
Stone  River. 

SILAS  KING,  Pendleton  County,  died  of  disease  in  Atlanta,  Feb.  5, 

1863. 
ABRAHAM  KING,  Pendleton  County,  died  of  disease  at  Murfrees- 

boro,  Nov.  23,  1862. 

JACOB  KRIEGER,  Germany,  served  first  year  of  the  war  in  the 
First  Kentucky  Regiment  Infantry;  afterward  joined  Morehead's 
squadron  of  partisans;  and  in  November,  1862,  he  was  attached 
to  this  company,  and  fought  with  it  at  Hartsville,  Chickamauga, 
Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas.  He  was 
wounded  at  Hartsville,  and  at  Dallas  he  was  mortally  wounded, 
fell  into  the  enemy's  hands,  and  died  some  time  in  June,  1864. 

THOMAS  LEA,  Kentucky,  was  sent  to  hospital,  sick,  December, 
1862.  Fate  unknown. 

WILLIAM  B.  MOSS,  Bracken  County,  fought  at  Hartsville,  and  was 
severely  wounded  in  the  mouth.  He  was  captured  in  hospital  at 
Stone  River,  January,  1863,  and  remained  in  the  enemy's  hands 
till  the  spring  of  1865,  when,  upon  the  termination  of  the  war, 
he  was  released,  and  returned  home,  where  he  soon  afterward 
died. 

WILLIAM  T.  McCORMICK,  Nicholas  County,  fought  at  Hartsville 
and  Stone  River,  and  died  of  disease  at  Dalton,  Ga. ,  1863. 

JAMES  MICHAEL,  Harrison  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Harts 
ville,  Dec.  7,  1862. 

GEORGE  MICHAEL,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  and  Chickamauga,  and  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  Sept. 
20,  1863. 

ALEXANDER  McCLURE,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Chicka 
mauga. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  735 

FRANK   McKINNEY,   Kentucky,  fought  at   Hartsville  and  Stone 

River. 
LEVI  MAINS,  Kentucky,  fought  at  Hartsville  and  Stone  River. 

SAMUEL  MAINS,  Kentucky.  "  If  any  one  man  of  the  company," 
says  his  captain,  "deserves  more  particular  honor  for  what  he 
did  than  another,  this  was  the  man.  He  was  crippled  by  white- 
swelling  early  in  life.  One  of  his  arms  was  so  imperfect  that  he 
could  not  execute  the  manual,  and  one  of  his  legs  was  very  badly 
injured ;  yet,  he  stood  up  to  hard  marching  and  hard  fighting 
better  than  many  men  who  were  whole  and  sound,  and  when  he 
could  march  no  longer,  he  stayed  with  the  wagons  and  helped  to 
cook."  He  fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Chickamauga, 
Mission  Ridge,  and  on  the  campaign  of  1864  till  his  crippled  leg 
gave  out,  when  he  did  faithful  duty  on  the  cooking  detail  till 
August.  He  then  reentered  the  ranks,  and  fought  both  days  at 
Jonesboro',  and  he  also  took  some  part  in  the  operations  after  the 
command  was  mounted. 

GEORGE  MAINS,  Kentucky,  was  appointed  second  sergeant,  Sept. 
27,  1862,  and  died  of  disease  at  Ringgold,  Ga. ,  April  4,  1863. 

CHARLES  POPE,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Hartsville  and  Stone 
River.  He  was  afterward  detailed  as  teamster,  and  served  in  this 
capacity  till  the  autumn  of  1864,  when  he  reentered  the  ranks 
and  took  part  in  the  mounted  engagements  in  Georgia. 

JOHN  M.  ROGERS,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca  and  Dallas.  He 
was  wounded  at  Chickamauga,  and  at  Dallas  he  was  mortally 
wounded,  and  died  in  the  enemy's  hands. 

WILLIAM  ROBERTSON,  Harrison  County,  was  transferred  from 
Morgan's  cavalry,  and  fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  and 
Chickamauga.  He  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  Sept.  20,  1863. 

JAMES  SNODGRASS,  Harrison  County,  was  appointed  corporal  in 
1864.  He  fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  and  Chickamauga. 
At  the  latter  place,  he  was  wounded  in  both  legs,  and  disabled 
for  further  service  in  the  ranks  during  the  war.  Died  at  home 
some  years  after  the  war. 

GREEN  SCOTT,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River, 
Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  Dallas,  Kenesaw 
Mountain,  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements  in  Geor 
gia..  Died  at  home  some  time  after  the  war. 

ED  SHADD,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River, 
and  Chickamauga. 

JOSEPH    SHADD,    Harrison    County,   fought  at  Hartsville,    Stone 

River,  and  Chickamauga. 
SAMUEL   SHADD,    Harrison  County,   fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone 

River,   Chickamauga,    Mission    Ridge,    Rocky    Face  Gap,   and 

Resaca. 
JOHN  SMITH,  Maryland,  was  transferred  from   Morgan's  cavalry, 

and  was  killed  in  battle  at  Hartsville. 


736  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

JOHN  SHADD,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River, 
Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dal 
las;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  and  at  Peachtree  and  Intrench- 
ment  Creeks.  He  was  captured  at  the  latter  place,  July  22, 
1864,  and  detained  in  prison  till  the  war  closed. 

JAMES  SWITZER,  Harrison  County,  died  of  disease  at  Chatta 
nooga,  April  6,  1863. 

LEWIS  TANDY,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  and  Chickamauga,  and  was  killed  at  the  latter  place. 

ABRAHAM  TURNER,  Bracken  County,  was  sent  to  hospital  sick, 
soon  after  having  enlisted,  and  when  he  recovered,  he  was  de 
tailed  as  teamster,  and  served  with  another  command. 

ANDREW  J.  THOMPSON,  Cynthiana,  served  first  year  of  the  war 
in  Capt.  Desha's  company,  of  the  First  Regiment,  and  was  se 
verely  wounded  at  Dranesville,  Dec.  20,  1861.  He  fought  with 
this  company  of  the  Fifth  Regiment  at  Stone  River,  Chicka 
mauga,  Resaca,  and  Dallas,  and  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place. 
After  the  command  was  mounted,  he  was  sent  to  Newnan  as  one 
of  the  saddle  detail,  and  continued  on  that  duty  till  the  close  of 
the  war.  Died  at  home  some  years  after  the  war. 

DAVID  HENRY  THOMSON,  Cynthiana,  served  first  year  of  the 
war  as  second  lieutenant  of  Co.  C,  First  Regiment,  and  fought  at 
Dranesville  and  on  the  Peninsula.  After  his  regiment  was  dis 
banded,  he  did  not  regularly  enlist  again,  but  kept  the  field  as  a 
free  fighter.  He  engaged  in  foraging  for  Marshall's  command 
during  its  cooperative  invasion  of  Kentucky,  September,  1862. 
When  he  arrived  in  Harrison  County,  he  at  once  prepared  to  en 
list  again  under  Capt.  Desha,  but  was  prevented  by  that  officer, 
who,  knowing  his  worth,  hoped  to  procure  him  a  commission. 
He  assisted  in  recruiting  Co.  I,  and  was  nominally  a  member,  but 
was  not  sworn,  nor  was  he  in  the  sworn  service  of  the  Confederate 
States,  though  encountering  hardships  and  dangers  as  such.  On 
the  stone  at  his  grave  is  the  only  record  of  his  membership — "D. 
H.  T.,  C,  First  Kentucky;  I,  Fifth  Kentucky."  He  was  with 
Cluke  in  his  invasion  of  Kentucky,  in  the  winter  and  spring  of 
1863,  and  was  of  much  service  to  his  friends  after  the  retreat. 
His  health  now  began  to  fail — his  lungs  having  suffered  severe 
hemorrhage — but  he  marched  with  the  Fifth  Regiment  to  North 
Georgia,  and  engaged  at  Chickamauga,  where  he  was  killed  out 
right,  Sept.  20,  1863,  having  fired  but  a  few  times.  His  captain, 
to  whom  we  are  indebted  for  the  above  facts,  remarks:  "  My 
friendship  for  him,  and  a  proud  remembrance  of  his  friendship 
for  me,  prompts  this  feeble  panegyric,  that  he  was  conspicuous 
for  heroism  in  action,  and  for  the  most  conscientious  observance 
of  his  duties ;  and  truth  sustains  me  in  saying  that  it  is  no  more 
than  he  deserves." 

S.  P.  F.  WHITAKER,  Pendleton  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga, 
and  was  wounded  there  ;  fought  also  at  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas,  and  was  again  wounded,  but  re 
covered  and  took  part  in  the  mounted  engagements  in  Georgia. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  737 

BEN  A.  WHITAKER,  Harrison  County,  was  appointed  first  ser 
geant,  Sept.  27,  1862,  but  was  returned  to  ranks  at  his  own 
request,  July,  1863.  He  fought  at  Stone  River  and  Chicka- 
mauga,  after  which  he  was  detailed  as  blacksmith,  and  served  as 
such  during  the  remainder  of  the  war.  Died  at  home  some  years 
after  the  war. 

COLEMAN  G.  WHITEHEAD,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Harts- 
ville,  Stone  River,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  Dallas,  Kenesaw  Mountain,  and  in  the  mounted 
engagements  in  Georgia. 

RICHARD  WOOLFE,  Kentucky,  fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River, 
and  Chickamauga.  He  was  mortally  wounded  at  the  latter 
place,  Sept.  20,  1863,  and  died  in  Atlanta  a  few  days  afterward. 


COMPANY  K,  FIFTH  REGIMENT. 

W.  D.  ACTON,  Franklin  County,  was  elected  captain,  Oct.  12,  1863. 
He  was  captured  on  the  retreat  from  Kentucky,  but  was  soon  aft 
erward  released.  He  attempted  to  reach  the  army,  but  was  again 
captured,  and  was  detained  in  prison  till  August,  1864,  when  he 
rejoined  his  company.  He  was  restored  to  rank  and  command  in 
October,  and  took  part  in  the  subsequent  engagements.  After 
the  war  he  married  and  settled  in  Burke  Co.,  Ga.  He  died  there 
in  1895. 

J.  T.  GAINES,  Franklin  County.      (See  biography.) 

D.  S.  CROCKETT,  Frankfort,  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  Oct. 
12,  1862,  and  was  killed  in  battle  at  Hartsville,  Dec.  7,  1862. 

J.  C.  ROBB,  Franklin  County,  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  Oct.  12, 
1862.  He  fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Chickamauga,  Mis 
sion  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas 
to  Atlanta;  at  Intrenchment  Creek  and  Jonesboro',  and  in  the 
mounted  engagements.  He  was  wounded  at  Chickamauga.  After 
the  war  he  located  in  Hawesville,  Ky.,  where  he  died  in  1895. 

H.  S.  GREEN,  Farmdale,  was  appointed  first  sergeant,  Oct.  12,  1862. 
He  fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  At 
lanta;  and  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment  and  Utoy  Creeks.  He 
was  detailed  in  September,  1864,  to  collect  the  cavalry  horses  left 
by  Federal  raiders  on  their  line  of  march,  and  served  in  this  way 
till  1865.  In  March  he  was  sent  into  Kentucky  with  recruiting 
orders,  and  was  there  when  the  war  closed.  He  was  partially 
paralyzed  about  1887,  and  died  in  1895. 

BEN  F.  ROGERS,  Franklin  County,  was  appointed  second  sergeant, 
Oct.  12,  1862.  He  fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Chicka 
mauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca  and  Dallas.  He 
was  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  and  disabled  for  further  service 
in  the  field,  and  was  afterward  placed  on  the  list  of  retired  sol 
diers. 

47 


738  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

W.  D.  WRIGHT,  Franklin  County,  was  appointed  third  sergeant, 
Oct.  12,  1862.  He  fought  at  Hartsville  and  Stone  River,  and 
died  of  disease  in  the  spring  of  1863. 

JAMES  LOWRY,  Bridgeport,  was  appointed  fourth  sergeant,  Oct.  12, 
1862.  He  died  of  disease  a  few  months  afterward. 

JAMES  SAMPSON,  Franklin  County,  was  appointed  fifth  sergeant  in 
1862.  He  fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  and  Chickamauga. 
He  was  mortally  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  and  died  in 
Atlanta. 

LEMUEL  FORE,  Shelby  County,  was  at  one  time  a  sergeant  of  the 
company.  He  fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Chickamauga, 
Mission.  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas,  from  Dal 
las  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks; 
and  at  Jonesboro'.  He  was  wounded  at  Chickamauga  and  Jones- 
boro';  disabled  at  the  latter  place  for  further  field  service  during 
the  war.  He  was  accidentally  killed  a  few  years  after  the  war. 

JACK  PATTIE,  Franklin  County,  was  at  one  time  a  sergeant  of  the 
company.  He  fought  at  Hartsville  and  Stone  River;  was  sick  in 
Virginia  when  the  regiment  marched  to  Chickamauga,  but  recov 
ered  and  rejoined  his  company  in  time  to  fight  at  Mission  Ridge, 
and  was  wounded  there.  He  after  ward  fought  also  at  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  Dallas,  Peachtree  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at 
Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  Died  in  Franklin 
County  in  1891. 

C.  H.  MENZIES,  Franklin  County,  was  appointed  first  corporal,  Oct. 
12,  1862.  He  fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Chickamauga, 
Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca.  He  was  wounded 
at  the  latter  place,  but  rejoined  the  company  at  Kenesaw  Moun 
tain,  and  fought  afterward  at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks. 
He  was  captured  at  the  latter  place,  and  was  not  exchanged  till 
March,  1865,  when  he  returned  to  the  command,  reaching  it  just 
before  the  troops  were  paroled. 

JAMES  B.  McQUEEN,  Franklin  County,  was  one  of  the  corporals  of 
the  company,  and  fought  at  Stone  River  and  Chickamauga,  and 
was  wounded  at  the  latter  place;  fought  also  at  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  Dallas,  and  Kenesaw  Mountain.  He 
was  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  June,  1864,  and  disabled  for  fur 
ther  service  during  the  war. 

THOMAS  HAWKINS,  Franklin  County,  was  appointed  corporal, 
Oct.  12,  1862.  He  fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  and  Chick 
amauga.  He  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  and  disabled  for 
field  service,  but  was  afterward  detailed  for  duty  in  the  arsenal  at 
Augusta,  where  he  remained  till  the  close  of  the  war.  He  died 
in  1883. 

JAMES  YOUNT,  Franklin  County,  was  one  of  the  corporals  of  the 
company,  appointed  Oct.  12,  1862.  He  fought  at  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas  ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta,  and  at  Peachtree  and 
Intrenchment  Creeks.  He  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  July  22, 
1864. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  739 

JOHN  WHITE,  Shelby  County,  was  appointed  corporal,  Oct.  12, 
1862.  He  fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Chickamauga,  and 
Mission  Ridge.  He  was  wounded  at  Stone  River. 

THOMAS  COOKE,  Shelby  County,  fought  at  Hartsville  and  Stone 
River ;  after  which  he  was  disabled  by  disease  for  active  field  ser 
vice,  and  was  generally  employed  on  detail  duty  till  the  close  of 
the  war. 

JAMES  G.  CRUTCHER,  Shelby  County,  served  till  June,  1863,  as 
one  of  the  regimental  drummers ;  fought  at  Chickamauga,  and 
was  wounded  there,  but  recovered  in  time  to  engage  in  the  battles 
of  Jonesboro'.  After  the  command  was  mounted,  he  served  as 
courier  for  Gen.  Lewis  till  the  close  of  the  war.  Died  of  con 
sumption  soon  after  the  war. 

WM.  G.  CRUTCHER,  Franklin  County,  fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas  ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment, 
and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted 

engagements. 

WILLIAM  ELLIS,  Franklin  County,  died  of  disease  in  December, 
1862. 

HENRY   FLOYD,   Kentucky,  took  part  in  the  engagements  of  the 

mounted  men. 
WM.  GLORE,  Franklin  County,  died  of  disease  some  time  during  the 

winter  of  1862-3. 
NEILL  HACKETT,  Franklin  County,  fought  at  Hartsville  and  Stone 

River,  and  died  of  disease  in  the  spring  of  1863. 

ROBERT  HEDGER,  Shelby  County,  was  separated  from  his  com 
pany  on  the  retreat  from  Kentucky,  and  connected  himself  with  a 
Tennessee  regiment,  with  which  he  was  sent  to  the  Trans-Missis 
sippi  department,  and  served  till  the  close  of  the  war. 

BEN  HICKMAN,  Franklin  County,  fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment, 
and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted 
engagements.  Was  crippled  in  Chicago  during  the  rebuilding  of 
that  city  and  died  of  his  injuries. 

THOMAS  HUDSON,  Shelby  County,  was  disabled  by  disease  for 
infantry  service,  and  was  transferred  to  the  cavalry  company  of 
Capt.  Sanders. 

A.  JOHNSON,  Shelby  County,  fought  at  Stone  River,  and  Chicka 
mauga.  He  was  captured  at  the  latter  place,  and  died  in  prison. 

ALLAN  JONES,  was  not  enlisted  till  the  winter  of  1864-5.  He 
fought  in  the  mounted  engagements  in  South  Carolina. 

FELIX  LONG,  Franklin  County,  fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River, 
Chickamauga,  and  Mission  Ridge. 

A.  LONG,  Shelby  County,  fought  at  Hartsville. 

HENRY  MARSHALL,  Franklin  County,  fought  at  Hartsville. 


740  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

JAMES  McQUEEN,  Franklin  County,  was  discharged  in  the  spring 
of  1863,  on  account  of  disability  by  disease. 

ED  MERSHON,  Farmdale,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Hartsville,  Dec. 
7,  1862. 

N.  L.  MOORE,  Franklin  County,  fought  at  Hartsville  and  Stone 
River,  and  was  afterward  transferred  to  the  First  Kentucky  Cav 
alry. 

LEWIS  MOORE,  Franklin  County,  fought  at  Stone  River,  Chicka- 
mauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas; 
from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy 
Creeks,  and  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  served  with  the  dis 
mounted  detachment  during  the  remainder  of  the  war. 

JAMES  D.  MOORE,  Franklin  County,  fought  at  Hartsville  and  Stone 
River ;  after  which  he  was  disabled  by  disease  for  duty  in  the 
ranks,  and  was  detailed  for  service  in  the  subsistence  department, 
in  Alabama,  in  which  capacity  he  served  during  the  remainder  o"~ 
the  war.  Died  at  home  in  1894. 

THOMAS  POWERS,  Franklin  County,  fought  at  Hartsville  and  Stone 
River.  He  died  at  home  some  years  after  the  war. 

WM.  M.  ROBB,  Henry  County,  served  as  teamster  in  charge  of  ambu 
lance  till  June,  1863,  when  he  entered  the  ranks,  and  fought  after 
ward  at  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas; 
from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy 
Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engage 
ments. 

HENRY  B.  ROBERTS,  Franklin  County,  fought  at  Hartsville  and 
Stone  River,  and  died  of  disease  in  the  spring  of  1863.  He  was 
awarded  medal  of  honor  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  st 
Stone  River. 

JOHN  ROBERTS,  Franklin  County,  was  left  sick  at  Murfreesboro  , 
January,  1863;  was  captured  there,  and  died  in  prison. 

SAMUEL  SHEETS,  Benson,  fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River, 
Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  after  which. 
he  was  on  detail  duty  till  September,  1864.  He  served  with  the 
dismounted  detachment  during  the  cavalry  operations.  He  was 
wounded  at  Chickamauga.  Died  several  years  after  the  war. 

ALEXANDER  SHEETS,  Franklin  County,  fought  at  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  Dallas,  and  Kenesaw  Mountain.  He  was  wounded  at 
the  latter  place,  but  recovered  and  took  part  in  the  mounted  en 
gagements.  He  was  wounded  also  at  Chickamauga. 

W.  N.  SHELTON,  Graefenberg,  fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River, 
and  Chickamauga,  at  which  latter  place  he  was  killed.  He  was 
awarded  medal  of  honor  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  at 
Chickamauga. 

PRESLEY  SANFORD,  Franklin  County,  died  of  disease  at  Mur 
freesboro',  December,  1862. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  741 

JOHN  W.  SMITH— "Kirby"— Franklin  County,  fought  at  Hartsville 
and  Stone  River.  He  was  one  of  the  McMinnville  guard,  and 
was  captured  there,  but  was  shortly  afterward  exchanged,  and 
fought  at  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Re- 
saca,  Dallas,  and  Kenesaw  Mountain.  He  was  wounded  at  the 
latter  place,  June,  1864,  but  recovered  and  took  part  in  the 
mounted  engagements.  He  died  soon  after  the  war  closed. 

JAMES  EMORY  SPEER,  Georgia,  was  not  enlisted  till  late  in  the 
war.  He  took  part  in  mounted  engagements.  When  he  enlisted 
he  was  but  a  stripling  of  a  boy.  He  made  a  good  soldier,  how 
ever,  and  has  since  become  one  of  the  most  distinguished  men  of 
his  native  State — having  filled  offices  of  honor  and  responsibility, 
and  being  recognized  as  an  able  statesman  and  jurist.  He  has 
been  for  some  years  United  States  District  Judge  for  the  Southern 
District  of  Georgia. 

JERRY  SPALDING,  Bridgeport,  fought  at  Hartsville,  Chickamauga, 
and  Mission  Ridge.  At  Dalton,  he  was  placed  on  the  corps  of 
sharpshooters,  and  was  almost  daily  engaged  with  the  enemy  for 
four  months.  He  took  part  in  the  mounted  engagements  also. 

THOMAS  TOOLEY,  Shelby  County,  died  of  disease  during  the  win 
ter  of  1862-3. 

JERRY  TRACEY,  Frankfort,  fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  and 
Chickamauga.  He  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  and  disabled 
for  further  service  in  the  ranks,  but  did  detail  duty  during  the  last 
months  of  the  war. 

JAMES  K.  P.  TRACEY,  Frankfort,  fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment, 
and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  at  Jonesboro'.  He  was  mortally  wounded 
at  the  latter  place,  Aug.  31,  1864,  and  died  some  time  afterward 
in  Alabama. 

FRANK  TRUMAN,  Shelby  County,  fought  at  Hartsville  and  Stone 
River. 

HENRY  WHITE,  Franklin  County,  fought  at  Stone  River,  Chick 
amauga,  and  Mission  Ridge.  He  was  slightly  wounded  at  Chick 
amauga. 

JACOB  WILLIAMS,  Bridgeport,  fought  at  Stone  River,  and  was 
wounded  there.  He  was  left  in  hospital,  and  was  captured,  but 
was  exchanged  and  rejoined  the  command  in  the  summer  of  1863, 
after  which  he  was  engaged  in  various  detail  duty.  After  the 
command  was  mounted,  he  was  veterinary  surgeon  for  brigade. 

JAMES  WRIGHT,  Bridgeport,  was  disabled  by  railroad  accident, 
June,  1863,  and  afterward  placed  on  list  of  retired  soldiers. 


742  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 


SIXTH  REGIMENT. 


FIELD    AND    STAFF. 


JOSEPH  H.  LEWIS,  Glasgow.      (See  biography.) 
MARTIN  H.  GOFER,  Elizabethtown.     (See  biography.) 
THOMAS  H.  HAYS,  Hardin  County.     (See  biography.) 
DAVID  C.  WALKER,  Scottville.      (See  biography.) 

JOHN  F.  DAVIS,  Shelby  County,  was  appointed  captain  and  A.  C. 
S.,  Oct.  8,  1 86 1  ;  but  went  into  the  battle  of  Shiloh  as  volunteer 
aid  to  the  colonel  commanding,  and  was  wounded  there;  was 
made  chief  commissary  of  division,  Oct.  14,  1862,  and  served 
till  the  close  of  the  war  on  various  duty  in  that  department. 

ED  PORTER  THOMPSON,  Metcalfe  County,  was  captain  and  A. 
Q.  M.,  after  October,  1863,  having  been  disabled  for  duty  in  the 
line.  (See  Co.  E.) 

GID  WELCH,  Shelby  County,  was  appointed  adjutant,  November, 
1861,  but  was  not  confirmed,  and  joined  Morgan's  cavalry,  Feb 
ruary.  1862.  Was  afterward  killed  in  battle. 

R.  R.  STEVENSON,  Anderson  County.      (See  biography.) 

JOHN  L.  VERTREES,  Glasgow,  was  appointed  assistant  surgeon, 
Oct.  5,  1861 ;  promoted  to  surgeon,  April  i,  1864;  and  served 
throughout  the  war  with  his  regiment  in  the  field. 

THOMAS  L.  NEWBERRY,  Hiseville,  was  appointed  assistant  sur 
geon,  April  i,  1864.  (See  biography.) 

H.  H.  KAVANAUGH,  JR.,  Falmouth,  chaplain.     (See  biography.) 


COMPANY  A,  SIXTH  REGIMENT. 

C.  B.  McCLASKEY,  Bloomfield,  was  elected  captain,  Oct.  8,  1861; 
fought  at  Shiloh;  at  Stone  River,  where  he  was  wounded;  at 
Jackson,  at  Chickamauga,  where  he  was  again  wounded;  at 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  at  Resaca,  at  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta; 
at  Peachtree  Creek,  at  Intrenchment  Creek,  at  Utoy  Creek,  and 
at  Jonesboro',  where  he  was  severely  wounded  in  right  shoulder, 
and  disabled  for  the  war,  while  gallantly  leading  the  Sixth  Regi 
ment  against  the  enemy,  Aug.  31,  1864.  He  died  at  home  in 
January,  1896. 

CHARLES  DAWSON,  Bloomfield,  was  elected  first  lieutenant,  Oct. 
8,  1861.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  where  he  was  severely  wounded, 
April  7,  1862,  and  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  enemy.  After  hav 
ing  been  exchanged,  he  was  appointed  commissary  of  the  Sixth 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  743 

Regiment.  In  August,  1863,  he  was  made  an  agent  for  the  col 
lection  of  supplies  in  Mississippi,  and  served  there  during  the  re 
mainder  of  the  war.  He  died  at  home  about  thirty  years  after 
the  war. 

PEYTON  L.  McMEKIN,  Bloomfield,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
Oct.  8,  1 86 1  ;  resigned,  May  10,  1862  ;  and  enlisted  as  a  private 
in  Co.  C,  Second  Kentucky  Cavalry. 

M.  E.  AULL,  Spencer  County,  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  Oct. 
8,  1 86 1.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  where  he  was  mortally  wounded, 
April  7,  and  died  at  Crystal  Springs,  Miss.,  April  20,  1862. 

JOSEPH  HENRY  McCLASKEY,  Nelson  County,  was  appointed 
first  sergeant,  Oct.  8,  1861.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga.  Died  of  dis 
ease  at  Newnan,  Ga.,  Nov.  22,  1863. 

ALEC  V.  DUNCAN,  Nelson  County,  was  appointed  second  ser 
geant,  Oct.  8,  1 86 1.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment 
Creeks.  Was  wounded  in  the  foot  at  the  latter  place,  July  22, 
1864,  but  rejoined  the  company,  Oct.  10,  and  took  part  in  the 
mounted  engagements. 

ISAAC  N.  STILWELL,  Spencer  County,  was  appointed  third  ser 
geant,  Oct.  8,  1861.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and  Jackson, 
after  which  he  was  disabled  by  ill  health  until  August,  1864, 
when  he  fought  at  Utoy  Creek,  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and 
was  with  dismounted  detachment  during  the  remainder  of  the  war. 

P.  SHINDLER,  Spencer  County,  was  appointed  fourth  sergeant, 
Oct.  8,  1 86 1.  Was  discharged  on  account  of  disability  by  dis 
ease,  Dec.  15,  1861,  and  died  at  home. 

THOMAS  G.  DUNCAN,  Nelson  County,  fought  with  Co.  G,  Fif 
teenth  Mississippi,  at  first  Manassas,  and  was  wounded  there; 
was  appointed  fifth  sergeant  Co.  A,  Sixth  Kentucky  Regiment, 
Nov.  17,  1861  ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge, 
and  Stone  River.  In  the  spring  of  1862,  he  was  appointed  sec 
ond  lieutenant  by  Gen.  Bragg,  to  fill  a  vacancy  in  Co.  G,  but 
was  displaced  by  an  order  from  the  WTar  Department,  making  all 
line  officers  elective,  November,  1862.  In  April,  1863,  he  was 
transferred  to  Co.  C,  Second  Kentucky  Cavalry. 

JNO.  N.  McCLASKEY,  Nelson  County,  was  appointed  fifth  ser 
geant,  1862.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Intrenchment  Creek,  where  he 
was  wounded  and  permanently  disabled.  Died  in  Texas  long 
after  the  war. 

ANDREW  ROGERS,  Spencer  County,  was  appointed  first  corporal, 
Oct.  8,  1861 ;  promoted  to  first  sergeant,  May  10,  1862;  was 
elected  second  lieutenant,  Dec.  17,  1862.  Fought  at  Vicksburg, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  at  which  latter  place  he  was 
wounded  by  a  shell;  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas; 


744  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy 
Creeks  ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engage 
ments.  Is  now  (1898)  a  citizen  of  Kansas. 

WILLIAM  PRATHER,  Washington  County,  was  appointed  second 
corporal,  Oct.  8,  1861.  Died  of  disease  at  Bowling  Green,  Dec. 
2,  1861. 

WILLIAM  W.  KNOTT,  Washington  County,  was  appointed  third 
corporal,  Oct.  8,  1861  ;  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  May  10, 
1862  ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge  ;  was  wounded  at 
the  latter  place;  fought  at  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree, 
Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in 
the  mounted  engagements  up  to  March,  1864,  when  he  was  sent 
into  Kentucky  to  recruit,  and  was  there  when  the  army  surren 
dered.  Died  in  Springfield,  Ky.,  about  sixteen  years  after  the 
war. 

WILLIAM  B.  MOXLEY,  Nelson  County,  was  appointed  fourth  cor 
poral,  Oct.  8,  1 86 1 ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Stone  River, 
Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  was  mortally  wounded  in  battle 
at  Dallas,  fell  into  Federal  hands,  had  leg  amputated,  but  was 
neglected,  and  died  after  Sherman  abandoned  his  prisoners  there, 
June  20,  1864. 

L.  H.  BENNETT,  Spencer  County,  was  appointed  second  lieutenant 
to  fill  the  vacancy  occasioned  by  death  of  Lieut.  Aull,  April  3, 
1862;  was  elected  first  lieutenant,  May  10,  1862.  Fought  at 
Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peach- 
tree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks  ;  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place, 
but  rejoined  the  company  and  fought  at  Jonesboro'.  Was  with 
the  dismounted  detachment  during  the  cavalry  service.  Died  in 
Jackson,  Miss.,  about  twenty  years  after  the  war. 

THOMAS  ASHBY,  Anderson  County,  was  transferred  from  Co.  K, 
May  10,  1862.  Was  regimental  teamster  until  April,  1864;  fought 
at  Rocky  Face,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at 
Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jones 
boro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  Now  (1898)  a  citizen  of 
Illinois. 

MARION  ASHBY,  Anderson  County,  was  transferred  from  Co.  K, 
May  10,  1862.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Stone  River,  Jack 
son,  and  Chickamauga,  at  which  latter  place  he  was  wounded  in 
the  shoulder ;  at  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from 
Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks; 
both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  all  the  mounted  engagements. 

JOSHUA  W.  ASHBY,  Anderson  County,  was  transferred  from  Co. 
K,  May  10,  1862.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  and  died  of  disease  at 
Lauderdale  Springs,  Miss.,  June  4,  1862. 

LOGAN  BARNARD,  Washington  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at 
Shiloh,  April  7,  1862.  Was  the  first  man  of  Co.  A  killed  in  bat 
tle.  Was  old  when  he  enlisted. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  745 

WILLIAM  BURROWS,  Nelson  County,  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  In- 
trenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in 
all  the  mounted  engagements.  Now  (1898)  a  citizen  of  Blandins- 
ville,  111. 

NACE  BARNARD,  Washington  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  where  he 
was  wounded  in  the  shoulder,  April  7,  1862;  at  Vicksburg,  Jack 
son,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas,  at  which 
latter  place  he  was  severely  wounded  in  the  face  and  neck,  and 
disabled  till  autumn,  but  fought  in  the  mounted  engagements. 
Now  (1898)  a  citizen  of  Texas. 

LOSSON  BODINE,  Nelson  County,  was  severely  wounded  in  battle 
at  Shiloh,  and  disabled;  was  discharged,  Sept.  3,  1862,  but  after 
ward  enlisted  in  a  Mississippi  regiment,  and  fought  till  the  close 
of  the  war. 

WILLIAM  H.  BEMISS,  Nelson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicks 
burg,  and  Baton  Rouge,  and  was  severely  wounded  in  the  face  at 
the  latter  place ;  at  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from 
Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks; 
both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  was  with  dismounted  men  during 
cavalry  operations. 

S.  G.  BYARS,  Shelby  County,  was  transferred  from  Co.  K,  May  10, 
1862.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  where  he  was  wounded;  at  Vicksburg, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga;  was  permanently  dis 
abled  at  the  latter  place  by  a  wound  in  the  arm.  Now  (1898)  a 
citizen  of  one  of  the  Southern  States. 

W.  J.  BOWLING,  Woodford  County,  was  transferred  from  First  Ken 
tucky  Cavalry,  March  9,  1863.  Fought  at  Jackson,  Chicka 
mauga,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peach- 
tree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro', 
and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

ELIJAH  BASYE,  Shelby  County,  was  transferred  from  Co.  K,  May 
10,  1862.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  and  Stone 
River.  Was  transferred,  July  9,  1863,  to  Co.  E,  First  Kentucky 
Cavalry,  with  which  he  served  till  the  close  of  the  war. 

GEO.  BURKHEAD,  Washington  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was 
wounded  there ;  at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jack 
son,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas  ;  from 
Dallas  to  Atlanta  ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks. 

L.  D.  BURTON,  Shelby  County,  transferred  from  Co.  K,  May  10, 
1862.  Fought  at  Shiloh;  was  discharged  on  account  of  dis 
ability,  Sept.  3,  1862.  Died  soon  after  the  war. 

RICHARD  BOND,  Washington  County,  fought  at  Stone  River; 
died  of  disease  at  Ringgold,  Ga.,  May  5,  1863. 

SAMUEL  N.  BENNETT,  Spencer  County,  was  enlisted  at  Jackson, 
June  6,  1863,  and  was  employed  in  various  detail  service  during 
the  remainder  of  the  war. 


746  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

GEO.  D.  BRIGGS,  Spencer  County,  was  wounded  in  battle  at 
Shiloh,  April  6,  and  was  discharged  on  account  of  disability, 
Nov.  17,  1862.  Afterward  joined  Morgan's  command,  and  fought 
till  the  surrender. 

A.  F.  BRIGGS,  Spencer  County,  died  of  disease  at  Bowling  Green, 

Nov.  21,  1 86 1. 

B.  SCOTT  BENNETT,  Spencer  County,  foughtat  Stone  River,  Jack 

son,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap,Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dal 
las  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ; 
both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements  to 
Savannah;  after  which  he  was  with  the  dismounted  detachment 
till  surrender.  He  was  wounded  in  the  neck  at  Intrenchment 
Creek,  July  22,  1864. 

J.  HEADY  BENNETT,  Spencer  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from 
Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks  ; 
both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  Died 
several  years  after  the  war. 

SEBE  CRUTCHER,  Spencer  County,  fought  at  siege  of  Vicksburg, 
and  at  Stone  River,  at  which  latter  place  he  was  wounded  and 
captured,  Jan.  2,  1863. 

STEPHEN  B.  CRUTCHER,  Spencer  County,  fought  at  Shiloh, 
Vicksburg,  and  Stone  River,  at  which  latter  place  he  was  wounded. 

CHRISTOPHER  H.  CASEY,  Washington  County,  discharged  on 
account  of  disability,  June  2,  1862. 

JOHN  T.  CRAYCROFT,  Washington  County,  fought  at  Vicksburg, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas;  was  wounded  in  the  shoulder  at  Dallas,  and  long  dis 
abled,  but  rejoined  the  command  at  Greene's  Cut,  Ga. ,  and  was 
with  dismounted  detachment  till  surrender. 

JOHN  T.  CECIL,  Hardin  County,  was  transferred  from  Co.  B,  June, 
1864.  Fought  with  Graves's  light  artillery  at  Donelson,  and  was 
captured  there ;  rejoined  Sixth  Regiment,  September,  1862,  and 
fought  at  Jackson.  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from 
Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks;  was 
wounded  at  the  latter  place,  and  afterward  did  detail  service  till 
surrender. 

R.  F.  COX,  Anderson  County,  was  transferred  from  Co.  K,  May  10, 
1862.  Foughtat  Vicksburg,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face 
Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peach- 
tree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro', 
and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

DUD  CALVERT,  Nelson  County,  was  appointed  corporal,  May  10, 
1862.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face,  Resaca,  Dallas,  and  Pine 
Mountain;  was  captured  in  a  skirmish  at  Kenesaw  Mountain,  but 
was  exchanged  and  rejoined  command;  was  with  dismounted  de 
tachment  during  the  remainder  of  the  war. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  747 

STINSON  COX,  Anderson  County,  was  transferred  from  Co.  K, 
May  10,  1862.  Fought  at  Shiloh  and  Vicksburg.  Was  discharged, 
being  under  age,  November,  1862. 

LUD  M.  DADISMAN,  Nelson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
and  Stone  River,  at  which  latter  place  he  was  severely  wounded, 
Dec.  31,  1862,  but  recovered  sufficiently  to  take  part  in  the  cam 
paigns  of  1864-5,  and  fought  at  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  Dal 
las  ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and 
Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  cavalry  engage 
ments.  Now  (1898)  a  citizen  of  Georgia — remained  South  after 
the  war  closed. 

HAB  DUNCAN,  Nelson  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peach- 
tree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro', 
and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

W.  O.  DAVIDSON,  Shelby  County,  was  transferred  from  Co.  K, 
May  10,  1862.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and  Stone  River; 
was  one  of  the  McMinnville  guard,  in  the  spring  of  1863,  when 
he  was  captured. 

GEORGE  W.  FOREE,  Shelby  County,  died  of  disease  at  Columbus, 
Miss.,  May  n,  1862. 

J.  W.  FRYAR,  Spencer  County,  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Stone  River, 
and  Jackson ;  was  captured  at  Jackson,  and  detained  in  prison 
till  the  close  of  the  war.  Nothing  known  of  him  subsequently. 

J.  B.  FORM  AN,  Spencer  County,  transferred  from  the  garrison  of 
Fort  Morgan,  November,  1862,  and  fought  at  Stone  River. 

AMOS  FOX,  Nelson  County,  was  appointed  hospital  steward,  Nov. 
i,  1 86 1,  and  assigned  to  post  duty.  Served  in  the  medical  de 
partment  during  the  war. 

R.  FRANKLIN,  Anderson  County,  was  transferred  to  Co.  G,  No 
vember,  1862. 

J.  GUTHRIE,  Shelby  County,  was  transferred  from  Co.  K,  May  10, 
1862.  Fought  at  Shiloh  and  Vicksburg. 

JOHN  GENTRY,  Franklin  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Vicksburg. 
Died  of  disease  at  Tangipahoa,  La.,  Aug.  15,  1862. 

NAPOLEON  B.  GENTRY,  Franklin  County,  fought  at  Shiloh, 
where  he  was  wounded  in  the  head,  April  7,  1862.  In  June, 
1862,  he  was  made  second  lieutenant  by  order  of  Bragg;  but 
owing  to  the  illegality  of  the  proceeding,  he  returned  to  the 
ranks  in  November.  Fought  at  Vicksburg  and  Stone  River,  and 
was  transferred  to  Co.  G,  Ninth  Kentucky  Cavalry,  April  9,  1863. 

ROSS  GREER,  Barren  County,  was  transferred  from  Co.  K,  May 
10,  1862  ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  where  he  was  wounded  in  the  arm 
and  disabled;  was  discharged,  July  5,  1862,  but  soon  reenlisted, 
the  last  time  in  a  Southern  regiment.  His  former  comrades  saw 
him  during  the  Dalton-Atlanta  campaign,  and  he  expected  to  re 
join  them,  but  the  brave  boy  was  killed  during  the  siege  of  At 
lanta. 


748  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

HENRY  C.  HURST,  Nelson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
and  Baton  Rouge;  was  appointed  first  sergeant,  Feb.  8,  1863; 
fought  at  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree  and  Intrench- 
ment  Creeks;  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  far  in  advance  of  his 
regiment,  July  22,  1864,  and  his  body  fell  into  the  enemy's 
hands. 

HELM  HOBBS,  Nelson  County,  fought  at  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from 
Dalton  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks,  at 
which  latter  place  he  was  wounded;  at  Utoy  Creek,  and  at  Jones- 
boro',  where  he  was  again  wounded,  Aug.  31,  1864.  After  hav 
ing  recovered,  he  was  sent  into  Kentucky  to  recruit  for  the  regi 
ment,  and  was  there  at  the  close  of  the  war.  Now  (1898)  a  citi 
zen  of  Covington. 

JOHN  HOUGLAND,  Spencer  County,  was  transferred  from  First 
Kentucky  Cavalry,  April,  1863  ;  fought  at  Jackson,  Chicka 
mauga,  Rocky  Face,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dalton  to  At 
lanta ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days 
at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

W.  H.  HARDIN,  Henry  County,  was  transferred  from  First  Ken 
tucky  Cavalry,  April,  1863;  fought  at  Jackson  and  Chickamauga  ; 
was  generally  disabled  for  duty  by  reason  of  ill  health,  but  was 
with  the  dismounted  detachment  at  the  time  of  surrender. 

VALENTINE  HARDIN,  Henry  County,  was  transferred  from  First 
Kentucky  Cavalry,  1863  ;  fought  at  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta; 
at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks,  and  was  killed  at  the  lat 
ter  place,  July  22,  1864. 

AMBROSE  HOPE,  Shelby  County,  was  transferred  from  Co.  K, 
May  10,  1862  ;  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Vicksburg  ;  died  of  disease, 
at  Ringgold,  Ga. ,  June  5,  1863. 

W.  H.  HAGERMAN,  Anderson  County,  was  transferred  from  Co. 
K,  May  10,  1862;  fought  at  Shiloh;  died  of  disease  at  Lauder- 
dale  Springs,  Miss.,  May,  1862. 

JNO.  BEN  HUGHES,  Spencer  County,  fought  at  Shiloh;  was  ap 
pointed  third  corporal,  May  10,  1862 ;  fought  at  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga,  at  which 
latter  place  he  was  severely  wounded  and  permanently  disabled. 

WM.  RILEY  JACKSON,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicks 
burg,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Rocky  Face,  Resaca,  Dallas  ;  and 
was  killed  in  a  skirmish  at  Pine  Mountain,  June  20,  1864. 

BUD  JEWELL,  Spencer  County,  was  in  some  of  the  earlier  battles, 
but  was  at  length  discharged  because  of  disability  by  disease. 
He  died  at  home  soon  after  the  war. 

W.  H.  KELLEY,  Henry  County,  was  enlisted  October,  1862;  fought 
at  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and 
Resaca;  was  captured  May  16,  1864,  on  movement  between  Re 
saca  and  Dallas. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  749 

W.  P.  KELLEY,  Shelby  County,  was  transferred  from  Co.  K,  May  20, 
1862  ;  fought  at  Shiloh;  died  of  disease  at  Corinth,  May,  1862. 

J.  W.  KACKLEY,  Franklin  County,  was  transferred  from  First 
Kentucky  Cavalry,  April,  1863 ;  fought  at  Jackson,  Chicka- 
mauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to 
Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both 
days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

N.  L.  LEATHERS,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Vicks 
burg;  was  discharged  on  account  of  disability  by  disease,  July  18, 
1862. 

HARVEY  LOWBER,  Nelson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment, 
and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted 
engagements.  He  was  awarded  medal  of  honor  for  gallant  and 
meritorious  conduct  at  Chickamauga.  Died  in  Daveiss  County 
more  than  twenty-five  years  after  the  war. 

J.  W.  McCLASKEY,  Nelson  County,  served  in  the  commissary  de 
partment  till  1863  ;  fought  at  Jackson  and  Chickamauga;  died  of 
disease  at  Newnan,  Ga. ,  March  22,  1864. 

WILLIAM  H.  MORGAN,  Nelson  County,  fought  at  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga;  was 
placed  on  the  corps  of  sharpshooters  at  Dalton  ;  fought  with  them 
at  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  was  engaged  almost 
daily  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  fought  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment, 
and  Utoy  Creeks,  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  en 
gagements.  Now  (1898)  a  citizen  of  Missouri. 

W.  C.  MORGAN,  Nelson  County,  died  of  disease  at  Bowling  Green, 
Jan.  9,  1862.  He  was  more  than  seventy  years  old  when  he  en 
listed. 

ALEXANDER  McMEKIN,  Nelson  County,  was  wounded  in  battle 
at  Shiloh,  April  7,  1862;  was  discharged  on  account  of  disability, 
July  18,  1862. 

LEONARD  MUDD,  Grayson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face 
Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree 
and  Intrenchment  Creeks  ;  was  wounded  in  the  neck  at  the  latter 
place,  but  fought  in  the  mounted  engagements.  Died  at  home 
some  years  after  the  war. 

HENRY  CLAY  McKAY,  Nelson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicks 
burg,  Baton  Rouge,  and  Stone  River;  was  appointed  sergeant- 
major,  May,  1863;  fought  at  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga;  was  ap 
pointed  first  lieutenant  and  aid  de-camp  to  Gen.  Lewis,  October, 
1863;  fought  in  that  capacity  at  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  Dallas,  and  Pine  Mountain.  He  was  killed  at  Kenesaw 
Mountain,  June,  1864,  while  observing  the  fire  of  Cobb's  Bat 
tery.  He  was  but  a  boy  when  enlisted,  and  only  about  nineteen 
years  of  age  when  he  fell. 


750  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

S.  M.  MILTON,  Nelson  County,  died  of  disease  at  Bowling  Green, 
Dec.  5,  1861. 

JOHN  Y.  MILTON,  Nelson  County,  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  and  Jackson  ;  was  placed  on  the  corps  of 
sharpshooters  at  Dalton  ;  fought  at  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas;  was  almost  daily  engaged  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  fought 
at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at 
Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  Now  (1898)  a 
citizen  of  Louisiana,  (near  Baton  Rouge). 

GEO.  McAFEE,  Spencer  County,  was  killed  at  Shiloh,  April  6, 
1862. 

JOHN  WILLIAM  MONTGOMERY,  Nelson  County,  fought  at 
Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta; 
at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at 
Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

'GEO.  H.  MILLER,  Marion  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Vicks 
burg;  was  discharged  Nov.  15,  1862,  being  under  age. 

DAVID  MIDDLETON,  Spencer  County,  was  discharged  on  account 
of  disability  by  disease,  1862.  Died  soon  after  the  war.  • 

E.  D.  MERRIFIELD,  Nelson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
and  Baton  Rouge ;  was  transferred  to  First  Kentucky  Cavalry, 
June  12,  1863.  He  was  captured  and  confined  in  a  Northern 
prison,  from  which  he  was  at  length  released,  but  he  died  a  few 
weeks  after  the  war. 

E.  P.  MARSHALL,  Nelson  County,  fought  at  Donelson  with  Graves's 
Battery ;  was  captured  there,  and  detained  at  Camp  Morton  till 
September,  1862,  when  he  rejoined  Co.  A,  and  fought  at  Stone 
River,  where  he  was  severely  wounded  and  again  captured;  after 
having  been  exchanged,  he  was  made  a  courier  for  Gen.  Lewis, 
and  served  in  that  capacity  during  the  remainder  of  the  war. 

H.  NOLAND,  Marion  County,  died  of  disease  at  Decatur,  Ala., 
March  6,  1862. 

J.  R.  NANTZ,  Nelson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  where  he  was 
severely  wounded  in  an  arm  and  shoulder ;  fought  at  Stone  River; 
was  appointed  corporal,  1863;  fought  at  Jackson,  Rocky  Face 
Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  was  wounded  and  captured  at  Dal 
las,  but  escaped  and  rejoined  command,  and  was  with  the  dis 
mounted  detachment  till  the  surrender.  Died  in  Hodgenville, 
July  4,  1894. 

J.  D.  OVERSTREET,  Spencer  County,  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  and  Resaca; 
was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  May  14,  1864. 

THOMAS  D.  OSBORNE,  Louisville.     (See  biography.) 

R.  PAYNE,  Clarksville,  Tenn.,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and 
Baton  Rouge ;  was  discharged,  Dec.  15,  1862,  being  over  age. 

WM.  PHELPS,  Washington  County,  fought  at  Shiloh. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  751 

F.  E.  PARRIS,  Spencer  County,  died  of  disease  at  Bowling  Green, 
Dec.  29,  1861. 

J.  L.  PATTIE,  Franklin  County,  was  transferred  from  First  Kentucky 
Cavalry,  April,  1863;  fought  at  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky 
Face,  and  Resaca ;  was  captured  between  Resaca  and  Dallas, 
May  16,  1864. 

JOHN  R.  RACHFORD,  LaRue  County,  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and 
Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  en 
gagements. 

JOHN  ROWLAND,  Nelson  County,  died  of  disease  at  Corinth,  May 
9,  1862. 

WM.  RHODES,  Nelson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas  ;  from 
Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks; 
both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  Now 
(1898)  a  citizen  of  Texas. 

WM.  REASOR,  Union  County,  was  discharged  at  Murfreesboro'  on 
account  of  disability  by  disease,  Feb.  18,  1862. 

GEORGE  STONE,  Union  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face 
Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  was  mortally  wounded  at  the  latter 
place,  and  died,  June  3,  1864. 

LEWIS  SLOANE,  Spencer  County,  died  of  disease  at  Bowling  Green, 
Oct.  29,  1861. 

JOSEPH  SWEAZY,  Nelson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Vicksburg ; 
was  discharged,  being  under  age,  Nov.  25,  1862,  and  joined 
Morgan's  scouts.  Now  (1898)  a  citizen  of  Illinois. 

J.  F.  SWEAZY,  Nelson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and 
Stone  River;  was  wounded  in  the  hand  at  the  latter  place;  fought 
at  Jackson,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas 
to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both 
days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  cavalry  engagements,  in  one  of 
which  he  was  again  wounded. 

JOSEPH  V.  SWEAZY,  Nelson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  where  he 
was  wounded  in  the  right  side ;  fought  at  Vicksburg  and  Baton 
Rouge,  at  which  Latter  place  he  was  wounded  in  the  right  shoul 
der;  at  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga;  at  Chicka 
mauga  he  was  again  wounded  in  the  right  shoulder;  fought  at 
Rocky  Face,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at 
Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days  at  Jones 
boro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  Died  in  Illinois  long 
after  the  war — death  caused  by  the  old  wounds. 

WM.  STULL,  Spencer  County,  fought  at  Shiloh. 

L.  N.  STOUT,  Spencer  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and 
Stone  River;  died  of  disease  in  Atlanta,  Ga.,  Feb.  15,  1863. 


752  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

PAT  SIMMS,  Washington  County,  was  appointed  quartermaster-ser 
geant,  Nov.  12,  1861;  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Vicksburg;  was 
transferred  to  cavalry,  July  15,  1862. 

JACKSON  TABB,  Nelson  County,  was  appointed  wagonmaster,  Oct. 
9,  1861;  was  captured  at  Jackson,  July  17,  1863,  and  detained 
in  prison  till  the  war  terminated. 

WM.  B.  SPEARS,  Springfield,  ("Tobe");  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicks 
burg,  Stone  River,  and  Jackson ;  was  appointed  fifth  sergeant, 
Nov.  i,  1863  ;  fought  at  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas; 
from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy 
Creeks ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engage 
ments. 

L.  C.  THOMAS,  Spencer  County,  died  of  disease  at  Bowling  Green, 
Nov.  8,  1861. 

H.  C.  TRAVIS,  Nelson  County,  was  at  siege  of  Vicksburg,  July, 
1862. 

NAPOLEON  B.  THOMPSON,  Jefferson  County,  was  transferred 
from  First  Kentucky  Cavalry,  April,  1863  ;  fought  at  Rocky  Face 
Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  was  wounded  in  the  neck  at  Kene- 
saw  Mountain,  June  20,  1864.  During  the  cavalry  operations  he 
was  with  the  dismounted  men. 

WM.  B.  THOMPSON,  Shelby  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
and  Baton  Rouge;  was  discharged  on  account  of  disability,  1862, 
but  afterward  joined  a  regiment  of  Georgians,  and  served  with 
them  to  the  close  of  the  war.  Died  about  twenty  years  after  the 
war. 

JAMES  TENNELL,  Nelson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment, 
and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted 
engagements.  (See  account  of  sharpshooters.)  Now  (1898)  a 
citizen  of  Texas. 

JACK  WEBSTER,  Spencer  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
and  Baton  Rouge. 

V.  M.  WELLS,  Nelson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  May  28,  1864. 

J.  O.  WILKINSON,  Nelson  County,  fought  with  Co.  A  at  Shiloh, 
Vicksburg,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga;  and  was 
transferred  to  Co.  E,  October,  1863. 


COMPANY  B,  SIXTH  REGIMENT. 

GEORGE  W.  MAXSON,  New  York,  was  elected  captain,  Oct.  28, 
1861;  was  promoted  to  major,  Sept.  20,  1863;  fought  at  Shiloh, 
Vicksburg,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas  ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment, 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  753 

and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro' ;  and  during  the  cav 
alry  operations  he  was  with  the  dismounted  detachment.  After 
the  war  he  was  ordained  a  minister  of  the  Presbyterian  Church, 
and  rose  to  eminence  as  a  pastor  and  teacher — having  had  rharge 
of  different  Southern  churches  and  filled  chairs  in  some  of  the 
higher  educational  institutions. 

L.  M.  TUCKER,  Louisville,  was  elected  first  lieutenant,  Oct.  28, 
1861  ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  where  he  was  wounded,  April  7,  1862; 
was  relieved,  at  his  own  request,  Nov.  i,  1862. 

WM.  H.  MILLER,  Hardin  County,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
Oct.  28,  1861 ;  fought  at  Shiloh;  resigned  May  10,  1862.  Is  now 
a  citizen  of  Texas. 

E.  D.  RICKETTS,  Louisville,  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  Oct. 
28,  1861;  was  promoted  to  captain  and  A.  Q.  M.,  May  i,  1862, 
and  served  as  such  with  the  Sixth  Regiment  until  November, 
1863,  when  he  went  to  the  Department  of  West  Virginia. 

JOHN  S.  SULLIVAN,  Louisville,  was  appointed  first  sergeant,  Oct. 
28,  1 86 1 ;  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  May  10,  1862;  was  pro 
moted  to  first  lieutenant,  Nov.  i,  1862;  to  captain,  Sept.  20, 
1863;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  was 
severely  wounded  at  Dallas,  but  recovered  and  fought  both  days 
at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  cavalry  engagements.  Took  service 
after  the  war  with  the  L.  &  N.  R.  R.  Company.  He  died  in 
Lexington,  Oct.  4,  1885. 

M.  D.  SCIFERS,  Hardin  County,  was  appointed  second  sergeant, 
Oct.  28,  1861 ;  was  relieved  of  that  duty  at  his  own  request,  Sept. 
10,  1862.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and  Baton  Rouge;  was 
severely  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  but  recovered  to  fight  at 
Jackson  and  Chickamauga. 

JO  L.  TUCKER,  Louisville,  was  appointed  third  sergeant,  Oct.  28, 
1 86 1 ;  was  returned  to  the  ranks  at  his  own  request,  Feb.  10, 
1862.  Fought  at  Shiloh  and  Stone  River;  and  in  1863  he  was 
assigned  to  duty  in  the  department  of  engineers,  with  the  rank  of 
first  lieutenant,  and  served  in  that  capacity  during  the  remainder 
of  the  war. 

J.  M.  ENGLISH,  Hardin  County,  was  appointed  fourth  sergeant, 
,  Oct.  28,  1 86 1.  Died  of  disease  at  Bowling  Green,  Jan.  i,  1862. 

JAMES  RICKETTS,  Louisville,  was  appointed  fifth  sergeant,  Oct. 
28,  1 86 1.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone 
River,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas.  He 
was  wounded  in  the  first  day's  fight  at  Shiloh. 

ABRAHAM  LOEB,  Germany,  was  appointed  first  corporal,  Oct.  28, 
1861 ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was  wounded  in  the  nose;  at  Vicks 
burg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga, 
where  he  was  again  wounded;  at  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and 
Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  en 
gagements. 

48 


754  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

O.  J.  HALL,  Hardin  County,  was  appointed  second  corporal,  Oct. 
28,  1861;  was  promoted  to  third  sergeant,  May  8,  1862;  was 
elected  second  lieutenant,  Nov.  i,  1862.  Fought  at  Shiloh, 
Vicksburg,  and  Baton  Rouge;  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place; 
fought  at  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face 
Ridge,  Resaca,,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peach- 
tree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks ;  at  the  latter  place  he  was  again 
wounded,  but  fought  at  Utoy  Creek,  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and 
in  the  mounted  engagements.  He  is  now  a  citizen  of  Arkansas. 

O.  McDONALD,  Louisville,  was  appointed  third  corporal,  Oct.  28, 
1 86 1.  Fought  at  Shiloh  and  Vicksburg ;  was  drowned  in  Comite 
River,  Aug.  4,  1862. 

JOHN  DILLARD,  Hardin  County,  was  appointed  fourth  corporal, 
Oct.  28,  1861.  Was  discharged  on  account  of  disability  by  dis 
ease,  Dec.  i,  1 86 1. 

J.  W.  APPLEGATE,  Hardin  County,  fought  at  Shiloh.  Was  dis 
charged  on  account  of  disability  by  disease,  Oct.  20,  1862. 

D.  T.  BISHOP,  Hardin  County,  fought  at  Shiloh.      Was  discharged 

on  account  of  disability  by  disease,  July  15,  1862. 

JAMES  BLANKS,  Louisville,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  In- 
trenehment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in 
the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  wounded  on  the  skirmish  line 
at  Kenesaw  Mountain,  July  i,  1864. 

S.  H.  BUSH,  Elizabethtown,  was  appointed  commissary  sergeant, 
Nov.  2,  1861;  was  appointed  first  sergeant,  May  8,  1862;  fought 
at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River.  Jackson,  and 
Chickamauga;  was  dangerously  wounded  at  the  latter  place, 
Sept.  20,  1863,  and  disabled,  but  remained  to  the  close  of  the 
war.  At  this  time,  more  than  thirty-four  years  after  received, 
the  wound  is  causing  suffering  and  inconvenience. 

J.  E.  BRANNON,  LaRue  County,  was  discharged  on  account  of 
disability  by  disease,  Nov.  30,  1862. 

M.  S.  BENNETT,  Hardin  County,  was  wounded  in  battle  at  Shiloh, 
disabled,  and  was  discharged  in  consequence,  Nov.  30,  1862. 

E.  BRISTOL,  Hardin  County,  fought  at  Shiloh.      Died  of  disease, 

Jan.  i,  1863. 

HENRY  O.  BROWN,  Hardin  County,  was  discharged  on  account 
of  disability  by  disease,  Feb.  20,  1862. 

C.  A.  BUFORD,  Hardin  County,  was  discharged  on  account  of  dis 
ability  by  disease,  Feb.  28,  1862. 

A.  BRASHEAR,  LaRue  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  In 
trenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  da)  s  at  Jonesboro',  and  in 
the  mounted  engagement:;.  Died  some  years  after  the  war. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  755 

CY  W.  BRANHAM,  Hardin  County,  was  appointed  corporal,  Sept. 
i,  1863.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Stone  River,  Chicka- 
mauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to 
Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  and  was 
killed  in  battle  at  Jonesboro',  Aug.  31,  1864. 

LUKE  CHENAULT,  Hardin  County,  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  and  was  severely  wounded  on  the  skirmish 
line  at  Kenesaw  Mountain,  July  2,  1864. 

JOHN  T.  CECIL,  Hardin  County.      (See  Co.  A.) 

|.  R.  COPE,  Louisville,  fought  at  Shiloh ;  was  discharged  on  account 
of  disability  by  disease,  June  i,  1863. 

WILLIAM  T.  CAPLINGER,  Shelby  County,  was  transferred  from 
Co.  K,  May  10,  1862.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas; 
from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy 
Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engage 
ments. 

JAMES  CRUTCHER,  Hardin  County,  was  transferred  to  Forrest's 
cavalry,  Nov.  i,  1862. 

JOHN  T.  CRAYCROFT,  Washington  County.     (See  Co.  A.) 
A.  CHENAULT,  Hardin  County,  died  of  disease,  April  4,  1862. 

J.  DONOHUE,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh;  was  discharged  on 
account  of  disability  by  disease,  July  15,  1862. 

ROBT.  DARST,  Grayson  County,  was  generally  disabled  by  ill 
health  for  duty  in  the  ranks,  and  was  employed  as  teamster. 

L.  L.  DUNCAN,  Louisville,  was  appointed  sergeant,  Feb.  10,  1862. 
Fought  at  Baton  Rouge,  and  was  wounded  there.  Was  assigned 
to  duty  in  the  ordnance  department,  Army  of  Northern  Virginia, 
in  1863,  with  the  rank  of  first  lieutenant,  and  remained  there 
during  the  war. 

W.  B.  DAVIS,  Kentucky,  transferred  to  commissary  department, 
Sept.  i,  1862. 

GEO.  S.  ESSEX,  Louisville,  was  detailed  for  duty  at  Gen.  Breckin- 
ridge's  headquarters  early  in  the  war,  and  was  with  him  on  the 
field  at  Shiloh ;  fought  at  Stone  River  and  Jackson ;  was  trans 
ferred  to  Co.  G,  June  i,  1863;  was  generally  employed  as  clerk 
at  the  headquarters  of  different  field  and  general  officers  until  the 
opening  of  the  campaign  of  1864,  when  he  rejoined  the  company, 
and  fought  at  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dal 
las  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks;  after 
which  he  joined  Morgan's  cavalry,  and  served  with  it  until  Feb 
ruary,  1865.  He  was  then  sent  into  Kentucky  with  recruiting 
orders,  and  while  engaged  in  that  duty,  was  captured  and  im 
prisoned,  but  was  released  about  the  close  of  the  war. 

FRANK  EVANS,  Louisville,  was  discharged  on  account  of  disa 
bility  by  disease,  Dec.  i,  1861. 


756  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

J.  J.  EDELIN,  Grayson  County,  fought  in  nearly  all  the  engagements 
of  his  command,  but  was  some  time  on  detail  service,  having 
been  disabled  by  wound.  Now  (1898)  a  citizen  of  Owen  County. 

JORDAN  FLOOR,  Jefferson  County,  was  transferred  to  the  Buckner 
Guards,  Nov.  i,  1861. 

FRANK  FUNK,  Louisville,  was  transferred  to  the  Buckner  Guards, 
Nov.  i,  1861. 

EDWIN  J.  FREEMAN,  Elizabethtown.  When  Co.  B  was  first  or 
ganized,  he  was  elected  a  lieutenant,  but  upon  another  organiza 
tion,  he  was  displaced,  and  served  as  second  sergeant  of  the  com 
pany  until  the  autumn  of  1863,  when  the  War  Department  ad 
judged  that  he  had  never  lost  his  original  rank,  and  that  he  should 
be,  by  promotion,  captain;  but  at  his  own  request  he  was  assigned  to 
duty  as  a  second  lieutenant.  He  fought  at  Shiloh,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Dallas;  was  mortally  wounded  in  the 
charge  at  Dallas,  and  died  in  June,  1864. 

C.  L.  GLASGOW,  Hardin  County,  was  appointed  corporal,  May  10, 
1862  ;  promoted  to  sergeant,  November,  1862.  Fought  at  Shiloh, 
Vicksburg,  Stone  River,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment, 
and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted 
engagements. 

WM.  GLASGOW,  Hardin  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh, 
April  7,  1862. 

JOHN  S.  GRAHAM,  Hardin  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Vicks 
burg.  Died  of  disease  near  Comite  River,  Louisiana,  Aug.  20, 
1862. 

JAMES  B.  HIGDON,  Grayson  County,  was  appointed  sergeant, 
Feb.  10,  1862;  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  May  10,  1862. 
Fought  at  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas. 
Resigned,  June  23,  1864,  and  joined  Williams'  brigade  of  cavalry. 
Died  in  Leitchfield  some  years  after  the  war. 

FRANK  HIGDON,  Grayson  County,  was  appointed  sergeant,  May 
10,  1862.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and 
Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted 
engagements. 

WILLIAM  HENTON,  Shelby  County,  was  transferred  from  Co.  K, 
May  10,  1862.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Intrenchment  and  Utoy 
Creeks;  at  Jonesboro*,  both  days,  and  in  the  mounted  engage 
ments.  He  was  wounded  at  Stone  River. 

JOHN  HENTON,  Shelby  County,  was  transferred  from  Co.  K,  May 
10,  1862.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga,  at  which  latter  place  he  was 
killed,  Sept.  20,  1863. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  757 

ANDREW  HARRIS,  Hardin  County,  died  of  disease,  Feb.  20,1862. 

ALBERT  HERRON,  Hardin  County,  was  transferred  to  Morgan's 
cavalry,  November,  1862. 

M.  ELSTON  HOCKER,  Shelby  County,  was  transferred  from  Co.  K, 
May  10,  1862.  Was  appointed  sergeant-major,  June  4,  1863; 
fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and  Stone  River;  was  severely 
wounded  at  Stone  River,  and  captured. 

L.  P.  JENKINS,  Hardin  County,  was  mortally  wounded  in  battle  at 
Shiloh,  April  7,  1862,  and  died  in  Holmes  County,  Miss. ,  shortly 
afterward. 

G.  W.  KELLEY,  Hardin  County,  fought  at  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas  ;  from  Dallas 
to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both 
days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  He  was 
twice  wounded  on  the  campaign  of  1864.  Died  some  years  after 
the  war. 

JOHN  M.  KEY,  Hart  County,  fought  at  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment, 
and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted 
engagements. 

JOSEPH  A.  LLOYD,  Louisville,  was  discharged  on  account  of  dis 
ability  by  disease,  May  30,  1862.  Was  about  65  years  old,  and 
had  served  in  the  Mexican  war.  Died  in  Louisville  about  25 
years  after  the  civil  war. 

JAMES  F.  LLOYD,  Louisville,  fought  at  Shiloh.  Was  discharged 
on  account  of  disability  by  disease,  Dec.  10,  1862.  Died  in 
Louisville  some  years  after  the  war. 

ALEC  H.  LLOYD,  Louisville,  was  discharged  on  account  of  dis 
ability  by  disease,  Jan.  20,  1862.  Died  in  Louisville,  Dec.  25, 
1894. 

A.  J.  MOREMAN,  Hardin  County,  was  appointed  sergeant,  Feb.io, 
1862.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  and  Stone 
River.  Died  of  disease  at  Albany,  Ga.,  November,  1863. 

W.  T.  MATTHEWS,  Hancock  County,  died  of  disease,  April,  1862. 
J.  MILES,  Hardin  County,  died  of  disease,  Jan.  20,  1862. 

LEN  MUDD,  Grayson  County,  was  transferred  to  Co.  A,  June  15, 
1864. 

WILLIAM  PRICE,  Shelby  County,  was  transferred  from  Co.  K, 
May  10,  1862,  but  afterward  joined  a  regiment  in  the  Trans- 
Mississippi  Department,  and  was  killed  in  battle  there. 

FRELINGHUYSEN  PAUL,  Henry  County,  was  transferred  from 
Co.  K,  May  10,  1862.  Was  employed  in  detail  service  during 
the  earlier  part  of  the  war,  but  fought  on  the  campaign  of  1864, 
at  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas  ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta; 
at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks;  was  mortally  wounded  at 
the  latter  place  ;  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  enemy,  and  died  at 
Marietta,  Ga. ,  1864. 


758  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

WILLIAM  PEARCE,  Shelby  County,  was  transferred  from  Co.  K, 
May  10,  1862.  Was  discharged  on  account  of  disability  by  dis 
ease,  Nov.  30,  1862. 

A.  W.  RANDOLPH,  Louisville,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Jack 
son,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from 
Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks  ; 
both  days  at  Jonesboro' ;  and  during  the  cavalry  operations  was 
with  the  dismounted  detachment.  Died  at  Clifton,  Ky. ,  March 
12,  1895. 

E.  W.  READ,  Hardin  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamanga;  on  the  campaign  of  1864,  he 
was  mostly  engaged  in  detail  duty,  but  fought  at  Jonesboro'. 
After  the  command  was  mounted  he  was  again  detailed  for  other 
service.  Now  a  citizen  of  St.  Joseph,  Mo. 

J.  O.  READ,  Hardin  County,  was  discharged  on  account  of  disability 
by  disease,  Sept.  i,  1862. 

J.  H.  READ,  Hardin  County,  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga ;  was  wounded  at  the 
latter  place;  fought  at  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas; 
from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy 
Creeks ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engage 
ments.  Now  a  citizen  of  St.  Joseph,  Mo. 

J.  B.  READ,  Hardin  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga ;  was  wounded 
at  the  latter  place ;  fought  at  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and 
Utoy  Creeks,  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  en 
gagements. 

JNO.  B.  SPURRIER,  Louisville,  fought  at  Hutcherson's  October, 
1 86 1  ;  at  Shiloh,  where  he  was  dangerously  wounded  while  help 
ing  to  work  Byrne's  guns,  and  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  enemy. 
After  he  was  exchanged,  he  was  made  ordnance  sergeant  of  the 
Sixth  Regiment,  and  served  in  that  capacity  during  the  remainder 
of  the  war. 

J.  W.  SCIFERS,  Hardin  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  was  wounded  at 
Kenesaw  Mountain,  June  30,  1864;  fought  at  Peachtree,  In 
trenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in 
the  mounted  engagements.  Now  a  citizen  of  Hancock  County. 

FRED  SEVER,  Prussia,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and  Baton 
Rouge.  Was  discharged,  Nov.  17,  1862,  being  over  age. 

ANDREW  STORMS,  Grayson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga.  On  the  campaign  of 
1864,  he  was  employed  on  fatigue  duty,  having  grown  partially 
blind;  and  was  with  dismounted  detachment  during  the  cavalry 
operations.  Died  long  after  the  close  of  the  war. 

JOHN  STORMS,  Grayson  County,  died  of  disease,  Oct.  i,  1862. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  759 

A.  W.  STITH,  Hardin  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  ;  died  in  prison, 
July,  1863. 

A.  M.  STITH,  Hardin  County,  was  appointed  corporal,  November, 
1862.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Stone  River,  Chickamauga, 
Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta; 
at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks  ;  was  wounded  on  a  skir 
mish  line,  August,  1864;  was  in  the  mounted  engagements  to 
Savannah  ;  was  captured  at  the  falls  of  the  Ogeechee,  December, 
1864,  and  detained  in  prison  until  after  the  war  closed. 

D.  G.  STITH,  Hardin  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  was  wounded 
there ;  fought  also  at  Stone  River,  Chickamauga,  on  the  four- 
month  Dalton-Atlanta  campaign,  and  in  the  mounted  engagements 
on  the  March  to  the  Sea  and  through  the  Carolinas.  Died  at 
home  in  1892. 

J.  M.  SCIFERS,  SR.  ,  Hardin  County,  fought  at  Baton  Rouge;  died 
of  disease  at  Clinton,  La.,  Nov.  9,  1862. 

J.  M.  SCIFERS,  JR.,  Hardin  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face 
Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peach- 
tree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro', 
and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  Now  a  citizen  of  Hancock 
County. 

R.  H.  SCIFERS,  Hardin  County,  was  accidentally  shot  at  Bowling 
Green,  and  disabled;  was  discharged,  January,  1862. 

CLABE  W.  SCIFERS,  Hardin  County,  was  generally  employed  as 
teamster,  being  unable  to  do  regular  field  service.  Was  dis 
charged,  Feb.  10,  1864. 

J.  A.  THOMAS,  Shelby  County,  was  transferred  from  Co.  K,  Sep 
tember,  1862.  Fought  at  Donelson,  with  Graves's  light  artillery; 
at  Stone  River,  with  the  Sixth  Regiment;  and  was  transferred  to 
Mebane's  Battery,  June  20,  1863. 

FRANK  M.  THOMAS,  Hardin  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas; 
was  wounded  in  the  hip  at  Kenesaw  Mountain,  June,  1864,  but 
recovered  and  fought  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  some  of  the  mounted 
engagements.  Now  a  citizen  of  Breckenridge  County. 

DAVID  B.  TATE,  Hardin  County,  fought  at  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca.  Dallas,  and  in  the 
mounted  engagements. 

PETER  THOMAS,  Hardin  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face 
Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree 
and  Intrenchment  Creeks;  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  July 
22,  1864;  was  in  the  mounted  engagements  between  Stockbridge 
and  Savannah ;  and  was  captured  at  the  Falls  of  the  Ogeechee, 
Nov.  28,  1864,  while  on  scout  duty. 


760  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

WILLIAM  W.  WATKINS,  LaRue  County,  was  appointed  corporal, 
Feb.  10,  1862;  was  promoted  to  sergeant,  November,  1863; 
fought  at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chick- 
amauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to 
Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both 
days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  Died  at 
home  in  1894. 

ALFRED  WILHELM,  Breckenridge  County,  fought  at  Vicksburg, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas; 
was  wounded  at  Dallas,  but  recovered  and  fought  at  Jonesboro', 
and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

ALEC  WELLS,  Shelby  County,  was  transferred  from  Co.  K,  May 
10,  1862;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas;  and  was  killed  in  battle  at  the  latter  place,  May  28,  1864. 
"  Uncle  Alec,"  as  he  was  familiarly  called,  was  a  man  somewhat 
advanced  in  age — quiet,  unpretending,  but  gallant  and  faithful  to 
the  last. 

GEORGE  W.  WELLS,  Shelby  County  was  transferred  from  Co.  K, 
May  10,  1862.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and  Baton  Rouge; 
was  employed  during  the  campaigns  of  1863  on  detached  service, 
in  the  department  of  subsistence;  fought  at  Rocky  Face  Ridge, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta,  at  Peachtree  and  In 
trenchment  Creeks;  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  July  22, 
1 864>  and  disabled  for  the  remainder  of  the  war. 


COMPANY  C,  SIXTH  REGIMENT. 

ISAAC  SMITH,  Barren  County,  was  elected  captain,  Nov.  7,  1861 ; 
fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and  Baton  Rouge,  at  which  latter 
place  he  was  the  acting  major  of  the  Sixth  Regiment ;  resigned, 
March  15,  1863. 

JAMES  A.  HINDMAN,  Barren  County,  was  elected  first  lieutenant, 
Nov.  7,  1861;  resigned.  May  10,  1862. 

SAM  H.  BUCHANAN,  Oldham  County.      (See  biography.) 

JOHN  T.  NEVILLE,  Barren  County,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
Nov.  7,  1 86 1 ;  resigned,  May  10,  1862. 

WM.  J.  MORRISON,  Barren  County,  was  appointed  first  sergeant, 
Nov.  7,  1 86 1 ;  but  was  discharged  on  account  of  disability  by  dis 
ease,  Jan.  i,  1862. 

J.  R.  WILSON,  Barren  County,  was  appointed  second  sergeant,  Nov. 
7,  1861;  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Vicksburg;  was  discharged  on  ac 
count  of  disability  by  disease,  Sept.  15,  1862. 

NOAH  SMITH,  Barren  County,  was  appointed  third  sergeant,  Nov. 
7,  1 86 1 ;  was  promoted  to  first  sergeant,  June  i,  1862  ;  was  elected 
first  lieutenant,  May  10,  1862;  and  promoted  to  captain,  March 
15,  1863  ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River, 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  761 

Jackson,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to 
Atlanta ;  and  at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks.  He  was  se 
verely  wounded  at  Stone  River,  Jan.  2,  1863,  and  so  severely 
wounded  at  Intrenchment  Creek,  July  22,  1864,  as  to  be  disabled 
for  service  during  the  remainder  of  the  war. 

J.  J.  OWEN,  Barren  County,  was  appointed  fourth  sergeant,  Nov.  7, 
1861  ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was  wounded;  at  Baton  Rouge;  at 
Stone  'River,  where  he  was  wounded  and  captured ;  after  having 
been  exchanged  he  fought  at  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree  and 
Intrenchment  Creeks;  at  the  latter  place  he  was  again  severely 
wounded  and  disabled  for  service  during  the  remainder  of  the 
war. 

J.  H.  WILSON,  Barren  County,  was  appointed  fifth  sergeant,  Nov. 
7,  1861  ;  died  of  disease  at  Bowling  Green,  Dec.  r,  1861. 

BEN  M.  STEFFEY,  Hart  County,  was  appointed  first  corporal,  Nov. 
7,  1861  ;  and  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  May  10,  1862;  fought 
at  Shiloh,  where  he  was  severely  wounded;  at  Baton  Rouge  and 
Stone  River;  was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant,  March  15,  1863; 
fought  at  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and 
Utoy  Creeks,  and  both  days  at  Jonesboro';  resigned,  October, 
1864. 

S.  S.  MARTIN,  Barren  County,  was  appointed  second  corporal,  Nov. 
7,  1861  ;  was  promoted  to  fourth  sergeant,  Nov.  3,  1862  ;  fought 
at  Shiloh,  through  which  battle  he  bore  the  regimental  colors  ;  at 
Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  and  Stone  River;  was  wounded  and 
captured  at  the  latter  place ;  after  the  exchange  he  fought  at 
Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  fought  at 
Jonesboro',  both  days,  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

WM.  H.  HAYDEN,  Barren  County,  was  appointed  third  corporal, 
Nov.  7,  1861;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Stone  River;  Jack 
son,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to 
Atlanta;  at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks;  was  wounded  at 
the  latter  place,  and  died  at  Vineville,  Ga. ,  Sept.  28,  1864. 

A.  E.  YOUNG,  Barren  County,  was  appointed  fourth  corporal,  Nov. 
7,  1861. 

W.  J.  BIRD,  Adair  County,  was  appointed  fifth  sergeant,  May  5, 
1863;  fought  at  Baton  Rouge  and  Stone  River;  was  wounded 
at  the  latter  place  and  captured ;  after  having  been  exchanged, 
he  fought  at  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  and  at  Peachtree,  Intrench 
ment,  and  Utoy  Creeks  ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the 
mounted  engagements. 

DAVID  C.  BREEDING,  Adair  County,  was  mortally  wounded  in 
battle  at  Shiloh,  and  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  enemy  ;  died  on 
board  a  vessel  bound  for  Cincinnati,  April,  1862. 

JAMES  A.  BREEDING,  Adair  County,  was  discharged  on  account 
of  disability  by  disease,  Feb.  28,  1862. 


762  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

ED  BISHOP,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and  Stone 
River;  was  mortally  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  Jan.  2,  and 
died  there,  Jan.  28,  1863. 

J.  H.  BROWN,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Baton  Rouge. 
WILLIS  P.  BUSH,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Stone  River. 

JOHNSON  J.  BROOKS,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Jackson  and 
Chickamauga;  was  generally  too  fat  for  hard  service,  and  was 
employed  as  teamster. 

JAMES  J.  BROOKS,  Barren  County,  was  appointed  corporal,  Nov. 
3,  1862  ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  At 
lanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days 
at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  but 
sixteen  years  old  when  enlisted,  but  served  like  a  man  to  the  last. 

L.  C.  BAINE,  Barren  County,  was  enlisted  at  fourteen  years  of  age; 
fought  at  Vicksburg;  was  sick  when  the  regiment  left  Tangipahoa 
for  Baton  Rouge,  but  started  on  in  a  day  or  two  to  rejoin  the 
company;  fell  in  with  some  Louisiana  troops,  and  served  with 
them  till  November,  when  he  came  back  to  the  Sixth  Kentucky, 
and  though  generally  disabled  by  disease,  he  fought  at  Rocky 
Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  and 
at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks. 

J.  H.  COOPER,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Baton  Rouge,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas ;  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  and  permanently  dis 
abled,  May  28,  1864. 

J.  O.  COOPER,  Barren  County,  was  killed  at  Shiloh,  April  7,  1862. 

O.  CONELLY,  Ireland,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Vicksburg;  was  dis 
charged,  Nov.  10,  1863,  being  over  age. 

W.  H.  COX,  Barren  County,  died  of  disease,  Sept.  7,  1862. 

W.  FRANK  DICKEY,  Barren  County,  was  elected  second  lieuten 
ant,  October,  1863;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas  ;  from  Dallas 
to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both 
days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

JOHN  H.  EARLES,  Adair  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga;  was  severely  wounded 
at  the  latter  place,  and  disabled  for  further  duty  in  the  ranks,  and 
was  afterward  detailed  as  teamster  for  supply  train. 

OTHO  EASTES,  Adair  County,  was  discharged,  Nov.  10,  1862, 
being  under  age. 

D.  W.  ELLIS,  Barren  County,  was  appointed  fifth  sergeant,  Jan.  8, 
1862  ;  fought  at  Shiloh. 

T.  C.  GRISSOM,  Adair  County,  died  of  disease  in  Atlanta,  March 

12,    l862. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN   BRIGADE.  763 

ROBERT  J.  HINDMAN,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Baton  Rouge, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas; 
was  permanently  disabled  at  the  latter  place  by  the  loss  of  a  leg, 
iMay  28,  1864. 

DANIEL  M.  HEWITT,  Boone  County,  was  appointed  corporal, 
Nov.  3,  1862  ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Rocky 
Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas  ;  was  disabled  by  disease  for  fur 
ther  duty  during  the  war. 

THOMAS  H.  HATCHER,  Barren  County,  was  appointed  corporal, 
Nov.  3,  1862  ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  where  he  was  wounded,  April  7, 
1862  ;  at  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  In- 
trenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in 
the  mounted  engagements. 

WM.  A.  HATCHER,  Barren  County,  was  appointed  fifth  sergeant, 
Nov.  3,  1862  ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was  dangerously  wounded, 
April  7,  1862;  at  Stone  River  and  Jackson.  Died  of  disease  at 
La  Grange,  Ga.,  April  17,  1864. 

W.  H.  HAMILTON,  Barren  County,  was  transferred  to  Graves's 
Battery,  Nov.  27,  1861. 

J.  A.  HIGDON,  Barren  County,  was  transferred  to  Co.  D,  Nov.  10, 
1861. 

W.  W.  KIGER,  Monroe  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and 
Baton  Rouge.  Died  of  disease  at  Tullahoma,  Tenn.,  March, 
1863. 

W.  B.  KIDD,  Barren  County,  died  of  disease  at  Bowling  Green,  Dec. 
12,  1861. 

P.  J.  KIRTLEY,  Edmondson  County,  was  appointed  third  sergeant, 
Jan.  2,  1862,  and  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  Oct.  24,  1862; 
fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta  ;  at 
Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks  ;  was  severely  wounded  at 
the  latter  place,  July  22,  1864,  and  disabled  for  the  remainder  of 
the  war. 

J.  BEVERLY  LEWIS,  Barren  County,  was  appointed  first  sergeant, 
May  10,  1862;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and  Stone  River; 
was  severely  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  Jan.  2,  1863,  in  left 
hand  and  right  leg,  and  disabled  for  further  active  field  duty,  and 
fell  into  the  hands  of  the  enemy.  After  the  exchange,  he  was 
detailed  for  duty  in  the  commissary  department,  and  was  engaged 
in  that  service  during  the  remainder  of  the  war.  He  was  awarded 
medal  of  honor  for  "gallant  and  meritorious  conduct"  at  Stone 
River.  He  was  accidentally  drowned  some  years  after  the  war. 

S.  H.  LEWIS,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and 
Stone  River  ;  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  Jan.  2,  1863. 

ROBT.  G.  LONG,  Monroe  County,  was  discharged  on  account  of 
disability  by  disease,  July,  1862. 


764  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

LEVI  LANCASTER,  Monroe  County,  fought  at  Stone  River,  Jack 
son,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas; 
from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks; 
was  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  but  recovered  and  took  part  in 
the  mounted  engagements  in  South  Carolina. 

W.  J.  LYON,  Barren  County,  died  of  disease  at  Decatur,  Ala.,  March 
18,  1862. 

J.  E.  LIVELY,  Hart  County,  discharged  on  account  of  disability  by 
disease,  Nov.  25,  1862. 

ISAAC  H.  MARTIN,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Stone 
River;  was  disabled  by  disease  for  any  further  service  during  the 
war. 

WM.  S.  MARTIN,  Barren  County,  was  appointed  corporal,  Nov.  3, 
1862;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas; 
from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy 
Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engage 
ments. 

A.  H.  MARSHALL,  Greene  County,  fought  with  Graves's  Battery  at 
Donelson,  and  was  captured  there;  rejoined  his  company  in  Sep 
tember,  1862,  and  fought  at  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta; 
at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks ;  was  wounded  at  the  latter 
place,  but  recovered  and  took  part  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

L.  F.  MANSFIELD,  Hart  County,  fought  at  Shiloh. 

F.  D.  NUCKOLS,  Barren  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Baton 
Rouge,  Aug.  5,  1862. 

JOHN  NAIRY,  Ireland,  was  employed  as  teamster  till  Sept.  i,  1864; 
afterward  entered  the  ranks  and  took  part  in  all  the  mounted  en 
gagements. 

WM.  HENRY  OWEN,  Barren  County,  was  appointed  corporal,  Nov. 
3,  1862;  fought  at  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky 
Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at 
Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jones 
boro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  He  carried  the  regimen 
tal  colors  at  Intrenchment  Creek,  Utoy  Creek,  and  Jonesboro'. 

R.  ACH  OWEN,  Barren  County,  was  another  boy  soldier ;  and 
fought  at  Shiloh,  where  he  was  wounded,  April  7,  1862  ;  at  Vicks 
burg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky 
Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  and 
at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks ;  was  wounded  at  the  lat 
ter  place,  but  recovered  and  took  part  in  the  mounted  engage 
ments.  He  was  awarded  medal  of  honor  for  gallant  and  merito 
rious  conduct  at  Chickamauga. 

E.  L.  OWEN,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from 
Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Jonesboro',  both  days,  and  in  all  the  mounted 
engagements. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  765 

J.  M.  OWEN,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh;  was  discharged  on 
account  of  disability  by  disease,  November,  1862. 

R.  F.  PARKER,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and 
Stone  River;  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place;  fought  at  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree, 
Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in 
the  mounted  engagements. 

HUGH  PARKER,  Edmonson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
and  Baton  Rouge. 

P.  T.  POYNTER,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  and  Stone  River;  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  and 
permanently  disabled  for  duty  in  the  ranks.  During  the  campaign 
of  1864,  he  was  engaged  in  light  fatigue  duty  for  the  regiment. 

D.  F.  PACE,  Barren  County,  was  discharged  on  account  of  disability 
by  disease,  Jan.  18,  1862. 

J.  B.  PULLIAM,  Barren  County,  was  appointed  third  sergeant,  Jan 
uary,  1864;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas 
to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  and 
was  killed  in  battle  at  Jonesboro',  Aug.  31,  1864. 

J.  PATTERSON,  Adair  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  where  he  was  cap 
tured,  April  7,'  and  died  in  prison  at  Camp  Douglas,  June,  1862. 

JAKE  M.  PITTMAN,  Bullitt  County,  was  generally  employed  as 
regimental  blacksmith,  but  fought  at  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face 
Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  was  badly  wounded  at  the  latter 
place ;  recovered  and  took  part  in  all  the  mounted  engagements. 

ISAAC  WES.  SMITH,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Baton  Rouge  and 
Stone  River ;  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place  and  permanently 
disabled  for  duty  in  the  ranks,  but  served  on  fatigue  detail  during 
the  campaign  from  Dalton,  and  with  the  dismounted  detachment 
during  the  cavalry  operations.  Died  in  Barren  County,  Oct.  28, 
1894. 

JAMES  A.  SMITH,  Barren  County,  was  appointed  second  sergeant, 
March  10,  1863;  fought  at  Baton  Rouge,  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta; 
at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  at  Jonesboro', 
where  he  was  badly  wounded  in  the  face,  and  permanently  dis 
abled  by  wound  in  the  right  wrist,  Aug.  31,  1864. 

W.  B.  SMITH,  Barren  County,  was  transferred  from  Co.  D,  Feb.  25, 
1862;  was  appointed  color-sergeant,  June  7,  1862;  fought  at 
Shiloh  and  Baton  Rouge. 

W.  A.  SMITH,  Milton  County,  Ga.,  was  not  enlisted  till  May  4, 
1864  j  fought  at  Resaca  and  Dallas,  but  was  disabled  by  disease  for 
further  service  during  the  war. 

K.  C.  SELF,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River, 
was  wounded  and  permanently  disabled  at  the  latter  place ;  and 
died  of  disease  at  La  Grange,  Ga.,  June  16,  1864. 


766  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

MILTON  B.  STOTTS,  Adair  County,  was  appointed  second  ser 
geant,  Nov.  3,  1862;  was  promoted  to  first  sergeant, 
Jan.  5,  1864;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and  Stone 
River,  was  severely  wounded  and  captured  at  the  latter  place ; 
after  having  been  exchanged,  he  fought  at  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta; 
at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at 
Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

W.  H.  SINK,  Barren  County,  was  transferred  from  Co.  E,  May  i, 
1862,  and  fought  at  Baton  Rouge. 

W.  J.  SELF,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Baton  Rouge,  Jackson,  Chick 
amauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to 
Atlanta;  at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks  ;  and  at  the  latter 
place  was  wounded  and  captured. 

HENSE  G.  TRACY,  Barren  County,  was  transferred  from  Co.  E, 
May  i,  1862.  Fought  at  Stone  River,  where  he  was  severely 
wounded  and  captured  ;  had  leg  amputated,  Jan.  7,  1863,  fivedays 
after  having  received  the  wound,  and  died  next  day  at  Nat  Mil 
ler's,  on  the  Nashville  and  Murfreesboro'  pike. 

T.  M.  WOOTEN,  Adair  County,  fought  at  Shiloh ;  was  discharged  on 
account  of  disability  by  disease,  July  6,  1862. 


COMPANY  D,   SIXTH  REGIMENT. 

D.  E.  McKENDREE,  Glasgow.      (See  biography.) 
WILLIAM  L.  CLARKE,  Louisville.     (See  biography.) 

A.  M.  ADAIR,  Campbellsville,  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  Nov. 
19,  1861  ;  fought  at  Shiloh;  resigned,  May  2,  1862.  Died  at 
Col.  John  A.  Adair's,  Canmer,  Ky.,  March  22,  1892. 

THOMAS  L.  DODD,  Glasgow,  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  Nov. 
19,  1861  ;  resigned,  May  10,  1862,  being  unfitted  by  ill  health 
for  duty  in  the  line  (and  was  by  the  same  cause  prevented  from 
taking  part  in  the  battle  of  Shiloh) ;  but  afterward  served  as  lieu 
tenant  of  artillery,  captain  of  cavalry,  etc.,  until  disabled  by 
wound,  after  which  he  commanded  at  Covington  and  Atlanta. 

JAMES  M.  BOWLING,  Metcalfe  County,  was  elected  second  lieu 
tenant,  May  2,  1862  ;  elected  first  lieutenant,  at  reorganization, 
May  10,  1862;  and  was  promoted  to  captain.  June  12,  1864. 
Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Jackson,  Chick 
amauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to 
Atlanta;  and  at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks;  was  killed 
at  the  latter  place,  July  22,  1864. 

JAMES  SCOTT,  Barren  County,  was  appointed  first  sergeant,  Nov. 
19,  1861  ;  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  May  10,  1862.  Was  at 
first  siege  of  Vicksburg,  and  resigned,  Oct.  18,  1862. 

HENDERSON  J.  STREET,  Hart  County,  was  appointed  fourth  ser 
geant,  Nov.  19,  1861 ;  was  elected  second  lieutenant  May  10, 
1862  ;  promoted  to  first  lieutenant,  June  12,  and  to  captain,  July 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  767 

22,  1864.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree  Creek;  at  Intrench- 
ment  Creek,  where  he  was  slightly  wounded ;  and  in  all  the 
mounted  engagements. 

ALEC  G.  KING,  Barren  County,  was  appointed  second  sergeant, 
Nov.  19,  1 86 1  ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  and 
Stone  River  ;  was  permanently  disabled  by  the  loss  of  a  leg,  Dec. 
31,  1862,  and  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  enemy  shortly  afterward. 

WILLIAM  F.  SMITH,  Glasgow,  was  appointed  third  sergeant,  Nov. 
19,  1 86 1  ;  was  detailed,  Dec.  12,  1861,  for  scout  duty  with  the 
First  Kentucky  Cavalry  ;  did  various  service  with  that  command 
till  the  spring  of  1863  ;  at  which  time  he  returned  to  this  company 
and  fought  with  it  at  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree  and 
Utoy  Creeks  ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro'.  During  the  cavalry  op 
erations  he  was  with  dismounted  men. 

JAMES  B.  RAY,  Barren  County,  was  appointed  third  sergeant,  Oct. 
24,  1863.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and 
Utoy  Creeks,  and  both  days  at  Jonesboro'.  He  was  captured, 
November,  1864,  while  on  furlough,  and  died  of  small-pox  at 
Camp  Douglas. 

WILLIAM  H.  NUCKOLS,  Glasgow,  a  sergeant,  was  generally  em 
ployed  in  detail  service,  but  fought  at  Jonesboro',  at  which  place 
he  was  captured,  and  did  not  return  in  time  for  further  service. 

THOMAS  POLLARD,  Glasgow,  was  appointed  third  corporal, Nov. 
19,  1 86 1.  Was  discharged  on  account  of  disability  by  disease, 
July  20,  1862. 

THOMAS  J.  BAILEY,  Greensburg,  was  appointed  fourth  corporal, 
November  19,  1861  ;  was  promoted  to  sergeant,  1863.  Fought 
at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas  ;  from  Dallas 
to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both 
days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  all  the  mounted  engagements. 

CALEB  W.  ALLEN,  Burksville,  fought  at  Shiloh;  during  the  first 
siege  at  Vicksburg ;  he  was  transferred  to  the  navy,  and  fought 
heroically  on  the  ram  "Arkansas,"  July  22,  1862,  as  noticed  else 
where.  He  returned  to  the  Sixth  Regiment  in  the  autumn,  and 
fought  at  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga.  He  was 
taken  prisoner  on  the  retreat  from  Mission  Ridge,  Nov.  26,  1863, 
and  died  of  disease  at  Rock  Island,  111. 

WILLIAM  H.  ARNOLD,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicks 
burg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky 
Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at 
Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  and  during  the  cav 
alry  operations  he  was  with  the  dismounted  detachment. 


768  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

JOHN  H.  B.  ADAMS,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Baton  Rouge,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from 
Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks; 
was  wounded  in  battle  at  Jonesboro',  Aug.  31,  1864,  ar>d  did  not 
recover  for  further  service  during  the  war.  He  was  promoted  to 
color-sergeant  after  the  battle  of  Stone  River  for  gallantry  on  that 
field. 

TOM  BOWLES,  Barren  County.     (See  Co.  G.) 

W.  J.  BENNETT,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh.  Died  of  disease 
at  Columbus,  Miss.,  1862. 

DAVID  BRANDENBURG,  Mercer  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicks- 
burg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,,  Chickamauga,  Rocky 
Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at 
Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jones 
boro',  and  in  all  the  cavalry  engagements. 

S.  A.  BEAMER,  Hart  County,  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Rocky  Face 
Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  was  usually  employed  in  detail 
service. 

THOMAS  A.  BELL,  SR.,  Greene  County,  fought  at  Baton  Rouge 
and  Stone  River;  was  wounded  and  captured  at  the  latter  place; 
after  having  been  exchanged  he  was  sometimes  on  detail  duty, 
but  for  the  most  part  was  disabled  by  disease  for  any  active  field 
service. 

THOMAS  A.  BELL,  JR.,  Greene  County,  fought  at  Stone  River  and 
Chickamauga.  He  was  wounded  at  Stone  River,  and  is  sup 
posed  to  have  been  killed  by  a  railroad  accident  in  Georgia,  in 
1864. 

JAMES  BELL,  Greene  County,  fought  at  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Re 
saca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrench 
ment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  was  wounded  at  Intrenchment  Creek, 
July  22,  1864;  fought  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  en 
gagements. 

FOUNTAIN  C.  CARTER,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicks 
burg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at 
Peachtree,  Intrenchment.  and  Utoy  Creeks  ;  both  days  at  Jones 
boro',  and  in  all  the  mounted  engagements. 

A.  B.  COLLINS,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  ;  died  of  disease  at 
Columbus,  Miss.,  1862. 

H.  S.  COLLINS,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga ;  and  was  captured  on  the  re 
treat  from  Mission  Ridge,  November,  1863. 

N.  CRUMPTON,  Barren  County,  was  mortally  wounded  in  battle  at 
Shiloh,  and  died  April  13,  1862. 

LUTHER  P.  CHAUDOIN,  Greene  County,  fought  at  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  was 
severely  wounded  at  Dallas,  and  disabled  for  further  duty  during 
the  war. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  769 

CHARLES  J.  CLARKE,  Louisville,  fought  at  Shiloh ;  was  dis 
charged  on  account  of  disability  by  disease,  November,  1862. 

WILLIAM  DICKINSON,  Glasgow,  was  enlisted  at  sixteen  years  of 
age,  but  refused  to  accept  a  discharge,  November,  1862,  when 
tendered  to  all  under  eighteen,  and  reenlisted.  Was  appointed 
corporal,  November,  1862 ;  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
February,  1863.  Fought  at  Vicksburg,  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from 
Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks, 
and  both  days  at  Jonesboro'.  Obtained  a  furlough  in  October, 
1864,  and  returned  to  Kentucky,  where  he  recruited  a  company 
for  the  regiment,  but  did  not  succeed  in  rejoining  the  army  before 
the  surrender. 

J.  F.  DAVIDSON,  Barren  County,  was  wounded  in  battle  at  Stone 
River,  Jan.  2,  1863,  and  captured.  Died  in  prison  at  Nashville 
some  time  during  that  year. 

WILLIAM  H.  ESTES,  Greene  County,  fought  at  Baton  Rouge, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment, 
and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  all  the  cavalry 
engagements.  He  was  wounded  at  Chickamauga,  Sept.  20,  1863. 

DAVID  EDWARDS,  Edmonson  County,  was  wounded  in  battle  at 
Shiloh  ;  fought  also  at  Vicksburg  and  Baton  Rouge. 

HAL  B.  GARVIN,  Hart  County,  was  appointed  first  sergeant,  1862. 
Fought  at  Vicksburg  and  Baton  Rouge ;  was  slightly  wounded 
at  the  latter  place ;  fought  at  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky 
Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas  ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peach- 
tree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks  ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro', 
and  in  the  cavalry  engagements  up  to  March,  1864,  when  he  was 
sent  into  Kentucky  to  recruit,  and  had  not  time  to  return  before 
the  army  was  surrendered. 

THOMAS  GALLOWAY,  Barren  County,  was  transferred  to  Co.  F, 
January,  1862,  and  died  at  Decatur,  Ala.,  some  months  after 
ward. 

WILLIAM  S.  GILL,  Barren  County,  was  appointed  corporal,  Oct. 
25,  1863.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone 
River  ;  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place  ;  fought  at  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas  ;  from  Dal 
las  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ; 
both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

WILLIAM  H.  GILLOCK,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga, 
Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  Dallas,  Jonesboro',  and  in  some  of  the 
mounted  engagements. 

F.  G.  R.  GILLOCK,  Barren  County,  was  appointed  corporal,  Sept. 
i,  1862.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and  Baton  Rouge.  Was 
discharged  in  November,  1862,  being  under  age. 

JAMES  GIBSON,  Barren  County,  was  discharged  on  account  of  dis 
ability  by  disease,  1861. 

49 


770  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

GEORGE  F.  GIBSON,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and 
Utoy  Creeks;  was  mortally  wounded  in  a  skirmish,  Aug.  15, 
1864,  and  died  shortly  afterward.  At  Shiloh,  April  7,  1862,  he 
was  wounded  and  captured. 

TOM  C.  HELM,  Glasgow,  was  enlisted  at  sixteen  years  of  age,  but 
refused  to  accept  the  discharge  offered  to  all  under  eighteen,  and 
reenlisted  at  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  service.  Fought  at 
Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ; 
at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks;  was  wounded  at  the  lat 
ter  place,  July  22,  1864,  but  recovered  and  took  part  in  the 
mounted  engagements. 

RUFUS  HELM,  Russell  County,  was  wounded  in  battle  at  Shiloh, 
and  permanently  disabled,  by  loss  of  an  arm,  and  was  discharged. 

L.  V.  HENDRICKSON,  Barren  County,  was  severely  wounded  and 
captured  in  battle  at  Shiloh,  April  7,  1862;  fought,  after  having 
been  exchanged,  at  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas  ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment, 
and  Utoy  Creeks;  was  wounded  in  battle  at  Jonesboro',  Aug. 
31,  1864,  but  recovered  and  took  part  in  the  mounted  engage 
ments.  . 

JOSHUA  HUCKABY,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree 
and  Intrenchment  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the 
mounted  engagements.  He  was  wounded  at  Dallas  and  at  In 
trenchment  Creek. 

J.  HIGDON,  Barren  County,  was  discharged  on  account  of  disability 
by  disease,  November,  1862. 

WILLIAM  H.  HAZELWOOD,  Greene  County,  was  generally  em 
ployed  as  teamster,  but  fought  at  Chickamauga,  and  in  all  the 
mounted  engagements. 

E.  S.  JONES,  Barren  County,  was  appointed  corporal  in  February, 
1863.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ; 
was  mortally  wounded  at  Dallas,  May  28,  1864,  and  died  next 
day. 

DAVID  JONES,  Barren  County,  died  at  Burnsville,  Miss.,  of  dis 
ease,  April  i,  1862. 

B.  F.  JACKSON,  Barren  County,  served  throughout  as  teamster. 

ELIJAH  KINCHLOE,  Barren  County,  was  wounded  in  battle  at 
Shiloh ;  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jack 
son,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from 
Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks;  was 
wounded  at  the  latter  place,  and  disabled  for  further  service  dur 
ing  the  war. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  771 

AARON  KINSLOW,  Barren  County,  died  of  disease  at  Bowling 
Green,  1861. 

HENRY  LAYMAN,  Edmonson  County,  was  mortally  wounded  in 
battle  at  Shiloh,  and  captured.  Died  in  prison  at  St.  Louis,  Mo., 
1862. 

J.  N.  McKENDREE,  Glasgow,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  was 
wounded  at  the  latter  place,  and  after  his  recovery  he  served  dur 
ing  the  remainder  of  the  war  with  the  medical  purveyor  of  de 
partment. 

ZACH  T.  MAYFIELD,  Munfordville,  was  appointed  sergeant,  May 
10,  1862.  Fought  at  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  and  Jackson. 
He  was  wounded  at  Stone  River.  Died  of  disease  near  Demop- 
olis,  Ala.,  October,  1863. 

ISAAC  McCULLOUGH,  Hart  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
and  Baton  Rouge. 

PRY  MURPHY,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and 
Baton  Rouge. 

GEO.  MARTIN,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Vicksburg; 
was  wounded  at  the  former  place. 

SAM  MARTIN,  Allen  County,  was  discharged  on  account  of  dis 
ability  by  disease,  February,  1863. 

WILLIAM  L.  MUDD,  Greene  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree, 
Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in 
the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  wounded  at  Stone  River, 
and  fell  in  the  hands  of  the  enemy. 

MARION  MUDD,  Greene  County,  died  of  disease  at  Bowling 
Green,  1861. 

M.  S.  MATTHEWS,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Chickamauga,  Rocky 
Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at 
Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jones 
boro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  wounded  at 
Chickamauga. 

J.  M.  MEDLEY,  Barren  County,  fought  with  Graves's  light  artillery 
at  Donelson,  and  was  captured  there;  rejoined  Co.  D  in  October, 
1862,  and  fought  at  Stone  River  and  Jackson. 

JAMES  O.  NORVELL,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh.  Died  of 
disease  at  Columbus,  Miss.,  1862. 

E.  M.  NORVELL,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and 
Baton  Rouge.  Died  of  disease  at  Montgomery,  Ala.,  1862. 

DUFF  W.  NEAL,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and 
Baton  Rouge ;  was  dangerously  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  and 
disabled  for  further  service  during  the  war.  He  was  discharged, 
Oct.  7,  1862. 


772  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

JOHN  C.  PEDEN,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh. 
GEO.  PEDEN,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh. 

JOSEPH  RAY,  Barren  County,  was  appointed  corporal,  March  if 
1864.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas; 
from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy 
Creeks ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro';  and  after  the  command  was 
mounted  he  served  as  scout  until  December,  1864,  when  he  re- 
entered  the  ranks  and  took  part  in  the  subsequent  engagements. 

H.  H.  SMITH,  Greene  County,  was  appointed  corporal,  Feb.  i,  1864; 
fought  at  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Rocky  Face  Ridge, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  In 
trenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in 
the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  wounded  at  Jonesboro', 
Sept.  i,  1864. 

JOHN  G.  SMITH,  Greene  County,  fought  at  Shiloh;  was  discharged 
on  account  of  disability  by  disease,  at  Corinth,  May  20,  1862. 

JOSEPH  STREET,  Hart  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh,  April 
7,  1862. 

ROBERT  N.  SANDERS,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  ;  died  of 
disease  at  Jackson,  Miss.,  Oct.  i,  1862. 

HENRY  SIMMS,  Hart  County,  was  wounded  in  battle  at  Shiloh,  and 
captured  ;  was  discharged  on  account  of  disability  by  wound,  Jan 
uary,  1863. 

JAMES  P.  TOLLE,  Barren  County,  was  appointed  chief  musician, 
Feb.  18,  1862,  and  retained  that  position  throughout  the  war; 
fought  at  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas  ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree  and 
Intrenchment  Creeks;  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  July  22, 
1864.  After  having  recovered,  he  was  mostly  engaged  in  detail 
service,  but  participated  in  some  mounted  engagements  in  South 
Carolina. 

ROBERT  TINNELL,  Barren  County,  was  almost  constantly  disabled 
for  service  by  disease,  and  died,  September,  1864. 

ED  UNDERWOOD,  Greene  County,  fought  at  Shiloh ;  died  of  dis 
ease  at  Corinth,  Miss.,  1862. 

ELIAS  UNDERWOOD,  Greene  County,  fought  at  Shiloh ;  died  of 
disease  at  Montgomery,  Ala.,  1862. 

JAMES  B.  WINN,  Glasgow,  fought  at  Shiloh,  where  he  was  wounded 
and  captured,  April  7,  1862;  after  having  been  exchanged,  he 
fought  at  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  In 
trenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  and  both  days  at  Jonesboro';  was 
captured  at  the  latter  place,  and  was  not  exchanged  in  time  to 
take  part  in  the  subsequent  engagements. 

A.  WILKINSON,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh;  died  of  disease 
at  Montgomery,  Ala.,  1862. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  773 

SMITH  E.  WINN,  Glasgow,  was  on  the  field  at  Shiloh  and  under 
fire  both  days,  carrying  orders  and  messages  between  Gen.  Har- 
dee  and  his  medical  director ;  was  appointed  second  sergeant, 
September,  1862;  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from 
Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks, 
and  at  Jonesboro';  was  wounded  at  Jonesboro',  Aug.  31,  1864. 
After  the  command  was  mounted,  he  engaged  in  scouting  till 
Dec.  17,  1864,  when  he  rejoined  the  company  and  took  part  in 
the  subsequent  engagements. 

E.  M.  WOODSON,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face 
Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta  ;  at  Peach- 
tree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks  ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro', 
and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

JESSE  WHELOCK,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
and  Baton  Rouge. 

ROBERT  YOUNG,  Greene  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  was  killed  at  the  latter 
place,  May  27,  1864. 

A  Night  Attack. — The  following  noteworthy  incident  was  overlooked,  and 
so  failed  of  insertion  in  the  proper  place  preceding  these  accounts  of  companies : 
While  the  brigade  was  encamped  on  Mission  Ridge  (November,  1863),  a  strong 
detail  from  Co.  D,  Sixth  Kentucky,  or,  in  fact,  about  all  the  serviceable  men  the 
company  could  then  muster,  was  sent  one  night  down  into  the  valley  above 
Chattanooga  to  a  picket  station,  and  about  midnight  they  were  ordered  forward 
to  discover  whether  (as  had  been  rumored  at  army  headquarters)  the  Federals 
were  about  to  evacuate  the  city.  They  moved  promptly  but  cautiously  forward, 
and  soon  came  in  contact  with  the  Federal  pickets.  Opening  fire  on  these  they 
drove  them  in  ;  but  the  suddenness  with  which  they  were  greeted  by  a  rifle  vol 
ley,  and,  by  a  battery  which  began  throwing  shells  inconveniently  near,  con 
vinced  them  that  the  enemy  was  still  in  position  between  them  and  Chattanooga, 
and  they  retired.  There  was  great  commotion  for  a  few  minutes,  but  fortunately 
none  of  the  Kentuckians  were  hurt.  The  men  of  Co.  D  engaged  in  this  affair 
were:  Capt.  D.  E.  McKendree,  Lieut.  J.  Matt  Bowling,  Lieut.  Henderson  J. 
Street,  Lieut.  Wm.  Dickinson,  Caleb  W.  Allen,  Wm.  II.  Arnold,  John  II.  B. 
Adams,  David  Brandenburg,  Thomas  J.  Bailey,  Thos.  A.  Bell,  Jr.,  Fount  C. 
Carter,  II.  Scott  Collins,  Luther  P.  Chaudoin,  Wm.  II.  Estes,  Hal  B.  Garvin, 
Wm.  S.  Gill,  Wm.  H.  Gillock,  George  T.  Gibson,  Thomas  C.  Helm,  L.  V. 
Hendrickson,  Joshua  Huckaby,  Wm.  H.  Hazlewood,  E.  S.  Jones,  Elijah  Kinch- 
loe,  Wm.  L.  Mudd,  James  B.  Ray,  Joseph  Ray,  H.  H.  Smith,  James  P.  Tolle, 
James  B.  Winn,  Smith  E.  Winn,  E.  M.  Woodson,  and  Robert  Young. 


COMPANY  E.  SIXTH  REGIMENT. 

D.  P.  BARCLAY,  Rocky  Hill,  was  elected  captain,  Nov.  19,  1861  ; 
died  of  disease  at  Bowling  Green,  Jan.  8,  1862. 

JOHN  G.  HUDSON,  Rocky  Hill,  was  elected  first  lieutenant,  Nov. 
19,  1861 ;  was  elected  captain,  Jan.  10,  1862  ;  fought  at  Hutch- 
erson's  and  at  Shiloh ;  was  slightly  wounded  at  Shiloh,  and  re 
signed,  May  10,  1862. 

THOMAS  J.  MATTHEWS,  Rocky  Hill,  was  elected  second  lieuten 
ant,  Nov.  19,  1861  ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  resigned,  July  10,  1862. 


774  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

THOMAS  G.  PAGE,  Barren  County,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
Nov.  19,  1861 ;  elected  first  lieutenant,  Jan.  10,  1862;  elected 
captain,  May  10,  1862;  fought  at  Hutcherson's,  Shiloh,  Vicks- 
burg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky 
Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at 
Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks  ;  both  days  at  Jones- 
boro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  wounded  at 
Stone  River,  Jan.  2,  1863. 

JAMES  B.  HOLMAN,  Rocky  Hill,  was  appointed  first  sergeant, 
Nov.  19,  1861 ;  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  Jan.  10,  1862; 
reflected  second  lieutenant,  at  reorganization  of  the  regiment, 
May  10,  1862;  and  was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant,  Feb.  19, 
1864;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dal 
las;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and 
Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  en 
gagements.  He  was  wounded  at  Stone  River,  on  the  evening  of 
Dec.  29,  1862. 

M.  D.  L.  WIN.N,  Barren  County,  was  appointed  second  sergeant, 
Nov.  19,  1861,  and  first  sergeant,  May  10,  1862;  fought  at  Shi 
loh,  Vicksburg,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta,  and  at 
Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks  ;  was  badly  wounded  at  the 
latter  place,  and  disabled  for  further  service  during  the  war. 

SANDY  T.  EDWARDS,  Edmonson  County,  was  appointed  third 
sergeant,  Nov.  19,  1861;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and 
Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro';  and  during  the  cavalry 
operations  was  with  the  dismounted  detachment. 

GEORGE  W.  YOUNG,  Barren  County,  was  appointed  fourth  ser 
geant,  Nov.  19,  1 86 1,  and  fought  at  Shiloh. 

A.  SINKS,  Prussia,  was  appointed  fifth  sergeant,  Nov.  19,  1861. 

DAN  ATKINSON,  Barren  County,  was  appointed  first  corporal, 
Nov.  19,  1 86 1  ;  fought  at  Shiloh. 

BERRY  MITCHELL,  Barren  County,  was  appointed  second  cor 
poral,  Nov.  19,  1861  ;  fought  at  Shiloh. 

WM.  MARTIN,  Barren  County,  was  appointed  third  corporal,  Nov. 
19,  1861 ;  fought  at  Shiloh;  died  of  disease,  June,  1862. 

ASA  LEWIS,  Barren  County,  was  appointed  fourth  corporal,  Nov. 
19,  1861;  fought  at  Shiloh,  where  he  displayed  more  than  ordi 
nary  gallantry  ;  also  at  Vicksburg  and  Baton  Rouge.  He  was 
killed  at  Stone  River,  Dec.  26,  1862. 

SAM  ANDERSON,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Hutcherson's,  Shiloh, 
Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta; 
at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  both  days  at 
Jonesboro'.  When  the  command  was  mounted,  he  was  detailed 
for  duty  in  the  saddle  shop,  and  served  there  during  the  remainder 
of  the  war.  Died  at  home  some  years  after  the  war. 


HISTORY  OK  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  775 

WM.  H.  ANDERSON,  Barren  County,  fought  with  Co.  H,  Third 
Arkansas  Infantry,  during  the  first  two  years  of  the  war;  was 
transferred  to  the  Sixth  Kentucky  Regiment,  Jan.  13,  1863,  and 
fought  with  it  at  Jackson  and  Chickamauga;  was  placed  on  the 
corps  of  sharpshooters  at  Ualton,  and  fought  at  Rocky  Face 
Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  was  engaged  almost  daily  from  Dallas 
to  Atlanta;  fought  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks; 
both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  Died 
near  Glasgow,  in  the  spring  of  1889. 

THEODORE  ALCOCK,  Glasgow,  was  appointed  corporal,  Sept.  i, 
1862  ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chick 
amauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to 
Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both 
days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  During 
the  autumn  of  1864,  he  met  with  a  railroad  accident,  by  which 
he  lost  some  teeth,  and  was  otherwise  severely  wounded.  Died 
in  Nashville,  Tenn.,  about  thirty  years  after  the  war. 

LOT  BRADSHAW,  Roseville,  fought  at  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Rocky 
Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  at  Jonesboro',  Aug.  31,  1864, 
where  he  was  severely  wounded  and  died  of  wound  and  disease, 
at  Macon,  Ga. ,  the  following  November. 

MIKE  BOWMAN,  Tennessee,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga. 

SAM  BORDERS,  Roseville,  fought  with  the  Seventeenth  Tennessee 
Infantry  during  the  first  eighteen  months  of  the  war;  was  trans 
ferred  to  the  Sixth  Kentucky,  November,  1863,  and  fought  with 
it  at  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  was  killed  by  a 
cannon  shot  at  the  latter  place,  May  28,  1864. 

JOSEPH  W.  BUTLER,  Rocky  Hill,  fought  at  Shiloh. 

JOHN  BUTTON,  Rocky  Hill,  was  enlisted  at  about  fourteen  years 
of  age,  but  refused  to  be  discharged,  and  served  with  all  the 
courage  and  fortitude  of  a  man.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  and  Stone  River ;  was  killed  at  the  latter  place, 
Jan.  2,  1863. 

J.  B.  BENEDICT,  Rocky  Hill,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Vicksburg. 

JOHN  BURGESS,  Roseville,  fought  at  Shiloh.  Was  discharged  on 
account  of  disability  by  disease,  Sept.  20,  1862. 

JOSIAH  CHAMBERS,  Roseville,  was  discharged  on  account  of  dis 
ability  by  disease,  July,  1862. 

S.  G.  CHAMBERS,  Roseville,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and 
Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  en 
gagements. 

JAMES  L.  CARVER,  Rocky  Hill,  fought  at  Shiloh;  was  left  sick  at 
hospital  near  Amite  River,  La.,  August,  1862. 

JOHN  CARVER,  Pageville,  died  of  disease  at  Bowling  Green,  Jan 
uary,  1862. 


776  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

AMBROSE  CLAYTON,  Glasgow,  was  at  first  siege  of  Vicksburg; 
and  was  discharged,  November,  1862,  being  under  age. 

M.  N.  GRAIN,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  with  Co.  F;  was 
transferred  to  Co.  E,  April  26,  1862;  fought  at  Vicksburg  and 
Baton  Rouge  ;  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place  ;  was  discharged, 
November,  1862,  being  under  age;  was  captured  at  the  house  of 
his  father  (Rev.  Eli  B.  Grain)  shortly  afterward,  but  manfully  re 
fused  to  take  the  oath,  and  was  sent  South  to  be  exchanged  ; 
joined  Morgan's  cavalry,  and  was  killed  in  East  Tennessee,  in 
the  autumn  of  1864,  by  bushwhackers. 

FRANK  M.  DRISCOLL,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicks 
burg,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from 
Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and Utoy  Creeks; 
at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  He  was 
wounded  at  Jonesboro'. 

TUCKER  W.  DOCKERY,  Russellville,  was  disabled  by  disease  for 
duty  in  the  ranks,  and  was  employed  as  ambulance  driver  until 
September,  1864,  when  he  was  detailed  to  make  saddles  for  the 
brigade.  Died  in  Edmonson  County,  January,  1879 

FIELDING  W.  DAVIDSON,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Vicksburg 
and  Jackson;  was  generally  unfitted  by  disease  for  duty  in  the 
ranks,  and  died  in  Atlanta,  May,  1864. 

JESSE  W.  DURHAM,  Barren  County,  was  transferred  from  Co.  F, 
April  26,  1862.  Fought  at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone 
River,  Chickamauga,  and  in  some  of  the  mounted  engagements. 

GEO.  B.  DODD,  Allen  County,  fought  with  Co.  H,  Third  Arkansas 
Infantry,  during  the  first  two  years  of  the  war;  was  transferred  to 
the  Sixth  Kentucky,  Jan.  13,  1863,  and  fought  with  it  at  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  was  se 
verely  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  and  disabled  for  further  serv 
ice  during  the  war. 

JOHN  DRANE,  Barren  County,  enlisted  at  fourteen  years  of  age, 
and  was  the  ' '  drummer-boy  "  of  the  Sixth  Regiment  till  Novem 
ber,  1862,  when  he  was  discharged. 

JUDD  EMERSON,  Barren  County,  died  of  disease  at  Bowling 
Green,  December,  1861. 

JOHN  H.  ELMORE,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Vicks 
burg.  Died  in  Barren  County,  May,  1872. 

SETH  B.  ELMORE,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Vicks 
burg. 

WILLIAM  W.  FRANKLIN,  Barren  County,  was  transferred  from 
Co.  F,  April  26,  1862.  Was  appointed  corporal,  1862,  and  pro 
moted  to  sergeant,  1863.  Fought  at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge, 
Stone  River,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas;  was  wounded  and  permanently  disabled  at  the  latter 
place,  and  was  afterward  retired. 

H.  E.  FERGUSON,  Barren  County,  was  appointed  sergeant,  Feb 
ruary,  1862,  and  fought  at  Shiloh. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  777 

JAMES  GTLLOCK,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge, Resaca, 
and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment, 
and  Utoy  Cretks  ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  en 
gagements. 

HEZ  GILLOCK,  Barren  County,  was  enlisted  at  sixteen  years  of 
age,  but  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and  Baton  Rouge  with  all  the 
spirit  and  hardihood  of  a  man.  Was  discharged,  November, 
1862. 

THOMAS  J.  GRINSTEAD,  Warren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh, 
Vicksburg,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment, 
and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted 
engagements. 

ISAAC.  J.  GREEK,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh. 

A.  JEFF  HENDERSON,  Barren  County,  was  another  boy  sol 
dier,  but  hardy,  courageous,  and  faithful.  Fought  at  Shiloh, 
Vicksburg,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas  ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree  Creek,  where 
he  lost  a  finger,  July  20,  1864,  and  in  some  of  the  cavalry  en 
gagements. 

G.  MARSH  HUDSON,  Barren  County,  served  on  the  Infirmary 
Corps  at  Shiloh. 

J.  W.  HAINES,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Vicksburg. 
Was  disabled  by  disease  for  further  duty,  and  died  in  May,  1863. 

MARK  H.  JEWELL,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas  ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree, 
Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in 
the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  appointed  second  corporal, 
September,  1862. 

JERRY  S.  JORDAN,  Barren  County,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
May  6,  1864.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Stone  River,  Jack 
son,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  was 
badly  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  May  28,  1864,  but  rejoined 
the  company  in  August  and  fought  at  Jonesboro';  when  the  com 
mand  did  mounted  service  he  was  some  time  in  command  of  a 
mounted  patrol,  or  police,  and  took  part  in  the  engagements  in 
South  Carolina.  Died  at  Rocky  Hill  about  two  years  after  the 
war. 

CHARLES  M.  JOHNSON,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  with 
Co.  F,  and  was  transferred  to  Co.  E,  April  26,  1862.  Fought  at 
Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ; 
at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days  at 
Jonesboro',  and  in  all  the  cavalry  engagements.  He  was  wounded 
at  Shiloh  and  at  Stone  River. 


778  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

RICHARD  M.  JOHNSON,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  with 
Co.  F;  was  transferred  to  Co.  E,  April  26,  1862.  Fought  at 
Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta; 
at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks ;  was  killed  at  the  latter 
place,  July  22,  1864,  receiving  two  or  three  shots  in  quick  suc 
cession. 

BEN  MARR,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  In 
trenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  both  days  at  Jonesboro'. 

WILLIE  MARTIN,  Barren  County,  died  of  disease  at  Goodwin, 
Miss.,  June,  1862. 

NATHANIEL  MARTIN,  Barren  County,  died  of  disease  at  Good 
win,  Miss.,  June,  1862. 

CY  MOSBY,  Barren  County,  was  transferred  to  Morgan's  squadron, 
December,  1861. 

THOMAS  L.  NEWBERRY,  Barren  County.      (See  biography.) 

WILLISB.  NEWBERRY,  BarrenCounty,  was  disabled  by  ill  health  for 
duty  in  the  ranks,  and  was  employed  in  detail  service  until  Oc 
tober,  1862,  when  he  was  discharged. 

• NEIGHBORS,  Barren  County,  was  discharged  on  account  of 

disability  by  disease,  December,  1861. 

TOM  KELLEY,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh. 

JACK  LEWIS,  Glasgow,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Vicksburg.  Was  dis 
charged,  November,  1862,  being  under  age,  and  entered  the 
military  academy ;  was  afterward  assigned  to  duty  as  cadet  at 
•  the  Augusta  arsenal. 

D.  S.  OLIVER,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment 
Creeks;  was  severely  wounded  in  the  left  leg  at  the  latter  place, 
and  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  enemy.  His  limb  was  amputated 
at  Marietta,  but  he  recovered  and  returned  home  at  the  close  of 
the  war. 

GEORGE  W.  OLIVER,  Barren  County,  died  of  disease  at  Jackson, 
Miss.,  July  12,  1863. 

JAMES  OSBORNE,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh ;  was  discharged 
on  account  of  disability  by  disease,  July,  1862. 

S.  J.  J.  P ARRIS,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Jackson  and  Chicka 
mauga  ;  was  captured  on  the  movement  between  Mission  Ridge 
and  Dalton,  November,  1863. 

C.  R.  PALMORE,  Warren  County,  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Chicka 
mauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  Dallas,  and  Kenesaw 
Mountain ;  was  relieved  from  duty  at  the  latter  place,  having 
taken  an  affection  of  the  eye  that  rendered  service  impossible ; 
was  generally  incapacitated  by  ill  health  for  duty  in  the  ranks,, 
but  recovered  and  fought  in  cavalry  engagements. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  779 

JOHN  H.  PHILPOTT,  Cumberland  County,  was  wounded  in  the 
knee  at  Shiloh,  April  7,  1862;  fought  also  at  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  In- 
trenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  was 
with  the  dismounted  detachment  during  the  cavalry  engage 
ments. 

THOMAS  W.  PAYNE,  Barren  County,  was  disabled  by  ill  health 
for  field  duty  until  the  battle  of  Stone  River,  when  he  won  the 
admiration  of  his  officers  and  comrades  for  his  eagerness  and  in 
trepidity;  was  among  the  first  to  reach  the  river,  where  he  re 
ceived  a  rifle-ball  in  the  forehead,  which  killed  him  almost  in 
stantly.  He  was  awarded  medal  of  honor  for  gallant  and  meri 
torious  conduct. 

GEORGE  R.  PAGE,  Barren  County,  was  another  boy  soldier  and  a 
hero;  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ; 
at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at 
Jonesboro',  and  in  all  the  cavalry  engagements. 

ANDREW  J.  PARRISH,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  with  Co. 
F;  was  transferred  to  Co.  E,  April  26,  1862;  fought  at  Vicks 
burg,  Baton  Rouge,  and  Stone  River ;  was  wounded  through  the 
left  high  at  the  latter  place,  Jan.  2,  1863;  fought  at  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dal 
las  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks; 
both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  Some 
time  after  his  return  from  the  army  he  was  dangerously  wounded 
by  a  horse-thief,  of  whom  he  was  in  pursuit. 

D.  W.  PRICE,  Barren  County,  was  at  Shiloh,  in  charge  of  ordnance 
wagon;  was  discharged  at  Manchester,  Tenn.,  April,  1863,  on 
account  of  disability  by  disease,  having  been  almost  constantly 
afflicted  from  the  first. 

JAMES  W.  PAYNE,  Roseville,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Vicksburg. 

W.  G.  PARKER,  Barren  County,  died  of  disease  at  Stone  River, 
February,  1862. 

JOHN  L.  STOUT,  Covington,  fought  at  Shiloh  with  Co.  F.  was 
transferred  to  Co.  E,  April  26,  1862;  was  appointed  a  corporal 
of  Co.  E,  1862,  and  was  promoted  to  first  sergeant,  1863;  fought 
at  Vicksburg,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas  ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Utoy  Creek ; 
both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

T.  W.  SPILLMAN,  Barren  County,  was  appointed  corporal,  1862; 
fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and  Baton  Rouge ;  was  dangerously 
wounded  at  the  latter  place ;  fought  at  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta; 
at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  both  days  at 
Jonesboro'.  During  the  cavalry  operations  he  was  with  the  dis 
mounted  detachment. 


780  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

WM.  M.  STEENBERGEN,  Barren  County,  was  shot  through  the 
body  at  Shiloh  and  left  for  dead ;  lay  in  temporary  hospital  on  the 
field  for  ten  days  before  the  Federals  sent  him  by  boat  to  Evans- 
ville,  Ind.  Was  there  three  months  and  surgeons  regarded 
him  as  hopeless,  but  he  recovered  sufficiently  to  be  sent  to  Camp 
Morton.  Was  exchanged  with  the  men  of  the  Second  Kentucky 
in  September,  1862,  and  reported  to  his  regiment,  but  was  unable 
for  field  service  and  was  assigned  to  hospital  duty,  serving  in  this 
way  for  eight  months.  Returned  to  his  company  in  May,  1863, 
and  took  part  in  the  engagements  that  followed,  including  Dallas, 
where  he  was  again  wounded.  Rejoined  the  company,  however, 
and  went  into  the  fight  of  Sept.  i,  1864,  though  unable  to  use  his 
arms  in  a  way  to  load  a  gun,  but  threw  over  the  wall  a  shell  that 
had  fallen  near  him  in  the  rifle-pit,  and  fired  as  fast  as  Lieutenants 
Terry  and  Holman  could  load  for  him.  Was  captured  with  the 
rest  and  became  a  prisoner  again  for  twelve  days.  Served  to  the 
close,  and  since  then  has  been  an  upright  and  much  respected  cit 
izen  of  his  native  county. 

WM.  A.  SETTLE,  Barren  County,  was  one  of  the  regimental  musi 
cians,  but  was  on  almost  every  field,  sometimes  in  the  ranks,  but 
generally  engaged  in  carrying  off  the  wounded. 

ED  PORTER  THOMPSON,  Metcalfe  County,  was  appointed  first 
sergeant  of  Co.  F,  March  2,  1862,  and  fought  with  that  company 
at  Shiloh,  where  he  was  wounded;  was  transferred  to  Co.  E, 
April  26,  1862,  and  appointed  fifth  sergeant  of  that  company; 
was  elected  first  lieutenant,  May  10,  1862  ;  fought  at  Vicksburg 
and  Stone  River,  at  which  latter  place  he  was  severely  wounded 
(Jan.  2,  1863),  and  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  enemy.  -He  was 
one  of  the  thirty-six  officers  who  cast  lots  at  City  Point,  Va.,  May 
25,  1863,  for  the  chance  of  being  returned  to  Fort  Delaware  prison 
and  shot  in  retaliation,  but  was  one  of  eighteen  who  drew  for 
tunate  tickets  and  were  admitted  to  exchange.  Though  disabled 
for  service  in  the  line,  he  voluntarily  rejoined  the  regiment  in 
November,  1863,  and  was  promoted  to  captain  in  the  quartermas 
ter's  department,  at  that  time  embracing  in  the  regiments  both 
quartermaster  and  commissary  duty,  and  served  in  that  capacity 
during  the  remainder  of  the  war,  five  months  of  which  time  he 
had  a  running  wound  and  was  on  crutches.  During  much  of  the 
time  during  the  Dalton-Atlanta  campaign  he  was  in  charge  of  the 
ambulance,  ordnance,  and  supply  train  of  his  regiment,  at  the 
front,  and  frequently  exposed  to  fire.  In  his  report  of  the  part 
taken  in  the  battle  of  Stone  River  by  the  Sixth  Regiment,  Colonel 
(afterward  General)  Lewis  said  of  him  :  "  Of  those  wounded, 
several  were  left  on  the  field  and  at  Murfreesboro',  and  of  the 
missing  I  fear  all  are  either  prisoners  or  some  killed  and  wounded, 
as  they  had  all  crossed  the  river;  and  one  of  them,  Lieut.  Ed 
Porter  Thompson,  the  last  seen  was  with  pistol  firing  on  the  ad 
vancing  enemy.  It  is  due  to  him  to  say  that,  detailed  as  com 
missary,  he  was  not  required  to  go  into  action,  but  during  that 
week  he  discharg;  d  his  duties  as  commissary  and  as  an  officer  on 
the  field,  sharing  the  hardships  and  dangers  throughout." 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  781 

ELLIOTT  W.  THOMPSON,  Barren  County,  fought  with  Co.  F  at 
Shiloh ;  was  transferred  to  Co.  E,  April  26,  1862;  fought  at 
Vicksburg;  was  on  the  field  at  Stone  River,  in  charge  of  ord 
nance  wagon,  having  been  accidentally  crippled  just  before  the 
battle ;  fought  at  Jackson  and  Chickamauga ;  was  on  detail  ser 
vice  during  the  campaign  of  1864 ;  conducted  the  medical  stores 
twice  across  the  line  of  fire,  in  rear  of  the  troops,  during  the  bat 
tle  at  Jonesboro',  Aug.  31,  1864,  and  was  in  the  mounted  engage 
ments.  Has  long  been  a  prominent  citizen  of  Livingston  County, 
Missouri. 

WM.  A.  TERRY,  Barren  County,  was  appointed  third  sergeant  of 
Co.  F,  November,  1861,  and  fought  with  that  company  at  Shiloh; 
was  transferred  to  Co.  E,  April  26,  1862,  and  was  appointed  a 
sergeant  of  that  company  ;  fought  at  Vicksburg  and  Baton  Rouge  ; 
was  elected  second  lieutenant,  Oct.  24,  1862  ;  fought  at  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and 
Utoy  Creeks,  and  both  days  at  Jonesboro'.  He  took  part  in  the 
mounted  engagements  until  March,  1865,  when  he  was  ordered 
into  Kentucky  on  recruiting  service,  and,  having  been  captured, 
was  under  guard  at  Glasgow  when  the  war  closed.  He  has  long 
been  a  prominent  citizen  of  Bentonville,  Ark. 

A.  W.  TRACY,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  and  Stone  River;  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  Jan.  2, 
1863. 

JOHN  G.  TISDALE,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  with  Co.  F, 
where  he  was  severely  wounded  in  the  arm ;  was  transferred  to 
Co.  E,  April  26,  1862,  and  fought  at  Baton  Rouge;  died  of  dis 
ease  at  Manchester,  Tenn.,  1863. 

JOHN  S.  TOLLE,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  with  Co.  F;  was 
transferred  to  Co.  E,  April  26,  1862,  and  fought  at  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River;  Jackson,  Chickamauga,,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree, 
Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks  ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in 
the  mounted  engagements. 

THOMAS  WILSON,  Barren  County,  was  appointed  a  sergeant  of 
Co.  F,  Nov.  19,  1 86 1,  and  fought  with  that  company  at  Shiloh; 
was  transferred  to  Co.  E,  April  26,  1862,  and  was  appointed  ser 
geant;  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dal 
las  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks: 
both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  He 
was  but  once  slightly  wounded  during  the  whole  war,  though 
nearly  seven  feet  high,  and  an  excellent  mark.  Died  almost  sud 
denly  at  Hardyville,  Sept.  13,  1878. 

JAMES  T.  WILSON,  Barren  County,  fought  with  Co.  F  at  Shiloh, 
where  he  was  wounded  on  Monday ;  was  transferred  to  Co.  E, 
April  26,  1862;  fought  at  Vicksburg  and  Baton  Rouge;  was  dis 
charged,  November,  1862,  being  under  age.  Died  at  home  soon 
after  the  war. 


782  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

JOSEPH  T.  WINLOCK,  Barren  County,  fought  with  Co.  F  at  Shi 
loh;  was  transferred  to  Co.  E,  April  26,  1862;  fought  at  Vicks- 
burg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face 
Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  but 
rejoined  the  company  in  July,  and  fought  at  Peachtree  and  In- 
trenchment  Creeks ;  was  captured  at  the  latter  place,  and  was  not 
exchanged  in  time  to  participate  in  the  closing  engagements. 

WILLIAM  L.  WITT,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  with  Co.  F, 
and  was  captured,  April  7,  1862.  Was  attached  to  Co.  E,  after 
the  exchange,  September,  1862,  and  fought  at  Stone  River,  Jack 
son,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas; 
after  this  time  his  health  so  failed  that  he  was  wholly  unfit  for 
duty.  Afterward  procured  a  furlough  and  went  to  Virginia, 
thence,  after  the  war  closed,  to  his  father's,  in  Kentucky,  where 
he  died  of  consumption,  1865. 

JAMES  O.  WILKINSON,  Nelson  County,  was  transferred  from  Co. 
A,  October,  1863,  and  fought  with  Co.  E  at  Rocky  Face  Ridge, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  In- 
trenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in 
all  the  mounted  engagements. 

JOHN  H.  YANCEY,  Barren  County,  fought  with  Co.  F  at  Shiloh; 
was  transferred  to  Co.  E,  April  26,  1862,  and  was  one  of  the  non 
commissioned  officers  of  that  company.  Fought  at  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face 
Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peach- 
tree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  both  days  at  Jones 
boro'.  After  the  command  was  mounted,  he  was  captured  near 
McDonough,  November,  1864,  and  was  not  exchanged  in  time 
for  further  service. 


COMPANY  F,  SIXTH  REGIMENT. 

WILLIAM  W.  BAGBY,  Hiseville,  was  elected  captain,  Nov.  19, 
1861;  was  severely  wounded  in  battle  at  Shiloh,  April  7, 
1862,  but  was  brought  off  under  fire  by  some  almost  exhausted 
but  heroic  members  of  his  company.  He  died  from  the  effects 
of  his  wound,  and  general  ill  health,  at  Mr.  Ed  Trewitt's,  near 
Okolona,  Miss.,  July  7,  1862. 

WM.  W.  PAGE,  Allen  County,  was  elected  first  lieutenant,  Nov.  19, 
1861 ;  fought  at  Shiloh;  resigned,  May  10,  1862,  and  afterward 
served  with  Morgan's  cavalry. 

E.  M.  SMITH,  Barren  County,  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  Nov. 
19,  1861;  fought  at  Shiloh;  resigned,  May  10,  1862;  was 
captured  before  he  left  Corinth,  and  while  in  prison  contracted 
disease,  of  which  he  died,  after  having  been  released,  at  the  house 
of  William  B.  Rogers,  in  his  native  county. 

THOMAS  C.  MULLIGAN,  Allen  County,  was  elected  second  lieu 
tenant,  Nov.  19,  1861;  fought  at  Shiloh  ;  resigned,  May  10,  1862. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  783 

CHARLES  R.  BAGBY,  Hiseville,  was  appointed  first  sergeant,  Nov. 
19,  1861,  but  was  discharged  March  20,  1862,  on  account  of 
lameness  induced  by  an  accident  previous  to  the  war. 

ED  PORTER  THOMPSON,  Metcalfe  County.     (See  Co.  E.) 

FOUNT  P.  RANDLE,  Sumner  County,  Tenn.      (See  Co.  I.) 

WM.  A.  TERRY,  Barren  County.      (See  Co.  E.) 

WM.  R.  BARLOW,  Allen  County.     (See  Co.  I.) 

JESSE  E.  GRIFFIN,  Allen  County.     (See  Co.  I.) 

JOHN  H.  YANCEY,  Barren  County.      (See  Co.  E.) 

JO    RENFRO,   Allen  County.      (See  Co.  I.) 

JOHN  L.  STOUT,  Covington.      (See  Co.  E.) 

WILLIAM  H.  ANTHONY,  Allen  County.     (See  Co.  I.) 

S.  A.  BRAMER,  Hart  County.      (See  Co.  I).) 

W.  A.  BUSH,  Allen  County,  died  of  disease  in  Atlanta,  March  2, 
1862. 

J.  T.  CARVER,  Allen  County.      (See  Co.  I.) 

J.  W.  CARVER,  Allen  County.     (See  Co.  I.) 

MOSES  N.  CRAIN,  Barren  County.      (See  Co.  E.) 

C.  C.  DUKE,  Allen  County.     (See  Co.  I.) 

JESSE  W.  DURHAM,   Barren  County.     (See  Co.  E.) 

JOHN  VINCENT  ELMORE,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh, 
where  he  was  dangerously  wounded  and  captured;  recovered  and 
was  exchanged,  but  was  not  able  for  further  service. 

THOMAS  M.  FIELD,  Barren  County,  was  left  sick  in  Kentucky, 
February,  1862,  and  died  shortly  afterward. 

T.  M.  FISHER,  Allen  County.      (See  Co.  I.) 

WM.  W.  FRANKLIN,  Barren  County.     (See  Co.  E.) 

JOHN  GAVIN,  Ireland.      (See  Co.  I.) 

JOHN  GREGORY,  Barren  County.      (See  Co.  I.) 

C.  T.  GALLOWAY,  Barren  County,  was  sick  and  absent  from  com 
mand  after  Nov.  15,  1861.  Fate  unknown. 

WILLIAM  S.  GILL,  Barren  County.      (See  Co.  D.) 

JOHN  HAMILL,  Barren  County,  died  of  disease  at  Nashville,  Jan. 
5,  1862. 

CLABE  D.  HANDY,  Barren  County,  was  left  sick  at  Decatur,  Ala., 
March  20,  1862.  Fate  unknown. 

F.  M.  HAINES,  Allen  County.     (See  Co.  I.) 
J.  J.  HAGAR,  Allen  County.     (See  Co.  I.) 

GEO.  F.  JOHNSON,  Barren  County,  died  of  disease  at  John 
Gorin's,  on  Jennings'  Creek,  Jan.  18,  1862. 


784  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

CHARLES  M.  JOHNSON,  Barren  County.      (See  Co.  E.) 
RICHARD  M.  JOHNSON,  Barren  County.      (See  Co.  E.) 
ALEXANDER  LAWSON,   Allen  County.     (See  Co.  I.) 
THOMAS  H.  McFARLANE,  Allen  County.     (See  Co.  I.) 

C.  R.  McCANDLESS,  Barren  County,  was  severely  wounded  in  bat 

tle  at  Shiloh,  and  was  discharged  in  consequence,  July,  1862. 

JOHN  W.  McGARVEY,  Allen  County.     (See  Co.   I.) 
M.  S.  MATTHEWS,  Barren  County.      (See  Co.  D.) 
PRY  MURPHY,  Barren  County.      (See  Co.  D.) 
THOMAS  L,  NEWBERRY,  Hiseville.      (See  biography.) 
WILLIS  B.  NEWBERRY,  Hiseville.     (See  Co.  E.) 
JAMES  H.  ODLE,  Barren  County.      (See  Co.  I.) 
THOMAS  W.  PAYNE,  Barren  County.      (See  Co.  E.) 
ANDREW  J.  PARRISH,  Barren  County.      (See  Co.  E.) 
JOHN  H.  PHILPOTT,  Cumberland  County.     (See  Co.  E.) 
FRANK  PORTER,  Allen  County.     (See  Co.  I.) 

D.  W.  PRICE,  Barren  County.      (See  Co.  E.) 

C.   W.    PALMORE,  Barren  County,  was  discharged  by  substitute, 
Jan.  20,  1862. 

JOHN  R.  PARRIS,  Barren  County,  was  transferred  to  Second  Regi 
ment  Tennessee  Infantry,  March  20,  1862. 

ELISHA  W.  PURRINGTON,  Barren  County,  died  of  disease,  De 
cember,  1 86 1. 

GEORGE  W.  PATTON,  Allen  County.     (See  Co.  I.) 

THOMAS  J.  PEERS,  Barren  County,  was  discharged  on  account  of 
disability  by  disease,  Feb.  2,  1862. 

MATT.  RAINEY,  Allen  County,  was  sent  sick  to  hospital  at  Nash 
ville,  Feb.  i,  1862.     Fate  unknown. 

OSCAR  E.  READ,  Louisville.      (See  Co.  I.) 
WILLIAM  H.  READ,  Allen  County.     (See  Co.  I.) 
GIDEON  B.  RHOADES,  Allen  County.      (See  Co.  I.) 

NATHAN  B.  THOMPSON,  Metcalfe  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at 
Shiloh,  April  7,  1862. 

ELLIOTT  W.  THOMPSON,  Metcalfe  County.      (See  Co.  E.) 
JOHN  S.  TOLLE,  Barren  County.     (See  Co.  E.) 
JAMES  P.  TOLLE,  Barren  County.      (See  Co.  D.) 

THOMAS    M.   TRAMMELL,   Barren    County,    died  of  disease  at 
John  Gorin's,  on  Jennings'  Creek,  Dec.  31,  1861. 

JOHN  G.  TISDALE,  Barren  County.     (See  Co.  E.) 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  7^ 

JOHN   F.   TERRY,    Barren   County,  died  of  disease  at  Mr.  Head 
man's,  near  Bowling  Green,  Dec.  8,  1861. 

WM.  W.  WILSON,  Barren  County,  died  of  disease  at  Harvey  Dish- 
man's,  on  Jennings'  Creek,  Dec.  5,  1861. 

THOMAS  WILSON,  Barren  County.     (See  Co.  E.) 
DAVID  C.  WALKER,  Allen  County.      (See  Co.  I.) 
JOSEPH  T.  WINLOCK,  Barren  County.      (See  Co.  E.) 
JAMES  T.  WILSON,  Barren  County.     (See  Co.  E.) 
JOHN  H.  WALKER,  Allen  County.     (See  Co.  I.) 


COMPANY  G,  SIXTH  REGIMENT. 

GRAN  UTTERBACK,  Lawrenceburg,  was  elected  captain,  Oct.  8, 
1 86 1 ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  and  Stone 
River;  was  mortally  wounded  while  in  command  of  the  skirmish 
party,  at  the  latter  place,  January  2,  and  died,  January  6,  1863. 

J.  K.  GAINES,  Lawrenceburg,  was  elected  first  lieutenant,  Oct.  8, 
1861,  and  died  of  disease  at  Lauderdale  Springs,  May  23,  1862. 

GEO.  J.  PENNY,  Anderson  County,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
Oct.  8,  1 86 1 ;  resigned,  February,  1862. 

WILLIAM  STANLEY,  Shelby  County,  was  elected  second  lieu 
tenant,  Oct.  8,  1862;  was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant,  May,  1862; 
to  captain,  January,  1863  ;  fought  at  Shiloh;  was  A.  I.  G.  on  the 
staff  of  Gen.  Preston  during  the  summer  of  1862;  fought  at  Stone 
River,  was  on  detached  service  during  the  campaigns  of  1863, 
and  was  assigned  to  general  court-martial  duty,  as  judge  advocate, 
March  22,  1865,  in  which  capacity  he  served  during  the  remain 
der  of  the  war. 

SAMUEL  M.  ORR,  Anderson  County,  was  elected  second  lieu 
tenant,  October,  1862,  and  was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant,  Jan 
uary,  1863  ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from 
Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks;  was 
wounded  in  the  thigh  at  the  latter  place,  July  22,  and  died  from 
the  effects  of  it  at  Forsythe,  Ga. ,  Aug.  9,  1864. 

JAMES  H.  COLE,  Anderson  County,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
May  10,  1862;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Stone  River,  Jack 
son,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from 
Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks; 
both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  all  the  mounted  engagements.  It 
is  not  in  strict  accordance  with  our  plan  in  the  arrangement  of 
these  company  accounts  to  speak  in  commendation  of  the  living; 
but  this  officer  displayed  so  much  courage  and  fortitude,  and  such 
devotion  to  the  cause  and  to  his  men,  that  he  deserves  special 
mention.  Of  a  naturally  tender  constitution,  he  was  afflicted  al 
most  from  the  first,  and  during  the  entire  service ;  but,  instead  of 
so 


786  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

taking  advantage  of  this,  to  abandon  the  cause,  or  to  shirk  the 
bloody  field,  he  could  scarcely  ever  be  persuaded  to  leave  the 
company  for  the  purpose  of  recruiting  his  health;  and  when  he 
chanced  to  "  smell  a  battle,"  expostulation  was  in  vain — he  would 
drag  himself  to  the  scene  of  conflict,  and  make  almost  super 
human  exertions  to  do  his  whole  duty,  whether  the  banner  waved 
in  triumph  or  trailed  in  defeat.  After  the  battle  of  Chickamauga, 
Col.  Gofer  made  special  mention  of  him,  and  recommended  that 
a  medal  of  honor  be  awarded  him  for  gallant  and  meritorious  con 
duct.  He  was  wounded  at  Jonesboro',  Aug.  31,  1864. 

JOSEPH  J.  WATERFILL,  Anderson  County,  was  elected  second 
lieutenant,  Jan.  28,  1863;  fought  at  Shiloh ;  was  long  afterward 
disqualified  for  service  by  ill  health,  but  rejoined  the  company  at 
Tyner's  Station,  Nov.  29,  1863  ;  and  fought  at  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  In- 
trenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  both  days  at  Jonesboro'. 
During  the  cavalry  operations  he  was  with  the  dismounted  men. 

THOMAS  J.  DYER,  Woodford  County,  was  appointed  first  sergeant, 
Oct.  8,  1861,  and  died  of  disease  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  Feb.  21, 
1862. 

DAVID  W.  BOND,  Anderson  County,  was  appointed  second  ser 
geant,  Oct.  8,  1 86 1  ;  fought  at  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chicka 
mauga,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  both  days  at  Jones 
boro';  was  with  dismounted  detachment  duringcavalry  operations. 
Died  at  Ripyville,  Dec.  7,  1895. 

EUCLID  WALKER,  Anderson  County,  was  appointed  third  ser 
geant,  Oct.  8,  1 86 1  ;  was  discharged  at  Knoxville,  on  account  of 
disability  by  disease,  October,  1862. 

LLOYD  REDMAN,  Anderson  County,  was  appointed  fourth  ser 
geant,  Oct.  8,  1861  ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Jackson,  Chick 
amauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas  ;  from  Dallas  to 
Atlanta;  at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks,  and  was  killed 
at  the  latter  place,  July  22,  1864. 

ADELBERT  WALKER,  Anderson  County,  was  appointed  fifth  ser 
geant,  Oct.  8,  1861  ;  fought  at  Stone  River,  Chickamauga,  Dal 
las;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment 
Creeks,  and  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  July  22,  1864. 

JNO.  L.  ABBOTT,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  where  he  was 
wounded  and  captured  on  the  morning  of  the  second  day  ;  was 
not  exchanged  till  March,  1863.  On  reaching  home  it  was  found 
necessary  to  amputate  his  leg — the  wound  being  badly  gan 
grened,  after  which  he  recovered,  but  has  been  a  sufferer  through 
life. 

THOMAS  ABBOTT,  Lawrenceburg,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh, 
April  7,  1862. 

JOS.  WM.  ALLEN,  Anderson  County,  died  of  disease  at  Shelbyville, 
Tenn.,  May  8,  1862. 

W.  D.  BROWN,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Baton  Rouge. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  787 

BEN  F.  BOND,  Anderson  County,  was  appointed  corporal,  May  10, 
1862;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas; 
from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks; 
was  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  and  disabled  for  further  service 
during  the  war. 

JACOB  BOWMAN,  Grant  County,  served  as  teamster  until  after  the 
battle  of  Shiloh,  when  he  was  detailed  as  blacksmith,  and  was 
engaged  in  this  duty  till  the  command  was  mounted.  He  then 
took  part  in  the  cavalry  operations  in  Georgia  and  South  Car 
olina. 

T.  M.  BAXTER,  Anderson  County,  was  appointed  first  sergeant, 
May  10,  1862  ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Stone  River,  Jack 
son,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas; 
from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy 
Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engage 
ments. 

THOMAS  H.  BOWLES,  Barren  County,  was  transferred  from  Co. 
I)  in  1862;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Stone  River,  and  Chickamauga; 
was  permanently  disabled  at  the  latter  place  by  the  loss  of  an  arm, 
Sept.  20,  1863. 

R.  P.  BAUGH,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Vicksburg, 
and  was  killed  at  Baton  Rouge,  Aug.  5,  1862. 

JOHN  COLTER,  Anderson  County,  was  wounded  at  Shiloh,  April 
7,  1862;  fought  at  Vicksburg  and  Baton  Rouge;  was  wounded 
at  the  latter  place  ;  fought  at  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas  ;  was  wounded  on  the 
skirmish  line  at  Kenesaw  mountain  ;  fought  both  days  at  Jones 
boro',  where  he  was  again  wounded,  and  in  all  the  cayalry  en 
gagements.  Died  in  Louisville,  in  1893. 

SILAS  F.  CROOK,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
and  Jackson,  and  was  captured  at  the  latter  place,  July,  1862. 

WM.  CLARKE,  Grant  County,  was  wounded  in  battle  at  Stone 
River,  Jan.  2,  1863,  and  permanently  disabled. 

BEN  F.  DICKERSON,  Franklin  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicks 
burg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky 
Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at 
Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  both  days  at 
Jonesboro'.  During  the  cavalry  operations  he  served  with  the 
dismounted  detachment. 

C.  H.  DAWSON,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas;  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  May  28,  1864. 

CHARLIE  DAWSON,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh;  was  ap 
pointed  commissary  sergeant  in  1862,  and  served  in  that  capacity 
during  the  war. 

GEORGE  S.  ESSEX,  Louisville.      (See  Co.  B.) 


788  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

ELIJAH  FLOYD,  Owen  County,  died  of  disease  at  Bowling  Green, 
Feb.  5,  1862. 

JAMES  FIGG,  Fayette  County,  was  discharged  on  account  of  dis 
ability  by  disease,  1862. 

THOMAS  GIBBONY,  Scott  County,  died  of  disease  at  Nashville, 
Tenn.,  1861. 

WILLIAM  GRIFFIE,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicks- 
burg,  Stone  River,  and  Chickamauga;  and  was  killed  at  the  lat 
ter  battle,  Sept.  20,  1863. 

WILLIAM  GUDGEL,  Anderson  County,  served  as  teamster  during 
the  war. 

T.  S.  GILLISS,  Anderson  County,  was  appointed  third  sergeant, 
May  10,  1862.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Jackson,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peach- 
tree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks;  was  killed  at  the  latter  place, 
July  22,  1864. 

JOHN  W.  HACKLEY,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Rocky  Face 
Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas-to  Atlanta;  at  Peach- 
tree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks,  and  was  killed  at  the  latter  place, 
July  22,  1864. 

GEORGE  W.  HUMES,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Baton  Rouge, 
Jackson,  and  Chickamauga,  and  in  the  mounted  engagements  be 
tween  Stockbridge  and  Savannah.  Was  afterward  with  the  dis 
mounted  detachment. 

D.  G.  HANKS,  Anderson  County,  was  wounded  in  battle  at  Shiloh, 
April  7,  1862. 

GEORGE  HARRISON,  Anderson  County,  was  transferred  from  Co. 
K,  April  26,  1862,  and  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Vicksburg. 

W.  T.  JOHNSON,  Anderson  County,  was  appointed  fifth  sergeant, 
October,  1862.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment, 
and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted 
engagements. 

CHARLES  W.  JONES,  Anderson  County,  was  generally  unfitted  by 
ill  health  for  active  field  service,  but  fought  at  Baton  Rouge, 
Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  en 
gagements. 

P.  H.  JONES,  Anderson  County,  was  wounded  in  the  hip  by  a  shell 
at  Shiloh,  and  disabled,  April  7,  1862. 

JOSEPH  L.  KENDRICK,  Grant  County,  fought  at  Shiloh.  Was 
discharged,  March,  1863,  being  over  age. 

WILLIAM  T.  KNIGHT,  Shelby  County,  was  wounded  in  battle  at 
Shiloh.  Was  discharged,  March,  1863,  being  over  age. 

ELI  LONAKER,  Grant  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge, 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  789 

Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  In- 
trenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro';  was 
wounded  on  the  skirmish  line  near  Lovejoy's  Station;  and  fought 
in  the  mounted  engagements  until  just  about  the  time  the  fighting 
ceased,  when  he  accidentally  killed  himself  with  his  rifle.  April, 
1865. 

WILLIAM  LYON,  Anderson  County,  was  transferred  from  Co.  K, 
April  26,  1862.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca  and  Dallas; 
was  wounded  at  Dallas,  May  28,  and  died  in  consequence  of  it, 
July  22,  1864. 

WILLIAM  H.  MORTON,  Anderson  County,  was  discharged  on  ac 
count  of  disability  by  disease,  July,  1862. 

O.  MARTIN,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from 
Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks; 
and  both  days  at  Jonesboro'.  During  the  cavalry  operations,  he 
was  with  dismounted  detachment. 

THOMAS  J.  MATTHEWS,  Woodford  County,  fought  at  Shiloh, 
Vicksburg,  and  Baton  Rouge.  Was  discharged,  November, 

1862,  being  over  age. 

J.  F.  MATTHEWS,  Woodford  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree  and 
Intrenchment  Creeks;  was  wounded  and  captured  at  the  latter 
place,  and  detained  in  prison  until  after  the  surrender. 

A.  McMURRAY,  Anderson  County,  was  wounded  in  battle  at  Baton 
Rouge,  and  died  in  consequence  of  it  shortly  afterward. 

H.  OLIVER,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Baton  Rouge,  and  was 
discharged,  November,  1862,  being  over  age. 

D.  H.  PRATHER,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Stone  River,  and  Jackson.  Was  sent  sick  to  hospital,  August, 

1863,  and  never  again  heard  from. 

JAMES  T.  PRATHER,  Mercer  County,  was  wounded  and  captured 
at  Shiloh  on  the  second  day  ;  rejoined  company  after  exchange, 
September,  1862,  and  fought  at  Stone  River,  where  he  was  again 
wounded  and  captured,  in  a  skirmish  on  the  picket  line,  Dec.  29, 
1862  ;  rejoined  company  in  April,  1863,  and  fought  at  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dal 
las  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ; 
both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 
Was  killed  in  Anderson  County,  Sept.  12,  1896,  in  a  personal 
affray. 

D.  C.  PRATHER,  Mercer  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  and  P«.e- 
saca.  Was  sent  to  Covington,  Ga.,  sick,  May,  1862;  was  cap 
tured  there  by  Stoneman's  raiders,  and  never  afterward  heard  of. 

GEORGE  PEACH,  Lincoln  County,  died  of  disease  in  Atlanta, 
March  3,  1862. 


790  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

P.  D.  PATTERSON,  Mercer  County,  fought  with  Graves's  Battery  at 
Donelson,  and  was  captured;  rejoined  company  in  September, 
1862  ;  and  was  afterward  employed  till  the  close  of  the  war  as 
brigade  blacksmith. 

JOHN  PHILLIPS,  Owsley  County,  was  wounded  in  battle  at  Shiloh, 
through  the  breast,  and  died  at  Corinth,  in  consequence  of  it. 

G.  POWELL.  Greene  County,  Ala.,  was  transferred  from  Co.  I, 
Sixth  Florida  Infantry,  Sept.  i,  1864;  fought  and  was  captured 
at  Jonesboro'  the  same  day;  and  after  the  exchange  he  took  part 
in  the  mounted  engagements. 

WILLIAM  W.  PENNY,  Anderson  County,  died  of  disease  at  Bowl 
ing  Green,  Jan.  n,  1862. 

WILLIAM  P.  ROUTT,  Anderson  County,  died  of  disease  at  Nash 
ville,  April  25,  1862. 

R.  G.  ROUTT,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh.  Died  of  disease 
at  Columbus,  Miss.,  Sept.  20,  1862. 

WILLIAM  L.  ROUTT,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Chicka- 
mauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  was  wounded 
at  the  latter  place,  and  disabled  for  any  further  service  during  the 
war. 

C.  T.  SHELEY,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Stone  River,  Rocky 
Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place, 
but  recovered  and  took  part  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

Z.  W.  SHELEY,  Anderson  County,  died  of  disease  in  Hinds  County, 
Miss.,  Aug.  15,  1862. 

SMITH  SHERWOOD,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh;  was  dis 
charged  April,  1863,  on  account  of  disability  by  disease. 

JOSEPH  SEARCY,  Anderson  County,  died  of  disease  at  Bowling 
Green,  Jan.  10,  1862. 

JAMES  SEARCY,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Yicksburg,  Stone 
River,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas; 
was  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  but  recovered  and  took  part  in 
the  mounted  engagements. 

JOHN  SUTHERLAND,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh.  No 
other  facts  known  to  the  writer. 

Z.  M.  SUTHERLAND,  Anderson  County,  was  not  enlisted  till  July, 
1862;  fought  at  Chickamauga,  and  was  afterward  employed  in 
detail  service. 

PHILIP  THURMAN,  Anderson  County,  died  of  disease  near 
Mooresville,  Ala.,  June  30,  1862. 

CHARLES  P.  THOMPSON,  Burlington,  N.  J.,  fought  at  Shiloh, 
Vicksburg,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment, 
and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  at  Jonesboro',  both  days.  During  the 
cavalry  operations,  he  was  with  the  dismounted  detachment. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  791 

JOHN  C.  VALCOUR,  Owen  County,  was  one  of  the  regimental 
drummers;  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Stone  River.  Was  transferred, 
August,  1864,  to  the  Florida  infantry. 

WM.  M.  WATERFILL,  Anderson  County,  died  of  disease  at  Nash 
ville,  Nov.  25,  1861. 

J.  P.  WATERFILL,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Vicks- 
burg.  Died  of  disease  at  Ringgold,  Ga.,  April  n,  1863. 

JOHN  WILSON,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Jonesboro' ;  was  captured  while  on 
picket  near  Stockbridge,  Ga.,  November,  1864,  and  was  not  ex 
changed  in  time  for  further  service. 

C.  M.  WALKER,  Anderson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Rocky  Face 
Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas. 

ROBT.  WOOLDRIDGE,  Anderson  County,  served  on  the  Infirmary 
Corps  at  the  battle  of  Shiloh.  Nothing  further  known  by  the 
writer. 

G.  S.  WILLIAMS,  Anderson  County,  was  mortally  wounded  in  bat 
tle  at  Shiloh,  and  died  at  Corinth,  April  14,  1862. 

WM.  YOUNG,  Anderson  County,  was  transferred  to  this  company 
in  March,  1864,  and  fought  with  it  at  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment, 
and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted 
engagements. 

COMPANY   H,   SIXTH   REGIMENT. 

WM.  LEE  HARNED,  Hardin  County,  was  elected  captain,  Oct.  10, 
1861  ;  was  mortally  wounded  in  battle  at  Shiloh,  April  6,  and 
died  at  Burnsville,  Miss.,  April  15,  1862. 

FRANK  D.  MOFFITT,  Elizabethtown,  was  elected  first  lieutenant, 
Oct.  10,  1861  ;  was  elected  captain,  April  26,  1862,  and  again  at 
the  reorganization,  May  10,  1862  ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  where  he 
was  wounded  in  the  neck  and  shoulder ;  at  Vicksburg,  and  at 
Stone  River  ;  was  again  wounded  at  the  latter  place  ;  at  Jackson 
and  Chickamauga  ;  was  dangerously  wounded  at  the  latter  place, 
Sept.  20,  1863,  and  disabled  for  further  service  during  the  war. 

JAMES  HARGAN,  Hardin  County,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
Oct.  10,  1861,  and  resigned  May  10,  1862. 

FRANK  HARNED,  Nelson  County,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
Oct.  10,  1861,  and  first  lieutenant,  May  10,  1862  ;  fought  at  Shi 
loh,  Vicksburg,  and  Baton  Rouge ;  was  wounded  at  the  latter 
place ;  fought  at  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky 
Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at 
Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks,  and  was  killed  at  the  latter 
place,  July  22,  1864. 

JAS.  CLAY  HAYS,  Hardin  County,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
May  10,  1862  ;  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Vicksburg;  resigned  on  ac 
count  of  ill  health,  October,  1862. 


792  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

WM.  JUDD  SHAW,  Bullitt  County,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
May  10,  1862;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  and 
Stone  River ;  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place  ;  fought  at  Jack 
son,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas; 
from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks ; 
was  severely  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  July  22,  1864,  and  dis 
abled  for  further  service  during  the  war. 

VIRGIL  HEWITT,  Elizabethtown,  served  during  the  first  year  of  the 
war  with  Gen.  Helm;  was  attached  to  this  company,  Sept.  18, 

1862  ;  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  Jan.  12,  1863,  and  was  pro 
moted  to  first  lieutenant  and  adjutant  Sixth  Regiment,  October, 

1863  ;  fought  at  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face 
Ridge,   Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  was  wounded  at  Dallas,  but  recov 
ered  in  time  to  take  part  in  the  battle  of  Intrenchment  Creek, 
at  which  place   he  was  so  severely  wounded  as  to  be  disabled 
for  further  service  during  the  war. 

L.  WARREN,  Bullitt  County,  was  appointed  first  sergeant,  Oct.  TO, 
1861  ;  was  discharged  on  account  of  disability  by  disease,  March 
27,  1862. 

WM.  WARREN,  Bullitt  County,  was  appointed  second  sergeant, 
Oct.  10,  1861  ;  was  discharged  on  account  of  disability  by  dis 
ease,  March  27,  1862. 

THO.  W.  COX,  Nelson  County,  was  appointed  first  sergeant,  May 
10,  1862 ;  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  Dallas,  and 
Pine  Mountain  ;  volunteered  to  occupy  a  dangerous  position  at 
Kenesaw  Mountain,  and  was  killed  by  the  enemy's  sharpshooters, 
June  20,  1864. 

WM.  HARNED,  Nelson  County,  was  appointed  third  sergeant,  Oct. 
10,  1 86 1  ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  and  Stone 
River;  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  Jan.  2,  1863. 

JAMES  M.  LEE,  Bullitt  County,  was  appointed  third  sergeant,  1863  ; 
fought  at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chicka 
mauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas 
to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both 
days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements  till  sent  into 
Kentucky  on  recruiting  service.  He  was  wounded  at  Stone 
River;  was  one  of  the  McMinnville  guard,  1863,  and  was  cap 
tured  there. 

FRANK  HARDY,  Bullitt  County,  was  appointed  fourth  sergeant, 
Oct.  10,  1 86 1  ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  and 
Stone  River;  was  discharged  by  substitute  in  the  spring  of  1863. 

JOHN  KINNISON,  Bullitt  County,  was  appointed  fifth  sergeant, 
Oct.  10,  1861 ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas;  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  but  rejoined  the  com 
pany  in  the  autumn,  and  served  with  the  dismounted  detachment 
till  the  close  of  the  war. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  793 

HENRY  HAYMAN,  Bullitt  County,  was  appointed  first  corporal, 
Oct.  10,  1 86 1  ;  was  severely  wounded  in  battle  at  Shiloh,  April 
7,  1862,  but  recovered  in  time  to  fight  atChickamauga,  where  he 
was  again  dangerously  wounded,  and  disabled  for  further  service 
during  the  war. 

L.  BOGARD,  Hardin  County,  was  appointed  second  corporal,  Oct. 
10,  1861;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and  Baton  Rouge. 

GEO.  W.  SCOTT,  Bullitt  County,  was  appointed  third  corporal,  Oct. 
10,  1861;  fought  at  Shiloh.  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas;  was  wounded  in  the  right  arm  at  Dallas,  and  permanently 
disabled. 

JAMES  ROSS,  Nelson  County,  was  appointed  fourth  corporal,  Oct. 
10,  1861  ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and  Baton  Rouge;  was 
mortally  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  and  died  at  Estelle  Springs, 
La.,  Aug*  9,  1862. 

HORACE  B.  CULLEY,  Hardin  County,  fought  with  Co.  K,  Eight 
eenth  Mississippi  Infantry,  at  first  Manassas,  Leesburg,  Dam  No. 
2,  Williamsburg,  Savage  Station,  Frazier's  farm,  and  Malvern 
Hill;  was  transferred  to  Co.  H,  Sixth  Kentucky,  Oct.  7,  1862, 
fought  at  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga;  was  wounded 
at  the  latter  place  ;  fought  at  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment 
Creeks,  and  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place.  After  the  com 
mand  was  mounted,  he  was  detached  for  service  with  Capt.  Cam 
eron,  provost  marshal  of  Wheeler's  corps,  and  was  thus  engaged 
till  the  guard  was  surrendered  at  Greensboro',  N.  C. 

ALEXANDER  BURTON,  Bullitt  County,  fought  with  Graves's 
Light  Artillery  at  Donelson,and  was  captured;  rejoined  the  com 
pany  in  September,  1862,  and  fought  at  Stone  River;  died  of 
disease,  1863. 

JAMES  BREWER,  Bullitt  County,  served  as  teamster. 

JAMES  BOHANNAN,  Hardin  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  died 
of  disease  at  Vicksburg,  July,  1862. 

JEDEDIAH  BRANCH,  Hardin  County,  died  of  disease  in  Atlanta, 

May  6,  1862. 
JOHN  CLARK,    Hardin   County,  fought  at   Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and 

Baton  Rouge;  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  Aug.  5,  1862. 

FRANK  CLARK,  Grayson  County,  was  generally  incapacitated  by 
disease  for  active  field  duty,  and  died,  Sept.  10,  1862. 

BEN  CHAMBERS,  Louisville,  was  wounded  in  battle  at  Shiloh,  April 
6,  and  was  discharged,  May  20,  1862. 

HENRY  C.  COLSTON,  Louisville,  fought  with  Graves's  Battery  at 
Donelson,  and  was  captured  there;  rejoined  the  company  in  Sep 
tember,  1862,  and  fought  at  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chicka 
mauga;  was  appointed  ensign  of  the  Sixth  Regiment,  February, 
1864;  fought  at  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  Dallas,  and  Pine 
Mountain,  and  died  of  disease  at  Newmin,  Ga.,  July,  1864. 


794  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

JOHN  CRAWFORD,  Hardin  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh, 
April  7,  1862.  "A  boy,"  says  a  comrade,  "in  years,  but  a  man 
in  action." 

WILLIAM  CARLISLE,  Hardin  County,  served  as  teamster  till 
Nov.  10,  1862,  when  he  was  discharged,  being  over  age. 

JOHN  CHINN,  Shelby  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  and  Stone  River ;  was  incapacitated  by  disease  for  active 
field  duty  during  the  remainder  of  the  war,  but  did  detail  service 
in  the  hospital  department. 

WM.  DAWSON,  Bullitt  County,  was  wounded  in  battle  at  Shiloh; 
was  generally  incapacitated  by  disease  for  duty  in  the  ranks,  and 
served  as  teamster  from  May  to  November,  1862,  when  he  was 
discharged. 

J.  H.  DURBIN,  Edmonson  County,  died  of  disease  at  Bowling 
Green,  January,  1861.  • 

WM.  S.  B.  HILL,  Bullitt  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas  ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Jonesboro',  both  days,  and  in 
the  mounted  engagements. 

JAMES  A.  HILL,  JR.,  Bullitt  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
and  Stone  River;  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  January  2,  1863. 

ACH  L.  HARNED,  Nelson  County,  lost  right  arm  in  battle  at  Baton 
Rouge,  and  was  discharged,  December,  1863. 

HENRY  S.  HARNED,  Nelson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face 
Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  atPeachtree, 
Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and 
in  the  mounted  engagements. 

JOHN  HARNED,  Nelson  County,  was  mortally  wounded  in  battle  at 
Shiloh,  and  died  at  Corinth,  April  30,  1862. 

JOHN  HOLSCLAW,  Bullitt  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and 
Baton  Rouge;  died  of  disease  at  Tullahoma,  Tenn.,  June  20, 
1863. 

HERCULES  HAYS,  Hardin  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga;  was 
wounded  at  the  latter  place  ;  fought  at  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment, 
and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted 
engagements. 

WM.  HIBBS,  Hardin  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Baton  Rouge, 
and  was  wounded  at  the  former  place. 

JOHN  HOSKINS,  Hardin  County,  died  of  disease,  1862. 

JO  HARBOLT,  Hardin  County,  was  disqualified  by  disease  for  duty 
in  the  ranks,  and  served  as  teamster  till  Sept.  12,  1862,  when  he 
was  discharged. 

JOHN  HUFF,  Grayson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Baton  Rouge, 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  795 

WM.  HUBBS,  Hardin  County,  fought  at  Shiloh. 

PETER  HASTINGS,  Bullitt  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and 
Baton  Rouge  ;  was  discharged,  Nov.  10,  1862,  being  over  age. 

LUKE  KENNADY,  Hardin  County,  fought  at  Shiloh;  was  ap 
pointed  quartermaster  sergeant,  June  20,  1862  ;  was  generally 
thereafter  actively  engaged  in  his  official  duties,  but  fought  at 
Chickamauga  and  Jonesboro';  was  so  badly  wounded  in  right  arm 
at  the  latter  place,  Aug.  31,  1864,  as  to  be  disabled  for  further 
service  during  the  war. 

DAVID  L.  LEE,  Bullitt  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  was  wounded  at  Dallas,  and  disabled  for 
further  duty  in  the  ranks,  but  was  engaged  in  various  detail  serv 
ice  till  the  close. 

THOMAS  T.  LEE,  Bullitt  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and 
Stone  River ;  was  generally  disabled  by  disease  for  duty  in  the 
ranks,  and  was  detailed  in  1863-4  for  post  duty  ;  rejoined  the  com 
mand  after  it  was  mounted,  and  took  part  in  the  subsequent  en 
gagements.  Died  at  home  several  years  after  the  war. 

JAMES  MASDEN,  Bullitt  County,  was  a  boy  hero — willing,  ready, 
vigilant,  and  brave;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas;  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  May  28,  1864. 

JESSE  McWILLIAMS,  Bullitt  County,  died  of  disease  at  Bowling 
Green,  Dec.  10,  1861. 

WM.  McCULLOM,  Hardin  County,  was  wounded  in  battle  at  Shi 
loh  ;  fought  also  at  Vicksburg  and  Baton  Rouge  ;  died  of  disease 
at  Chattanooga,  May,  1863. 

JOHN  MULLIGAN,  Daveiss  County,  was  transferred  to  Kentucky 
Cavalry,  1862;  died  of  disease,  May,  1863. 

SAMUEL  MILLER,  Grayson  County,  fought  at  Baton  Rouge. 

JAMES  METCALFE,  Grayson  County,  fought  at  Vicksburg  and 
Stone  River;  died  of  disease  at  Atlanta,  1863. 

HARDIN  MASDEN,  Bullitt  County,  was  discharged  on  account  of 
disability  by  disease,  March  12,  1862. 

THEODORE  PEARL,  Bullitt  County,  died  of  disease  at  Nashville, 
January,  1862. 

GEORGE  PATE,  Hardin  County,  fought  at  Shiloh;  was  afterward 
detailed  and  served  till  the  close  with  the  corps  of  pioneers. 

STEPHEN  QUICK,  Bullitt  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
and  Baton  Rouge.  Was  discharged  in  the  autumn  of  1862,  being 
over  age.  He  died  at  home  some  years  after  the  war. 

JOHN  PURCELL,  Nelson  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh, 
April  7,  1862. 


796  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

SAMUEL  H.  RUNNER,  Bullitt  County,  served  in  Co.  C,  Fourth 
Kentucky  Volunteer  Infantry,  during  the  Mexican  war ;  fought 
with  Co.  H,  Sixth  Regiment,  during  the  late  war,  at  Shiloh, 
Vicksburg,  and  Baton  Rouge;  was  discharged,  Nov.  29,  1862, 
being  over  age. 

HEZEKIAH  H.  STOVALL,  Hardin  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicks 
burg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky 
Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas  ;  was  wounded  on  the  skirmish 
line  at  Kenesaw  Mountain,  June  22,  1864,  and  did  not  participate 
in  the  subsequent  engagements.  . 

JOHN  SMITH,  Bullitt  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and 
Baton  Rouge;  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  Aug.  5,  1862. 

ALLEN  A.  SNELLEN,  Bullitt  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicks 
burg,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree  and 
Intrenchment  Creeks;  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  July  22, 
1864. 

JAMES  SVVENEY,  Bullitt  County,  was  captured  at  Shiloh,  and  died 
of  disease  at  Camp  Douglas,  June,  1862. 

HENRY  C.  THOMPSON,  Bullitt  County,  fought  at  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  Dallas,  and  Kenesaw  Mountain.  He  was  captured 
at  the  latter  place,  July  2,  1864,  and  detained  in  prison  till  the 
close  of  the  war. 

WM.  TROUTMAN,  Nelson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh. 

PHILIP  TROUTMAN,  Nelson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh;  was  dis 
charged  on  account  of  disability  by  disease  in  May,  and  died  at 
home  in  July,  1862. 

JOHN  TABB,  Hardin  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  and  Stone  River;  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  Jan.  2, 
1863. 

WM.  H.  VAN  METER,  Hardin  County,  was  not  enlisted  till  Nov.  6, 
1862;  fought  at  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga;  was 
placed  on  the  corps  of  sharpshooters  at  Dalton,  and  fought  with 
them  at  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  was  engaged 
almost  daily  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchmtnt, 
and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  at  Jonesboro';  was  wounded  at  the  latter 
place,  Aug.  31,  and  died  from  the  effects  of  it,  September,  1864, 
at  Barnesville,  Ga. 

CHARLES  VISE,  Union  County,  died  of  disease  at  Fayetteville, 
Tenn.,  March  4,  1862. 

JOHN  VIERS,  Hardin  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and 
Baton  Rouge;  lost  a  leg  in  the  latter  battle,  but  remained  South 
during  the  war. 

THOMAS  WITHERS,  Bullitt  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Vicks 
burg;  died  of  disease  in  Atlanta,  May,  1863. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  797 

WM.  YOUNGER,  Bullitt  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and 
Baton  Rouge;  was  discharged,  Nov.  29,  1862,  being  over  age, 
but  died  of  disease  in  camp  at  Manchester,  Tenn.,  February, 
1863. 

OEO.  W.  YOUNGER,  Bullitt  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face 
Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peach- 
tree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  at  Jonesboro';  was 
wounded  at  the  latter  place,  but  took  part  in  the  mounted  en 
gagements. 


COMPANY  I,  SIXTH  REGIMENT. 

SAMUEL  B.  CREWDSON,  Simpson  County,  was  elected  captain, 
Nov.  30,  1861.  Fought  at  Shiloh  and  Vicksburg,  and  resigned, 
Oct.  30,  1862. 

KICHARD  P.  FINN,  Franklin,  was  elected  first  lieutenant,  Nov.  30, 
1861;  promoted  to  captain,  Dec.  16,  1862.  Fought  at  Vicks 
burg,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  In 
trenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  at  Jonesboro',  both  days,  and  in 
the  mounted  engagements. 

I  P.  EDMONDS,  Simpson  County,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
Nov.  30,  1862;  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was  severely  wounded, 
April  7,  and  resigned,  May  10,  1862. 

|.  D.  BRYAN,  Simpson  County,  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  Nov. 
30,  1861;  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was  wounded  there;  resigned, 
May  10,  1862. 

DAVID  C.  WALKER,  Scottsville.      (See  biography.) 

( '.  M.  MOORE,  Simpson  County,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
May  19,  1862.  Fought  at  Shiloh  and  Vicksburg;  resigned,  Dec. 
n,  1862. 

THOMAS  M.  GOODKNIGHT,  Franklin,  was  appointed  chaplain  of 
the  Sixth  Regiment,  Dec.  i,  1861.  Resigned  that  position  and 
returned  to  ranks,  Dec.  i,  1862.  Was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
Dec.  10,  1862.  Fought  at  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta; 
at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks;  was  severely  wounded  at 
the  latter  place,  July  22,  1864,  and  fell  into  the  hands  of  the 
enemy,  who  detained  him  in  prison  till  after  the  close  of  the  war. 

TULLIUS  C.  HERRINGTON,  Simpson  County,  was  elected  second 
lieutenant,  April  n,  1863.  Fought  at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment, 
and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted 
engagements. 


798  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

A.  P.  ANDERSON,  Simpson  County,  was  appointed  second  cor 
poral,  Nov.  30,  1861.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  In- 
trenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks  ;  and  at  Jonesboro' ;  was  captured 
at  the  latter  place,  Aug.  31,  1864,  and  sent  to  Camp  Chase, 
where  he  soon  afterward  died  of  small-pox. 

WILLIAM  H.  ANTHONY,  Allen  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  with 
Co.  F;  was  transferred  to  Co.  I,  April  26,  1862;  was  appointed 
third  sergeant.  June  4,  1862;  fought  at  Vicksburg  and  Baton 
Rouge;  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  Aug.  5,  1862. 

J.  T.  ALEXANDER,  Allen  County,  was  transferred  from  Co.  K, 
Twenty-fifth  Louisiana  Infantry,  May  i,  1864.  Fought  with  the 
Louisianians  at  different  places,  and  with  the  Sixth  Kentucky  at 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas  ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at 
Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jones 
boro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

A.  P.  BARLOW,  Simpson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Vicksburg. 
Died  of  disease  at  Knoxville,  Tenn.,  Oct.  22,  1862. 

FRANCIS  BELL,  Simpson  County,  was  discharged  on  account  of 
disability  by  disease,  Jan.  30,  1862. 

WILLIAM  R.  BARLOW,  Allen  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  with  Co. 
F,  and  was  wounded  there;  was  transferred  to  Co.  I,  April  26, 
1862;  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson. 
Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from 
Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks; 
both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

JOHN  S.  BARLOW,  Simpson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face 
Ridge,  and  Resaca.  Was  blown  up  with  a  shell  at  the  latter 
place,  May  14,  1864,  but  recovered  and  returned  to  duty  in  time 
to  participate  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

R.  C.  BRYAN,  Simpson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River.  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga.  Died  of  dis 
ease,  at  La  Grange,  Ga. ,  March  16,  1864. 

"J-  C.  BRYAN,  Simpson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and 
Baton  Rouge.  Was  discharged,  November,  1862,  being  under 
age. 

W.  W.  BUSH,  Simpson  County,  was  discharged  by  substitute,  Janu 
ary,  1862. 

J.  O.  CUSHENBERRY,  Simpson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicks 
burg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga. 
Died  of  disease  at  Cassville,  Ga.,  May  12,  1864. 

J.  F.  COMPTON,  Simpson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face 
Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  was  severely  wounded  at  Dallas,  but 
recovered  and  took  part  in  the  mounted  engagements  in  South 
Carolina. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  799 

J.  T.  GARNER,  Allen  County,  fought  with  Co.  F,  at  Shiloh ;  was 
transferred  to  Co.  I,  April  26,  1862  ;  and  died  of  disease  at 
Vicksburg,  July,  1862. 

J.  W.  CARVER,  Allen  County,  was  transferred  from  Co.  F,  April 
26,  1862;  died  of  disease  at  Vicksburg,  July,  1862. 

C.  C.  DUKE,  Allen  County,  was    transferred  from  Co.  F,  April  26, 

1862.  Fought  at  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Rocky 
Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  was 
sent  sick  to  hospital,  July  21,  1864,  but  returned  in  the  autumn 
and  did  detail  service  till  the  close  of  the  war. 

T.  H.  FORD,  Simpson  County,  was  appointed  fourth  sergeant,  Nov. 
30,  1861.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and  Baton  Rouge. 

T.  M.  FISHER,  Allen  County,  was  transferred  from  Co.  F,  April  26, 
1862.  Fought  at  Vicksburg;  was  one  of  the  Infirmary  Corps  at 
the  battle  of  Baton  Rouge;  fought  at  Stone  River,  and  was 
killed  there. 

D.  H.  GIBSON,  Simpson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg.  Baton 

Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree  and 
Intrenchment  Creeks;  was  severely  wounded  at  the  latter  place, 
July  22,  1864,  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  enemy  and  afterward  died. 

JOHN  GAVIN,  Ireland,  fought  at  Shiloh  with  Co.  F,  and  was 
wounded  there;  was  transferred  to  Co.  I,  April  26,  1862;  was 
appointed  corporal,  June  4,  1862.  Fought  at  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  In 
trenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks  ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in 
all  the  mounted  engagements. 

J.  S.  GORDON,  Simpson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas  ;  was  severely  wounded  at  Dallas,  and  did  not 
•recover  to  take  part  in  the  subsequent  engagements. 

GERVAISD.  GRAINGER,  Simpson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh.  Vicks 
burg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky 
Face  Ridge,  and  Resaca.  He  was  wounded  at  Resaca  and  sent  to 
hospital,  but  returned  in  time  to  take  part  in  the  engagements  from 
Pine  Mountain  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy 
Creeks,  and  both  days  at  Jonesboro'.  He  was  captured  at  Jones 
boro',  Sept.  i,  1864,  but  escaped,  and  went  into  Kentucky,  where 
he  was  again  captured,  and  while  in  custody,  under  orders  of  Bur- 
bridge,  he  was  twice  subjected  to  casting  lots  for  the  chance  of 
being  murdered  for  outrages  said  to  have  been  committed  by  guer 
rillas,  but  was  fortunate  every  time,  and  was  finally  released.  (See 
page  274.) 

A.  S.  GRAINGER,  Simpson  County,  was  appointed  third  corporal, 
June  4,  1862  ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  and  Resaca  ; 
was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  May  14,  1864. 


800  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

J.  R.  GORDON,  Simpson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga.  Died  of  disease,  March, 
1864. 

JESSE  E.  GRIFFIN,  Allen  County,  was  first  corporal  of  Co.  F,  and 
fought  with  that  company  at  Shiloh  ;  was  transferred  to  Co.  I, 
April  26,  1862  ;  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas; 
from  Dallas  to  Atlanta  ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy 
Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engage 
ments. 

JOHN  GREGORY,  Barren  County,  fought  with  Co.  F  at  Shiloh, 
where  he  was  seriously  wounded  in  the  arm,  April  7,  1862  ;  was 
transferred  to  Co.  I,  April  26;  was  shortly  afterward  discharged 
on  account  of  disability  by  wound. 

JOHN  HOPE,  Simpson  County,  was  appointed  third  corporal,  Nov. 
30,  1861  ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  where  he  was  wounded;  fought  also 
at  Vicksburg  and  Baton  Rouge.  Died  of  disease  at  Jackson,  Miss., 
1862. 

F.  M.  HAINES,  Allen  County,  was  transferred  from  Co.  F,  April  26, 
1862  ;  was  discharged  on  account  of  disability  by  disease,  Sept. 
1862. 

J.  \V.  HUNT,  Simpson  County,  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas;  was  wounded  in  a  skirmish  at  Lost  Mountain,  June  18, 
and  died  at  Milner  Hospital,  Aug.  21,  1864. 

W.  J.  HERRINGTON,  Simpson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicks 
burg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky 
Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at 
Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks  ;  was  wounded  and  captured 
at  the  latter  place,  July  22,  1864,  and  soon  afterward  died  in  a 
Federal  hospital. 

J.  B.  HOPKINS,  Simpson  County,  fought  at  different  points  with  the 
First  Arkansas  Infantry,  till  Jan.  i,  1864,  when  he  was  transferred 
to  Co.  I,  Sixth  Kentucky,  and  fought  with  it  at  Rocky  Face 
Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree, 
Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and 
in  the  mounted  engagements. 

D.  C.  HERRINGTON,  Simpson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh.  Died  at 
Corinth,  shortly  afterward. 

J.  J.  HAGAR,  Allen  County,  was  appointed  ordnance  sergeant,  Nov. 
ii,  1 86 1  ;  was  discharged,  November,  1862,  being  over  age. 

J.  D.  JENNETT,  Simpson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
and  Baton  Rouge;  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place;  fought  also 
at  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas.  During  the  cavalry  operations,  he  was  with 
the  dismounted  detachment. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  801 

THO.  A.  JONES,  Simpson  County,  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrench- 
ment  and  Utoy  Creeks,  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the 
mounted  engagements. 

WM.  C.  KYLE,  Simpson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face 
Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peach- 
tree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  both  days  at  Jonesboro', 
and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

ALEXANDER  LAWSON,  Allen  County,  fought  with  Co.  F  at 
Shiloh;  was  transferred  to  Co.  I,  April  26,  1862 ;  fought  at  Vicks 
burg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky 
Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at 
Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  both  days  at  Jones 
boro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements  from  Stockbridge  to  San- 
dersville,  where  he  was  captured,  and  did  not  return  in  time  to 
take  part  in  the  closing  operations.  He  was  appointed  first  cor 
poral  of  Co.  I,  June  4,  1862. 

H.  F.  McCUTCHEN,  Simpson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  and  Stone  River.  Was  discharged  by  substitute, 
April  8,  1863. 

JAMES  McCUTCHEN,  Simpson  County,  was  appointed  fifth  sergeant 
Nov.  30,  1861.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas;  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  May  28,  1864,  and 
disabled  for  further  service  during  the  war. 

JOHN  B.  McCREARY,  Simpson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicks 
burg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky 
Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at 
Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days  at  Jones 
boro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

THOMAS  H.  McFARLANE,  Allen  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  with 
Co.  F;  was  transferred  to  Co.  I,  April  26,  1862;  fought  at  Vicks 
burg  and  Baton  Rouge;  was  accidentally  wounded  at  Stone  River, 
and  long  disabled ;  fought  at  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment 
Creeks;  was  mortally  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  July  22,  and 
died  near  Atlanta,  Aug.  1864. 

JOHN  W.  McGARVEY,  Allen  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrench 
ment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  some  of 
the  mounted  engagements. 

J.  J.  MORTON,  Simpson  County,  was  left  sick  in  Kentucky,  Feb 
ruary,  1862,  but  rejoined  the  company  near  Baton  Rouge;  fought 
there,  and  was  wounded ;  fought  also  at  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  was 
killed  at  the  latter  place,  May  28,  1862. 


802  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

PHIL  W.  MILLER,  Simpson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face 
Ridge,  and  Resaca.  He  was  wounded  in  the  foot  at  Chicka 
mauga,  Sept.  20,  1863,  and  lost  an  arm  at  Resaca,  May  14,  1864. 

JOHN  W.  McGUIRE,  Simpson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  and  Stone  River ;  was  captured  at  the  latter  place 
and  shortly  afterward  died. 

T.  M.  NEWMAN,  Simpson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh;  was  with  a 
cavalry  command  during  the  siege  of  Vicksburg  and  battle  of 
Baton  Rouge ;  fought  at  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta; 
at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks  ;  both  days  at  Jones- 
boro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

CHARLES  W.  NEELEY,  Simpson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and 
was  wounded  there,  April  6,  1862. 

JAMES  H.  ODLE,  Barren  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  with  Co.  F;  was 
transferred  to  Co.  I,  April  26,  1862  ;  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree  and 
Intrenchment  Creeks;  was  badly  wounded  in  the  foot  at  the  latter 
place,  July  22,  1864,  but  recovered  sufficiently  to  take  part  in  all 
the  mounted  engagements. 

GEORGE  W.  PATTON,  Allen  County,  fought  with  Graves's  Light 
Artillery  at  Donelson,  and  was  captured  there ;  was  attached  to 
Co.  I,  September,  1862,  and  fought  at  Jackson,  Rocky  Face 
Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peach- 
tree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  was  wounded  at  Jones- 
boro',  Aug.  31,  1864,  but  recovered  to  take  part  in  the  mounted 
engagements  in  South  Carolina. 

FRANK  PORTER,  Allen  County,  fought  with  Co.  F  at  Shiloh  ;  was 
transferred  to  Co.  I,  April  26,  1862,  and  was  discharged,  Novem 
ber,  1862,  being  over  age. 

FOUNT  P.  RANDLE,  Sumner  County,  Tenn.,  was  appointed  second 
sergeant  of  Co.  F,  Nov.  19,  1861  ;  fought  with  Co.  F  at  Shiloh: 
was  transferred  to  Co.  I,  April  26,  1862  ;  was  appointed  third 
sergeant,  Co.  I,  May,  1861  ;  was  appointed  sergeant-major  of  the 
Sixth  Regiment,  Oct.  23,  1863.  Fought  at  Vicksburg,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga ;  after  the  latter  engagement, 
he  was  awarded  medal  of  honor  for  "  gallant  and  meritorious  con 
duct;"  fought  also  at  Rocky  Face  Ridge  and  Resaca;  was  again 
wounded  at  the  latter  place;  took  part  in  the  skirmish  engage 
ments  between  Dallas  and  Atlanta;  fought  at  Peachtree,  Intrench 
ment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  and  both  days  at  Jonesboro'.  During 
the  cavalry  operations  he  was  acting  adjutant  of  the  regiment,  and 
took  part  in  all  the  engagements. 

R.  B.  ROBINSON,  Simpson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
and  Baton  Rouge;  was  discharged,  November,  1862,  being 
under  age. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  803 

WILLIAM  H.  READ,  Allen  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  with  Co.  F; 
was  transferred  to  Co.  I,  April  26,  1862  ;  was  appointed  second 
corporal,  June  4,  1862;  promoted  to  third  sergeant,  November, 
1863.  Fought  at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  and  Stone  River; 
was  one  of  the  McMinnville  Guard,  and  was  captured  there;  re 
joined  the  company  in  August,  1863,  and  fought  at  Chickamauga, 
Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta; 
at  Peachtree,  Entrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days  at  Jones- 
boro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  slightly  wounded 
at  Chickamauga,  Sept.  20,  1863. 

OSCAR  E.  READ,  Louisville,  fought  at  Shiloh  with  Co.  F;  was 
transferred  to  CQ.  I,  April  26,  1862  ;  was  appointed  fourth  cor 
poral,  June  4,  1862  ;  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Jack 
son,  and  Chickamauga.  Died  of  disease,  in  Atlanta,  May  2, 
1864. 

GEORGE  D.  ROBEY,  Simpson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face 
Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  was  severely  wounded  at  the  latter 
place,  and  did  not  recover  to  take  part  in  the  closing  engage 
ments.  Died  in  Hillsboro,  Texas,  several  years  after  the  war. 

GIDEON  B.  RHODES,  Allen  County,  fought  with  Co.  F  at  Shiloh; 
was  transferred  to  Co.  I,  April  26,  1862,  and  died  of  disease  at 
Lauderdale  Springs,  Miss.,  during  the  summer. 

J.  RENFRO,  Allen  County,  fought  with  Co.  F  at  Shiloh,  and  with 
Co.  I  at  Vicksburg. 

JAMES  S.  ROBEY,  Simpson  County,  was  appointed  second  sergeant, 
Nov.  30,  1861 ;  was  promoted  to  first  sergeant,  June  4,  1862  ; 
fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from 
Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks; 
both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements  to 
March,  1864,  when  he  was  sent  into  Kentucky  on  recruiting 
service,  and  was  there  when  the  war  closed. 

ALLIE  SALMON,  Simpson  County,  was  appointed  first  sergeant, 
Nov.  30,  1 86 1 ;  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Vicksburg. 

TOM  J.  SIMMONS,  Franklin,  was  appointed  third  sergeant,  Nov.  30, 
1861. 

JOHN  C.  SMITH,  Ireland,  was  not  enlisted  till  April  i,  1863; 
fought  at  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment, 
and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  both  days  at  Jonesboro'.  After  the  com 
mand  was  mounted,  he  was  detailed  for  duty  in  hospitals. 

JAMES  STARKS,  Simpson  County,  belonged  to  a  Mississippi  regi 
ment,  but  escaped  capture  at  Donelson,  and  fought  with  this 
company  at  Shiloh,  and  remained  with  it  until  his  own  command 
was  exchanged. 

ALONZO  N.  THOMPSON,  Simpson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh, 
Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  and  Stone  River;  was  wounded  and 
permanently  disabled  at  the  latter  place,  Jan.  2,  1863. 


804  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

JAMES  VENABLE,  Simpson  County,  fought  at  Vicksburg  and  Baton 
Rouge. 

JOHN  H.  WALKER,  Allen  County,  fought  with  Co.  F  at  Shiloh, 
where  he  was  slightly  wounded ;  was  transferred  to  Co.  I,  April 
26,  1862;  was  appointed  second  sergeant,  June  4,  1862;  fought  at 
Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta; 
at  Peachtree,  and  Intrenchment  Creeks ;  was  captured  at  the  lat 
ter  place,  July  22,  1864;  afterward  escaped,  but  did  not  reach 
the  command  in  time  to  participate  in  the  closing  engagements. 

SAMUEL  L.  WILSON,  Simpson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicks 
burg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky 
Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at 
Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days  at  Jones- 
boro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

G.  F.  WILSON,  Simpson  County,  was  appointed  fourth  corporal, 
Nov.  30,  1 86 1 ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was  wounded  there.  No 
other  facts  known  to  the  writer. 

J.  H.  WICKWARE,  Simpson  County,  was  discharged  on  account  of 
disability  by  disease,  September,  1862. 

MATT  WILLIAMS,  Allen  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  with  Co.  F ; 
was  transferred  to  Co.  I,  April  26,  1862;  fought  at  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face 
Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree, 
Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and 
in  the  mounted  engagements. 


COMPANY  K,  SIXTH  REGIMENT. 

This  company  was  informally  organized  on  October  8,  1861,  but 
never  completed  the  minimum  complement  of  men,  and  was,  there 
fore,  broken  up  when  reorganization  and  consolidation  of  companies 
took  place  at  Corinth.  The  company  went  through  the  battle  of  Shi 
loh  under  the  lead  of  its  own  officers ;  but  as  most  of  those  who 
fought  there  were  incorporated  with  Companies  A  and  B,  and  are  ac 
counted  for  with  them,  it  is  unnecessary  to  make  further  mention  of 
them  in  this  place  than  merely  to  record  their  names  as  among  those 
who  originally  composed  the  company.  About  forty  were  united  with 
different  companies  of  the  Sixth  Regiment ;  the  remaining  private  sol 
diers  were  transferred  to  other  commands  of  all  arms,  and  the  officers 
resigned  and  went  into  the  cavalry  service.  It  will  be  seen  by  a 
glance  at  the  following  names,  and  a  reference  to  accounts  of  A  and  B, 
that  some  of  the  most  excellent  soldiers  of  the  command  were  mem 
bers  of  this  company. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 


805 


OFFICERS. 


JOHN  G.  JONES,  Captain. 
JAMES  W.  JOHNSON,  First  Lieutenant. 
GEORGE  WALKER,  Second  Lieutenant. 
JOHN  R.  HINKLE,  Second  Lieutenant. 


NON-COMMISSIONED     OFFICERS. 

J.  W.  DABNEY,  First  Sergeant. 
ELIJAH  BASYE,  Second  Sergeant. 
WM.  T.  CAPLINGER,  Third  Sergeant. 
NAPOLEON  B.  GENTRY,  Fourth  Sergeant. 
WM.  C.  PRICE,  Fifth  Sergeant. 
A.  D.  HOPE,  First  Corporal. 
W.  B.  H.  FARMER,  Second  Corporal. 
WM.  HENTON,  Third  Corporal. 
W.  O.  DAVIDSON,  Fourth  Corporal. 


PRIVATES. 


James  Anderson. 
Thomas  Ashby. 
Marion  Ashby. 
J.  W.  Ashby. 
John  Brinby. 
S.  G.  Byers. 
L.  D.  Burton. 
D.  C.  Breckinridge. 
H.  B.  Coleman. 
Robert  F.  Cox. 
Stinson  Cox. 
John  H.  Chinn. 
John  H.  Coleman. 
John  F.  Davis. 
James  Donohue. 
John  B.  Gentry. 
T.  V.  Gentry. 
George  B.  Gibbon. 
James  Guthrie. 
Ross  Greer. 
M.  Elston  Hocker. 
Joseph  Helm. 
John  Henton. 


Wm.  Hagerman. 
Henry  Hedges. 
W.  G.  Harrison. 
W.  P.  Kelley. 
Wm.  Lyon. 
Wm.  Minor. 
David  McGrath. 
Joseph  Mclntire. 
H.  N.  Oliver. 
John  Peters. 
Wm.  Pearce. 
Walter  Pearce. 
Frelinghuysen  Paul. 
R.  S.  Payne. 
J.  F.  Sweazy. 
J.  V.  Sweazy. 
J.  G.  Sweazy. 
John  A.  Thomas. 
Wm.  Thompson. 
Henry  C.  Travis. 
Nat  Walford. 
Alexander  Wells. 
George  W.  Wells. 


806  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 


NINTH  REGIMENT. 


FIELD    AND    STAFF. 


It  will  be  seen  that  only  six  companies  of  this  regiment  are  regularly 
accounted  for  here.  In  the  temporary  organization,  which  was  effected 
before  the  battle  of  Shiloh,  there  were  eight  companies,  under  com 
mand  of  the  following  officers  :  John  W.  Caldwell,  John  C.  Wick- 
liffe,  William  Mitchell,  Ben  Desha,  George  A.  King,  James  T.  More- 
head,  Chris.  Bosche,  and  J.  R.  Bright.  After  the  battle  of  Shiloh,  at 
the  reorganization  which  had  been  ordered,  the  companies  of  More- 
head  were  thrown  together,  and  lettered  G,  with  Morehead  as  captain. 
A  number  of  men  who  had  belonged  to  Crews'  battalion  (which  was, 
at  that  time,  broken  up),  were  organized  into  a  company,  under  Capt. 
B.  A.  Fitzgerald,  and  attached  to  this  regiment,  with  the  title  of  F. 
There  were  thus,  though  some  changes  had  taken  place,  still  eight 
companies,  and  the  requisite  number  of  men  for  a  full  regiment. 

After  the  command  had  reached  Murfreesboro',  in  the  autumn  of 

1862,  the  newly-formed  companies  of  Captains  Jo  Desha  and  W.  D. 
Acton  (the  latter  commanded  by  First  Lieut.  John  T.  Gaines),  reported 
to  Col.  Hunt,  and  were  included  in  the  regiment  under  the  designa 
tions  of  I  and  K,  thus  making  the  full  compliment  of  ten  companies. 
Two  companies,  however  (E  and  F),   commanded  then  by  Captains 
W.    P.    Simpson    and  W.   B.   Powers,   respectively,    were  composed 
chiefly  of  Tennesseeans,  and  were  transferred,  about  this  time,  to  Col. 
Newman's  regiment,  Tennessee  infantry,  thus  again  reducing  the  regi 
ment  to  eight  companies.      A  still  further  reduction  took  place  in  May, 

1863,  when  Captains  Desha  and   Gaines   were  ordered  to  report  to 
Gen.  Preston,  at  Abingdon,   leaving  the   six  companies  only,  which 
are  included  in  the  following  pages.     The  reports  of  I  and  K  will  be 
found  in  connection  with  others  of  the  Fifth  Regiment.     It  is  impos 
sible  to  procure  material  for  a  full  account  of  the  Tennessee  companies 
and  they  are  omitted. 

THOMAS  H.  HUNT,  Lexington.      (See  biography.) 
JOHNW.  CALDWELL,  Russellville.     (See  biography.) 
JOHN  C.  WICKLIFFE,  Bardstown.     (See biography.) 

HENRY  W.  GRAY,  Louisville,  was  appointed  captain  and  assistant 
quartermaster,  September,  1861,  and  served  with  the  regiment 
till  February,  1862,  when  he  resigned. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  807 

J.  MORT  PERRY,  Russellville.     (See  Co.  A.) 
PHIL  VACARO,  Louisville.     (See  Co.  B.) 

WM.  BELL,  Louisville,  was  appointed  first  lieutenant  and  adjutant, 
October,  1861.  He  was  mortally  wounded  in  battle  at  Shiloh, 
and  died  at  Memphis  shortly  afterward. 

JOHN  E.  PENDLETON,  Hartford.      (See  Medical  Officers.) 

ALFRED  SMITH,  Bardstown.  (See  Field  and  Staff,  Fourth  Regi 
ment.) 

WALTER  J.  BYRNE,  Russellville,  was  appointed  surgeon,  Nov.  26, 
1862,  and  assigned  to  duty  with  this  regiment.  (See  Medical  Offi 
cers.) 

B.  L.  HESTER,  North  Carolina,  was  appointed  assistant  surgeon,  Oct. 
i,  1862.  He  was  assigned  to  temporary  duty  with  the  Sixth  Reg 
iment,  December,  1863,  and  remained  with  it  till  April,  1864, 
when  he  was  assigned  to  the  Ninth,  and  served  with  it  till  the 
close  of  the  war. 

JOHN  H.  BRYSON,  Tennessee,  was  appointed  chaplain  of  Crews' 
battalion,  March  25,  1862.  When  the  battalion  was  broken 
up,  he  was  assigned  to  this  regiment,  with  which  he  was  con 
nected  till  the  spring  of  1863,  when  he  was  assigned  to  duty  in 
hospitals. 

W.  D.  CHIPLEY,  Louisville,  was  appointed  sergeant-major,  Octo 
ber,  1 86 1,  and  served  in  that  capacity  till  the  fall  of  Lieut.  Curd, 
acting  adjutant,  when  he  was  recommended  to  the  Department  of 
War,  and  was  appointed  first  lieutenant  and  adjutant,  to  rank 
from  March  i,  1863.  He  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was  wounded 
there.  He  returned  to  the  command  at  Corinth,  but  was  there 
accidentally  wounded,  and  disabled  until  autumn  ;  after  which  he 
fought  at  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga,  and,»at  the 
latter  place,  was  wounded  again.  He  fought  on  the  campaign 
from  Dalton,  at  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca ;  from  Dallas  to 
Atlanta ;  and  at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks.  At  the 
latter  place,  July  22,  1864,  he  was  captured,  and  was  not  ex 
changed  in  time  to  take  part  in  the  subsequent  engagements.  He 
was  appointed,  Aug,  29,  1863,  by  Gov.  Richard  Hawes,  "  com 
missioner  aed  agent  for  the  State  of  Kentucky,  for  the  purpose  of 
collecting,  arranging,  and  perpetuating  the  names,  rank,  services, 
casualties,  etc.,  of  the  native  born  and  citizens  of  Kentucky  who 
have  entered  into  the  service  of  the  Confederate  States,"  and  suc 
ceeded  in  collecting  a  large  amount  of  valuable  material  of  that 
nature  (though  he  maintained  his  place  and  did  service  in  his  reg 
iment  meanwhile),  all  of  which  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  Federal 
force  that  occupied  Augusta  after  the  surrender. 


808  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 


COMPANY  A,  NINTH  REGIMENT. 

JOHN  W.  CALDWELL,  Russellville.      (See  biography.) 

J.  MORT  PERRY,  Russellville,  was  elected  first  lieutenant,  Sept. 
22,  1861;  again  elected  to  the  same  position  at  the  reorganiza 
tion,  May  14,  1862  ;  was  assigned  to  duty  in  the  quartermaster's 
department,  April  17,  1862,  and  soon  after  promoted  to  be  cap 
tain  and  A.  Q.  M.  He  fought  at  Shiloh,  but  was  afterward  con 
fined  to  the  legitimate  duties  of  his  office  till  the  close.  Died  in 
Louisville,  April,  1885. 

JOHN  W.  GILLUM,  Logan  County,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
Sept.  22,  1 86 1,  and  was  elected  captain  at  the  reorganization, 
May  14,  1862.  He  took  part  in  all  the  principal  engagements  of 
his  company,  and  was  wounded  at  Intrenchment  Creek,  July  22, 
1864. 

W.  L.  HARDING,  Logan  County,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
Sept.  22,  1861.  Fought  at  Shiloh.  Resigned,  May,  1862. 

THOMAS  A.  McLEAN,  Logan  County,  was  appointed  first  sergeant, 
Sept.  22,  1861;  was  elected  first  lieutenant,  May,  1862.  He 
fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
and  Resaca,  and  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  May  14,  1864. 

O.  J.  RHEA,  Logan  County,  was  appointed  second  sergeant,  Sep 
tember  22,  1 86 1,  and  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh,  April  6, 
1862. 

GABE  LEWIS,  Russellville,  was  appointed  third  sergeant,  Sept.  22, 

1861,  and  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  May  14,  1862.   He  took 

•part  in  most  of  the   engagements  of  his   company ;  was  wounded 

at  Stone  River,  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  enemy,   and  was  some 

time  in  prison. 

DANIEL  SAFFRANS,  Logan  County,  was  appointed  fourth  ser 
geant,  Sept.  22,  1861.  and  was  transferred  to  Biggs's  cavalry,  Feb. 
20,  1862. 

GEORGE  SMALL,  Logan  County,  was  appointed  fifth  sergeant, 
Sept.  22,  1861,  and  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh,  April  6,  1862. 

A.  CASEY,  Logan  County,  was  appointed  first  corporal,  Sept.  22, 
1861;  and  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh,  April  6,  1862. 

JOHN  H.  CALDWELL,  Russellville,  was  appointed  second  cor 
poral,  Sept.  22,  1 86 1 ;  fought  at  Shiloh;  was  appointed  ordnance 
sergeant  soon  afterward,  and  was  engaged  in  that  capacity  during 
the  remainder  of  the  war. 

SAMUEL  RYAN,  Logan  County,  was  appointed  third  corporal, 
Sept.  22,  1 86 1.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was  wounded  there; 
and  was  discharged,  November,  1862,  on  account  of  disability  by 
wound. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  809 

OSCAR  HARDAWAY,  Logan  County,  was  appointed  fourth  cor 
poral,  Sept.  22,  1861,  and  was  afterward  promoted  to  fifth  ser 
geant.  He  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Harts- 
ville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca;  from  Resaca  to  Atlanta;  and  at 
Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks.  He  was  killed  at  the  latter 
place,  July  22,  1864. 

E.  ALLISON,  Logan  County,  was  transferred  from  the  Eighteenth 
Tennessee  Infantry,  October,  1862;  fought  at  Stone  River;  died 
of  disease  at  Wartrace,  Tenn.,  May  15,  1863. 

GEORGE  R.  BEALL,  Logan  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  and  Resaca;  from  Resaca  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  In 
trenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in 
the  mounted  engagements. 

GEORGE  M.  BIBB,  Logan  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca;  from  Resaca  to 
Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both 
days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  He  was 
wounded  at  Intrenchment  Creek,  July  22,  1864. 

BENJAMIN  F.  BUTLER,  Logan  County,  was  appointed  a  corporal 
of  the  company  in  1862  ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga,  and 
was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  Sept.  20,  1863. 

HENRY  BARKER,  Logan  County,  was  at  one  time  a  sergeant  of 
the  company;  fought  in  nearly  all  the  engagements  to  the  close, 
and  was  wounded  at  Shiloh  and  at  Resaca. 

THOMAS  CALDWELL,  Russellville,  was  a  boy-hero,  being  but  six 
teen  years  old  when  he  went  into  the  battle  of  Shiloh,  and  was 
killed  there. 

JOHN  CHASTAIN,  Logan  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca;  from  Resaca  to 
Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days 
at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

BOONE  CHASTAIN,  Logan  County,  was  in  most  of  the  engage 
ments  of  his  company,  and  was  wounded  at  Peachtree  Creek, 
July  20,  1864. 

JESSE  CORNELIUS,  Logan  County,  fought  in  nearly  every  en 
gagement  of  his  company  up  to  Jonesboro' ;  was  wounded  at 
Shiloh,  Dallas,  and  Jonesboro',  mortally  at  the  latter  place,  and 
died  shortly  afterward,  at  Griffin,  Ga. 

"W.  E.  CLARKE,  Logan  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was  wounded 
there;  was  discharged  at  Stone  River,  November,  1862;  reen- 
listed  in  November,  1863  ;  fought  in  nearly  all  subsequent  battles, 
and  was  wounded  at  Intrenchment  Creek,  July  22,  1864. 


810  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

J.  A.  CHESTNUTT,  Logan  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh, 
April  6,  1862. 

GEORGE  COR  BIN,  Logan  County,  fought  in  most  of  the  engage 
ments  up  to  Stone  River,  where  he  was  mortally  wounded.  He 
died,  near  Manchester,  shortly  afterward. 

C.  COLEMAN,  Logan  County,  was  wounded  in  battle  at  Shiloh,  and 

disabled.      He  was  soon  afterward  discharged. 

E.  E.  DUNN,  Logan  County,  was  one  of  the  corporals  of  the  com 
pany,  and  took  part  in  nearly  all  the  battles.  He  was  wounded 
at  Chickamauga  and  Peachtree  Creek,  and  was  killed  at  Jones- 
boro'. 

JOHN  DUNN,  Logan  County,  was  one  of  the  corporals  of  the  com 
pany.  He  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga;  was  killed  at  the  latter 
place ;  and  was  awarded  medal  of  honor  for  gallant  and  meritori 
ous  conduct. 

GEORGE  DOYLE,  Logan  County,  was  in  most  of  the  engagements 
of  his  company  until  April,  1865,  when  he  was  captured  by  some 
of  Potter's  negro  troops,  near  Statesburg,  S.  C.,  and  murdered. 

JOHN  W.  EDMONSON,  Logan  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicks 
burg,  Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River;  was  one  of  the 
McMinnville  Guards,  March  and  April,  1863  ;  fought  afterward 
at  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and 
Resaca.  He  was  wounded  at  Chickamauga,  and  was  killed  at 
Resaca. 

W.  C.  EDMONSON,  Logan  County,  took  part  in  nearly  all  the  en 
gagements,  and  was  wounded  at  Chickamauga  and  at  Pine 
Mountain. 

D.  EDMONSON,  Logan  County,  was  discharged  at  Murfreesboro', 

Tenn. 

B.  FOURQUERAN,  Logan  County,  participated  in  most  of  the  en 
gagements,  and  was  wounded  at  Jonesboro'. 

JOHN  M.  FRANCE,  Logan  County,  was  in  most  of  the  battles  up 
to  Resaca,  where  he  was  killed,  May  14,  1864. 

J.  B.  FINCH,  Logan  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca;  from  Resaca  to  At 
lanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  at  Jones 
boro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  wounded  at 
Resaca  and  at  Intrenchment  Creek. 

JAMES  G.  FOULKS,  Logan  County,  took  part  in  nearly  all  the 
engagements  of  the  regiment;  was  appointed  ensign  in  1864; 
was  wounded  at  Intrenchment  Creek,  July  22,  1864. 

AVILEY  P.  FLETCHER,  Logan  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was 
wounded  there ;  fought  also  at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Harts 
ville,  Stone  River,  and  Jackson,  and  was  captured  at  the  latter 
place,  July,  1863. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  811 

JOHN  H.  FUQUA,  Logan  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chicka- 
mauga.  He  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  September  20,  1863. 

PLEASANT  L.  FAULKNER,  Logan  County,  was  wounded  in  bat 
tle  at  Shiloh  and  disabled,  and  was  soon  afterward  discharged. 

WM.  H.  GRUBBS,  Logan  County,  was  in  most  of  the  engagements  of 
the  company. 

SAMUEL  GRUBBS,  Logan  County,  was  wounded  in  battle  at  Shi 
loh  and  disabled,  and  was  soon  afterward  discharged ;  but  in 
1864,  having  measurably  recovered,  he  reenlisted  and  took  part 
in  the  subsequent  engagements. 

T.  E.  GILLUM,  Logan  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca;  from  Resaca  to  Atlanta; 
at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  at  Jonesboro', 
and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  wounded  at  Resaca. 

W.  H.  GILLUM,  Logan  County,  was  usually  employed  in  various 
detail  service  for  the  regiment. 

D.  W.  GRINTER,  Logan  County,  was  in  most  of  the  engagements 
of  the  company  to  the  last,  and  was  wounded  at  Resaca. 

H.  C.  GRAHAM,  Logan  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky 
Face  Ridge,  and  Resaca;  from  Resaca  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree, 
Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in 
the  engagements  of  the  mounted  infantry. 

CHARLES  GORHAM,  Logan  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca ;  from  Resaca  to 
Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  at 
Jonesboro'.  He  was  killed  at  the  latter  place. 

W.  F.  HENRY,  Logan  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca;  from  Resaca  to  Atlanta; 
and  at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks.  He  was  captured  at 
the  latter  place,  and  did  not  return  in  time  to  take  part  in  the 
closing  engagements. 

MOSES  H.  HESTER,  Logan  County,  took  part  in  most  of  the  en 
gagements  of  his  company,  and  was  wounded  at  Peachtree  Creek, 
July  20,  1864 

G.  M.  D.  HESTER,  Logan  County,  was  wounded  in  battle  at  Shi 
loh,  and  disabled,  in  consequence  of  which  he  was  soon  after 
ward  discharged. 

DAVID  HERRING,  Logan  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
and  Mission  Ridge. 

ISAAC  HUNTER,  Logan  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Hartsville,  and  Stone  River. 


812  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

GEORGE  HARPER,  Logan  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chicka- 
mauga,  and  shortly  after  the  latter  engagement,  he  died  of  dis 
ease  at  Dalton. 

SAMUEL  HOBBS,  was  enlisted  at  Augusta,  Ga.,  in  the  autumn  of 
1864,  and  took  part  in  all  the  subsequent  engagements. 

R.  M.  HOG  AN,  Logan  County,  took  part  in  nearly  all  the  engage 
ments,  and  was  wounded  at  Resaca. 

W.  T.  HARBISON,  Logan  County,  was  discharged,  November, 
1862,  being  under  age. 

URIAH  JOHNSON,  Logan  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh, 
April  6,  1862. 

WILLIAM  KING,  Logan  County,  participated  in  most  of  the  en 
gagements  up  to  Resaca,  and  was  killed  there,  May  14,  1864. 

GEORGE  KING,  Logan  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was  wounded 
there. 

E.  T.  KIRKMAN,  Logan  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca;  from  Resaca  to 
Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  at  Jones- 
boro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  one  of  the  Mc- 
Minnville  Guard,  March  and  April,  1863,  and  was  wounded  at 
Resaca,  May  14,  1864. 

GEORGE  KENNERLY,  Logan  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shi 
loh,  April  6,  1862. 

CHARLIE  LOFTLAND,  Logan  County,  was  not  a  member  of  the 
company,  but  fought  with  it  at  Shiloh,  and  was  wounded  there. 

THOMAS  LYLE,  Logan  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh,  April 
6,  1862. 

WM.  LYLE,  Logan  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and  Baton 
Rouge;  and  was  discharged  in  November,  1862. 

ROBERT  LYLE,  Logan  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  aad  Chickamauga.  He 
was  wounded  at  Chickamauga. 

WM.  H.  LAWRENCE,  Logan  County,  was  one  of  the  sergeants  of 
the  company,  and  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge, 
Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca;  from  Resaca  to  Atlanta;  at 
Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  at  Jonesboro',  and 
in  the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  wounded  at  Shiloh,  April 
6,  1862. 

WM.  L YON,  Logan  County,  was  discharged,  November,  1862,  being 
under  age. 

JAMES  M.  MATLOCK,  Logan  County,  was  sent  to  hospital  in  Jack 
son,  Miss.,  1862,  and  is  supposed  to  have  died  there. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN*  BRIGADE.  813 

[AMES  R.  MCALLEN,  Logan  County,  was  appointed  second  ser 
geant,  May  1 6,  1862,  and  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  Jan.  20, 
1864.  He  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  and  Resaca;  from  Resaca  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  In- 
trenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in 
all  the  mounted  engagements. 

L.  W.  C.  MASON,  Logan  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Hartville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca ;  from  Resaca  to  Atlanta ; 
at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks  ;  at  Jonesboro',  and 
and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  wounded  at  Shiloh 
and  at  Chickamauga. 

THOMAS  MASON,  Logan  County,  was  discharged  on  account  of 
disability  by  disease,  January,  1862. 

MARCUS  MARRS,  Logan  County,  was  discharged,  November, 
1862,  being  under  age. 

1  MUIR,  Logan  County.  No  facts  as  to  his  service  known  to  the 
writer.  Killed  himself  in  Todd  County,  April  3,  1872. 

T.  W.  NEELY.  Logan  County,  was  discharged  on  account  of  disa 
bility  by  disease. 

<>EORGE  T.  PRICE,  Logan  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  :  was  shortly 
afterward  appointed  wagonmaster :  was  detailed,  April  16,  1864, 
as  foragemaster  for  Bates'  division,  and  was  generally  employed 
in  various  detail  duty  of  this  description  throughout  the  war. 

'V*.  H.  PRICE,  Logan  County,  was  usually  employed  as  a  teamster 
for  the  regiment. 

ALBERT  PRICE,  Logan  County,  died  of  disease,  January,  1862. 

JOSEPH  PAGE,  Logan  County,  was  transferred  from  the  Eighth 
Kentucky  Infantry,  1862,  and  died  of  disease,  some  time  after 
ward,  at  Dalton,  Ga. 

J.  W.  PALMER,  Logan  County,  was  transferred  to  a  Tennessee  reg 
iment  in  the  spring  of  1862. 

I  RANK  G.  PATTERSON,  Logan  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and 
died  of  disease,  some  time  afterward,  at  Meridian,  Miss. 

JOHN  PILLOW,  Logan  County,  was  another  heroic  boy,  and  was 
killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh,  being  but  seventeen  years  of  age. 

JOSEPH  S.  RICHARDSON,  Logan  County,  was  disabled  by  wound 
received  in  battle  at  Shiloh,  and  was  discharged  shortly  afterward. 

JOSHUA  N.  RICKMAN,  Logan  County,  was  in  some  of  the  en 
gagements  prior  to  November,  1862. 

J .  RUST,  Logan  County,  served  with  Co.  F,  Eleventh  Tennessee  In 
fantry,  till  Aprils,  J864.  when  he  was  transferred  to  this  com 
pany,  and  fought  with  it  at  Rocky  Face  Gap  and  Resaca :  was 
mortally  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  and  died  a  short  time  after- 
Mid. 


814  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

BLAKEY  RYAN,  Logan  County,  was  disabled  by  wound  received 
at  Shiloh,  and  was  discharged;  but  after  having  recovered  some 
what,  he  joined  Morgan's  cavalry,  and  did  service  with  that  com 
mand. 

W.  H.  RUST,  Logan  County,  served  with  Co.  F,  Eleventh  Tennes 
see  Infantry,  till  April  24,  1864,  when  he  was  transferred  to  this 
company,  and  took  part  in  its  subsequent  engagements.  He  was 
wounded  at  Intrenchment  Creek,  July  22,  1864. 

J.  L.  SIMMONS,  Logan  County,  took  part  in  some  of  the  engage 
ments,  but  was  usually  employed  as  teamster,  and  on  various 
other  detail  service. 

JOHN  W.  SIMMONS,  Logan  County,  died  of  disease  at  Jackson, 
Miss.,  1862.  He  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was  wounded  there. 

T.  B.  SMALL,  Logan  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca;  from  Resaca  to  Atlanta; 
at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days  at 
Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  wounded 
at  Resaca. 

JOHN  E.  SMALL,  Logan  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca;  from  Resaca 
to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both 
days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements;  and  was 
once  wounded. 

ROBERT  E.  SMALL,  Logan  County,  was  disabled  by  wound  re 
ceived  at  Shiloh,  and  was  soon  afterward  discharged. 

SIDNEY  SMALL,  Logan  County,  fought  at  Shiloh;  was  afterward 
discharged  on  account  of  disability  by  disease,  and  died  in  a 
short  time. 

W.  W.  SMITH,  Logan  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh,  April 
6,  1862. 

CHARLIE  SMITH,  Logan  County,  was  transferred  from  the  Eighth 
Kentucky  Infantry  some  time  during  the  year  1862,  and  took  part 
in  all  the  subsequent  engagements  of  the  company. 

GEORGE  B.  STARLING,  Hopkinsville,  took  part  with  this  com 
pany  in  some  of  the  earlier  engagements,  and  was  transferred, 
Dec.  15,  1863,  to  Martin's  artillery. 

W.  H.  WATERS,  Logan  County,  died  of  disease  at  Bowling  Green, 
soon  after  having  enlisted. 

J.  G.  WAKEFIELD,  Logan  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson, Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca ;  from  Resaca  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peach- 
tree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro', 
and  in  the  mounted  engagements,  and  was  never  wounded.  He 
was  awarded  medal  of  honor  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct 
at  Stone  River. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  815 

W.  C.  WALKER,  Logan  County,  participated  in  nearly  all  the 
engagements  of  the  company,  and  was  wounded  at  Resaca. 

ST.  CLAIR  WALKER,  Logan  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shi- 
loh,  April  6,  1862. 

T.  P.  WIMMS,  Logan  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was  wounded 
there ;  fought  also  at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  and  Hartsville ; 
was  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  and  fell  into  the  hands  of  the 
enemy.  He  rejoined  the  company  after  having  been  exchanged, 
and  fought  at  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Kenesaw  Mountain.  He  was  wounded  at  the 
latter  place,  June,  1864,  and  died  in  Atlanta  shortly  afterward. 

BEN  WHITE,  Logan  County,  participated  in  most  of  the  engage 
ments  of  his  company,  and  was  wounded  at  Peachtree  Creek, 
July  20,  1864. 

WM.  WHITESCAWER,  Logan  County,  is  supposed  to  have  died  of 
disease  at  Brandon,  Miss.,  some  time  in  1863. 

LESLIE  WAGGONER,  Russellville,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was  so 
badly  wounded  there  as  to  be  thought  disabled,  in  consequence  of 
which  he  was  discharged  soon  afterward.  Having  measurably  re 
covered,  however,  he  reenlisted  in  the  autumn,  and  was  elected 
second  lieutenant  on  Nov.  29,  1862.  He  fought  in  almost  every 
subsequent  battle  of  the  regiment,  and  was  again  wounded  at 
Chickamauga. 


COMPANY  B,  NINTH  REGIMENT. 

JOHN  C.  WICKLIFFE,  Bardstown.     (See  biography.) 

X.  A.  CROUCH,  Bardstown,  was  elected  first  lieutenant,  Oct.  2, 
1861,  and  was  promoted  to  captain,  June  10,  1862.  Fought  at 
Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca ;  after  which  he  was  un 
fitted  for  field  duty  by  ill  health,  but  recovered  and  took  part  in 
the  mounted  engagements. 

ij.  G.  SCHAUB,  Bardstown,  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  Oct.  2, 
1 86 1,  and  was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant,  June  10,  1862. 
Fought  at  Shiloh,  where  he  was  so  severely  wounded  in  the  arm 
as  to  be  disabled  for  further  service  during  the  war.  He  resigned, 
inconsequence,  March  6,  1863. 

JOE  BENEDICT,  Louisville,  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  Oct.  2, 
1 86 1,  and  was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant,  March  6,  1863. 
Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  and  Jack 
son.  He  was  aide-de-camp  to  Gen.  Hanson,  November  and  De 
cember,  1862,  and  during  the  battle  of  Stone  River;  and  was  also 
aide  to  Col.  Hunt  during  the  time  he  commanded  the  brigade, 
1863.  He  resigned  on  account  of  ill  health,  Dec.  8,  1863.  He 
afterward  joined  Morgan's  cavalry,  and  served  with  it.  Died  sud 
denly  in  New  Orleans,  Nov.  n,  1895. 


816  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

D.  W.  HOLTSHOUSER,  Bardstown,  was  appointed  first  sergeant, 
Oct.  2,  1 86 1,  and  was  appointed  second  lieutenant,  June  10,  1862. 
Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville,  and  Stone 
River.  Was  transferred  to  Co.  C,  Second  Kentucky  Cavalry, 
March,  1863.  Was  killed  at  his  father's  house  in  Nelson  County, 
March  22,  1873. 

THOMAS  H.  ELLIS,  Bardstown,  was  appointed  third  sergeant,  Oct. 
2,  1861;  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  Feb.  27,  1863;  and  was 
promoted  to  first  lieutenant,  Dec.  8,  1863.  Fought  at  Shiloh, 
Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chick- 
amauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca ;  from  Dal 
las  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks; 
both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  all  the  mounted  engagements. 
He  was  wounded  at  Chickamauga  and  Intrenchment  Creek. 

JOHN  C.  APPLEGATE,  Bardstown,  was  appointed  fourth  sergeant, 
Oct.  2,  1861 ;  and  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  June  30,  1863. 
Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and 
Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  en 
gagements. 

GEO.  R.  MATTINGLY,  Bardstown,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
Jan.  8,  1864.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  In 
trenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  and  in  all  the  mounted  engage 
ments.  He  was  one  of  the  McMinnville  Guard,  1863. 

WTM.  AMBROSE,  Bardstown,  was  appointed  fifth  sergeant,  Oct.  2, 
1 86 1.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas.  At  Pine  Mountain,  June,  1864,  he 
was  placed  on  the  corps  of  sharpshooters,  and  served  in  that  ca 
pacity  till  the  command  was  mounted — fighting  almost  daily  from 
Pine  Mountain  to  Atlanta;  then  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and 
Utoy  Creeks,  and  at  Jonesboro'.  In  the  autumn  of  1864,  he  was 
one  of  Buchanan's  party  of  scouts,  but  took  part  in  the  mounted 
operations  in  South  Carolina.  He  was  wounded  at  Shiloh,  April 
7,  1862. 

GEORGE  AMBROSE,  Bardstown,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  Dallas,  and  Pine 
Mountain,  after  which  he  was  disabled,  by  ill  health,  for  further 
service  during  the  war.  Died  at  home  some  years  after  the  war. 

JASPER  ANDERSON,  Bardstown,  was  appointed  fourth  sergeant, 
Jan.  8,  1864.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Harts 
ville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga;  was  wounded  at 
the  latter  place;  fought  also  at  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  was  wounded  at  Pine  Mountain; 
fought  also  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both 
days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  817 

IGNATIUS  ALVEY,  Bardstown,  died  of  disease  at  Bowling  Green, 
February,  1862. 

CHARLES  APPLEGATE,  Bardstown,  fought  at  Hartsville,  and  died 
of  disease  at  Ringgold,  Ga. ,  June  24,  1863. 

ISAAC  BRYANT,  Bardstown,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to 
Atlanta;  at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks,  and  was  so  badly 
wounded  at  the  latter  place  as  to  be  disabled  for  further  service 
during  the  war. 

JAMES  BURBA,  Nelson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  was  wounded  at 
the  latter  place,  but  fought  afterward  at  Kenesaw  Mountain, 
Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks,  Jonesboro',  and  in  the 
mounted  engagements.  Died  at  home  some  years  after  the  war. 

H.  C.  BEULMEUR,  Bardstown,  was  left  sick  at  Nashville,  Febru 
ary,  1862,  and  was  discharged  on  account  of  disability  by  dis 
ease. 

JAMES  BEMISS,  Bloomfield,  was  employed  in  the  medical  depart 
ment,  but  was  present  on  all  the  battlefields,  and  did  good  serv 
ice  in  his  capacity. 

A.  BLACKSHEAR,  Savannah,  Tenn.,  was  transferred  from  Crews' 
battalion,  May,  1862;  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Stone  River,  and 
Jackson ;  was  awarded  medal  of  honor  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
conduct  at  Stone  River.  He  was  transferred  to  a  Tennessee  reg 
iment  some  time  in  1863. 

W.  S.  BARNETT,  Savannah,  Tenn.,  was  transferred  from  Crews' 
battalion,  May,  1862;  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Stone  River,  and 
Jackson,  and  was  transferred  to  a  Tennessee  regiment  some  time 
in  1863. 

TYLER  BALLARI),  Marion  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh, 
April  6,  1862. 

THOMAS  BRENT,  Louisville,  was  transferred  to  Morgan's  cavalry 
in  the  autumn  of  1861. 

CHARLES  CECIL,  Marion  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from 
Dallas  to  Atlanta,  and  at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks.  He 
was  wounded  in  the  latter  engagement,  July  22,  1864,  and  disabled 
for. further  service  during  the  war. 

L.  M.  CANNON,  Savannah,  Tenn.,  was  transferred  from  Crews'  bat 
talion,  May,  1862;  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas 
to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks,  and  was 
wounded  at  the  latter  place,  but  recovered  and  took  part  in  the 
mounted  engagements. 

52 


818  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

JAMES  CRUTCHFIELD,  Louisville,  was  made  an  orderly  for  Gen. 
Breckinridge,  and  served  with  him  and  other  general  officers  dur 
ing  the  war. 

DAVID  W.  CARUTH,  Louisville,  was  appointed  third  corporal,  Oct. 
2,  1 86 1,  and  was  promoted  to  second  sergeant,  Jan.  8,  1864; 
fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jack 
son,  Mission  Ridge;  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  Nov.  25, 
1863;  fought  also  at  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from 
Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks; 
at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

JAMES  S.  CARPENTER,  Bardstown,  was  ordered  at  Bowling 
Green,  1861,  to  report  for  special  duty  to  Gen.  Sidney  Johnston's 
chief  commissary,  with  whom  he  remained  until  after  the  battle  of 
Shiloh.  Was  then  assigned  to  duty  in  the  commissary  depart 
ment  at  Demopolis,  Ala.,  and  was  actively  engaged  there  till  the 
spring  of  1865  in  the  work  of  subsisting  various  troops.  He  was 
captured,  April  3,  1865  (his  wedding  night),  while  at  Tuscaloosa 
on  a  furlough,  but  was  exchanged  four  days  afterward — the  final 
surrender  of  all  coming  a  few  weeks  subsequently. 

JOHN  DRURY,  Bardstown,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree, 
Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  at  Jonesboro',  both  days,  and  in 
the  mounted  engagements. 

AL  DURBIN,  Bardstown,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas; 
from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the 
mounted  engagements. 

H.  D.  DOUGHERTY,  Kentucky,  was  captured  at  Whippoorwill 
Bridge,  November,  1861,  and  was  never  again  heard  from. 

E.   C.   DANCER,   Purdy,  Tenn.,  was  transferred  from  Crews'  bat 
talion,  May,  1862;  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta,  and 
Oli  at  Utoy  Creek.      He  was  wounded  at  Chickamauga  and  at  Utoy 
operaticfer"^6  latter  wound  disabling  him  for  further  duty  during  the 
7,  1862. 

GEORGE  AMBROSE/ouisv^e>  was  appointed  second  sergeant,  Oct.  2, 
Baton  Rouge,  Hartsvil  in  battle  at  Shiloh,  April  7,  1862. 
Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  jville,  was  transferred,  November,  1861,  to 
Mountain,  after  which  he  wiVirginia,  and  promoted  to  the  rank  of 
service  during  the  war.  Dieahe  staff  of  Gen.  McLaws,  in  which 
JASPER  ANDERSON,  Bardstown/  war- 

Jan.  8,  1864.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  v  appointed  quartermaster-sergeant, 
ville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Cat  capacity  with  the  regiment  until 
the  latter  place;  fought  also  at  Re 

Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta •  was    ™fi  •  -n  -n  -j        XT 

frmn-^f  oic.^    4-  T>       I,.  '    ,          Whippoorwill  Bridge,  Novem- 

davfat  or,; h  *  T'  In,trenchme'-t  year,  and  rejoined  the  corn- 
days  at  Jonesboro  ,  and  m  the  mountecj  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River, 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  819 

Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment, 
and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  en 
gagements. 

JOHN  GATES,  Nelson  County,  was  discharged  on  account  of  disa 
bility  by  disease,  December,  1862  ;  but  afterward  joined  Morgan's 
cavalry,  and  served  till  the  close  of  the  war.  Died  at  home  some 
years  after  the  war. 

FRANCIS  A.  GERVERS,  France,  was  disabled  by  disease  for  duty 
in  the  ranks,  and  was  detailed,  soon  after  having  enlisted,  as  cleric 
in  the  department  of  engineers,  and  served  as  such  till  the  war 
terminated. 

JOHN  W.  GREEN,  Louisville,  fought  at  Shiloh,  where,  on  the  first 
day  of  the  battle,  he  received  a  severe  wound  in  the  head,  but 
would  not  leave  the  ranks ;  on  the  second  day  he  was  again 
wounded,  but  continued  at  his  post.  Col.  Hunt  appointed  him 
corporal  in  recognition  of  his  gallantry  in  this  field.  Fought  at 
Vicksburg,  where  he  was  color  corporal;  also  at  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  In 
trenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in 
the  mounted  engagements.  He  missed  but  the  one  engagement, 
that  at  Baton  Rouge,  being  then  severely  ill  and  in  hospital.  He 
was  sergeant-major  of  the  regiment  from  April,  1863.  (See  Inci 
dents  and  Anecdotes  after  account  of  Jonesboro'.) 

NORBORNE  G.  GRAY,  Louisville,  was  placed  by  his  father  in  a 
military  academy  at  the  beginning  of  the  war,  but  left  it  as  soon 
as  opportunity  offered,  and  enlisted  in  this  company,  November, 
1862.  He  fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chick 
amauga,  and  was  dangerously  wounded  at  the  latter  place.  He 
was  appointed  second  lieutenant,  Feb.  20,  1864,  on  account  of 
gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  at  Chickamauga,  and  after  having 
measurably  recovered,  July,  1864,  he  reported  to  Colonel  Chest- 
nutt,  at  Columbia,  S.  C.,  who  assigned  him  to  duty  as  dnllmaster 
of  conscripts.  He  was  afterward  assigned  to  duty  on  the  staff  of 
Gen.  Hodge  as  A.  I.  G.,  in  which  capacity  he  served  about  two 
months.  He  was  then  ordered  to  Mobile  for  post  duty  with  Col. 
Tom  Taylor,  and  remained  there  till  the  war  closed. 

ED  HAGAN,  Marion  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to 
Atlanta;  af  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks,  and  at  Jones 
boro'.  He  was  wounded  in  an  arm  at  Chickamauga,  and  lost  an 
arm  at  Jonesboro'. 

J.  C.  HOLTSHOUSER,  Nelson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicks 
burg,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca,  Dallas,  and  Kenesaw  Mountain  ;  was  wounded 
at  the  latter  place,  July  2,  1864,  but  recovered  and  participated 
in  the  mounted  engagements. 


820  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

JAMES  HUNTER,  Bardstown,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga,  and  was  killed  at  the  latter 
place,  Sept.  20,  1863. 

J.  S.  HILL,  Nelson  County,  engaged  in  nearly  all  the  battles  of 
1862-3,  and  was  badly  wounded  at  Chickamauga.  Having 
measurably  recovered,  he  was  placed  on  detail  duty  at  Dalton, 
1864,  which  he  continued  to  do  till  the  close  of  the  war. 

RICHARD  HART,  Bardstown,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  Dallas,  and  Kenesaw  Mount 
ain;  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  June  17,  1864,  and  disabled 
for  further  service  during  the  war.  Died  at  home  some  years 
after  the  war. 

JAMES  HUSTON,  Tennessee,  was  transferred  from  Crews'  battal 
ion,  May,  1862;  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Chickamauga,  and  Mission  Ridge.  He  was  trans 
ferred,  early  in  1864,  to  a  Tennessee  regiment. 

JOSIAH  HUSTON,  Tennessee,  was  transferred  from  Crews'  battal 
ion,  May,  1862;  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Mission  Ridge.  He 
was  transferred  to  a  Tennessee  regiment  early  in  1864. 

O.  HENRY,  Tennessee,  was  transferred  from  Crews'  battalion,  May, 
1862;  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  At 
lanta,  and  at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks.  He  was 
wounded  at  Chickamauga. 

JOHN  HEAD,  Bardstown,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh,  April  6, 
1862. 

WM.  HAGAN,  Bardstown,  died  of  disease  at  Bowling  Green,  Feb 
ruary,  1862. 

THOMAS  F.  HOSKINS,  Marion  County,  fought  till  August,  1864, 
with  the  Second  Arkansas  Infantry,  when  he  was  transferred  to 
this  company,  and  fought  with  it  at  Jonesboro',  and  was  wounded 
there,  Sept.  i,  1864.  After  having  recovered  he  took  part  in  the 
mounted  engagements  in  Georgia.  He  was  wounded  and  cap 
tured  near  Savannah,  December,  1864,  and  detained  in  prison  till 
the  war  closed. 

HATCH  JUPIN,  Bardstown,  was  killed  in  the  fight  at  Whippoorwill 
Bridge,  Dec.  4,  1861. 

JOHN  S.  JACKMAN,  Nelson  County.  Being  disabled  by  ill  health 
for  service  in  the  ranks,  he  was  assigned  to  duty  as  regimental 
clerk,  and  acted  in  that  capacity  most  of  the  time  during  the  war, 
but  generally  entered  the  ranks,  and  fought  when  the  regiment 
was  in  battle.  He  was  with  the  medical  officers  at  Shiloh,  and 
on  the  field ;  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Stone  River,  and  Jackson ; 
was  on  detail  duty  during  the  battle  of  Chickamauga,  and  on  the 
field ;  fought  at  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and 
Dallas.  He  was  wounded  at  Pine  Mountain,  June  14,  1864,  by 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  821 

a  fragment  of  shell  that  struck  him  across  the  top  of  the  head  a 
little  to  the  right  of  the  crown— seriously  breaking  and  depressing 
the  skull.  He  was  thus  disabled  for  any  further  service  during 
the  war,  but  measurably  recovered,  though  experiencing  some  ill 
effects  from  it  through  life. 

DANIEL  JENKINS,  Bullitt  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh, 
April  6,  1862. 

THOMAS  LILLEY,  Bardstown,  fought  at  Whippoorwill  Bridge,  and 
was  captured  there,  but  was  exchanged  and  rejoined  the  company 
in  September,  1862;  fought  at  Hartsville  ;  was  sick  in  hospital 
at  the  time  of  the  battle  at  Stone  River,  and  was  again  captured ; 
returned  after  having  been  exchanged,  May,  1863,  and  fought  at 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Re- 
saca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree  and  In- 
trenchment  Creeks;  and  lost  an  arm  in  the  latter  engagement, 
July  22,  1864.  Died  at  home  some  years  after  the  war. 

WM.  LIVERS,  Nelson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Vicksburg. 
Died  of  disease  at  Mississippi  Springs,  Miss.,  July,  1862. 

J.  B.  L.  LOCKHERT,  Louisville,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  Dallas,  and  Kenesaw  Mountain, 
and  in  the  mounted  engagemerits.  He  was  appointed  first  sergeant, 
March,  1863.  After  the  war,  a  citizen  of  Clarksville,  Tenn. 

A.  J.  MOORE,  Bardstown,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree 
Creek,  and  at  Intrenchment  Creek.  He  was  captured  at  the  lat 
ter  place,  July  22,  1864,  and  did  not  return  in  time  to  participate 
in  the  closing  engagements. 

PAUL  I.  MOORE,  Washington  County,  was  left  sick  in  Kentucky, 
February,  1862,  but  came  out  with  Bragg's  army,  and  rejoined 
company.  Fought  at  Chickamauga  and  in  the  mounted  engage 
ments.  The  remainder  of  the  time  he  was  employed  on  pioneers' 
duty.  He  was  wounded  at  Swift  Creek,  S.  C.,  April,  1865. 

ROBERT  G.  McCORKLE,  Louisville,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was 
wounded  there  ;  fought  also  at  Hartsville,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and 
Resaca  ;  from  Resaca  to  Atlanta  ;  at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment 
Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engage 
ments.  His  wound  received  at  Shiloh  prevented  him  from 
taking  part  in  the  battles  of  1863,  as  it  was  impossible  for  him  to 
march. 

LEN  S.  MILLER,  Louisville,  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
and  Dallas  ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta  ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment, 
and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  both  days  at  Jonesboro'.  He  was  afterward 
with  the  Army  of  Tennessee,  and  accompanied  it  on  the  Nash 
ville  campaign. 


822  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

COLUMBUS  NEWTON,  Nelson  County,  was  transferred  from  Mc- 
Clung's  battery,  Oct.  13,  1862.  Fought  at  Chickamauga,  after 
which  he  was  detailed  as  blacksmith,  and  served  as  such  during 
the  remainder  of  the  war. 

N.  OVERALL,  Nelson  County,  was  left  sick  at  Gallatin,  Tenn.r 
February,  1862,  and  died  there. 

ELIJAH  OSBORNE,  Nelson  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh, 
April  6,  1862. 

H.  OSBORNE,  Meade  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was  wounded 
there;  at  Baton  Rouge,  and  was  wounded  again.  Died  of  disease 
early  in  1863. 

JOHN  O'BRIEN,  Nelson  County,  was  discharged  on  account  of  dis 
ability  by  disease,  December,  1862. 

JOHN  B.  PIRTLE,  Louisville.     (See  biography.) 

TOM  PORTER,  Bardstown,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh,  April  6, 
1862. 

GEO.  PRUNTY,  Bardstown,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to 
Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  VJtoy  Creeks;  both 
days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

F.  PRICE,  Louisville,  was  chief  musician  of  the  regiment. 

GEO.  PASH,  Nelson  County,  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge, 
and  Hartsville,  and  lost  an  arm  at  the  latter  place.  He  was  left 
at  Stone  River,  and  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  enemy;  was  ex 
changed,  and  returned  to  the  company.  December,  1863.  Dur 
ing  the  campaign  from  Dalton,  he  was  frequently  engaged  in 
voluntary  detail  service,  but  was  discharged  some  time  in  the 
autumn,  1864. 

WM.  POPE,  Louisville,  was  severely  wounded  in  battle  at  Shiloh; 
suffered  amputation  of  the  arm,  and  died  shortly  afterward. 

WM.  F.  POOLE,  Bardstown,  was  transferred  from  Stonewall  Jack 
son's  division,  December,  1862.  Fought  at  Jackson  and  Resaca; 
from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  and  at  Jonesboro'. 

CHARLES  RAPIER,  Bardstown,  was  disabled  by  an  accident,  near 
Nashville,  Tenn.,  February,  1862,  and  was  left  in  that  city. 

P.  BOOKER  REED,  Louisville,  was  on  the  field  at  Shiloh,  as 
mounted  courier  for  Gen.  Breckinridge.  He  was  detailed  in  the 
spring  of  1862  for  temporary  service  with  Gen.  Morgan,  but  re 
joined  the  company,  and  fought  at  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peach- 
tree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  both  days  at  Jones 
boro'.  During  the  mounted  operations. he  was  with  the  scouting 
party  under  Buchanan,  till  December,  1864,  after  which  he  took 
part  in  the  various  engagements  in  South  Carolina. 

GREEN  ROBERTS,  Louisville,  was  transferred  to  Morgan's  squad 
ron,  1861,  and  was  killled  in  battle  at  Lebanon,  Tenn. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  823 

D.  W.  ROBERTSON,  Bardstown,  was  unable  for  active  duty,  on  ac 
count  of  lameness  contracted  before  he  enlisted,  and  was  left 
at  Nashville,  February,  1862. 

J.  T.  ROBERTS,  Tennessee,  was  transferred  from  Crews'  battalion, 
May,  1862,  and  engaged  in  some  of  the  subsequent  engagements. 
He  was  transferred,  in  1864,  to  a  Tennessee  regiment. 

SYLVESTER  SMITH,  Bardstown,  was  mortally  wounded  at  Shiloh, 
and  died  at  Corinth,  May  23,  1862. 

LLEWELLYN  P.  SMITH,  Louisville,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
and  Baton  Rouge;  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  Aug.  5,  1862. 

H.  SHOTWELL,  Bardstown,  was  appointed  third  sergeant,  Jan.  4, 
1864.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was  wounded  there ;  fought  also  at 
Vicksburg,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas  ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree, 
Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the 
mounted  engagements.  He  was  wounded  at  Jonesboro'. 

WILLIAM  STONER,  Bardstown,  died  of  disease  at  Bowling  Green, 
February,  1862. 

ROBERT  TYLER,  Louisville,  was  transferred  to  Morgan's  cavalry, 
April  23,  1862.  He  fought  with  this  company  at  Shiloh. 

PHIL  THOMPSON,  Bardstown,  died  of  disease  at  Bowling  Green, 
February,  1862. 

JOSEPH  M.  TYDINGS.  Louisville,  on  going  to  Camp  Boone,  in 
July,  1861,  was  assigned  temporarily  to  the  Second  Kentucky  as 
assistant  surgeon.  After  being  relieved  he  went  to  Nashville  and 
thence  bore  important  public  documents  to  the  Central  Army  of 
Kentucky  (headquarters  then  at  Bowling  Green).  In  the  autumn 
he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  Co.  B  ;  but  was  put  in  charge  of  the 
regimental  hospital  at  Bowling  Green.  Was  at  Russell ville  on 
leave  of  absence  when  Johnston's  army  left  Kentucky,  but  rejoined 
his  company  at  Murfreesboro',  where  he  was  left  sick  when  the 
army  moved  to  Mississippi.  Recovering,  he  went  southward  to 
find  his  command,  but  fell  in  with  Morgan's  cavalry,  and  did  serv 
ice  with  it  until  after  the  raid  through  Kentucky  (July,  1862), 
taking  part  in  scouts,  skirmishes,  and  some  more  serious  engage 
ments  at  Chattanooga,  Tompkinsville,  and  Cynthiana.  In  August, 
1862,  he  rejoined  his  company,  then  near  Jackson,  Miss.,  and 
fought  with  it  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallaa  to  Atlanta; 
at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  both  days  at 
Jonesboro'.  He  took  part  in  the  mounted  operations  until  at 
Whitesville,  Ga. ,  Feb.  n,  1865,  he  was  severely  wounded  in  right 
arm,  by  accidental  discharge  of  his  own  gun,  by  which  he  was 
disabled  until  some  time  after  the  war  closed. 

PHIL  VACARO,  Louisville,  was  appointed  captain  and  A.  C.  S., 
1 86 1,  and  served  in  the  commissary  department  throughout  the 
war. 


824  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

S.  P.  WIEL,  Jefferson  County,  fought  first  years  of  the  war  with  the 
Eighteenth  Mississippi  Infantry  ;  was  transferred  to  this  company, 
November,  1863,  and  fought  with  it  at  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peach- 
tree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  and  at  Jonesboro'.  Dur 
ing  the  cavalry  operations  he  was  with  the  dismounted  detach 
ment. 

JOE  WILSON,  Bardstown,  fought  at  Whippoorwill  Bridge,  and  was 
wounded  there,  Dec.  4,  1861 ;  fought  also  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dal 
las  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  at 
Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

A.  M.  WAYNE,  Bardstown,  died  of  disease  at  Oxford,  Miss.,  August, 
1862. 

CHARLES  L.  WARD,  Louisville.      (See  Co.  D.  Fourth  Regiment.) 

L.  WINN,  Tennessee,  was  transferred  from  Crews'  battalion,  May, 
1862,  and  died  of  disease  at  Murfreesboro',  December,  1863. 

JAMES  WALKER,  Tennessee,  was  transferred  from  Crews'  bat 
talion,  May,  1862.  Fought  at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Mission  Ridge. 

JOHN  WALKER,  Tennessee,  was  transferred  from  Crews'  battalion, 
May,  1862.  Fought  at  Vicksburg  and  Jackson,  and  was  afterward 
transferred  to  a  Tennessee  regiment. 

A.  P.  WALKER,  Tennessee,  was  transferred  from  Crews'  battalion, 
May,  1862.  Fought  at  Vicksburg,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Mission 
Ridge,  and  Rocky  Face  Gap,  after  which  he  was  transferred  to 
the  Fouth  Confederate  Infantry. 

TYLER  WILSON,  Bardstown,  was  transferred  from  the  Eighteenth 
Mississippi  Infantry,  March,  1863.  Fought  at  Jackson,  Chicka 
mauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ; 
from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks; 
at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  Died  at  home 
some  years  after  the  war. 

M.  WEEDMAN,  Meade  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was  wounded 
and  captured  there;  but  rejoined  the  company,  after  having  been 
exchanged,  September,  1862,  and  fought  at  Stone  River,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to 
Atlanta;  and  at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks;  was 
wounded  at  the  latter  place,  July  22,  1864,  but  recovered  and 
took  part  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

BEN  WEBER,  Bardstown,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh,  April  6, 
1862. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  IJRIGADE. 


COMPANY  C,  NINTH  REGIMENT. 

WILLIAM  MITCHELL,  Hartford,  was  elected  captain,  Sept.  22, 
1 86 1,  and  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh,  April  6,  1862. 

MOSES  WICKLIFFE,  South  Carrollton,  was  elected  first  lieutenant, 
Sept.  22,  1 86 1.  He  took  part  in  nearly  all  the  engagements  of 
the  command  up  to  the  autumn  of  1864,  after  which  he  was  the 
acting  quartermaster  of  the  regiment  till  the  close. 

PRICE  C.  NEWMAN,  Louisville,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
November,  1861,  and  was  elected  captain  at  the  reorganization, 
May  15,  1862.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  Peachtree,  Intrench- 
ment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  all  the 
mounted  engagements.  Died  in  Louisville,  July  30,  1894. 

H.  H.  HARRIS,  Greenville,  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  Novem 
ber,  1 86 1.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and  Baton  Rouge;  was 
severely  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  Aug.  5,  1862,  and  resigned 
on  account  of  it,  Feb.  27,  1864. 

FIELDING  FORMAN,  Hartford,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
May  14,  1862.  He  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge, 
Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca;  from  Resaca  to  Atlanta;  at  Peach- 
tree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro'; 
and  in  the  cavalry  engagements  up  to  December,  1864,  when  he 
died  of  a  wound  received  near  Savannah,  Ga. 

JAMES  W.  FORD,  Hartford,  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  March 
10,  1864.  He  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Harts 
ville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  and  Resaca;  from  Resaca  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree, 
Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and 
in  the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  wounded  at  Chicka 
mauga. 

ALEXANDER  T.  HINES,  Hartford,  was  appointed  first  sergeant, 
September,  1861.  He  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge, 
Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca;  from  Resaca  to  Atlanta;  at 
Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days  at  Jones 
boro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

STEPHEN    W.    ROWAN,    Livermore,   was  appointed  second  ser 
geant,  September,  1861.     He  fought  in  nearly  all  the  battles  of 
his  company  to  the  close,  and  was  wounded  at  Jonesboro. 

J.  L.  COLLINS,  Hartford,  was  appointed  third  sergeant,  September, 
1 86 1.  He  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Harts 
ville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca;  from  Resaca  to  Atlanta;  at 
Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jones 
boro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  wounded  at 


826  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

Shiloh,  Baton  Rouge,  and  Chickamauga,  and  was  awarded  medal 
of  honor  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  at  Stone  River. 

SAM  O.  PEYTON,  Auburn,  was  appointed  fourth  sergeant,  Septem 
ber,  1 86 1.  He  took  part  in  nearly  all  the  engagements  of  his 
company  to  the  close,  and  was  wounded  at  Intrenchment  Creek, 
July  22,  1864. 

JOSEPH  G.  HALL,  Glasgow,  was  appointed  fifth  sergeant,  Septem 
ber,  1 86 1.  He  was  captured  at  Whippoorwill  Bridge,  in  1861, 
but  was  exchanged,  rejoined  the  company  in  September,  1862, 
and  took  part  in  nearly  all  the  subsequent  engagements  to  the 
close.  He  was  wounded  at  Chickamauga. 

JAMES  H.  FAUGHENDER,  Greenville,  was  appointed  first  cor 
poral,  September,  1861.  He  fought  in  nearly  all  the  battles  of 
his  company  to  the  close. 

C.  C.  AMBROSE,  Paradise,  was  appointed  second  corporal,  Sep 
tember,  1 86 1.  He  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Hartsville,  and 
Stone  River;  was  wounded  at  Stone  River,  and  long  disabled, 
but  reentered  the  ranks  at  Dalton,  and  took  part  in  nearly  all  the 
subsequent  engagements. 

JAMES  W.  YOUNTZ,  Paradise,  was  appointed  third  corporal,  Sep 
tember,  1 86 1.  He  was  generally  in  ill  health,  but  took  part  in 
most  of  the  battles,  and  was  wounded  at  Chickamauga. 

WM.  T.  SMITH,  Hartford,  was  appointed  fourth  corporal,  Septem 
ber,  1 86 1.  He  was  enlisted  when  a  mere  boy,  but  served 
throughout,  and  was  once  or  twice  wounded. 

JNO.  L.  F.  AMBROSE,  Paradise,  died  in  Atlanta  of  a  wound  re 
ceived  in  battle.  No  other  facts  are  known  to  the  writer. 

J.  ROLLA  AUSTIN,  Kentucky,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Hartsville,  and  Stone  River.  He  was  wounded  at  the 
latter  place,  and  died  from  the  effects  of  it. 

JOHN  T.  BERRYMAN,  Kentucky,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Vicksburg, 
and  died  of  wound  received  at  the  latter  place. 

WM.  F.  BISHOP,  Louisville,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was  wounded 
there;  served  some  time  as  regimental  clerk;  was  captured  at 
Manchester,  1863;  escaped  into  Canada,  and  remained  there 
some  time,  but  rejoined  the  company. 

W.  D.  BURNEY,  Kentucky,  died  at  Griffin  of  wound  received  in 
battle.  No  other  facts  are  known  to  the  writer. 

R.  SAMUEL  BROOKS,  Kentucky,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and 
Baton  Rouge;  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  Aug.  5,  1862. 

JOHN  BLAZER,  Russellville,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga.  He 
was  captured  near  Mission  Ridge,  November,  1863,  and  was  de 
tained  in  prison  till  near  the  close  of  the  war. 

I.  P.  BARNARD,  Hartford,  took  part  in  some  of  the  earlier  engage 
ments,  but  was  discharged  at  Stone  River,  November,  1862,  be 
ing  under  age. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  827 

WM.  T.  BARNETT,  Kentucky,  died  of  disease. 

SAMUEL  L.  BERRY,  Cromwell,  took  part  in  some  of  the  earlier 
engagements,  but  was  discharged  in  November,  1862,  being 
under  age. 

HENRY  G.  COWLING,  Louisville,  took  part  in  the  earlier  battles 
of  1862,  but,  being  over  age,  he  was  discharged  in  November  of 
that  year.  He  was  afterward  engaged  in  the  ordnance  depart 
ment  at  Augusta,  Ga. 

JOEL  CRAIG,  Kentucky,  died  of  disease  at  Tishamingo  bridge,  on 
the  retreat  from  Corinth. 

CHARLES  T.  CHINN,  Cromwell,  fought  in  most  of  the  battles  of 
his  company,  and  was  twice  wounded. 

JOHN  CHINN,  Kentucky. 

JAMES  S.  CHINN,  Hartford,  took  part  in  most  of  the  battles  of  his 
command,  and  was  once  severely  wounded. 

W.  R.  CHAPMAN,  Hartford,  engaged  in  most  of  the  battles,  and 
was  wounded  at  Chickamauga.  He  was  sometimes  employed  as 
pioneer. 

RICHARD  GREEN,  Kentucky,  took  part  in  some  of  the  engage 
ments,  and  was  captured  at  Stone  River.  No  other  facts  are 
known  to  the  writer. 

JOSEPH  HALL,  Kentucky.      No  facts  known  to  the  writer. 

HENRY  E.  HEWES,  Louisville,  was  appointed  commissary  sergeant, 
Feb.  12,  1862,  and  was  retained  in  that  office,  and  almost  con 
stantly  engaged  in  its  duties  till  the  close  of  the  war. 

\VM.  P.  HARRIS,  Kentucky,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh,  April  6, 

1862. 
H.  H.  HARRIS,  Kentucky.     No  facts  known  to  the  writer. 

HARRY  HENDRICKS,  Muhlenburg  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at 
Shiloh,  April  6,  1862. 

I).  C.  HAY,  Greenville,  was  wounded  and  captured  at  Shiloh.  After 
ward  died  of  disease. 

0.  P.  HILL,  Hartford,  fought  in  nearly  all  the  battles  to  the  close, 

and  was  once  or  twice  wounded. 

JOHN  F.  JERNIGAN,  Greenville,  was  one  of  the  infirmary  detail 
during  the  battle  of  Shiloh,  and  fought  in  most  of  the  subsequent 
battles. 

BEN  G.  JERNIGAN,  Greenville,  was  wounded  in  battle  at  Shiloh. 
No  other  facts  are  known  to  the  writer. 

JOS.  L.  JACKSON,  Rochester.  No  other  facts  than  that  he  was  a 
member  of  the  company  are  known  to  the  writer. 

C.  K.  JONES,  Kentucky,  fought  in  most  of  the  earlier  engagements, 
and  died  in  1863  of  wounds  received  at  Jackson,  Miss. 

1.  ED  JONES,   Kentucky,   was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh,  April  6, 

1862. 


828  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

R.  W.  JONES,  Kentucky.  No  other  facts  than  that  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  company  have  been  communicated  to  the  writer. 

A.  H.  KINCHELOE,  South  Carrollton,  fought  in  some  of  the  earlier 
battles,  but  was  discharged  in  November,  1862,  being  under  age. 

A.  J.  KIRTLEY,  South  Carrollton,  fought  in  nearly  all  the  battles  of 
the  company,  and  was  wounded  at  Chickamauga  and  Jonesboro'. 

ELISHA  B.  KIRTLEY,  McLean  County,  was  for  some  time  a  mem 
ber  of  Co.  C,  First  Kentucky  Cavalry ;  afterward  enlisted  in  the 
Ninth  Kentucky;  fought  in  the  skirmishes  about  Tuscumbia,  in 
battles  at  Shiloh,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  and  on  the  re 
treat  to  Dalton.  Was  discharged  because  of  disability  by  dis 
ease,  February,  1864. 

N.  R.  LETNER,  South  Carrollton,  took  part  in  some  of  the  engage 
ments,  and  was  wounded  at  Shiloh. 

AL  LINN,  Kentucky.     No  facts  known  to  the  writer. 

W.  C.  LANDER,  Kentucky,  was  not  enlisted  till  the  second  year  of 
the  war,  but  engaged  in  some  of  the  subsequent  battles,  and  was 
captured  on  the  retreat  from  Mission  Ridge. 

JNO.  J.  MAHAN,  Paradise,  fought  in  most  of  the  battles  of  his  com 
pany,  and  is  believed  to  have  been  once  or  twice  wounded. 

DAVID  MIDKIFFE,  Hartford,  was  discharged  on  account  of  disa 
bility  by  disease,  October,  1862. 

JAMES  S.  MITCHELL,  Hartford,  died  of  disease  at  Bowling  Green, 
1861. 

CHARLES  MITCHELL,  Kentucky,  died  of  disease. 

C.  W.  MILLER,  Hartford,  was  generally  on  detail  service  till  No 
vember,  1862,  when  he  was  discharged,  being  over  age. 

J.  S.  MORTON,  Kentucky,  was  transferred  to  Dibbrell's  cavalry. 

JAMES  H.  NEVILLE,  Cynthiana.  No  other  facts  than  that  he 
was  a  member  of  the  company  have  been  communicated  to  the 
writer. 

WM.  C.  PENDLETON,  Hartford,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh, 
April  6,  1862. 

CRAVEN  PEYTON,  Hartford,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  and  Hartsville,  and  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  Dec. 
7.  1862.  He  was  at  that  time  serving  on  the  staff  of  Gen.  Mor 
gan. 

JAMES  H.  ROLL,  Kentucky,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh,  April  7, 
1862. 

GEORGE  RANNEY,  Muhlenburg  County,  took  part  in  nearly  all 
the  battles  up  to  the  spring  of  1863,  when  he  was  discharged  on 
account  of  disability  by  disease.  He  was  wounded  at  Shiloh. 

CHARLES  W.  ROTHNOCK,  Hartford,  fought  at  Shiloh.  No  other 
facts  known  to  the  writer. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  829 

LYCURGUS  REID,  Ohio  County,  was  wounded  at  Hartsville; 
severely  wounded  at  Dallas;  slightly  wounded  near  Richland, 
Ga.;  was  once  hurt  in  a  railroad  accident;  and  served  sometime 
as  agent  for  the  purchase  of  hospital  supplies.  Since  the  war  he 
has  been  police  judge  of  Rockport  and  filled  other  civil  office. 
"  I  teach  my  children,"  he  once  wrote  to  a  friend,  "  to  honor  the 
men  of  the  Orphan  Brigade  above  all  others.  I  point  them  out 
as  we  meet  them  as  men  on  whom  the  country  can  depend  in 
time  of  need." 

ALBERT  ROBINSON,  Kentucky,  was  wounded  at  Intrenchment 
Creek,  July  22,  1864. 

S.  W.  ROWAN,  Kentucky.     No  facts  known  to  the  writer. 

E.  C.  SHULL,  Kentucky,  was  generally  disabled  by  disease  for  act 
ive  service,  but  engaged  in  some  of  the  battles,  and  was  killed  at 
Chickamauga. 

W.  T.  SMITH,  Kentucky.     No  facts  known  to  the  writer. 

ELI  AS  G.  SMITH,  Kentucky,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh,  April  6, 
1862. 

PHILIP  SNAPP,  Kentucky,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca;  from  Resaca  to  Atlanta, 
at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks.  He  was  killed  at  the 
latter  place,  July  22,  1864. 

DAVID  SAULSBURG,  Owensboro',  died  of  disease  at  Columbus, 
Miss.,  1862. 

JAMES  E.  TAYLOR,  Bowling  Green,  engaged  in  nearly  all  the  bat 
tles,  and  was  wounded  at  Chickamauga. 

WM.  TAYLOR,  Ohio  County,  took  part  in  some  of  the  earlier  en 
gagements. 

W.  F.  TATUM,  Hartford,  was  generally  disabled  by  disease  for 
active  duty,  but  took  part  in  some  of  the  engagements. 

MONROE  TINSLEY,  Livermore,  engaged  in  nearly  all  the  battles, 
and  was  wounded  at  Shiloh  and  Resaca. 

DIDWARD  TINSLEY,  Livermore,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Vicksburg. 
He  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  and  disabled  for  further 
service  during  the  war. 

GUS  THOMPSON,  Kentucky,  died  of  disease  at  Russellville,  Ky., 
1861. 

M.  O.  TOWNS,  Kentucky.     No  facts  known  to  the  writer. 
ROBT.  TYRER,  Kentucky,  died  of  disease. 

HENRY  L.  VICKERS,  Hawesville,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was 
wounded  there,  April  7,  1862.  He  was  discharged  soon  after 
wards,  being  disabled  by  the  effects  of  the  wound. 

JAMES  W.  WEEKS,  Rochester,  took  part  in  some  of  the  battles, 
and  was  wounded  at  Chickamauga. 


830  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

JOHN  K.  WICKLIFFE,  Greenville,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca.  He  was  killed  at 
the  latter  place,  May  14,  1864. 

ELIJAH  WOODWARD,  Kentucky,  fought  at  Shiloh. 

JOHN  WOODWARD,  Kentucky.      No  facts  known  to  the  writer. 

JEROME  B.  WILLIAMS,  Manchester,  Tenn.,  was  enlisted  in  the 
spring  of  1863;  fought  at  Jackson  and  Chickamauga;  was 
wounded  at  the  latter  place,  and  afterward,  March  27,  1864,  he 
was  transferred  to  Co.  B,  Twenty-ninth  Tennessee  Infantry. 

M.  L.  WEEKS,  Kentucky.      No  facts  known  to  the  writer. 

JAMES  L.  WALTHALL,  Kentucky,  died  at  Montgomery,  Ala., 
of  wound  received  in  battle.  No  other  facts  are  known  to  the 
writer  than  that  he  fought  at  Shiloh. 

R.  W.  WALLACE,  Paradise,  was  disabled  by  lameness  for  active 
field  duty,  and  was  generally  employed  as  ward-master  of  hospital. 

THOMAS  B.  YOUNG,  Bowling  Green,  engaged  in  most  of  the  bat 
tles  of  his  company,  and  was  more  than  once  wounded.  Was  at 
one  time  third  corporal. 

COMPANY  D,  NINTH  REGIMENT. 

BEN  DESHA,  Cynthiana,  was  elected  captain,  Oct.  21,  1861,  and 
was  promoted  to  major,  April  6,  1863.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  where 
he  was  so  severely  wounded  as  to  be  long  disabled  for  duty,  but 
rejoined  the  command  and  fought  at  Jonesboro',  where  he  was 
again  wounded  and  disabled  for  further  service  during  the  war. 
Died  in  Cynthiana  some  years  after  the  war. 

ANDREW  J.  BEALE,  Cynthiana,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
Oct.  21,  1861 ;  was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant  May  7,  1862, 
and  to  captain,  April  6,  1863.  He  fought  at  Hartsville  and 
Stone  River,  and  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place.  He  was  ap 
pointed  surgeon,  Oct.  i,  1863,  and  served,  during  the  remainder 
of  the  war,  in  the  medical  department. 

HUGH  M.  KELLER,  Cynthiana,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
Oct.  21,  1 86 1,  and  was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant,  April  6,  1863. 
Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and  Baton  Rouge.  He  was  se 
verely  wounded  at  Shiloh,  April  7,  1862,  and  finally  had  to  aban 
don  field  service  on  account  of  it,  though  he  retained  his  connec 
tion  with  the  army  till  the  termination  of  the  war. 

OSCAR  KENNARD,  Cynthiana,  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  May 
7,  1862,  and  was  promoted  to  captain,  Feb.  15,  1864.  Fought 
at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chick 
amauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ; 
from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy 
Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engage 
ments  to  Savannah,  after  which  he  was  engaged  in  other  duty  till 
.the  close  of  the  war.  He  was  wounded  at  Baton  Rouge. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  831 

JOHN  H.  WEBB,  Cynthiana,  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  June  30, 
1863.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Harts ville,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  MissionRidge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
Pine  Mountain,  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Peachtree,  Intrenchment, 
and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  at  Jonesboro'.  He  was  mortally  wounded 
at  the  latter  place,  Aug.  31,  1864,  and  died  in  Atlanta  shortly  aft 
erward. 

JOHN  W.  CARROLL,  Scott  County,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
January,  1864.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge, 
Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Mission 
Ridge.  Died  of  disease  at  Newnan,  Ga. ,  1864.  He  was  awarded 
medal  of  honor  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  at  Chicka 
mauga. 

RICHARD  M.  WALL,  Cynthiana,  was  first  one  of  the  sergeants  of 
the  company,  but  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  Jan.  20,  1863. 
Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Chicka 
mauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Jones 
boro'.  He  was  captured  at  Jonesboro',  and  was  not  exchanged  in 
time  to  participate  in  the  closing  engagements. 

JOHN  ADAMS,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Shiloh;  was  generally 
afterward  incapacitated,  by  ill  health,  for  duty  in  the  ranks,  and 
was  employed  as  teamster. 

TAN  ADAMS,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Vicksburg; 
and  was  discharged,  July,  1862,  on  account  of  disability  by 
disease. 

W.  W.  ADAMS,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was  wounded 
there,  April  7,  1862  ;  fought  also  at  Hartsville;  was  transferred  to 
Co.  K,  Second  Kentucky  Cavalry,  December,  1862. 

W.  A.  ALLEN,  Scott  County,  was  made  one  of  the  sergeants  of  the 
company  in  1863.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Hartsville,  and 
Chickamauga.  He  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  Sept.  20,  1863. 

ALVIN  AGNEW,  Cynthiana,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was  wounded 
there,  April  7,  1862.  He  was  generally  afterward  employed  as 
blacksmith,  till  the  close  of  the  war. 

JAMES  BARNETT,  Scott  County,  fought  at  Baton  Rouge,  Harts 
ville,  Stone  River,  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

JOHN  O.  BRYANT,  Cynthiana,  was  generally  employed  as  teamster, 
but  fought  in  some  of  the  engagements  between  Dalton  and  At 
lanta,  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  wounded  at 
Kenesaw  Mountain. 

AL  N.  BARRETT,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  was  wounded 
there,  and  disabled  for  further  infantry  service  during  the  war, 
but  took  part  in  the  engagements  of  the  mounted  infantry. 

E.  J.  BARLOW,  Scott  County,  was  one  of  the  sergeants  of  the  com 
pany.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville, 
and  Stone  River.  He  was  afterward  disabled  by  disease  for 
further  service,  and  died  at  Montgomery,  Ala.,  1864. 


832  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

JAMES  BURGESS,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  after 
ward  died  of  disease. 

ELZY  V.  BRIGHT,  Fleming  County,  was  one  of  the  sergeants  of 
the  company  ;  and  fought  at  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dal 
las  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks; 
both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  He 
was  wounded  at  Chickamauga.  Died  in  Missouri  after  the  war. 

JAMES  BELL,  Scott  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  afterward  died  of 
disease. 

L.  C.  CLIFFORD,  Harrison  County,  died  of  disease  at  Bowling 
Green,  December,  1861. 

JNO.  B.  CLEARY,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga;  and  was 
killed  at  the  latter  place,  Sept.  20,  1863. 

ASAHEL  C.  CLARKE,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Shiloh;  was 
afterward  disabled  by  disease,  and  was  discharged,  Dec.  20, 
1862. 

JAMES  M.  CHANCELLOR,  Mason  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicks 
burg,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga.  He 
was  captured  at  the  latter  place,  and  kept  in  prison  till  the  close 
of  the  war.  Died  in  Missouri  some  time  subsequently. 

JOHN  T.  COURTNEY,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Baton  Rouge, 
Hartsville,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca; 
in  skirmishes  at  Pine  and  Kenesaw  Mountains;  at  Peachtree,  Tn- 
trenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  at  Jonesboro'.  He  was  cap 
tured  at  the  latter  place,  and  did  not  return  in  time  to  participate 
in  the  closing  engagements.  Died  at  his  home  near  Connersville, 
Ky.,  in  1884. 

PARKER  CRAWFORD,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and 
was  discharged  on  account  of  disability  by  disease,  May  10, 
1862. 

NEWTON  COOK,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Mission  Ridge.  Died  of  dis 
ease  in  Atlanta,  Ga.,  August,  1864.  He  was  wounded  at  Chick 
amauga. 

M.  DEVERS,  Harrison  County,  was  one  of  the  corporals  of  the  com 
pany,  and  fought  at  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  in  the.  mounted 
engagements. 

JOHN  H.  DILLS,  Cynthiana,  was  discharged  on  account  of  disability 
by  disease,  Feb.  12,  1862.  (See  Incidents  and  Anecdotes.) 

GEORGE  W.  DRAKE,  Scott  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Re 
saca,  Pine  Mountain,  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Jonesboro',  and  in  the 
mounted  engagements.  Died  near  Sadieville,  Ky. ,  some  time 
after  the  war. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  833 

THOMAS  EVANS,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  was  severely 
wounded  there,  and  was  afterward  discharged  in  consequence 
of  it. 

STEVE  ESTILL,  Scott  County,  was  one  of  the  corporals  of  the  com 
pany,  and  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and  Baton  Rouge.  After 
ward  died  of  disease. 

JOHN  FIGHTMASTER,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicks 
burg,  and  Chickamauga,  and  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  Sept. 
20,  1863. 

JOHN  FIELDS,  Scott  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Vicksburg.  Was 
discharged  November,  1862,  being  under  age. 

\VM.   GLASSCOCK,   Scott  County,   was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh, 

April  7,  1862. 
GEORGE  W.  HILL,  Scott  County,  was  appointed  second  sergeant, 

Oct.  21,  1 86 1.     Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and  Baton  Rouge. 

Was  transferred  to  Morgan's  cavalry,  Dec.  15,  1862. 

JOHN  W.  HENRY,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
and  Baton  Rouge.  Was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  Aug.  5,  1862. 

JOHN  HARDIN,  Harrison  County,  died  of  disease. 

\V.  H.  HICKS,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and 
Baton  Rouge.  Was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  Aug.  5,  1862. 

JACOB  HAMILTON,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Harts- 
ville,  Jackson,  Chickatnauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  and  Dallas;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  In- 
trenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in 
the  mounted  engagements. 

S.  HEDGER,  Harrison  County,  died  of  disease  at  Selma,  Ala. 

N.  F.  HEDGER,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  and  Chickamauga ;  and  was  killed  at  the  latter 
place,  Sept.  20,  1863. 

JAMES  HEDGER,  Harrison  County,  was  generally  employed  as 
teamster,  but  fought  at  Chickamauga,  Jonesboro',  and  in  the 
mounted  engagements.  Died  at  Sadieville,  Ky,,  some  years  after 
the  war. 

WM.  HEDGER,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both 
days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

THOS.  HEDGER,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky 
Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  and  Dallas ;  from  Dallas  to  Atlanta ;  both 
days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  He  was 
wounded  at  Chickamauga. 

E.  B.  HAWKINS,  Kentucky.  No  facts  relative  to  this  man,  except 
that  he  was  wounded  at  Chickamauga,  are  known  to  the  writer. 

WM.  R.  HOFFMAN,  Cynthiana,  fought  at  Shiloh.  Was  discharged, 
October,  1862,  on  account  of  disability  by  disease.  Killed  at 
Cynthiana  before  the  war  closed. 

53 


B34  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

LESLIE  C.  HORN,  Harrison  County,  was  one  of  the  corporals  of 
the  company,  and  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge, 
Hartsville,  Stone  River,  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  all  the 
mounted  engagements.  He  was  wounded  at  Jonesboro'. 

CHESTER  HOWELL,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicks 
burg,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga ;  was 
wounded  at  the  latter  place,  and  disabled  for  further  service  dur 
ing  the  war. 

LEWIS  HARRIS,  Scott  County,  was  generally  unfitted  by  ill  health 
for  duty  in  the  ranks,  and  was  employed  in  various  detail  service, 
but  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and  Jackson. 

W.  PARKER  INGRAHAM,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  and 
Vicksburg.  Died  of  disease  at  Knoxville,  Tenn.,  October,  1862. 

WILLIAM  JENKINS,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicks 
burg,  Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Chickamauga,  and 
Mission  Ridge.  He  was  captured  at  the  latter  place,  and  de 
tained  in  prison  till  after  the  close  of  the  war.  Died  in  Harrison 
County  some  years  afterward. 

FRANK  M.  JACKSON,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicks 
burg,  Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Chickamauga,  and 
Mission  Ridge. 

CHRISTOPHER  C.  KENNON,  Bracken  County,  was  one  of  the  cor 
porals  of  the  company;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca, 
Pine  Mountain,  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Jonesboro',  both  days,  and 
in  the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  wounded  at  Jonesboro'. 
Died  at  Milford,  Bracken  County,  after  the  war. 

ED  KERNES,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was  dis 
charged  on  account  of  disability  by  disease,  July,  1862. 

JOS.  MAY,  Scott  County,  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Harts 
ville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga.  He  was  severely 
wounded  at  Chickamauga,  and  disabled  for  further  duty  during 
the  war.  Died  in  Georgetown  after  the  war. 

REED  M.  MARTIN,  Cynthiana,  was  appointed  first  sergeant,  De 
cember,  1862.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge, 
Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face 
Ridge,  Resaca,  Pine  Mountain,  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Peachtree 
Creek,  Intrenchment  Creek,  Utoy  Creek,  and  in  the  mounted 
engagements. 

JOHN  W.  MARTIN,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  Pine  Mountain, 
Kenesaw  Mountain,  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks; 
both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  He 
was  wounded  at  Chickamauga. 

WM.  L.  MOONEY,  Mason  County,  was  generally  disabled  by  dis 
ease  for  duty  in  the  ranks,  and  was  employed  in  hospital  and 
other  detail  service,  but  fought  at  Shiloh,  Rocky  Face  Ridge, 
Resaca,  Pine  Mountain  and  Kenesaw  Mountain. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  835 

THOMAS    McKINNEY,    Harrison    County,    fought  at  Shiloh  and 

Vicksburg. 
WM.  T.  MAGEE,  Cynthiana,   was  appointed  second  sergeant,  Oct. 

21,  1 86 1,  and  was  promoted  to  first  sergeant,    Nov.    10,  1861. 

Fought  at  Shiloh.      Was  discharged  on  account  of  disability  by 

disease,  Dec.  10,  1862.     Died  in  Colorado  after  the  war. 

AARON  McLONEY,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville,  and  Stone  River.  He  was  captured 
at  the  latter  place,  and  died  in  prison,  of  disease. 

JAMES  McNEES,  Harrison  County,  was  one  of  the  corporals  of  the 
company.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Hartsville,  Stone  River, 
and  Jackson.  Was  killed  by  accident,  at  Chickamauga  River, 
Oct.  10,  1863. 

JOHN  McMAHAN,  Harrison  County,  was  not  enlisted  till  June, 
1862.  F'ought  at  Chickamauga,  and  was  killed  there. 

JAMES  PRICE,  Scott  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was  afterward 
discharged  on  account  of  disability  by  disease. 

SOLOMON  C.  PERRIN,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  where 
he  was  wounded  and  so  disabled  that  he  was  discharged  in  con 
sequence  of  it.  Died  in  Arkansas  after  the  war. 

THOMAS  PEMBERTON,  Scott  County,  fought  at  Jonesboro',  and 
was  killed  there,  Aug.  31,  1864. 

JOHN  REESE,  Harrison  County,  was  not  enlisted  till  June,  1862. 
Was  made  one  of  the  sergeants  of  the  company,  and  fought  at 
Hartsville,  Stone  River,  and  Intrenchment  Creek.  He  was 
wounded  at  the  latter  place,  July  22,  1864,  and  died  from  the 
effects  of  it. 

HYSON  REESE,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  Pine  Mountain,  Kcn- 
esaw  Mountain,  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  both 
days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

WILLIAM  H.  ROWLAND,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Shiloh, 
Vicksburg,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga, 
and  was  wounded  and  captured  at  the  latter  place. 

AVILLIAM  STEVENS,  Mason  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh, 
April  6,  1862. 

THOMAS  SNODGRASS,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicks 
burg,  and  Baton  Rouge,  and  was  discharged  some  time  afterward, 
on  account  of  disability  by  disease. 

Ts  AT  SHARON,  Scott  County,  fought  at  Shiloh;  was  wounded  there, 
April  7,  1862,  and  disabled  for  further  duty  in  the  ranks,  but  re 
joined  the  command  in  the  autumn  of  1863,  and  served  during 
the  remainder  of  the  war  as  orderly  for  Gen.  Lewis. 

JOHN  T.  SMARR,  Georgetown,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Harts 
ville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Jonesboro',  and  in  the 
mounted  engagements.  He  was  wounded  at  Chickamauga. 
Died  at  home  some  years  after  the  war. 


836  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

HOLLIDAY  SAULS,  Harrison  County,  was  transferred  from  cavalry, 
December,  1862.  Fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  and 
Jonesboro',  and  served  with  the  dismounted  detachment  during 
the  cavalry  operations.  He  was  wounded  at  Chickamauga. 

JAMES  SAULS,  Harrison  County,  was  transferred  from  cavalry, 
December,  1862.  He  fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  and  Mission  Ridge;  and  though  he  remained  with 
the  command  until  the  close  of  the  war,  he  was  not  again  en 
gaged.  He  was  wounded  at  Chickamauga. 

WILLIAM  SIDNEY,  fought  at  Shiloh;  and  was  afterward  discharged 
on  account  of  disability  by  disease. 

WILLIAM  TAYLOR,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Shiloh.  Died 
near  Cynthiana  after  the  war. 

JAMES  H.  TAYLOR,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicks- 
burg,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  Pine  Mountain,  Kenesaw 
Mountain,  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  Jones 
boro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  wounded  at 
Chickamauga. 

DAVID  H.  TAYLOR,  Harrison  County,  was  one  of  the  sergeants  of 
the  company,  and  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  Pine 
Mountain,  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and 
Utoy  Creeks,  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  He 
was  wounded  at  Chickamauga. 

ARIS  C.  TAYLOR,  Harrison  County,  was  one  of  the  corporals  of  the 
company,  and  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  Pine  Mountain,  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Peachtree,  In 
trenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted 
engagements. 

POLK  WHALEN,  Harrison  County,  was  accidentally  killed  at  Ab- 
ingdon,  Va. ,  November,  1861. 

WM.  J.  WILLIAMSON,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicks 
burg,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted 
engagements. 

WM.  H.  WHALEY,  Scott  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  Resaca,  Pine  Mountain,  Kenesaw  Mountain, 
at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  at  Jonesboro'. 
and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  wounded  at  Chicka 
mauga. 

ANDREW  J.  WHITE,  Harrison  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicks 
burg,  and  Baton  Rouge.  Was  transferred  to  Morgan's  cavalry, 
November,  1862. 

HENRY  WEBSTER,  Scott  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville,  and  Stone  River. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  837 

ROBERT  WALKER,  Scott  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was  dis 
charged,  June  12,  1862,  on  account  of  disability  by  disease.  Died 
some  years  afterward. 

I  AMES  L.  WEST,  Cynthiana,  died  of  disease  at  Burnsville,  Miss., 
May  5,  1862. 

JOSEPH  W.  WELLS,  Scott  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  where  he  was 
wounded  and  disabled  for  further  service  in  the  ranks.  He  re 
mained  with  the  company,  however,  to  the  last,  and  sometimes 
engaged  in  light  detail  duty. 

GEORGE  W.  WOLFE,  Scott  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
and  Stone  River,  after  which  he  was  sent  sick  to  hospital,  and, 
when  he  had  recovered,  was  detailed  as  blacksmith,  and  served 
in  that  capacity  during  the  remainder  of  the  war. 

WILLIAM  YOUNG,  Scott  County,  was  one  of  the  sergeants  of  the 
company,  and  he  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Mission  Ridge.  He  was 
wounded  at  the  latter  place,  and  disabled  for  further  service  dur 
ing  the  war. 

COMPANY  G,  NINTH  REGIMENT. 

JAMES  T.  MOREHEAD,  Cloverport,  was  elected  captain,  Sept.  24, 
1 86 1.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Hartsville,  and  Stone  River. 
He  commanded  the  Ninth  Regiment  at  Hartsville;  was  awarded 
medal  of  honor  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  at  Stone 
River,  and  died  of  disease,  Jan.  7,  1863. 

PETER  V.  DANIEL,  Hardinsburg,  was  elected  first  lieutenant, 
Sept.  24,  1 86 1,  and  was  promoted  to  captain,  Feb.  8,  1863. 
Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and  Baton  Rouge;  was  wounded  at 
the  latter  place;  fought  also  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
and  Chickamauga;  and  was  killed  in  the  later  battle,  Sept.  20, 
1863. 

J.  B.  LILLARD,  Cloverport,  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  Sept. 
24,  1861,  and  resigned,  April,  1862. 

GEORGE  A.  KING,  Logan  County,  was  elected  captain  of  a  com 
pany,  Oct.  17,  1861,  but  his  men  were  afterward  consolidated 
with  those  of  Capt.  Morehead.  He  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  resigned 
when  reorganization  took  place,  May,  1862. 

J.  W.  BURKS,  Logan  County,  was  elected  first  lieutenant  of  King's 
company,  Oct.  17,  1861  ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  resigned,  April 
22,  1862. 

J.  T.  SHACKLEFORD,  Logan  County,  was  elected  second  lieuten 
ant  of  King's  company,  Oct.  17,  1861  ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  re 
signed,  April  22,  1862. 

R.  M.  SIMMONS,  Logan  County,  was  elected  second  lieutenant  of 
King's  company,  Oct.  17,  1861  ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was 
wounded  there.  Resigned  in  the  autumn  of  1862. 


838  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

HENRY  C.  BOYD,  Cloverport,  was  appointed  third  sergeant,  Sept. 
24,  1 86 1  ;  was  promoted  to  first  sergeant,  December,  1861;  was 
elected  second  lieutenant,  Feb.  8,  1863,  and  was  promoted  to 
first  lieutenant,  Sept.  20,  1863.  Fought  at  Shiloh  and  Vicksburg; 
was  then  assigned  to  duty  in  the  quartermaster's  department,  but 
rejoined  the  company  in  the  autumn,  and  fought  at  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  Pine  Mountain,  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Peachtree,  In- 
trenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  at  Jonesboro'.  He  was  killed 
at  the  latter  place,  Sept.  i,  1864. 

ALEXANDER  M.  MOSELEY,  Logan  County,  was  elected  second 
lieutenant,  Feb.  8,  1863.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Hartsville;  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  in 
all  the  engagements  of  the  Dalton  campaign,  up  to  July  22,  1864, 
when  he  was  wounded  in  battle  at  Intrenchment  Creek,  and  dis 
abled  for  further  service  in  the  line.  He  was  assigned  to  provost 
duty  in  the  autumn,  and  was  thus  engaged  during  the  remainder 
of  the  war. 

JOHN  J.  WILLIAMS,  Hawesville,  was  appointed  second  sergeant, 
Oct.  8,  1861;  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  April  25,  1862;  was 
promoted  to  first  lieutenant,  Feb.  8,  1863,  and  to  captain,  Sept. 
20,  1863.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
Resaca,  Pine  Mountain,  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Peachtree,  Intrench 
ment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engage 
ments  up  to  March,  1865,  when  he  was  ordered  into  Kentucky 
on  recruiting  service,  and  was  thus  engaged  when  the  war  closed. 
He  was  wounded  at  Shiloh,  Chickamauga,  and  Intrenchment 
Creek. 

ED  GREGORY,  Cloverport,  was  appointed  first  sergeant,  1862,  and 
was  elected  second  lieutenant,  Dec.  8,  1863.  Fought  at  Shiloh, 
Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca; 
from  Resaca  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy 
Creeks,  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

NATHAN  ANGELL,  Cloverport,  fought  at  Baton  Rouge  and  Jones 
boro';  was  mortally  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  Sept.  i,  1864, 
and  died  shortly  afterward. 

J.  E.  ADAMS,  Logan  County,  fought  in  all  the  battles  of  his  com 
pany  up  to  that  of  Jonesboro',  Sept.  i,  1864,  where  he  was  killed. 

R.  E.  T.  ADAMS,  Logan  County,  was  in  a  number  of  the  engage 
ments  up  to  Resaca,  May  14,  1864,  when  he  was  wounded.  He 
recovered,  however,  and  took  part  in  the  fights  of  the  mounted 
infantry. 

J.  W.  ADAMS,  Logan  County,  took  part  in  all  the  battles  of  his  com 
pany  up  to  July  22,  1864,  when  he  was  mortally  wounded  at  the 
latter  place,  and  died  on  the  train  that  was  conveying  the  wounded 
to  hospital. 

H.  C.  ALLEN,  Logan  County.  Nothing  definite  known  to  the  writer 
with  regard  to  his  service. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  830 

THOMAS  BROWN,  Breckenridge  County,  was  long  in  bad  health, 
but  took  part  in  every  battle  that  he  could,  to  the  close. 

JAMES  BRUCE,  Breckenridge  County,  fought  in  most  of  the  battles 
of  his  regiment;  was  wounded  at  Chickamauga,  and  severely 
wounded  at  Jonesboro'. 

SAMUEL  W.  BOUTCHER,  Hancock  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and 
was  wounded  there ;  fought  also  in  most  of  the  other  engagements 
up  to  Jonesboro'.  He  was  wounded  at  Chickamauga,  Resaca, 
and  Jonesboro';  at  the  latter  place,  we  believe,  mortally. 

J .  W.  BURNETT,  Hawesville,  went  to  the  Army  of  Virginia,  May, 
1 86 1,  with  Capt.  (afterward  Maj.)  Jack  Thompson,  but  was  not 
sworn  into  the  service,  and  drove  a  team  for  Gen.  Magruder  until 
December,  1861.  He  then  came  to  Bowling  Green,  and  joined 
this  company,  and  fought  with  it  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga;  was  twice  wounded  at 
the  latter  place,  but  did  not  leave  the  field;  fought  also  at  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca;  from  Resaca  to  Atlanta; 
at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks  ;  both  days  at  Jones 
boro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

J.  H.  BURKS,  Logan  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  in  a  number  of 
other  battles  up  to  Intrenchment  Creek,  when  he  was  captured, 
July  22,  1864,  and  did  not  return  in  time  to  participate  in  the 
mounted  engagements. 

PAUL  BURGESS,  Logan  County,  was  captured  at  Whippoorwill 
Bridge,  November,  1861,  and  detained  in  prison  about  two  years, 
but  was  finally  exchanged,  and  fought  at  Chickamauga,  where  he 
was  wounded,  and  in  some  other  battles  that  the  company  engaged 
in  afterward. 

L.  F.  BOLTON,  Edmonson  County,  was  in  several  of  the  infantry 
engagements,  but  it  is  not  definitely  remembered  whether  he 
served  as  mounted  trooper  or  not. 

HENRY  BEATTY,  Logan  County,  was  transferred  to  the  company, 
July,  1864,  and  fought  with  it  at  Utoy  Creek,  Jonesboro',  and  in 
the  mounted  engagements.  He  had  fought  with  another  command 
in  the  earlier  engagements. 

WM.  BEAUCHAMP,  Daveiss  County,  fought  in  most  of  the  battles; 
was  wounded  at  Baton  Rouge  and  Resaca;  was  captured  at  In 
trenchment  Creek,  and  detained  in  prison  until  about  the  close  of 
the  war. 

C    C.  BEASLEY,  Cloverport,  fought  at  Hartsville. 

NATHAN  BOARD,  Breckenridge  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicks 
burg,  and  in  most  of  the  other  engagements  up  to  Chickamauga, 
where  he  was  wounded  by  a  Minie-ball  that  penetrated  the  brain, 
but  did  not  instantly  kill  him.  He  lay  nine  days  in  that  condi 
tion,  and  then  died.  He  was  awarded  medal  of  honor  for  gallant 
and  meritorious  conduct  on  the  field. 

D.  J.  BURKS,  Logan  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Vicksburg,  and 
was  discharged,  November,  1862,  being  under  age. 


840  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

JOSEPH  BOLTON,  Edmonson  County,  was  wounded  in  battle  at 
Shiloh  and  captured,  and  died  in  prison  at  Camp  Chase. 

A.  J.  BAILEY,  Logan  County,  fought  at  Shiloh;  was  permanently 
disabled  by  wound  received  there,  and  was  discharged,  October, 
1862. 

W.  W.  BADGER,  Hawesville,  was  appointed  fifth  sergeant,  Sept.  30, 

1861,  and  was  promoted  to  first  sergeant,  Sept.  20,  1863.    Fought 
at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mis 
sion  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca;  from  Resaca  to  At 
lanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days 
at  Jonesboro',  and  in   the  mounted  engagements,    till  about  a 
month  prior  to  the  close,  when  he  was  detailed  to  take  charge  of 
the  regimental  papers  and  baggage,  at  Washington,  Ga. 

J.  WILSON  BAIRD,  Logan  County,  was  a  sergeant  in  the  Eighteenth 
Tennessee  Infantry,  and  was  transferred  to  this  company  in  Oc 
tober,  1862,  retaining  his  non-commissioned  rank.  Fought  after 
ward  at  Hartsville,  'Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  Resaca,  Intrenchment  and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  Jones 
boro'.  He  was  wounded  at  Chickamauga. 

JOHN  BEARD,  Breckenridge  County,  was  discharged  on  account  of 
disability  by  disease,  October,  1862,  and  died  before  the  close  of 
the  war. 

JOHN  E.  COOK,  Logan  County,  fought  at  Whippoorwill  Bridge,  and 
escaped  capture;  remained  on  duty  with  the  company  till  Novem 
ber,  1862,  when  he  was  discharged,  being  under  age. 

THOMAS  B.  CLARKE,  Logan  County,  was  transferred  from  the 
Eighteenth  Tennessee  Infantry,  October,  1862,  and  fought  after 
ward  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  in  some  of  the  engagements  on  the  Dalton  and  Atlanta 
campaign,  and  in  the  fights  of  the  mounted  infantry.  He  was 
wounded  at  Jonesboro'. 

SQUIRE  CUMMINGS,  Grayson  County,  was  discharged  soon  after 
having  enlisted,  on  account  of  disability  by  disease. 

BUFORD  CUMMINGS,  Grayson  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at 
Shiloh. 

RICHARD  COONEY,  Daveiss  County,  died  of  disease  at  Bowling 
Green,  soon  after  having  enlisted. 

E.   W.   DENT,   Cloverport,  was  elected  second  lieutenant,   Jan.  3, 

1862,  but  resigned  some  time  afterward  and  served  with  More- 
head's  partisan  rangers  till  they  were  ordered  to  the  infantry, 
when  he  rejoined  his  old  company  and  fought  with  it  at  Stone 
River  and  other  important  battles,  among  which  Jonesboro'  is 
remembered.     He  fought  also  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

WM.  DYER,  Breckenridge  County,  was  wounded  in  battle  at  Shiloh, 
April  7,  and  died  from  the  effects  of  it,  May  7,  1862. 

ALLEN  DERRYBERRY,  Logan  County,  fought  in  some  of  the  en 
gagements  up  to  Jackson. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  841 

JAMES  C.  DODSON,  Grayson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  in  most 

of  the  other  battles,  both  as  infantry  and  mounted  infantry.     He 

was  wounded  at  Resaca. 
JAMES  L.  DAVIDSON,  Ohio  County,  was  one  of  the  sergeants  of 

the  company,  and  fought  in  most  of  the  battles  with  it.      He  was 

wounded  at  Jonesboro'. 
M.  V.  DYER,  Breckenridge  County,  fought  in  several  of  the  infantry 

engagements,  and  in   all  those  of  the   mounted  men.      He  was 

wounded  at  Chickamauga. 
R.  S.  DOBBIN,  Kentucky,  was  a  member  of  the   Eighth  Kentucky, 

but  escaped  capture  at   Donelson,   and  reported  to  Col.  Hunt. 

He  was  taken  up  on  the  rolls  of  Co.  G,  and  was  in  one  or  two 

battles  with  it,  after  which  he  died  of  disease. 

J.  W.  EVANS,  Hawesville,  was  one  of  the  regimental  musicians,  but 
was  sometimes  on  the  field  with  the  infirmary  corps,  and  was 
painfully  wounded  at  Chickamauga  while  on  that  duty. 

J.  N.  FLOWERS,  Logan  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was  wound 
ed  there;  fought  also  at  Vicksburg,  Hartsville,  Stone  River, 
Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and 
Resaca;  from  Resaca  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment 
Creeks,  and  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  July  22,  1864. 

R.  E.  FARMER,  Logan  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Harts 
ville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  and  Resaca;  from  Resaca  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree, 
Intrenchment  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in 
the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  wounded  at  Chickamauga. 

A.  G.  FISHER,  Logan  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and  in 
nearly  all  the  other  engagements  of  his  company  to  the  close. 
He  was  wounded  at  Chickamauga. 

MARK  FISHER,  Robertson  County,  Tenn.,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicks 
burg,  and  Hartsville. 

JOE  FISHER,  Logan  County,  was  wounded  in  battle  at  Shiloh,  and 
died  from  the  effects  of  it  shortly  afterward. 

H.  J.  FISHER,  Logan  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  in  other  impor 
tant  engagements.  He  was  wounded  at  Shiloh  and  Chicka 
mauga. 

A.  J.  GROSS,  Cloverport,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  and  Resaca;  from  Resaca  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  In 
trenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  both  days  at  Jonesboro'.  He 
was  wounded  at  the  latter  place  and  captured,  but  escaped  and 
rejoined  company  in  a  few  days.  After  the  command  was  mount 
ed  he  was  sent  out  on  a  scout  in  the  region  of  Rock  Mountain, 
and  was  again  captured.  He  was  put  on  board  cars,  and  started 
for  a  Northern  prison,  but  escaped  while  passing  through  Ten 
nessee,  made  his  way  back  through  the  country,  then  in  entire 
possession  of  the  Federals,  rejoined  his  command  again,  and  took 
part  in  the  closing  operations — sometimes  scouting,  sometimes 
righting  in  the  ranks. 


842  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

A.  H.  GILBERT,  Logan  County,  was  generally  unfitted  by  disease 
for  duty  in  the  ranks,  but  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and  Harts- 
ville.  He  was  sent  to  hospital,  Jan.  n,  1863,  and  is  supposed  to 
to  have  died. 

JAMES  GRIFFIN,  Logan  County,  was  transferred  to  this  company 
from  a  Tennessee  regiment,  August,  1864,  and  took  part  in  the 
subsequent  operations. 

J.  B.  GORDON,  Logan  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Vicksburg. 

A.  J.  GEE,  Logan  County,  was  one  of  the  sergeants  of  the  company, 
and  fought  in  most  of  the  battles  of  1862  and  1863,  after  which 
he  died  of  disease. 

S.  G.  GIVEN,  Logan  County,  died  of  disease  at  Burnsville,  Miss., 
1862. 

D.  B.  GORDON,  Logan  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  with  the  company 
of  Capt.  King,  and  nothing  further  is  known  of  him. 

H.  N.  HAYNES,  Breckenridge  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh. 

J.  AV.  HAMPTON,  Logan  County,  fought  in  all  the  battles  of  the 
company  till  the  close. 

OTHO  HAYDEN,  Logan  County,  was  transferred  from  the  Eight 
eenth  Tennessee  Infantry,  October,  1862.  Fought  afterward  at 
Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca;  from  Resaca  to  Atlanta;  at 
Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days  at  Jones- 
boro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

MIKE  HEAD,  Logan  County,  was  a  member  of  the  Eighth  Ken 
tucky,  but  escaped  capture  at  Donelson,  reported  to  Col.  Hunt, 
and  was  taken  up  on  the  roll  of  Co.  G.  He  fought  at  Stone 
River  and  in  several  other  engagements  up  to  Kenesaw  Moun 
tain,  where  he  was  wounded  and  disabled  for  further  service  dur 
ing  the  war. 

W.  F.  HOLCOMB,  Hancock  County,  was  transferred  from  a  cavalry 
command,  November,  1861,  and  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
and  in  various  other  engagements.  In  one  of  the  earlier  ones  he 
lost  a  finger,  and  again,  at  Chickamauga,  he  lost  another. 

CUB  HOWARD,  Cloverport,  was  one  of  the  regimental  teamsters 
until  after  the  battle  of  Baton  Rouge,  when  he  was  detailed  to 
drive  Gen.  Breckinridge's  ambulance,  and  continued  to  do  so  as 
long  as  the  general  kept  to  the  field.  After  the  surrender,  he  ac 
companied  him  to  Cuba,  and  thence  to  Canada. 

NEHEMIAH  HAYDEN,  Hancock  County,  was  discharged  on  ac 
count  of  disease,  October,  1862,  but  afterward  joined  a  cavalry 
company,  and  served  with  it  during  the  war. 

WILLIAM  B.  HALDEMAN,  Louisville,  was  not  at  first  an  enlisted 
member  of  any  company,  but  entered  the  ranks,  and  fought  at 
Jackson  and  Chickamauga.  He  then  spent  some  time  in  the  naval 
academy,  after  which  he  joined  this  company  and  took  part  in  the 
subsequent  engagements. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  843 

A.  J.  HAYDEN,  Hancock  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  died  of  dis 
ease  at  Jackson,  Miss.,  1862. 

ROBERT  HAYS,  Breckenridge  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh. 

T.  J.  JACKSON,  Breckenridge  County,  fought  at  Baton  Rouge, 
Chickamauga,  and  Mission  Ridge ;  was  captured  near  Ringgold, 
Ga.,  November,  1863,  and  died  in  prison. 

C.  C.  KIGER,  Logan  County,  was  transferred  from  the  Eighteenth 
Tennessee  Infantry,  October,  1862,  and  afterward  fought  at  Stone 
River  and  Jackson. 

JOHN  KIGER,  Logan  County,  was  assigned  to  the  company  by 
special  order,  November,  1863,  but  was  soon  afterward  dis 
charged,  being  under  age. 

JOSEPH  KIRBERG,  Cloverport,  fought  with  the  company  in  sev 
eral  of  its  battles  up  to  Chickamauga,  where  he  was  mortally 
wounded,  and  died  in  a  short  time. 

ALBERT  KEITH,  Meade  County,  served  a  short  time  with  cavalry, 
but  joined  this  company  at  Bowling  Green,  and  fought  at  Shiloh, 
Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  and  Chickamauga. 

FRANK  KEITH,  Meade  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and 

Baton  Rouge;  was  mortally  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  Aug.  5, 

1862. 
J.  W.  LAWSON,  Hawesville,  was  generally  unfitted  by  ill  health  for 

duty  in  the  ranks,  but  fought  at  Stone  River  and  in  the  mounted 

engagements. 

ELI  H.  LAWSON,  Hawesville,  fought  at  Shiloh  and  Vicksburg.  He 
had  a  thigh  terribly  mangled  at  the  latter  place  by  a  piece  of  shell 
weighing  four  and  a  quarter  pounds,  but  had  almost  recovered  of 
the  wound  when  he  took  sick,  and  died  of  disease. 

JOHN  C.  LINDSAY,  Hancock  County,  fought  at  Stone  River. 

THOMAS  LINDSAY,  Hancock  County,  died  of  disease  at  Jacksport, 
Ark.,  1862. 

WM.  LINDSAY,  Breckenridge  County,  was  one  of  the  infirmary  de 
tail  at  Shiloh;  was  captured  atTuscumbia  River,  Miss.,  while  on 
picket  duty,  June,  1862. 

J.  W.  LAWRENCE,  Adairsville,  was  transferred  from  a  cavalry  com 
pany,  early  in  1863,  and  was  appointed  corporal;  fought  afterward 
at  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and 
Resaca,  from  Resaca  to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment, 
and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted 
engagements. 

JESSE  LOCKETT,  Obion  County,  Tenn.,  was  transferred  from  the 
Fifty-first  Tennessee  Infantry,  December,  1862,  and  fought  after 
ward  at  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga;  was  wounded 
at  the  latter  place ;  fought  also  at  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
and  Resaca;  from  Resaca  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree  and  Intrench 
ment  Creeks ;  was  captured  at  the  latter  place,  and  did  not  return 
in  time  to  participate  in  the  closing  engagements. 


844  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

W.  LOCKETT,  Hancock  County,  fought  in  some  of  the  earlier  bat 
tles,  but  which  specific  ones  are  not  remembered;  was  one  of  the 
McMinnville  Guard,  March  and  April,  1863,  and  was  captured 
there,  but  rejoined  company  after  having  been  exchanged,  and 
fought  at  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and 
Resaca;  from  Resaca  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and 
Utoy  Creeks,  and  at  Jonesboro',  at  which  latter  place  he  was 
killed,  Sept.  i,  1864. 

WM.  MOORE,  Logan  County,  was  in  nearly  all  the  infantry  engage 
ments  of  his  company ;  was  wounded  at  Chickamauga  and  at 
Jonesboro';  was  captured  at  the  latter  place,  and  kept  in  prison 
till  the  close  of  the  war. 

J.  B.  McCLENDON,  Logan  County,  was  transferred  from  the  Eight 
eenth  Tennessee  Infantry,  October,  1862,  and  fought  afterward  at 
Harts ville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca;  from  Resaca  to  Atlanta;  at  Peach- 
tree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro', 
and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  wounded  at  Intrench 
ment  Creek. 

J.  N.  McCLENDON,  Logan  County,  was  transferred  from  the  Eight 
eenth  Tennessee  Infantry,  October,  1862,  and  fought  afterward 
at  Hartsville  and  Stone  River.  Died  of  disease  at  Lauderdale 
Springs,  Miss.,  1863. 

H.  H.  MOSELEY,  Logan  County,  was  in  all  the  battles  of  the  com 
pany  to  Chickamauga,  where  he  was  wounded  and  disabled  for 
further  service. 

W.  C.  MOSELEY,  Logan  County,  was  one  of  the  sergeants  of  the 
company,  and  in  nearly  all  the  infantry  engagements.  He  was 
killed  by  a  cannon  shot  at  Intrenchment  Creek,  July  22,  1864. 

FRED  MOOSE,  Breckenridge  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
and  Baton  Rouge;  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place. 

JOSEPH  MILLER,  Grayson  County,  died  of  disease,  1862. 

PETE  MURRAH,  Logan  County,  was  transferred  from  the  Eighteenth 
Tennessee  Infantry,  October,  1862,  and  fought  afterward  at 
Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap  and  Resaca;  from  Resaca  to  Atlanta;  at  Peach- 
tree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks,  and  at  Jonesboro',  at 
which  latter  place  he  was  killed. 

JOHN  MURRAH,  Logan  County,  was  left  sick  in  Kentucky,  Feb 
ruary,  1862,  and,  after  having  recovered,  joined  a  cavalry  com 
mand,  and  served  with  it. 

MIKE  McCARDEN,  Logan  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Stone  River,  and  Jackson.  He  was  wounded  at 
Baton  Rouge. 

WM.  MURPHY,  Logan  County,  fought  in  one  or  two  of  the  earlier 
engagements,  and  was  discharged,  November,  1862,  being  under 
age. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  845 

MITCHELL  MILLER,  Grayson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  and 
Vicksburg. 

T.  J.  MOORE,  Logan  County,  was  transferred  from  a  Tennessee 
regiment,  August,  1864;  fought  at  Jonesboro',  and  was  killed 
there. 

WALKER  NASH,  Grayson  County,  fought  in  several  of  the  earlier 
important  engagements;  was  severely  wounded  at  Chickamauga; 
was  placed  on  the  corps  of  sharpshooters  at  Dalton,  and  was  en 
gaged  almost  every  day  during  the  four  months'  campaign  from 
that  place.  After  the  command  was  mounted,  he  was  usually 
employed  a  scout,  and  sometimes  sent  out  on  important  tours  of 
observation  to  the  enemy's  flank  and  rear. 

OBADIAH  NEWMAN,  Breckenridge  County,  was  appointed  ser 
geant,  October,  1861  ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  died  of  disease  in 
Arkansas,  May,  1862. 

J.  S.  NEWMAN,  Hancock  County,  was  in  nearly  all  the  battles  of 
the  infantry;  was  one  of  the  McMinnville  Guard,  March  and 
April,  1863  ;  and  was  killed  in  battle  at  Jonesboro'. 

ED  NEWMAN,  Hancock  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh, 
April  6,  1862. 

MAC  NEWMAN,  Kentucky,  died  of  disease  at  Stone  River,  De 
cember,  1862. 

G.  W.  NAPIER,  Hawesville,  was  in  some  of  the  earlier  engagements, 
and  died  of  disease  at  Catoosa  Springs,  Ga. 

WM.  A.  ORNDORFF,  Russellville,  was  one  of  the  corporals  of  the 
company,  and  took  part  in  every  battle  except  that  of  Baton 
Rouge.  He  still  carries  a  ball  in  his  left  arm,  received  at  Shi 
loh. 

JOHN  ORAM,  Cloverport,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and  perhaps 
another  engagement  or  two;  and  was  captured  at  McMinnville, 
April,  1863. 

J.  H.  PEARSON,  Logan  County,  was  in  several  of  the  infantry  and 
in  the  mounted  engagements  to  the  close,  and  was  wounded  at 
Resaca.  He  was  one  of  the  McMinnville  Guard,  March  and 
April,  1863. 

S.  P.  POOLE,  Breckenridge  County,  was  not  enlisted  till  April  20, 
1862.  He  was  generally  unfitted  by  ill  health  for  duty  in 
the  ranks,  but  fought  at  Vicksburg,  and  in  some  other  engage 
ments  at  different  times  during  the  war. 

SAMUEL  A.  PORTER,  Breckenridge  County,  was  appointed  cor 
poral,  October,  1861.  Fought  at  Baton  Rouge,  Jackson,  and 
Chickamauga.  He  carried  the  regimental  colors  at  Jackson  and 
Chickamauga ;  and  he  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place  and  dis 
abled  for  further  service  during  the  war. 

ALFRED  H.  PEYTON,  Hardinsburg,  was  appointed  sergeant,  Oc 
tober,  1 86 1,  but  was  detailed  soon  afterward  for  duty  in  the  com 
missary  department,  and  served  in  that  capacity  during  the  war. 


846  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

H.  P.  POOLE,  Breckenridge  County,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh. 

H.  P.  PULLIAM,  Logan  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca ;  from  Resaca  to  Atlanta ; 
at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  and  was  killed  on 
the  skirmish  line  at  the  latter  place,  August,  1864. 

E.  R.  PENNINGTON,  Breckenridge  County,  was  appointed  first  ser 
geant,  September,  1861.  Fought  at  Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face 
Gap,  Resaca,  and  at  other  points  during  the  summer  campaign  of 
1864.  He  was  captured  while  on  a  scout,  near  Atlanta,  after  the 
fall  of  that  place,  and  did  not  return  in  time  to  participate  in  the 
closing  engagements. 

HENRY  C.  RUTHERFORD,  Logan  County,  was  one  of  the  cor 
porals  of  the  company,  and  fought  in  several  of  the  infantry  en 
gagements.  He  was  killed  on  the  skirmish  line  near  Atlanta, 
1864. 

S.  C.  RUSSELL,  Logan  County,  fought  at  Shiloh ;  was  wounded 
there  and  permanently  disabled. 

RICHARD  R.OBERTS,  Logan  County,  was  in  almost  every  battle 
and  skirmish  to  the  close ;  and  was  wounded  at  Chickamauga  and 
Resaca.  He  was  wounded  in  left  wrist  at  the  latter  place,  and 
permanently  disabled. 

•THOMAS  W.  STITH,  Cloverport,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  and  Jackson;  and  after 
ward  died  of  disease.  For  gallant  conduct  at  Shiloh  he  was  men 
tioned  in  the  colonel's  report,  and  was  appointed  color-sergeant; 
and  he  was  detailed,  April  9,  1862,  to  carry  banners  and  other 
trophies  of  the  battlefield  to  Richmond. 

THOMAS  STROTHER,  Logan  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  in 
nearly  all  the  other  engagements  up  to  Intrenchment  Creek, 
where  he  had  an  arm  carried  away  by  a  cannon-shot.  He  was 
wounded  also  at  Shiloh  and  at  Chickamauga. 

BEN  SMEATHERS,  Daveiss  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was 
wounded  there.  He  was  then  employed  as  teamster  for  the  regi 
ment  till  some  time  in  1863,  when  he  reentered  the  ranks,  and 
fought  at  Chickamauga,  where  he  was  wounded  in  both  hands. 
After  having  recovered,  he  was  again  detailed  as  teamster,  and 
served  in  this  capacity  during  the  remainder  of  the  war. 

I).  SCANLAN,  Ireland,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  some  other  engage 
ments  during  the  war.  He  was  wounded  at  Shiloh,  and  was  cap 
tured  at  Jonesboro',  Aug.  31,  1862,  and  did  not  return  in  time  to 
take  part  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

WM.  INLOW  SMITH,  Breckenridge  County,  fought  at  Shiloh.  Was 
discharged,  May,  1862,  being  under  age. 

D.  W.  SIMMONS,  Logan  County,  was  discharged,  September,  1862, 
being  under  age. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  847 

RICHARD  SHACKELFORD,  Logan  County,  fought  at  Shiloh  and 
Vicksburg.  Was  discharged,  November,  1862,  being  under  age. 

NOAH  STOVALL,  Logan  County,  was  appointed  third  sergeant  of 
Capt.  King's  company,  1861.  He  was  on  the  Infirmary  Corps 
at  Shiloh,  and  fought  in  other  engagements  up  to  Chickamauga, 
where  he  was  killed  Sept.  20,  1863. 

JAMES  STRATTON,  Logan  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
and  Baton  Rouge.  Obtained  a  furlough  after  the  army  reached 
Stone  River,  in  the  autumn  of  1862,  and  died  of  disease  while 
absent. 

JASPER  TOMS,  Grayson  County,  was  one  of  the  corporals  of  the 
company,  and  fought  in  a  number  of  the  infantry  engagements, 
in  one  of  which,  at  Jonesboro',  he  was  severely  wounded,  and 
disabled  for  further  service  during  the  war. 

E.  J.  TOWNSEND,  Logan  County,  fough't  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chicka 
mauga.  He  was  mortally  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  and  died 
a  few  days  afterward. 

ROBERT  K.  TAYLOR,  Scotland,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Chicka 
mauga,  Sept.  20,  1863. 

B.  C.  TISON,  Logan  County,  was  in  every  engagement  up  to  Chick 
amauga.  He  was  wounded  at  Shiloh,  and  was  killed  at  Chicka 
mauga. 

GEO.  W.  WILLIAMS,  Hancock  County,  was  one  of  the  corporals  of 
the  company,  and  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and  in  other  en 
gagements  up  to  Chickamauga,  where  he  was  wounded  and  dis 
abled  for  further  duty  in  the  ranks.  He  afterward  died  of  disease 
at  Newnan,  Ga. 

JOSEPH  WHITEFIEL1),  Grayson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh. 

M.  S.  WILSON,  Breckenridge  County,  was  detailed  for  secret  service 
under  Gen.  Buckner,  1861,  and  remained  under  his  orders  until 
after  the  fall  of  Donelson,  when  he  rejoined  the  company  and 
took  part  in  its  engagements  until  Buckner  was  exchanged,  when 
he  again  entered  the  secret  service.  Besides  other  duty,  more  im 
mediately  connected  with  the  army,  he  visited  all  the  principal 
Northern  cities,  but  finally  took  small-pox  and  died  in  Illinois. 

GREENVILLE  WOOSLEY,  Edmonson  County,  fought  at  Shiloh, 
Vicksburg,  and  Baton  Rouge.  He  was  wounded  at  the  latter 
place,  and  disabled  for  further  duty  in  the  ranks,  and  afterward 
died  of  disease  at  Catoosa  Springs,  Ga. 

DAVID  YOUNGER,  Logan  County,  was  almost  all  the  time  unfitted 
by  ill  health  for  duty  in  the  ranks,  but  took  part  in  some  of  the 
engagements,  and  sometimes  did  detail  duty  in  hospitals. 


848  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 


COMPANY  H,  NINTH  REGIMENT. 

CHRISTIAN  BOSCHE,  Germany,  was  elected  first  lieutenant,  Oct 
7,  1861,  and  was  elected  captain,  April  25,  1862.  Fought  with 
the  company  in  various  engagements  during  the  years  1862  and 
1863,  though  he  was  much  of  that  time  in  command  of  the 
Pioneer  Corps.  He  was  assigned  to  duty,  April  3,  1864,  as  A. 
A.  I.  G.  on  Bate's  staff,  and  served  with  that  officer  on  the  field 
during  the  summer  campaign  of  that  year.  After  the  command 
was  mounted  he  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  detail  of  saddlers 
sent  to  Newnan,  and  continued  in  that  duty  till  January,  1865, 
when  he  rejoined  the  brigade  and  took  part  in  the  subsequent  en 
gagements.  Died  in  Louisville  in  December,  1890. 

HENRY  CURD,  Kentucky,  was  elected  first  lieutenant,  April  25, 
1862,  and  was  appointed  adjutant,  June  i,  1862.  Fought  at 
Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville,  and  Stone  River,  and  was 
killed  at  the  latter  place. 

HENRY  BUCHANAN,  New  York,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
Oct.  1 8,  1 86 1,  and  was  reflected,  April  25,  1862.  He  was  pro 
moted  to  first  lieutenant  in  1862.  Fought  at  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca ;  from  Resaca  to  Atlanta ; 
at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  and  both  days  at 
Jonesboro'.  After  the  brigade  was  mounted,  he  was  placed  in 
command  of  a  company  of  scouts,  and  continued  in  that  service 
till  December,  1864,  after  which  he  was  some  time  with  the  dis 
mounted  men,  and  then  took  part  in  the  closing  engagements. 

PETER  H.  O'CONNOR,  New  York,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
May  14,  1862.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and  Baton  Rouge, 
after  which  he  was  so  disabled  by  ill  health  as  to  be  unfitted  for 
further  duty  in  the  line  during  the  war. 

LEONARD  H.  ATWELL,  Kentucky,  was  elected  second  lieutenant, 
Jan.  22,  1863.  Fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Harts 
ville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky 
Face  Gap,  and  Resaca;  from  Resaca  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree, 
Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in 
the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  wounded  at  Shiloh  and  Baton 
Rouge. 

LEANDER  W.  APPLEGATE,  Louisville,  was  one  of  the  sergeants 
of  the  company,  and  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge, 
Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca;  from  Resaca  to  Atlanta;  at  Peach- 
tree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro', 
and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  wounded  at  Chicka 
mauga  and  at  Resaca.  At  Jonesboro',  September  i,  when  the 
Federal  soldiers  began  to  turn  the  flank  of  the  Ninth  Regiment, 
and  ordered  it  to  surrender,  this  man  ventured  an  attempt  to  save 
the  colors,  and  succeeded — escaping  unhurt  with  them  to  the 
rear. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  849 

JAMES  ASHFORD,  Kentucky,  was  one  of  Morehead's  Partisan 
Rangers,  and  was  attached  to  this  company  in  November,  1862. 
Fought  afterward  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chicka- 
mauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca.  He  was 
wounded  at  Chickamauga,  and  killed  at  Resaca. 

ED  ASHER,  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  fought  in  most  of  the  engagements  dur- 
the  first  two  years,  and  was  wounded  at  Chickamauga 

ALHENAN  BARRE,  Trimble  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chicka 
mauga,  and  was  disabled  for  life  by  the  loss  of  an  arm  at  the  lat 
ter  place,  Sept.  20,  1863. 

J.  T.  BERRY,  Louisville,  was  enlisted  after  the  battle  of  Shiloh,  and 
was  appointed  sergeant,  Oct.  15,  1862.  He  fought  at  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
and  Mission  Ridge.  He  was  transferred  to  the  navy,  April  n, 
1864. 

R.  S.  BERRY,  Kentucky,  was  in  some  of  the  earlier  engagements, 
but  was  detailed,  June  4,  1863,  f°r  duty  in  the  ordnance  depart 
ment,  under  Maj.-Gen.  W.  H.  C.  Whiting,  Wilmington,  N.  C. 

JACOB  BROWN,  Germany,  was  enlisted  at  Corinth,  April,  1862, 
and  fought  in  several  engagements,  and  was  almost  always  on  the 
field  as  bugler  when  not  fighting  in  the  ranks. 

C.  M.  BERRY,  Kentucky,  was  one  of  Morehead's  Partisan  Rangers. 
He  was  attached  to  this  company,  November,  1862,  and  fought 
afterward  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca ;  from  Resaca  to 
Dallas;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  at  Jones- 
boro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  wounded  at 
Chickamauga. 

ALEXANDER  BARRY,  Louisville,  was  enlisted  at  seventeen  years 
of  age ;  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and  Baton  Rouge,  and  was 
killed  at  the  latter  place. 

RICHARD  F.  BARNES,  Texas,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  and  Resaca;  from  Resaca  to  Dallas; 
at  Peachtree  and  Intrenchment  Creeks,  and  was  killed  at  the  lat 
ter  place,  June  22,  1864. 

W.  W.  CHAMBERLAIN,  Louisville,  was  one  of  the  sergeants  of 
the  company,  and  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge, 
Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca.  He  was  killed  at  the  latter  place, 
May  14,  1864. 

JAMES  L.  GATES,  Texas,  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge, 
Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca.  He  was  transferred,  July  27, 
1864,  to  Co.  C,  Tenth  Texas  Cavalry. 

WILLIAM  A.  CLOVER,  Kentucky,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  died 
shortly  afterward  of  disease,  at  Okolona,  Miss. 


850  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

JOHN  CONNELLY,  Kentucky,  was  one  of  Morehead's  Rangers, 
and  was  attached  to  this  company,  November,  1862.  He  par 
ticipated  in  most  of  the  engagements  after  that  date,  both  in 
fantry  and  cavalry. 

W.  D.  COLEMAN,  Kentucky,  was  one  of  Morehead's  Partisan  Ran 
gers,  and  was  attached  to  this  company  in  November,  1862.  He 
took  part  in  nearly  all  the  subsequent  battles  and  skirmishes,  and 
was  wounded  at  Chickamauga. 

JOHN  COYLE,  Louisville,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca;  from  Resaca  to  At 
lanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days 
at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

GEORGE  CARDINAL,  Canada,  was  one  of  Morehead's  Partisan 
Rangers,  and  was  attached  to  this  company  in  December,  1862. 
He  fought  afterward  at  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
Mission  Ridge,  and  was  transferred,  April  u,  1864,  to  the  navy. 
He  was  wounded  at  Chickamauga. 

ANDREW  CRONAN,  Ireland,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca;  and  was  killed  at  the  lat 
ter  place.  He  was  wounded  at  Chickamauga. 

ISAAC  DUCKWALL,  Louisville,  was  captured  at  Whippoorwill 
Bridge,  Dec. 4,  1861,  but  rejoined  company  after  the  exchange,  and 
took  part  in  almost  every  subsequent  engagement  to  the  close. 

BEN  DAVIS,  Louisville,  is  represented  by  some  of  his  officers  as 
having  taken  part  in  every  engagement. 

JOHN  DICKMAN,  Germany,  was  enlisted  in  May,  1862,  and  fought 
at  Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca;  from  Resaca  to 
Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both 
days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements. 

WM.  E.  DAVIS,  Kentucky,  was  one  of  Morehead's  Rangers,  and 
was  attached  to  this  company  in  November,  1862.  Fought  after 
ward  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga,  and 
afterward  served  with  a  cavalry  command. 

S.  P.  DORRIS,  Texas,  was  enlisted,  May,  1862,  and  took  part  in 
most  of  the  subsequent  engagements  up  to  Pine  Mountain,  at 
which  place  he  was  killed,  June,  1864. 

E.  B.  DORRIS,  Texas,  was  in  some  of  the  engagements  prior  to 
May  2,  1863,  when  he  was  transferred  to  Co.  H,  Fifteenth  Texas 
Infantry. 

E.  P.  ELLIOTT,  Kentucky,  was  wounded  in  battle  at  Shiloh.  No 
other  facts  are  known  to  the  writer. 

CHARLES  EDWARDS,  Kentucky,  was  enlisted  in  May,  and  killed 
at  Vicksburg  in  ]ulv,  1862. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  851 

PETER  FRITZ,  Louisville,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca;  from  Resaca  to  Atlanta; 
at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at 
J.onesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  wounded 
at  Baton  Rouge  and  at  Jackson. 

CHARLES  FREEBURG,  Louisville,   fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
and  Baton  Rouge,  and  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,   Aug.  5, 
1862. 

WM.  FIFE,  Louisville,  was  killed  in  battle  at  Shiloh. 

JOHN  FOX,  Louisville,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge, 
Hartsville,  and  Stone  River.  He  was  wounded  at  the  latter  place 
and  disabled  for  further  service  during  the  war. 

JAMES  L.  FORTINBERRY,  Texas,  was  enlisted  at  Corinth,  May, 
1862,  and  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
and  Resaca;  from  Resaca  to  Atlanta;  and  at  Peachtree  and  In 
trenchment  Creeks.  He  was  killed  at  the  latter  place,  July  22, 
1864. 

PETER  GOOD,  Kentucky,  was  one  of  Morehead's  Partisan  Rangers, 
and  was  attached  to  this  company,  November,  1862.  Fought  after 
ward  in  almost  every  engagement  to  the  close. 

JOHN  GOLDEN,  Kentucky,  was  one  of  Morehead's  Partisan  Ran 
gers,  and  was  attached  to  this  company  in  November,  1862.  He 
was  generally  incapacitated  by  disease  for  duty  in  the  ranks,  but 
remained  to  the  last,  and  was  employed  in  various  detail  service. 

GEORGE  GRAINGER,  Louisville,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
and  Mission  Ridge.  He  was  transferred  to  the  navy,  April  11, 
1864,  and  was  one  of  the  party  that  afterward  attacked  and  cap 
tured  the  Water  Witch. 

JOHN  GOSSON,  Germany,  was  enlisted  in  May,  1862,  and  took 
part  in  every  subsequent  engagement. 

HENRY  H.  GILLESPIE,  Texas,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Hartsville,  and  Stone  River.  He  was  transferred,  May 
2,  1863,  to  Co.  H,  Fifteenth  Texas  Infantry. 

ROBERT  C.  GRAVES,  Texas,  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge, 
Hartsville,  and  Stone  River.  He  was  transferred,  May  2,  1863, 
to  Company  H,  Fifteenth  Texas  Infantry,  and  afterward  lost  an 
arm  at  Chickamauga. 

JOHN  GATON,  Ireland,  was  in  nearly  every  engagement  of  his  com 
pany  up  to  Chickamauga,  where  he  was  killed. 

A-  W.  HOPTON,  Kentucky,  was  one  of  the  corporals  of  the  com 
pany,  after  December,  1862,  at  which  time  he  was  attached,  hav 
ing  served  with  Morehead's  Rangers.  Fought  in  most  of  the 
subsequent  engagements  to  the  close,  and  was  wounded  at  Chick 
amauga  and  at  Jonesboro'. 


852  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

HIRAM  GARR,  Louisville,  was  killed  at  Oakland  Station,  Ky.,  by 
the  explosion  of  a  boiler  in  a  mill  at  which  he  was  doing  some 
grinding  for  his  regiment,  January,  1862. 

JULIUS  HERR,  Germany,  was  an  old  "  soldier  of  fortune,"  and 
had  fought  with  the  German  armies,  with  the  army  of  Great 
Britain  in  the  campaigns  against  the  Sepoys,  etc.  He  was  enlist 
ed  in  this  company  in  May,  1862,  and  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson  and  Chickamauga.  He 
was  wounded  at  the  latter  place,  and  died  from  the  effects  of  it 
shortly  afterward,  in  Atlanta. 

JOHN  HUGHES,  Louisville,  was  one  of  the  sergeants  of  the  com 
pany,  and  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and  Baton  Rouge.  He 
was  killed  at  the  latter  place. 

ROCK  HERRON,  Kentucky,  was  one  of  the  corporals  of  the  com 
pany,  and  fought  in  almost  every  engagement  to  the  last.  He 
was  wounded  near  Statesboro',  Ga. 

A.  J.  HARRISON,  Texas,  was  enlisted,  May,  1862,  and  fought  at 
Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville,  and  Stone  River.  He  was 
transferred,  May  2,  1863,  to  Co.  H,  Fifteenth  Texas  Infantry. 

ERNEST  HALEY,  Germany,  was  enlisted  in  May,  1862,  and  fought 
at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
and  Chickamauga.  He  was  mortally  wounded  at  the  latter  place, 
and  died  in  Atlanta  shortly  afterward. 

JAMES  HUNT,  Kentucky,  was  enlisted  in  May,  1862,  and  fought 
at  Vicksburg  and  Baton  Rouge.  He  was  wounded  at  the  latter 
place,  and  disabled  for  further  duty  during  the  war. 

JAMES  M.  HARMON,  Texas,  was  enlisted  after  the  battle  of  Shiloh, 
and  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville,  and  Stone 
River.  He  was  transferred,  May  2,  1863,  to  Co.  H,  Fifteenth 
Texas  Infantry.  He  was  wounded  during  the  siege  of  Vicks 
burg,  July,  1862. 

JOHN  H.  HENDERSON,  Kentucky,  was  one  of  Morehead's  Par 
tisans,  and  was  attached  to  this  company  in  November,  1862. 
He  fought  afterward  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chick 
amauga,  and  Mission  Ridge. 

ROBERT  H.  HESTER,  Kentucky,  was  one  of  Morehead's  Par 
tisan  Rangers,  was  attached  to  this  company  in  November,  1862; 
fought  at  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Mission  Ridge, 
and  was  transferred  to  the  navy,  April  n,  1864. 

H.  C.  JOHNSON,  Texas,  was  enlisted  after  the  battle  of  Shiloh,  and 
fought  at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jack 
son,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca. 
He  was  transferred,  July  27,  1864,  to  Co.  C,  Tenth  Texas 
Cavalry. 

JOHN  JANUARY,  Kentucky,  was  one  of  Morehead's  Rangers,  and 
was  attached  to  this  company  in  November,  1862.  He  fought  in 
nearly  every  one  of  the  subsequent  engagements,  and  was 
wounded  at  Chickamauga. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  853 

JAMES  JOHNSON,  Kentucky,  was  captured  at  Whippoorwill  Bridge, 
November,  1861 ;  rejoined  company  after  having  been  exchanged, 
September,  1862,  and  fought  at  Hartville,  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca; 
from  Resaca  to  Atlanta  ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy 
Creeks ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engage 
ments  till  December,  1864,  when  he  was  captured,  and  was  de 
tained  in  prison  till  after  the  termination  of  the  war. 

C.  R.  JORDAN,  Texas,  was  enlisted  in  May,  1862,  and  fought  at 
Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville,  and  Stone  River.  He  was 
transferred,  May  2,  1863,  to  Co.  H,  Fifteenth  Texas  Infantry. 

I ACK  KELLEY,  Kentucky,  was  one  of  the  Partisan  Rangers,  at 
tached  to  this  company  in  November,  1862.  He  was  generally 
employed  afterward  as  brigade  butcher. 

DAVID  KIMBERLY,  Louisville,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Mis 
sion  Ridge. 

i'ETER  KAY,  Kentucky,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge, 
and  Hartsville.  He  was  killed  at  the  latter  place. 

WM.  KINMAN,  Kentucky,  was  one  of  the  sergeants  of  the  company, 
and  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga.  He  was  awarded  medal  of 
honor  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  at  Stone  River,  and 
was  killed  at  Chickamauga. 

KONSHATTOUNTZCHETTE,  or  Flying  Cloud,  was  a  Mohawk 
Indian  chief,  and  served  awhile  with  Gen.  Jeff  Thompson,  then 
with  Morehead's  Partisan  Rangers,  was  then  attached  to  this  com 
pany,  November,  1862,  and  fought  with  it  at  Stone  River,  Jack 
son,  and  Chickamauga;  was  dreadfully  wounded  in  the  face  on 
the  latter  field — a  ball  shivering  and  destroying  a  large  portion  of 
the  upper  jaw.  After  this,  he  was  long  disabled,  but  rejoined  the 
command  in  the  autumn,  and  took  part  in  the  mounted  operations. 

M  ATT  LEWIS,  Louisville,  was  one  of  the  sergeants  of  the  company, 
and  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap, 
and  Resaca;  from  Resaca  to  Atlanta;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment, 
and  Utoy  Creeks  ;  both  days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted 
engagements.  Died  in  Louisville,  Sept.  2,  1895. 

RICHARD  T.  LAMB,  Louisville,  was  not  enlisted  till  December, 
1862,  after  which  he  was  one  of  the  sergeants  of  the  company, 
and  fought  in  nearly  every  subsequent  engagement. 

JOHN  P.  LAPAILLE,  Louisville,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Kidge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca;  from  Resaca  to  Atlanta; 
at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks;  both  days  at 
Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  He  was  wounded 
there. 

MOODY  LASSITER,  Louisville,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and 
Baton  Rouge,  and  was  killed  at  the  latter  place. 


854  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

GREEN  H.  LASSITER,  Louisville,  was  one  of  Morehead's  Partisan 
Rangers,  and  was  attached  to  this  company  in  November,  1862. 
He  fought  afterward  in  almost  every  engagement  of  the  company 
up  to  Kenesaw  Mountain,  where  he  was  killed,  June,  1864. 

ED  S.  LAUDERBACK,  Kentucky,  was  one  of  Morehead's  Rangers, 
and  was  attached  to  this  company  in  November,  1862.  He 
fought  afterward  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chick- 
mauga. 

THOMAS  LIVELY,  Louisville,  was  a  member  of  the  First  Kentucky 
Infantry,  and  served  in  Virginia  until  that  regiment  was  dis 
banded.  He  then  joined  this  company  during  the  siege  of  Vicks- 
burg,  and  fought  at  Baton  Rouge,  where  he  was  killed,  Aug.  5, 
1862. 

MATT  LITTLE,  Kentucky,  was  one  of  the  Partisan  Rangers  ;  was 
attached  to  this  company,  November,  1862  ;  fought  at  Harts 
ville  and  Stone  River;  and  was  transferred  to  the  navy,  April, 
1863. 

WM.  J.  LITTLE,  Kentucky,  was  a  member  of  the  First  Kentucky 
Infantry,  and  served  in  Virginia  till  that  regiment  was  disbanded; 
he  then  joined  this  company,  but,  having  been  wounded  in  Vir 
ginia,  he  was  disabled  for  duty  in  the  ranks.  He  was  also  un 
der  age,  and,  in  a  short  time  after  having  reenlisted,  he  was 
discharged. 

JOE  M.  LEE,  Texas,  was  enlisted  at  Corinth,  after  the  battle  of  Shi- 
loh,  and  was  in  several  of  the  engagements,  prior  to  May  2,  1863, 
when  he  was  transferred  to  Co.  H,  Fifteenth  Texas  Infantry. 

A.  LOVELL,  Kentucky,  was  one  of  Morehead's  Partisans,  and  was 
attached  to  this  company,  November,  1862  ;  fought  at  Stone 
River,  was  left  sick  on  the  retreat  to  Tullahoma,  and  was  cap 
tured. 

WM.  McFATRIDGE,  Kentucky,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga, 
Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca;  from  Resaca 
to  Atlanta ;  at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks ;  both 
days  at  Jonesboro',  and  in  the  mounted  engagements.  He  was 
wounded  at  Baton  Rouge. 

HIRAM  MALLORY,  Kentucky,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca;  from  Resaca  to  Atlanta; 
at  Peachtree,  Intrenchment,  and  Utoy  Creeks  ;  and  at  Jonesboro'. 
He  was  wounded  at  Shiloh. 

WM.  McGREEVEY,  Kentucky,  was  enlisted  after  the  battle  of  Shi 
loh,  and  took  part  in  almost  every  subsequent  engagement  to  the 
close. 

WM.  B.  MOONEY,  Texas,  was  enlisted,  May,  1862  ;  fought  at  Vicks 
burg,  Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville,  and  Stone  River ;  was  trans 
ferred  to  Co.  H,  Fifteenth  Texas  Infantry,  May  2,  1863. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  855 

JOHN  NICHOLAS,  Greece,  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  was  wounded 
there  ;  he  fought  also  at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville, 
Stone  River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Mission  Ridge.  He  was 
transferred  to  the  navy,  April  1 1,  1864,  and  afterward  died  of  dis 
ease  at  Richmond,  Va. 

J.  NELSON,  Texas,  was  enlisted  after  the  battle  of  Shiloh,  and  took 
part  in  a  number  of  the  subsequent  engagements,  up  to  April  26, 
1864,  when  he  was  transferred  to  Co.  C,  Twenty-third  Tennessee 
Infantry. 

S.  D.  POER,  Texas,  was  enlisted  after  the  battle  of  Shiloh,  and 
fought  at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville,  and  Stone  River. 
He  was  transferred  to  Co.  H,  Fifteenth  Texas  Infantry,  May  2, 
1863. 

WM.  POWER,  Kentucky,  was  one  of  the  Partisan  Rangers  ;  was  at 
tached  to  this  company,  November,  1862,  and  took  part  in  some 
of  the  subsequent  engagements. 

GODFREY  POLFUS,  Germany,  was  enlisted  after  the  battle  of  Shi 
loh,  and  took  part  in  all  the  subsequent  engagements.  He  was 
wounded  at  Baton  Rouge. 

JOHN  W.  RICKETTS,  Louisville,  is  believed  to  have  been  in  every 
engagement  of  his  company,  and  was  wounded  at  Resaca. 

JOHN  E.  ROCKHOLT,  Kentucky,  was  enlisted  after  the  battle  of 
Shiloh,  and  took  part  in  all  the  subsequent  engagements.  He 
was  wounded  at  Chickamauga. 

JOHN  RHODES,  Texas,  was  enlisted  after  the  battle  of  Shiloh,  and 
fought  in  all  the  subsequent  engagements,  up  to  July,  1864,  when 
he  was  killed  in  a  skirmish  at  Kenesaw  Mountain. 

ALBERT  RHEA,  Texas,  was  enlisted  May,  1862,  and  fought  at 
Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  and  Hartsville.  He  was  killed  at  the 
latter  place,  Dec.  7,  1862. 

FRANK  ROWELL,  Kentucky,  was  one  of  Morehead's  Partisans; 
attached  to  this  company  in  November,  1862.  He  fought  at 
Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga;  was  wounded 
at  the  latter  place,  and  died  from  the  effects  of  it  at  Newnan,  Ga. 

AUGUSTUS  REYNAUD,  Louisville,  was  not  enlisted  till  after  the 
battle  of  Shiloh  ;  was  made  one  of  the  sergeants  of  the  company; 
fought  at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jack 
son,  Chickamauga,  and  Mission  Ridge;  was  wounded  at  Chicka 
mauga;  and  was  transferred  to  the  navy,  April  u,  1864. 

]).  A.  SMITH,  Texas,  was  not  enlisted  till  May,  1862;  fought  at 
Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson, 
Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Rocky  Face  Gap,  and  Resaca; 
was  transferred,  July  27,  1864,  to  Co.  C,  Tenth  Texas  Cavalry; 
and  was  afterward  killed  near  Atlanta. 

THOMAS  STEVENS,  Kentucky,  was  one  of  the  sergeants  of  the 
company,  and  took  part  in  almost  every  engagement  of  his  com 
pany  to  the  close.  He  was  wounded  at  Intrenchment  Creek. 


856  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

CHARLES  SMITH,  Kentucky,  was  one  of  the  Partisan  Rangers, 
and  was  attached  to  this  company,  in  November,  1862.  He  fought 
at  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  and  Jackson. 

JERRY  SULLIVAN,  Kentucky,  was  one  of  Morehead's  Rangers, 
and  was  attached  to  this  company  in  November,  1862.  He  took 
part  in  nearly  every  subsequent  engagement  to  the  close.  He  was 
wounded  at  Chickamauga. 

A.  M.  SWIMM,  Kentucky,  was  not  enlisted  till  after  the  battle  of 
Shiloh;  fought  then  at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone 
River,  Jackson,  Chickamauga,  and  Mission  Ridge.  He  was 
wounded  at  Chickamauga;  and  was  transferred  to  the  navy,  April 
1 1,  1864. 

LEV  I  W.  SURRATT,  Texas,  was  not  enlisted  until  after  the  battle 
of  Shiloh.  He  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville, 
and  Stone  River;  was  transferred,  May  2,  1863,  to  Co.  H,  Fif 
teenth  Texas  Infantry ;  and  was  afterward  wounded  in  battle  at 
Chickamauga. 

JOHN  S.  SHACKLETT,  Kentucky,  was  one  of  the  Partisan  Ran 
gers,  and  was  transferred  to  this  company,  November,  1862.  He 
fought  at  Hartsville  and  Stone  River;  and  was  transferred  to  the 
navy,  April,  1863. 

LOUIS  STOLSENBERG,  Germany,  was  enlisted  in  May,  1862,  and 
fought  in  the  subsequent  engagements  of  his  company.  He  was 
wounded  at  Baton  Rouge. 

NELSON  UNDERWOOD,  Louisville,  is  represented  as  having  been 
in  every  engagement  of  his  company,  and  never  wounded. 

J.  L.  VAUGHAN,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  was  one  of  Morehead's  Partisan 
Rangers,  and  was  attached  to  this  company,  November,  1862. 
He  fought  at  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga, 
and  was  killed  at  the  latter  place. 

ANDREW  WRIGHT,  Louisville,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  Baton 
Rouge,  Hartsville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga.  He 
was  permanently  disabled  by  loss  of  a  leg  at  the  latter  place, 
Sept.  20,  1863. 

RICHARD  WILBURN,  Texas,  was  enlisted  in  May,  1862,  and 
fought  at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville,  and  Stone  River. 
He  was  transferred  to  Co.  H,  Fifteenth  Texas  Infantry,  May  2, 
1863. 

WM.  H.  WALKER,  Texas,  was  enlisted  in  May,  1862,  and  fought 
at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Hartsville,  and  Stone  River.  He 
was  transferred  to  Co.  H,  Fifteenth  Texas  Infantry,  May  2,  1863. 

FRANK  WOODSON,  Louisville,  was  generally  unfitted  by  ill  health 
for  duty  in  the  ranks,  and  finally  died  of  disease,  in  Atlanta. 

P.  W.  WOODWARD,  Texas,  enlisted  in  May,  1862,  and  fought  in 
some  of  the  subsequent  engagements,  up  to  May  2,  1863,  when 
he  was  transferred  to  Co.  H,  Fifteenth  Texas  Infantry. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADK.  857 

CHARLES  ZEIGLER,  Germany,  was  enlisted  at  Corinth,  after  the 
battle  of  Shiloh,  and  fought  at  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Harts- 
ville,  Stone  River,  Jackson,  and  Chickamauga.  He  was  mortally 
wounded  at  the  latter  place,  and  died  soon  afterward. 


BYRNE'S  BATTERY. 

The  action  of  Light  Artillery,  under  command  of  Captain  (after 
ward  Major)  Byrne,  in  two  battles  with  the  Kentucky  Brigade,  those 
of  Shiloh  and  Stone  River,  has  been  treated  of  heretofore ;  but  we 
may  notice  here  the  origin  and  organization  of  the  battery,  and  some 
incidents  not  elsewhere  alluded  to. 

When  it  was  announced  that  South  Carolina  had  passed  the  ordi 
nance  of  secession,  Edward  P.  Byrne,  a  native  of  Kentucky,  but  re 
siding  at  that  time  in  Washington  County,  Miss.,  determined  to 
recruit  and  organize  a  company  of  Light  Artillery,  and  accordingly 
set  about  the  work.  He  repaired  to  Memphis,  and  contracted  with 
<,)uinby  &  Robinson  for  the  manufacture  of  six  brass  field  pieces,  and 
Nvith  Street  £  Hungerford  for  carriages  and  caissons.  This  was  the 
first  battery  manufactured  in  Memphis,  and  was  furnished  to  Capt. 
l>yrne,  and  contributed  to  the  service,  by  the  citizens  of  Washington 
County,  Miss.  The  guns  were  four  six-pounders  and  two  twelve- 
pound  howitzers;  the  company  consisted  of  a  fine  body  of  the  better 
<  lass  of  young  men — Kentuckians  and  Mississippians;  the  horses 
were  excellent,  and  largely  in  excess  of  what  was  actually  demanded 
lor  the  officers  and  for  draught ;  and  the  whole  was  thoroughly  and 
handsomely  equipped. 

Pending  the  manufacture  of  the  guns  and  equipments,  Capt.  Byrne 
proceeded  to  Louisville,  where  he  met  Colonels  Temp  Withers  and 
Robert  A.  Johnson,  who,  aided  by  some  of  the  prominent  and  wealthy 
c  itizens  of  that  city,  were  completing  their  arrangements  for  recruiting 
the  Second  Regiment  of  Infantry,  as  observed  in  the  preceding  part 
of  this  work.  Meanwhile,  however,  he  had  contemplated  adding  the 
battery,  when  completed,  to  the  forces  at  Charleston,  and  telegraphed 
t )  Gen.  Beauregard  to  know  if  he  desired  more  artillery,  whereupon 
the  following  telegram  was  sent  to  Capt.  Lockwood  :  "  The  Confed 
erate  flag  now  floats  over  Fort  Sumter,"  and  that  night  of  wild  excite 
ment  ensued  in  Memphis  which  has  been  noted  by  others  as  a  part  of 
the  history  of  those  times. 

He  proposed  to  the  officers  aforementioned  that  he  would  attach  his 
battery  to  the  Kentucky  troops,  now  about  to  be  organized  on  the 
Tennessee  border,  but  remained  some  time  in  Louisville,  assisting  in 


858  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

transporting  recruits  and  their  effects  to  Camp  Boone,  and  participat 
ing  in  those  exciting  scenes  about  the  Nashville  depot,  where  the  Gov 
ernment  detective,  with  a  force  at  his  command,  was  constantly  on  the 
alert  to  prevent  what  he  was  pleased  to  denominate  blockade-running, 
and  would  have  prohibited  the  transportation  of  men  and  their  bag 
gage  to  the  rendezvous  on  the  border,  could  he  have  done  so  without 
arousing  the  fury  and  the  vengeance  of  the  friends  of  the  South  who 
gathered  about  the  outgoing  train  whenever  men  and  baggage  were  to 
be  shipped.  He  then  returned  to  Greenville,  Miss.,  and  organized 
his  battery  under  the  following  officers,  whose  commissions  bore  the 
dates  written  opposite  their  respective  names,  though  their  services 
began  at  a  time  even  prior  to  the  organization  : 

Edward  P.  Byrne,  captain,  July  13,  1861  ;  Guignard  Scott,  first 
lieutenant,  Aug.  29,  1861  ;  Thomas  Hinds,  first  lieutenant,  Oct.  9,  1861 ; 
Bayless  P.  Shelby,  second  lieutenant,  Aug.  29,  1861  ;  John  Joyes,  Jr., 
second  lieutenant,  Oct.  n,  1861.  Elias  13.  Lawrence,  of  Louisville, 
Ky.,  was  the  sergeant-major;  and  Frank  Peak,  of  Chicot  County, 
Ark. ,  was  first  sergeant.  Both  of  them  were  afterward  promoted  to 
be  lieutenants  of  artillery. 

Capt.  Byrne  reported  to  Col.  Robert  A.  Johnson,  then  commanding 
at  Camp  Boone,  early  in  August,  and  entered  upon  the  necessary 
drill  and  other  disciplinary  measures  to  secure  order  and  efficiency. 
He  was  well  supplied  with  blankets,  tents,  transportation,  and  what 
ever  else  was  requisite  to  the  comfort  of  his  men;  but  he  found  the 
new  recruits  who  had  gathered  there,  in  some  measure,  destitute  of 
blankets.  He  communicated  this  fact  to  the  ladies  of  Greenville  and 
the  country  immediately  surrounding,  when  they  took  from  their  beds, 
regardless  of  their  own  discomfort,  and  notwithstanding  the  liberal 
contributions  which  they  had  already  made,  five  hundred  pairs  of  fine 
blankets,  which  were  immediately  shipped  to  Camp  Boone,  for  the 
battery  and  the  Second  Regiment. 

When  Gen.  Buckner  advanced  into  Kentucky,  Capt.  Byrne's  artil 
lery  was  sent  forward,  with  the  Second  Regiment,  to  Green  River, 
capturing  at  Bowling  Green  a  six-pound  gun,  which  was  added  to  the 
battery ;  and  he  was  here  instrumental  in  mounting  some  twenty-five 
or  thirty  men  who  had  come  out  with  Captain  (afterward  General) 
Morgan,  without  horses,  and  thus  materially  contributing  to  render  the 
afterward  famous  squadron  at  once  effective.  The  citizens  of  Wash 
ington  County,  Miss.,  had  furnished  him  a  number  of  horses  in  excess 
of  his  absolute  need  at  that  time,  and,  as  most  of  those  not  already 
under  harness  were  too  light  for  artillery  purposes,  and  could  be  made 
useful  chiefly  as  saddle  horses,  and  choosing  to  dispose  of  them  him 
self,  he  placed  them  at  the  disposal  of  Capt.  Morgan,  who  mounted 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADK.  859 

that  number  of  men  upon  them,  and  largely  increased  his  already  act 
ive  and  daring  scout. 

The  part  played  by  Byrne's  battery  at  Shiloh  will  be  found  in  our 
account  of  that  engagement.  After  the  battle,  when  the  reorganiza 
tion  of  the  Reserve  Corps  took  place,  Byrne  and  his  lieutenants, 
deeming  themselves  so  seriously  aggrieved  by  the  manner  in  which 
favors  were  distributed  as  to  make  service  in  another  command  more 
agreeable,  resigned,  and  the  battery  was  broken  up,  the  pieces  and 
appurtenances  thereto  being  turned  over  to  the  Department  of  Ord 
nance,  and  the  horses  to  the  Quartermaster's  Department,  while  the 
men  were  assigned,  some  to  Hoxton's  battery,  Light  Artillery,  and 
some  to  Cobb's.  But  their  conduct  on  that  first  terrible  field  had  been 
such  as  to  win  the  warmest  encomiums  of  the  general  and  other  officers 
who  witnessed  it,  and  they  were  awarded,  by  Beauregard,  the  post  of 
honor  at  the  last — being  selected  as  the  battery  that  was  to  aid  the  Re 
serve  Corps  in  covering  the  retreat,  and  arriving  in  Corinth  three  days 
after  the  main  artillery  force  engaged  had  reached  that  place. 

After  his  resignation,  Capt.  Byrne  repaired  to  Richmond,  and  was 
nominated  colonel  of  cavalry,  with  orders  to  report  to  Bragg,  which 
he  did  as  Bragg  was  moving  into  Kentucky.  After  the  return  of  the 
army  to  Murfreesboro',  he  was  offered  a  command  to  consist  of  all 
Kentucky  companies  not  regularly  brigaded  with  troops  of  their  own 
State,  but  preferred  the  command  of  a  battalion  of  horse  artillery  with 
Gen.  Morgan,  which  he  was  offered  and  which  he  accepted,  with  the 
rank  of  major,  before  his  nomination  as  colonel  was  acted  on  by  the 
Senate.  It  was  agreed  that  he  should  name  his  own  officers,  and  he 
selected  those  who  had  served  with  him  in  the  old  battery,  and  had 
distinguished  themselves  in  battle.  Among  them  were  Elias  D.  Law 
rence,  John  Joyes,  Jr.,  and  Frank  Peak,  lieutenants;  and  A.  G.  Tal- 
bott,  Danville,  Ky. ,  who  was  sergeant-major.  Other  worthy  names  of 
tie  old  company  we  have  found  it  impossible  to  procure,  except  those 
of  some  who  were  non-commissioned  officers  and  gunners  (and  we  have 
only  the  surnames  of  those),  which  may  be  sufficient,  however,  to 
identify  them.  They  were  Gantry,  McGrath,  Johnson,  and  Cleave- 
land,  01  Washington  County,  Miss.;  and  Wheatley  and  House,  of  Ken 
tucky.  Two  gunners  of  the  old  battery  were  Hawes,  of  Kentucky, 
and  Cleary,  of  Chicot  County,  Ark.  A  gunner,  by  name  Wilson,  is 
also  remembered.  Johnson  was  shot  through  both  hips  at  Shiloh;  and 
gunner  Wilson,  while  a  member  of  the  horse  artillery,  distinguished 
himself  greatly.  While  working  his  piece,  in  one  of  the  engagements 
in  which  he  took  part,  he  had  his  right  hand  shot  off,  but  refused  to 
leave  his  post,  wishing  still  to  behold  in  others  what  he  was  now  no 
longer  able  to  perform  himself. 


860  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

Maj.  Byrne,  as  has  been  seen,  was  detached  from  Gen.  Morgan, 
and  fought  with  Breckinridge's  division  at  Stone  River.  When  Gen. 
Morgan  returned  from  his  Kentucky  campaign,  he  rejoined  him,  and, 
with  his  battalion,  took  part  in  the  subsequent  operations  of  that  officer. 


GRAVES'S    BATTERY. 

In  November,  1861,  Rice  E.  Graves  was  promoted  to  captain  of 
artillery,  and  placed  in  command  of  a  battery  of  field  pieces,  manned 
by  some  men  enlisted  for  that  particular  service  and  others  detailed 
from  the  several  regiments  of  the  Kentucky  Brigade,  with  Co.  B, 
Fourth  Kentucky  Infantry,  entire.  This  company,  and  the  details 
and  recruits  alluded  to,  constituted  Graves's  Battery  at  Donelson, 
where  it  did  the  splendid  fighting  which  won  the  admiration  of  the 
Confederate  officers,  and  was  commented  on  by  the  enemy.  Several 
of  the  men  named  below  were  afterward  assigned  to  Cobb's  Battery, 
and  Co.  B  was  reunited  with  its  regiment  after  returning  from  prison, 
with  the  exception  of  a  few  noted  as  having  been  permanently  trans 
ferred  for  artillery  service  : 

RICE  E.  GRAVES,   captain. 
SELDEN  SPENCER,  first  lieutenant. 

ALBERT  C.  GIBSON,  first  lieutenant,  was  detailed  as  adjutant  of 
the  battery. 

MARSHALL  SPENCER,  second  lieutenant. 

JAMES  E.  RANKIN,  second  lieutenant,  was  detailed  as  commissary 

of  the  battery. 

THOMAS  R.  HOTCHKISS,  first  sergeant. 
JOSEPH  N.  BELL,  second  sergeant. 
CHARLES  B.  SCOTT,  third  sergeant. 

ANDREW  J.  MONTGOMERY,  fourth  sergeant,  was  detailed  for 
commissary  duty.  He  was  accidentally  shot  and  killed  in  George 
town  about  twenty-five  years  after  the  war. 

MAURICE  LANGHORNE,  fifth  sergeant. 
WILLIAM  HENRY,  sixth  sergeant. 
J.  J.  JACKSON,  seventh  sergeant. 
J.  J.  WILLIAMS,  first  corporal. 
JAMES  B.  PHILLIPS,  second  corporal. 
JOSEPH  H.  WOOLFOLK,  third  corporal. 
JOHN  H.  THOMAS,  fourth  corporal. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN   BRIGADE.  861 

HENRY  HAMILTON,  fifth  corporal. 

GEO.  S.  WOOD,  sixth  corporal,  was  captured  at  Donelson,  but 
escaped  from  Camp  Morton. 

HENRY  C.  COSTON,  seventh  corporal,  was  temporarily  detailed 
from  Co.  H,  Sixth  Kentucky  Infantry. 

OLIVER  B.  STEELE,  bugler,  was  afterward  an  officer  of  Co.  B, 
Fourth  Infantry. 

JOHN  TANDY  STANDEFUR,  bugler. 

PRIVATES: 

M.  J.  ANDERSON. 
WM.  BREWER. 
ALEXANDER  BURTON. 
ELI  BOHANNON,  was  killed  at  Donelson. 
SAMUEL  CREVISON. 
THOMAS  COLLINS. 
JAMES  C.  CLARK. 
JAMES  T.  CISSELL. 
WM.  COX. 
JOHNT.  DEMAR. 
WM.  DICKERSON. 
JAMES  FECHTSTRAWN. 

JACOB  FRIEND,  walked  out  of  Camp  Morton  in  broad  day  and 
escaped. 

] .  G.  FOG  ARTY,  fought  at  Donelson  ;  was  afterward  discharged  be 
cause  of  disability  by  disease. 

OWEN  GLASS,  escaped  from  Camp  Morton,  but  was  killed  in  Hen 
derson  (his  home)  County,  on  his  return,  by  Federal  Home 
Guards  from  Indiana. 

JOHN  HENNESSY.     (See  Cobb's  Battery.) 

MIKE  HENNESSY. 

WM.  SAXIE  JOHNSON. 

WM.  KNOX. 

JOHN  KNOX,  died  of  disease. 

WM.  KENNEDY. 

JAMES  S.  KENT. 

DAVID  E.  LUSBY,  was  captured  at  Donelson,  but  escaped  from 
Camp  Morton. 

JOHN  McGEE. 


862  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

JOHN  B.   MATTHEWS. 

A.  H.  MARSHALL. 

E.  P.  MARSHALL. 

J.  M.  MEDLEY. 

THOS.  H.  PLEMANS. 

GEO.  W.  PATTERSON. 

GEO.  W.  PATTON. 

JOHN  QUINN. 

MARTIN  RAFTER.      (See  Cobb's  Battery.) 

SAMUEL  STEWART. 

BEN  W.  SANDEFUR. 

WM.  E.  THOMPSON.      (See  Cobb's  Battery.) 

J.  W.  TUCKER. 

J.  T.  WILLIAMS. 

BRYAN  WORDICK. 

DAVID  WILLIAMS. 


COBB'S  BATTERY. 

This  artillery  has  been  so  often  referred  to,  in  the  course  of  the 
work,  that  it  is  scarcely  necessary  to  notice  it  at  length  as  a  separate 
organization. 

H.  B.  Lyon  (afterward  a  general  of  brigade,)  was  associated  with 
•Capt.  Cobb  in  the  recruiting  and  organizing  of  the  battery,  and  was  its 
first  captain;  but  he  was  promoted  to  colonel  of  the  Eighth  Kentucky 
Infantry  before  it  saw  any  service,  and  Cobb  was  promoted  to  captain. 
He  commanded  it  till  after  the  battle  of  Chickamauga,  when  he  was 
promoted  to  be  major  and  chief  of  artillery  on  the  staff  of  Gen.  Breck- 
inridge,  and  served  on  the  division  staff  during  the  remainder  of  the 
war.  He  was  engaged  with  his  battalion  of  artillery  almost  daily  from 
Dalton  to  Jonesboro',  during  the  campaign  of  1864,  and  acquitted 
himself  with  his  usual  gallantry,  and  with  all  the  promptness  and  ex 
cellent  judgment  which  had  characterized  him  previous  to  his  promo 
tion. 

The  following  is  the  roll  of  the  battery,  with  such  facts  relative  to 
the  individual  members  as  the  writer  has  been  able  to  obtain.  No  at 
tempt  is  made  to  indicate  each  man's  home  county  or  city,  as  no  reli 
able  record  is  now  to  be  had  ;  but  nearly  every  one  was  a  Kentuckian 
born  and  bred : 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  863 

ROBT.  L.  COBB,  captain.     (See  foregoing  note.) 

FRANK  P.  GRACEY,  first  lieutenant;  was  promoted  from  second 
lieutenant.  After  the  war  he  was  long  a  prosperous  and  very 
popular  citizen  of  Clarksville,  Tenn.  He  died  there  April  27, 
1895. 

ROBT.  B.  MATTHEWS,  first  lieutenant;  was  promoted  from  second 
lieutenant;  was  promoted  from  first  sergeant  to  the  latter  rank. 

BARTLEY  A.  JAMES,  second  lieutenant. 

ALEXANDER  B.  DAVIS,  second  lieutenant,  was  promoted  from 
the  ranks. 

JOHN  O.  SCOTT,  surgeon.      (See  biography.) 

C.  S.  BRUNSON,  assistant  surgeon,  was  transferred  from  Wilcox's 
cavalry  company. 

R.  B.  MATTHEWS,  assistant  surgeon,  was  appointed  Dec.  13,  1861. 
C.  C.  YANAWAY,  assistant  surgeon. 

R.  B.  MATTHEWS,  first  sergeant, -(afterward  assistant  surgeon.) 
N.  B.  YOUNG,  second  sergeant. 

JAMES  H.  BRINDLEY,  second  sergeant,  was  promoted  from  third 
sergeant. 

J.  M.  BARNES,  third  sergeant. 
FELIX  GREGORY,  fourth  sergeant. 

GEO.  E.  SARLLS,  fourth  sergeant,  was  promoted  from  sixth  cor 
poral. 

H.  L.  MACHEN,  fifth  sergeant. 

R.  RUDDIE,  fifth  sergeant. 

JOSEPH  M.  BARNETT,  sixth  sergeant. 

CHARLES  LEFFLER,  seventh  sergeant. 

THOMAS  WATTS,  eighth  sergeant. 

JOHN  PARMLY,  first  corporal. 

J.  M.  COLEMAN,  first  corporal,  was  wounded  at  Stone  River. 

JAMES  HUNTER,  second  corporal. 

JAMES  DARRAH,  second  corporal,  was  promoted  from  eighth  cor 
poral  ;  was  wounded  at  Hartsville. 

THOMAS  LIGHT,  third  corporal. 

JOHN  T.  HOGAN,  third  corporal,  was  promoted  from  tenth  cor 
poral  ;  was  wounded  at  Shiloh. 

ROBERT  L.  DUDLEY,  fourth  corporal.  He  was  from  Lynchburg, 
Va.;  was  transferred  from  Co.  B,  Fourth  Kentucky  Infantry; 
went  back,  after  the  war,  to  his  native  place. 

BETH  ROSS,  fourth  corporal. 


864  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

JOHN  LEONARD,  fifth  corporal,  was  wounded  at  Hartsville. 

J.  W.  HOWLETT,  fifth  corporal. 

JO.  H.  WOOLFOLK,  sixth  corporal. 

VAN  HAWLEY,  seventh  corporal. 

JAMES  RICH,  seventh  corporal. 

N.  W.  BAKER,  eighth  corporal. 

FRANK  CAMBY,  ninth  corporal. 

JNO.  T.  HOGAN,  tenth  corporal.      (See  preceding.) 

JAMES  M.  PATTERSON,  eleventh  corporal. 

JAMES  HILDRETH,  twelfth  corporal 

J.  W.  KIRLIN,  musician. 

FRANK  WELDON,  musician. 

GEORGE  FROST,  musician. 

J.  L.  COLE,  artificer. 

SAMUEL  RAINS,  artificer. 

WM.  PARMLEY,  artificer. 

PRIVATES. 

JOHN  D.  ANDERSON. 

M.  J.  ANDERSON. 

GEORGE  ANDERSON. 

HARRISON  ADAMS. 

JOHN  AARONS. 

DANIEL  BLACK. 

W.  B.  BENBRAY. 

R.  H.  BLACK. 

J.  EARNER. 

JACK  BOYD. 

H.  C.  BENNETT,  died,  Nov.  3,  1861. 

JOHN  J.  BENNETT. 

J.  B.  BEASLEY. 

L.  D.  BRINDLEY. 

WM.  BLACKMORE. 

JOHN  BROCKMAN. 

B.  F.  BAKER. 

ED  BIGGER. 

HENRY  BURNS. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  865 

J.  A.   BYER. 

J.  M.  BRYSON. 

COLE  BROWN. 

WM.  CATLEY. 

HOOPER  CHAMPLAIN. 

JOSHUA  CARNEY. 

LEWIS  CROUCH,  was  mortally  wounded  at  Stone  River. 

JOHN  A.  CRADDOCK. 

R.  P.  CRADDOCK. 

JAMES  CROCKER. 

JOHN  A.  COLT. 

JAMES  M.  COLEMAN. 

J.  P.  COLEMAN. 

F.  CAMBY. 

H.  T.  CROXTON,  was  discharged  Aug.  12,  1861. 

J.  CHAMBLISS,  was  discharged  Aug.  12,  1861. 

REUBEN  A.  CLARK. 

FRANK  CRIDER. 

T.  J.  CARNHILL,  was  wounded  at  Hartsville. 

ALEXANDER  CORWIN,  was  killed  at  Chickamauga. 

MIKE  CRONAN. 

SAMUEL  CREVISON. 

GEO.  COKLE. 

SAMUEL  DAVIS. 

JAMES  DOOM. 

GEO.  D.  DANIELS. 

F.  M.  DARRAH. 

SAMUEL  DUNN. 

B.  A.  DUDLEY. 

THOS.  DOUGHERTY. 

Z.  T.  DRAINE. 

JOHN  T.  DEMAR,  an  old  Mexican  soldier. 

J.  R.  DUDLEY,  was  at  one  time  a  sergeant. 

W.  H.  DICKERSON. 

J.  EAST. 

H.  ENGLISH. 

J.  T.  EAST. 

55 


866 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 


J.  EDWARDS. 

W.  E.  ETHERIDGE,  was  at  one  time  a  sergeant;    was   killed   at 

Hartsville. 

HENRY  FARRIER. 
GEO.  FROST. 
ALEXANDER  FRENCH. 
JAMES  FIELDS. 
MARION  FRALICH. 
L.  A.  FUQUA. 
STEPHEN  H.  GORDON. 
A.  W.  GUNNELS. 
L.  D.  GORDON. 
W.  R.  GLASS. 
G.  GRAY. 
JAMES  W.  GOBIN. 
M.  GRUDINGER. 
L.  P.  GREEN. 
F.  G.  GREGORY. 
J.  W.  GRESHAM. 
R.  C.  GREEN. 
GEORGE  HURLEY. 
THOMAS  W.  HOPSON. 

C.  G.  HUTTON,  was  wounded  at  Stone   River,  at  Jackson,  and  at 
Chickamauga.      Died  in  Chattanooga,  Jan.  13,  1896. 

TEMP  M.  HERMAN. 

J.  HILDRETH. 

T.  F.  HALLIDAY. 

H.  HUGHEY,  died  Aug.  15,  1861. 

GEO.  A.  HYATT. 

BENJ.  HERALD. 

B.  F.  HALLIDAY. 

JOHN  HENNESSY,  was  killed  at  Pine  Mountain,  1864,  by  a  Federal 
sharpshooter,  the  ball  striking  him  in  the  forehead. 

MIKE  HENNESSY. 

C.  B.  HANCOCK. 
R.  HARPER. 

A.  HETRICK. 
A.  HOLLAND. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  867 

S.  W.  HAMILTON. 

A.  G.  HEYDECK. 

J.  F.  HA  WES,  was  killed  at  Stone  River;  was  at  that  time  a  corporal. 

W.  S.  JOHNSON. 

A.  JOHNSON. 

L.  D.  JENKINS. 

LEVI  W.  JONES. 

JAMES  A.  JOHNSON. 

J.  A.  KING. 

THOMAS  KIRBY. 

WASHINGTON  KEATING. 

R.   KING. 

JAMES  LUTTRELL. 

N.  J.  LYON. 

NATHANIEL  LAKE. 

J.  T.  LEAR. 

R.  F.  LEAR,  was  wounded  at  Hartsville. 

C.  H.  LEFFLER. 

W.  M.  LEFFLER. 

JAMES  LUCAS. 

WM.  MARTIN. 

N.  MITCHELL,  died  Nov.  16,  1861. 

J.  R.  MURPHY. 

E.  C.  MACHEN. 

H.  MARSHALL,  was  discharged  Aug.  12,  1861. 

BEN  G.  MOORE. 

JOHN  C.  McMAHON. 

M.  McMAHOX. 

JASPER  MCDOWELL. 

L.  MARTIN  MILLER,  died  at  Bowling  Green,  1861. 

J.  R.  McGEE. 

P.  McDERMOTT. 

J.  McMURRAY. 

JOHN  MONTGOMERY. 

RILEY  MITCHELL. 

W.  O'BRIAN. 

[.  O'NEIL. 


868  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

W.  OSBORNE. 

WM.  ORR. 

T.  OLIVER,  was  killed  by  a  shell  on  the  second  day  at  Donelson. 

WASHINGTON  G.    OWEN,  was   transferred  from  Co.   B,  Fourth 

Kentucky  Infantry. 
C.  PETERSON. 
L.  B.  PARRENT. 
W.  A.  PARMLY. 
CALVIN  S.  PYLES. 
BURRELL  PYLES. 
WESLEY  PYLES. 
L.  PAYNE. 
NEWTON  PAYNE. 
GEO.  PAGE. 
L.  PIERCE. 

B.  F.  PERDUE,  was  wounded  at  Hartsville. 
S.  C.  PERDUE,  died  Dec.  16,  1861. 
B.  J.  ROSS. 
JOSEPH  RICH. 
J.  RULO. 
J.  J.  ROBERTS. 
H.  D.  ROLAND. 
MARTIN  RAFTER,  was  stabbed  and  killed  by  John  T.  Demar  in  a 

personal  quarrel. 
F.  B.  RUMAGE. 
JOHN  A.  ROSS. 
N.  RULO. 

SAMUEL  SALYERS,  was  discharged  Oct.  i,  1864. 
THOS.  C.  SKINNER. 
M.  SMITH. 

L.  M.  SCOTT,  was  discharged  Aug.  12,  1861. 
HENRY  SAUNDERS. 
CHARLES  B.  SCOTT. 
J.  STONE. 
T.  STIGALL. 
S.  SUMNER. 

JOHN  TANDY  STANDEFUR,  was  killed  at  Hartsville. 
L.  E.  SHAW. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  869 

J.  H.  TAYLOR. 

J.  TULLY,  was  discharged  Aug.  12.  1861. 

P.  M.  THURMAN. 

JAMES  TAYLOR. 

JOHN  H.  THOMAS,  was  wounded  at  Hartsville. 

W.  TUTT. 

WILLIAM  E.  THOMPSON,  lost  right  arm  on  Wayne's  Hill  at  Stone 
River,  Dec.  30,  1862. 

W.  R.  VINSEN. 

F.  M.  WADLINGTON. 

SAMUEL  WALKER,  was  discharged  Nov.  16,  1861. 
DAVID  WATTS,  was  killed  at  Hartsville. 
GEO.  WEBB. 
D.  WILLIAMS. 

G.  W.  WALTON. 
D.  WEBSTER. 

RICHARD  WHAYNE,  then  one  of  the  sergeants,  was  killed  at  Stone 
River,  Dec.  30,  1862, — one  of  his  legs  being  shot  off  while  his 
battery  was  in  action.  The  hill  where  the  battery  was  posted  was 
named  by  his  comrades,  in  his  honor,  Whayne's  Hill. 

HENRY  WILLIAMS,  was  transferred  from  Co.  B,  Fourth  Kentucky 
Infantry ;  was  wounded  at  Hartsville. 

W.  WHITE. 
R.  WHEATLEY. 
J.  WIGGINS. 
HORATIO  WITTY. 


THE   HELM   MONUMENT. 
Elizabeth  town. 


PART   IV. 
GENERAL  HISTORY 

OF  THE 

FIRST  KENTUCKY  CAVALRY. 


I  am  always  glad  to  think  and  write  about  the  gallant  old  First  Kentucky 
Cavalry.  It  was  as  brave  a  body  of  men  as  any  officer  had  the  good  fortune  to 
command.  If  I  sent  them  into  action  oftener  than  I  should  have  done,  it  was 
because  I  knew  they  would  be  equal  to  any  heroic  duty  which  might  be  imposed 
upon  them. 

— LIEUT.-GEN.  JOSEPH  WHEELER. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  873 


PREFATORY  NOTE. 

For  twelve  years  the  men  of  the  First  Kentucky  Cavalry  have  been 
known  as  "adopted  orphans" — this  term  associating  them  with  the 
First  Brigade  of  Infantry,  which,  as  noted  elsewhere,  it  has  pleased 
the  popular  fancy  nearly  ever  since  the  war  to  recognize  as  the  "Or 
phan  Brigade."  In  explanation  of  the  regiment's  having  become  co- 
possessor  of  the  pet  name,  and  of  its  being  included  in  this  volume 
ol  our  series  of  works  rather  than  in  the  one  devoted  exclusively  to 
Kentucky  Cavalry,  I  quote  the  account  of  its  adoption,  as  given  by 
the  Hon.  E.  Polk  Johnson  : 

"At  the  reunion  of  the  First  Kentucky  Brigade  of  Infantry,  at 
Elizabethtown,  Sept.  19,  1884,  on  the  occasion  of  the  reinterment  of 
the  remains  of  Gen.  Ben.  Hardin  Helm,  a  few  of  the  First  Kentucky 
Cavalry  attended  the  evening  session.  It  occurred  to  me  that  our 
regiment  was  alone  in  the  world,  so  to  speak.  We  did  not  belong  to 
the  Morgan  organization,  nor  regularly  to  any  other;  but  we  had  been 
organized  at  the  same  time  as  the  Orphans ;  had  served  now  and  again 
with  them;  had  given  them  our  colonel  for  a  commander,  who  died 
gloriously,  leading  them  at  Chickamauga,  and  we  had  now  finally 
helped  to  lay  him  away  beside  his  loved  ones.  On  the  impulse  of  the 
moment,  I  asked  the  Orphan  Brigade  to  adopt  us,  and  supported  the 
motion  in  the  strongest  speech  I  knew  how  to  make.  The  Hon. 
Frank  Camp,  of  Louisville,  also  a  member  of  the  First  Cavalry,  sec 
onded  my  motion  in  a  few  heartfelt  words  that  were  effective.  The 
old  boys  of  the  Infantry  seemed  at  first  not  to  understand  why  we 
cavalrymen  should  come  charging  into  their  camp;  but  no  one  spoke 
in  opposition  to  receiving  us.  Gen.  Lewis  made  a  few  earnest  and 
favorable  remarks  from  the  presiding  officer's  chair ;  the  vote  was 
taken,  and  the  First  Kentucky  Cavalry  was  formally  adopted  as  an 
honorary  member  of  the  Orphan  Brigade.  At  the  next,  and,  indeed, 
all  subsequent  meetings,  we  were  treated  as  active  members,  and  we 
have  always  been  proud  of  the  honor." 

The  tie  that  binds  the  two  commands  is  neither  purely  fictitious  nor 
dependent  wholly  upon  that  formality  which  put  the  First  Regiment 
on  record  as  being  one  of  this  distinctive  association  of  veterans. 
During  the  war,  as  above  intimated,  they  seemed  to  have  "no  abid 
ing  place"  with  any  prominent  organization,  but  were  knocked  about 
wherever  special  service  was  important,  and  hard  blows  were  con 
fidently  to  be  expected;  their  history  will  disclose  to  the  fair-minded 
and  attentive  reader  that  they  were  Kentuckians  to  the  core,  and  they 
have  a  common  possession,  the  name  and  fame  of  Ben  Hardin  Helm, 


874  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

— these  make  it  fitting  that  they  should  appear  together  on  the  lists" 
which  their  posterity  will  scan  when  they  would  learn  how  their  sires 
bore  themselves  in  that  period  of  pain  and  peril. 

All  who  hold  in  proud  and  affectionate  remembrance  the  name  and 
deeds  of  members  of  the  First  Kentucky  Cavalry  that  fell  in  battle ; 
who  have  a  patriot's  respect  for  such  as  suffered  and  fought,  yet  lived 
and  endured  to  the  end,  afterward  illustrating  in  peaceful  times  the 
civic  virtues,  but  have  since  gone  to  their  account;  who  recognize  the 
veterans  that  still  survive  as  their  worthy  representatives  in  keeping 
Kentucky's  honor  during  a  most  momentous  struggle;  who  appreciate 
the  fact  that  they  themselves  are  the  partakers  of  the  increased  fame 
which  their  fathers  and  brothers  and  friends  gave  to  their  native  State, 
— all  these,  as  well  as  the  old  soldiers  themselves,  owe  a  debt  of  grat 
itude  to  the  men  without  whose  aid  and  encouragement  the  author 
could  not  have  succeeded  in  achieving  any  real  success  in  making  up 
the  record  of  names  and  military  service,  and  bearing  due  testimony 
to  their  high  character  in  other  walks  of  life. 

It  should  be  noted  here  that  not  only  the  men  of  this  regiment,  but 
those  of  every  other  cavalry  command  that  went  from  the  State,  fur 
nished  their  own  horses  and  their  own  side  arms,  and  in  most  in 
stances  the  shotguns,  carbines,  muskets — whatever  long-range  guns 
they  bore  in  the  beginning  of  their  service.  Subsequent  supplies  of 
arms  and  ammunition,  better  patterns,  and  more  uniformity  were  due 
chiefly  to  their  own  prowess  and  not  to  the  War  Department. 

Those  who  have  contributed  useful  (in  many  instances  indispensable) 
information  are :  Gen.  Joseph  Wheeler,  of  Alabama,  in  whose  corps- 
the  First  Kentucky  saw  much  and  varied  service;  Col.  Wm.  C.  P. 
Breckinridge,  of  the  Ninth  Kentucky  Cavalry,  who,  for  some  time, 
commanded  the  Kentucky  Cavalry  Brigade,  of  which  the  First  Ken 
tucky  was  a  part ;  Robt.  S.  Sprake  and  Milford  Overley,  of  the  Ninth 
Kentucky  Cavalry;  and  of  the  First  Cavalry,  Wm.  T.  Ellis,  Jas.  H. 
Bozarth,  and  W.  T.  Aull,  Co.  A;  Capt.  Geo.  W.  Beckley,  E.  Polk 
Johnson,  B.  F.  Camp,  and  Joseph  E.  Vincent,  Co.  B;  John  M. 
Herndon,  and  W.  H.  Conder,  Co.  C  (second  organization);  Thomas 
D.  Ireland,  Co.  D  (original  organization);  Samuel  D.  Brooks,  and 
Wm.  H.  Smith,  Co.  D  (second  organization);  Wm.  Wallace  Herr, 
James  H.  Rudy,  and  F.  M.  Scrimsher,  Co.  E  (original  organization); 
Wm.  DeCoursey  Jones,  J.  Byron  Montgomery,  and  Joseph  L.  Davis, 
Co.  E  (second  organization);  Jno.  Will  Dyer,  Co.  F  (original  organ 
ization);  Geo.  W.  Quarles,  Co.  G;  and  Reuben  J.  Laughlin,  Co.  K 
(original  organization).  These  gentlemen  have  honorable  mention 
elsewhere  in  this  work. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  875- 


FIRST  KENTUCKY  CAVALRY. 


CHAPTER  I. 

ORGANIZATION    OF    THE    REGIMENT SUBSEQUENT    CHANGES — ERRONE 
OUS    DESIGNATION    BY    NUMBER    EXPLAINED. 

In  the  biography  of  Brig. -Gen.  Ben  Hardin  Helm,  his  relation  to 
the  family  of  President  Lincoln  is  given,  with  a  brief  account  of  his 
visit  to  Washington  after  the  inauguration,  when  the  matter  of  his 
again  taking  service  in  the  United  States  Army  was  discussed.  When  a 
major's  commission  was  afterward  forwarded  to  him,  in  accordance  with 
Mr.  Lincoln's  promise,  such  a  radical  change  in  the  aspect  of  affairs  had 
taken  place,  and  so  evident  was  it  that  his  acceptance  would  involve 
the  using  of  his  sword,  directly  or  indirectly,  for  the  coercion  of  the 
South,  and  against  those  of  his  own  people  in  Kentucky  who  shared 
his  feeling  of  opposition  to  this  policy,  he  rejected  it,  though  the  in 
ducement  was  held  out  to  him  that  he  would  be  sent  to  the  frontier, 
and  spared  the  necessity  of  engaging  in  fratricidal  strife.  This  was 
specious,  and  with  a  base  nature  it  would  have  availed.  He  felt  that 
partiality  for  the  old  army  which  characterizes  the  better  class  of  those 
who  have  been  trained  for  it  and  seen  service  therein.  Add  to  this 
that  his  connection  with  the  President  made  it  highly  probable  that 
successive  promotions  might  come  by  favor  rather  than  through  long 
and  arduous  service,  and  it  is  easy  to  be  perceived  that  here  was  a 
touchstone  that  would  detect  any  latent  selfishness  and  sordid  ambi 
tion.  Any  one,  however,  who  knew  his  race  and  lineage,  and  that  no 
degeneracy  marked  the  individual,  could  have  forecast  the  issue. 
Without  vulgar  parade  he  resented  the  bare  suggestion  that  he  could 
act  contrary  to  the  views  expressed  to  Mr.  Lincoln.  He  promptly 
offered  his  services  to  the  newly  organized  Southern  government,  and 
soon  thereafter  began  the  enlistment  of  volunteers  for  his  favorite  arm 
of  the  service. 

Such  was  the  man  by  whose  influence  and  exertions  the  First  Regi 
ment  of  Kentucky  Cavalry  was  recruited,  organized,  and  fitted  for  its 
work.  His  example  was  like  the  chieftain's  of  whom  it  was  said  that 

"  One  blast  upon  his  bugle-horn 
Was  worth  a  thousand  men." 


876  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

The  ten  companies  of  which  the  regiment  was  composed  were 
officered  as  indicated  in  rosters  and  lists  given  on  subsequent  pages  of 
this  work.  They  were  recruited  in  various  sections  of  the  State,  and 
more  generally  composed  of  a  superior  class  of  young  men  than  is 
usually  found  in  any  organization  of  like  numerical  strength.  Though 
eight  of  the  companies  enlisted  for  but  one  year,  it  has  been  said  that 
at  the  end  of  that  time  nearly  all  who  were  alive  and  able  to  do  mili 
tary  duty  reenlisted  in  this  and  other  commands — many  of  those  who 
took  service  elsewhere  being  advanced  to  official  positions. 

Co.  A,  designated  according  to  first  formation,  was  recruited 
chiefly  in  Christian,  Todd,  and  Trigg  Counties;  Co.  B  in  Christian 
and  contiguous  counties ;  Co.  C  in  the  fine  country  around  Mason- 
ville,  Daveiss  County ;  Co.  D  in  Hancock  and  Meade ;  Co.  E  in 
Jefferson  and  Oldham ;  Co.  F  in  Union ;  Co.  G  in  Warren ;  Co.  H 
in  Christian ;  Companies  I  and  K  in  Hopkins,  Webster  and  Caldwell. 

Helm  received  a  colonel's  commission  early  in  September,  1861,  and 
took  charge  of  the  regiment,  the  several  companies  of  which  had 
reached  Bowling  Green  from  various  directions  and  in  some  instances 
roundabout  ways  from  their  places  of  enlistment.  He  began  a  course 
of  training  which  soon  made  the  raw  recruit  a  soldier.  Dyer,  in  his 
interesting  reminiscences  of  the  command,  tells  in  a  few  words  the 
story  of  Helm's  first  lessons.  "Company  drill  in  the  forenoon,"  he 
says;  "  regimental  drill  in  the  afternoon;  brigade  drill  on  Friday;  in 
spection  on  Saturday ;  saber  exercise  between  times ;  and  guard  and 
fatigue  duty  to  occupy  leisure  hours." 

In  general,  volunteers  are  loath  to  submit  to  this  prompt  and  unre 
mitting  demand  for  preparation.  Especially  is  this  so  with  Kentuckians, 
who  are  peculiarly  impatient  of  control  and  restless  under  restraint; 
but  the  test  of  soldierly  qualities  in  men  is  the  readiness  with  which 
they  perceive  the  necessity  of  training,  and  respond  to  the  requirements 
of  a  capable  and  earnest  commander.  These  young  men,  in  their  first 
fever  of  excitement  and  enthusiasm,  were  no  exception  to  the  rule 
that  grumbling  followed  an  attempt  to  instruct  them  in  the  art  of  war, 
and  reduce  them  to  discipline ;  they  felt  themselves  capable  of  riding 
down  by  mere  force  of  concerted,  though  not  scientifically  organized 
action,  any  reasonable  or  unreasonable  odds;  but  their  leader  had  char 
acter  and  technical  skill  and  tact,  and  he  quickly  won  respect  and  con 
fidence.  Essential  training  was  kept  up,  and  soon  the  regiment  took 
on  the  necessary  machine  character  to  be  handled  with  precision  by  a 
competent  leader ;  but  it  has  never  been  in  the  power  of  any  man  or 
any  military  establishment  to  make  of  a  body  of  Kentuckians  a  mere 
machine.  The  feeling  of  personal  importance  and  personal  responsibility 
can  not  be  drilled  out  of  them,  and  disaster  to  the  verge  of  despair  can 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  877 

not  cow  it  out  of  them.  In  battle  each  feels  that  he  stands  for  himself, 
not  as  a  mere  dependent  element  of  a  corps.  He  strikes  his  blows  as 
though  victory  depended  on  his  single  arm;  he  thinks  of  himself  as 
being  personally  responsible  for  his  family  name  and  for  the  honor  of 
his  State.  He  is,  in  effect,  an  individual  Knight  Paladin,  with  the  ad 
vantage  that  he  has  been  taught  and  disciplined  to  act  in  close  method 
ical  concert  with  his  comrades,  and  thus  many  times  to  multiply  his 
offensive  and  defensive  self. 

The  influence  of  the  first  commander,  personally  and  professionally, 
was  felt  from  first  to  last.  He  taught  what  was  required  to  make  a 
soldier  and  a  regiment  of  soldiers ;  he  inspired  by  his  example  and 
communicated  his  loyal  temper  and  quiet  determination.  To  say  this 
detracts  nothing  from  the  fame  of  the  excellent  gentleman  and  true 
soldier  who  afterward  commanded,  nor  of  the  gallant  and  capable  field 
and  staff,  however  constituted,  from  time  to  time.  The  place  that  the 
regiment  will  take  in  history  is  their  place,  and  they  can  not  be  de 
preciated  by  special  notice  of  another. 

The  organization  underwent  changes — at  one  time  apparently  a  rad 
ical  change — but  its  individuality  was  never  destroyed.  The  second 
formation  was  around  a  veteran  nucleus  of  the  original,  and  it  was  still 
the  First  Kentucky  Cavalry.  Similar  to  the  physical  body  of  man,  that 
in  a  series  of  years  substitutes  new  particles  for  all  its  old  ones,  and 
yet  the  person  is  the  same,  this  military  body  assimilated  what  came  to 
it  and  did  not  yield  its  identity.  (For  account  of  first  and  subsequent 
formations,  see  remarks  on  rosters  and  lists.) 

The  War  Office  at  Richmond  fell  into  confusion  by  reason  of  some 
erroneous  numbering  of  regimental  returns  j  and  when  the  commis 
sioners  to  mark  location  where  the  troops  of  the  different  States  fought 
at  Chickamauga  met  there  for  their  work,  it  appeared  that  no  First 
Kentucky  had  any  part  or  lot  in  that  campaign  and  battle.  State 
Commissioner  Herr,  who  knew  the  facts,  indicated  the  proper  points 
at  which  to  place  stones  in  the  National  Cemetery ;  but  it  was  only 
after  correspondence  with  one  of  the  National  Commissioners,  Gen. 
Boynton,  at  Washington,  that  the  mistake  could  be  accounted  for. 
Herr's  declaration  to  Boynton,  while  engaged  in  the  work  of  examin 
ing  the  grounds,  that  the  First  Kentucky  was  in  the  campaign  and 
fought  on  the  field,  was  met  by  the  information  that  there  was  nothing 
in  the  records  to  show  it.  A  subsequent  examination  of  reports  showed 
that  the  Third  Kentucky  Cavalry,  commanded  by  Lieut. -Col.  Grif 
fith,  was  at  Chickamauga,  and  the  same  regiment  commanded  by  Col. 
Butler  was  at  Missionary  Ridge.  He  wrote  Gen.  Boynton  explaining 
the  error  of  designation.  The  latter  wrote,  Oct.  6,  1893  :  "  Please  to 
accept  thanks  for  your  letter.  It  clears  up  the  mystery.  I  have  sent 


B78  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

your  statement  to  Mr.  Kirkley,  of  the  War  Records  Office,  who  com 
piled  the  rosters.  When  I  receive  his  reply  as  to  how  the  error  oc 
curred  I  will  send  it  to  you."  Subsequently  he  wrote  (Oct.  24,  1893) : 
"  It  gives  me  great  pleasure  to  send  you  the  letter  of  Mr.  Kirkley,  of 
the  War  Records,  who  compiles  the  rosters  for  the  printed  volumes. 
You  will  see  that  he  has  already  discovered  the  facts  of  which  you 
wrote  me,  and  that  the  designation  has  been  changed  in  the  volumes 
on  the  Atlanta  campaign." 

I  extract  from  Kirkley's  letter  to  Boynton :  "  I  beg  to  say  that  Capt. 
Herr  is  correct  as  to  the  original  organization  of  the  First  Kentucky 
Cavalry  and  subsequent  consolidation  with  Col.  J.  R.  Butler's  regi 
ment.  According  to  the  muster-rolls  of  the  regiment,  after  consolida 
tion,  it  continued  to  be  known  as  the  First  Cavalry ;  but  the  Rich 
mond  authorities  designated  it  as  the  Third,  and  we  have  been  so  gov 
erned  in  the  preparation  of  our  rosters.  There  is  no  doubt  as  to  the 
identity  of  the  regiment.  ...  In  the  roster  of  the  Atlanta  campaign  I 
described  it  as  the  '  First  (Third)  Cavalry.'  Gano's  regiment,  to  which 
Capt.  Herr  refers,  was  known  at  Richmond  as  the  Seventh  or  the 
Third  Regiment  of  Morgan's  brigade." 

For  brief  notice  of  the  attitude  which  Kentucky  had  assumed  be 
fore  the  enlistment  of  the  various  regiments  for  the  Confederate  serv 
ice,  see  Chapter  II.  of  preceding  history  of  the  Orphan  Brigade.  I 
have  endeavored  there  to  set  out  in  as  clear  and  emphatic  terms  as 
possible  the  theories  upon  which  these  men  based  their  action — theo 
ries  which  they  still  hold  to  be  so  sound  as  to  warrant  the  claim  that 
they  fought — not  for  slavery,  not  for  sectional  aggrandizement,  nor  the 
gratification  of  sectional  animosity;  not  for  the  destruction  of  just 
government — but  in  defense  of  the  principles  essential  to  the  integrity 
of  the  States,  and  to  the  permanence  of  institutions  that  alone  can 
maintain  unimpaired  the  right  of  all  men  to  "life,  liberty,  and  the 
pursuit  of  happiness."  So  actuated,  they  have  never  admitted  that 
defeat  vitiated  their  claim  to  the  title  of  patriot  soldiers,  nor  abated 
the  proud  consciousness  which  possesses  all  generous  minds  when 
heroically  combating  error,  oppression,  or  usurpation  of  power.  As 
observed  in  the  connection  referred  to,  an  apologetic  tone  would  indi 
cate  a  lower  order  of  men  than  those  who  accepted  the  result  with  no 
other  mental  or  spoken  reservation  than  that  their  purity  of  purpose 
must  not  be  questioned,  and  then  set  earnestly  to  work  to  prove  their 
eminent  fitness  to  be  honored  citizens  of  the  government  established 
over  them  by  a  decision  adverse  to  their  arms,  but  by  them  accepted 
.as  one  to  which  they  would  thenceforth  give  allegiance. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  879 


CHAPTER  II. 
1861-1862.    , 

It  is  impossible  at  this  remote  period  to  write  the  history  of  the  First 
Kentucky  Cavalry  in  detail.  As  a  general  thing,  the  reports  of  offi 
cers  during  the  period  of  its  service  were  nothing  more  than  short 
communications  to  commanders,  giving  information  as  to  duty  per 
formed  in  locating  an  enemy  or  executing  other  specific  order ;  and 
these  papers  are  lost. 

The  general  reports  of  brigade,  division,  and  corps  commanders 
under  which  the  regiment  served  from  time  to  time  are  not  found  in 
published  records  to  relate  particularly  to  the  part  performed  by  it  in 
the  various  battles  and  raids;  and  of  regimental  reports  few  exist. 
For  the  most  part,  reports  were  made  by  Wheeler  and  Forrest,  and  of 
conrse  relate  to  large  bodies  of  troops  of  which  the  First  formed  a 
part. 

It  has  been  found  practicable,  however,  by  comparing  such  records 
as  are  preserved,  by  the  use  of  such  printed  papers  as  the  author  has 
collected  during  some  years,  and  particularly  by  the  generous  and 
hearty  assistance  of  survivors,  to  trace  its  movements  from  the  begin 
ning,  and  show  that  its  long  service  was  arduous  from  the  first,  almost 
continuous,  and  gallant  as  becomes  a  State  famous  for  soldiers  good 
and  true. 

From  the  autumn  of  1861,  when  it  was  temporarily  brigaded  with 
the  First  Infantry  Brigade,  till  May,  1865,  when  it  parted  with  Presi 
dent  Davis,  after  having  escorted  him  and  his  suite  from  Greensboro', 
N.  C.,  into  Georgia,  it  had  few  opportunities  for  real  rest  and  re 
cuperation. 

When  the  great  armies  lay  still  the  First  Kentucky  was  on  outpost 
duty,  generally  exacting  and  often  perilous,  or  operating  in  the  enemy's 
rear,  breaking  up  his  communications,  and  fighting  almost  daily. 
When  the  troops  of  all.  arms  went  on  long  expeditions  it  helped  to  cover 
their  front,  looking  out  for  danger  ahead ;  and  on  hazardous  retreats 
it  brought  up  the  rear,  fighting  by  day  and  picketing  by  night,  to 
make  a  show  against  pursuers  and  keep  them  in  check.  When  the 
main  army  joined  battle  with  its  antagonist  the  ever-reliable  First 
Kentucky  fought  his  threatening  flankers  or  threw  its  men,  dis 
mounted,  into  a  breach,  or  hastened  to  reinforce  a  weak  place  in  line ; 


880  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

but  when  the  battle  was  done,  and  infantry  and  artillery  could  rest  in 
camp  or  bivouac,  there  was  still  duty  for  it  to  do  on  front  or  wings — to 
pursue  or  to  guard  against  surprise. 

Those  witty  (or  witless)  fellows  who  occasionally  offered  rewards 
for  a  dead  cavalryman  (palming  off  as  new  a  joke  which  was  perhaps 
hoary  with  age  before  Columbus  discovered  America),  doubtless  had 
in  mind  some  unreliable  riders  who  had  at  some  time  allowed  the 
enemy  to  come  upon  them  before  they  could  buckle  on  armor  or 
shoulder  gun.  The  First  Kentucky  Cavalry  left  its  dead  in  every 
State  where  it  was  called  to  go — on  battlefields,  on  route  of  a  raiding 
force,  on  skirmish  line,  in  rear  of  retreating  armies,  on  lonely  outposts, 
and  in  prison  where  they  were  sometimes  wantonly  killed  by  irrespon 
sible  guardsmen. 

If  they  were  not  called  on  for  a  day,  or  days,  or  a  week  of  contin 
uous  pounding,  as  in  the  case  of  infantry,  they  were  far  more  frequent 
ly  engaged  in  light  fighting,  that  brought  its  casualties,  and  far  more 
exposed  on  advanced  outpost  to  the  sudden  onslaught  of  the  enemy's 
enterprising  cavalry  or  infantry. 

An  examination  of  the  History  of  Individuals  in  a  subsequent  part 
of  this  book  will  show  that  of  the  gallant  cavalcade  of  young  Ken- 
tuckians  who  mustered  under  Helm,  and  those  enlisted  in  1862  to 
complete  the  second  organization,  comparatively  few  were  left  to  stack 
arms  when  the  final  disaster  came. 

Particular  affairs  in  which  but  few  individuals  or  a  small  detachment 
engaged  cannot  in  general  be  noticed  in  detail ;  but  a  circum 
stance  ought  to  be  mentioned  here  with  a  view  to  supplementing  the 
account  of  the  fight  at  Cy  Hutcherson's,  in  Barren  County,  found  on 
pages  52  and  53.  Since  giving  the  partial  list  of  men  on  guard  at  the 
house  that  night,  it  has  been  ascertained  that  four  men  of  Co.  E,  First 
Cavalry  (old  organization),  were  among  the  number,  having  accom 
panied  Mr.  Hutcherson  on  his  return  that  afternoon  from  his  visit  to 
Col.  Lewis  to  ask  for  protection.  These  were  Micajah  Mayfield  and 
Richard  H.  Isaacs,  of  Jefferson  County,  and  Richard  F.  Stonestreet 
and  F.  M.  Scrimsher,  of  Oldham  County.  It  is  noted  in  the  account 
given,  as  alluded  to  above,  that  several  of  the  members  of  Co.  E  went 
up  from  Horse  Cave  next  day,  but  there  was  no  further  trouble. 

When  Gen.  Sidney  Johnston  began  to  mobilize  troops  at  different 
points  along  his  line  of  operations  in  Kentucky,  Col.  Helm  with  his 
command  was  connected  with  the  Central  Army,  at  Bowling  Green. 
He  was  diligent  in  his  oversight  of  the  men — arming,  drilling,  requir 
ing  care  and  training  of  horses,  providing  every  necessary  equipment 
— and  sending  out  scouting  parties;  but  few  noteworthy  events  oc 
curred  during  the  autumn  and  early  winter. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  881 

In  September,  Gen.  Buckner  had  in  consideration  to  send  this  regi 
ment  to  Rochester,  reinforced  by  some  troops  under  command  of 
Col.  Geo.  B.  Hodge,  to  destroy  the  lock  and  dam  on  Green  River,  at 
that  point ;  but  nothing  was  done  at  the  time.  Later,  however  (Nov. 
17),  a  part  of  the  First  Cavalry,  under  Lieut. -Col.  Woodward,  and  a 
detachment  of  Kentucky  Infantry,  were  sent,  and  a  short  time  after 
ward  the  remainder  of  Helm's  regiment  joined  them  there.  When 
Woodward's  party  rode  into  town  they  were  fired  on  by  Federal 
troops  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river  where  Capt.  Netter  had  a  con 
siderable  force.  Two  of  the  Confederates  and  a  few  of  the  horses  were 
wounded.  Woodward  was  anxious  to  get  across  and  attack  at  close 
quarters,  but  the  river  could  not  be  passed,  and  the  assailants  escaped 
without  punishment.  The  Kentuckians  remained  in  the  vicinity  about 
a  week  and  then  returned  to  Bowling  Green,  nothing  else  of  special  in 
terest  having  occurred. 

December  ist,  the  regiment  was  ordered  to  Glasgow.  The  Federals 
then  had  a  strong  force  at  Munfordville,  and  their  troops  occupied 
Columbia  also,  in  considerable  strength,  while  a  comparatively  large 
army  lay  at  Louisville  and  conveniently  disposed  in  the  vicinity.  For 
about  two  months  the  First  Cavalry  was  the  only  organized  Confed 
erate  force  between  Louisville  and  Bowling  Green.  Helm  kept  active 
and  enterprising  scouting  parties  well  forward  of  his  position,  in  the 
direction  of  Munfordville,  and  occasionally  sent  others  to  vicinity  of 
Columbia.  He  kept  the  commander-in-chief  constantly  advised  as  to 
the  movement  of  troops  towards  Zollicoffer's  position  on  the  Cumber 
land  ;  while  Munfordville  and  other  points  along  Green  River  were 
held  in  close  observation,  at  the  same  time  providing  against  the  possi 
ble  destruction  of  bridges  across  Skeggs's  Creek  and  Big  Barren  River. 
On  the  1 2th  of  January,  1862,  he  reported  to  Gen.  Johnston  the 
movement  of  Federal  troops  across  the  Cumberland  River  above  Zol- 
licoffer  at  Mill  Creek,  and  on  the  i8th  he  expressed  the  apprehension 
that  it  was  designed  to  attack  him,  with  a  view  to  getting  into  East 
Tennessee  and  so  turning  the  position  at  Bowling  Green  instead  of 
trying  to  drive  Johnston  by  direct  assault,  which  prediction  was  quickly 
fulfilled. 

It  should  be  noted  here  that  two  companies,  recruited  presumably 
for  Helm's  regiment,  had  little  connection  with  it  as  organizations. 
These  were  the  companies  of  Capt.  Merriwether  and  Capt.  James  K. 
Huey,  numbered  I  and  K  on  the  rolls  filed  in  Richmond.  Co.  I,  ac 
cording  to  some  record  in  the  Richmond  war  office,  it  seems  was  the 
company  afterward  commanded  by  Capt.  Joe  B.  Williams. 

While  Hopkinsville  constituted  an  outpost  of  the  army  at  Bowling 
Green,  and  Forrest  was  stationed  there,  these  companies  apparently 


882  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

made  a  part  of  his  force,  and  it  seems  that  Williams  had  then  succeed 
ed  to  the  captaincy  of  Co.  I. 

When  Gen.  Clark,  commanding  at  Hopkinsville,  evacuated  the 
place,  Feb.  7,  1862,  Forrest  covered  the  rear  as  far  as  Clarksville, 
where  he  was  detached  and  ordered  to  report  to  Gen.  Pillow,  at  Fort 
Donelson.  With  him  at  that  time  were  three  companies  of  Kentucky 
cavalry — Capt.  Joe  Williams's  (I),  Capt.  Huey's  (K),  and  Capt.  Wil- 
cox's.  It  is  gathered  from  Richmond  records  that  the  latter  was  at 
one  time  regarded  as  a  part  of  the  First  Kentucky ;  but  the  connection 
was  wholly  nominal,  as  it  never  did  service  with  the  main  body  of  the 
regiment  under  Helm. 

Of  these  companies  it  should  be  observed  that  they  engaged  with 
Forrest  in  all  his  operations  in  Kentucky,  Tennessee,  Mississippi,  and 
Alabama  till  they  were  assigned  to  Wheeler  on  the  retreat  from  Lan 
caster  (October,  1862),  and  that  when  mustered  out  at  Clinton,  some 
of  them  reenlisted  in  companies  organized  there  and  at  Chattanooga 
to  continue  the  life  of  the  original  regiment ;  while  others  took  service 
with  other  commands,  infantry  and  cavalry.  Of  course  a  few  of  them 
retired,  but  the  rule  with  Kentuckians  was  that  mustering  out  meant 
little  to  them  except  to  give  them  a  chance  to  connect  themselves  with 
whatever  arm  of  the  service  or  whatever  organization  they  preferred. 
It  needs  to  be  stated,  however,  that  after  the  fighting  at  Donelson,  all 
the  men  of  these  companies  did  not  or  would  not  make  the  attempt  to 
escape  with  Forrest,  and  some  were  surrendered  with  the  main  army, 
and  sent  to  prison,  so  that  the  above  remarks  as  to  continued  service 
with  the  incomparable  Tennesseean  do  not  apply  to  them.  It  is  said, 
however,  that  after  their  exchange  (late  in  August,  1862),  most  of 
them  returned  to  duty,  either  in  their  former  companies  or  in  other 
regiments,  following  their  own  inclinations,  as  many  volunteers  seemed 
to  consider  perfectly  legitimate— stringent  military  regulations  to  the 
contrary  notwithstanding. 

When  Gen.  Johnston  evacuated  Bowling  Green,  February,  1862, 
and  began  his  movement  south,  Col.  Helm  kept  in  observation  the  rear 
and  left  flank,  burning  bridges  as  he  fell  back,  at  one  time  making  a 
considerable  detour  to  the  left,  to  guard  against  possible  interruption  of 
the  main  army  by  troops  from  Thomas's  forces  from  Eastern  Kentucky 
and  Tennessee. 

Arriving  at  Nashville,  the  regiment  was  detained  there  several  days, 
guarding  military  stores  and  striving  to  restore  order ;  and  at  Decatur 
it  was  kept  some  time  guarding  the  Memphis  and  Charleston  railroad 
bridge.  In  March  its  headquarters  were  at  Florence  and  Tuscumbia, 
with  orders  to  keep  a  close  watch  on  Buell,  and  if  found  necessary  to 
burn  the  bridge  at  the  former  place.  Detachments  of  considerable 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  >s:; 

strength  as  well  as  small  parties  of  the  most  active  and  daring  men 
were  operating  almost  constantly,  over  a  wide  extent  of  country,  oc 
casionally  skirmishing  with  the  enemy's  scouts  and  pickets,  and  taking 
some  prisoners. 

Gen.  Johnston  was  kept  daily  so  reliably  informed  of  Buell's  move 
ments  and  the  position  of  his  forces  that  he  timed  accurately  a  move 
ment  from  Corinth,  having  used  all  possible  dispatch  in  getting  the 
army  in  condition,  that  would  have  enabled  him  to  strike  Gen.  Grant 
at  Shiloh  on  Saturday  morning,  thirty-six  hours  before  Buell  could 
reach  Pittsburg  Landing,  and  crush  him  before  reinforcements  could 
arrive  ;  but  the  unfortunate  circumstances  (familiar  to  all  students  of 
the  war),  heavy  rains  and  execrable  roads,  delayed  the  attack  a  day, 
and  so  lost  Beauregard  the  battle  which  Johnston  had  already  won  but 
did  not  live  to  make  conclusive  before  Buell  could  cross  over  to  the 
south  side. 

After  the  battle  of  Shiloh,  during  which  the  First  Cavalry  was  re 
quired  to  hold  its  position  up  the  Tennessee,  to  guard  the  approaches 
to  Johnston's  left  and  rear,  Helm  was  commissioned  a  brigadier- 
general,  and  ordered  to  report  to  Gen.  Breckinridge  for  command  of 
infantry  troops  in  his  division.  The  announcement  of  his  promotion 
was  not  made  until  April  17,  1862,  but  his  commission  bore  date  of 
March  i4th.  The  command  of  the  First  now  devolved  on  Lieut. -Col. 
Woodward,  also  a  brave  and  enterprising  officer. 

About  this  time  one  Col.  John  Adams  was  assigned  to  the  command 
of  a  small  brigade  of  cavalry  consisting  of  the  First  Kentucky,  the 
Eighth  Texas  (Rangers),  and,  as  seems  probable,  though  this  is  not 
definitely  stated,  some  other  cavalry.  On  the  8th  of  May,  Adams  or 
dered  Woodward  to  take  part  of  his  regiment  and  a  small  detachment 
of  Texans  with  which  to  surprise  and  capture  a  Federal  force  occupy 
ing  the  little  town  of  Bethel,  on  Elk  River.  The  following  report  shows 
how  well  this  was  executed.  It  is  proper  to  explain  that  among  the 
men  of  the  First,  the  trestlework  of  which  Woodward  speaks  has  ever 
since  been  known  as  Hewey's  Bridge ;  and  that  Capt.  Noel,  a  most  ex 
cellent  gentleman  and  a  promising  soldier,  reported  as  severely 
wounded,  died  of  this  wound  two  days  afterward.  Among  the  wounded 
was  also  Capt.  Jake  Griffith,  of  Co.  E. 

Woodward's  report  of  the  expedition  and  its  results  was  as  follows : 

CAMP  NEAR  LAMB'S  FERRY,  TENN.,  j 
May  10,  1862.       ) 

To  Acting  Brig-Gen.  Adams,  Commanding  Cavalry  Brigade : 

SIR — In  accordance  with  instructions  from  your  headquarters,  I 
started  from  this  point  on  the  8th  instant,  at  6  p.  M.,  with  350  men  of 


884  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

my  regiment  and  a  detachment  of  eighty  men  from  the  Texas  Rangers, 
under  command  of  Capt.  Houston,  for  the  purpose  of  surprising  a 
party  of  the  enemy,  supposed  to  consist  of  350  men,  in  and  about 
Bethel,  a  small  town  on  Elk  river,  thirty-two  miles  from  Lamb's  Ferry, 
Capt.  Noel,  of  this  regiment,  with  fifty  men,  joined  me  on  the  road. 

I  arrived  at  Bethel  by  daybreak,  but  found  no  enemy,  and  learned 
that  no  Federals  had  been  there,  except  an  insignificant  party  of  strag 
glers.  Ascertaining  that  Elk  river  could  be  crossed  at  two  fords  in  the 
vicinity,  and  that  a  detachment  of  the  enemy,  variously  reported  as  to 
number,  were  guarding  a  trestlework  on  the  railroad  on  the  opposite 
side  of  the  river,  I  determined  to  capture  them,  and,  for  this  purpose, 
divided  my  command,  placing  one  squadron  of  my  regiment  with  the 
Texas  Rangers,  under  Capt.  Houston,  with  directions  to  cross  at  the 
ford  below  the  trestlework,  and  cut  off  the  retreat  of  the  enemy  in  that 
direction,  while  the  party  under  my  immediate  command,  crossing  at 
the  upper  ford,  should  make  the  attack  from  above.  The  movement 
was  entirely  successful,  resulting  in  the  capture  of  the  entire  force 
stationed  at  the  trestle-work,  which  force  was  found  to  be  much  smaller 
than  it  had  been  represented.  The  enemy,  under  cover  of  some 
buildings,  made  a  gallant  defense  for  about  ten  minutes,  but  finally 
surrendered. 

I  have  as  prisoners  two  captains,  two  lieutenants,  and  forty  three 
non-commissioned  officers  and  privates;  also  eight  negroes. 

Our  loss  is  five  killed,  among  them  Capt.  Harris,  of  the  Rangers, 
whose  loss  is  deeply  regretted,  and  seven  wounded.  Among  the  latter 
I  regret  to  include  Capt.  Noel,  a  most  excellent  and  gallant  officer,  se 
riously  wounded  in  the  side.  The  loss  of  the  enemy  in  killed  and 
wounded  was  much  heavier. 

Capt.  Houston  is  entitled  to  much  credit  for  the  able  manner  in 
which  he  cooperated ;  and  the  conduct  of  the  men  was  extremely  gal 
lant  and  praiseworthy. 

Minute  particulars  will  be  communicated  to  you  as  soon  as  they  can 
be  furnished.  Very  respectfully,  etc., 

T.   G.    WOODWARD, 
Lieutenant  Colonel,  Commanding  First  Kentucky   Cavalry. 

About  a  month  afterward  (June  4,  1862,)  Adams  had  his  command 
encamped  in  Sweeden's  Cove,  about  twelve  miles  northwest  of  Jasper, 
Tenn.  Gen.  James  S.  Negley  made  a  forced  march  from  Huntsville, 
Ala.,  a  distance  of  about  twenty  miles,  over  what  he  described  as  "a 
rugged  and  almost  impassable  mountain  road,"  and  between  two  and 
three  o'clock  captured  Adams's  pickets.  Planting  a  battery  without 
being  observed,  to  bear  upon  the  Confederate  encampment,  they  rushed 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  885 

into  the  cove  and  completely  surprised  the  force.  Attacked  without 
warning,  and  by  a  greatly  superior  number,  effectual  resistance  was 
out  of  the  question ;  but  they  sprang  to  arms  and  to  horses  and  made 
the  best  of  a  bad  situation.  They  put  in  a  shot  when  they  could,  but 
the  chief  business  in  hand  was  to  escape  capture  or  total  destruction, 
and  they  went.  The  survivors  laugh  at  themselves  to  this  day  when 
they  recount  how  they  did  go.  Through  a  narrow  lane  toward  Jasper 
most  of  them  rode  pell-mell,  with  the  howling  and  swearing  enemy, 
saber  in  hand,  crowding  behind.  The  man  who  could  find  a  side  exit 
out  of  the  pocket,  or  break  over  a  fence,  was  fortunate;  but  most  of 
them  got  out  by  way  of  the  lane.  The  narrowness  of  their  race  track 
contributed  materially  to  lessen  their  loss,  as  the  Federals  had  no  time 
to  tear  down  fences  and  take  them  in  flank.  It  is  astonishing,  how 
ever,  that  so  few  fell  or  were  made  prisoners.  Negley's  reports  (two 
of  them)  are  marked  by  more  than  the  usual  vainglory  of  men  who 
seek  to  magnify  their  achievements ;  but  he  could  not  bring  himself  to 
the  Falstaffian  extravagance  of  publishing  to  the  world  that  he  and 
each  of  his  troopers  "  pinked  seven  men  in  buckram"  (or  gray  coats). 
There  lacked  more  than  twenty-five  thousand  Kentuckians  and  other 
Confederates  to  furnish  material  for  so  much  bloodletting.  He  places 
the  Confederate  casualties  at  the  modest  estimate  of  "twenty  killed 
and  about  the  same  number  wounded,"  and  adds  that  he  took  twelve 
prisoners.  Some  of  the  Kentuckians  were  wounded  and  some  captured. 
His  own  loss  was  two  killed  and  seven  wounded.  Gen.  Leadbetter, 
reporting  to  Kirby  Smith,  makes  a  better  showing  for  Negley.  .  He  says 
that  the  Confederate  killed  and  missing  were  one  hundred,  among 
whom  were  Col.  Adams  and  Maj.  Adams,  his  brother.  This  was  a 
slight  mistake.  Maj.  Adams  was  wounded,  and  the  colonel  was  very 
badly  missing.  Negley  referred  to  the  affair  some  days  afterward  in 
another  communication,  saying  he  had  learned  that  Adams  fled  with 
out  hat,  sword,  or  horse.  It  was  told  that  he  had  his  headquarters 
outside  of  his  picket  line,  and  that  the  Federals  were  on  him  so  sud 
denly  and  so  numerously  that  he  had  not  time  even  to  cry  "  fall  in  !  " 

It  is  to  the  credit  of  the  men  so  surprised  and  attacked  that  so  few 
were  killed  or  captured.  They  inflicted  some  loss  on  Negley,  as  has 
been  said.  Some  of  the  wounds,  he  said,  were  severe. 

But  the  fun  of  the  thing  comes  in  with  the  Federal  reports  and  their 
tenor.  Maj. -Gen.  O.  M.  Mitchel  made  two  and  Brig. -Gen.  James  S. 
Xegley  made  two.  Mitchel  said  that  the  force  sent  was  "composed 
of  troops  from  all  those  under  his  command,"  and  that  they  had 
'•broken  up  a  most  important  enterprise."  Negley  said  that  the  Con 
federates  formed  in  line  and  opened  fire  on  his  advance,  to  which  he 
replied  with  his  artillery.  Then  certain  of  his  troops  "led  the  charge 


886  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

with  the  most  reckless  daring,  dashing  into  the  midst  of  the  enemy, 
using  their  sabers  with  terrible  execution  !  "  Also,  that  the  Confed 
erates  "strewed  the  ground  for  miles  with  guns,  pistols,  and  swords.'* 
Next  day  he  reported  that  he  had  captured  four  men  from  Chattanooga 
(Union  men,  no  doubt,  who  had  come  in  to  praise  his  exploit),  from 
whom  he  learned  that  the  routed  brigade  never  stopped  till  it  reached 
Chattanooga,  "  43  miles  away,"  arriving  there  the  night  of  the  4th. 
His  statement  as  to  distance  was  erroneous,  as  by  air-line  it  does  not 
exceed  32,  and  road  meanderings  could  not  increase  that  by  as  much 
as  eleven  miles. 

We  have  found  it  impossible  to  get  even  reliable  approximate  esti 
mate  as  to  the  number  of  Confederates  encamped  in  the  cove  or  of 
Federals  that  made  the  attack.  Gen.  Leadbetter  wrote  to  Kirby 
Smith  that  Negley  had  with  him  4,000  men,  and  Gen.  Mitchel  said 
the  force  was  composed  of  troops  of  all  those  under  his  command. 
When  Adams  was  placed  in  command  of  the  "small  brigade,"  CoL 
John  A.  Wharton,  commanding  the  Texas  Rangers,  objected  to  serv 
ing  under  his  orders,  and  several  days  before  this  he  had  permission  to 
"cooperate"  with  Adams — nothing  more.  Apparently  the  eight 
companies  at  that  time  under  Adams  as  acting  brigadier  were  about  all 
the  force  then  at  that  outlying  picket  station.  It  is  safe  to  say  that  the 
numerical  disparity  between  them  and  their  assailants  was  very  great. 

When  we  reflect  on  the  sublime  order  of  ' '  reckless  daring  "  required 
to  ride  down  a  comparatively  small  body  of  soldiers,  surprised,  and 
struggling  in  a  confused  mass,  and  to  follow  them  boldly  while  in  pre 
cipitate  flight,  we  can  but  regret  that  such  valiant  knights  were  not 
long  ago  elevated  to  places  with  the  Roman  demi-gods. 

When  Constantinople  fell  beneath  the  guns  and  the  assaulting  col 
umns  of  old  Suvaroff,  he  made  haste  to  send  that  famous  but  brief 
dispatch  to  St.  Petersburg:  "Glory  to  God  and  glory  to  Kath 
arine  !  Ismail's  taken  !  "  Negley's  gushing  effusions  said,  inferen- 
tially,  "Glory  to  me  and  glory  to  Mitchel!  The  Confederacy's 
busted!  " 

Our  grim  and  frosty-pated  old  comrades  who  survived  the  "  terrible 
execution  "  are  not  prepared  to  admit  that  they  all  slept  in  Chattanooga 
that  night ;  but  they  found  the  vicinity  of  that  city  a  good  place  at 
which  to  rally ;  and  the  regiment  soon  pulled  itself  together,  and  was 
again  in  fighting  trim. 

Shortly  afterward  the  two  three-year  companies,  C  and  D,  were 
ordered  to  report  to  Gen.  Forrest,  under  whose  orders  they  formed  a 
squadron  commanded  by  Capt.  W.  J.  Taylor  as  senior  officer.  They 
were  thus  separated  from  the  remainder  of  the  regiment,  till  the  other 
six  companies  were  ordered  to  report  to  Forrest  for  the  Kentucky 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  887 

campaign  (August-October,  1862).  The  squadron  participated  in  the 
numerous  skirmishes  and  battles  of  Forrest  during  his  active,  almost 
continuous,  operations  in  Middle  Tennessee.  In  the  brilliant  affair  at 
Murfreesboro'  (July  13,  1862),  the  Kentucky  companies  took  a  con 
spicuous  part ;  and  in  the  final  successful  charge  on  the  second  en 
campment,  where  the  Michigan  Battery  was  placed  and  strongly  de 
fended,  they  proved  themselves  especially  gallant  and  efficient. 

Among  the  many  notable  exploits  of  this  audacious  leader  and  furi 
ous  fighter,  this  was  one  of  the  most  notable.  Besides  liberating  pris 
oners,  some  of  them  held  on  unjust  charges,  and  in  accordance  with 
the  whims  of  malicious  persons,  he  captured  two  brigadiers,  with  staff 
and  field  officers,  1,200  men,  300  mules,  150  to  200  horses,  60 
wagons,  and  a  field  battery  of  four  pieces,  besides  destroying  military 
stores  to  the  value  of  $200,000,  carrying  off  for  the  use  of  the  South 
ern  forces  about  $300,000  worth,  and  destroying  the  depot  and  railroad 
in  the  vicinity  of  the  town.  He  hurried  with  his  prisoners  and  cap 
tured  property  to  McMinnville,  and  sent  them  thence  to  Chattanooga ; 
and  a  few  days  subsequently  he  made  a  determined  but  less  successful 
assault  upon  the  Federal  works  at  Tullahoma,  in  which  Companies  C 
and  D  lost  five  men  killed  and  wounded. 

It  would  be  impossible,  however,  to  show  how  essential  a  part  of 
this  active  and,  to  the  enemy,  terrible  force,  were  these  companies  of 
dashing  and  ambitious  young  Kentuckians  without  going  into  the  de 
tails  of  Forrest's  operations  in  Tennessee  that  summer.  They  proved 
themselves  as  good  as  the  best,  and  had  the  confidence  of  the  great 
soldier  by  whom  cowards  and  shirks  were  soon  discovered,  and  from 
whom  they  speedily  fell  away  and  ceased  to  encumber  the  muster 
rolls  and  lower  the  general  tone  of  the  corps.  We  return  now  to  the 
main  part  of  the  regiment. 

When  Bragg  was  preparing  for  the  Kentucky  campaign,  some  con 
tradictory  orders  were  issued  relative  to  the  First  Cavalry.  At  first  it 
was  to  remain  subject  to  the  orders  of  Gen.  Hardee  (Aug.  n,  1862), 
though  it  had  previously  been  ordered  to  join  Forrest  twenty  miles 
from  Kingston.  Later  (August  17),  it  was  to  be  left  with  Gen.  Maxey 
for  base  of  operations  at  Chattanooga,  Gen.  Sam  Jones,  commanding. 
Still  later  (September  2),  Jones  seemed  to  be  laboring  under  the  ap 
prehension  that  Negley,  with  "  part  of  all  the  troops  "  under  Mitchel's 
command,  had  hit  it  again,  as  we  have  him  writing  that  he  couldn't 
find  it — had  "searched  in  vain  for  it."  September  7,  Maxey  has  as 
surance  that  it  would  be  ordered  to  report  to  him — had  been  left  in 
Sequatchie  Valley  by  order  of  Hardee.  September  13,  Jones  was 
again  complaining  that  he  couldn't  find  it,  but  he  seems  to  have  heard 
a  rumor  that  it  was  gone  with  Forrest.  He  had  been  searching  too 


888  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

close  around  home.  By  that  time  the  First  Kentucky  was  at  Glasgow, 
and  had  been  making  trouble  all  along  the  route  for  Federal  scouts, 
pickets,  foragers,  small  garrisons — whatever  came  in  Forrest's  way. 

September  i4th  it  was  assigned  by  order  of  Bragg  to  Gen.  Joseph 
Wheeler,  commanding  cavalry  of  left  wing  of  the  Confederate  army 
under  Hardee.  Such  records  as  are  extant  indicate  that  about  this 
time  Lieut. -Col.  Woodward  relinquished  the  command  to  Maj.  J.  W. 
Caldvvell,  and  was  then  engaged  in  recruiting  what  afterward  became 
the  Second  Kentucky  Battalion,  which  under  his  leadership  did  much 
hard  and  efficient  service. 

The  First  Kentucky  did  its  full  share  of  all  the  duty  allotted  to 
Wheeler  in  the  advance  on  the  Federal  garrison  at  Munfordville 
and  the  fighting  (September  i4th  to  lyth,)  which  eventuated  in  the 
capture  of  that  place.  On  the  i8th,  when  Bragg's  infantry  and  artil 
lery  had  all  crossed  Green  River  to  the  Munfordville  side,  some  unre 
liable  scouts  reported  that  Buell  was  close  upon  the  Confederate  posi 
tion.  The  First  Kentucky  was  thereupon  sent  back  hurriedly  to  in 
vestigate,  and  soon  learned  that  a  reconnoitering  party,  far  in  advance 
of  Buell's  main  army,  had  given  rise  to  the  rumor  that  he  was  in  the 
vicinity  in  strong  column. 

During  the  ensuing  three  weeks  the  campaign  was  exciting,  full  of 
stirring  incidents,  and  to  the  men  of  the  First  Cavalry  it  was  a  time  of 
buoyancy  and  much  rejoicing.  They  were  on  their  own  soil,  whither 
they  had  returned,  after  a  year's  service  abroad,  with  high  hopes  that 
the  expedition  would  result  in  great  and  lasting  advantage  to  their 
cause,  and  as  yet  nothing  had  occurred  to  indicate  disaster. 

No  event  occurred,  however,  on  the  march  to  Perryville  and  at  the 
various  positions  occupied  en  route  which  was  so  disconnected  with  all 
the  operations  of  Wheeler's  division  as  to  demand  that  it  be  recounted 
separately  and  in  detail.  Its  services  were  greatly  in  demand,  owing 
to  the  more  intimate  acquaintance  of  its  members  with  the  people  and 
the  country,  and  it  did  whatever  it  was  set  to  do  with  cheerful  alacrity 
and  with  steadiness  and  courage  that  had  now  come  to  be  regarded  as 
a  matter  of  course.  At  Perryville  (Oct.  8,  1862)  it  took  a  more  than 
ordinarily  prominent  part  in  fighting  off  flankers  from  the  left  wing  of 
the  Confederate  army. 

With  the  retreat  from  that  field  began  the  hardest  and  most  trying 
experience,  continuing  till  Bragg  was  well  out  of  the  State,  to  which 
the  regiment  had  been  or  was  at  any  subsequent  time  subjected.  The 
enemy  became  bold  and  persistently  aggressive — pressing  close  and 
with  constantly  increasing  rather  than  diminishing  forces ;  and  the  re 
sponsibility  of  the  rearguard,  of  which  the  First  was  a  part,  was  great, 
while  danger  was  imminent,  day  and  night. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  ^s'.i 

Five  days  after  the  battle  of  Perry ville,  Wheeler  was  appointed  chief 
of  cavalry,  and  had  thenceforth,  therefore,  command  of  all  the  troops 
of  that  arm  then  directly  connected  with  the  Army  of  Tennessee.  He 
was  ordered  to  cover  the  rear  of  the  army  which  was  to  move  from 
Lancaster  in  two  columns,  one  by  Crab  Orchard,  the  other  by  Big 
Hill,  and  also  to  interpose  to  protect  his  right  flank.  So  well  was  this 
executed  that  it  was  not  at  any  time  necessary  to  call  on  the  infantry. 
The  latter,  with  the  artillery,  live  stock,  and  immense  wagon  train 
with  which  the  retreating  columns  were  cumbered,  in  the  effort  to  save 
for  the  use  of  Confederate  forces  as  much  as  possible  of  captured 
property,  went  forward  with  as  much  expedition  as  was  practicable ; 
but  progress  was  necessarily  slow  and  the  work  of  the  mounted  rear 
guard  proportionately  long-continued  and  exceedingly  hazardous,  as 
the  Federal  forces  could  keep  in  close  proximity  and  infest  every  ap 
proach  without  other  effort  than  that  which  was  necessary  to  make  easy 
daily  stages.  At  Loudon  the  Federal  cavalry  made  a  bold  dash,  in 
force,  but  the  Confederates  handled  them  so  well  that  they  were  there 
after  more  cautious,  and  sought  opportunity  to  strike  detachments 
rather  than  to  bring  on  a  serious  engagement. 

The  manner  in  which  Wheeler's  force  watched  every  road,  turning 
as  occasion  required  to  give  battle  to  such  eager  pursuers  as  came 
threateningly  near,  soon  called  out  from  both  Bragg  and  Polk  congrat 
ulatory  orders,  and  a  feeling  of  confidence  pervaded  the  army,  that  if 
they  could  surmount  the  obstacles  before  them — bad  roads,  serious  ob 
structions  placed  in  their  way  by  unfriendly  citizens,  and  bushwhack 
ers  who  from  concealment  and  points  inaccessible  from  the  line  of 
march  plied  their  murderous  rifles — they  had  nothing  to  apprehend 
from  the  rear. 

The  First  Cavalry,  though  proud  of  the  distinction,  paid  on  this 
long  and  hazardous  retreat  a  penalty  for  being  regarded  by  an  observ 
ant  and  appreciative  commander  as  exceptionally  intelligent,  alert,  and 
thoroughly  reliable.  It  was  often  singled  out  for  emergencies,  and 
did  much  extra  hard  and  perilous  duty.  For  more  than  two  weeks 
the  men  were  generally  in  the  saddle  for  eighteen  hours  daily,  and  at 
times  even  when  they  believed  they  would  have  a  few  hours  in  which 
to  prepare  meals,  feed  horses,  and  sleep,  while  others  picketed  the 
approaches,  a  message  would  come  that  they  were  wanted  for  a  scout 
or  a  skirmish,  and  the  bugle  would  sound  "boots  and  saddles — 
mount !  "  when  they  had  but  so  recently  halted  for  the  night  that  the 
work  of  removing  saddles  was  scarcely  begun. 

Every  day  had  its  dangers,  its  stern  duties,  and  exciting  incidents, 
.to  recount  which  would  require  a  little  volume. 


890  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

A  member  of  the  First  Kentucky  wrote  afterward  of  the  famous  re 
treat  and  some  of  its  features,  as  follows  : 

"  Much  as  Kentuckians  disliked  Bragg,  it  must  be  said  of  him  that 
he  made  a  masterly  retreat  from  Perryville.  His  wagon  train  was  re 
puted  to  be  forty  miles  long ;  he  went  out  over  mountain  roads,  and 
very  bad  roads  they  were  ;  he  marched  through  an  unfriendly  country, 
infested  with  bushwhackers,  who  placed  obstructions  in  his  way  over 
almost  every  mile  of  road ;  he  was  closely  followed  by  the  enemy, 
active  and  persistent  in  pursuit ;  and  yet,  marvelous  as  it  is,  he  never 
lost  a  wagon.  Behind  that  train,  from  Crab  Orchard,  Ky.,  to  Clin 
ton,  Tenn.,  over  the  Cumberland  range,  fording  the  swollen  Rock- 
castle  river  under  fire  of  the  enemy,  and  numerous  smaller  streams, 
fighting  cowardly  bushwhackers  in  front  and  brave  Federals  in  the 
rear,  rode  the  First  Kentucky  Cavalry.  It  was  on  duty  all  the  time, 
both  night  and  day,  and  the  most  dangerous  duty,  too.  I  recall  one 
place  where  the  pickets  crept  to  their  posts  to  escape  the  murderous 
shots  of  these  sneakers,  who,  from  points  of  vantage  on  the  mountain 
sides,  fired  at  every  moving  object. 

"  One  day,  in  the  heart  of  the  mountains,  the  column  had  halted, 
and  the  men  of  Co.B,  which  was  next  to  the  extreme  rearguard,  worn 
out  by  constant  duty,  had  dismounted  and  thrown  themselves  upon 
the  ground  to  rest.  There  had  been  no  sign  of  the  enemy  for  some 
time,  and  it  was  not  known  or  cared  whether  he  was  far  or  near.  We 
were  too  tired  even  to  think ;  and,  besides,  what  were  our  officers  for 
if  not  to  think  for  us?  Half  of  us  were  asleep  in  the  warm  sunshine, 
when  suddenly  it  began  to  rain  bullets.  The  atmosphere  seemed  full 
of  them,  and,  to  use  the  old  saying  of  soldiers,  you  could  have  held 
up  your  hat  and  caught  it  full.  The  horses  were  frightened,  and  about 
to  stampede,  as  many  of  them  were  loose,  the  reins  having  fallen  from 
the  hands  of  the  unconscious  soldiers.  The  Federals,  flanking  the 
rearguard,  had  seen  us  first  for  once,  and,  creeping  near  us,  had  hid 
den  behind  trees  on  the  mountain  side,  and  begun  active  operations 
calculated  to  demoralize  the  best  of  troops.  Lieut.  Dick  Stonestreet 
(afterward  murdered  by  bushwhackers),  was  in  command,  and  his 
'  steady,  boys,  steady  ;  no  stampeding  for  the  First  Kentucky,'  brought 
order  out  of  what  would  have  been  chaos  with  less  disciplined  men;, 
and  in  a  short  time  we  were  in  line  and  at  work  on  the  gentlemen  on 
the  hillside,  though  the  latter  had  advantage  of  position,  and  as  Gen. 
Forrest  would  have  said,  '  had  got  there  first  with  the  most  men.'  But 
we  stayed  right  where  we  were  when  they  waked  us  up,  and  did  our 
best.  A  little  mountain  howitzer  came  to  the  rescue  and  joined  in  the 
argument  in  our  behalf;  and  it  seems  to  me  now  that  I  never  heard  one 
of  those  little  musical  instruments  play  sweeter  music  than  on  that  oc- 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  891 

casion.  Its  notes  charmed  our  ears,  but  had  a  different  effect  on 
the  enemy,  who  presently  fled  incontinently  and  left  us  'alone  in  our 
glory.'  It  was  a  close  shave,  and  but  for  that  little  black  gun  we  might 
have  been  destroyed.  This  incident  is  but  one  of  many.  While  not 
many  casualties  occurred,  they  were  liable  to  occur  at  any  moment, 
and  we  were  kept  at  concert  pitch  both  night  and  day. 

"One  evening  we  halted  and  made  every  preparation  for  the  night, 
supposing  that  we  were  to  remain.  After  disposing  of  a  frugal  meal 
of  parched  corn,  we  received  orders  to  build  fires,  and  within  an  hour 
the  valley  (wider  -Jihere  than  at  any  other  point)  was  ablaze  with  a 
thousand  campfires.  Then  came  whispered  orders  to  mount,  and  we 
quietly  moved  away  up  the  mountain  side.  It  was  a  beautiful  sight. 
The  blazing  fires,  seen  in  the  valley  below,  seemed  to  be  sentinel  stars 
reflected  from  the  clear  sky  above.  There  were  enough  of  them  to 
have  warmed  the  entire  army;  and  while  we  regretted  having  to  leave 
them  and  ride  into  the  chill  October  night,  it  was  for  our  good  and  the 
confusion  of  the  Federal  mind.  They  saw  them,  and  stayed  away; 
and  it  was  late  the  next  day  before  their  advance  came  up  and  began 
the  regular  daily  disturbance  with  us. 

"The  army  in  front  had  its  troubles,  too.  Bushwhackers  would 
cut  large  trees,  felling  them  across  the  road  at  points  where  the  trains 
could  not  drive  around  them ;  and  while  these  were  being  removed 
they  would  take  pot-shots,  at  long  range,  at  the  halted  column. 
Driven  off  by  skirmishers,  they  would  hide  in  their  mountain  fastnesses 
and  await  the  coming  of  the  cavalry  rearguard.  Then  they  would 
come  out  and  warm  up  our  rear  as  we  faced  the  pursuing  enemy,  thus 
placing  us  between  two  fires  and  rendering  life  exciting.  This  went 
on  day  after  day  for  some  time ;  but  finally  some  one  told  us  that  sev 
enteen  bushwhackers  had  been  caught  red-handed,  and  hanged  to  trees 
by  the  roadside.  I  did  not  see  them,  but  I  do  know  that  from  that 
time  onward  we  were  less  troubled  than  had  been  the  case  before. 
Our  command  caught  three  of  these  gentry ;  and  as  they  did  not  be 
long  to  the  Federal  army,  but  were  going  to  war  against  the  Confed 
eracy  on  their  own  hook,  it  was  thought  proper  to  place  some  obsta 
cles  in  their  path,  so  they  were  shot  and  left  as  a  grim  warning  to 
others  of  their  kind.  The  First  Kentucky  did  not  do  the  shooting, 
but  observed  that  it  was  effectively  done.  We  learned  the  name  of  at 
least  one  of  these  murderous  skulkers,  which  doubtless  some  of  the 
survivors  of  the  old  command  can  still  recall." 

Eleven  days  after  the  battle  of  Perryville,  the  head  of  Bragg's  col 
umn  reached  Cumberland  Gap,  and  within  the  next  six  (Oct.  19-24111) 
the  entire  army  had  passed  through  the  mountain  defiles — the  pursuit 


892  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

meanwhile  (Oct.  226)  having  ceased — and  was  on  its  undisturbed 
march  to  Knoxville. 

Part  of  the  cavalry  took  position  on  the  Tennessee  River,  in  the 
vicinity  of  Clinton,  and  here  the  twelve-month  men  of  the  First  Ken 
tucky,  whose  time  had  expired  some  months  before,  were  mustered 
out ;  but,  as  heretofore  indicated,  many  reenlisted  to  form  new  com 
panies  to  continue  the  existence  of  the  regiment,  while  others  took 
service  with  other  Kentucky  cavalry.  At  Chattanooga,  soon  after 
ward,  there  was  new  regimental  reorganization,  the  three-year  com 
panies,  C  and  D,  and  those  made  up  of  reenlisted  one-year  men, 
uniting  with  J.  Russell  Butler's  battalion  (recruited  during  Bragg's 
occupancy  of  Kentucky),  and  of  this  regiment  Butler  was  made 
colonel.  (See  Brief  History  of  Individuals.) 

There  was  for  the  cavalry  of  Bragg's  army  but  a  brief  period  of  rest 
and  recreation  after  the  recent  long  and  trying  campaign. 

The  Federal  army  took  position  at  Nashville  after  turning  from  fol 
lowing  Bragg,  and  the  latter  had  most  of  his  concentrated  at  Murfrees- 
boro'  within  ten  days  after  passing  Cumberland  Gap. 

Wheeler  and  Forrest,  meanwhile,  (the  First  Kentucky  continuing  to 
be  identified  with  the  force  under  Wheeler's  immediate  command) 
were  soon  actively  afield  again,  guarding  every  front  and  flank  ap 
proach  to  Bragg's  position,  and  dealing  the  enemy's  outposts  and  re- 
connoitering  and  raiding  detachments  a  blow  wherever  found. 

In  all  the  cavalry  movements  preliminary  to  the  great  battle  of  Stone 
River  (Dec.  31,  i862-Jan.  2,  1863),  the  First  Kentucky  performed 
its  part  with  the  gallantry  and  efficiency  which  had  characterized  the 
old  organization. 


INCIDENTS    AND    ANECDOTES. 

I.  A  Brave  Kentucky  Woman. — Lieut.  Joseph  E.  Vincent 
(old  Co.  E,  afterward  of  Co.  B,  First  Cavalry,)  gives  the  following  ac 
count  of  how  he  was  beaten  and  driven  back  upon  his  base  by  one 
woman,  in  a  case  where  a  man  or  a  dozen  men  would  doubtless  have 
fared  very  badly  : 

"  When  Bragg  was  preparing  to  move  from  Bardstown  (September, 
1862),  Gen.  Wheeler  ordered  the  First  Kentucky  to  get  some  wagons 
from  the  country  in  which  to  carry  such  of  our  sick  and  otherwise  dis 
abled  men  as  were  then  in  town,  and  I  was  detailed  to  take  about  fif 
teen  men  and  go  on  the  hunt  of  the  necessary  vehicles.  Probably 
three  miles  west  of  Bardstown  -(or  a  little  south  of  west),  we  saw  four 
or  five  negroes  coming  across  a  field  with  horses  and  plows.  Riding 
up  to  the  house  towards  which  they  were  coming,  I  told  an  elderly 
lady  who  appeared  that  I  had  orders  to  get  some  wagons  in  which  to 
move  our  sick,  and  added  that  when  her  hands  got  to  the  road  I  would 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  893 

have  them  put  the  horses  to  two  wagons  which  were  standing  near. 
'  You  won't  do  any  such  a  thing !  '  she  said,  coming  straight  to  me. 
'  Oh ! '  I  replied,  '  I  guess  I  will.  Which  side  do  you  belong  to, 
madam  ?  '  '  That's  none  of  your  business !  I  have  been  imposed 
on  by  both  sides  long  enough,  and  I'll  take  no  more  of  it !  '  Each 
man  of  us  had  a  saber,  a  pistol,  and  a  double-barreled  shotgun  ;  but  I 
was  completely  whipped.  As  the  enemy  was  known  to  be  pressing 
forward  and  little  time  was  left  to  us,  we  hurried  back  to  town  without 
those  wagons.  When  we  got  there,  the  Texas  boys  were  being  driven 
in  from  the  fair  grounds.  If  we  had  gotten  the  wagons,  the  Yankees 
would  have  gotten  us." 

II.  The  Bushwhacker's  Non-Combatant  Brother. — A  mem 
ber  of  the  First  Cavalry  who  saw  the  execution  of  the  bushwhackers 
noticed  in  the  preceding  chapter,  and  learned  the  name  of  one  of 
them,  served  some  years  afterward  in  the  Kentucky  Legislature  with 
a  member  who  had  the  same  surname — an  odd  character,  who  at 
tracted  the  attention  of  the  former  cavalier.     He  said  to  him  one  day : 
"Jim,  I  saw  a  man  of  your  name  shot  for  bushwhacking  during  the 
war."  Imagine  his  astonishment  when  Jim  replied  :  "  Yes,  he  were  my 
brother.      He  burnt  a  good  deal  of  powder  before  he  were  shot ;  but 
as  for  me  I  never  burnt  none.     I  said  when  the  war  come  up  I  had  no 
powder  to  burn,  and  I  haint  never  burnt  none  yet!  "     Of  course  that 
closed  the  conversation,  and  Jim's  brother  was  left  to  rest  in  peace. 

III.  Preparing  for   Rapid   Flight. — Marion  Schrimser,   Esq., 
furnished  the  following  incident :  "  At  the  battle  of  Perry ville  a  part 
of  our  company  (E,  First  Kentucky  Cavalry,)  made  a  charge  on  Co. 
F,  Ninth  Kentucky  Federal  Cavalry,  then  commanded  by  Lieut.  Sam 
D.  McMeekin,  and  captured  that  officer  and  fifteen  of  his  men.     One 
of  these,  Corporal  Wm.  H.   Long,  of  Eminence,  whom  some  of  our 
Oldham  County  boys  knew,  was  on  the  ground  when  overtaken,  pull 
ing  off  his  shoes — a  pair  of  brand-new  army  brogans.     One  of  our  men 
called   out:     'What  are  you  doing  there,    Bill?'     'Taking  off  my 
shoes,'  said  he,  '  so  I  can  run  !  '     His  appearance  and  haste  to  get  in 
light  running  order  were  so  ludicrous  that  they  raised  a  great  laugh 
among  his  old  neighbors ;  but  we  captured  Bill — shoes  and  all." 

IV.  A  Gallant  Escort. — Miss  Kittie  Todd,   then  but  nineteen 
years  of  age,  a  sister  to  Mrs.  Gen.  Helm  and  half-sister  to  Mrs.  Abra 
ham  Lincoln,  had  an  experience  during  the  war  of  which  a  queen 
might  have  been  proud,  for  no  queen  ever  had  a  bodyguard  that 
would  have  protected  her  from  insult  and  danger  more  promptly  and 
desperately  than  hers.     Before  the  beginning  of  hostilities  she  had 
gone  from  Lexington,  Ky.,  to  Selma,  Ala.,  to  see  a  sister,  and  she  was 
still  in  the  South  when  Gen.  Helm  was  made  commandant  of  the  post 
at  Chattanooga,  winter  of  1862—63.     She    now  wished  to  return  and 
be  with  her  mother,  and  Gen.  Helm  procured  a  permit  for  her  to  pass 
the  lines  of  the  Confederate  Army ;  and  as  it  was  deemed  impracti 
cable  to  get  passage  over  the  L.  &  N.  Railroad,  then  controlled  by 
the  United  States  troops  as  far  south  as  Murfreesboro',  he  gave  her  an 
escort  from  the  First  Kentucky  Cavalry,  which  was  to  accompany  her 
to  Uniontown,  Ky. ,  where  she  could   take    passage   on  an   up-river 
steamer.      For  a   week  or  more,  traveling  in  a  buggy  with  Dr.  Bob 


894  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

Spalding,  she  was  guarded  by  this  cavalcade  of  young  Kentuckians, 
who  sought  out  ways  not  infested  by  Federal  troops,  sometimes 
proceeding  by  night  when  day-travel  would  have  been  more  perilous, 
and  conducted  in  safety  to  the  top  of  the  hill  back  of  Uniontown, 
then  in  possession  of  Federal  soldiers,  where  she  left  them  and  went 
on  foot  into  the  town.  Remaining  in  the  vicinity  only  long  enough  to 
ascertain  that  she  was  with  friends,  Capt.  Alfred  McGill  and  his  good 
wife,  at  the  old  Union  Hotel,  they  returned  to  their  command.  She 
took  passage  on  a  steamer  that  night  for  Louisville,  and  went  by  rail 
to  her  home  in  Lexington.  She  found  friends  everywhere,  even 
among  acquaintances  who  were  now  identified  with  the  Union  cause, 
and  but  once  was  trouble  imminent.  The  officer  at  Louisville  threat 
ened  to  send  her  back  South;  but  it  appears  that  somebody  noti 
fied  Mr.  Lincoln,  who,  it  is  said,  curtly  telegraphed  him  to  stick 
to  his  own  business.  At  any  rate,  she  was  allowed  to  go  home,  where 
she  remained  to  the  close  of  the  war,  engaged,  heart  and  hand,  with 
her  mother,  during  the  two  remaining  years,  in  contributing  to  the 
wants  of  her  countrymen  at  the  front  and  relieving  the  destitution  and 
suffering  of  those  who  were  sick  and  in  prison.  She  is  noticed  in  a 
previous  part  of  this  work  as  having  been  an  active  and  efficient  ally 
of  the  Southern  soldiers,  and  becoming  after  the  war  was  over  the 
wife  of  Wallace  Herr,  whom  she  had  known  as  a  young  lieutenant  on 
Jier  brother-in-law's  staff. 

V.  "The    Rose    and    Expectancy  of    the    Fair    State."— 

Speaking  of  a  certain  gentleman  who  served  in  different  capacities  dur 
ing  the  war,  and  once  laid  aside  his  sword  to  take  up  a  gun  in  the 
ranks,  a  comrade  said  :  "  I  do  not  know  whether  he  had  been  com 
missioned  again  or  not.  Certainly  he  was  worthy  of  a  commission;  but 
this  could  be  said  of  so  many  Kentuckians  who  served  in  the  ranks 
that  it  did  not  excite  surprise  when  a  good  soldier  either  received  or 
failed  of  promotion.  Gen.  Wm.  Preston  once  said  in  my  hearing  that 
the  young  Kentuckians  in  the  Confederate  Army  were  '  the  rose  and 
expectancy  of  the  fair  State,'  representing  all  that  was  great  and  heroic 
in  its  remarkable  history.  President  Davis  spoke  to  me  in  the  same 
vein  after  the  war,  referring  to  us  as  '  the  young  seed  corn  of  the  Con 
federacy,'  and  saying  that  from  the  bloody  planting  and  the  heroic  cul 
tivation  of  the  battlefield  there  would  have  grown  a  crop  that  would 
have  made  illustrious  our  government  had  we  succeeded  in  establish 
ing  it.  How  it  brightens  the  memory  of  the  dark  days  that  finally 
came  to  us  to  know  that  we  made  our  mark  on  the  history  of  our  era, 
.and  that  those  in  the  highest  places  bore  willing  testimony  to  our  de 
votion  to  duty !" 

VI.  The  American  Soldier  the  Best  of  This  Age. — I  deem 
the  American  soldier  in  many  respects  the  finest  soldier  of  the  age,  as 
he  is  certainly  the  most  intelligent.     He  unites  within  himself  the  es 
sential  qualities.     His  patriotism  is  unquestioned,   his   endurance  al 
most  without  limit,  while  his  courage  has  stood  the  crucial  test  of  a 
thousand  battlefields,  and  his  pride  in  his  name  and  honor  is  a  part  of 
the  great  history  of  his  country.    The  combination  of  genuine  courage 
and  true  pride  are  in  no  nation  more  happily  blended  than  in   Ameri 
can  soldiery.      Their  splendid  conduct  in  the  field  is  equalled  only  by 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  895 

the  readiness  with  which  they  adapt  themselves  to  the  pursuits  of  peace 
when  war's  alarms  are  fled,  becoming  as  excellent  citizens  as  they  have 
been  admirable  soldiers. — E.  Polk  Johnson  (in  "  Southern  Bivouac"}. 

VII.  "  Burgoyne  "  Had  It  In  for  His  Drillmaster. — Lieut. 
Joe  Vincent  tells  the  following  on  Wallace  Herr,  as  too  good  to  be 
lost:  "When  we  went  into  the  army  we  were  a  green  lot,  as  far  as 
military  matters  were  concerned.  Herr  was  our  first  instructor  (for 
Co.  E),  and  he  was  very  particular  to  impress  upon  us  the  importance 
of  observing  the  rules.  Some  of  us  were  on  picket  one  night  at  a 
bridge  between  Glasgow  and  Munfordville,  and  Wallace  was  sent  out 
with  a  squad  some  time  after  we  had  been  stationed,  to  see  whether  we 
were  doing  our  duty.  We  heard  him  talking  to  his  men  some  distance 
off,  and  knew  very  well  who  it  was;  but  Lyter  Vincent  (whom  Wallace 
had  nicknamed  'Burgoyne')  put  off  down  the  road  toward  them,  to 
challenge  in  due  form  before  they  reached  our  base.  At  the  proper 
distance,  he  called  out:  'Halt!  Who  comes  there?'  'Friends/  was 
the  answer,  'with  the  countersign.'  'Dismount,  one;  advance;  and 
give  the  countersign.'  'Oh,  now,  Burgoyne,  you  know  who  I  am.' 
'Click — click!'  went  Lyter's  gun,  and  he  repeated,  'Advance one,  and 
give  the  countersign.'  Wallace  got  off  his  horse  and  complied  with 
the  order;  but  it  was  bad  medicine  he  had  to  take,  if  it  was  his  own, 
as  the  road  was  slushy,  and  he  growled  a  little.  'Burgoyne,'  he 
added,  after  he  had  whispered  the  watchword,  'you  knew  who  I  was! 
What  did  you  make  me  get  down  in  the  snow  and  mud  that  way 
for?'" 


896  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 


CHAPTER  III. 

1863. 

In  the  operations  pending  and  during  the  battle  of  Stone  River,  al 
luded  to  in  preceding  chapter,  the  First  Kentucky  constituted  with  the 
Fifth  Kentucky,  Col.  D.  Howard  Smith,  and  the  Sixth  Kentucky, 
Col.  J.  Warren  Grigsby,  a  small  brigade  of  cavalry  under  command  of 
Brig. -Gen.  Abram  Buford,  one  of  four  brigades  under  the  general 
command  of  Gen.  Joseph  Wheeler. 

Buford  was  at  Rover,  eighteen  miles  from  Murfreesboro',  while 
Rosecrans  was  fighting  his  way  into  position  along  Stone  River.  Un 
der  order  of  Gen.  Bragg,  he  left  this  post  at  daylight,  Dec.  31,  1862, 
and  by  noon  had  taken  position  on  the  extreme  left.  Here  he  was 
joined  by  Wheeler's  main  force.  A  movement  was  now  begun  along 
the  enemy's  flank,  the  First  Kentucky  in  advance,  till  a  strong  force 
of  Federal  infantry,  cavalry,  and  artillery,  near  Miller's  house,  escort 
ing  a  large  wagon  train,  was  encountered.  Buford  promptly  formed, 
with  Col.  Butler  on  the  right  and  threatening  the  enemy's  flank.  Skir 
mishers  had  been  thrown  out,  and  these  opened  the  attack,  to  which 
the  enemy  replied  with  artillery.  The  affair  continued  only  a  short 
time,  the  brigade  receiving  an  order  from  Gen.  Wheeler  to  withdraw, 
but  not  until  some  loss  had  been  sustained.  The  First  Kentucky  had 
a  man  killed,  and  three  of  the  brigade  were  wounded ;  also,  two 
horses  were  killed  and  two  disabled ;  but  they  took  thirty  prisoners, 
whom  they  paroled  and  left  on  the  field. 

Shortly  after  rejoining  Wheeler  the  united  forces  moved  out  on  the 
Wilkinson  pike,  and  on  the  right  bank  of  Overall's  Creek  found  the 
enemy  posted  under  cover  of  woods.  Some  fighting  ensued  here,  dur 
ing  which  Maj.  Chenoweth,  Capt.  Wm.  Campbell,  and  six  privates  of 
Buford's  brigade  were  wounded.  The  enemy  on  this  part  of  the  line 
was  driven  back  more  than  a  mile,  and  some  prisoners  were  taken, 
whom,  as  at  Miller's,  they  were  compelled  to  parole  and  leave  at  large. 

During  the  movement  in  rear  of  the  enemy,  Thursday,  Jan.  i,  1862, 
the  First  participated  in  the  capture  and  destruction  of  a  large  wagon 
train  at  La  Vergne,  and  bringing  off  a  considerable  number  of  pris 
oners. 

On  Friday  morning,  January  2d,  the  brigade  took  position  on 
Bragg's  left,  near  Mrs.  Washington's,  where  it  remained  during  the 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  897 

day ;  but  at  9  o'clock  that  night  it  again  moved  with  other  cavalry  un 
der  Gen.  Wheeler  to  Rosecrans'  rear,  and  pressed  to  within  eight 
miles  of  Nashville.  At  Cox's  Hill,  the  First  Kentucky,  being  in  the 
rear,  found  the  advance  engaged  with  the  enemy  (Saturday  morning, 
January  3d).  The  command  was  hastily  drawn  up  and  dismounted, 
preparatory  to  an  attack  on  the  Federal  left ;  but  Wheeler,  having  cap 
tured  a  wagon  train  and  begun  the  work  of  destroying  what  he  could 
not  remove,  was  assailed  by  four  regiments  of  infantry  and  forced  to 
retire,  and  Buford  had  orders  to  withdraw  before  he  could  attack. 

Returning  to  the  vicinity  of  Murfreesboro'  the  brigade  resumed  the 
position  of  the  day  before  (at  Mrs.  Washington's),  where  it  rested  till 
sunrise  Sunday  morning  (Jan.  4),  when  Buford  was  notified  that  the 
cavalry  would  take  up  the  march  in  rear  of  Bragg's  retreating  columns, 
whereupon  he  retired  through  town  and  made  part  of  the  rearguard 
proceeding  southward  by  the  Shelbyville  pike. 

Some  fighting  took  place  en  route  to  Tullahoma  and  Shelbyville, 
opposite  which  latter  place  Folk's  Corps  halted,  while  Hardee  took 
position  at  Tullahoma ;  but  no  detailed  information  is  obtainable  as  to 
the  particular  part  taken  by  the  First  Cavalry. 

While  at  Winchester,  before  he  had  established  headquarters  at  Tul 
lahoma,  farther  north,  Bragg  issued  an  order  (Jan.  7,  1863,)  that 
Wharton  and  Buford  should  "cover  the  front  of  the  army,"  while 
Wheeler  should  proceed  to  operate  on  the  enemy's  rear.  Thus  en 
gaged,  the  First  Kentucky  did  not  accompany  Wheeler  on  his  expedi 
tion  to  the  Cumberland  River,  thence  to  Harpeth  Shoals,  during 
which  he  captured  and  destroyed  transports  and  a  large  quantity  of 
military  stores,  and  took  many  prisoners. 

On  Jan.  30,  1863,  Buford  was  relieved  and  ordered  to  report  to 
Gen.  Pemberton.  The  Fifth  and  Sixth  Kentucky  were  returned  to 
Morgan,  while  the  First  Kentucky  fell  under  the  general  direction  of 
Wheeler,  who  had  been  assigned  to  the  command  of  all  the  cavalry  in 
Middle  Tennessee.  Nothing  of  unusual  importance  occurred  until 
Rosecrans  began  his  movement  from  Murfreesboro',  June,  1863,  which 
forced  Bragg  to  retire  to  Chattanooga.  In  general  it  was  kept  well 
forward,  and  almost  daily  and  nightly  employed  during  these  months 
:n  scouting  and  outpost  duty,  and  was  frequently  engaged  in  skirmish 
ing  with  the  pickets  of  the  enemy.  The  comparative  inaction  of  the 
main  army  brought  little  rest  (rather  increased  responsibility  and  care) 
for  the  cavalry. 

The  First  Kentucky  was  on  duty  at  Hoover's  Gap,  east  of  the  Chat 
tanooga  railroad,  when  the  Federal  army  began  to  press  in  force,  by 
the  different  roads,  upon  Bragg's  position  (June  24,  1863).  About  10 
o'clock  that  morning,  the  pickets  of  the  First  were  driven  in,  and  the 


898  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

regiment  was  quickly  under  arms  and  drawn  out  to  meet  the  enemy's 
advance ;  but  he  came  on  in  such  strength  as  to  compel  retreat,  and 
the  command  began  to  fall  back  in  the  direction  of  Fairfield.  Maj. 
Chenoweth  called  for  a  dozen  volunteers  with  whom  he  could  act  as 
special  rearguard  and  enable  the  remainder  of  the  regiment  to  retreat 
in  order  and  be  well  in  hand  for  emergencies,  and  had  promptly  at  his 
disposal  the  required  number  of  well-mounted,  cool,  and  determined 
non-commissioned  officers  and  privates,  who  faced  to  the  front  and 
began  a  running  fight,  which  was  gallantly  maintained,  and  which  pre 
vented  a  precipitate  rush  of  the  enemy  for  about  seven  miles,  before 
they  met  the  infantry  which  had  been  ordered  to  join  in  covering  the 
retreat.  When  they  did,  there  were  but  five  or  six  of  them  left,  and 
three  of  these,  though  still  able  to  keep  their  saddles,  were  wounded. 
Loading  as  they  rode,  they  would  wheel  about,  dismount,  throw  their 
Enfields  across  their  saddles,  fire  into  the  faces  of  their  close-coming 
pursuers,  then  remount  and  repeat.  One  of  Chenoweth's  men  after 
ward  wrote  of  this  affair,  and  of  the  experience  of  the  regiment  that 
day,  as  follows:  "One  of  the  twelve  who  took  upon  themselves 
this  special  hazardous  duty,  Sergt.  Cicero  Harris,  was  shot  by  my  side, 
and  I  did  not  know  it  for  a  half  hour  or  more  afterward.  His  foot 
was  torn  to  pieces  by  a  musket  ball ;  yet  he  made  no  sign,  uttered  no 
complaint,  but  fought  on  like  the  splendid  soldier  he  was  till  his 
white,  death-like  face  attracted  attention,  and  in  response  to  inquiries 
he  told  of  his  wound  and  his  agony.  When  we  got  out,  Maj.  Cheno 
weth  reported  to  the  general  and  asked  the  honor  of  commanding  the 
advance  on  the  enemy,  proposing  to  make  it  with  the  three  of  us  who 
were  still  unhurt.  Of  course,  his  request  was  denied ;  and  we  re 
joined  our  regiment  and  heard  the  infantry  as  they  marched  by  us  in 
the  rain  toward  the  front,  '  going,'  as  they  said,  '  on  a  wild  goose 
chase,'  curse  the  cavalry  for  raising  '  a  false  alarm,'  as  they  called  it. 
Poor  dear  boys !  It  was  not  many  minutes  before  they  found  what  a 
real  alarm  it  was;  and  many  of  them  never  answered  roll-call  again. 
The  fight  was  a  sharp  one,  lasting  all  the  remainder  of  the  day.  Dur 
ing  the  entire  night  after  it  ceased  we  sat  on  our  horses,  not  far  in  ad 
vance  of  the  enemy,  in  such  a  down-pour  of  rain  as  is  seldom  seen 
anywhere.  The  next  day,  desultory  fighting  began  ;  then  we  fell  back 
to  Tullahoma;  and  when  Bragg's  general  retreat  began  the  First  Ken 
tucky  was  in  the  rear  every  step  of  the  way  and  did  its  duty  as  Ken- 
tuckians  were  wont  to  do.  When  we  rode  across  the  bridge  at  Steven 
son,  Ala.,  it  was  already  burning;  but  we  had  been  given  the  post  of 
honor,  had  held  it,  and  were  proud  of  it.  It  was  a  good  old  regi 
ment,  if  one  of  its  members  does  say  it,  and  never  did  anything  to  be 
ashamed  of." 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  899 

An  incident  of  the  day's  experience  is  worth  recording :  At  one 
time,  after  leaving  Tullahoma,  the  regiment  was  ordered  (for  what 
reason  the  writer  has  not  found  it  definitely  stated),  to  draw  up  in  an 
open  field,  and  hold  its  ground  without  returning  fire.  It  was  but  a 
short  time  till  a  Federal  regiment  came  within  range  and  halted.  It 
was  so  close  that  the  Kentuckians  distinctly  heard  the  command  of  its 
colonel  as  the  line  dressed  up,  "  Ready — aim — fire  !"  True  to  orders 
the  First  stood  its  ground  without  wavering,  and  took  the  volley — 
happily  without  serious  consequences,  as  the  enemy  seemed  to  have 
checked  up  but  momentarily  in  the  execution  of  a  rapid  movement. 
"  It  was  well  done,"  said  a  participant,  "  but  it  was  not  easily  done,  if 
the  other  men  felt  as  I  did." 

With  this  retreat  upon  Chattanooga  began  the  marchings,  counter- 
marchings,  reconnoiterings  in  force — all  the  preliminary  steps  to  the 
marshaling  of  the  great  armies  fronting  each  other  on  the  battlefield  of 
Chickamauga.  Previous  to  the  conflict  which  began  here,  Sept.  19, 
1863,  the  First  Kentucky  had  been  assigned  to  what  was  known  as 
the  second  brigade  of  Wharton's  Division,  Wheeler's  Corps.  This 
cavalry  brigade,  under  command  of  Col.  Thomas  Harrison,  was  re 
ported  on  the  yth  of  October  to  consist  of  the  First  Kentucky,  Eighth 
Texas,  Eleventh  Texas,  Third  Confederate,  and  a  battery  of  six  small 
guns. 

Meanwhile,  from  some  time  in  July  till  August  31,  the  First  Ken 
tucky  had  one  period  of  real  rest  and  recreation — a  freedom  from  re 
sponsibility  which  could  be  appreciated  in  its  fullness  only  by  men  who 
had  been  kept  on  the  move  and  much  in  action  for  nearly  two  years ;  an 
abundance  of  wholesome  food  for  man  and  beast  to  which  they  had 
long  been  strangers,  and  in  such  variety  as  the  Southern  soldier  seldom 
found,  even  for  a  single  day.  This  unusual  experience  can  best  be  de 
scribed  in  an  extract  from  an  account  by  a  member  of  the  regiment, 
m  whose  memory  it  seemed  to  linger  as  something  thitherto  unknown 
in  a  Kentucky  cavalryman's  life.  Note  also  that  he  explains  how  Col. 
Butler  got  himself  into  temporary  trouble  by  resenting  unjust  treat 
ment  of  his  men  in  the  matter  of  arms,  and  how  the  regiment  could  de 
pend  on  its  own  resources,  as  it  had  done  several  times  before,  when 
arms  and  equipments  were  not  furnished  or  were  not  to  their  liking. 
We  quote  as  follows  : 

"  After  Bragg's  army  had  been  withdrawn  from  Tullahoma  and 
neighboring  points  where  it  had  spent  the  winter  and  spring,  the 
First  Kentucky  all  the  time  forming  part  of  his  cavalry  rearguard,  and 
was  established  south  of  the  Tennessee,  the  authorities  concluded  that 
the  regiment  had  earned  a  rest,  and  it  was  sent  early  in  July  to  Spring 
Creek,  ten  miles  from  Rome,  Ga. ,  a  splendid  section,  rich  enough  to 


900  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

claim  kinship  with  our  native  State,  and  peopled  by  families  that  would 
honor  any  section.  No  troops  had  ever  been  stationed  there ;  and  the 
First  Kentucky  had  from  six  to  eight  weeks  of  relaxation  and  enjoy 
ment.  Military  duty  was  light  and  easy  to  these  veterans  of  so  many 
campaigns  ;  the  paymaster  came  and  the  command  received  all  arrear 
ages  ;  money  was  plentiful,  and  the  citizens  in  the  neighborhood  got  it 
all  in  return  for  the  delicacies  they  brought  daily  into  camp.  Fruits 
were  abundant.  The  supply  of  watermelons,  sweet  and  luscious,  was 
so  great  that  the  cost  was  merely  nominal.  Sweet  potatoes,  then  in 
market,  with  green  corn  and  the  juciest  of  young  and  tender  beef, 
were  staple  articles  of  diet. 

"  For  two  years  these  men  had  known  nothing  like  this.  Often  sub 
sisting  for  many  successive  days  on  what  they  could  hastily  forage  in 
poor  regions  of  country  ;  in  general  but  inadequately  supplied  when 
their  commissariat  was  at  its  best, — the  contrast  was  striking,  and  to 
troops  covetous  of  inglorious  ease  rather 'than  honorable  service,  it 
would  have  been  demoralizing. 

"  The  men  grew  fat  and  saucy;  but  they  did  not  forget  that  they 
must  up  and  away  at  a  call  from  the  front ;  and  they  looked  to  their 
horses  and  accoutrements.  Their  animals  literally  lived  in  clover,  and 
the  worn  and  wasted  creatures  rapidly  recovered  flesh  and  spirit.  The 
First  Kentucky  became  once  more  an  ideal  regiment,  fit  for  any  serv 
ice,  ready  for  any  emergency.  The  army  missionaries  went  there, 
and  a  spacious  church  building  near  by  was  tendered  them.  Here  for 
some  weeks  services  were  held  regularly  each  day.  The  rough  riders 
whom  they  hoped  to  reach  had  not  established  a  record  for  either  re 
ligion  or  pronounced  morality ;  they  resembled  far  more  the  cavaliers 
who  rode  with  Rupert  than  the  Roundheads  who  sang  psalms  and 
killed  their  brother  Englishmen  in  the  name  of  the  Lord ;  but  they 
were  gentlemen  born  and  bred,  and  they  respected  these  ministers  of 
God  and  attended  the  services  as  regularly  as  they  had  been  wont  to 
do  in  peaceful  and  sunnier  days  in  their  old  Kentucky  home.  They 
listened  to  the  earnest  pleas  of  the  good  missionaries,  and  some  of 
them  publicly  proclaimed  their  intention  to  lead  henceforth  a  Christian 
life,  and  they  kept  the  pledge,  too. 

"  During  its  campaigns  succeeding  Stone  River  the  regiment  had 
been  very  indifferently  armed.  Their  gun  was  the  Columbus  carbine, 
a  weapon  made  at  Columbus,  Ga. ,  short  of  range,  loosely  constructed, 
unreliable  in  almost  every  respect,  and  a  cause  of  uneasiness  in  battle, 
and  of  much  complaint.  On  the  march  to  Spring  Creek,  these  car 
bines  were  left  at  the  arsenal  in  Rome  to  be  repaired.  When  ordered 
to  the  front,  last  week  in  August,  the  command  found  them  rusty  and 
still  out  of  order;  they  had  been  untouched  by  the  gunsmith  and  his 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  901 

workmen;  and  Col.  Butler  peremptorily  refused  to  receive  them, 
justly  claiming  that  his  regiment  was  entitled  to  the  very  best  weapons, 
and  that  those  old  ones  were  unfit  for  any  sort  of  service.  The  men 
cheered  him  and  joined  in  demanding  something  trustworthy ;  and 
when  this  was  reported  he  was  ordered  under  arrest. 

"  When  the  regiment  rejoined  the  army  in  the  field,  the  men  were 
without  guns,  and  an  issue  of  Belgian  rifles  was  made.  This  gun,  as 
will  be  remembered  by  those  who  handled  it  early  in  1862,  was  long 
and  heavy,  with  a  recoil  like  a  mountain  howitzer.  The  men 
took  this  withou.t  a  murmur,  little  as  they  liked  it.  They  knew  what 
they  wanted,  and  they  believed  in  their  ability  to  get  it.  These 
clumsy  rifles,  if  well  handled,  would  enable  them  to  do  what  they  had 
done  before — take  from  the  hands  of  the  enemy  something  suited  to 
their  purposes.  A  few  days  later  the  battle  of  Chickamauga  was 
fought,  and  at  its  conclusion  there  was  not  a  Belgian  gun  in  the  regi 
ment;  it  was  armed  with  splendid  new  Enfields,  bearing  the  U. 
S.  brand.  After  the  capture  of  the  Kentucky  Federal  Cavalry, 
noticed  elsewhere,  almost  every  man  had  also  more  pistols  than  he  had 
any  use  for.  These  Federal  troops  carried  excellent  carbines,  but 
they  were  broken  in  pieces,  as  they  could  not  be  turned  to  good  account 
by  Confederate  cavalry  for  want  of  suitable  ammunition." 

Gen.  Wheeler's  report,  which  gives  in  a  general  way  the  important 
part  performed  by  mounted  force,  pending,  during,  and  for  a  short  time 
after,  the  two  days  of  momentous  struggle  at  Chickamauga,  as  well  as 
the  summing  up  of  what  it  achieved,  is  as  follows : 

HEADQUARTERS  CAVALRY  CORPS, 

Oct.  30,  1863. 


On  August  27,  my  command,  consisting  of  Wharton's  and  Martin's 
divisions  and  Roddey's  brigade,  was  stationed  as  follows :  Estes'  regi 
ment,  of  Wharton's  division,  picketing  the  Tennessee  River  from 
Bridgeport  to  Guntersville ;  Wade's  regiment,  Martin's  division,  from 
Guntersville  to  Decatur,  and  detachments  from  Roddey's  brigade  from 
Decatur  to  the  mouth  of  Bear  Creek.  The  main  body  of  Wharton's 
division  was  stationed  near  Rome,  Ga.  ;  of  Martin's  division,  near 
Alexandria,  Ala.,  and  of  Roddey's  brigade,  near  Tuscumbia,  Ala. 
Two  regiments  of  the  corps  were  on  detached  duty  with  Gen.  Pillow. 

On  the  27th,  Gen.  Martin's  command,  numbering  about  1,200  men, 
was  ordered  to  Trenton,  and  Gen.  Wharton's  to  the  vicinity  of  Chatta 
nooga. 

On  the  29th  the  enemy  crossed  the  Tennessee  River  in  force,  driv- 


902  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

ing  back  the  pickets  of  Gen.  Estes'  regiment.  About  500  men  of 
Gen.  Martin's  division,  under  Lieut. -Col.  Mauldin,  moved  up  Wills' 
Valley,  and  were  placed  on  picket  duty  below  Chattanooga. 

It  now  became  evident  that  the  enemy  were  moving  two  divisions 
of  cavalry  and  McCook's  corps  of  infantry  over  Sand  Mountain  and 
into  Wills'  Valley  by  the  Caperton  road.  I  was  ordered  to  take  post 
in  Broomton  Valley  for  the  purpose  of  picketing  the  passes  of  Look 
out  Mountain.  Gen.  Martin,  with  about  1,200  men,  guarded  the 
passes  from  the  Tennessee  River  to  Neal's  Gap,  and  Gen.  Wharton 
from  Neal's  Gap  to  Gadsden.  These  commands  kept  the  enemy  con 
stantly  observed,  and  full  reports  concerning  him  were  several  times 
each  day  sent  to  headquarters.  Several  columns  of  the  enemy's  cav 
alry  pushed  over  the  mountain,  all  of  which  were  successfully  driven 
back. 

On  September  izth,  McCook's  corps  of  infantry  and  Stanley's  corps 
of  cavalry  moved  over  the  mountain  at  Alpine,  and,  after  a  severe 
fight,  pur  cavalry  (under  Col.  Avery,  a  most  gallant  and  discreet 
officer,)  was  compelled  to  fall  back. 

Skirmishing  every  day  until  the  iyth,  when  I  was  ordered  to  move 
into  McLemore's  Cove,  by  Dug  and  Catlett's  Gaps,  and  attack  the 
enemy  in  order  to  make  a  demonstration  in  that  direction.  We  fought 
for  some  hours,  driving  the  enemy  for  some  distance,  but  finally  de 
veloped  a  force  too  large  to  be  dislodged. 

On  the  following  day  we  moved  to  Owen's  Ford,  on  Chickamauga 
River,  leaving  heavy  pickets  at  all  the  gaps  of  the  mountain  as  far  as 
Gadsden. 

About  2  P.  M.,  I  learned  that  the  enemy's  cavalry  were  moving  up 
McLemore's  Cove.  I  moved  across  the  river  and  warmly  assailed 
their  flank,  dividing  the  column  and  driving  the  enemy  into  confusion 
in  both  directions. 

During  the  night  I  received  orders  to  guard  well  all  the  passes  of 
the  mountain,  and  all  the  fords  of  the  river,  down  to  Gen.  Longstreet's 
left  flank,  and  to  attack  the  enemy  at  every  opportunity  which  pre 
sented  itself.  This  order  was  complied  with,  and  the  remainder  of  my 
force  was  concentrated  at  Glass's  Mills.  A  considerable  force  of  the 
enemy  with  artillery  were  deployed  on  the  opposite  bank,  and  we  warmly 
assailed  this  force,  hoping  that  we  might  draw  troops  from  the  center, 
and  thus  create  a  diversion.  After  a  short  fight  the  enemy  wavered. 
We  charged  him  and  drove  a  largely  superior  force  fully  two  miles  to 
Crawfish  Spring,  killing  and  wounding  large  numbers,  and  taking 
thirty-five  officers  and  men  prisoners,  besides  the  wounded.  We  were 
successful  in  creating  the  diversion,  as  the  enemy  thought  our  advance 
a  heavy  flank  movement,  and  reenforced  this  point  heavily.  The 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  903 

enemy,    in   his  accounts  of  the  battle,   states    that  Gen.    Longstreet 
flanked  him  at  this  point  at  the  hour  we  made  the  attack. 

At  this  time  I  received  orders  to  move  my  available  force  to  Lee  and 
Gordon's  Mills,  and  attack  the  enemy.  We  arrived  at  that  place  about 
3  P.  M.  ,  crossed  the  river,  and  vigorously  assailed  him.  After  a  short 
time  he  began  retreating  in  confusion.  We  followed  as  rapidly  as  pos 
sible,  capturing  about  1,000  prisoners,  twenty  wagons,  and  a  large 
amount  of  arms  and  ordnance  stores.  About  dark  (September  20), 
we  also  captured  five  large  hospitals,  with  a  considerable  supply  of 
medicines,  camp  equippage,  and  a  great  number  of  wounded  prisoners, 
besides  over  one  hundred  surgeons.  The  pursuit  was  continued  till 
after  nightfall,  when  we  retired  to  feed  our  horses. 

Early  on  the  morning  of  the  2ist,  I  detached  two  regiments,  pur 
suant  to  orders,  to  pick  up  stragglers  and  arms.  About  9  A.  M.  I  re 
ceived  orders  from  Gen.  Longstreet  to  send  a  force  of  cavalry  to  find 
the  enemy's  position.  At  the  same  time  I  received  orders  from  Gen. 
Bragg,  through  Col.  McKinstry,  to  save  the  captured  property.  To 
accomplish  both  these  objects  I  detailed  five  hundred  of  my  best 
mounted  men,  under  Col.  Anderson,  to  comply  with  Gen.  Longstreet's 
orders,  with  full  instructions  to  report  every  hour  to  that  officer.  As 
previously  stated,  two  regiments  were  already  at  work  collecting  strag 
glers  and  arms,  leaving  with  me  but  about  1,700  men. 

Just  at  this  time  I  received  information  from  my  pickets  at  Owen's 
Ford  that  the  enemy,  in  large  force,  was  driving  back  our  cavalry  from 
that  point.  It  was  also  reported  that  the  enemy  had  a  large  train  of 
wagons  with  him.  At  the  same  time  I  observed  a  heavy  dust  in  Chat 
tanooga  Valley,  which  appeared  to  indicate  a  movement  from  Chatta 
nooga  along  the  foot  of  Lookout  Mountain  toward  McLemore's  Cove. 
For  the  purpose  of  succoring  the  command  reported  at  Owen's  Ford, 
I  immediately  moved  over  to  Chattanooga  Valley.  I  then  left  the 
Eighth  Texas  Rangers  and  my  escort  to  hold  the  enemy  in  check, 
while  with  the  balance  of  the  command  I  moved  up  toward  McLemore's 
Cove. 

After  marching  about  five  miles,  we  met  a  large  force  of  cavalry, 
which,  seeing  the  dust  of  our  approach,  had  deployed  a  considerable 
force  in  a  strong  position.  I  immediately  deployed  two  regiments  and 
began  skirmishing.  Finding  their  position  strong,  I  detached  •  a 
squadron  to  turn  their  right  flank.  This  caused  the  enemy  to  waver, 
when  we  charged  in  line  and  also  in  column  on  the  road,  driving  him 
in  confusion.  The  enemy  attempted  to  form  a  new  line  with  his  re 
serve  several  times,  but  we  met  him  with  such  force  as  to  disperse  him 
each  time,  driving  him  before  us.  We  continued  the  charge  several 
miles,  capturing,  killing,  or  dispersing  nearly  the  entire  command, 


904  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

said  to  number  about  two  thousand  men.  We  secured  immediately 
upon  the  road  only  about  one  hundred.  We  also  captured  eighteen 
stand  of  colors,  and  secured  their  entire  train,  numbering  about  ninety 
wagons,  loaded  with  valuable  baggage.  Many  of  the  men  who 
escaped  to  the  adjoining  woods  were  picked  up  on  the  following  morn 
ing,  and  only  seventy-five  men,  half  of  whom  were  dismounted,  suc 
ceeded  in  joining  the  Federal  army.  We  also  captured  a  number  of 
arms.  The  wagons  and  mules  were  turned  over  to  the  chief  quarter 
master,  Army  of  Tennessee. 

On  the  following  morning,  pursuant  to  orders,  we  pressed  on  to 
within  one  and  a  quarter  mile  of  Chattanooga,  driving  the  enemy's 
cavalry  behind  his  infantry.  We  remained  in  this  position  till  night, 
when,  pursuant  to  orders,  I  proceeded  toward  Trenton,  preparatory 
to  crossing  the  Tennessee  River.  After  one  day's  march,  I  received 
orders  to  return  and  sweep  up  Lookout  Mountain  to  Point  Lookout. 
The  order  was  received  at  2  p.  M.,  and  I  immediately  started  with  an 
advance  guard  of  two  hundred  men,  ordering  the  command  to  follow. 
On  arriving  at  Summertown  at  dark,  I  found  one  regiment  of  the 
enemy  behind  strong  barricades.  I  dismounted  my  men  to  feel  their 
position  and  charge  their  flanks,  driving  them  for  some  distance.  In 
this  hasty  retreat  they  left  several  guns,  knapsacks,  overcoats,  and 
cooking  utensils ;  also  their  supper,  already  copked.  By  this  time  I 
learned  that  my  command  had  been  stopped  and  ordered  to  Chicka- 
mauga  Station.  I,  however,  with  my  small  command  (which  num 
bered  105  mounted  men),  pressed  the  enemy  off  the  mountain.  After 
surveying  the  enemy's  works  and  reporting  fully  his  position  to  the 
commanding  general,  I  proceeded  to  Chickamauga  Station,  where  I  re 
ceived  orders  to  cross  the  Tennessee  River  above  Chattanooga. 
During  the  night,  however,  I  received  orders  to  move  toward  Charles 
ton  to  support  Gen.  Forrest  who  was  moving  upon  the  enemy  in  that 
direction. 

The  results  of  the  operations  of  the  cavalry  under  my  command 
during  the  battle  of  Chickamauga  were,  first,  guarding  the  left  flank 
of  the  army  for  a  distance  of  ninety  miles  during  and  for  twenty  days 
preceding  the  battle  of  Chickamauga,  during  which  time  it  continually 
observed  and  skirmished  with  the  enemy,  repelling  and  developing  all 
his  diversions.  During  the  battle,  with  the  available  force  (which 
never  exceeded  2,000  men)  not  on  other  duty  (such  as  guarding  the 
flank),  we  fought  the  enemy  vigorously  and  successfully,  killing  and 
wounding  large  numbers,  and  capturing  2,000  prisoners,  100  wagons 
and  teams,  a  large  amount  of  other  property,  and  eighteen  stand  of 
colors,  all  of  which  were  turned  over  to  the  proper  authorities. 

JOSEPH  WHEELER,  Major- General. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  905 

We  notice  the  operations  of  the  First  Kentucky  somewhat  more  in 
detail.  Arriving  at  LaFayette,  after  leaving  Rome  on  August  31,  and 
obtaining  a  supply  of  Belgians,  the  brigade  of  which  it  was  a  part  was 
ordered  to  guard  the  various  gaps  from  Catlett's  to  Alpine,  in  the  exe 
cution  of  which  duty  it  occasionally  engaged  advanced  parties  of  Fed 
eral  troops.  Some  days  before  the  battle  of  Chickamauga,  it  was  sta 
tioned  at  Tryon's  Mill,  between  LaFayette  and  Summersville ;  but  when 
battle  became  imminent  it  was  moved  to  the  left  flank  of  the  Confed 
erate  army,  and  during  the  battle  took  an  active  part,  "  sustaining,"  says 
the  record  found  on  the  roster  and  muster-roll  of  the  regiment  under 
date  of  Dec.  31,  1863,  "considerable  loss  of  men  and  horses." 

Jefferson  Davis,  in  his  "Rise  and  Downfall  of  the  Confederacy," 
says,  referring  to  incidents  of  the  second  day  :  "  Wheeler,  with  his 
cavalry,  struck  boldly  at  the  enemy's  extreme  right,  and  with  such 
effect  that  in  the  Federal  reports  the  attack  was  mistaken  for  a  flank 
movement  by  Gen.  Longstreet."  This  refers  to  a  charge  made  on 
foot.  These  dismounted  cavalrymen,  among  which  were  the  men  of 
the  First  Kentucky,  charged  through  an  open  field,  and  drove  the 
enemy  from  their  breastworks  on  that  flank,  completely  routing  them, 
and  pursuing  them  for  more  than  a  mile.  Besides  the  dead  and 
wounded  left  on  the  ground,  these  Confederates  brought  off  a  large 
number  of  prisoners.  The  First  Kentucky  was  the  first  to  break 
through  the  lines. 

Sept.  21,  the  day  succeeding  the  close  of  the  great  battle,  the  First 
Kentucky  and  Eleventh  Texas  were  part  of  Wheeler's  force  sent  to 
McLemore's  Cove,  and  these  troops  charged  a  brigade  of  Kentucky 
Federal  cavalry  and  took  about  two-thirds  of  them  prisoners. 

When  Bragg  took  position  along  Mission  Ridge,  where  for  about  two 
months  he  held  the  Federal  army  in  a  state  of  siege,  Gen.  Wheeler's 
corps  was  stationed  on  the  extreme  right,  along  the  Tennessee  River, 
where  for  a  few  days  he  continued  active  operations  by  small  detach 
ments  ;  but  soon  engaged  in  force  in  a  daring  and  difficult  enterprise 
which  resulted  in  the  infliction  of  great  loss  of  munitions  of  war  and 
other  military  stores,  and  was  the  cause  of  much  annoyance  and  no  lit 
tle  real  suffering  to  the  Federal  army. 

From  his  post  of  observation  above  Chattanooga,  he  was  ordered 
(September  2pth)  to  cross  the  Tennessee  and  break  up  Rosecrans' 
communications  with  Nashville  and  with  such  portions  of  Middle  Ten 
nessee  as  were  accessible  to  the  Federal  army  for  food  supplies.  This 
was  in  pursuance  of  Bragg's  policy  to  shut  hi  n  in  Chattanooga  by  in. 
vesting  the  place  with  infantry  and  artillery  as  completely  as  possible 
and  using  his  cavalry  to  prevent  him  from  foraging  to  the  northward 
or  receiving  supplies  by  rail. 


906  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

Leaving  one  brigade  with  the  army,  and  taking  some  troops  that 
Gen.  Forrest  had  sent  him,  though  many  of  these  had  such  bad  and 
jaded  horses  that  they  had  to  be  left,  he  crossed  at  Cottonport,  October 
ist,  in  the  face  of  the  enemy,  whom  he  drove  three  miles  that  night. 
On  the  2d,  about  ten  miles  out  on  the  Jasper  road,  towards  Sequat- 
chie  Valley,  he  overtook  and  destroyed  thirty-two  six-mule  wagons.  On 
approaching  Anderson's  Cross  Roads,  in  the  valley,  he  was  met  by  a 
considerable  force  of  Federal  cavalry,  which  he  charged  and  drove 
back  and  then  struck  a  great  wagon  train,  extending  from  the  top  of 
Walden's  Ridge  ten  miles  toward  Jasper,  heavily  loaded  with  ord 
nance,  quartermaster,  and  commissary  stores,  and  escorted  by  a  strong 
guard.  The  number  of  wagons  has  been  variously  estimated  at  from 
eight  hundred  to  fifteen  hundred.  The  quartermaster  in  charge,  as 
Gen.  Wheeler  reported,  stated  that  there  were  eight  hundred  six-mule 
teams,  besides  a  large  number  of  sutler  wagons. 

Placing  the  Kentuckians  in  reserve,  with  the  main  body  of  the  force 
then  in  hand  he  promptly  attacked  the  leading  escort.  The  com 
mander  was  a  determined  fighter  and  his  men  were  veterans ;  he 
formed  quickly  and  met  the  attack  with  such  vigor  that  the  Confed 
erates  were  repulsed.  Wheeler  then  rode  up  to  Col.  Griffith  and  asked 
him  whether  his  Kentuckians  could  take  the  train.  What  followed 
was  afterward  tersely  told  by  a  participant :  ' '  Griffith's  answer  was  to 
dismount;  and  in  less  than  two  minutes  the  First  Kentucky  was  going 
up  the  ridge.  In  less  than  ten  minutes  the  train,  with  a  number  of 
prisoners,  was  ours ;  and  the  commander  of  the  escort,  with  his  sur 
viving  men,  was  going  toward  Chattanooga  on  short  rations." 

After  hastily  appropriating  to  their  use  whatever  supplies  of  food 
and  clothing  they  needed  and  could  conveniently  remove,  they  were 
ordered  to  fire  the  train,  and  most  of  the  wagons  were  speedily  in 
flames.  Hardly  was  this  work  of  destruction  fairly  under  way,  how 
ever,  before  the  order  to  remount  was  sounded.  A  heavy  force  was 
moving  up  the  valley  to  support  the  escort  or  to  retake  the  train ;  and 
the  advance  had  begun  firing  on  the  victorious  cavalry.  Wheeler,  now 
greatly  outnumbered,  brought  it  to  a  stand  by  the  sharp  fighting  that 
ensued,  and  continued  the  work  of  destruction  until  it  was  well  accom 
plished,  after  which  he  retired  in  good  order,  and  took  up  the  line  of 
march  for  the  interior  of  Tennessee  without  being  immediately  pursued. 

As  the  Confederates  withdrew  through  a  wood,  they  reached  an 
open  field,  on  one  side  of  which  a  strong  line  of  the  enemy  had  taken 
position  behind  a  stone  fence,  almost  in  the  rear  of  the  line  of  retreat; 
and  in  crossing  this  field  the  First  Kentucky  sustained  loss.  Col. 
Griffith  received  a  wound.  Here,  too,  Capt.  Jack  Jones,  of  Co.  B, 
received  his  death  wound.  (See  end  of  this  chapter.)  The  little 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  <K)7 

regiment,  lost  in  killed,  wounded  and  prisoners,  about  twenty-five, 
rank  and  file. 

Though  forced  to  retire,  it  was  not,  as  has  been  said,  until  the  Con 
federate  general  had  been  completely  successful,  and  at  a  loss  which, 
estimated  numerically,  was  in  striking  contrast  to  the  achievement. 
The  destruction  of  this  immense  train  of  wagons  and  teams,  with  great 
stores  of  provisions,  clothing,  and  munitions  of  war,  was  a  serious  blow 
to  Rosecrans'  army — and  gave  promise  of  the  ultimate  success  of  Gen. 
Bragg's  plans  to  compel  his  surrender  and  the  transfer  of  Federal  oc 
cupation  to  the  shores  of  the  Cumberland. 

Moving  that  night  over  the  Cumberland  Mountains,  he  joined  Gen. 
Wharton  at  the  foot  of  the  range.  Proceeding  on  the  3d  to  McMinn- 
ville,  which  was  then  garrisoned  by  a  Federal  force,  he  captured  that 
place,  with  its  enormous  supplies  of  quartermaster  and  commissary 
stores.  Such  of  these  as  were  not  needed  he  destroyed ;  also  a  loco 
motive  and  train  of  cars,  and  a  bridge  over  Hickory  Creek.  The  gar 
rison  of  587,  rank  and  file,  with  their  arms,  ammunition,  and  accoutre 
ments,  surrendered.  Next  day  (October  4)  there  was  skirmishing  with 
the  enemy  at  Hill's  Gap,  near  Beersheba;  also  at  Ready ville,  while 
the  expedition  was  threatened,  front  and  rear,  by  the  now  thoroughly 
aroused  Federal  forces. 

Passing  to  Murfreesboro',  known  to  be  garrisoned,  but  in  what 
strength  was  uncertain,  an  incident  occurred  which  indicated  that  Gen. 
Wheeler  meditated  an  attack  upon  the  defensive  works  east  of  the 
town,  from  which  he  desisted  only  after  having  ascertained  that  the 
garrison  was  much  stronger  than  had  been  supposed — having  been 
heavily  reinforced  when  it  was  known  that  the  Confederate  cavalry  was 
advancing  in  that  direction.  When  the  command  halted  in  sight  of  the 
place,  an  order  was  sent  back  to  the  First  Kentucky  to  the  effect  that 
every  man  who  was  well-mounted  and  had  a  good  pistol  must  report 
at  the  head  of  the  column.  Instant  preparation  was  made;  and  about 
half  the  regiment,  on  good  horses  and  carrying  pistols  of  their  own  or 
borrowed  from  comrades  whose  horses  were  unfit  for  the  desperate  en 
terprise,  reported  under  command  of  Maj.  James  Q.  Chenoweth. 
These  were  formed  at  the  right  of  the  general  line,  and  advanced  at  a 
trot,  which  was  presently  quickened  to  a  gallop,  and  the  fight  seemed 
to  be  on,  as  the  enemy's  outworks  were  in  plain  view ;  but  at  this  criti 
cal  moment  an  aide  dashed  up  with  an  order  to  Chenoweth  to  halt  and 
return  to  the  former  position.  Timely  information  had  been  received, 
and  the  gallant  squadron  was  prevented  from  charging  madly  upon  the 
enemy's  batteries,  advantageously  placed,  well  manned,  and  supported 
by  a  strong  force  of  infantry.  A  little  delay,  and  the  detachment 
would  have  ridden  gallantly  to  almost  inevitable  destruction. 


908  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

After  some  further  demonstration,  the  Confederates  passed  Stone 
River.  A  brief  conflict  ensued  which  resulted  in  the  capture  of  a 
strong  stockade  guarding  the  railroad  bridge  over  that  stream,  with  its 
garrison  of  fifty-two  men.  The  bridge  was  destroyed  and  the  track 
torn  up  for  three  miles. 

On  the  6th,  they  destroyed  all  the  large  bridges  between  Murfrees- 
boro'  and  Wartrace,  and  at  Christiana  and  Fosterville  a  train  and  a 
quantity  of  military  stores ;  captured  guards ;  skirmished  with  the 
enemy  at  Sims's  farm  near  Shelbyville;  and  at  Shelbyville  the  garrison 
fled  on  their  approach,  leaving  large  supplies  and  munitions  of  war. 

The  enemy  was  now  closely  pursuing,  and  in  great  force,  and  at 
Farmington,  on  the  yth,  Wheeler  was  compelled  to  fight  a  large  force 
of  infantry  and  mounted  troops  in  order  to  save  Gen.  Wharton's  com 
mand  and  the  wagons  and  caissons,  not  at  the  time  well  up,  and  certain 
to  be  captured  if  left  unsupported.  This  serious  conflict  resulted  from 
a  misapprehension  of  orders  on  the  part  of  Gen.  Davidson,  who,  with 
Gen.  Hodge,  had  joined  Wheeler  on  the  march;  but  after  some  des 
perate  fighting,  during  which  Gen.  Wharton  and  the  train  passed, 
Wheeler  withdrew  without  being  followed.  Though  he  had  sustained 
some  loss,  he  had  inflicted  much  more. 

During  all  these  operations  the  First  Kentucky  had  maintained  a 
place  which  had  become  habitual;  namely,  that  of  an  apparently  in 
dispensable  part  of  every  movement,  of  almost  every  skirmish  and 
every  special  detail;  but  at  the  latter  town,  after  the  corps  had  turned 
southward,  the  First  Kentucky  was  subjected  to  that  trying  ordeal 
which  tests  the  mettle  of  troops  more  severely  than  the  shock  of  battle. 
When  dispositions  were  made  for  fighting  there  (Oct.  7),  this  regiment 
was  halted  in  column  in  a  wood  which  came  upon  each  side  of  the 
road  by  which  it  had  approached.  For  a  while  there  was  firing  to  the 
right,  though  not  in  its  immediate  vicinity  ;  but  presently  the  enemy, 
apparently  in  strong  force,  and  partially  concealed,  observed  the  col 
umn  and  opened  fire  upon  it.  There  were  no  orders,  express  or  im 
plied,  and  the  officers  were  at  a  loss  whether  to  form  and  engage  or 
simply  to  maintain  position  as  a  necessary  part  of  the  commander's 
plan.  With  true  soldierly  appreciation  of  the  principle  that  the  right 
of  independent  action  on  the  part  of  an  individual  or  of  a  regiment 
on  the  field  of  battle  must  not  be  taken  for  granted,  but  given  in  ex 
press  terms,  the  men  kept  their  places  steadily,  though  it  appeared 
evident  that  there  was  some  mistake  and  that  no  necessity  existed  for 
this  exposure  and  restraint  from  replying.  The  firing  was  furious  and 
apparently  well  directed,  but  the  regiment  stood  fast  until  an  order 
was  received  to  withdraw.  Fortunately  no  loss  had  been  sustained 
which  was  due  to  want  of  steadiness  and  deliberation  on  the  part  of 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  909 

the  enemy.  A  body  of  troops  that  can  hold  a  position,  without 
flinching  or  confusion,  for  the  mere  purpose  of  drawing  fire  and  de 
veloping  the  enemy  or  of  being  in  readiness  to  repel  an  expected 
charge  on  a  battery,  can  be  depended  on  in  the  most  desperate  emer 
gencies.  This  was  the  second  time  during  the  year  which  this  regi 
ment  had  been  subjected  to  the  test ;  but  the  one  at  Tullahoma,  in 
June  preceding,  was  expected,  and  so  had  not  the  elements  of  sur 
prise  and  of  question  as  to  whether  there  was  design  or  simply  mistake. 

On  the  8th,  a  reconnoissance  was  made  toward  Columbia,  which 
caused  the  enemy  to  evacuate  the  place  and  destroy  his  stores.  On 
the  9th  there  was  some  skirmishing  along  the  route  to  Mussel  Shoals, 
where,  at  the  only  fordable  place,  the  Confederates  crossed,  and 
shortly  afterward  passed  to  the  right  of  Bragg's  army,  and  Gen.  Wheeler 
reported.  In  less  than  two  weeks,  he  had  marched  hundreds  of  miles 
around  Rosecrans'  rear,  including  the  route  from  the  Shoals  to  his 
former  position  ;  had  fought  in  Sequatchie  Valley  at  the  outset,  a  far 
superior  force,  first  and  last,  without  derangement  of  preconceived 
plan;  had  captured  McMinnville  ;  had  briskly  skirmished  almost  every 
day  thereafter  ;  and  besides  taking  prisoners,  had  destroyed  wagons 
and  teams,  military  stores,  railroads,  rolling  stock,  and  bridges, 
amounting  in  the  aggregate  to  not  less  than  three  millions  of  dollars. 
Rosecrans'  communications  were  for  the  time  broken  up. 

The  First  Kentucky  was  now  ordered  to  the  right  flank  of  the  Con 
federate  army  and  stationed  along  the  south  bank  of  the  Tennessee, 
where  it  picketed  and  watched  the  movements  of  the  enemy  night  and 
day  until  the  battle  of  Mission  Ridge. 

As  heretofore  noticed,  the  Orphan  Brigade  operated  at  Mission 
Ridge  in  connection  with  Cleburne's  division — three  regiments  being 
moved  from  one  flank  to  the  other,  as  occasion  seemed  to  demand, 
while  the  Ninth  Regiment  was  formed  on  the  right  of  Smith's  Brigade, 
and  extending  to  Liddell,  farther  to  the  right.  (The  Sixth  Kentucky 
was  on  guard  at  Chickamauga  Station.) 

When  the  center  of  Bragg's  line  broke  and  the  retreat  began,  a  part 
of  Cleburne's  division,  Gist's  and  Maney's  brigades,  aided  by  the  Ken 
tucky  Infantry,  covered  the  retreat  in  connection  with  the  First,  Sec 
ond  (Woodward's  regiment),  and  Ninth  Kentucky  Cavalry,  which 
were  designated  by  Gen.  Wheeler  to  constitute  cavalry  flank  and  rear 
of  the  infantry  rearguard.  The  First  Cavalry  was  thus  engaged  in 
fighting  the  pursuing  enemy  from  point  to  point  during  the  26th.  At 
one  time,  when  the  Kentucky  Infantry  turned  to  engage  a  strong  and 
threatening  force  of  Federals,  the  First  Cavalry  formed  on  its  left, 
and  together,  by  nearly  an  hour's  sharp  fighting,  they  arrested  this, 
advance  of  the  enemy. 


^10  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

From  Graysville,  in  the  neighborhood  of  which  place  Cleburne 
bivouacked  that  night,  so  leisurely  had  he  proceeded,  he  moved  next 
morning  to  Ringgold  Gap.  When  he  turned  and  formed  here,  the 
First  Cavalry  was  placed  in  front  of  the  infantry  and  artillery  and 
somewhat  .forward  of  the  gorge — the  little  regiment  constituting  his 
vidette.  Osterhaus'  division  of  Hooker's  corps  had  been  ordered  to 
take  the  lead  through  the  gap.  It  threw  out  a  double  line  of  skirm 
ishers  and  advanced  over  the  open  plain  stretching  northward  from 
Ringgold,  with  colors  flying  and  bands  playing.  They  saw  but  this 
thin  line  of  Kentuckians  .sitting  their  horses  in  grim  silence.  This 
.attitude  was  maintained  until  the  Federal  skirmishers  were  within  easy 
range,  when  they  opened  deliberate  and  effective  fire  with  rifles  and 
revolvers,  and,  as  the  heavy  line  of  infantry  bore  down  upon  them, 
retired  through  the  gap.  They  were  then  dismounted  and  formed  on 
Cleburne's  left  in  time  to  take  part  in  the  action  which  was  so  vigorous 
and  destructive  as  effectually  to  stop  further  pursuit. 

The  regiment  had  maintained  its  morale  during  that  week,  after  the 
long  and  hard  outpost  service  at  Harrison's  Landing;  while  actively 
.engaged  on  the  flank  of  Bragg's  army  and  witnessing  the  disaster 
-which  befell  it;  and  then  playing  an  important  part  in  preventing  utter 
rout  and  confusion.  It  was  now  left  near  the  defile  from  which 
Hooker  had  been  driven  back  upon  the  main  Federal  force,  but  soon 
afterward  went  into  camp  near  Tunnel  Hill,  where  it  resumed  its  al 
most  unremitting  task  of  outpost  and  scout  duty.  This  was  kept  up 
for  a  month,  at  the  end  of  which  time  an  expedition  was  undertaken, 
which  proved  more  or  less  unfortunate  for  all  the  Confederate  troops 
•engaged,  and  particularly  so  for  the  First  Kentucky. 

This  was  in  pursuance  of  a  plan  of  Gen.  Wheeler's  to  attack  and 
break  up  if  possible  a  Federal  outpost  at  Charleston  on  the  Hiwassee 
River.  It  had  been  reported  to  be  a  sort  of  recruiting  station  or  con 
valescent  camp  and  depot  of  supplies  gathered  from  the  surrounding 
country,  as  well  as  transported  by  rail  and  river,  and  held  by  a  gar 
rison  of  no  great  strength. 

He  left  Tunnel  Hill,  Dec.  27,  1863,  with  about  nine  hundred  men. 
We  have  found  it  impossible  to  get  detailed  information  as  to  the  troops 
making  up  this  raiding  force,  the  conduct  of  the  affair,  etc.;  but  it  is 
known  that  the  First  Kentucky  constituted  an  important  part.  All  the 
men  who  had  really  serviceable  horses  were  called  into  requisition — as 
was  usual  when  anything  unusually  hazardous  or  important  was  to  be 
attempted. 

The  first  day's  march  was  made  through  almost  continuous  heavy 
rain  and  over  heavy  roads.  Bivouacking  late  that  night  and  building 
.fires,  it  was  not  till  some  hours  afterward  that  clothes  and  accoutre- 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  911 

ments  were  dried,  arms  cleaned,  and  preparations  made  to  deliver  bat 
tle  next  day. 

The  weather  turned  cold  during  the  night ;  and  before  the  march 
was  resumed  on  the  morning  of  the  28th  the  ground  had  frozen  suffi 
ciently  to  make  travel  slow  and  painful  to  the  horses,  since  the  hard 
crust  was  not  of  such  strength  as  to  support  the  moving  column  but 
broke  under  tread  and  wounded  their  legs. 

At  some  point  after  leaving  Tunnel  Hill  about  one-third  of  the  force 
was  detached  from  the  main  body  and  sent  by  a  different  road,  per 
haps  with  a  view  either  to  assail  a  flank  or  prevent  reinforcements  from 
coming  to  the  succor  of  the  Federal  position  after  direct  attack  should 
be  made.  There  was  therefore,  as  has  been  estimated,  not  exceeding 
six  hundred  men  in  hand  for  the  assault ;  and  it  was  afterward  ascer 
tained  that  a  large  body  of  infantry  and  some  cavalry,  on  their  way 
from  Knoxville  to  Chattanooga,  had  reached  Charleston  the  day  before 
and  were  still  encamped  there.  The  detachment  of  Wheeler's  men 
referred  to  above  had  not  come  within  supporting  distance,  and  some 
time  during  the  28th  the  main  body  reached  the  place  and  the  larger 
part  of  it  made  a  prompt  and  furious  assault. 

The  First  Kentucky  was  held  in  reserve,  under  orders  to  await  de 
velopments.  Dismounting,  the  regiment  took  position  within  rifle 
shot  of  the  advance,  now  hotly  engaged  with  overwhelming  odds.  This 
could  not  be  long  maintained,  and  presently  the  Kentuckians  were 
ordered  to  fallback  upon  their  horses  and  remount;  but  they  could  not 
do  so  in  time  to  be  brought  well  into  action  before  the  advance  was 
being  pressed  back  all  along  the  line  by  the  irresistible  Federal  force. 
They  had  scarcely  mounted,  lined  up  for  battle,  and  begun  firing,  be 
fore  a  part  of  the  Confederate  troops,  somewhat  to  the  left  front,  which 
had  been  stubbornly  falling  back,  fighting  as  it  came,  broke,  and  went 
rapidly  to  the  rear.  The  First  Kentucky,  left  thus  uncovered  and  un 
supported,  was  struck  on  one  flank  by  cavalry,  on  the  other  by  infantry, 
and  only  by  precipitate  retreat  could  escape  capture  or  complete  de 
struction.  Obstacles  in  the  rear  of  their  position  compelled  them  to 
move  obliquely  into  a  wood  ;  but  this  afforded  little  protection,  as  it  was 
already  swarming  with  the  exultant  enemy,  and  there  was  no  safety 
until  they  had  distanced  their  pursuers. 

The  regiment,  although  engaged  for  but  a  brief  time,  lost  in  killed, 
wounded,  and  captured.  (See  History  of  Individuals).  Some  of  the 
prisoners  were  taken  on  the  field,  others  during  the  pursuit  which  the 
Federals  for  awhile  pressed  furiously. 

Altogether  the  expedition  was  wholly  different  in  its  results  from  the 
experiences  to  which  the  men  who  followed  Wheeler  during  those  years 
had  been  accustomed  ;  and  the  year  closed  in  disappointment  and  gloom 


912  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

for  the  Kentuckians  in  his  corps,  especially  for  the  poor  fellows  who 
had  fallen  into  the  enemy's  hands  and  were  doomed,  as  it  proved,  to 
realize  the  horrors  of  a  long  imprisonment,  under  unusually  hard  con 
ditions. 

After  the  failure  of  the  attack  and  the  loss  of  gallant  comrades  who 
could  ill  be  spared,  the  regiment  again  took  up  its  quarters  near  Tunnel 
Hill,  and  resumed  its  well-nigh  unceasing  duties  of  watch  and  ward. 

Some  time  after  the  assignment  of  the  First  Kentucky  to  the  brigade 
commanded  by  Col.  Thomas  Harrison  (October  or  November, 
1863),  elsewhere  noticed,  a  brigade  was  formed  composed  mostly  of 
Kentuckians,  and  placed  under  command  of  Col.  J.  Warren  Grigsby. 
It  embraced  the  First  Kentucky,  Col.  J.  Russell  Butler,  with  staff  and 
other  field  officers  as  previously  given ;  Second  Kentucky  Regiment, 
Col.  Thomas  G.  Woodward;  Ninth  Kentucky,  Col.  William  C.  P. 
Breckinridge;  two  battalions  of  Kentuckians  and  Tennesseeans,  com 
manded  respectively  by  Captains  Kilpatrick  and  Dortsch;  and  a  small 
Tennessee  battalion  commanded  by  Maj.  Shaw.  The  brigade  is  esti 
mated  to  have  numbered  only  about  1,200,  rank  and  file,  a  little  more 
than  a  large  regiment  at  the  beginning  of  the  war.  It  was  a  gallant 
body  of  men,  in  the  main  ably  officered,  inured  to  hardship,  and  most 
of  them  acquainted  with  all  the  vicissitudes  of  war. 

Gen.  Duke,  in  his  History  of  Morgan's  Cavalry,  gives  the  substance 
of  a  description  of  that  winter  of  1863-4  by  one  who  was  conversant 
with  the  experience  of  the  First  Regiment,  as  well  as  others  of  that 
brigade  from  the  time  Wheeler  returned  from  his  Tennessee  raid 
(October,  1863).  Beginning  at  a  period  anterior  to  the  battle  of  Mis 
sion  Ridge,  he  speaks  of  "  The  dreary  days  and  long  cold  nights  of 
that  winter;  the  arduous  duty  of  the  men  shivering  through  the  dark, 
dragging  hours,  with  eyes  fixed  on  the  enemy's  signal  lights,  burning 
on  Walden's  Ridge  and  Lookout  Mountain.  Then  the  Federal  bat 
talions  pouring,  one  night,  across  the  river — the  bright  blaze  and  quick 
crash  of  rifles,  suddenly  breaking  out  along  the  picket  lines.  The 
hurried  saddling  and  rapid  reinforcements ;  the  steady  Federal  ad 
vance  driving  the  Confederate  cavalry  back.  Even  amid  the  snarl  of 
musketry  and  the  roar  of  cannon  could  be  heard  the  splash  of  boats 
plying  from  shore  to  shore.  Couriers  were  sent  with  the  information 
to  army  headquarters,  but,  losing  their  way  in  the  pitch  darkness,  did 
not  report  till  daylight.  Next  day  came  the  grand  Federal  attack  and 
the  unaccountable  stampede  of  the  entire  Confederate  Army  from 
Mission  Ridge — that  army  which  a  few  weeks  before  had  won  the 
great  victory  of  Chickamauga.  When  Bragg  halted  at  Dalton,  this 
brigade  was  again  posted  on  the  front  and  suffered,  hungry,  half-clad, 
(many  barefooted,)  through  that  awful  winter." 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  913 

Despite  all  this,  these  men  never  lost  heart  or  hope.  There  is 
abundant  evidence  that  they  were  cheerful  under  privation ;  unsub 
dued  by  the  shameful  disaster  by  which  at  Mission  Ridge  was  lost  the 
splendid  advantage  of  Chickamauga ;  ready  for  a  frolic  whenever 
opportunity  offered;  and  equally  ready  for  a  fight,  with  or  without 
warning. 

INCIDENTS    AND    ANECDOTES. 

I.  A  Base  Fiction. — In  connection  with  the  retreat  from  Mission 
Ridge  a  thrilling  incident  occurred  which  has  been  noticed  in  the 
biographical  sketch  of  Lieut.  Rudy — the  killing  of  the  scout  or  vidette 
on  the  night  of  November  26th.     It  appears  from  published  reports 
that  when  Davis'  division  of  the  Federal  army  reached  Greysville, 
three  picked  men  were  sent  forward  to  reconnoiter.     Two  of  these  re 
turned  and  reported  that  they  feared  their  comrade  had  been  captured, 
as  a  large  body  of  Confederate  cavalry  had  passed  back  over  the  road, 
and  in  recognition  of  the  daring  of  these  two  survivors  their  officers 
recommended  that  they  be  granted  a  furlough.     Some  days  after  the 
occurrence  above  alluded  to,  Rudy,  having  been  sent  toward  Chatta 
nooga  to  make  a  reconnoisance,  passed  over  the  ground  and  found  that 
the  dead  man  had  been  buried  near  the  spot  where  he  fell.     A  board 
marked  the  grave,  and  on  this  was  inscribed  his  name,  company,  and 
regiment,  with  the  words,  "  Murdered  Nov.  27,  1862.     Shot  while  a 
prisoner."     The  "large  body  of  cavalry"  that  had  passed  back  over 
the  road  was  the  lone  courier,  overcome  by  sleep,  but  keeping  his  sad 
dle  through  mere  force  of  habit;  the  scout  alleged  to  have  been  shot 
while  a  prisoner  was  killed  while  trying  to  take  a  prisoner;  and  the 
brave  fellows  who  had  reported  at  headquarters  had  lied  infinitely 
worse  than  Falstaff  did  about  his  "  Men  in  Buckram." 

In  keeping  with  this  remarkable  fabrication  is  the  report  made  by 
the  officer  commanding  on  the  main  road,  that  he  was  fiercely  assailed 
by  a  strong  force  of  Confederates,  but  bravely  held  his  position.  This 
"strong  force"  was  Co.  A,  Ninth  Kentucky  Cavalry,  sent  by  Col. 
Breckinridge  to  form  on  the  main  road  and  move  out  parallel  with  it 
in  the  direction  in  which  the  Federal  division  was  believed  to  be 
approaching.  It  had  not  advanced  far  before  it  received  a  volley,  but 
it  returned  the  fire  and  kept  it  up  till  the  regiment  had  passed  along 
the  road  southward,  when  it  withdrew  in  good  order. 

II.  How  the  Bugler  Was  Promoted. — It  has  been  told  of  Tom 
Richards,  the  bugler  of  the  First,  who  was  known  as  one  of  the  very 
best  in  the  army,  that  the  men  soon  learned  to  catch  from  the  twang 
of  his  horn,  with  reasonable  certainty,  when  he  sounded  "boots  and 
saddles,"  whether  there  was  a  forage  and  cracker  train,  with  concom 
itant  sutler's  wagon,  in  the  neighborhood,  that  needed  looking  after, 
and  that  supplies  for  man  and  beast  were  to  be  had  by  quick  and  auda 
cious  onslaught ;  or  whether  the  enemy  was  so  near  and  so  numerous 
that  furious  fighting  impended.     As  he  was  thoroughly  reliable  and 
gave  out  no  uncertain  sound,  and  was  withal  a  companionable  gentle 
man,  he  was  much  esteemed,  despite  the  fact  that  his  music  more  fre- 

58 


914  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

quently  meant  mischief  than  bread  and  meat.  He  was  brave  and 
faithful,  and  the  men  gave  him  the  honorary  title  of  captain ;  but  in  the 
sharp  skirmish  at  Smithfield,  Tenn.,  he  was  promoted  for  "gallantry 
in  the  presence  of  the  enemy,"  or  rather  by  gallantry,  etc.  A  com 
rade  addressed  him  after  the  fight  by  his  usual  title,  but  he  rebuked 
him  with  feigned  austerity  and  informed  him  that  he  was  now  a 
major — pointing  at  the  same  time  to  a  spangled  mark  on  each  side  of 
his  collar  where  a  major  wore  his  stars.  A  bullet  had  passed  through 
the  two  ends  of  the  collar,  in  front  of  his  throat  and  his  jugular,  hap 
pily  advancing  him  on  the  honorary  roster  instead  of  killing  him. 
After  the  war  he  was  for  some  years  postmaster  at  Stanford  ;  and 
whether  in  official  or  private  station,  he  has  retained  the  confidence 
and  good  will  of  his  fellow-soldiers. 

III.  Henry  Groan  in  Sequatchie  Valley  and  at  Mission 
Ridge. — A  comrade  who  fought  with  Croan  on  many  fields  related  the 
following:  "About  the  time  Capt.  Jack  Jones  was  killed,  Henry 
Croan,  who  was  riding  by  my  side,  exclaimed  that  he,  too,  was 
wounded.  I  think  he  said  he  was  killed.  I  was  then  trying  to  help 
Capt.  Jones,  and  had  no  time  for  anything  else,  and  did  not  see  him 
again  until  an  hour  or  two  afterward,  when  he  was  very  much  alive. 
'Hello,  Henry,  I  thought  you  told  me  you  were  killed!'  'No,'  he 
said,  laughing,  '  I  wasn't  killed,  only  desperately  wounded.'  '  Well, 
you  are  in  a  better  humor  than  most  desperately  wounded  men.'  '  I 
may  very  well  be/  he  replied,  '  I  was  wounded  in  a  safe  place,'  at  the 
same  time  holding  up  his  heavy  leather  gun-sling,  which  had  saved  his 
life  for  the  time,  the  bullet  having  lost  its  force  in  piercing  it. 

"  On  the  retreat  from  Mission  Ridge,  the  First  Kentucky  was  in  the 
rear,  and  late  in  the  afternoon  of  the  first  day  after  the  battle,  we  had 
a  very  sharp  fight,  during  which  my  horse  was  shot.  At  the  same  time 
I  heard  an  exclamation  from  Henry,  and  asked  him  what  the  matter 
was.  '  They  have  got  the  general  at  last,'  he  said.  (His  camp  nick 
name  was  '  general.')  I  knew  that  he  was  wounded,  perhaps  mor 
tally.  The  fighting  was  brisk,  and  I  lost  sight  of  him,  and  supposed 
he  had  died  when  struck.  To  the  great  surprise  of  the  company,  he 
rode  merrily  into  camp  next  morning,  jauntily  remarking  that  he  had 
as  good  a  thing  as  he  wanted — a  Yankee  bullet  had  given  him  a  fur 
lough  for  the  winter.  He  had  a  seemingly  slight  wound  on  the  right 
shin,  which  sent  him  to  the  hospital  for  treatment.  In  three  weeks 
word  came  that  the  gallant  soldier  had  been  granted  an  eternal  fur 
lough,  and  that  our  camp  would  never  again  be  enlivened  by  his  good- 
natured  presence.  The  little  scratch  had  killed  him.  He  was  a  good 
soldier,  a  descendant  of  the  gallant  Croghan  family  known  in  the  early 
history  of  Kentucky,  and  was  mourned  by  the  entire  command." 

IV.  Attention  There,  Yank — Unlimber  ! — ''Just  before  the 
battle  of  Mission  Ridge,"  says  a  member  of  the  First  Kentucky,  "  I 
was  sent  with  about  a  dozen  men  to  picket  the  Tennessee  at  a  point 
where  it  was  quite  narrow.  Despite  orders  to  the  contrary,  our  men 
and  the  Federals  frequently  had  amusing  conversations  across  the 
stream.  One  day  I  heard  a  great  sounding  of  bugles  and  beating  of 
drums  on  their  side,  and  was  much  astonished  to  see  a  splendid  battery 
brought  into  position  and  unlimbered,  the  guns  bearing  directly  on  my 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  915 

little  camp.  I  did  not  know  what  to  make  of  it,  and  had  half  a  mind 
to  inquire  of  our  friends,  the  enemy,  why  they  were  about  to  pay  us 
the  distinguished  honor  of  an  artillery  salute.  I  had  been  attacked 
and  run  in,  in  the  orthodox  way,  several  times,  but  had  never  before 
had  a  full  battery  brought  to  bear  upon  my  squad.  Calling  upon  the 
men  to  fall  in,  in  order  to  give  the  folks  over  the  way  the  best  we  had, 
I  found  two  of  them  missing,  and,  looking  about  for  them,  quickly 
discovered  the  occasion  of  the  trepidation  in  the  Federal  camp.  The 
two  rascals  had  gone  to  the  summit  of  an  eminence  overlooking  our 
post,  and  some  hundreds  of  yards  away,  where,  finding  the  axle  and 
wheels  of  an  abandoned  cart,  they  had  mounted  thereon  a  log  of 
wood.  This  Quaker  gun  was  trained  full  upon  the  camp  of  the  enemy. 
Recognizing  the  trick  that  had  been  played,  I  sent  a  man  to  dismount 
that  'cannon.'  This  he  did  in  full  view  of  the  hostile  battery,  and  as 
he  tumbled  off  the  log-gun  our  derisive  laughter  and  cheers  sent  the 
Federal  artillery  back  into  camp,  while  those  of  their  infantry  were 
mingled  with  our  own. 

"  Later  in  the  day  one  of  them  came  down  to  the  river  and  called 
out:  'Say,  Johnnie,  we  are  coming  over  to  see  you  to-morrow.' 
'All  right;  come  on ;  we'll  have  something  warm  for  you  when  you 
get  here.'  Perhaps  that  Federal  soldier  builded  better  than  he  knew, 
for,  as  a  matter  of  fact,  in  less  than  an  hour  an  order  came  to  me  to 
leave  one  man  on  duty  at  the  river  and  with  the  rest  join  my  com 
mand  immediately.  This  I  did;  and  the  next  day  my  Federal  friend's 
prediction  came  true.  They  did  come  over  to  see  us,  and  we  did 
have  something  warm  for  them  :  it  was  upon  that  day  that  the  battle 
of  Mission  Ridge  was  fought." 

V.  How  Capt.  Beckley's  Negro  Body  Servant  Came  to 
Be  a  Valiant  Knight. — Anderson  (Capt.  George  Beckley's  colored 
cook)  was  a  Tennessee  negro  who  took  to  soldiering  as  a  duck  to 
water.  He  was  a  good  boy  and  a  general  favorite  with  the  men.  Be 
longing  to  a  fighting  regiment,  he  concluded  that  it  was  also  his  duty 
to  fight,  and  when  he  broached  the  subject  the  members  of  the  com 
pany  encouraged  him  and  set  about  arranging  his  outfit.  The  "  man 
and  brother"  was  soon  armed  and  placed  upon  a  strictly  war  footing. 
He  was  mounted  on  a  calico  pony  and  presented  quite  a  striking  ap 
pearance. 

An  ancient  pair  of  horse  pistols  and  holsters  were  on  his  saddle, 
while  from  his  side  dangled  and  clanked  an  egregiously  long  sabre 
that  had  been  captured  from  the  enemy.  The  regiment,  fighting  as  a 
rule,  dismounted,  carried  no  sabres,  and  Anderson  felt  that  the  addi 
tion  of  this  weapon  raised  him  almost  to  the  dignity  of  an  officer.  He 
was  very  proud  of  his  position,  and,  encouraged  by  the  men,  prom 
ised  to  do  great  execution  in  the  next  engagement.  This  soon  came, 
and  had  scarcely  begun  when  a  meteor  was  observed  shooting  along  a 
Tennessee  turnpike,  in  the  shape  of  a  piebald  pony  ridden  by  a  de 
moralized  negro  towards  the  rear.  Three  days  later  Anderson  rode 
into  camp  wearing  an  air  of  injury  and  indignation.  He  said  it  was 
the  pony  that  failed  him  ;  his  own  heart  was  stout  and  he  was  fully 
determined  to  kill  many  Yankees  when  the  firing  began  ;  but  the  pony 
was  a  coward  and  had  run  at  the  first  fire,  nor  had  he  been  able  to 


916  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

stop  him  until  they  reached  Manchester,  twelve  miles  away.  He 
contended  that  the  pony's  cowardice  came  of  having  white  spots  on 
his  bay  sides,  and  that  he  was  really  unfitted  for  anything  but  playing 
"calico  hoss  "  in  a  circus.  Anderson  had  lost  his  horse-pistols  and 
sabre,  and  never  afterward  asked  to  be  armed  and  equipped  or  to  join 
us  in  the  extermination  of  our  enemies.  He  was  a  wise  "nigger" 
and  knew  when  he  had  enough. — Member  of  Co.  B. 

VI.  Cole  Basye's  Chill  Stuff. — As  was  the  case  with  some  of 
their  fellow  Orphans  of  the  infantry,  the  men  of  the  First  Cavalry  oc 
casionally  concluded  that  they  were  not  proof  against  malarious  in 
fluences,  and  were  inclined  to  regard  whisky  as  a  fair  specific.     One 
day  Coleman  Basye,  of  Co.  B,  was  sick  and  represented  to  a  trusted 
messmate  that  miasmatic  poison  was  about  to  undo  him;  that  he  had 
prescribed  for  himself  a  quart  of  whisky — if  the  messmate  could  only 
get  it.     The  latter,  moved,  of  course,  by  compassion,    "  went  to  the 
country,"  as  soldiers   said  when  they  left  camp,   and  was   fortunate 
enough  to  find  the  medicine.     By  the  time  he  got  back  both  were  ill 
and  both  partook  of  the  prescription  in  proportion  to  their  dangerous 
symptoms,  after  which  Basye  hid  the  bottle,  to  continue  the  treatment 
next  day.     On  the  following  morning  the  trusted  chum  felt  himself 
growing  worse,  and  so  represented  to  Basye,  in  hopes  that  he  would 
promptly  administer  the  antidote;  but  he  went  off  without  appearing 
to  understand,  and  the  sick  man  concluded  to  help  himself;  he  had 
noted  where  the  bottle  was  buried.   He  squared  himself  to  take  hastily 
a  rousing  dram,  and  took  it  before  he  realized  that  Basye  had  fairly 
thickened  it  with  quinine,  probably  with  a  view  to  discouraging  other 
men  who  might  suddenly  fall  sick,  and  of  taking  it  himself  by  the 
spoonful.   Neither  thought  proper  to  mention  to  the  other  the  respective 
parts  they  had  played  with  that  bottle  until  after  the  war,  when  they 
could  discuss  the  matter  over  a  glass  of  soda-water. 

VII.  A  "  Poor  Rebel  "  in  Extremity. — Once  in  North  Georgia 
the  First  Kentucky  encamped  late  in  an  afternoon  on  a  woody  hill 
side,  and  as  there  was  a  prospect  of  rain  some  of  the  men  improvised 
shelter,  using  as  covers  the  rubber  cloths  which  from  time  to  time  they 
had  borrowed  from  the  Federal  soldiers.     One  mess  pitched  its  "  she 
bang,"  as  they  called  it,  unfortunately.     A  heavy  rain  fell  during  the 
night,  and  the  water,  gathering  from  the  top  of  the  hill,  had  acquired 
considerable  volume  before  it  reached  them,    and  quickly  filling  the 
slight  ditch  on  that  side,  leaped  over  on  the  men  in  such  quantity  that 
they  were   instantly  wet   to  the  skin.      Clothing,  blankets,  rations — 
everything  was  saturated.     Thus  suddenly  aroused  and  not  apprehend 
ing  at  the  moment  the  cause  of  the  trouble,  one  of  the  men  thought 
destruction  was  impending,  and  broke  out  vehemently  in  prayer  :   "  O, 
Lord !  if  you  are  ever  going  to  have  mercy  on  a  poor  rebel,  please  to 
have  it  now  !     I  didn't  come  down  here  to  be  drowned,  but  to  kill 
Yankees;  and  please,  Lord,  don't  let  us  have  another  flood!"     The 
rest  were  not  too  much  scared  to  note  and  keep  in  mind  this  impromptu 
petition;  it  struck  them  forcibly  as  being  the  only  time  the   "poor 
rebel "  had  ever  prayed — at  least  audibly. 

VIII.  The  Improvised  Chevrons. — There  were  times  (and  no 
few  of  them),  when  whole  bodies  of  Confederate  troops  were  fearfully 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  917 

and  wonderfully  clothed, — anything  had  to  answer  that  was  not  blue 
enough  to  expose  the  wearers  to  the  danger  of  being  mistaken  for  Fed 
eral  soldiers.  Inspection  orders  that  took  into  account  the  kind  and 
condition  of  a  man's  uniform  were  often  to  that  extent  a  hollow  mock 
ery.  If  he  could  cover  his  nakedness  and  show  a  clean  gun  and  ac 
coutrements,  he  was  regarded  by  sensible  officers  as  meeting  the 
demand;  but  sometimes  the  ways  of  the  martinet  took  precedence  of 
common  sense.  While  the  First  Kentucky  was  at  Harrison,  Tenn. , 
on  outguard,  after  Wheeler's  hard  campaign  around  Rosecrans'  rear, 
an  inspection  was  ordered,  and  one  requirement  was  that  every  non 
commissioned  officer  should  display  his  chevrons,  under  penalty  of 
being  reduced  to  the  ranks.  This,  to  many,  was  a  poser,  as  insignia 
of  rank,  whether  commissioned  or  non-commissioned,  had  been  at  a 
discount,  and  the  time  was  short;  but  there  was  hurrying  and  scurry 
ing  among  the  sergeants  and  corporals,  most  of  whom  cared  little  for 
the  rank  but  did  not  wish  to  be  degraded.  On  the  morning  of  inspec 
tion  day,  however,  one  sergeant  hadn't  succeeded  in  getting  the 
sleeves  of  his  jacket  properly  barred,  and  was  laughed  at  as  a  man 
who  would  soon  be  a  private ;  but  when  his  company  was  ordered  into 
line  he  appeared  with  a  serious  face,  and  eyes  to  the  front,  with  a 
beautiful  and  symmetrical  set  of  chevrons  marked  on  his  gray  sleeves 
with  a  bit  of  charcoal.  The  inspector  was  a  dapper  little  fellow  who 
seemed  to  have  stepped  out  of  a  military  fashion  plate ;  and  the  bars 
on  his  collar  apparently  made  him  as  sternly  dignified  as  a  wooden 
Indian.  Reaching  this  sergeant,  however,  he  gazed  a  moment  upon 
the  extemporized  insignia  and  broke  into  a  laugh.  His  dignity  was 
not  proof  against  this,  though  the  sergeant  solemnly  maintained  his 
own ;  and  the  inspection  was  practically  at  an  end ;  but  nobody  was 
reduced  to  the  ranks. 

IX.  Death  of   Capt.  Jack  Jones:  A  Soldier's  Tribute.— 

( >n  the  retreating  fight  (after  burning  the  train  in  Sequatchie  Valley), 
I  rode  by  the  side  of  Capt.  Jones  and  saw  him  receive  his  fatal  wound. 
I  le  fell  slightly  forward,  as  I  caught  him  in  my  arms,  exclaiming, 
'•  Don't  let  me  fall!  I  cannot  see!"  At  this  moment  the  man  on  my 
oiher  side  was  wounded.  I  assisted  Capt.  Jones  from  the  field  and 
surrendered  him  to  his  beloved  friend,  Sergt.  Cicero  Harris.  I  looked 
then  upon  his  face  for  the  last  time,  as  he  died  soon  after  falling  into 
the  hands  of  the  enemy.  He  was  a  gallant  young  soldier,  ambitious, 
p-  oud  of  the  service,  and  of  the  men  who  had  chosen  him  to  command 
them.  He  was  a  native  of  Jefferson  County,  and  when  the  war  broke 
o.it  he  was  practicing  law  in  Louisville,  having  served  one  term  as 
County  Attorney.  He  was  a  favorite  with  the  regiment  and  with  Gen. 
Wheeler,  and  would  doubtless  have  won  high  rank  had  he  not  met  his 
fare  so  soon. — Member  of  Co.  B. 

X.  John  Vincent  at  the  Charleston  Fight. — A  member  of  the 
First  Kentucky  who  was  captured  at  Charleston  in  the  affair  of  Dec. 
28,  1863,  tells  this  of  a  comrade:   "  While  we  were  lying  in  reserve 
(and  lying  low),  the  bullets  flew  about  us,  but  they  were  mostly  flying 
hi;_;h.     John  Vincent,  a  brave  boy  soldier,  brother  to  Lieut.  Joe  Vin 
cent,  was  a  joker;  and  when  an  especially  vicious  ball  would  pass  us 
John  would  remark,  '  Boys,  that  one  had  a  bundle  of  fodder  tied  to  its 


918  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

tail ; '  or,  if  the  sound  indicated  that  it  was  flying  low  and  rather  more 
lazily,  '  That  one  was  blindfolded.' 

"About  a  dozen  men  of  the  First  were  captured — among  them  the 
youthful  joker,  who  was  taken  after  the  retreat  was  ordered.  When  he 
was  brought  back  to  where  I  was,  I  greeted  him  with  a  sickly  attempt 
to  be  cheerful,  saying,  '  Hello,  John,  they  have  you,  too.'  He  was 
somewhat  subdued,  but  he  answered,  '  Yes ;  but  if  they  hadn't  shot 
old  Hardee  I  would  have  been  running  yet,  and  they  never  would 
have  got  me.'  Hardee  was  his  horse,  whom  he  had  named  after  the 
general. 

"Poor  John!  He  remained  many  weary  months  in  prison,  then 
went  back  South  with  the  rest  of  us  to  resume  his  duties ;  but  it  was 
not  long  before  he  laid  down  his  arms  forever  (May  10,  1865),  with 
thirteen  other  survivors  of  Co.  B,  and  came  home  to  loved  ones.  Soon 
he  surrendered  again,  this  time  to  the  Great  Conqueror;  and  the 
bright,  jolly,  fearless  soldier-boy  sleeps  in  peace  among  his  own  peo 
ple." 

XI.  True  to  Their  Colors  :  A  Roll  of  Honor. — As  indicated 
in  the  preceding  chapter,  the  First  Kentucky  was  peculiarly  unfor 
tunate  in  the  fight  at  Charleston.  Frank  Standiford,  of  Co.  D,  was 
killed,  some  were  wounded,  and  fifteen  were  captured.  The  prison 
ers  were  S.  H.  Mobberly,  David  Harrison,  and  J.  W.  Moseley,  of 
Co.  A;  E.  Polk  Johnson,  John  Vincent,  and  John  P.  Winchester,  of 
Co.  B;  W.  H.  Conder  ("Chip"),  Samuel  Z.  Herndon,  and  Lyman 
Suter,  of  Co.  C;  Lieut.  Barney  Logsdon,  C.  R.  Grafton,  John  R. 
Barber,  and  E.  D.  Merrifield,  of  Co.  D,  and  George  T.  Delaney,  of 
Co.  G. 

They  were  carried  to  Loudon  on  the  Little  Tennessee,  about  thirty 
miles  distant,  where,  on  the  ever-to-be-remembered  "  cold  New  Year," 
Jan.  i,  1864,  they  were  put  on  board  an  open  boat,  without  fire,  to 
make  the  trip  to  Chattanooga.  The  intense  cold  was  more  bitterly  felt 
from  the  circumstances  that  a  few  previous  days  had  been  warm  and 
for  part  of  the  time  somewhat  damp,  so  that  there  was  a  degree  of 
physical  enervation  and  unusual  susceptibility.  Poorly  clad,  fireless, 
without  even  a  place  where  they  could  screen  themselves  from  the 
wind,  their  sufferings  were  almost  intolerable.  To  add  to  the  misery 
of  at  least  two  of  them,  Johnson  had  been  badly  hurt  by  the  fall  of 
his  horse,  and  S.  H.  Mobberly  had  been  wounded  by  a  shot.  A  Ten- 
nesseean,  named  Bean,  froze  to  death  on  the  night  of  the  ist  and  was 
rudely  buried  next  morning  on  shore.  Some  of  the  Kentuckians  were 
frost-bitten,  but  after  a  slow  passage  the  boat,  with  its  wretched  pas 
sengers,  reached  Chattanooga.  They  were  marched  to  the  provost's 
prison,  an  old  warehouse,  dirty,  infested  with  vermin,  without  means 
of  being  heated,  and  occupied  by  a  lot  of  the  riff-raff  of  the  Federal 
army,  under  arrest  for  almost  every  conceivable  violation  of  law — a 
set  of  wretches  who  did  what  they  could  to  add  to  the  horrors  of  the 
situation  in  which  the  Confederates  found  themselves.  Not  long  after 
their  arrival  the  Kentuckians  were  mustered  separately  in  one  of  the 
lower  rooms.  After  forming  and  dressing  line  at  the  command  of  a 
Federal  officer,  they  were  told  that  they  would  be  released  and  fur 
nished  transportation  home  on  taking  the  oath  of  allegiance  to  the 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  919 

Federal  Government.  Those  willing  to  accept  the  terms  were  to  ad 
vance  three  paces  to  the  front.  Not  a  man  stirred  from  his  place. 
The  officer  waited  for  a  sign  of  wavering,  but  the  little  line  was  as 
steadfast  as  though  an  enemy  were  before  them  upon  which  they  ex 
pected  to  spring  at  a  word.  When  he  (apparently  a  gallant  and  sol 
dierly  man)  found  that  this  offer  of  release,  of  quick  return  to  loved 
ones  at  home,  of  escape  from  prison  horrors — cold,  hunger,  heart- 
sickness,  bodily  disease — was  silently  but  sternly  scorned,  he  expressed 
his  admiration  of  their  honor  and  their  pluck.  To  those  who  study 
the  significance  of  individual  conduct,  history  has  few  better  things  to 
show  than  this.  These  Kentuckians  were  yet  but  boys — most  of  them 
less  than  twenty  years  old — too  young  to  have  given  much  thought  to 
forming  character  on  classic  models.  With  the  story  of  Curius,  re 
jecting  the  gold  of  the  Samnites,  who  would  have  bought  his  alle 
giance  ;  of  Fabricus  scorning  the  purchase  money  of  the  crafty  king 
and  looking  unblanched  upon  an  unusual  danger;  of  Regulus,  keep 
ing  his  word  of  honor  and  going  back  to  Carthage,  though  he  knew  it 
meant  torture  and  death, — with  the  blood-stirring  story  of  these  men, 
whose  fame  will  last  through  time,  perhaps  no  one  of  them  had  yet 
familiarized  himself;  but  their  conduct  was  of  like  heroic  nature  and 
reflects  honor  upon  their  names,  their  regiment,  and  their  native  State. 
They  were  then  suffering  misery  enough  to  break  the  spirit  of  weak 
men,  and  the  temptation  to  get  away  from  it,  to  fly  to  home  and  kin 
dred  and  comfort,  was  powerful.  Character  is  not  a  thing  of  books, 
how  much  soever  these  may  modify  it,  but  the  influence  of  family  and 
community  atmosphere  acting  upon  strong  inherited  tendencies. 

XII.   Even  Prison  Horrors  Could  Not  Subdue  Them.— The 

Iventuckians  above  alluded  to  were  conveyed  to  Rock  Island,  111.,  and 
confined  there  for  about  fourteen  months.  The  following  extract  is 
from  a  deeply  interesting  account  of  their  prison  experience,  afterward 
\vritten  by  one  of  their  number ;  and  it  fully  confirms  all  that  has  been 
>aid  of  their  splendid  conduct  at  Chattanooga,  while  it  furnishes  ad 
ditional  evidence  that  they  were  made  of  that  stern  stuff  which  is  proof 
against  pain,  and  unyielding  under  strong  temptation,  when  honor  is 
at  stake: 

"I  think  there  were  about  12,000  of  us  imprisoned  there  at  one  time 
or  another.  Soon  after  we  reached  the  place,  in  January,  1864,  small 
pox  broke  out  among  us,  and  many  died;  some  in  the  barracks,  as  the 
hospital  accommodations  were  inadequate  in  the  time  of  infection. 
Prison  life,  at  best,  is  drearily  monotonous,  and  especially  does  it 
effect  men,  used  to  the  active  life  of  a  soldier.  Add  to  this  monotony 
the  horrors  of  so  loathsome  and  deadly  disease  as  small-pox,  and  one 
has  new  light  upon  the  meaning  of  Dante's  Inferno.  When  this  disease 
had  worn  itself  out,  after  destroying  many  of  our  comrades,  we  were 
forced  to  meet  another  and  unpleasant  complication:  our  rations, 
which  had  hitherto  been  sufficient,  was  suddenly  reduced  to  the  lowest 
limit  adequate  to  sustaining  life;  those  few  of  us  who  had  money  were 
denied  the  privilege  of  buying  food  from  outside  the  prison,  and  our 
condition  was  rendered  about  as  disagreeable  as  it  was  possible  to  make 
it.  We  heard,  but  had  no  means  of  verifying  the  rumor,  that  the  new 
conditions  were  the  result  of  a  retaliatory  measure  adopted  by  the 


920  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

United  States  Government,  because  of  alleged  ill-treatment  of  Federal 
prisoners  in  the  South.  It  mattered  little  to  us  what  the  causes  were ; 
we  were  more  interested  in  the  fact  that  confronted  us.  We  were 
hungry,  there  was  no  disputing  that;  and  we  remained  hungry  as  long 
as  we  were  in  the  prison.  It  is  still  a  common  remark  among  the  sur 
vivors  of  these  days  that  '  we  never  knew  what  it  was  not  to  be  hun 
gry  during  the  last  year  we  remained  in  Rock  Island/  and  I  can  feel 
ingly  subscribe  to  the  truthfulness  of  the  statement  so  far  as  I  am  per 
sonally  concerned. 

' '  About  the  time  when  this  hungry  feeling  had  become  thoroughly 
established,  the  United  States  Government,  through  its  representatives 
at  Rock  Island,  made  us  a  proposition  which  meant  comparative  com 
fort,  freedom  from  prison  life,  and  full  stomachs.  In  return  for  these 
pleasures  and  comforts  so  generously  offered  us,  we  were  merely  in 
vited  to  desert  our  flag,  our  comrades  and  our  country,  and  enlist  in 
the  United  States  army.  We  were  promised  that  for  each  year  of  our 
enlistment  we  should  receive  at  once,  the  sum  of  $100  bounty  money; 
that  we  should  not  be  required  to  meet  our  former  Confederate  com 
rades  in  battle,  but  should  be  sent  to  the  frontier  to  keep  the  peace 
among  the  Indian  tribes  whom  alone  we  would  be  required  to  meet  in 
battle.  A  good  many  men  accepted  these  terms — weak  fellows  who 
had  not  in  them  the  stuff  of  which  true  soldiers  are  made.  With  them 
went  the  soldiers  of  fortune,  the  Dugald  Ualghettys,  who,  too  restless 
to  endure  confinement,  and  little  interested  in  the  flag  they  followed, 
were  glad  enough  to  exchange  their  unpleasant  surroundings  for  the 
larger  freedom  of  the  great  West,  even  at  the  risk  of  adding  their 
scalps  to  the  collection  of  some  enterprising  Sioux  or  Comanche  war 
rior. 

"Those  were  very  shrewd  Yankees  who  had  us  in  charge;  they 
knew  the  influence  of  a  good  dinner  upon  the  best  fed  men ;  and  from 
this  knowledge  calculated  how  best  to  appeal  to  a  hungry  one.  Each 
morning  a  large  wagon,  filled  to  the  top  with  every  delicacy  of  an  over 
flowing  market,  was  driven  slowly  through  the  prison  yard,  stopping 
now  and  then  to  let  its  beauties  and  charms  impress  themselves  fully 
upon  us.  This  done,  the  team  moved  slowly  towards  the  barracks 
near  by  in  which  were  the  new  recruits  who  were  separated  from  us 
by  a  high  fence  and  an  intangible  wall  stronger  and  harder  than  ada 
mant — a  wall  which  they  had  builded  for  themselves  when  they  went 
over  on  the  other  side.  I  have  seen  poor  hungry  boys,  gaunt  and 
hollow-cheeked,  follow  this  wagon  with  longing  eyes  to  the  gate, 
reaching  which,  unable  longer  to  control  themselves,  they  took  the 
last  step,  made  the  fatal  plunge  into  the  pool  of  oblivion,  and  sold 
themselves  and  their  souls  for  a  morsel  of  food.  God  pity  them  and 
forgive  them  even  as  I,  once  their  comrade,  pity  and  forgive  those 
helpless  young  boys  who  knew  not  what  they  did  !  For  the  men  who  de 
serted,  the  strong  men  who  should  have  suffered  and  remained  strong, 
I  have  now  as  then  nothing  but  contempt. 

"  In  the  afternoon  the  same  programme  would  be  carried  out,  and 
three  times  each  day — at  the  two  roll-calls  and  at  inspection — we  were 
offered  an  opportunity  to  forswear  ourselves,  and  this  went  on  for 
weeks  and  until  there  were  none  left  to  listen  to  the  tempter's  voice. 
I  do  not  recall  even  one  Kentuckian  who  accepted  the  proffered 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  921 

terms;  there  may  have  been  a  few  who  did;  if  so,  I  never  heard  of 
them.  Of  one  thing  I  am  absolutely  certain,  and  that  is  that  no  mem 
ber  of  the  First  Kentucky  enlisted  in  the  Federal  army  to  fight  Indians 
or  any  one  else,  nor  do  I  believe  that  any  of  them  ever,  for  one  mo 
ment,  contemplated  doing  such  a  thing.  They  had  the  honor  of  their 
country,  their  flag,  their  State,  their  families,  and  themselves  at  stake, 
and  upheld  it  there  amid  the  gloom  of  a  prison  even  as  they  had  done 
it  upon  hundreds  of  the  battlefields  of  the  South.  Dear,  gallant  boys ; 
young  in  years ;  old  in  experience ;  full-grown  in  suffering  and  in 
honor, — they  refused  to  listen  to  the  voice  of  the  tempter  and  remained 
steadfast  to  the  bitter  end.  God  bless  them  and  keep  them  wherever 
they  may  be  to-day." 

XIII.  A  Bit  of  Personal  Experience. — From  the  recollections 
of  a  member  of  the  First  Kentucky,  we  quote  the  following  account 
of  circumstances  in  connection  with  the  Charleston  fight : 

"It  was  Christmas  week  of  1863,  and  the  First  Kentucky  was  on 
outpost  duty  at  Tunnel  Hill,  Ga.  I  had  been  invited  to  dinner  with 
the  Lieut. -Colonel  commanding.  (What  would  be  thought  of  a 
lieutenant-colonel  in  the  regular  service  who  should  invite  a  mere  non 
commissioned  officer  to  dine  with  him  ?)  Tom  Richards,  our  bugler, 
had  found  an  old  partridge  net,  and  by  skillful  use  had  caught  a  covey 
of  birds,  and  these  we  were  to  have  for  our  dinner.  That  morning, 
for  the  first  time,  whiskey,  in  homeopathic  doses,  had  been  issued  to 
the  regiment.  One  of  my  mess  was  just  then  undergoing  a  spasm  of 
temperance  and  gave  me  his  share.  I  took  mine  before  I  did  my 
frugal  breakfast,  and,  though  it  was  cold  and  snowy,  I  went  to  a  brook 
and  enjoyed  the  luxury  of  a  bath.  Putting  on  a  new  uniform  of  which 
I  was  then  the  proud  possessor,  and  drinking  my  comrade's  gift  to 
keep  out  the  cold,  I  was  ready  for  that  dinner.  No  one  but  a  soldier 
can  understand  how  we  enjoyed  that  splendid  meal.  It  proved  to  be 
the  last  memorable  one  I  was  to  have  for  many  a  weary  month. 

"  On  the  afternoon  of  that  day  I  quitted  the  Lieut.-ColonePs  quar 
ters  to  take  charge  of  a  squad  and  picket  two  roads  on  the  outpost.  On 
the  morning  of  the  26th,  I  was  astonished  at  being  relieved  by  an 
officer  from  another  regiment  and  ordered  to  report  with  my  men  at 
regimental  headquarters.  Here  I  learned  that  a  raid  had  been  planned  ; 
Gen.  Wheeler  was  going  into  the  enemy's  lines,  and,  as  usual,  the 
First  Kentucky  was  in  demand.  Soon  the  regiment  was  marched  up 
to  Tunnel  Hill,  where  an  aide  rode  along  the  line  and  directed  that 
men  who  were  ill  or  otherwise  unfit  for  duty,  or  whose  horses  were 
unequal  to  a  hard  march,  must  fall  out  and  return  to  camp.  My  horse 
was  suffering  from  a  wound,  but  I  was  imprudent  enough  to  want  to 
go,  and  I  paid  well  for  it  afterward.  On  request,  the  officer  com 
manding  my  company  permitted  me  to  remain  in  the  ranks  and  I 
started  on  a  march  northward,  which  it  took  me  nearly  fifteen  months 
to  complete. 

"  All  that  day  it  poured  down  rain,  as  it  can  rain  only  in  the  South, 
and  it  was  far  into  the  night  (December  27th),  perhaps  10  o'clock, 
before  we  went  into  camp.  Then,  around  heaping  rail  fires,  we  dried 
our  clothes,  took  apart  and  cleaned  our  guns,  looked  to  our  pistols, 
and  finally,  past  midnight,  began  to  seek  for  rest  and  sleep.  The  rain 


922  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

had  ceased  and  the  night  grew  very  cold.  By  early  morning,  when 
the  march  was  resumed,  the  muddy  roads  of  the  preceding  day  were 
frozen,  and  our  poor  horses  suffered  intensely,  breaking  through  the 
frozen  crust  to  the  mud  beneath,  cutting  their  ankles  and  legs  and 
seriously  retarding  our  progress.  The  rank  and  file  had  no  idea  where 
we  were  going,  but  felt  it  in  the  air  that  there  was  a  wagon  train  ahead 
of  us.  As  we  plodded  wearily  along  a  horseman  rode  rapidly  down 
the  column  and  presently  Capt.  Wm.  O.  Butler,  a  younger  brother  of 
our  Col.  J.  Russell  Butler,  dashed  by  calling  out:  'Close,  up,  boys; 
close  up;  we  are  onto  them! '  So  we  were,  and  it  wasn't  long  before 
they  were  onto  us.  Of  the  900  men  of  various  regiments  which  set 
out  from  Tunnel  Hill,  300  had  been  sent  off  on  a  side  road,  so  there 
were  only  about  600  of  us  engaged.  As  we  approached  Charleston  the 
sharp  rattle  of  guns  showed  that  we  had  found  the  people  we  had  rid 
den  so  far  to  meet. 

"  Our  men  were  quickly  dismounted  and  sent  in,  those  of  the  First 
Kentucky  being  held  as  reserve.  Soon  the  wounded  began  to  come 
out  of  the  pines  and  cedars  in  front  of  us.  Over  to  our  left  we  saw 
some  gallant  fellows  slowly  falling  back,  firing  as  they  went,  keeping 
their  faces  to  the  enemy  but  still  going  back.  Things  began  to  look 
blue;  the  firing  was  very  heavy;  and  we  were  ordered  to  mount. 
Scarcely  had  this  been  done  and  the  line  dressed  before  the  bullets 
began  to  snap  and  crack  among  the  trees  just  in  front  of  us,  and  in  a 
moment  we  were  engaged.  Only  a  few  volleys  had  been  fired  when 
the  men  on  our  left  front  (of  other  regiments)  fell  back  hurriedly,  and 
just  as  an  order  was  given  us  to  withdraw,  a  column  of  cavalry  came 
upon  what  had  been  our  left,  a  body  of  infantry  struck  us  full  in  front, 
another  body  of  infantry  flanked  us  on  the  right,  and  then  and  there, 
for  the  first  and  last  time  I  had  the  mortification  of  seeing  the  First 
Kentucky  beaten.  I  was  captured,  being  held  fast  by  my  horse,  which 
had  been  shot  under  me,  and  I  learned  from  my  captors  that  our  little 
body  of  six  hundred  had  attacked  4,500  infantry  and  a  heavy  force  of 
cavalry  and  artillery.  It  was  the  first  time  Gen.  Wheeler  'had  ever 
gone  after  a  wagon  train  and  failed  to  get  it." 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  923 


CHAPTER   IV. 
1864. 

For  some  time  after  Bragg's  army  went  into  winter  quarters  at  Dai- 
ton  and  Tunnel  Hill  there  were  indications  that  the  day  was  approach 
ing  when  starvation  might  accomplish  what  had  so  far  baffled  the  skill 
of  Federal  generals,  with  unlimited  numbers  of  soldiers  and  unfailing 
means  at  their  disposal.  It  is  almost  inconceivable  how  men,  even 
comparatively  inactive,  lived  and  kept  heart  with  their  small  food  sup 
ply,  and  that,  in  general,  of  poor  quality.  Anything  like  that  variety 
which  is  held  to  be  essential  to  health  and  vigor  was  out  of  the  ques 
tion,  while  coffee  and  tea  were  things  remembered  as  of  the  long  ago. 

On  the  igth  of  January,  1864,  a  deserter  from  Grigsby's  brigade 
gave  Gen.  Thomas,  at  Nashville,  a  sorry  account  of  the  condition  of 
things  at  Tunnel  Hill.  He  made  it  appear  that  he  had  been  employed 
in  the  commissary  department,  and  dwelt  at  some  length  upon  the 
alleged  fact  that  hunger  was  likely  to  prove  a  great  factor  in  subduing 
the  glorious  souls  who  seemed  at  that  time  as  full  of  fight  and  as 
sternly  devoted  to  what  they  deemed  duty  as  they  were  in  1861 .  Dur 
ing  nearly  two  months  which  had  elapsed  since  the  battle  of  Mission 
Ridge,  he  said,  Grigby's  brigade  had  had  bacon  twice,  and  during  the 
last  three  weeks  there  had  been  two  issues  of  flour.  When  the  men 
fared  most  sumptuously  the  daily  ration  was  one  and  a  quarter  pound 
of  corn  meal  (and  we  who  still  live  recall  that  it  was  blessed  good 
meal  we  got — made  of  corn  out  of  which  weevil  had  eaten  the  heart) ; 
one-third  pound  of  bacon,  or  three-fourths  pound  of  beef;  less  than 
one-seventh  pound  of  rice ;  one-twenty-fourth  of  a  pound  of  sugar.  To 
season  the  soups,  gravies,  etc.,  which  could  be  prepared  from  this 
wealth  of  materials,  and  salt  down  the  fresh  beef  (when  it  was  fresh), 
there  was  an  allowance  to  each  man  of  one-twenty-fourth  of  a  pound  of 
salt.  When  flour  was  to  be  had,  our  communicative  statistician  (com 
municative  to  the  Federal  general)  put  the  ration  at  one  pound.  He 
did  not  forget  the  soap,  either,  which  was  kind  of  him,  as  otherwise 
Gen.  Thomas  might  have  concluded  that  we  were  an  unwashed  lot  of 
ragamuffins,  and  not  fit  to  come  "between  the  wind  and  his  nobility" 
even  on  a  battlefield. 

This  was  a  great  story  to  pour  into  willing  ears ;  but  the  informant 
had  evidently  been  around  Dalton  and  Tunnel  Hill.  As  the  infantry 


924  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

remember  it,  his  description  of  the  destitution  was  somewhat  exag 
gerated  ;  but  there  is  no  denying  that  living  was  not  luxurious.  It  is  a 
thing  to  be  proud  of,  however,  that  at  any  rate  the  Kentuckians  in 
that  army  did  not  lose  heart  as  they  lost  flesh,  and  they  were  as  dan 
gerous  and  tenacious  when  they  got  gaunt  and  hollow-eyed  as  when 
they  could  boast  of  "  fair  round  belly  with  good  capon  lined." 

There  has  always  been  a  suspicion  in  the  minds  of  guileless  foot- 
soldiers  that  somehow  the  cavalry  ek'ed  out  and  also  improved  this 
scant  and  poor  ration,  even  when  they  found  too  many  people,  as  they 
did  at  Charleston,  who  had  prior  claims  on  rich  commissary  and  sutler 
trains ;  but  at  any  rate  our  gallant  Kentucky  horsemen  were  always 
ready,  come  hunger  and  cold,  come  sunshine  or  shadow,  to  do  their 
whole  duty  in  making  trouble  for  their  enemies,  and  that,  too,  without 
repining  over  their  hard  lot  and  railing  at  fortune. 

In  January,  1864,  soon  after  the  Charleston  affair,  the  Federal  out 
post  in  the  vicinity  of  Ringgold  probably  had  information  of  a  con 
dition  of  things  at  Tunnel  Hill  which  led  to  an  attack  upon  the  brigade 
camps.  Nearly  all  the  field  and  staff  offices  were  absent,  having  gone 
to  Dalton  on  some  public  occasion  or  private  invitation.  Maj.  Cheno- 
weth,  of  the  First  Kentucky,  was  the  ranking  officer  present;  but  he 
was  not  meditating  an  attack,  and,  of  course,  when  it  came,  he  had  to 
act  on  the  spur  of  the  moment.  Gen.  Kilpatrick,  with  his  brigade  of 
cavalry,  left  Ringgold  that  morning,  dashed  to  the  Confederate  picket 
line,  and  charged  it.  The  warning  received  by  the  men  in  camp  was 
the  firing,  which  then  occurred;  and  by  the  time  the  thunder  of  the  on- 
rushing  squadrons  of  Federal  horse  was  heard  they  were  almost 
upon  the  Kentuckians.  Before  a  line  could  be  formed,  the  bullets 
were  whistling  about  their  quarters.  There  was,  however,  no  stam 
pede,  and  comparatively  little  confusion.  Chenoweth  promptly  as 
sumed  direction ;  some  of  the  men  sprang  to  their  guns,  and,  from 
whatever  cover  offered,  as  fences  trees,  and  cabins,  kept  up  a  steady 
fire,  which  gave  the  rest  an  opportunity  to  saddle  and  mount. 

Kilpatrick  did  not  press  his  advantage,  but  retired  before  the  de 
termined  charge,  which  Chenoweth  gallantly  led  in  person,  and  in 
which  he  was  as  gallantly  followed.  Though  so  conspicuous  as  to 
furnish  a  target  for  the  enemy's  rifles  he  was  unhurt,  but  had  a  horse 
shot  under  him,  and  had  to  remount  in  the  melee.  (See  Incidents  and 
Anecdotes.)  The  Federals  were  driven  back  through  Ringgold  Gap; 
the  Kentuckians  then  retired ;  and  the  affair  ended. 

The  ordinary  routine  duty  now  went  on,  little  varied  except  by  the 
two  weeks  of  unusual  activity  when  Gen.  Thomas  came  out  in  Feb 
ruary  to  make  a  demonstration  on  Johnston's  position  at  Dalton.  The 
Federal  advance  reached  Ringgold  on  the  226  of  February,  1864, 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  925 

and  occupied  the  town  that  night.  The  First  Cavalry  had  its  videttes 
on  the  spur  of  the  ridges  about  the  gorge  which  they  had  occupied  in 
the  previous  November,  and  from  which  they  had  helped  to  adminis 
ter  the  furious  blow  which  sent  the  pursuers  back  to  Chattanooga. 

During  the  operations  about  Tunnel  Hill,  Mill  Creek  Gap,  and 
Rocky  Face  Ridge,  which  resulted  in  Thomas's  failure  and  the  return 
of  his  corps  to  the  base  at  Chattanooga,  the  First  Cavalry  did  varied 
and  constant  service  in  connection  with  the  other  troops  of  Wheeler's 
corps. 

Not  a  great  while  subsequently,  the  First  Kentucky,  in  common 
with  the  rest  of  the  brigade,  received  from  the  authorities  that  justice 
which  had  been  withheld  till  there  was  reasonable  ground  of  complaint 
that,  like  a  willing  horse  that  may  be  ridden  to  death,  they  were  in 
danger  of  being  overtasked  and  disproportionately  cared  for.  Nearly 
all  the  troops  about  Dalton  except  the  Kentuckians  were  within  com 
paratively  easy  reach  of  their  homes,  and  the  South,  though  poor,  was 
able  by  home  donations  to  contribute  very  materially  to  its  soldiers  at 
the  front.  Their  State  governments  also  did  something  in  this  way; 
and  the  wretched  plight  in  which  Gen.  Johnston  found  Bragg's  army 
when  he  took  charge  of  it  was  bettered  from  week  to  week,  so  that 
two  months  had  not  elapsed  before  there  was  a  marked  contrast 
between  the  fairly  comfortable  appointments  of  a  large  part  of  the 
army  and  the  partially  destitute  condition  of  the  Kentuckians  in  the 
matter  of  food,  clothing  and  blankets.  True,  the  Southern  people 
were  not  wholly  unmindful  of  the  latter ;  and  they  received  some 
generous  treatment,  but  it  was  spasmodic ;  it  was  not  like  that  which 
came  of  a  direct  personal  interest  felt  in  almost  every  Southern  home, 
however  humble. 

The  quartermaster  and  commissary  departments  of  the  government 
of  course  disiributed  with  reasonable  impartiality  to  all  alike,  but  where 
these  were  all  or  the  chief  reliance,  troops  were  at  this  period  of  the 
war  ill  clad,  ill  fed,  as  previously  explained,  and  frequently  without  a 
sufficiency  of  blankets  to  insure  comfort  in  wintry  weather,  and  espe 
cially  when  on  duty  away  from  camp  and  without  shelter,  as  was  so 
often  the  case  with  cavalry.  There  was  another  advantage  which  most 
of  the  Southern  soldiers  in  that  army  had  over  the  Kentuckians :  a 
system  of  furloughing  was  adopted  which  enabled  a  few  at  a  time  of 
each  organization  to  revisit  their  homes;  but  this  opportunity  of  relax 
ation  and  recreation  was  denied  the  latter. 

For  two  and  a  half  years  the  First  Cavalry  had  been  in  almost  con 
tinuous  active  duty — had  lived  in  the  saddle,  so  to  speak,  or  on  out 
post  and  at  the  picket  front.  One  chance  to  rest  and  recruit  man  and 
beast  was  given  it  for  a  few  weeks,  and  the  regiment  had  made  the 


926  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

most  of  it,  at  Rome,  Ga.  (July-August,  1863),  as  has  been  noticed. 
This,  it  is  true,  was  not  so  long  anterior  to  this  month  of  bitter  Janu 
ary  weather,  when  we  find  them  at  Tunnel  Hill  engaged  in  the  old 
business  which  they  seemed  scarcely  ever  to  have  relaxed — that  of 
scouting,  picketing,  and  fighting  occasionally,  while  other  troops 
hugged  their  cabins  and  had  dress  parade;  but  for  four  months  subse 
quent  to  leaving  Rome  they  had  been  subjected  to  trials  that  would 
•have  broken  the  spirits  of  weak  men  as  well  as  wear  out  their  bodies; 
.and  they  were  here  now  with  jaded  horses,  living  on  scant  forage 
which  was  often  moldy,  weevil-eaten,  or  half-decayed,  while  their 
clothing  was  poor  in  kind  and  inadequate  in  quantity  for  even  a  less 
severe  season. 

At  length,  however,  about  the  first  of  March,  as  intimated,  the 
brigade  was  relieved  and  sent  to  Oxford,  Ala.,  where  it  went  into 
quarters,  and  had  several  weeks  of  much  needed  rest,  received  a  long 
arrear  of  pay,  recruited  horses,  and  found  such  various  diversion 
among  the  good  people  in  Talladega  Valley  as  made  them  forgetful  of 
past  troubles  and  measurably  unconcerned  as  to  what  fate  a  lowering 
future  might  have  in  store  for  them.  The  result  was  that  when  they 
were  ordered  to  the  front  they  resumed  their  ordinary  duties  with  in 
creased  spirit  and  vigor,  and  soon  afterward  entered  upon  the  long 
four-month  campaign  with  new  life,  with  rekindled  hopes,  and  with 
renewed  determination  that,  come  what  might,  the  Kentucky  soldier 
would  not  be  found  at  last  to  have  been  recreant  to  his  trust. 

Some  time  before  the  long  campaign  opened,  however,  a  minor 
affair  in  which  the  First  Kentucky  was  concerned  occurred,  which  is 
appropriately  noticed  here.  For  reasons  not  explained,  Gen.  Johnston 
or  Gen.  Wheeler  wished  to  obtain  information  as  to  position  of  the 
enemy  north  of  the  mountain  and  below  Ringgold,  and  Wheeler  sent 
to  this  regiment  for  a  detail  of  men  under  command  of  one  of  the  best 
of  its  company  officers.  Col.  Griffith  conferred  this  honor  on  Lieut. 
Joe  Vincent,  then  the  junior  commissioned  officer. 

Selecting  the  men  and  naming  Sergts.  James  E.  Miles  and  A.  M .  Head 
as  the  non-commissioned  officers  to  have  oversight  each  of  a  half  of  the 
detachment,  Vincent  reported  to  Gen.  Wheeler,  and  was  ordered  to  be 
ready  at  dark  with  his  detail  properly  equipped  for  a  night's  special 
service.  At  the  time  designated  Vincent  and  his  men  left  the  general's 
headquarters  accompanied  by  a  staff  officer  who  had  been  instructed 
as  to  the  nature  of  the  reconnoissance  to  be  made.  Passing  over  the 
ridge  some  distance  below  Ringgold  Gap,  they  built  a  high  and  strong 
rail  fence  in  a  hollow  and  extending  some  distance  on  each  side  of  a 
public  road — as  afterward  ascertained,  but  a  short  distance  from  the 
.camp  of  a  brigade  of  Federal  infantry.  The  men  took  position  by 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  927 

twos  in  each  corner  of  their  fence,  and  silently  awaited  developments. 
Near  dawn,  at  the  proverbial  '•  darkest  hour  just  before  day,"  they 
heard  picket  firing  not  far  off,  whereupon  about  twenty-five  mounted 
men,  as  they  estimated,  came  dashing  down  the  road,  apparently  from 
a  picket  base,  and  were  almost  upon  the  fence  before  the  officer  in 
command  saw  it,  and  cried  halt — the  horsemen  in  their  rush  huddling 
together  somewhat  before  he  could  check  them.  They  were  suddenly 
greeted  with  a  volley  from  fifty  rifles  and  the  pistols  of  the  officers, 
which  emptied  every  saddle,  and,  as  appeared  to  the  Confederates,  in 
the  dim  light,  left  few  if  any  horses  standing. 

The  detachment  hastily  retreated  over  the  ridge,  before  the  troops 
near  by  could  attack,  and  escaped  without  injury.  It  had  found  the 
enemy's  position  on  that  part  of  his  line,  and  inflicted  considerable  loss 
upon  him.  This  affair,  from  the  direction  and  the  locality,  rather  than 
from  the  character  of  the  expedition,  was  afterward  known  as  the  Nicka- 
jack  raid. 

The  service  of  the  regiment  was  henceforth  somewhat  diversified, 
but  was  as  hard  and  exacting  as  any  they  had  experienced.  We 
have  spoken  of  the  campaign  that  soon  opened  as  being  the  "four- 
month  campaign;"  but  in  truth  the  activity  and  the  arduous  duty  of 
these  men  were  scarcely  intermitted  for  a  day  till  they  laid  down  their 
arms,  a  little  over  twelve  months  afterward. 

It  took  a  prominent  part  in  engagements  which  had  an  important 
bearing  upon  the  campaign  from  Dalton  to  Atlanta,  and  which  had 
received  little  notice  from  those  who  write  about  the  events  of  greater 
magnitude. 

When  Sherman  moved  upon  Dalton,  he  was  evidently  aware  of  the 
importance  of  the  two  gaps  through  Johnston's  natural  line  of  defense 
on  his  left  flank,  Rocky  Face  Ridge  and  Milk  Mountain,  and  that 
their  passes  were  neither  fortified  nor  held  by  any  considerable  num 
ber  of  troops.  The  road  direct  from  Tunnel  Hill  to  Dalton  passes 
through  Mill  Creek  Gap,  in  Rocky  Face,  about  which  and  northward 
of  which,  as  it  was  the  front  of  the  Confederate  position,  an  adequate 
force  was  at  all  times  in  position  ;  but  to  the  southwest  from  Dalton, 
where  the  road  from  this  place  to  LaFayette  passes  through  Rocky 
Face,  is  Dug  Gap,*so  called,  though  in  fact  it  is  but  a  depression  in 
the  ridge  through  which  the  road  is  cut.  South  of  this,  from  twelve  to 
fifteen  miles,  is  Snake  Creek  Gap,  between  Milk  and  Horn  Mountains 
of  the  Chattooga  range,  through  which  the  road  from  LaFayette  by 
way  of  Villanow  and  thence  through  Shipp's  Gap  in  Taylor's  Ridge, 
enters  the  Valley  of  the  Oostanaula,  nearly  directly  west  of  Resaca. 
On  the  yth  of  May,  when  the  Confederate  cavalry  was  driven  through 
Mill  Creek  Gap,  the  passes  above  referred  to  were  not  fortified.  Col. 


928  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

Williamson,  with  perhaps  two  hundred  and  fifty  Arkansas  troops,  was 
near  Dug  Gap,  apparently  as  a  vidette  rather  than  a  force  to  hold  it 
against  attack. 

After  Col.  Grigsby's  brigade  went  into  camp  on  the  night  of  May 
7,  south  of  Mill  Creek  Gap,  he  was  ordered  to  send  a  regiment  to  the 
front  of  this  pass  to  guard  the  approaches.  He  sent  the  Ninth  Ken 
tucky  Cavalry,  under  Col.  Breckinridge,  who  bivouacked  about  mid 
night  on  Mill  Creek,  a  mile  in  front  of  the  pass,  and  threw  out  heavy 
picket  lines  on  the  roads  approaching  it.  Wallace  Herr  and  Alberry 
Houk,  scouts  at  that  time  on  duty  with  the  Ninth  Regiment,  were  sent 
forward  with  others  to  ascertain  the  movements  of  the  enemy.  When 
they  had  advanced  beyond  the  picket  on  the  road  out  from  Dug  Gap, 
they  were  fired  upon  at  close  range,  but  received  no  injury,  and,  re 
turning  to  the  main  scout,  continued  their  investigation.  Before  day 
light  of  the  8th,  they  had  discovered  that  large  bodies  of  troops  were 
moving  down  the  valley  on  all  the  roads  leading  south. 

The  evident  plan  of  the  Federal  commander,  and  the  condition  of 
affairs  that  morning,  have  been  thus  explained  by  Col.  Breckinridge : 
"  McPherson"  (commanding  the  army  of  the  Tennessee,  more  than 
24,000  strong),  "  had  marched  from  Chattanoogo  to  Rossville,  thence 
west  of  Chickamauga  Mountain  to  Shipp's  Gap  and  to  Villanow,  where 
the  road  forks — one  branch  leading  down  the  east  foot  of  Taylor's 
Ridge,  the  other  across  towards  Rocky  Falls ;  and  this  branch  again 
forks,  one  leading  through  Dug  Gap,  the  other  down  the  valley  to 
Snake  Creek  Gap.  Until  McPherson  reached  Villanow,  it  was  only  a 
conjecture  as  to  his  course ;  and  until  the  head  of  his  column  turned 
towards  Snake  Creek  Gap  his  destination  was  uncertain.  His  march 
was  concealed  by  Hooker's  corps,  of  the  army  of  the  Cumberland  (an 
army  commanded  by  Thomas,  and  numbering  nearly  61,000  men),  and 
this  corps,  forming  the  right  of  Thomas  marching  from  Ringgold  by 
way  of  Nickajack  Gap  and  Trickem,  hid  the  flank  movement  of  Mc 
Pherson.  The  plan  was  for  Hooker  to  seize  Dug  Gap  and  push  for 
ward  sufficiently  to  protect  the  flank  of  McPherson  and  strike  the 
flank  of  Johnston  if  he  turned  on  McPherson  ;  while  the  latter,  march 
ing  through  Snake  Creek  Gap  to  Resaca,  should  not  only  destroy  but 
hold  the  only  railroad  tributary  to  Johnston.  The  possession  of  Dug 
Gap  by  Hooker  would  not  only  have  rendered  Dalton  untenable,  but 
made  a  retreat  by  the  line  of  the  railroad  extremely  hazardous,  and  it 
would  have  completely  protected  McPherson  on  his  left  flank.  With 
Hooker  descending  from  Rocky  Face  on  our  left  flank  and  rear, 
McPherson  holding  Resaca,  Thomas  with  the  corps  of  Howard,  and 
Palmer  pushing  to  Dalton,  and  Schofield  to  his  left,  our  army  would 
have  been  in  a  perilous  posture." 


HISTORY  OF  THE  OP.PHAN  BRIGADE.  929 

Learning  that  an  attack  on  Dug  Gap  was, certain,  and  in  too  great 
force  either  to  be  resisted  or  developed  by  his  advance,  Col.  Breckin- 
ridge  sent  information  to  Gen.  Wheeler,  who  ordered  the  remainder  of 
Grigsby's  brigade  to  his  support.  This  was  drawn  up  along  the  moun 
tain  side — the  advancing  enemy  being  delayed  in  his  march  as  much 
as  possible  by  the  Ninth  Regiment  till  two  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  when 
Gen.  Geary,  of  Hooker's  corps,  attacked  with  two  brigades  and  two 
battalions  of  his  division,  about  four  thousand  five  hundred  men,  and 
drove  the  Kentuckians  across  Mill  Creek  and  slowly  up  the  mountain 
side  till  they  took  position  in  line  with  Grigsby.  It  is  estimated  that, 
making  allowance  for  horse-holders  and  including  Williamson's  Arkan 
sas  troops,  there  were  about  1,050  Confederates,  without  artillery,  to 
confront  more  than  four  times  their  number.  From  three  o'clock  till 
after  dark  the  enemy  made  assault  after  assault ;  but  he  was  repelled 
with  an  aggregate  loss  of  more  than  three  hundred  killed  and  wounded 
and  about  fifty  prisoners.  The  Confederate  loss  was  small,  less  than 
twenty  being  killed  and  wounded. 

The  fighting  had  been  desperate,  as  the  Federal  soldiers  were  of 
manifestly  unsurpassed  daring  andxletermination,  and  made  repeated 
attempts  to  ascend  the  face  of  the  ridge.  The  prisoners  alluded  to 
above  surrendered  within  a  few  feet  of  the  line  held  by  the  First  Reg 
iment.  The  nature  of  the  ground  concealed  them  from  the  view  of  the 
Confederate  troops  until  they  approached  within  close  rifle  range,  and 
they  came  more  than  once  so  near  that  the  pistols  carried  by  the  cav 
alry  were  effective.  The  First  Kentucky  occupied  a  position  favorable 
to  the  use  of  stones,  which  they  used  with  such  effect  as  to  contribute 
materially  to  the  discomfiture  of  the  enemy — hurling  and  rolling  the 
loose  bowlders  of  various  sizes  down  the  declivity,  especially  after  the 
enemy  began  to  give  way  under  musket  and  pistol  fire,  and  when  they 
observed  the  consternation  produced  by  them,  as  they  bounded  down 
the  slope,  crashing  through  brush  and  branches,  and  difficult  to  be 
eluded  by  the  retreating  lines.  Even  with  this  unusual  auxiliary  the 
ammunition  ran  so  low  that  the  First  Kentucky  had  to  dispatch  a 
detail  to  their  ammunition  wagon,  more  than  a  mile  away,  for  a  supply, 
which  was  brought  to  them  about  the  time  they  had  fired  their  last 
round  and  while  the  gallant  and  persistent  enemy  was  forming  for 
another  determined  effort.  After  the  final  repulse,  Gen.  Cranberry's 
Texas  brigade,  sent  by  Gen.  Hardee,  reached  the  ground  and  relieved 
Grigsby's  brigade,  which  retired  to  the  other  side  of  the  mountain  and 
down  the  valley  for  about  two  miles,  where  they  went  into  camp. 

Their  rest  was  of  brief  duration.  Before  10  o'clock  Col.  Grigsby 
received  an  order  to  remove  his  brigade  during  the  night  to  Snake 
Creek  Gap,  notwithstanding  the  Ninth  Kentucky  had  been  on  duty 

59 


930  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

continuously  for  more  than  twenty-four  hours,  the  remainder  of  brigade 
for  more  than  twelve  hours,  and  all  under  fire  nearly  the  whole  after 
noon.  Having  fed  and  grazed  their  horses  in  a  clover  field  by  which 
they  had  halted,  and  replenished  cartridge  boxes,  they  moved  off, 
about  10  o'clock,  in  the  darkness,  over  a  rough  road,  unknown  to 
them,  and  experiencing  difficulty  in  finding  reliable  guides;  and  at 
dawn  came  in  sight  of  the  eastern  mouth  of  the  pass.  Col.  Grigsby 
knew  that  no  provision  had  been  made  to  guard  the  gap  against  a 
probable  movement  of  Federal  troops  on  Resaca  by  that  route ;  but 
he  had  been  told  that  a  company  of  Georgia  soldiers  were  picketing 
the  road  ahead  of  him  and  near  the  eastern  outlet;  and  relying  upon 
this  he  had  marched  close  upon  his  objective  point  without  sending 
forward  a  scout,  and  the  advance  vidette  was  so  little  ahead  that  by 
the  time  it  reported  having  discovered  the  Federal  troops  instead  of 
the  Confederate  picket,  the  head  of  his  column  was  in  gunshot  of  the 
enemy. 

In  the  yet  uncertain  light  of  dawn,  and  the  men  ahead  being  par 
tially  concealed,  he  was  incredulous,  and  a  small  scout  was  ordered  to 
ascertain  the  real  state  of  case.  Meanwhile  the  Federals  had  discov 
ered  his  command  and  formed  line  of  battle,  concealed  by  a  wood  and 
by  the  character  of  the  ground.  Coming  thus  unexpectedly  upon  the 
enemy,  the  Kentuckians  were  not  only  without  formation,  but  the 
different  commands,  pressing  up  toward  the  head  of  column,  and 
halted  in  a  narrow  lane,  were  somewhat  mingled  while  some  had  dis 
mounted  to  rest,  and  in  no  condition  to  make  or  receive  attack.  Be 
tween  them  and  the  foot  of  the  mountain,  forward,  was  an  open  field, 
and  on  the  edge  nearest  them  a  row  of  deserted  cabins.  The  road  along 
which  they  had  advanced  ran  along  this  field  for  a  few  hundred  yards 
until  it  passed  through  a  fringe  of  willows  and  underbrush.  On  both 
sides  of  the  open  ground  were  thick  woods,  extending  back  southward 
beyond  the  willow  thicket. 

The  Ninth  Kentucky  was  in  front,  and  before  the  scout  could  exe 
cute  the  order,  a  long  skirmish  line  broke  from  the  woods  beyond  the 
fields,  and  ran  through  the  willows  toward  the  row  of  cabins,  firing 
steadily  as  they  came.  The  front  companies  of  the  Ninth  Kentucky 
received  the  fire,  which  was  concentrated  upon  them,  when  they 
halted  in  column  by  twos.  This  threw  them  into  momentary  confu 
sion  ;  but  with  characteristic  presence  of  mind  they  promptly  rallied 
upon  the  flank  of  the  Second  Battalion,  which  had  marched  next  in 
column  and  had  begun  formation  on  the  first  intimation  of  danger. 

While  this  was  going  on  Adjt.-Gen.  McCauley  had  galloped  to  the 
front  of  the  First  Kentucky  with  an  order  to  Maj.  Chenoweth  to  take 
fifty  of  his  men  and  make  a  demonstration  on  the  left  flank  of  the 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  931 

enemy's  advancing  line  of  battle.  Co.  A  was  nearest  him.  Calling 
on  Capt.  Taylor  to  take  position,  he  asked  for  volunteers  to  make  up 
the  complement  of  fifty  men,  as  Taylor's  company  then  numbered 
only  about  thirty-five.  Instantly  the  requisite  number  from  those 
nearest  the  front  fell  in,  and,  placing  himself  at  the  head  of  the 
squadron,  he  ordered  the  advance.  In  a  moment  they  were  on  a  brisk 
and  steady  trot  to  the  right  through  the  deep  pine  forest  towards  the 
advanced  flank  of  the  enemy;  presently  they  quickened  to  a  gallop; 
and  when  by  a  detour  they  had  reached  the  edge  of  the  field,  they  saw 
beyond  it,  and  within  a  hundred  yards,  the  strong  cavalry  force  of  the 
enemy,  drawn  up  in  order,  Chenoweth  cried  the  charge.  The  so- 
called  "  Rebel  yell  "  burst  simultaneously  from  the  men  as  they  spurred 
their  horses  and  dashed  furiously  upon  the  astonished  foe.  The  as 
sault  was  so  audacious,  the  onset  so  terrible,  that  the  Federal  line 
broke.  They  were  followed  almost  to  their  lines  of  infantry,  and  two 
of  the  men  actually  passed  through,  in  their  impetuosity,  and  were 
made  prisoners.  Besides  these  the  loss  was  small  except  that  First  Lieut. 
Tho.  C.  Jones  received  a  wound  in  the  foot  which  made  him  a  cripple 
for  life,  and  his  uniformly  gallant  service  and  inspiring  influence  was 
thenceforth  lost  to  this  particular  command.  (See  biography.) 

Of  such  stuff  were  made  the  men  in  the  Confederate  service,  who 
had  in  their  keeping  the  honor  and  glory  of  Kentucky  They  were 
always  ready  for  any  desperate  enterprise  and  never  halted  in  the  per 
formance.  The  young  Hotspur,  their  leader,  came  out  with  a  reeking 
sword.  The  men  had  emptied  their  pistols,  some  of  them  more  than 
one  each,  as  they  frequently  carried  extra  ones  at  the  saddle-bow; 
some  had  drawn  their  sabres,  and  had  they  not  been  prudently  with 
drawn  when  the  object  was  accomplished  would  have  died  there  to  a 
man. 

Meanwhile,  Col.  Breckinridge  had  formed  and  charged  with  the 
Ninth  Kentucky  on  foot  past  the  row  of  cabins  and  driven  the  skir 
mishers  back  upon  their  support.  These  detachments  were  now  re 
united  with  the  remainder  of  the  brigade,  and  dispositions  were  made 
for  the  running  fight  which  they  knew  l^hey  must  make,  unless  suffic 
iently  strong  reinforcements  should  arrive  in  time  to  drive  the  Fed 
erals  back  through  the  pass  or  hold  it  until  Johnston's  plans  at  the  front 
should  be  developed.  A  courier  had  been  dispatched  to  headquarters 
as  soon  as  the  critical  state  of  affairs  had  become  manifest ;  but  some 
hours  had  elapsed  and  no  assurance  of  help  had  been  received  when 
the  enemy  indicated  his  intention  to  press  upon  Resaca.  The  brigade 
contested  the  ground  stubbornly  during  the  day,  delaying  his  advance 
as  much  as  possible;  and  it  was  late  in  the  afternoon  before  Grigsby 
was  driven  into  the  works  at  Resaca,  where  the  command  awaited  an 


932  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

assault.  This,  however,  the  Federal  general  declined  to  make,  though 
having  within  reach  an  overwhelming  force.  The  determined  oppo 
sition  which  he  had  met  since  early  morning,  and  the  promptness  and 
spirit  with  which  a  demonstration  on  the  line  of  works  was  responded 
to,  doubtless  rendered  him  unduly  cautious.  To  the  astonishment  of 
those  who  manned  the  redoubts  he  drew  back  to  the  vicinity  from 
which  he  started  in  the  morning. 

In  the  fighting  during  the  day  the  First  Regiment  suffered  in  killed  and 
wounded.  Lieut.  Jones  is  spoken  of  above.  Capt.  Taylor's  horse 
was  shot,  though  not  fatally,  and  himself  wounded.  A.  N.  Conyers, 
Co.  A,  was  wounded;  S.  D.  Lashbrook  was  captured  and  died  in 
prison;  and  Walker  Samuel,  Co.  A,  and  H.  S.  Roberts,  Co.  C,  were 
killed.  These  do  not  cover  the  list  of  casualties,  but  are  all  that  are 
now  recalled. 

At  both  Dug  and  Snake  Creek  Gaps  Gen.  Hardee  visited  the  brigade 
while  engaged  and  afterward  warmly  complimented  officers  and  men 
for  their  excellent  behavior  and  the  valuable  service  they  had  ren 
dered. 

It  is  no  part  of  the  present  writer's  plan  to  criticise  the  conduct  of 
this  or  other  campaigns  in  which  the  Kentucky  troops  of  which  he 
writes  were  engaged.  As  said  elsewhere,  this  were  better  left  to  mili 
tary  critics  and  the  future  historian  who  shall  essay  to  sit  in  deliberate 
and  dispassionate  judgment  on  our  leaders.  It  is  not  easy,  however, 
to  impress  the  reader  of  to-day  with  a  just  sense  of  what  that  little  bri 
gade  of  Kentuckians  achieved  during  those  two  stirring  days  without 
explaining  the  peculiar  condition  of  affairs  when  the  campaign  opened. 
These  passes  through  the  otherwise  almost  impassable  ridge  that  pro 
tected  the  left  flank  of  the  Confederate  army  at  Dalton,  the  possession 
of  which  by  the  enemy  would  have  rendered  Johnston's  position 
wholly  untenable,  if  it  had  not  brought  speedy  disaster,  were  un 
guarded — neither  fortified  nor  held  by  any  considerable  force  when 
Gen.  Thomas  appeared  (May  8th),  at  Tunnel  Hill,  the  Confederate 
outposts  having  fallen  back  through  Mill  Creek  Gap,  directly  in  John 
ston's  front.  True,  there  was  at  Dug  Gap  a  small  body  of  Arkansas 
troops  (estimated  to  have  been  about  250),  apparently  sent  out  as  a 
mere  corps  of  observation ;  but  Snake  Creek  Gap,  from  fifteen  to 
eighteen  miles  southwestward  and  in  rear  of  the  Confederate  position, 
was  unoccupied,  though  but  a  few  miles  from  the  Georgia  railroad  at 
the  crossing  of  the  Oostanaula  River,  and  this  road  constituted  Gen. 
Johnston's  only  line  of  rapid  transportation  southward  to  and  from  his 
base  of  supplies.  As  previously  remarked,  the  importance  of  these 
passes  was  fully  comprehended  by  the  Federal  generals.  In  February, 
Thomas  proposed  a  campaign  on  the  plan  of  masking  the  real  design 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  933 

by  a  demonstration  in  force  on  Buzzard  Roost,  front  and  right  of  John 
ston's  army,  and  then  throwing  the  main  Federal  army  through  Snake 
Creek  Gap  to  cut  him  off  from  the  Oostanaula  and  destroy  the  Geor 
gia  railroad.  In  pursuance  of  this,  Dug  Gap  was  seized  on  the  26th  of 
February  by  a  regiment  of  Indiana  mounted  infantry,  this  being  neces 
sary  to  the  protection  of  troops  on  the  march  to  Snake  Creek  Gap ;  but 
Gen.  Cleburne  retook  it  and  thus  rendered  their  main  plan  impracti 
cable.  As  noted  heretofore,  Gen.  McPherson,  with  the  army  of  the 
Tennessee,  about  25,000  men,  was  discovered  on  the  morning  of  May 
8th  to  be  marching  down  the  valley  in  accordance  with  the  design  con 
ceived  more  than  two  months  before,  while  part  of  Hooker's  corps  was 
endeavoring  to  protect  his  flank  by  seizing  Dug  Gap. 

All  this  emphasizes  the  fact  that  the  conduct  of  the  Kentucky  Cav 
alry  Brigade  was  of  the  utmost  consequence  in  averting  disaster  in  the 
very  outset  of  the  campaign.  The  effectual  repulse  of  more  than  four 
times  its  number  at  Dug  Gap ;  the  weary  night's  march;  the  timely  ar 
rival  in  front  of  the  open  way  through  which  McPherson  in  great  force 
had  already  penetrated  the  valley  of  the  Oostanaula;  the  prompt  rally 
from  the  confusion  caused  by  misinformation  and  misapprehension  ; 
and  the  splendid  fighting  then  and  during  the  day,  — all  this  marks  an 
intrepid,  much-enduring,  and  thoroughly  reliable  soldiery. 

It  is  a  singular  fact,  though,  that  services  so  signal  never  received 
any  adequate  recognition  from  the  commander-in-chief.  Gen.  [ohn- 
ston,  usually  a  fair  and  candid  man,  and  much  in  favor  with  Ken- 
tuckians,  makes  in  his  narrative  but  brief  mention  of  them  ;  and  Gen. 
Canty,  who  had  been  stopped  on  his  way  from  Rome  a  few  days  be 
fore  and  ordered  to  occupy  the  redoubts  at  Resaca  with  his  small  bri 
gade  of  infantry,  and  whom  the  Kentuckians  found  there  when  they 
entered  the  works  after  having  held  back  the  powerful  Federal  force 
till  late  in  the  day,  makes  no  mention  of  them  at  all,  but  apparently 
tries  to  create  the  impression  that,  unaided,  "his  engagement  which 
lasted  till  dark  "  had  repulsed  McPherson  and  sent  him  back  to  the 
gap.  Grigsby  seems  never  to  have  reported  at  all. 

We  pass  rather  more  hastily  over  the  subsequent  events  of  this  mem 
orable  year.  The  operations  in  which  the  First  Kentucky  were  inti 
mately  concerned,  from  the  time  the  campaign  opened  until  we  find  it 
now  at  Resaca,  have  been  treated  at  some  length  because  of  their  great 
importance;  but  it  would  be  impossible  to  include,  in  an  ordinary 
volume,  the  details  of  this  year's  service.  It  is  not  necessary.  The 
history  of  this  regiment  is  intimately  interwoven  with  that  of  John 
ston's  army. 

It  should  be  explained  here  that  the  brigade  of  Kentuckians  known 
as  Grigsby's  was  commanded  during  most  of  this  year,  and  on  until 


934  "HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

the  final  surrender,  by  Col.  Wm.  C.  P.  Breckinridge  and  Gen.  John 
S.  Williams ;  but  no  orders  of  assignment  have  been  found,  and  we 
are  unable  to  state  definitely  when  Col.  Grigsby  was  given  other  ser 
vice,  or  at  what  dates  Breckinridge  and  Williams,  respectively,  took 
command. 

Almost  every  day,  every  night,  had  for  the  First  Kentucky  its  duties 
and  dangers  as  a  regiment,  by  detachments,  or  by  details,  and  its 
thrilling  experience  for  individuals;  and  for  more  than  a  hundred  days 
the  command,  or  parts  of  it,  engaged  in  skirmishes  or  pitched  battles — 
fighting  not  only  cavalry  but  occasionaly  with  advancing  infantry,  and 
not  infrequently  reinforcing  Johnston's  infantry  to  strengthen  line  of 
battle  at  critical  junctures. 

Gen.  Wheeler,  who,  as  has  been  observed  heretofore,  had  much 
confidence  in  it,  and  so  evinced  by  giving  it  posts  of  honor  and  dan 
ger,  in  emergencies,  operated  during  the  first  month  mostly  on  the 
right  flank  of  the  Confederate  army,  and  lost  during  the  twenty-five 
days  preceding  May  3ist,  73  men  killed  and  341  wounded,  and  the 
First  Kentucky  contributed  its  full  proportion  of  these,  as  well  as  to 
the  work  of  capturing  during  that  period  more  than  500  men,  as  many 
horses,  and  five  standards. 

Following  the  main  army  after  it  crossed  the  Oostanaula  on  the  night 
of  May  1 5th,  the  cavalry  opposed  and  much  impeded  the  Federal  ad 
vance  during  the  i6th  and  lyth;  and  when  it  was  known  that  Sherman 
was  marching  by  two  roads  and  Gen.  Johnston  made  his  dispositions 
to  strike  one  column  and  dispose  of  it  before  it  could  be  reinforced  by 
the  other  (as  explained  at  some  length  in  a  preceding  part  of  this  work), 
the  Kentucky  Cavalry  Brigade  was  between  the  two  wings  of  the 
enemy,  and  while  here  were  twice  charged  by  Federal  cavalry,  which 
it  repulsed  each  time  and  kept  its  ground  in  expectation  of  a  battle 
and  of  serious  work  to  do.  To  the  great  disappointment  of  these  Ken- 
tuckians,  who,  it  appears,  were  acquainted  with,  the  existing  conditions, 
that  seemed  to  promise  great  results  for  the  Confederate  arms,  the  fail 
ure  of  Hood  to  strike  as  ordered  defeated  the  plan,  and  the  cavalry 
had  to  extricate  itself  from  a  somewhat  perilous  position  and  march  to 
Calhoun. 

On  the  i  yth,  Wheeler  fought  the  enemy  who  were  advancing  on  the 
Calhoun  road,  compelling  him  to  deploy  his  lines  of  cavalry,  infantry, 
and  artillery.  Here  the  men  were  dismounted  and  somewhat  pro 
tected  by  breastworks  which  they  had  hastily  constructed  of  rails,  and 
the  conflict  was  maintained  until  the  Confederates  were  in  danger  of 
being  taken  in  the  rear  by  a  force  of  Federal  cavalry.  Gen.  Williams 
*was  thereupon  sent  to  reenforce  Martin's  division  on  the  Tanyard  Ford 
road,  and  in  the  afternoon  Wheeler's  main  force  retired  slowly,  fight- 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  936 

ing  at  every  favorable  opportunity,  and  in  this  way  the  enemy  was 
compelled  to  advance  in  line  of  battle  on  that  wing  during  the  entire 
day. 

So  from  day  to  day  the  enemy  was  kept  in  check  in  a  manner  ex 
traordinary  for  the  number  of  troops  Wheeler  had  in  hand,  but  the 
work  required  well-nigh  unceasing  activity,  and  detachments  of  the  di 
vision  had  to  be  shifted  from  place  to  place.  The  main  army  crossed 
the  Etowah  on  the  ipth;  part  of  Wheeler's  division,  including  the 
First  Kentucky,  had  to  make  a  detour  to  prevent  being  caught  between 
two  columns  of  Sherman's  army,  and  this  gave  it  a  long  and  toilsome 
march,  of  about  thirty-six  hours,  for  the  most  part  through  a  pouring 
rain,  the  men  almost  constantly  in  the  saddle  and  on  the  move,  with 
little  to  eat  themselves  and  nothing  for  their  horses.  Late  in  the  after 
noon  of  the  2oth,  the  rear  of  W'heeler's  column  crossed  over  and 
burned  the  bridge ;  and  now  the  division  had  its  first  rest  for  nearly 
three  weeks  (May  2ist  and  22d).  On  the  23d  he  was  ordered  to  re- 
cross  to  the  north  side,  to  ascertain  location,  strength,  and  movements 
of  the  enemy,  and  on  the  24th,  discovered  a  wagon  train  at  Cass  Sta 
tion.  The  escort,  though  strong,  was  charged  by  part  of  his  com 
mand  and  driven  away.  About  eighty  wagons  were  brought  off,  and 
some  were  burned.  The  enemy,  through  some  misapprehension  or 
because  of  a  temporary  panic,  burned  a  considerable  train  of  their  own 
below  Cass  Station  and  a  quantity  of  commissary  stores  which  had 
been  brought  there  for  transportation.  Here  Wheeler's  troops  were 
fiercely  assailed  by  a  large  body  of  Federal  cavalry,  but  these  were 
driven  back  in  confusion,  and  in  the  pursuit  many  of  them  were  killed 
and  wounded,  and  more  than  a  hundred  were  captured. 

After  passing  south  of  the  Etowah,  the  First  Kentucky,  as  well  as 
other  troops  of  Williams's  brigade,  was  frequently  called  upon  to  man 
the  riflepits  and  ditches,  fighting  day  and  night — part  in  the  pits,  part 
lying  outside  on  arms,  in  such  sheltered  position  as  they  could  find,  to 
get  rest,  turn  by  turn.  At  times  the  food  they  got  was  brought  to 
them,  and  this  they  ate  as  they  could  find  opportunity.  When  Sher 
man's  flanking  tactics  compelled  the  abandonment  of  a  line  of  works, 
they  would  be  in  requisition  to  remount  their  horses  and  act  under 
Gen.  Wheeler's  orders  in  guarding  a  flank,  hunting  and  detroying  an 
ammunition  or  provision  train,  or  curtaining  the  rear  of  Johnston's 
moving  columns  of  infantry  and  artillery  and  turning  to  fight  when  the 
enemy  pressed  too  close. 

But  we  cannot  enter  into  details.  The  preceding  will  give  the 
reader  an  idea  of  the  part  which  these  mounted  troops  took  daily  in 
the  almost  continuous  conflict,  long  maintained.  On  June  18,  Gen. 
Wheeler  issued  a  congratulatory  order  to  his  corps  in  which  he  said 


936  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

they  had  been  for  about  two  months  constantly  under  fire  and  engaging  a 
powerful  foe,  and  that  every  attempt  to  turn  the  Confederate  flanks  or 
strike  their  communications  had  been  baffled.  He  made  special  men 
tion  of  the  conduct  of  the  Kentucky  Brigade  at  Dug  and  Snake  Creek 
Gaps,  saying  that  it  reflected  the  highest  credit  upon  every  member  of 
it.  It  is  proper  to  mention  that  a  short  time  before  the  battle  of  Dallas 
^May  28),  the  Kentuckians  captured  and  destroyed  an  ordnance  train, 
somewhere  in  the  neighborhood  of  Ackworth,  and  took  next  day  a 
detachment  having  in  charge  two  supply  wagons,  which  they  appro 
priated  to  their  own  use. 

And  so  on,  from  day  to  day.  At  Dallas,  New  Hope  Church,  and 
Noonday  Creek;  at  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Pine  Mountain,  Lost  Moun 
tain,  and  along  the  Chattahoochee  River — wherever  there  was  danger 
to  flank  or  rear  of  the  army  they  went  and  watched  and  fought.  The 
"  Eye  of  the  Army,"  as  cavalry  has  been  called,  seemed  never  to 
sleep ;  and  when  Sherman  flanked  Johnston  out  of  a  position  he  was 
not  allowed  to  approach  so  closely  to  a  wing  as  to  necessitate  precipi 
tate  retreat.  The  commander-in-chief  trusted  the  mounted  corps  and 
moved  deliberately,  without  loss  of  men  or  munitions. 

After  he  had  fallen  back  behind  the  Chattahoochee  and  entered  the 
fortifications  around  Atlanta  and  had  been  superseded  by  Hood,  the 
cavalry  corps  took  a  specially  brilliant  part  in  the  notable  movement  to 
strike  Sherman's  extreme  left,  and  in  the  desperate  engagement  of 
July  22d,  when  the  Orphan  Brigade,  fronting  along  Intrenchment 
Creek  and  encountering  such  odds,  under  peculiarly  unfavorable  cir 
cumstances,  suffered  so  dreadfully.  Wheeler  gives  the  following  gen 
eral  account  of  the  operations  of  his  force  : 

"  On  the  night  of  July  2ist,  pursuant  to  orders  from  Gen.  Hood,  I 
moved  around  to  the  enemy's  rear  to  attack  him  in  conjunction  with 
Lieut. -Gen.  Hardee,  who  also  moved  upon  their  flank  for  the  same 
purpose.  My  order  from  Gen.  Hardee  was  to  attack  Decatur  at  one 
o'clock  P.  M.,  which  was  the  enemy's  extreme  left,  and,  owing  to  the 
curvature  of  his  line,  was  far  in  the  rear.  Gen.  Hardee  supposed  the 
place  to  be  occupied  by  cavalry  ;  but  on  reconnoitering  the  position  in 
person  about  12  o'clock,  I  found  that  a  division  of  infantry,  strongly 
intrenched,  occupied  the  town.  Having  communicated  this  to  Gen. 
Hardee,  I  dismounted  my  command  and  moved  upon  the  enemy  at 
the  appointed  hour.  Just  as  I  was  moving  my  line,  he  began  to  throw 
out  two  regiments  of  infantry  to  meet  my  approach.  These  were  over 
thrown,  a  number  of  prisoners  captured,  and  the  remainder  driven  in 
confusion  into  the  works,  from  which  we  received  a  most  galling  fire 
from  both  infantry  and  artillery. 

"  Seeing  the  strength  of  the  position  in  front,  I  threw  a  force  upon 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  937 

his  right  flank  and  rear,  and  formed  my  main  line  so  as  to  bear 
obliquely  upon  his  right,  with  the  right  of  my  line  covering  and  en 
gaging  his  front.  From  these  positions  simultaneous  charges  were 
made  upon  him,  the  troops  bearing  upon  his  right  being  somewhat  the 
most  advanced.  At  first  the  severe  fire  made  the  most  exposed  portion 
of  my  line  waver;  but,  quickly  rallying,  the  onset  was  renewed,  and 
with  a  triumphant  shout  the  entire  line  of  works  was  carried. 

"Some  225  prisoners,  a  large  number  of  small  arms,  one  twelve- 
pounder  gun,  one  forge,  one  battery  wagon,  one  caisson,  and  six 
wagons  and  teams,  together  with  the  captain  of  the  battery  and  most 
of  his  men,  were  captured  and  brought  off.  We  captured  also  his 
camp  equipage,  stores,  and  hospitals. 

"Just  as  I  was  pursuing  the  enemy  beyond  the  town  three  of  Gen. 
Hardee's  staff  officers  came  to  me  in  rapid  succession,  directing  that 
I  should  reenforce  Gen.  Hardee  as  quickly  as  possible.  The  pursuit 
was  stopped,  and  all  my  available  troops  moved  at  a  gallop  to  Gen. 
Hardee's  position.  The  forces  under  my  command  fought  warmly 
until  the  pressure  upon  him  had  ceased;  and  night  coming  on,  we 
bivouacked. 

"Just  before  the  troops  were  formed  for  the  attack,  I  reported  to 
Gen.  Hardee  that  a  large  raiding  force  of  the  enemy  had  moved  to 
ward  Covington,  but  he  directed  that  it  should  not  be  followed,  as  he 
thought  the  attack  about  to  be  made  would  cause  the  raiders  to  re 
turn.  The  following  day  at  noon  I  was  relieved  from  my  position 
with  a  portion  of  my  command  and  ordered  to  pursue  the  enemy. 
My  troops  were  in  motion  in  ten  minutes,  after  I  received  the  order, 
and  by  midnight  I  had  traveled  forty  miles,  only  to  find  that  the 
enemy's  cavalry  had  returned  to  his  main  army  before  I  had  received 
orders  to  pursue.  On  returning  I  took  my  place  on  the  right  of  the 
army,  skirmishing  with  the  enemy  until  the  27th." 

In  the  fight  to  which  Gen.  Wheeler  refers  as  being  so  successful  in 
the  taking  of  prisoners,  guns,  stores,  etc.,  the  First  Kentucky  was  on 
the  extreme  right  and  charged  on  foot,  across  an  open  field,  the  left  of 
the  regiment  touching  upon  a  dense  wood.  After  striking  the  enemy's 
partial  cover  beyond  the  field,  part  of  the  regiment,  comprising  as 
has  been  understood,  but  little  more  than  Co.  A  (though  all  were 
fighting  fiercely  whatever  was  before  them),  became  involved  in  an 
almost  hand-to-hand  conflict — apparently  with  a  regiment  of  infantry. 
The  Kentuckians  maintained  themselves  gallantly;  but  in  the  rush 
some  confusion  ensued,  and  blue  and  gray  commingled,  with  the  re 
sult  that  eighteen  or  twenty  of  the  First  Kentucky  were  captured, 
though  for  a  time  it  was  insisted  that  the  Federals  were  themselves 
prisoners.  About  the  time  the  argument  was  decided  against  the  Ken- 


938  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

tuckians,  some  men  of  their  own  company,  assisted  by  Capt.  Witt  and 
his  company,  having  been  notified  by  an  officer  who  had  adroitly  re 
leased  himself,  came  to  their  rescue  and  quickly  drove  off  their  cap 
tors.  Somewhere  on  the  line  occupied  by  the  First  Kentucky,  Capt. 
McCauley,  the  splendid  soldier,  beloved  of  all  who  knew  him  (then 
adjutant-general  of  Williams's  brigade),  was  needlessly  killed  by  a 
Federal  soldier  while  William  Partridge  was  begging  him  not  to  shoot. 
It  is  said  that  McCauley  was  the  third  of  the  regiment's  favorite  and 
distinguished  soldiers  to  be  shot  to  death  on  the  horse  which  he  was 
riding — Capt.  Noel,  at  the  bridge  or  trestle  in  Alabama,  and  Gen. 
Helm,  at  Chickamauga,  being  the  others.  For  such  account  of  Par 
tridge's  action  as  we  have  been  able  to  obtain,  see  History  of  Individ 
uals  ;  see  also  Incidents  and  Anecdotes  at  the  end  of  this  chapter  for 
a  participant's  recollections  of  the  capture  and  rescue  of  part  of  the 
regiment. 

The  next  specially  important  service  of  the  cavalry  was  the  break 
ing  up  of  the  great  force  sent  under  command  of  Gen.  Geo.  Stone- 
man  to  destroy  Hood's  communications  south  and  east.  The  follow 
ing  is  Gen.  Wheeler's  report  of  that  remarkable  achievement: 

"At  daylight  on  the  morning  of  the  27th,  pursuant  to  orders,  I  re 
lieved  Gen.  Hardee's  entire  line  with  my  cavalry.  While  doing  so  I 
discovered  that  the  enemy  had  abandoned  their  strong  position  in  my 
front  and  fallen  back  to  his  position  north  of  the  railroad.  At  the  same 
time  I  discovered  that  a  large  raiding  party  of  the  enemy,  under  Maj.- 
Gen.  Stoneman,  had  moved  toward  our  line  of  communication.  This 
was  reported  to  the  general  commanding ;  and  after  being  relieved  I 
was  ordered  to  pursue,  but  not  to  continue  the  pursuit  in  person  unless 
it  was  absolutely  necessary  to  take  the  greater  portion  of  my  command. 
By  daylight  the  following  morning  I  had  gotten  ahead  of  the  enemy 
and  driven  the  advance  of  Garrard's  division,  which  was  marching 
for  Jonesboro',  across  Flat  Creek.  He,  finding  himself  so  strongly  op 
posed,  retreated  rapidly  toward  the  left  of  the  enemy's  main  army.  WTe 
pursued  a  few  miles,  capturing  a  few  horses  and  arms,  and  caused  him 
to  abandon  three  wagons. 

"About  this  time  I  discovered  that  Gen.  Stoneman,  with  2,200  men, 
had  moved  early  that  morning  on  towards  Covington  with  the  inten 
tion,  according  to  statements  of  prisoners,  of  continuing  his  march 
toward  Macon.  I  felt  unauthorized  with  my  orders  to  pursue  Stone- 
man's  force  of  2,200  men  in  person,  particularly  as  I  had  received  a 
dispatch  from  Gen.  Shoup,  chief  of  staff,  that  the  left  of  the  army  was 
also  threatened  by  raid.  I,  therefore,  ordered  Gen.  Iverson,  with  his 
own,  Gen.  Allen's,  and  Col.  Breckinridge's  brigades,  to  follow  Stone 
man  rapidly  and  attack  him  wherever  found. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  939 

"  While  this  order  was  being  executed  I  received  additional  dis 
patches  from  Gen.  Shoup  stating  that  a  large  cavalry  force,  estimated 
at  over  3,000,  had  crossed  the  Chattahoochee  near  Campbellton,  and 
was  making  its  way  toward  the  Macon  railroad.  Gen.  Shoup  further 
stated  that  he  feared  Brig. -Gen.  Jackson  could  not  check  its  move 
ments,  and  that  Gen.  Hood  desired  me  to  move  immediately  to  oppose 
this  force  with  such  troops  as  could  be  spared.  I  immediately  ordered 
Ashby's  brigade,  under  Gen.  Humes,  which  was  on  the  march  to  join 
me,  to  move  rapidly  to  Jonesboro'.  I  ordered  Gen.  Kelly  to  remain 
and  hold  Garrard's  division  in  check  with  Dibrell's  brigade,  and  to 
send  Anderson's  brigade  after  me  on  the  Jonesboro'  road. 

"  By  riding  rapidly  I  arrived  at  four  o'clock  at  Jonesboro'  with 
Ashby's  brigade,  500  strong,  which  I  had  overtaken  on  the  march.  I 
here  learned  that  the  enemy  had  struck  the  railroad  six  miles  south  of 
that  point.  I  arrived  at  that  point  about  dark  and  found  the  enemy 
had  moved  off  on  the  Fayetteville  road.  A  courier  with  a  dispatch, 
and  a  staff  officer  whom  I  had  sent  to  communicate  with  Gen.  Jackson, 
met  me  with  a  message  from  Gen.  Jackson  to  the  effect  that  if  I  would 
press  the  enemy's  rear  he  would  gain  their  front  and  thus  secure  his 
capture.  Immediately  I  replied  to  Gen.  Jackson,  agreeing  to  the  prop 
osition. 

"  Finding  him  so  far  in  the  rear  I  pushed  on,  and  in  a  few  moments 
struck  the  enemy's  line  of  battle.  I  immediately  attacked  and  drove 
him  from  his  position,  routing  the  entire  line  and  capturing  200  pris 
oners,  with  their  horses,  equipments,  and  arms.  In  this  engage 
ment,  and  the  running  fight  which  ensued,  more  than  40  of  the  enemy 
were  left  dead  on  the  field.  My  entire  force,  including  my  reserves, 
which  were  not  engaged,  did  not  exceed  500  men.  I  pushed  on,  con 
tinually  engaging  the  enemy's  rearguard,  until  about  9  A.  M.,  when 
they  succeeded  by  a  rapid  movement  in  gaining  some  two  miles  upon 
my  advance.  Upon  reaching  a  point  two  miles  from  Newnan  I  again 
overtook  him,  and  captured  20  prisoners  in  the  engagement  which 
ensued.  My  command  had  up  to  this  time  traveled  about  seventy 
miles  without  having  halted. 

"About  this  time  Col.  Cook,  with  a  portion  of  his  regiment,  and 
Gen.  Ross,  with  two  small  regiments,  each  about  one  hundred  strong, 
reported  to  me,  increasing  my  force  to  about  700  men.  I  here  found 
that  when  the  head  of  McCook's  column  approached  the  town  he  ob 
served  Confederate  troops  there,  and,  without  engaging  them,  turned 
off,  leaving  the  town  to  the  right.  Feeling  certain  he  would  attempt 
to  come  into  the  LaGrange  road  below,  I  ordered  Col.  Ashby  to  move 
through  Newnan  and  down  the  LaGrange  road  to  gain  his  front  if 
possible.  I  then  sent  scouts  and  pickets  out  upon  all  roads  by  which 


940  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

the  enemy  could  approach  the  town,  and  moved  with  the  remainder 
of  my  command,  now  less  than  300  men,  down  between  the  railroad 
and  the  main  LaGrange  road  in  the  hope  that  I  might  strike  the 
enemy's  flank.  After  marching  about  three  miles  I  discovered  the 
enemy  in  a  dense  wood  forming  a  line,  the  right  flank  of  which  was 
scarcely  fifty  yards  in  my  front.  Almost  at  the  same  moment  I  re 
ceived  a  dispatch  from  Col.  Ashby  informing  me  that  he  had  struck 
the  head  of  the  enemy's  column  just  as  it  was  entering  the  main  La- 
Grange  road,  three  miles  and  a  half  below  Newnan,  and  that  the 
enemy  was  forming  a  line  of  battle  dismounted.  Feeling  that  I  was 
upon  the  flank  of  the  force  to  which  he  referred,  I  determined  to  at 
tack  immediately,  notwithstanding  the  great  disparity  of  numbers — 
the  enemy  having  ten  times  my  force.  I  immediately  sent  orders  to 
Col.  Ashby  to  engage  the  enemy  in  front,  while  with  the  remainder  of 
my  troops  I  attacked  with  great  vigor.  I  met  with  a  strong  resistance 
at  first,  but  in  a  few  moments  the  enemy  gave  way,  when  with  a  shout 
and  a  gallant  charge,  the  entire  line  was  thrown  into  confusion  and 
began  a  disorderly  retreat.  We  pursued  rapidly,  captured  a  great 
number  of  prisoners,  and  divided  the  enemy's  forces. 

"While  pursuing,  I  heard  firing  in  my  rear,  when  I  was  surprised  to 
learn  that  Gen.  Ross  had  left  his  horses  where  he  had  first  dismounted. 
Convinced  that  they  were  being  attacked  I  immediately  recalled  the 
line,  returned,  and  drove  off  the  enemy,  capturing  a  number  of  pris- 
oners  and  horses  and  recovering  all  of  Gen.  Ross's  horses. 

"  My  scouts  now  reported  that  the  enemy  had  taken  the  road  cross 
ing  Flint  River.  Feeling  confident  he  would  destroy  the  bridge,  I 
sent  a  staff  officer  to  ascertain,  and  also  sent  scouts  to  ascertain  if  any 
of  the  enemy  went  toward  Griffin.  Finding  that  the  bridge  had  been 
destroyed  and  that  all  the  enemy  had  moved  toward  Fayetteville,  I 
changed  my  course  and  followed  them  rapidly. 

"  Upon  arriving  at  Fayetteville  about  midnight,  I  learned  that  the 
enemy  had  passed  through  that  place  without  meeting  any  opposition 
whatever,  and  was  then  not  more  than  an  hour  in  advance  of  me.  I 
pressed  on  rapidly  and  overtook  his  rear  at  Line  Creek.  He  had  de 
stroyed  the  bridge  and  was  holding  the  opposite  side  with  troops  in 
strong  barricades.  With  great  difficulty  he  was  dislodged  and  driven 
from  the  bank.  After  an  hour's  hard  labor  a  bridge  was  constructed 
and  my  command  passed  over.  I  had  with  me  at  this  time  about  400 
men,  having  traveled  so  rapidly  that  a  number  of  my  horses  had  been 
absolutely  unable  to  keep  up  with  the  column,  and  Gen.  Anderson, 
whom  I  had  ordered  to  follow  me,  had  not,  on  account  of  the  rapidity 
of  my  march,  been  heard  from.  After  crossing  the  bridge  I  pressed 
on  rapidly,  in  the  extreme  darkness  encountering  barricades  every  few 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  941 

Hundred  yards,  the  first  intimation  of  the  enemy  being  a  volley  from 
their  small  arms. 

"  Immediately  after  attacking  him  with  success  and  before  I  had  re 
established  my  line,  the  enemy  made  a  most  determined  charge,  driv 
ing  back  a  portion  of  my  line  and  throwing  the  whole  of  it  into  tempo 
rary  confusion.  In  a  moment  my  troops  were  rallied  and  he  was 
repulsed.  The  fight  had  now  lasted  two  hours;  we  had  driven  the 
enemy  from  every  position  and  captured  400  prisoners,  including  three 
}  Tigade  commanders,  one  of  whom  lay  wounded  on  the  field.  At  this 
-noment  Gen.  Anderson  come  up  with  his  brigade,  400  strong,  which 
u-as  thrown  into  position.  While  doing  so,  Gen.  Anderson  was  wounded, 
and  the  brigade  left  under  command  of  Col.  Bird. 

' '  Upon  advancing  my  line  I  ascertained  that  the  enemy  had  fallen 
liack  and  taken  a  strong  position  in  the  edge  of  a  wood,  with  a  large 
:  ;eld  in  front,  and  a  deep  ravine,  passable  only  at  certain  points,  inter 
vening  between  my  troops  and  his  position.  He  had  thrown  up  strong 
barricades,  and  was  using  his  artillery  freely.  Gen.  Roddy,  who  had 
been  in  the  town,  and  had  not  been  engaged,  came  up  with  but  600 
men,  and  was  placed  in  position  on  my  left.  He  advised  strongly 
against  attacking  the  position.  I  immediately  moved  my  troops  to  the 
right  and  pressed  down  upon  the  enemy's  left  flank.  Upon  discover 
ing  this  movement  he  began  retreating.  I  pressed  rapidly  down  the 
road  upon  his  flank,  cutting  off  nearly  two  entire  regiments,  which 
surrendered  in  a  body,  with  all  their  artillery,  wagons,  and  ambu 
lances.  The  entire  column  was  thrown  into  disorder,  and  a  number  of 
prisoners,  arms,  horses,  and  two  stand  of  colors  were  captured  in  the 
pursuit  which  ensued.  Some  300  prisoners,  mostly  quartermasters, 
commissaries,  and  other  non-combatants  whom  the  enemy  had  cap 
tured  the  previous  day,  were  also  recaptured  by  our  troops.  Gen. 
Roddey,  on  account  of  the  fatigued  condition  of  his  men,  had  been 
authorized  by  me  to  retire  to  Newnan  before  this  movement  began. 
After  pursuing  four  miles  I  found  the  enemy  had  become  very  much 
scattered  through  the  woods  and  fields,  and  that  the  only  party  claim 
ing  organization  had  been  severed  nearly  equally.  One  column,  esti 
mated  at  about  400  men,  under  Gen.  McCook  in  person,  had  moved 
at  a  gallop  toward  the  mouth  of  New  River,  and  the  other  party,  un 
der  Col.  Brownlow,  had  moved  on  by-roads  toward  the  Chattahoochee 
River,  near  Franklin.  I  ordered  Col.  Bird,  commanding  Anderson's 
brigade,  to  pursue  the  party  with  McCook  vigorously.  In  anticipation 
that  the  enemy  would  take  the  direction  pursued  by  the  other  party,  I 
had  some  time  previously  sent  Col.  McKenzie,  with  his  own  and  the 
Third  Arkansas  regiment,  to  gain  the  front  of  the  enemy  moving 
toward  Franklin. 


942  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

"  I  omitted  to  state  that  a  short  time  before  dark  Gen.  Jackson  ar 
rived,  but  his  troops,  numbering  only  about  300  men,  remained  in  the 
rear  and  did  not  come  up  to  engage  the  enenry.  After  dark  I  ordered 
Gen.  Jackson  to  take  his  entire  command  to  the  battlefield  and  take 
charge  of  all  the  prisoners  which  had  not  been  sent  to  the  rear,  to 
gather  up  the  arms,  wagons,  horses,  artillery,  and  all  other  public 
property,  and  take  them  to  Newnan  and  await  my  orders.  The  bal 
ance  of  my  command  left  with  me  I  ordered  to  search  the  woods  and 
gather  up  the  straggling  parties  of  the  enemy  who  had  been  cut  off 
.and  were  scattered  over  the  country.  Col.  McKenzie  was  very  for 
tunate  in  his  movement  and  succeeded  in  capturing  between  two  hun 
dred  and  three  hundred  prisoners. 

"  Col.  Bird  was  not  so  successful.  His  instructions  from  me  were  to 
press  on  rapidly,  and  to  report  by  courier  to  me  his  progress  and  the 
force  he  found  himself  following.  It  was  full  daylight  before  I  heard 
from  him  at  all,  and  then  I  heard  that  he  had  fallen  asleep  and  allowed 
the  demoralized  mass  to  escape  to  the  river. 

"  On  my  arrival  at  that  point  in  the  morning  I  found  that  some  400 
•of  the  enemy  had  succeeded  in  crossing,  after  abandoning  some  200 
horses  and  equipments,  and  throwing  away  most  of  their  arms.  These 
were  still  pursued  on  the  other  side  of  the  river  and  a  number  cap 
tured,  thus  completing  the  destruction  of  the  entire  command.  This 
proved  to  be  a  picked  body  of  cavalry,  and  with  it  was  destroyed  the 
flower  of  Gen.  Sherman's  vast  cavalry  organization.  Gen.  Iverson 
had  been  equally  successful  in  his  pursuit  of  Gen.  Stoneman,  whom 
he  met,  defeated,  and  captured,  with  500  of  his  command,  some 
twenty  miles  from  Macon.  The  remainder  of  Stoneman's  command 
was  much  demoralized  and  scattered.  Col.  Breckinridge  pursued, 
and,  in  successive  engagements,  defeated  and  captured  one  of  the  or 
ganized  parties  which  attempted  to  escape. 

"Thus  ended  in  most  ignominious  defeat  and  destruction  the  most 
stupendous  cavalry  operation  of  the  war.  As  was  acknowledged  by 
the  brigade  commanders  captured,  their  plan  was  to  unite  these  col 
umns  on  the  railroad  north  of  Macon,  destroy  the  railroad,  then  move 
rapidly  upon  and  release  the  30,000  prisoners  of  war  we  held  at  An- 
dersonville.  In  this  he  was  thoroughly  thwarted  at  the  cost  of  5,000 
men,  with  their  horses,  arms,  equipments,  colors,  cannon,  etc.  The 
force  which  was  sent  on  this  expedition  numbered  as  follows,  all 
picked  cavalry : 

Garrard's  Division 4,000 

McCook's  Division 3, 200 

Stoneman's  Division 2,200 

Total 9,400 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  943 

"  Garrard  returned  to  the  army  without  sustaining  much  damage 
except  the  morale  of  defeat.  McCook,  according  to  the  enemy's  own 
accounts,  succeeded  in  returning  with  only  500  men,  most  of  whom 
were  dismounted  and  unarmed,  while  none  but  a  few  stragglers  from 
Stoneman's  column  ever  returned,  making  their  entire  loss  over  5,000 
men.  Of  these,  I  am  informed,  3,200  were  lodged  in  prison,  and  the 
remainder  killed,  wounded,  or  scattered  through  the  country.  Mc- 
Cook's  column  was  a  picked  body  of  men  selected  from  his  own 
division  and  a  division  a  short  time  previously  brought  from  Tennes 
see  by  Maj.-Gen.  Rousseau.  All  this  was  accomplished  by  a  force  of 
cavalry  not  exceeding  an  aggregate  of  3,800  men." 

The  pursuit  made  by  Col.  Breckinridge,  of  which  Gen.  Wheeler 
speaks  in  his  report,  which  resulted  in  the  capture  of  most  of  the  only 
organized  forces  which  attempted  to  escape,  terminated  with  a  bril 
liant  affair  which  deserves  more  particular  notice. 

When  Stoneman  announced  his  intention  to  surrender  (July  3151), 
Col.  Silas  Adams,  commanding  a  brigade  of  Federal  Kentucky  cav 
alry,  obtained  permission  to  extricate  his  brigade  if  possible.  This  he 
succeeded  in  doing,  and  ultimately  rejoined  the  Federal  army  in  the 
neighborhood  of  Jonesboro'  without  having  suffered  serious  loss.  A 
lew  minutes  before  this,  Col.  Horace  Capron  had  escaped  with  a  part 
of  the  Fourteenth  Illinois  Cavalry,  the  Eighth  Michigan  Cavalry,  and 
the  First  Ohio  Squadron.  Maj.  Davidson,  with  another  detachment 
cf  the  Fourteenth  Illinois,  soon  joined  Capron,  as  did  also  Lieut. -Col. 
Matson  with  a  remnant  of  Col.  Biddle's  brigade.  This  having  been 
ascertained,  and  that  they  were  working  their  way  by  a  somewhat  cir 
cuitous  route  towards  Madison,  Col.  Breckinridge  turned  back  to 
intercept  or  to  overtake  them;  but  this  was  not  until  about  i  o'clock 
in  the  afternoon  of  Tuesday,  August  2d.  Riding  as  rapidly  as  the 
condition  of  the  horses  would  allow,  till  about  nightfall,  the  column 
halted,  fed  animals,  and  ate  the  scant  rations  that  were  left  to  them. 
After  a  brief  rest,  the  march  was  resumed;  but  it  became  evident  dur 
ing  the  night  that  at  the  best  rate  of  travel  which  the  entire  force  could 
make  the  Federals  could  not  be  overtaken  before  safe  back  in  their 
lines;  and  it  was  determined  that  a  volunteer  detachment  of  men  who 
wore  well  mounted  and  equipped  should  make  a  forced  march  and 
take  the  chance  of  either  beating  the  enemy  or  holding  him  at  bay  till 
the  other  Confederates  could  come  up. 

This  brought  to  the  front  about  80  men,  with  good  horses,  and  eager 
for  a  dashing  pursuit,  each  regiment  contributing  to  the  select  list.  We 
have  endeavored  to  get  the  names  of  all  the  detachment,  but  with 
poor  success.  The  following  are  known  to  have  taken  part  in  the 
affair:  Col.  Wm.  C.  P.  Breckinridge,  Ninth  Kentucky  (whom  the 


944  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

men  requested  to  take  immediate  command) ;  Wm.  T.  Ellis,  Elisha 
Abel,  and  Phil  Pointer,  Co.  A,  First  Cavalry;  Allen  Estes,  Ferd  C. 
Mills,  and  George  W.  Quarles,  Co.  G,  First  Cavalry;  Capt.  Sam 
Peyton,  Lieut.  Dud  C.  Logan,  Robert  S.  Sprake,  Pres  C.  Calvert,  S. 
L.  Perry,  and  Al  Scott,  Co.  A,  Ninth  Cavalry;  Capt.  Smith,  and 
Lieut.  Yager,  Co.  G,  Ninth  Cavalry;  Sergt.  Elley  Blackburn,  S.  T. 
Leavy,  Henry  S.  Halley,  Dr.  John  A.  Lewis,  and  Wm.  A.  Gaines, 
also  Ninth  Cavalry. 

Keeping  track  of  Caperton,  as  indicated  by  some  stragglers  picked 
up  along  the  route,  they  came  upon  his  picket  just  before  dawn 
(August  3d),  and  as  these  fired  and  fled,  Col.  Breckinridge  gave  the 
order  to  charge,  knowing  that  the  main  body  could  be  but  a  short  dis 
tance  ahead,  and  the  detachment  dashed  upon  the  bivouac  before  the 
startled  sleepers  could  realize  their  danger  and  prepare  for  resistance. 
Several  of  them  were  killed  in  the  first  onset,  and  a  few  escaped  to 
the  woods  on  foot,  but  most  of  them  were  captured  there  or  in  the 
pursuit  which  followed.  Part  of  the  command,  who  occupied  a  posi 
tion  considerably  in  advance  of  those  first  struck,  succeeded  in  mount 
ing  and  lining  up  for  battle,  but  these  were  promptly  put  to  flight  by  a 
small  body  of  men  who  were  not  engaged  with  prisoners  already  taken 
or  in  pursuit  of  fugitives  in  other  directions,  but  were  ready  for  action 
when  Col.  Breckinridge  ordered  the  charge. 

The  result  of  the  morning's  work  was  the  capture  of  between  six 
and  seven  hundred  men  (rank  and  file),  the  taking  of  about  a  hundred 
negroes,  who  had  gathered  and  hung  about  the  Federal  column  on  its 
march  from  Newnan,  and  about  eight  hundred  horses  and  mules. 
Breckinridge  lost  but  one  killed — a  man  named  Parker  who  was  found 
dead  in  the  woods  several  days  afterward ;  but  in  the  desultory  firing 
which  was  possible  to  the  Federals  before  the  rout  was  complete,  some 
of  the  assailants  were  wounded,  among  whom  Allen  Estes  and  Ferd 
Mills  are  recollected. 

On  Gen.  Wheeler's  return  to  the  army,  after  having  disposed  of 
McCook  and  Stoneman,  Gen.  Hood  ordered  him  to  move  upon  the 
enemy's  line  of  communications,  destroy  them  at  various  points  be 
tween  Marietta  and  Chattanooga;  then  cross  the  Tennessee  River, 
break  the  communication  of  the  two  roads  running  from  Nashville  to 
the  Federal  army;  then  to  leave  1,200  men  to  continue  their  opera 
tions  on  those  roads,  while  he  turned  and  again  struck  the  railroad 
south  of  Chattanooga,  after  which  he  was  to  rejoin  the  main  army. 

He  started  promptly,  though  the  horses  of  his  corps  were  much 
worn  by  rapid  marching  and  insufficient  food.  On  August  loth  he 
began  expedition  which  lasted  for  nearly  a  month,  and  was  far  more 
destructive  of  the  enemy's  communications  and  stores  than  the  one  of 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  945 

October,  1863,  and  was  eminently  successful  in  breaking  up  fortified 
posts,  diverting  troops  from  the  support  of  Sherman  in  Georgia,  taking 
prisoners,  bringing  out  beef  cattle  and  other  supplies  for  the  Confed 
erate  army,  and  strengthening  that  army  by  enlisting  more  than  3,000 
new  men. 

The  Kentucky  Cavalry  Brigade,  under  Gen.  Jno.  S.  Williams,  took 
an  active  part  in  destroying  the  railroad  between  Tunnel  Hill  and 
Grayville,  and  making  demonstrations  at  various  points  to  prevent  the 
enemy  from  repairing  the  tracks  ;  but  before  the  expedition  passed  to 
the  north  of  the  Tennessee,  Gen.  Williams  requested  to  be  allowed  to 
take  two  brigades,  including  his  own,  and  half  of  Wheeler's  artillery, 
and  move  upon  Strawberry  Plains,  promising  to  capture  the  garrison 
there,  destroy  the  bridge,  and  rejoin  the  main  force  that  night  by 
marching  by  moonlight.  To  this  Gen.  Wheeler  reluctantly  consented, 
and  was  thereby  deprived  of  some  troops  which  would  have  been  very 
valuable  in  the  execution  of  the  work  for  which  he  had  been  detached 
from  Hood's  army.  Before  Gen.  Williams  could  accomplish  his  ob 
ject,  he  learned  that  heavy  forces  of  the  enemy  were  interposed  be 
tween  him  and  Gen.  WTheeler,  who  had  crossed  the  French  Broad 
above  Knoxville,  whereupon  he  turned  into  Middle  Tennessee,  where 
he  operated  for  some  time,  destroying  railroads,  engaging  in  occasional 
skirmishes  with  the  enemy,  and  taking  some  prisoners.  When  at 
length  pressed  by  a  force  with  which  he  could  not  successfully  con 
tend,  he  moved  by  way  of  Bristol  into  western  Virginia. 

He  was  now  out  of  his  department ;  but  when  the  expedition  under 
Burbridge  moved  from  Kentucky  to  destroy  the  works  at  Saltville, 
Washington  County,  Va.,  Williams  joined  Gen.  Echols  in  time  for  the 
battle  there  (Oct.  2,  1864),  where  his  Kentucky  troops  fought  on  foot 
and  contributed  so  materially  to  the  victory  that  they  were  regarded 
by  some  as  having  really  saved  the  salt  works  to  the  Confederacy. 
His  service  there  was  so  favorably  regarded  by  the  Confederate  Con 
gress  that  he  was  voted  a  resolution  of  thanks. 

Here  for  the  first  time  the  Confederate  Kentuckians  met  colored 
troops  in  battle,  and  it  is  said  that  Burbridge  pressed  them  forward  on 
that  part  of  the  line,  as  perhaps  elsewhere,  when  they  were  assailed 
with  such  fury  that  they  presently  broke  and  could  not  again  be 
brought  into  action.  Capt.  George  Beckley,  W.  T.  Aull,  George 
Wolfram,  and  others  of  the  First  Kentucky,  were  wounded  (see  His 
tory  of  Individuals) ;  but  the  casualties  were  few  from  the  fact  that  the 
enemy  was  inferior  in  discipline  and  dash,  and  the  conflict  was  not 
long  maintained. 

From  Saltville,  Gen.  Williams  marched  to  Asheville,  N.  C.,  thence 
in  a  short  time  to  Georgia,  where  his  troops  were  reunited  with 


946  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

Wheeler's  corps.  Because  of  his  failure  to  join  Gen.  Wheeler  in  Ala 
bama,  as  he  was  ordered  to  do,  during  Wheeler's  expedition,  after 
being  detached  to  reduce  the  garrison  at  Strawberry  Plains,  he  was 
now  ordered  under  arrest  and  suspended  from  command.  A  court  of 
inquiry  upon  which  he  insisted  then,  and  subsequently,  was  never  or 
ganized  to  try  the  case,  and  specific  charges  were  never  formulated. 
Col.  Breckinridge  commanded  the  brigade  from  that  time  until  it 
reached  Columbia,  S.  C. ,  in  February,  1865,  when  Williams  was  re 
stored  to  his  position,  which  he  held  to  the  close,  Breckinridge  resum 
ing  the  immediate  command  of  his  own  regiment,  the  Ninth  Ken 
tucky. 

On  the  1 2th  of  November,  Gen.  Sherman  was  still  at  Kingston, 
•where  he  had  made  his  headquarters  for  some  time,  but  the  move 
ment  of  his  army  from  various  points  north  of  Atlanta  began  about 
that  time,  and  in  a  few  days  the  march  to  the  sea  was  well  under  way. 
Wheeler  hung  upon  his  flanks  and  pressed  upon  his  rear  from  first  to 
last,  and  the  Kentucky  cavalry  and  mounted  infantry  in  his  command 
did  its  full  share  of  watching,  scouting,  and  almost  daily  skirmishing 
with  the  enemy's  outguard  and  foraging  detachments,  as  well  as  with 
those  parties  that  ventured  out  from  time  to  time  on  their  mission  of 
depredation  and  destruction. 

Near  Louisville,  the  county  seat  of  Jefferson  County,  Ga. ,  about 
fifty-four  miles  from  Milledgeville,  the  brigade  (then  under  Col.  Breck- 
inridge's  command,  as  previously  explained,)  was  attacked  (November 
30th)  when  about  going  into  camp  by  a  strong  column  of  Sherman's 
army,  which  began  firing  at  short  range  and  made  an  effort  to  surround 
and  capture  it.  Breckinridge  was  without  any  available  support ;  but 
such  fierce  and  effective  resistance  was  made  that  the  brigade  not  only 
extricated  itself,  but  made  the  impression  (as  afterward  appeared  from 
Federal  accounts)  that  the  Confederate  force  was  composed  of  both 
infantry  and  cavalry  and  of  great  strength.  The  first  Kentucky  fought 
on  foot,  the  other  regiments  mounted,  which  naturally  made  it  appear 
that  both  arms  were  on  the  field;  but  the  brigade  probably  numbered 
.at  that  time,  present  for  duty,  not  exceeding  a  thousand  men.  The 
Federals  left  their  dead  and  wounded  (more  than  a  hundred,  as  was 
reported,)  oil  the  ground,  and  pressed  on  to  the  main  column.  Breck 
inridge  lost,  killed  and  wounded,  between  thirty  and  forty.  Among 
the  killed  was  Capt.  John  Witt,  Co.  C,  First  Cavalry,  a  gallant  officer, 
.and  one  of  the  most  popular  in  the  regiment.  (See  Incidents  and 
Anecdotes;  also,  History  of  Individuals.) 

On  Dec.  9  and  10  the  several  corps  of  Sherman's  army  reached  the 
defenses  around  Savannah.  Wheeler  had  not  been  strong  enough  to 
impede  the  enemy's  advance,  but  his  ceaseless  vigilance,  never  flag- 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  947 

ging  energy  and  activity,  and  audacious  fighting,  day  or  night,  when 
ever  occasion  required,  doubtless  kept  Sherman  out  of  Macon  and 
Augusta,  compelled  his  vast  army  to  keep  in  general  to  the  main 
roads,  and  greatly  narrowed  the  track  which  from  Atlanta  to  the  coast 
was  swept  as  by  the  besom  of  destruction.  To  this  work  the  Ken 
tucky  Cavalry,  of  which  the  First  was  a  material  part,  had  contributed 
its  full  share. 

Dec.  13,  the  main  defensive  work  of  Savannah,  Fort  McAllister, 
was  taken  by  direct  assault,  and  Hardee's  inner  breastworks  and 
trenches  were  no  longer  tenable.  He  soon  withdrew  across  the  river, 
taking  position  with  his  infantry  and  artillery  at  Charleston,  S..C.  ; 
and  the  close  of  the  year  found  Sherman  making  careful  and  unmo 
lested  preparation  for  an  early  start  across  the  Carolinas,  with  only  a 
comparatively  very  small  force  of  Confederate  cavalry  on  the  direct 
route  between  him  and  Gen.  Grant  in  Virginia. 


INCIDENTS    AND    ANECDOTES. 

I.  Cutting   His   Comb. — A    participant  in  the  affair  at  Tunnel 
Hill,  when  Kilpatrick  came  unexpectedly  upon  the  Kentucky  Cavalry, 
tells  this  on  the  gentleman   who  played  so  gallant  a  part  in  repelling 
him:  "  Maj.  Chenoweth  cut  quite  a  conspicuous  figure  in  this  fight. 
Besides  .his  fine  uniform  and  fine  gray  horse,  he  had  a  long,  red  fox 
brush  which  he  wore  on  his  hat  for  a  cockade.      He  persisted  in  keep 
ing  in  front  of  the  line,  where  he  was  exposed  to  unnecessary  danger, 
although  we  insisted  that  he  should  keep  back.      He  was  angry,  and 
when  his  horse  was  shot  down  he  was  furious.     Procuring  another 
horse,  he  exposed  himself  more  than  ever,  and  seemed  to  be  reckless. 
Apparently  he  had  drawn  the  fire  of  Kilpatrick's  whole  line,  and  we 
expected  every  moment  to  see  him  shot  down.     Finally  we  saw  his 
fox  tail  fall — shot   off   his  hat— and  then  the  major  turned  his  horse's 
head  to  the  rear  and  took  cover  with  the  rest  of  us." 

II.  The    Kentucky   Way,    Whatever    the    Uniform.— As 

illustrating  the  difference  between  real  soldiers  and  those  fellows  who 
forgot  that  the  jawbone  with  which  Samson  did  execution  was  in  his 
hand  and  not  in  his  mouth,  and  that  other  equally  odious  class  who 
wore  uniforms  in  bomb-proof  positions  and  thought  they  were  serving 
the  country  by  being  brutal  to  prisoners  of  somebody  else's  catching, 
I  quote  again  from  the  account  of  life  at  Rock  Island,  alluded  to  else 
where  :  "I  was  a  very  sick  boy  when  orders  were  received  by  the 
Confederate  prisoners  of  war  confined  in  the  barracks  at  Ninth  and 
Broadway,  Louisville,  about  Jan.  22,  1864,  to  get  ready  to  go*  north 
ward.  Consulting  my  best  interests,  I  would  have  asked  to  be  sent  to 
a  hospital,  but  not  wishing  to  be  separated  from  my  friends  who  had 
been  captured  with  me,  I  went  with  them.  Reaching  Jefferson ville, 
we  were  put  aboard  a  train  for  Chicago.  The  weather  was  intensely 
<  old,  and  the  best  passenger  cars  in  use  in  those  days  were  uncom- 


948  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

fortable.  The  officer  in  command  was  a  captain  in  a  Kentucky  Fed 
eral  regiment,  whose  name  I  am  not  sure  I  remember  rightly  ;  and  as 
soon  as  we  had  found  places  in  the  several  cars,  he  went  into  each, 
and  calling  for  the  sick  men,  got  seats  for  each  of  them  near  the  stove, 
then  in  the  center  of  the  car,  and  ordered  that  they  should  not  be  dis 
turbed  during  the  trip.  He  had  with  him  a  large  basket  filled  with 
food,  and  this  he  generously  shared  at  each  meal-time  with  the  sick 
boys,  none  of  whom  were  able  to  eat  the  rougher  rations  issued  to 
their  stronger  comrades.  Arriving  at  Kokomo,  Ind.,  the  train,  a 
special  one,  was  delayed  for  an  hour  or  two,  and  the  captain  came  into 
our  car  and  said  to  the  sick  :  '  Boys,  come  with  me  ;  a  gentleman  who 
has  a  store  near  by  has  given  permission  for  you  to  sit  by  his  stove 
while  we  are  detained  here.  Of  course,  you  will  not  attempt  to 
escape,'  he  added  with  a  smile.  Escaping  was  of  course  in  the  mind 
of  each  of  us,  but  none  would  have  taken  advantage  of  the  oppor 
tunity  thus  presented,  since,  being  unguarded,  we  were  upon  our 
honor  not  to  attempt  to  impose  upon  the  soldierly  officer  who  was  re 
sponsible  for  our  safe-keeping. 

"The  merchant  received  us  kindly  and  gave  us  seats  near  his  red- 
hot  stove,  and  in  every  way  endeavored  to  make  us  comfortable.  Soon 
several  citizens  came  in  to  see  what  a  real,  live  Confederate  soldier 
looked  like ;  and  among  them  the  inevitable  man  of  words  rather  than 
deeds.  This  latter  individual  availed  himself  of  his  opportunity  to 
assail  us  in  the  most  abusive  manner,  though  none  of  us  dignified  him 
by  replying  to  his  coarse  tirade.  We  had  been  born  and  bred  gentle 
men,  and  properly  apprehended  that  this  fellow  could  not  insult  us. 
The  proprietor  of  the  store,  however,  for  the  time  being  our  host, 
came  to  the  rescue  promptly:  '  Look  here,  Bill  Jones,'  said  he,  'these 
men  are  not  only  defenseless  prisoners  of  war  but  are  ill  besides.  They 
are  in  my  house  by  my  consent,  and  as  long  as  they  remain  here  they 
shall  be  treated  with  respect.  If  you  have  such  a  burning  hatred  for 
rebel  soldiers,  I  suggest  that  you  enlist  and  go  to  the  front  where  they 
can  be  found  prepared  to  defend  themselves.  You  are  a  d — d  cow 
ard,  else  you  would  not  attack  these  men  who  are  in  the  hands  of  their 
enemy,  ill  and  defenseless.  The  quicker  you  get  out  of  here  the  better 
it  will  be  for  your  cowardly  hide.'  As  Bill  Jones  slunk  out  of  the 
room,  we  clapped  our  hands  in  appreciation  of  the  merchant's  kind 
ness,  and  it  is  doubtful  whether  any  one  of  us  has  forgotten  the  un 
known  gentleman  who  so  quickly  took  our  part. 

"We  reached  Rock  Island  at  night;  and  just  before  we  were  to 
leave  the  train,  the  Captain  came  to  me,  whom  he  seemed  to  think 
the  feeblest  of  the  lot,  and  said :  '  You  have  a  rough  experience  ahead 
of  you,  as  you  may  have  to  stand  in  the  open  air  for  some  time  before 
you  are  assigned  to  quarters.  You  would  better  come  with  me  for  a 
minute.'  I  followed  him  and  was  soon  confronted  with  a  large  flask 
of  Kentucky  whiskey.  'Take  some  of  this,'  said  he,  'you  are  sick 
and  need  it.'  I  was  young  and  inexperienced  in  those  days,  and  mod 
estly  took  a  very  light  drink.  '  Here,'  said  the  Captain,  'I  asked  you 
to  take  a  drink  and  you  would  better  do  it.  It  will  probably  be  along 
time  before  you  receive  a  similar  invitation  from  any  one  else ;  and  you 
must  take  enough  to  brace  you  up  for  an  hour's  stand  in  the  cold.' 
He  was  in  command,  and,  of  course,  it  was  my  duty  as  a  soldier  to 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  949 

obey  orders.  I  did  so,  and  when  the  flask  was  returned  to  him  there 
was  a  twinkle  in  his  eye  which  seemed  to  say,  '  now  that  was  better ; 
that  really  was  very  well  done  for  a  chap  of  your  tender  years,'  and 
then  he  put  out  his  hand  with  a  cheery  good-bye  and  heartily  expressed 
a  wish  that  I  might  get  through  my  prison  life  and  the  war  all  right 
and  finally  get  back  to  my  friends  in  God's  country,  grand  old  Ken 
tucky,  the  only  State  in  the  Union  worth  living  in.  And  thus  we 
parted,  perhaps  forever.  I  know  not  whether  he  is  living  or  dead ; 
but,  wherever  he  is,  he  was  a  gentleman,  and  a  soldier  of  that  type 
which  has  made  the  name  of  Kentucky  illustrious  upon  a  hundred 
battlefields ;  and  may  God  bless  him  and  his  !  " 

III.  Fidelity  Commands  Respect.  — How  true  men  in  the  Fed 
eral  service  regarded  these  men  has  been  referred  to  in  the  account  of 
the  scene  at  Chattanooga.     Another  should  be  recorded.     While  they 
were  at  Rock  Island,  suffering  as  described,  and  tempted  while  suffer 
ing,  a  Federal  captain  wrote  to  one  of  them,  Johnson,  who  before  the 
war  was  a  student  of  his,  and  offered  his  services  to  have  him  released 
if  he  would  take  the  oath  of  allegiance.     The  young  man  replied, 
thanking  him,  but  rejecting  the  terms.  He  added:  "You  never  taught 
me  in  school  to  do  such  a  thing  as  you  know  propose,  but  to  be  hon 
orable,  truthful,  and  just.     How  can  I,  remembering  this,  swear  to 
support  the  government  you  represent  in  the  face  of  the  fact  that  I 
have  solemnly  sworn  to  support  another  government,  with  which  it  is 
at  war?     You  would  not  respect  me  if  I  did."     He  had  little  hope 
that  the  letter  would  reach  its  destination,  as  all  correspondence  had 
to  undergo  inspection  by  the  prison  authorities;  but  it  did;  and  when, 
after  the  war,  they  met,  the  teacher  took  him  cordially  by  both  hands 
and  said,  "  My  boy,  I  was  never  so  proud  of  you  as  when  I  read  that 
letter!" 

IV.  Faithful  Unto  Death. — Other  instances  of  unyielding  fidel 
ity  to  their  cause  occurred,  which  mark  the  actors  as  worthy  to  be 
included  in  that  roll  of  honor  which  ought  to  be  preserved  as  an  in 
spiration  to  future  generations  of  Kentuckians. 

This  one  has  in  it  the  element  of  pathos  as  well  as  heroism,  and 
ought  to  be  inscribed  on  the  stone  which  marks  the  resting-place  of 
the  noble  young  fellow.  J.  G.  Taylor  (Gip)  was  a  lieutenant  in  Co. 
F,  First  Cavalry,  till  the  summer  of  1862,  when  he  was  transferred  to 
Morgan'  command.  In  one  of  the  engagements  at  Cynthiana  he  was 
captured.  In  prison  he  became  so  seriously  ill  that  the  only  chance 
for  recovery  seemed  to  be  release  and  the  special  nursing  of  friends. 
The  only  chance  to  be  released  was  to  take  the  oath  of  allegiance  to 
the  power  he  had  volunteered  to  fight — in  other  words,  to  desert  his 
flag.  The  alternative  was  offered  him,  but  he  spurned  it  and  died 
there — true  to  himself  and  to  his  principles. 

V.  Capt.  John  \Vitt. — As  indicated  in  the  preceding  chapter,  this 
officer  was  a  brave  and  true  man  who  had  in  an  unusual  degree  the 
confidence  and  esteem  of  the  entire  regiment.    Lieut.  Joseph  Vincent, 
of  Co.  B,  gives  the  following  account  of  his  death  :   "At  Louisville, 
Ga. ,  our  gallant  Capt.  Witt  lost  his  life,  because  of  what  seemed  to 
me  unnecessary  daring.     Half  way  across  a  field  between  our  line  and 


950  •     HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

a  fence  along  which  Federal  soldiers  lay  thick,  was  a  fodder  stack, 
Capt.  Witt  expressed  the  belief  that  if  he  could  get  to  that  with  some 
of  his  men  he  could  fight  the  partially  concealed  enemy  with  more 
effect.  I  had  just  come  from  a  point  at  the  right  of  line  from  which 
they  could  be  plainly  seen,  and  I  advised  him  not  to  try  it — explaining 
what  I  had  discovered.  But  he  went,  and  never  came  back." 

Another  account  says  that  Homer  Hill  attempted  to  bring  him  out 
after  he  was  shot,  but  was  killed  in  the  act. 

VI.  The  Killing  of  John  Hanlon. — At  Noonday  Church  (or 
Noonday  Creek,  as  some  designate  the  place  where  the  fighting  oc 
curred),  the  First  Kentucky  had  a  brief  skirmish,  and  John  Hanlon, 
a  good  soldier,  lost  his  life  rather  because  of  reckless  courage  than  of 
necessity.  An  officer  of  the  regiment  wrote  of  this  incident  as  fol 
lows :  "When  we  came  upon  the  enemy,  Capt.  George  Beckley  took 
part  of  Co.  B  and  went  to  the  right  of  the  road;  and  with  the  other 
part  I  went  to  the  left;  but  as  it  turned  out,  there  was  but  little  fight 
ing  for  us.  John  Hanlon  was  wounded,  however,  and  died  soon 
afterward.  He  disobeyed  my  order  not  to  expose  himself  needlessly. 
He  was  so  eager  to  shoot  at  a  man  on  a  white  horse  that  he  could  not 
be  restrained  from  making  himself  a  prominent  mark,  and  so  got  his 
death-wound. "  This  man  on  the  white  horse  is  reported  to  have  been  a 
Federal  officer  who  invariably  rode  along  in  front  of  his  men  when 
ever  they  were  formed  for  battle,  conspicuous  on  his  fine  white 
charger — the  same  one,  we  suppose,  of  whom  Dyer  says  that  the 
Confederates  tried  for  a  while,  on  different  days,  to  kill  him  but  failed, 
and  soon  agreed  among  themselves  that  the  gallant  rider  of  "  Old 
Whitey  "  shouldn't  be  hurt.  He  was  so  brave  and  evidently  cool  that 
he  challenged  their  admiration. 

The  gentleman  quoted  with  respect  to  the  Noonday  affair  speaks  of 
the  Fifth  Georgia  Cavalry  as  being  new  to  the  business,  though  the 
war  was  then  in  its  fourth  year,  and  though  brave  enough,  lacked  the 
training  and  steadiness  necessary  to  stand  up  to  Sherman's  veterans. 
He  says  the  Kentuckians  called  the  regiment  (then  as  big  as  the  entire 
Kentucky  Brigade)  the  "Five  Georgia."  We  quote  him:  "At 
Noonday,  the  'Five  Georgia'  went  in  as  game  as  any  fellows  you  ever 
saw ;  but  pretty  soon  they  got  confused  and  a  lot  of  them  were  thrown 
from  their  horses.  As  I  recollect,  none  of  them  were  shot,  but  every 
man  as  he  came  back  declared  that  he  was  the  only  one  left !  " 

VII.  Capture  and  Recapture  of  First  Kentucky  Men  in 
Battle. — Reference  is  made  in  the  preceding  chapter  to  the  taking  of 
several  of  the  First  Cavalry  during  the  battle  of  July  22,  1864,  and 
their  rescue  by  comrades  before  the  enemy  could  get  away  with  them. 
Lieut.  Joseph  Vincent,  of  Co.  B,  gives  this  account  of  the  incident : 
"  We  drove  the  Federals  through  Decatur  and  were  then  ordered  to 
the  hill  on  which  Maj.  Wash  McCauley  had  been  killed;  but  we  went 
on  the  opposite  side  of  the  road  and  had  gotten  four  or  five  hundred 
yards  to  the  right.  When  the  mistake  was  discovered  we  were  ordered 
back  double  quick,  and  when  we  got  to  the  hill  our  pickets  were  firing 
across  the  creek  at  the  enemy.  In  getting  back,  the  men  became 
somewhat  scattered,  those  with  best  wind  going  ahead  of  the  others. 
In  the  meantime  the  enemy  had  eluded  our  pickets  and  gotten  right  in 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  951 

their  rear,  not  more  than  fifty  yards  away.  The  underbrush  was  very 
thick,  and  six  or  eight  Federal  soldiers  had  come  forward  of  the  com 
pany,  and  as  our  boys  went  ahead  in  their  scattered  condition,  they 
were  picked  up  one  at  a  time  on  entering  the  thick  wood.  I  remem 
ber  a  few  of  them  only;  as,  Sunny  Payne  (our  adjutant),  A.  M.  Head, 
Dr.  Morton,  J.  H.  Hancock,  and  Phil  Pointer. 

"  When  I  got  into  the  trap  I  saw  our  boys  and  the  Federals  stand 
ing  together  quietly,  and  one  of  the  latter  said  that  we  were  prisoners. 
I  told  him  that  I  guessed  not,  as  I  reached  for  a  pistol  which  I  had  not 
taken  from  the  scabbard,  and  proposed  to  show  who  were  prisoners; 
but  the  muzzles  of  two  Enfields  in  Federal  hands  were  put  within  about 
two  feet  of  my  head,  and  I  very  readily  acknowledged  that  they  had 
me.  Looking  around,  I  saw  fourteen  or  fifteen  of  our  men  not  far 
off,  while  the  Federals  who  had  us  in  charge  numbered  not  more  than 
seven.  Then  a  quarrel  began  as  to  which  party  were  prisoners,  but 
they  persuaded  me  with  their  guns  again.  They  had  already  disarmed 
me.  I  then  told  them  that  they  would  better  take  us  out,  and  showed 
them  that  our  men  to  whom  I  have  alluded  were  forming  for  a  fight, 
while  some  of  theirs,  concealed  by  the  woods,  were  giving  orders  of 
like  purport,  and  they  began  to  move  off.  I  was  watching  for  a  chance 
to  make  a  break,  and  as  I  did  not  go  as  straight  as  they  wished  they  began 
to  make  trouble,  and  I  to  explain  that  I  was  merely  rounding  instead 
of  going  over  a  big  log;  but  I  thought  I  had  an  opportunity  and  sprang 
away,  making  a  few  crooked  jumps,  and  so  escaped.  I  hurried  to 
Capt.  Johnson  and  Capt.  Witt,  who  had  halted  with  the  remainder  of 
the  regiment  in  the  edge  of  a  wood.  Hat  in  hand  I  rushed  up  gestic 
ulating  and  begging  them  to  charge  the  enemy  who  had  our  boys. 
Telling  me  to  lead  them  in  the  right  direction,  they  and  their  men 
raised  a  yell  and  went  at  them  ;  and  in  a  few  moments  we  had  rescued 
our  comrades  and  captured  the  enemy  who  had  them.  I  caught  the 
fellow  who  had  my  pistol,  and  so  got  that  again. 

"  The  coolest  and  most  daring  act  of  the  whole  affair  was  that  of 
Phil  Pointer.  When  he  got  into  the  underbrush,  as  I  have  explained 
above,  and  saw  that  it  was  a  fight  against  odds  or  immediate  capture, 
he  deliberately  raised  his  rifle,  the  muzzle  within  two  feet  of  a  Federal 
soldier,  and  pulled  trigger,  but  the  gun  snapped.  He  promptly 
threw  it  down  and  was  allowed  to  surrender,  so  all  escaped  harm ;  but 
if  he  had  killed  his  man  some  or  all  of  us  who  were  near  him  would 
doubtless  have  also  been  killed  on  the  spot." 


952  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 


CHAPTER  V. 

1865. 

Gen.  Sherman  left  Savannah,  Jan.  22,  1865,  on  his  march  through 
the  Carolinas,  some  of  his  troops  having  previously  crossed  the  river. 
Others  followed  within  a  few  days,  and  by  February  ist  the  movement 
in  force  was  begun  in  earnest. 

The  First  Kentucky  had  waited  and  watched  along  the  north  bank 
for  more  than  a  month,  making  what  preparation  it  could  for  a  cam 
paign  that  proved  to  be  its  last.  It  was  part  of  the  force  placed  in 
front  of  the  Federal  army  to  impede  its  progress  and  prevent  it  from 
spreading  out  laterally  and  laying  waste  a  vast  extent  of  country. 

For  the  Confederacy  there  appeared  to  be  now  scarcely  a  ray  of 
hope ;  but  these  men  endured  hardship  and  met  danger  with  as  much 
spirit  and  constancy  as  though  every  day  promised  ultimate  triumph 
instead  of  irretrievable  disaster.  Whatever  untoward  fate  might  come 
upon  the  cause  which  they  had  championed,  one  thing  stood  as  in 
dubitable  as  destiny — it  was  not  to  come  because  of  failure  on  the  part 
of  the  Kentuckians  to  do  their  whole  duty. 

Hood  had  brought  back  the  remnants  of  his  broken  army  to  join 
Hardee ;  Gen.  Wade  Hampton  was  in  the  field  with  all  the  mounted 
troops  that  could  be  spared  from  Virginia  or  obtained  elsewhere,  to 
assist  in  resisting  the  invasion  of  his  native  State ;  and  that  splendid 
soldier,  Joseph  E.  Johnston,  was  soon  recalled  to  the  chief  command, 
like  Phocion,  in  this  hour  of  the  country's  great  distress ;  but  the 
strength  of  these  combined  forces  was  too  small  to  stay  materially  the 
on-moving  host,  flushed  with  the  pride  of  past  achievements  and  buoy 
ant  with  the  hope  of  an  early  termination  of  the  mighty  struggle. 

The  experience  of  the  Kentucky  Brigade,  still  under  Wheeler,  dur 
ing  the  next  two  months,  was  but  a  repetition  on  a  new  field  of  that  of 
1864.  Whenever  a  stream  was  to  be  crossed,  Gen.  Sherman  found 
these  men  in  his  front;  his  pickets,  videttes,  and  scouting  parties  were 
captured  or  run  in,  day  and  night ;  and  his  foraging  forces  had  to 
fight,  however  cautiously  they  might  move  and  in  whatever  strength 
they  might  be  found  ;  while  his  cavalry  were  compelled  to  guard  with 
almost  sleepless  vigilance  every  approach  to  his  flanks  or  rear  to  pre 
vent  surprise  and  sudden  assault  on  his  main  columns. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  953 

By  February  i5th,  the  enemy  had  reached  the  vicinity  of  Columbia, 
and  that  night  the  rearguard  of  the  Confederate  Cavalry  crossed  the 
Congaree,  below  the  city,  and  the  Federal  forces  of  all  arms  were  well 
up  in  the  vicinity,  ready  to  force  their  way  over  the  Congaree  and 
Broad  Rivers  and  take  possession  of  the  proud  capital  where  the  first 
formal  step  in  the  provisional  establishment  of  the  Confederate  Gov 
ernment  was  taken  in  1860.  Here  the  Kentuckians  had  a  more  than 
usually  desperate  and  thrilling  experience,  which  is  thus  related  by 
Lieut.  Milford  Overley,  of  the  Ninth  Kentucky  Cavalry,  in  his  graphic 
papers  entitled  "Sherman's  March  through  the  Carolinas"  : 

' '  The  Confederate  Cavalry  crossed  the  Congaree  at  Columbia, 
burning  the  bridge  behind  them.  Breckinridge's  brigade  passed 
through  the  city  and  on  to  Broad  River,  which  they  crossed,  camping 
in  the  angle  formed  by  the  Saluda  and  the  Broad.  On  the  following 
day,  Feb.  16,  Howard's  advance  crossed  the  Saluda  and  attacked  the 
Kentuckians.  A  rattling  fight  ensued,  the  latter  holding  their  own 
against  a  greatly  superior  force,  until  pushed  back  by  the  very  weight 
of  numbers.  Broad  River  was  immediately  in  the  rear  of,  and  paral 
lel  with  their  line  of  battle.  The  Kentuckians  were  mounted  infantry  ; 
were  armed  with  Enfield  rifles;  and  did  their  fighting  on  foot,  every 
fifth  man  holding  the  horses.  On  this  occasion,  in  anticipation  of 
just  what  did  happen,  the  horses  were  sent  across  the  river  early  in  the 
action. 

' '  The  bridge  was  a  long,  wooden  structure,  covered,  the  sides 
weatherboarded,  and  a  partition  extending  its  entire  length,  dividing 
it  into  two  passways — one  for  footmen ;  the  other  for  vehicles  and 
stock.  It  had  been  prepared  for  the  torch,  which,  unfortunately,  was 
applied  too  soon.  The  men  in  the  center  of  the  line  were  the  first  to 
enter  the  bridge,  the  line  doubling  as  it  went  in.  They  crossed  in 
safety;  but  those  at  the  extremities  of  the  line  were  less  fortunate.  It 
was  in  flames,  and  the  enemy  were  only  a  few  rods  distant,  firing  into 
the  entrance.  The  situation  was  extremely  perilous.  The  Confed 
erates  had  either  to  surrender  or  run  the  fiery  gauntlet.  They  chose 
the  latter,  and,  with  yells  of  defiance  at  the  enemy,  who  were  calling 
upon  them  to  surrender,  dashed  into  the  bridge,  and  on  through  the 
fire  and  smoke  and  '  biz  '  of  balls,  nerves  and  muscles  strained  to  the 
utmost  capacity  of  endurance.  It  was  a  race  for  life,  with  odds 
against  the  soldiers.  Almost  suffocated  with  smoke  and  heat,  some 
staggered  and  fell,  then  rose  again,  and  with  the  energy  of  desperation, 
blindly  rushed  on.  At  length  the  end  was  reached;  the  race  was  won, 
the  men  dashing  out  through  a  solid  sheet  of  flames. 

"  About  fifty  of  the  Kentuckians  were  burned,  some  very  seriously, 
but  none  fatally.  The  hands  of  several  were  so  badly  burned  they 


954  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

could  not  feed  themselves ;  the  faces  and  necks  of  others  burned  in 
blisters.  A  few  came  out  of  the  bridge  with  blood  flowing  from  their 
nostrils,  caused  by  the  suffocating  heat  and  smoke  and  their  own  des 
perate  exertions." 

Dyer,  in  his  interesting  •'  Reminiscences  of  the  First  Cavalry," 
gives  this  account  of  it :  "At  nightfall  the  brigade  crossed  the  Con- 
garee  on  a  pontoon  below  the  city,  going  through  and  recrossing  above 
on  a  double  bridge,  camping  about  midnight  two  miles  out  on  the 
Atlanta  road.  Early  next  morning  the  enemy  advanced,  and  we, 
sending  our  horses  back  across  the  bridge,  formed  in  the  woods  on  the 
left  of  the  bridge  and  made  ready  to  meet  him.  The  extreme  left  was 
fully  a  half  mile  from  the  bridge,  with  the  right  reaching  the  road 
leading  from  it.  The  First  Kentucky  was  on  the  left  and  our  com 
pany  (G)  near  the  left  of  the  regiment.  To  the  right  of  the  road, 
Col.  Goode's  Confederates  held  the  line,  and  were  also  in  charge  of 
the  bridge,  which  they  had  prepared  to  burn,  in  case  we  were  unable 
to  hold  it. 

"  A  description  of  the  bridge  and  the  preparation  for  its  destruction 
may  assist  my  readers  in  forming  a  correct  idea  of  our  experience  on 
this  occasion.  It  was  four  hundred  feet  long,  double  track,  three 
rows  of  braces,  sided  (weatherboarded)  and  built  entirely  of  Southern 
yellow  pine.  From  end  to  end,  pine  faggots  and  raw  cotton,  saturated 
with  turpentine,  were  interwoven  between  the  braces  sides  and 
middle. 

' '  A  fire  was  kept  burning  at  the  north  end  of  the  bridge,  guarded  by 
a  detail  of  four  men,  who  had  a  pile  of  fodder  convenient.  Their 
orders  were  :  '  When  the  last  man  gets  into -the  bridge,  light  a  bundle 
of  fodder  and  set  her  off.' 

"The  first  advance  was  made  on  our  front,  which  we  repulsed. 
While  waiting  for  another  attack  we  heard  a  few  shots  on  the  right  of 
the  road,  and  then  for  a  few  minutes  all  was  quiet.  We  were  trying 
to  account  for  the  sudden  change  when  the  order  was  passed  down  our 
line,  'by  the  right  flank,  by  fours,  double  quick,  march.'  Although 
a  surprise,  we  hastened  to  obey,  and  the  further  we  went  the  faster  we 
ran — hurried  on  by  our  officers,  who  seemed  to  be  anxious  to  get 
away,  as  well  they  might  be,  for  when  we  arrived  at  the  bridge  we 
found  that  the  Confederates  had  crossed  and  fired  it,  and  it  had  the 
appearance  of  a  hollow  tube  of  fire  from  one  end  to  the  other.  The 
Yankees  had  gained  possession  of  the  bluff  above  the  bridge,  and  the 
river  bank  below  it,  and  poured  Minnie  balls  into  roof  and  sides  like 
a  hail  storm;  but  we  risked  it,  and  rushed  through,  and  strange  to 
say,  although  bullets  and  splinters  flew  thick  around,  not  a  man  was 
wounded,  but  all  were  nearly  suffocated  and  badly  scorched,  and  ten 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN*  BRIGADE.  955 

or  fifteen  of  the  boys,  who  stumbled  and  fell,  got  hands  and  faces  so 
badly  burned  that  they  had  to  go  to  the  hospital." 

An  officer  of  Co.  B,  First  Cavalry,  thinks  that  his  company  was  on 
the  extreme  left  of  the  regiment  when  it  was  formed  for  the  attack 
that  morning.  At  any  rate,  the  company  was  so  late  in  getting  the 
order  to  retreat  that  was  passed  down  the  line,  that  when  it  started,  it 
seemed  to  be  almost  alone,  and  when,  moving  straight  for  the  Atlanta 
road,  it  came  in  sight  of  it,  the  enemy  had  already  gotten  to  that  point. 
Making  a  rapid  detour  through  the  woods  toward  the  river,  and  over 
some  obstructions,  they  reached  the  bridge;  "but,"  he  says,  "if  Col. 
Breckinridge  and  his  gallant  fellows  had  not  held  the  road  a  little 
south  of  us  and  kept  firing  as  long  as  they  did  we  should  have  been 
cut  off."  All  accessible  accounts  of  the  affair  indicate  that  some  men 
of  several  companies  of  the  regiment  were  mingled  when  they  reached 
the  tube  of  fire,  and  that  Gen.  Wheeler  was  himself  still  south  of  it 
and  was  assisted  by  them  in  forcing  his  horse  into  the  flames  and 
smoke.  It  is  remembered  that  John  Wisotzki,  of  Co.  B,  was  almost 
on  the  point  of  falling  from  exhaustion,  but  Lieut.  Vincent  took  his 
rifle  and  so  helped  him  to  pull  through;  that  the  hat  of  Lieut.  Pope, 
Co.  D,  was  on  fire  when  he  reached  the  open  ground,  and  he  was 
severely  burned;  and  that  Wm.  T.  Ellis,  J.  E.  Miles,  and  A.  M. 
Head,  First  Kentucky,  and  Robert  McGowan,  Ninth  Kentucky,  were 
also  burned — some  of  them  pretty  badly. 

Forming  along  the  river,  Wheeler  made  dispositions  to  prevent  the 
Federal  army  from  laying  pontoons  and  moving  directly  on  Columbia. 
He  withdrew  at  night,  when  relieved  by  infantry,  and  bivouacked 
some  miles  out ;  but  by  next  morning  Sherman  had  succeeded  in 
crossing  part  of  his  force,  and  the  cavalry  began  anew  its  varied 
duty — the  details  of  which  need  not  be  given.  The  city  was  surren 
dered  on  the  iyth,  by  the  mayor  (for  there  was  no  military  power  in 
charge),  and  that  night  it  was  burned  in  sight  of  a  scout  detailed  from 
the  First  Kentucky. 

From  Columbia,  S.  C.,  to  Bentonville,  N.  C.,  for  a  month,  the  Con 
federates  were  forced  back,  a  distance  of  less  than  two  hundred  miles, 
direct;  and  for  the  Kentuckians  there  was  little  of  either  rest  or 
safety.  At  the  latter  place  (March  19,  1865),  they  took  part  in  the 
last  serious  conflict  between  Johnston  and  SHerman.  This  failed  of 
decisive  advantage  to  the  Confederates,  though  under  their  old  leader, 
Johnston,  they  fought  so  splendidly  that  the  enemy  could  not  make 
head  against  them,  and  nightfall  found  them  still  in  his  front.  After  a 
ft -w  days,  during  which  Sherman  operated  with  unusual  caution,  and 
got  all  his  troops  well  concentrated,  giving  him  vast  numerical  odds, 
Johnston  withdrew  to  Raleigh,  thence  soon  after  to  Greensboro'. 


•956  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

There  were  occasional  minor  conflicts  at  various  points,  but  nothing  of 
marked  importance  occurred. 

From  Virginia,  however,  came  the  intelligence  that  Lee  had  surren 
dered  (April  pth)  to  Grant,  and  President  Davis,  with  his  family  and 
some  members  of  his  cabinet,  came  to  Greensboro'.  Before  negotia 
tions  began  for  the  surrender  of  the  army  in  North  Carolina,  a  call  was 
made  for  a  cavalry  escort  for  the  President  and  his  party,  and,  as  is 
understood,  Gen.  John  C.  Breckinridge,  then  Secretary  of  War, 
requested  that  the  Kentucky  Cavalry  Brigade  and  one  of  Ten- 
neseeans  under  Debrell  be  assigned  to  this  duty.  "And  now,"  says 
one  conversant  with  the  facts  and  with  the  temper  of  the  men,  "the 
old  First  Kentucky  was  ready  to  accompany  him  and  rally  about  the 
Southern  Cross  wherever  he  might  set  it  up." 

At  Charlotteville,  where  the  party  halted,  they  were  joined  by  Gen. 
Duke,  with  some  of  the  men  whom  he  had  commanded  since  Morgan's 
death.  Here  the  President  learned  that  Gen.  Johnston  had  concluded 
to  accept  Sherman's  terms,  as  modified  by  Gen.  Grant;  and  he  pro 
ceeded  to  Abbeville,  S.  C.,  where  the  last  cabinet  meeting  was  held. 

Prominent  among  the  few  troops  that  still  kept  their  organization 
and  accompanied  the  president  across  the  Savannah  was  the  First 
Kentucky.  It  continued  with  him  for  some  time  after  his  party  had 
broken  up  and  each  had  taken  his  several  way;  and  it  left  him  only 
after  it  appeared  that  remaining  longer  would  tend  rather  to  his  disad 
vantage  than  to  his  safety,  as  it  was  not  strong  enough  to  contend  with 
the  Federal  cavalry  that  was  gathering  in  great  force  for  the  pursuit. 

When  it  repaired  to  Washington,  Ga. ,  for  final  surrender,  the  Fed 
eral  officer  assigned  to  the  duty  of  receiving  it,  demanded  that  horses, 
side-arms,  and  personal  effects  be  given  up — contrary  to  terms  prom 
ised  by  Gen.  Sherman.  To  this,  as  one  account  (regarded  as  authentic) 
has  it,  Col.  Breckinridge  refused  to  accede  in  behalf  of  the  brigade, 
and  referred  him  to  the  men  themselves.  Before  the  matter  was  ad 
justed,  the  First  Kentucky  moved  off  towards  Athens,  preferring  to 
take  chances;  but  they  were  presently  overtaken  and  assured  that  the 
Sherman-Johnston  agreement  should  be  respected;  whereupon  they 
yielded  (May  10,  1865) ;  but,  meanwhile,  a  part  of  the  command  had 
come  upon  a  body  of  Federal  cavalry,  which,  through  mere  force  of 
habit  or  because  of  anger  and  desperation,  they  charged  and  routed. 
For  this,  such  participants  as  had  been  allowed  to  retain  their  side- 
arms,  were  punished  next  morning  by  having  them  taken  away. 

All  made  their  way  to  Chattanooga,  and  were  sent  thence  to  Nash 
ville.  They  finally  reached  home,  having  experienced  at  the  hands 
of  provosts  and  their  subalterns,  who  occupied  bomb-proof  positions 
at  the  above-named  posts,  some  treatment  wholly  inconsistent  with  the 


CAPT.  W.  J.  TAYLOR. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  957 

terms  upon  which  they  had  surrendered,  and  in  strong  contrast  with 
that  given  them  by  the  honorable  soldiers  who  had  fronted  them  on 
many  fields. 

But  they  had  been  true,  under  fiery  trials,  to  themselves  and  to  the 
traditions  of  a  martial  people.  In  the  language  of  a  survivor  who  had 
a  just  pride  in  their  record,  and  who  wrote  of  them  afterward  :  "  The 
First  Kentucky  did  its  duty,  in  and  out  of  prison.  It  was  true  to  its 
colors  under  all  circumstances.  And  to-day  I  know  none  of  its  mem 
bers  who  would  not  be  as  true  to  the  flag  of  the  Union,  should  any 
foreign  power  assail  us,  as  they  were  to  that  under  which  they  fought 
and  failed." 


INCIDENTS    AND    ANECDOTES. 

I.  A  Desperate  Encounter. — Among  the  incidents  that  illus 
trate  in  a  striking  way  the  steady  gallantry  of  individuals,  one  in  which 
the  participants  were  Capt.  W.  J.  Taylor,  Sergt.  Jas.  H.  Bozarth,  and 
Private  Walter  McDaniel,  all  of  Co.  A,  deserves  to  be  recorded. 

In  the  spring  of  1865  all  the  Kentucky  regiments,  infantry  and  cav 
alry,  had  become  so  depleted  by  casualties  in  battle,  by  disease,  and 
by  loss  of  captives  still  detained  in  prison,  that  the  authorities  gave 
them  the  only  opportunity  to  recruit  which  was  then  open  to  them. 
Commands  to  which  the  homes  of  their  men  were  easily  accessible  re 
ceived  the  new  enlistments  from  their  respective  States ;  the  Kentucky 
regiments  whose  service  was  wholly  below  their  southern  boundary 
acquired  no  appreciable  additions  at  any  time,  as  most  of  those  who 
took  service  after  Bragg  withdrew  from  Kentucky  in  October,  1862, 
connected  themselves  with  Morgan.  This  was  not  only  most  conven 
ient  to  them,  but  the  fame  of  this  dashing  and  enterprising  leader  and 
his  troopers  naturally  attracted  them. 

Toward  the  last  of  February,  1865,  the  gentlemen  above  named 
with  some  others  received  from  Richmond  a  ninety-day  furlough  for 
the  purpose  of  raising  recruits  for  the  thin  ranks  of  the  First  Cavalry. 
Of  the  one  thousand  to  fifteen  hundred  men  who  had  enrolled  them 
selves  in  its  ranks,  less  than  three  hundred  now  remained,  and  to  the 
everlasting  honor  of  the  regiment  it  should  be  known  that  an  examina 
tion  of  all  the  muster-rolls  accessible  disclose  that  but  a  handful  had 
deserted.  The  First  Kentucky  compares  favorably  in  this  respect,  as 
^vell  as  others,  with  the  very  best  in  the  service. 

Taylor,  Bozarth,  and  McDaniel,  after  a  long  and  arduous  journey 
from  Charlotte,  N.  C.,  reached  Daveiss  County  on  the  4th  of  April. 
The  season  was  unusually  rainy  and  the  streams  were  so  swollen  that 
they  could  cross  even  ordinarily  insignificant  ones  only  by  swimming 
their  horses — the  bridges  and  boats  being  either  destroyed  or  guarded 
by  Federal  soldiers.  They  had  been  almost  continuously  in  country 
occupied  by  the  enemy,  but  they  had  skillfully  avoided  outposts  and 
traveling  scouts,  and  got  home  safe  and  unobserved. 

A  stay  of  twenty-four  hours  among  their  friends  convinced  them  that 


•958  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

their  errand  would  be  fruitless.  The  people  had  come  to  believe  that 
the  struggle  was  hopeless,  and  few  were  ready  to  make  any  further 
sacrifices.  To  add  to  their  discouragement,  the  murderous  and  blood- 
guilty  Burbridge  was  in  command  in  Kentucky,  and  his  order  to  shoot 
as  spies  all  Confederate  soldiers  caught  here  was  in  force.  Having 
rested  about  a  week,  they  left  on  the  night  of  April  loth,  swam  Green 
River,  and  hid  themselves  in  the  hills  until  next  afternoon,  when  they 
proceeded  southward.  It  was  a  most  perilous  undertaking.  The  same 
difficulties  as  to  passing  water  courses  existed  as  on  their  homeward 
trip.  Capture  meant  almost  inevitable  murder.  Not  only  were  regu 
lar  troops  or  home  guards  watching  the  bridges  and  ferries,  but  they 
infested  the  woods  and  by-ways. 

On  the  evening  of  the  nth  they  reached  the  home  of  Dr.  R.  H. 
Davis,  a  friend,  on  the  Tradewater  River,  in  Hopkins  County.  Gath 
ering  what  information  he  could  give,  they  resumed  their  journey  early 
on  the  morning  of  the  i2th,  but  soon  found,  on  passing  a  farmhouse, 
that  they  were  discovered.  Armed  men  rushed  out  and  began  firing 
on  Bozarth  (who  had  fallen  a  little  in  the  rear),  but  without  effect,  and 
the  three  were  soon  in  rapid  flight  through  the  woods,  across  fields, 
along  by-paths,  seeking  to  get  beyond  the  observation  of  men  who 
seemed  to  spring  up  from  unsuspected  places,  like  Rhoderick  Dhu's  on 
the  road  to  Coilantogle  Ford,  and  in  such  odds  that  it  would  have  been 
madness  to  fight  them.  At  intervals  blue  uniforms  were  seen  on  this 
:side  and  that,  and  there  appeared  to  be  imminent  danger  that  the 
pursued  would  be  surrounded.  Thus  endangered  and  driven  from  a 
direct  course  they  became  sufficiently  confused  to  mistake  direction, 
and  about  ten  o'clock  in  the  forenoon  found  that  they  had  been  mov 
ing  almost  in  a  circle  and  were  near  the  identical  spot  from  which  the 
chase  began  in  the  morning.  They  were  at  the  mouth  of  a  lane  a 
quarter  mile  or  more  in  length.  A  cavalry  troop  was  known  to  be  in 
dangerous  proximity  behind  them,  and  home  guards  were  advancing 
on  foot  through  open  fields  on  each  side. 

The  alternative  of  surrendering  or  running  this  perilous  gauntlet 
was  before  them.  They  chose  the  latter,  then  spurred  their  jaded 
horses  and  dashed  forward  as  bullets  whistled  around  them  from  right, 
left,  and  rear.  Before  clearing  the  field  Capt.  Taylor  received  a 
severe  flesh  wound  in  one  leg,  but  kept  his  saddle.  The  mounted 
men  were  gaining  on  them,  and  they  saw  that  these  must  be  checked 
or  they  themselves  would  soon  be  either  captured  or  killed.  They 
formed  the  desperate  resolution  to  make  a  stand  and  give  battle. 
Turning  abruptly  through  a  passable  way  into  one  of  the  fields,  at  one 
side  of  which  was  a  bit  of  open  woods,  they  took  shelter  there  and 
faced  about  as  Taylor  exclaimed,  "  We  will  fight  them  here  !  "  They 
sat  with  drawn  revolvers  to  await  the  coming  of  their  pursuers  into 
close  range.  Six  well-mounted  men  dashed  in  open  order  upon  them. 
They  were  armed  with  carbines  and  pistols,  and  led  by  an  officer  of 
whose  gallant  bearing  his  three  foes  afterward  spoke  admiringly.  There 
was  no  confusion,  no  sign  of  retreat  on  either  side,  but  the  grim 
silence  was  suddenly  broken  by  a  crash  of  carbines  and  revolvers. 
When  it  ceased  there  were  six  empty  saddles.  Five  Federal  cavalry 
men  lay  dead  or  dying,  and  the  officer,  whose  horse  had  been  shot  under 
him,  stood  dismounted  and  mortally  wounded.  The  pursuers  were 


JAMES   II .  BOZARTH. 


,-x 

X"' :  v- 


WALTER   McDANIEL. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  959 

•either  too  much  excited  by  the  chase  or  they  lacked  skill,  for  the  three 
Kentuckians  were  untouched. 

This  stopped  the  pursuit.  The  three  men  proceeded  leisurely  the 
remainder  of  that  day  and  all  night,  and  at  daylight  next  morning 
reached  the  house  of  Robert  Lewis,  in  Daveiss  County,  having  ridden 
more  than  one  hundred  miles  in  twenty-four  hours,  and  made  one  of 
the  most  remarkable  fights  and  escapes  of  the  war. 

Here  Capt.  Taylor's  wound  was  dressed  by  Dr.  Samuel  Haynes, 
and  he  received  the  attention  necessary  to  a  speedy  recovery;  but  by 
this  time  it  was  known  that  Lee  had  surrendered,  which  was  generally 
understood  to  mean  that  the  war  was  over;  and  there  was  no  further 
effort  to  reach  the  Southern  armies,  except  on  the  part  of  Sergt. 
Bozarth,  who,  having  remained  some  time  with  his  wounded  captain, 
set  out  about  May  ist,  met  with  some  stirring  adventures,  and  nar 
rowly  escaped  being  killed,  but  at  length  reached  the  headquarters  of 
Gen.  Richard  Taylor,  at  Jackson,  Miss.,  where  he  learned  that  the 
troops  under  Johnston  had  also  laid  down  their  arms,  and  he  was 
forced  to  accept  the  conclusion  which  his  daring  comrades,  Taylor  and 
McDaniel,  had  reached  two  or  three  weeks  before.  Here  he  received, 
he  afterwards  said,  his  "  worst  shot  since  his  enlistment — the  reading 
of  Gen.  Taylor's  order  of  surrender." 

The  remarkable  fight  above  described  was  one  among  the  very  last 
that  took  place  during  the  war  between  regular  soldiers.  Its  result 
was  in  keeping  with  the  reputation  which  the  men  of  the  First  Ken 
tucky  had  established  for  intrepidity,  steadiness,  and  skill  in  action. 

• 

II.  In  the  Swamps  of  Salkiehatchie. — The  personal  expe 
rience  of  two  members  of  Co.  G,  in  connection  with  the  stand  made 
by  the  First  Regiment  at  a  causeway  illustrates  not  only  a  phase  of 
soldier  life,  but  how  audacity  may  extricate  men  from  difficulty. 

The  furious  fire  poured  upon  the  command  aligned  across  the  road 
was  ineffective,  except  that  at  the  first  volley  John  Will  Dyer's 
horse  and  Lewis  Wall's  mule  were  killed.  When  the  men  still  on 
horseback  turned  about  to  charge  through  the  line  forming  their 
rear,  these  two  sought  refuge  in  the  swamp  and  escaped  observa 
tion.  About  sundown,  when  the  last  of  Sherman's  army  had  filed  by 
the  point  at  which  Dyer  sat  watching  them  from  his  position  among 
the  mosquitoes  and  the  creeping  things  in  the  water,  he  crawled  out 
and  started  in  the  direction  the  regiment  had  taken  and  was  presently 
joined  by  Wall.  To  reach  their  command  necessitated  either  passing 
tiirough  the  Federal  army  or  flanking  it.  They  adopted  the  dangerous 
(  ourse.  Keeping  in  hiding,  after  they  came  in  sight  of  the  Federal 
(  olumn,  until  it  went  into  camp,  took  supper,  and  was  apparently 
asleep,  the  venturesome  young  Kentuckians  bore  their  guns  at  a  right- 
shoulder-shift,  took  step,  and  marched  boldly  through  the  bivouac  of 
the  enemy,  with  the  air  of  a  detail  moving  off  on  duty.  Traveling 
tiie  remainder  of  the  night  they  came  up  with  the  regiment,  about 
sunrise,  ready  to  move.  Dyer,  to  whom  I  am  indebted  for  the  circum 
stance,  naively  adds  that  though  they  were  mortally  hungry  while 
among  those  sleeping  Federals,  and  the  "air  was  redolent  of  fried 
ham  and  coffee,"  they  abstained  from  appropriating  haversacks.  This 
indicates  a  fine  sense  of  old  Kentucky  honesty  under  severe  tempta- 


960  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

tion — or  perhaps  the  boys  had  a  lively  feeling  as  to  the  importance  of 
"  saving  their  own  bacon.  The  reader  can  put  his  own  construction 
on  the  matter. 

III.  They  "Would  Know  Him  in  the  Dark.— It  is  maintained 
that  Tom  Richards'  style  of  bugle  blowing,  referred  to  elsewhere,  was 
so  peculiarly  his  own  that  to  this  day  if  he  should  sound  his  calls  in  the 
old  way  within  hearing  of  men  of  the  First,  even  in  unexpected  places 
and  out  of  sight,  they  would  instantly  recognize  him.    Col.  Chenoweth 
told   of   a  circumstance   which   corroborates   the   impression.      Many 
years  after  the  war,  while  on  a  visit  to  Kentucky,  he  took  his  seat  in 
the  old  Concord  coach  at  Nicholasville  for  Harrodsburg,  when  sud 
denly  he  heard  "boots  and  saddles."     He  jumped  to  his  feet,  ejacu 
lating,  "Tom  Richards!  "     And  sure  enough,  there  was  Tom.     Hav 
ing  caught  sight  of  his  old  major,  he  had  crawled  upon  the  coach  over 
the  boot  and  gotten  the  driver's  bugle,  with  which  he  was  filling  the 
town  with  unfamiliar  echoes,  except  perhaps  to  his  own  and  Cheno 
weth' s  ears ;  but  to  the  latter  they  were  the  thrilling  tones  of  a  friend 
and  comrade  coming  unexpectedly  out  of  a  stirring  period  now  long 
past. 

IV.  Adjutant    Payne,    the    Genial    and    Well-Beloved.— 
Speaking  of  some  of  his   comrades,   Col.   Chenoweth  says  :    ' '  With 
Sunny   Payne    (sunny   by   name   and    nature),    Tom   Richards,   Tom 
Jones,  Jeff  Rogers,  and  other  glorious  spirits  of  the  First  Kentucky, 
around  a  winter's   camp-fire,  more  jolly  fun  could  be  squeezed  into  a 
few   hours  than   I    had   previously    '  dreamed  of  in   my  philosophy.' 
Poor,  dear,  glorious  Payne  !     He  was  murdered  in  cold  blood  by  a 
villainous  Federal  soldier,  after  the  war.     Please  do  not  forget  him. 
He  had  the  happiest,  sunniest  nature  I  have  ever  known." 

V.  Phil   Pointer. — In  a  letter  to  us,  relative  to  the  Jug  Tavern 
fight,   Col.  Breckinridge  says  :   "  Will   Ellis,   and   Phil  Pointer  (now 
dead)   particularly    distinguished    themselves."     The   gentleman   first 
named  is  the  Hon.  Wm.  T.  Ellis,  of  Owensboro,  and  he  has  this  to 
say  of  his  gallant  comrade  : 

' '  Phil  Pointer  was  regarded  as  one  of  the  bravest  and  best  young 
men  in  the  First  Cavalry.  At  Jug  Tavern  he  and  myself  were  in 
Breckinridge's  advance  guard,  and  when  we  came  upon  the  enemy, 
just  after  the  first  gray  dawn  of  morning,  Pointer  led  the  first  charge 
on  his  pickets,  and  was  in  the  very  forefront  of  that  remarkable  and 
brilliant  episode  until  the  last  enemy  was  captured  or  sent  flying  before 
us.  When  some  three  hundred  or  more  of  them  and  four  hundred  or 
more  of  their  horses  had  been  captured  and  we  were  pressing  them 
furiously,  something  like  a  hundred  of  their  cavalry,  which  was  more 
than  double  as  many  men  as  we  then  had  in  action,  and  who  were 
farthest  away  from  our  first  point  of  attack,  had  succeeded  in  saddling 
their  horses,  and  had  formed  in  line  of  battle  to  resist  us.  It  was  a 
well  formed  line.  There  was  no  evidence  of  a  panic  or  disposition  for 
a  retreat  as  far  as  appearances  indicated.  We  had  but  about  eighty 
men  in  that  engagement  to  start  with.  Some  of  these  were  killed,  and 
others  were  wounded,  while  others  had  been  detailed  to  guard  or  try 
to  guard  the  large  number  of  prisoners  we  had  already  captured. 
When  we  came  upon  this  line  of  the  enemy's  cavalry,  which  stood 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  961 

ready  to  oppose  us,  the  situation  was  critical  in  the  extreme.  Breck- 
inridge  could  not  muster  exceeding  forty  men  at  that  moment,  and  the 
indications  were  that  we  would  lose,  not  only  the  triumph  we  had 
achieved,  but  would  ourselves  be  made  prisoners.  At  that  moment 
Phil  Pointer  again  dashed  to  the  front.  He  was  a  beardless  boy  and 
as  handsome  as  a  woman.  Standing  up  in  his  saddle  stirrups,  he  shouted 
to  Col.  Breckinridge  to  charge  them  again — that  victory  would  be 
ours.  Breckinridge  acted  on  the  soldier  boy's  advice,  and  a  fierce 
charge  was  on  in  a  second,  with  Phil  Pointer  in  the  very  forefront  of 
it.  The  little  sergeant  was  right.  The  enemy's  line  broke  and  fled  in- 
gloriously.  All  that  remained  to  us  after  that  was  to  pick  up  as  many 
more  prisoners  as  possible,  and  try  to  hold  them  after  we  had  them." 

VI.  Some  Remarkable  War  Horses — (a)  Yeager. — The  pic 
ture  fronting  this  represents  Lieut.  S.  D.  Brooks's  charger  in  his  old  age, 
taken  a  short  time  before  he  died.  He  had  lost  the  fine  proportions 
and  the  attractive  appearance  of  youth,  but  by  no  means  his  martial 
fire,  for  he  was,  so  to  speak,  a  soldier  to  the  day  of  his  death. 

He  was  one  of  the  serviceable  horses  captured  with  Stoneman's  men 
when  his  great  raid  on  Hood's  communications  (July  ay-Aug.  3,  1864,) 
was  broken  up.  In  the  distribution,  Yeager  fell  to  Brooks.  In  color, 
he  was  light  brown  or  chestnut — mane  and  tail  somewhat  lighter  than 
his  body.  It  was  ascertained  that  he  was  then  eleven  years  old ;  that 
he  was  reared  near  Lexington,  Ky.:  and  was  a  direct  descendant  of 
old  Wagoner,  and  was  also  of  racing  breed  on  the  dam's  side.  It  was 
soon  developed  that  he  was  sufficiently  fleet  of  foot  to  distance  horses 
of  other  commands  that  had  the  reputation  of  racers,  and  the  boys  of 
the  First  embraced  an  occasional  opportunity  to  steal  him  out  and  win 
with  him.  When  it  was  necessary  for  his  master  to  extricate  himself 
irom  a  dangerous  place,  Yeager  could  show  a  clean  pair  of  heels  on 
short  notice  and  save  him  from  capture.  He  was  unusually  intelligent, 
and  though  spirited,  was  gentle  and  perfectly  trustworthy. 

Brooks  rode  him  during  the  remainder  of  the  war ;  then  managed  to 
retain  him  in  accordance  with  Gen.  Sherman's  terms,  while  so  many 
of  his  fellow-soldiers  were  unjustly  deprived  of  theirs,  and  brought  him 
home.  From  that  day  Yeager  was  a  pensioner — the  only  one,  his 
master  said,  that  the  Southern  army  has  had.  For  a  few  years  he  was 
used  as  a  buggy  horse,  but  was  never  put  to  hard  service.  For  about 
twenty  years  he  was  not  used  at  all.  He  bossed  the  stables,  and  in 
fact  pretty  much  everything  on  the  place  gave  way  to  him.  He  was  re 
sponsive  to  the  advances  of  children,  who  rode  him  in  safety,  and  he  was 
the  hobby  horse  of  the  place  on  whom  they  learned  to  ride.  But  the 
bugle  stirred  his  blood  to  his  latest  day,  and  the  noise  of  guns  kindled 
the  battle-fire  in  him.  The  sound  of  a  trumpet  remained  to  him  a  call 
to  duty ;  at  the  first  blast  he  would  throw  up  his  head  and  snort,  and 
then  start  full  speed  to  the  place  to  which  he  thought  himself  sum 
moned.  At  the  firing  of  a  gun  he  seemed  to  have  in  mind  the  instruc 
tions  that  govern  troops  unengaged  and  in  doubt  as  to  where  to 
strike, — he  would  neigh  and  then  like  a  good  soldier  break  for  the 
point  of  heaviest  firing.  The  smell  of  powder  had  in  it  for  him  a  sug 
gestion  of  mischief  and  set  him  on  the  lookout  for  a  fight. 

He  was  twice  wounded  in  battle  and  carried  one  bullet  in  his  shoul- 


962  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

der  for  many  years.  His  master  watched  for  it  to  work  out,  which  it 
finally  did  and  was  lost,  much  to  his  grief,  as  he  wished  to  preserve  it 
as  a  relic  of  the  war  and  a  memento  of  the  gallant  charger.  A  relative 
says  that  he  was  greatly  distressed. 

In  his  old  age,  Yeager  stood  upon  his  dignity  as  a  pensioner  who 
was  the  only  quadruped  within  his  knowledge  who  had  breasted  the 
storm  of  battle  and  "  laughed  at  the  shaking  of  the  spear,"  and  richly 
deserved  the  reward  he  got.  Once,  a  short  time  before  he  died,  a 
niece  had  his  owner's  consent  to  ride  him  to  the  postoffice  for  mail. 
He  was  carefully  saddled  and  she  mounted.  When  he  reached  the 
gate  leading  into  the  highway  he  put  his  head  over  the  gate,  looked 
about  a  little,  seeming  to  reflect  upon  this  new  departure,  then  turned 
and  walked  deliberately  back  to  the  house,  where  he  waited  for  the 
young  lady  to  dismount  and  the  saddle  and  bridle  to  be  removed.  It 
was  the  last  time  the  veteran  was  subjected  to  bit  and  saddle.  He  had 
shown  that  even  a  lady  ought  to  respect  the  prerogatives  of  one  who 
had  served  with  Brooks  so  faithfully  in  defense  of  the  Constitution  as 
framed  and  understood  by  the  Great  and  Glorious  Fathers  of  the  Re 
public. 

In  August,  1889,  he  died,  aged  thirty-six  years.  His  master,  to 
-whom  he  had  been  so  faithful  on  the  fiery  marge  of  battle,  and  some 
times  saved  when  disaster  threatened,  was  moved  as  though  he  had 
lost  a  dear  friend,  and  his  family  scarcely  less  so.  He  gave  him  de 
cent  burial  and  built  a  roofed  structure  around  his  grave.  The  old 
war  horse  was  not  without  honor  in  life,  and,  being  dead,  his  resting- 
place  is  numbered  among  those  of  "  the  boys  in  gray." 

(b)  Fanny. — This  was  a  brown  mare  ridden  by  Frank  Camp,  Co. 
B,  First  Cavalry,  during  the  entire  four-year  service  except  three 
months.  In  1861  she  was  seven  years  old.  Surviving  the  rough  riding 
and  the  fighting  of  the  First  during  those  years  of  conflict,  she  was 
brought  home  by  her  owner,  who,  like  Lieut.  Brooks,  was  fortunate 
enough  to  retain  his  mount;  and  notwithstanding  she  shared  the  lot  of 
Confederate  soldiers  in  general  and  had  to  go  to  work  to  earn  her  liv 
ing,  she  did  not  die  till  1890,  when,  like  Yeager,  she  had  reached  the 
age  of  thirty-six. 

She  was  the  granddaughter  of  old  Pilot  on  one  side  and  of  Clara 
Fisher  on  the  other,  and  was  active  and  ambitious.  The  Confederate 
Government  fixed  her  valuation  at  first  at  $150;  when  last  appraised 
it  was  placed  at  $  1.800. 

In  a  skirmish  at  Eagleville,  Tenn.,  part  of  her  tongue  was  shot  off, 
but  it  is  not  recorded  that  this  bullet  through  her  mouth  diminished 
her  powers  of  speech  or  lessened  her  warlike  spirit. 

After  the  battle  of  Saltville,  when  Burbridge  was  hurriedly  trying 
to  regain  his  base,  (not  because  he  was  whipped,  he  said,  but  because 
he  was  out  of  ammunition,)  the  Kentuckians  gave  chase.  On  the 
rapid  ride  Fanny  took  the  thumps  and  seemed  likely  to  fall  out,  seeing 
which  an  officer  ordered  Camp  to  abandon  her  and  procure  a  fresh 
horse.  Leaving  the  column,  he  was  on  the  point  of  beginning  a  search 
for  an  animal  that  could  carry  him  through;  but  she  presently  became 
so  eager  to  follow  those  that  were  pushing  forward  that  she  vigorously 
resisted  his  efforts  to  hold  her  back,  whereupon  he  dismounted  and 
held  the  reins  with  the  intention  of  resting  her  somewhat  and  then  re- 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  963 

•suming  his  ride ;  out  he  found  it  difficult  to  restrain  her  from  breaking 
away.  At  length  she  grew  desperate  and  attacked  him  so  furiously 
that  he  was  in  danger  of  being  torn  to  pieces.  He  concluded  it  best 
to  allow  her  to  go,  so  he  remounted  and  she  dashed  off — soon  not  only 
overtaking  but  pressing  to  the  front  of  the  column  and  leading  it. 
When  at  length  it  seemed  that  the  Federals  had  made  a  stand  and 
must  be  attacked,  the  First  Kentucky,  as  usual,  left  their  horses  and 
advanced  on  foot.  Camp  expected,  in  case  of  his  coming  safe  out  of 
the  engagement,  to  find  her  dead  where  he  left  her ;  but  he  was  agree 
ably  disappointed  on  getting  back  to  see  her  grazing  with  the  rest,  en 
tirely  recovered  from  the  thumps,  and  ready  for  duty.  It  was  the  last 
time  she  was  affected  by  that  or  other  disorder,  though  the  regiment 
.did  hard  service  for  about  six  months  longer. 


PART   V. 
SPECIAL  DEPARTMENT  OF  BIOGRAPHY. 

(FIRST   CAVALRY.) 


LIEUT.-GEN.   JOSEPH   WHEELER. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  967 


LIEUT. -GEN.   JOSEPH  WHEELER. 

[NOTE. — It  is  in  accordance  with  requests  of  prominent  surviving  members 
of  the  First  Cavalry  that  the  portrait  and  sketch  of  Gen.  Wheeler  is  included  in 
this  volume.  For  most  of  the  time,  after  Bragg  set  out  on  the  Kentucky  cam 
paign,  till  the  close  of  the  war,  it  served  under  him  ;  and  almost  from  the  very 
first  these  men  were  prepossessed  in  his  favor.  He  had  qualities  which  so  won 
their  confidence  and  so  kindled  their  admiration  that  their  relations  were  soon 
pleasant,  almost  personal.  The  saying  became  current  that  they  were  "  Wheel 
er's  Pets."  Old  soldiers  will  quickly  apprehend  that  this  meant  anything  but  that 
favoritism  which  secures  immunity  from  hardship  and  danger  ;  that  on  the  con 
trary,  for  a  particular  body  of  troops  to  become  "pets"  of  a  bold  and  enterpris- 
ng  commander  is  like  the  kindly  attention  which  a  bear  bestows  on  a  man  by 
iiugging  him.  It  is  the  "  pets"  which  constitute  a  general's  forlorn  hope  or  get 
more  frequently  than  others  thrown  into  "  the  imminent  deadly  breach  "  where 
-omebody  must  stay  to  avert  disaster  from  an  army.  Writing  to  one  of  them  after 
the  war,  in  answer  to  an  allusion  made  to  the  general's  way  of  "  putting  them 
in  hard  places  ;  "  he  admitted  the  "  soft  impeachment,"  but  explained  (what  his 
accuser  knew)  that  it  was  because  he  trusted  them  to  go  promptly  and  stay  when 
i  hey  got  there.  The  "War  Child,"  (he  was  a  major-general  at  twenty-seven, 
md  a  lieutenant-general  at  thirty),  was  not  a  Kentuckian  (more's  the  pity)  ;  but 
:  he  veterans  of  the  First  Cavalry  who  followed  him  so  long  and  at  last  parted 
.vith  him  sorrowfully  thirty-one  years  ago,  have  cherished  for  him  rather  the 
'•omrade's  kindly  feeling  than  the  mere  memory  of  a  commanding  general,  and 
iheir  desire  that  he  be  associated  with  them  here  is  reasonable  and  creditable 
alike  to  both.] 

Joseph  Wheeler  was  born  in  Augusta,  Ga. ,  Sept.  10,  1836.  He  was 
graduated  at  the  United  States  Military  Academy  in  1859,  and  assigned 
to  the  dragoons.  He  was  a  lieutenant  of  cavalry  in  New  Mexico  till 
.April,  1 86 1,  when  he  resigned. 

Entering  the  Confederate  army,  he  became  lieutenant  of  artillery, 
colonel  of  infantry,  brigadier-general,  major-general,  and  lieutenant- 
general  of  cavalry. 

At  Shiloh  he  commanded  a  brigade  and  covered  the  Confederate 
retreat  from  the  field.  In  July,  1862,  he  was  transferred  to  a  cavalry 
command,  and  engaged  in  raiding  West  Tennessee.  During  Bragg's 
Kentucky  campaign  he  had  charge  of  the  cavalry,  and  fought  at  Green 
River,  Munfordville  and  Perryville.  He  commanded  the  rear  guard 
of  the  Confederate  army  when  it  retreated  into  Tennessee  and  in  Octo 
ber  was  promoted  to  brigadier-general.  At  Stone  River  he  was  in 
charge  of  the  cavalry,  and  thereafter  he  was  continuously  active  in 
contesting  Gen.  Rosecrans'  advance,  also  attacking  his  flanks,  raiding 
in  the  rear,  and  destroying  his  trains. 

On  the  ipth  of  January,  1863,  he  received  his  commission  as  major- 
general.  In  May,  1863,  the  Confederate  Congress  passed  a  resolution 
thanking  him  for  his  daring  deeds  and  successful  military  operations. 
He  opposed  the  Federal  advance  upon  Chattanooga,  skillfully  protect 
ing  Bragg's  trains  in  crossing  the  Tennessee  River,  and  fell  upon 
Rosecrans'  line  of  communications,  defeating  the  force  that  was  sent 


968  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

against  him  and  destroying  over  1,200  wagons,  with  stores.  On  this 
raid  he  succeeded  in  damaging  government  property  to  the  value  of 
$3,000,000,  and  burnt  bridges  and  destroyed  Rosecrans'  railroad 
communications.  Subsequently  he  took  part  in  the  siege  of  Knox- 
ville,  and  November  22d  to  2yth  covered  Bragg's  retreat  from  Mission 
Ridge  and  Lookout  Mountain.  During  the  winter  and  spring  he  con 
tinually  harassed  the  Federal  troops,  and,  on  the  advance  of  Gen. 
Sherman's  army  toward  Atlanta,  he  opposed  every  movement  and 
fought  almost  daily,  often  with  his  men  dismounted.  July  27-30  he 
fought  the  raiding  force  of  Gen.  Stoneman,  Gen.  Garrard,  and  Gen. 
McCook,  and  captured  3,200  prisoners,  including  Gen.  Stoneman, 
and  all  the  artillery  and  transportation.  On  the  pth  of  August,  1864, 
he  was  sent  by  Gen.  Hood  to  capture  the  Federal  supplies,  burn 
bridges,  and  break  up  railways  in  the  rear  of  Gen.  Sherman's  army. 
He  raided  through  Northern  Georgia,  East  and  Middle  Tennessee, 
and  then  recrossed  the  Tennessee  River  into  Northern  Alabama. 
During  this  raid  he  was  continuously  engaged  and  greatly  crippled  the 
enemy's  resources.  When  the  Confederate  commander  became  con 
vinced  of  the  impossibility  of  arresting  Sherman's  advance,  Wheeler 
was  sent  in  front  of  the  invading  army  to  prevent  the  national  troops 
from  raiding  and  foraging.  He  successfully  defended  the  cities  of 
Macon  and  Augusta,  with  their  vast  arsenals  and  depots  of  supplies. 
He  then  engaged  in  the  defense  of  Savannah,  and  for  his  defense  of 
Aiken  received  the  thanks  of  the  State  of  South  Carolina.  He  re 
ceived  his  promotion  to  the  rank  of  lieutenant-general  in  February, 
1865,  and  continued  in  charge  of  the  cavalry  under  Gen.  Joseph  E. 
Johnston  until  the  surrender,  in  April,  1865.  The  death  of  Gen. 
James  E.  B.  Stewart,  May  n,  1864,  made  him  senior  cavalry  general 
of  the  Confederate  armies. 

After  the  war  he  studied  law;  was  offered  in  1866,  the  professorship 
of  philosophy  in  the  Louisiana  State  Seminary,  but  declined;  in  1869 
he  became  a  lawyer  and  planter  in  Alabama,  and  engaged  in  these  oc 
cupations  till  1880,  when  he  was  elected  to  Congress.  He  has  been 
elected  eight  times  by  continually  increasing  majorities.  He  is  a  dis 
tinguished  member  of  the  Committee  on  Ways  and  Means,  is  one  of 
the  six  members  of  the  house  of  longest  service  and  is  now  the  senior 
Congressional  Smithsonian  Regent.  His  speeches  on  tariff,  currency, 
and  national  election  laws  have  attracted  widespread  attention,  and 
are  pronounced  as  among  the  ablest  and  most  profound.  He  is  re 
garded  as  authority  upon  military  matters,  the  tariff  and  constitutional 
questions,  and  he  is  especially  noted  for  his  untiring  devotion  to  his 
congressional  duties. 

As  a  soldier  he  was  both  strategist  and  fighter ;  audacious,  tireless, 
aggressive,  the  incarnation  of  a  ubiquitous  energy.      He  was  present 


COL.  JAS.  Q.  CHENOWETH. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  9«9 

at  Pensacola;  aided  in  capturing  Gen.  Prentiss'  division  at  Shiloh; 
rendered  distinguished  service  at  Perryville  and  on  the  retreat  from 
Kentucky,  winning  therefor  the  highest  commendations  from  the 
Confederate  generals;  turned  Rosecrans'  flank  at  Murfreesboro',  cap 
turing  troops  and  wagons,  and  destroying  gunboats  and  supplies ;  dis 
tinguished  himself  at  Chickamauga,  and  after  the  battle  made  his 
famous  raid  around  Rosecrans'  rear,  previously  alluded  to.  As  a 
cavalry  officer  he  ranked  with  the  Confederates,  Forrest  and  Stuart,  and 
the  Federal,  Sheridan,  although  younger  than  any  of  them.  At  twenty- 
six  years  of  age  he  received  the  thanks  of  the  Confederate  Congress 
for  his  magnificent  service  in  general,  and  of  South  Carolina  for  de 
fending  Aiken.  The  able  and  heroic  manner  in  which  he  hung  upon 
Sherman's  course  on  the  march  to  the  sea  and  through  the  Carolinas 
was  warmly  commended  by  President  Davis. 

He  was  wounded  three  times  and  had  sixteen  horses  shot  under 
him.  Seven  of  his  staff  officers  were  killed,  and  thirty-two  wounded. 
As  a  national  legislator  he  has  exhibited  the  traits  that  distinguished  him 
as  a  soldier.  He  is  an  indefatigable  worker  and  student,  and,  as  previ 
ously  indicated,  is  devoted  to  the  interests  of  his  constituents,  handling 
public  questions  in  a  masterly  way,  and  speaking  exhaustively  upon 
great  practical  issues. 

COL.  JAMES  Q.  CHENOWETH. 

Col.  Chenoweth  has  had  a  varied  and  eventful  career  as  a  soldier, 
a  legislator,  a  jurist,  a  civil  officer  of  his  county  and  of  the  general 
government;  and  through  it  all  and  everywhere  he  has  been  a  Ken- 
tuckian — mindful  of  the  traditions  and  the  history  of  his  native  State; 
proud  of  those  traits  in  her  people  which  give  them  a  marked  individ 
uality,  in  whatever  land,  under  whatever  circumstances  they  may 
chance  to  be ;  and  true  in  thought  and  conduct  to  the  comrades  who 
dared  and  suffered  with  him  in  a  heroic  struggle  against  the  subversion 
of  principles  of  government  which  they  had  been  taught  to  regard  as 
unalterably  true. 

He  was  born  in  Louisville,  Feb.  9,  1841.  His  parents  were  Thomas 
Hanna  and  Nancy  Trapnall  (Passmore)  Chenoweth.  His  paternal 
ancestors  came  from  England  to  America  about  the  year  1700,  and 
the  Kentucky  branch  settled  near  Martinsburg,  Va.,  coming  afterward 
to  Kentucky  among  the  first  settlers.  The  Passmore  family  came  from 
Holland,  and  settled  in  Mercer  County,  Kentucky,  at  an  early  day  in 
the  history  of  the  State.  His  ancestors  on  both  sides  served  with  Gen. 
George  Rogers  Clark  in  his  campaigns  against  the  British  and  Indians, 
.by  which  he  secured  to  Virginia  the  great  Northwestern  Territory 


970  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

(now  six  populous  and  flourishing  States  of  the  Union),  and  they  took 
part  also  in  the  war  of  1812. 

He  was  prepared  for  college  by  the  schools  of  his  home  city.  Enter 
ing  Asbury  University  in  1856  he  graduated  there  four  years  afterward 
with  the  degree  of  A.  M.  Making  choice  of  the  law  as  a  profession, 
he  began  his  preparatory  reading  and  study  with  Capt.  Phil  B.  Thomp 
son  ;  but  the  great  sectional  trouble  was  soon  agitating  the  country, 
and  the  mind  and  heart  of  the  ardent  young  Kentuckian  were  at  once 
enlisted  in  behalf  of  the  South,  and  he  gave  himself  more  to  military 
exercises  and  the  study  of  tactics  than  to  the  subtleties  of  the  law.  In 
September,  1861,  he  was  mustered  into  the  First  Kentucky  Cavalry 
by  Col.  Ben  Hardin  Helm,  and  having  already  acquired  some  reputa 
tion  as  a  tactician,  was  immediately  assigned  by  Gen.  Hardee  to  duty 
as  drillmaster,  and  sent  to  Gallatin,  Tenn.,  to  organize  and  drill  the 
Bennett  Battalion  of  Cavalry.  He  remained  with  this  command  till  a 
short  time  before  the  battle  of  Shiloh,  when  Hardee  ordered  him  to 
report  for  duty  to  Gen.  Beall,  commanding  cavalry  in  Sidney  John 
ston's  army;  took  part  in  the  great  battle  of  April  6  and  7,  1862, 
where  he  received  his  first  wound — a  shot  in  the  left  wrist. 

On  Gen.  Hardee's  recommendation  he  was  ordered  by  the  Rich 
mond  War  Office  to  enlist  a  cavalry  regiment  in  Kentucky  during 
Bragg's  occupation  of  the  State.  He  reported  to  Gen.  Kirby  Smith  at 
Lexington,  who  assigned  him  to  duty  as  major  of  the  regiment  then 
being  organized  by  Col.  J.  Russell  Butler,  in  which  capacity  he  was 
active  during  the  remainder  of  the  Kentucky  campaign  and  in  the  cav 
alry  operations  around  Murfreesboro'  preceding  the  battle  of  Stone 
River.  On  the  first  day  of  this  battle,  Dec.  31,  1862,  he  led  the  es 
cort  of  Gen.  Buford  (of  whose  brigade  his  regiment  was  a  part),  when 
it  captured  the  celebrated  "Anderson  troop"  from  Philadelphia 
(about  one  hundred  strong).  Anderson's  magnificent  black  charger, 
no  longer  serviceable  to  him,  Maj.  Chenoweth  at  once  appropriated  to 
his  own  use ;  but  about  an  hour  afterward,  while  leading  in  a  charge 
of  the  brigade,  he  was  shot  off  his  back.  He  was  not  permanently 
disabled,  and  when  the  Butler  men  became  a  part  of  the  First  Ken 
tucky  Cavalry  he  was  assigned  as  major  of  the  new  organization. 

About  the  middle  of  September,  1863,  a  court-martial  of  which  he 
was  a  member  was  sitting  at  Rome,  Ga, ;  but  when  it  became  evident 
that  the  battle  of  Chickamauga  was  imminent,  he  promptly  took  leave 
of  that  judicial  body  and  hurried  to  the  front.  He  was  in  all  the  en 
gagements  of  his  regiment  on  that  field  and  was  wounded  on  the  chin  ; 
was  in  the  fight  in  Sequatchie  Valley,  October  2d,  and  after  Lieut. -Col. 
Griffith  was  wounded,  he  took  command  and  led  his  regiment  during 
the  remainder  of  Wheeler's  raid  in  the  rear  of  Rosecrans'  position. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  971 

When  the  division  reached  Murfreesboro'  and  the  commanding  general 
had  in  mind  to  attempt  the  capture  of  the  place,  Chenoweth  was  or 
dered  to  charge  with  all  the  well-mounted  and  well-armed  men  of  his 
regiment,  and  was  promptly  on  the  gallop  with  his  gallant  young  bloods 
to  ride  at  that  strong  garrison  and  as  certainly  "into  the  jaws  of  death  " 
as  did  the  Light  Brigade  at  Balaklava ;  but  Gen.  Wheeler,  ever  alive 
and  circumspect,  quickly  discovered  the  strength  of  the  enemy's  forces 
and  position  and  recalled  him. 

Returning  from  this  long  raid,  he  was  sent  with  the  First  Regiment 
and  Kirkpatrick's  Battalion  to  Harrison's  Landing  to  guard  the  cross 
ings  of  the  Tennessee  and  do  general  outpost  duty,  where  he  remained 
until  the  battle  of  Mission  Ridge  ;  then  fought  his  command  on  flank 
and  rear  of  Bragg's  retreating  army  to  Ringgold  Gap  and  was  aligned 
in  front  of  Cleburne  to  receive  the  attack  of  Osterhaus's  advance,  as 
described  in  a  previous  part  of  this  work. 

At  Tunnel  Hill,  January,  1864,  when  Kilpatrick  attacked  the  Ken 
tucky  Cavalry,  the  brigade  and  regimental  commanders  were  absent ; 
but  Major  Chenoweth  took  command,  and  though  some  confusion  had 
resulted  from  the  sudden  Federal  dash  aud  firing,  he  quickly  had  the 
brigade  in  fighting  order,  repulsed  Kilpatrick,  and  drove  him  wounded 
back  to  Ringgold. 

At  one  time  during  this  winter,  either  from  Tunnel  Hill  or  Oxford, 
Ala.,  he  led  a  detachment  into  McLemore's  Cave  and  captured 
nearly  a  hundred  deserters  from  the  Confederate  Army,  who  had  ren 
dezvoused  there  to  effect  some  offensive  or  defensive  organization,  and 
turned  them  over  to  Gen.  Johnston  at  Dalton. 

On  the  campaign  of  1864  he  shared  with  his  regiment  all  its  dan 
gers,  hardships,  and  conflicts,  until  a  few  days  before  the  army  reached 
Atlanta.  The  splendid  charge  which  he  led  at  Snake  Creek  Gap,  and 
its  effect  in  retarding  McPherson's  advance  on  Johnston's  communica 
tions,  have  been  described.  Col.  Breckinridge,  in  an  address  at  a  re 
union  of  Co.  A,  in  1883,  said,  referring  to  this  :  "I  saw  the  charge  of 
Chenoweth  with  you  and  your  comrades ;  the  flank  movement  under 
cover  was  rapid,  skillful,  and  quiet ;  the  dash  from  cover  handsome 
and  brilliant." 

In  July,  1864,  Gen.  Joseph  E.  Johnston  ordered  him  to  report  to 
Col.  Adam  Johnson  to  aid  in  recruiting  a  brigade  of  cavalry.  With 
about  fifty  men,  the  nucleus  of  a  regiment,  which  he  enlisted  en  route, 
he  entered  Kentucky  and  was  soon  afterward  made  colonel  of  one  of 
the  three  regiments  which  they  had  succeeded  in  raising.  His  com 
mand  was  known  as  the  Sixteenth  Kentucky  Cavalry.  As  the  brigade 
retired  from  the  State  there  was  fighting  at  Grubb's  Cross  Roads 
(where  Gen.  Adam  Johnson  lost  his  eyes  by  a  gunshot  wound).  At 


972  -HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

Paris,  Tenn. ,  where  the  command  halted,  an  incident  occurred  which 
illustrates  with  what  promptness  and  boldness  Chenoweth  acted  in 
emergencies.  The  notorious  butcher,  Paine,  was  in  command  of 
Federal  forces  at  Paducah  when  the  affair  at  the  Cross  Roads  oc 
curred,  and  in  this  engagement  the  adjutant  of  the  Sixteenth  Ken 
tucky,  Waller  Bullock,  was  captured.  Col.  Chenoweth  learned  that 
he  had  fallen  into  Paine's  hands,  and  was  under  sentence  of  death, 
though  he  had  been  taken  in  open  fight  and  as  a  regularly  enlisted  sol 
dier.  Chenoweth  had  under  guard  four  or  five  Federal  prisoners, 
whom  he  had  taken  at  Cumberland  River.  He  at  once  wrote  Paine 
that  if  Bullock  should  be  harmed  he  would  immediately  kill  every 
prisoner  he  had.  This  letter  reached  the  monster  by  the  hands  of  a 
Union  woman,  to  whom  it  had  been  intrusted;  but  meanwhile  the  ad 
jutant  had  escaped. 

Soon  after  Johnson's  misfortune,  Gen.  Lyon  was  assigned  to  the 
command  of  the  brigade,  and  during  his  raid  in  Kentucky,  in  the 
winter  of  1864-65  (undertaken  to  create  a  diversion  in  favor  of 
Hood's  army  in  its  advance  on  Nashville),  Col.  Chenoweth  played  an 
especially  active  part,  though  it  proved  unavailing  to  avert  disaster 
from  Hood.  It  was  a  campaign  of  dreadful  hardships  and  suffering, 
such  as  he  had  not  hitherto  experienced,  varied  and  constant  as  had 
been  his  service.  Just  before  Christmas  he  burned  the  Nolin  Bridge, 
on  the  L.  &  N.  Railway,  and  near  by  captured  a  train  of  cars  loaded 
with  Federal  soldiers,  a  little  in  rear  of  one  that  bore  nearly  all  the 
Confederate  prisoners  captured  from  Hood's  army,  whom  timely  in 
formation  would  have  enabled  him  to  release.  Lyon  did  not  wholly 
discontinue  his  operations  in  the  State  and  on  its  borders  till  the  spring 
of  1865,  when  he  withdrew  the  remnants  of  his  force  to  Paris,  Tenn. 
There,  after  the  surrender  of  Lee  and  Johnston,  intending  to  go  to 
Mexico,  he  left  Col.  Chenoweth  in  chief  command. 

The  latter  went  shortly  afterward  to  Paducah,  where  he  arranged 
with  Gen.  Meredith,  then  commanding  there,  liberal  terms  of  surren 
der,  which  were  approved  by  the  department  commander,  Gen. 
Thomas,  who  furnished  him  and  his  staff  an  escort,  and  his  men  trans 
portation,  to  Nashville;  and  soon  this  little  brigade,  whose  experience 
had  been  short,  but  bitter,  existed  no  more  as  an  organization. 

His  mission  to  Paducah,  though  under  flag  of  truce,  was  a  danger 
ous  one,  as  Mr.  Lincoln  had  but  recently  been  assassinated,  and  the 
advent  of  a  Confederate  officer  into  the  garrison  created  excitement; 
but  after  conditions  had  been  agreed  upon,  Gen.  Meredith  furnished 
him  an  escort,  commanded  by  Col.  Hawkins  (afterward  Governor  of 
Tennessee),  who  took  him  under  safe  conduct  beyond  the  Federal 
lines  and  treated  him  with  soldierly  consideration. 


%r 

\  4 


HON.   WM.  T.   ELLIS. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  973 

When  he  laid  down  his  arms  he  went  to  Harrodsburg,  Ky.,  where 
his  late  grandfather's  family  then  resided ;  thence,  soon  afterward,  he 
went  to  Montgomery,  Ala.,  and  resumed  the  study  of  law  in  the  office 
of  ex-Chancellor  Keyes.  The  following  year  he  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  and  began  practice  in  Montgomery,  with  characteristic  zeal  and 
energy.  He  did  not  remain  long  there,  however,  but  returned  to  Ken 
tucky,  and  in  1869  he  was  elected  to  represent  his  district  in  the  State 
Senate,  but  concluded  in  1872  to  remove  to  Texas,  and  he  thereupon 
resigned  his  seat  in  that  body.  Settling  in  Bonham,  he  formed  a  part 
nership  with  Gen.  (afterward  United  States  Senator)  Maxey;  less 
than  two  years  afterward  he  was  appointed  by  Gov.  Coke  to  be  Dis 
trict  Judge  of  his  district,  which  office  he  filled  for  one  term;  and  he 
was  twice  elected  to  represent  Fannin  County  in  the  Legislature,  where 
he  was  a  recognized  positive  force  during  the  seventeenth  and  eight 
eenth 'sessions.  In  1885  President  Cleveland  appointed  him  to  the 
exceedingly  important  and  responsible  position  of  First  Auditor  of  the 
United  States  Treasury,  which  he  filled  during  that  term  with  marked 
ability  and  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  the  administration.  In  1892, 
his  health  being  broken,  so  that  he  was  unable  to  resume  the  practice 
of  law,  he  was  made  President  of  the  Board  of  Commissioners  for 
Fannin  County,  which  place  he  now  holds. 

The  educated  and  chivalrous  gentleman  and  brilliant  cavalier  is  re 
membered  with  pride  by  his  surviving  comrades,  who  look  to  him  with 
confidence  to  see  that  the  fair  fame  they  won  by  a  display  of  true  Ken 
tucky  valor  on  many  fields  suffer  no  hurt  among  the  people  of  the 
Lone  Star,  with  whom  he  has  become  identified  by  adoption. 

% 
HON.  WILLIAM  T.  ELLIS. 

Born  in  1845,  he  was  but  sixteen  years  old  at  the  beginning  of  the 
war,  but  was  among  the  first  in  his  section  of  the  State  to  volunteer  in 
defense  of  the  South.  Enlisting  with  the  Hancock  company  (D  of 
the  First  Cavalry),  he  soon  sought  transfer  to  Co.  C  to  be  more  closely 
identified  with  the  men  of  his  own  county.  He  was  second  corporal 
of  Co.  D;  was  made  fourth  corporal  of  Co.  C;  but  before  the  war 
closed  was  promoted  to  second  sergeant.  From  the  date  of  his  enlist 
ment  to  the  close  of  the  war  he  was  continuously  and  actively  engaged ; 
was  zealous,  enterprising,  and  ambitious  to  do  well  whatever  there  was 
for  him  to  do ;  was  dashing  as  a  fighter,  trustworthy  as  picket  and  scout, 
manly  in  bearing  privation,  and  undismayed  by  disaster, — in  short, 
the  stripling  farmer  boy  seemed  fashioned  by  nature  and  unpretentious 
Kentucky  home  life  into  that  stern  stuff  which  the  Spartan  law-giver 
deemed  so  essential  to  his  country's  defenders  as  to  justify  him  in  sub- 


-974  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

jecting  them  as  boys  to  long  and  painful  training  that  they  might  not 
fail  as  men. 

To  recount  the  affairs  in  which  he  took  part  would  simply  be  to  name 
in  detail  the  scouts,  skirmishes,  and  pitched  battles  in  which  Co.  C 
(after  the  reorganization  Co.  A),  was  engaged.  At  Hewey's  bridge; 
in  Sweeden's  Cove  ;  at  Murfreesboro'  with  Forrest ;  in  the  charge  on  the 
stockade  at  Tullahoma;  with  the  company  when,  alone  on  outpost,  it 
was  thrown  back  by  a  regiment  of  mounted  infantry,  but  rallied,  coun 
ter  charged,  and  kept  the  ground  till  reinforced ;  at  Perryville,  and 
during  those  trying  days. in  Bragg's  rear,  from  Crab  Orchard  to  Cum 
berland  Gap;  at  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  and  Ringgold  Gap;  in 
Sequatchie  Valley,  and  at  Charleston  ;  at  Dug  and  Snake  Creek  Gaps ; 
around  Atlanta;  in  the  chasing  and  taking  of  Stoneman's  main  force; 
then  at  Jug  Tavern,  as  one  of  the  eighty  who  took  many  times  their 
own  number  of  men  and  horses  and  arms;  at  Saltville, — and  so  on  to 
the  end.  The  list  is  too  long ;  where  his  command  was  there  he  was, 
unless  on  detached  and  important  duty,  and  the  history  of  the  regi 
ment  furnishes  details. 

During  the  fight  in  Sequatchie  Valley  his  horse  was  shot  under  him ; 
at  Jug  Tavern,  Col.  Breckinridge  says  that  he  particularly  distinguished 
himself;  and  Gen.  Wheeler  wrote  as  follows  of  the  desperate  affair 
when  the  bridge  over  Broad  River  at  Columbia,  S.  C. ,  was  crossed, 
Feb.  1 6,  1865  :  "I  remember  well  an  episode  in  which  the  Hon. 
Wm.  T.  Ellis  was  prominent.  A  large  force,  probably  half  of  Sher 
man's  army,  were  engaged  with  my  cavalry  command,  driving  us  rap 
idly  back  to  the  only  bridge  which  there  crossed  the  river.  When  I 
had  been  driven  to  near  the  head  of  the  bridge,  I  sent  most  of  the 
command  across  and  remained  with  a  small  force  endeavoring  to  keep 
back  the  enemy,  while  a  detail  was  engaged  in  preparing  the  structure 
for  burning.  We  fought  most  desperately  in  order  to  prevent  being 
cut  off  from  it ;  and  when  near  it  were  compelled  to  charge  an  ad 
vancing  line.  While  this  charge  was  being  made,  the  bridge,  through 
accident  or  design,  was  fired.  All  the  horses,  except  my  own,  had 
previously  been  sent  across,  and  when  we  reached  the  mouth  of  the 
bridge  we  were  confronted  by  an  almost  solid  flame  of  fire.  The  men, 
Ellis  among  the  number,  beat  my  horse  with  their  guns  and  compelled 
him  to  spring  through  the  flame,  and  they  ran  through  it,  all  of  them 
being  more  or  less  burned.  When  we  got  to  the  end  of  the  bridge,  I 
noticed  Ellis,  who  was  still  only  a  boy,  with  his  hair  and  hat  singed, 
and  his  hat  torn  by  a  bullet  which  had  furrowed  along  the  top  of  it. 
No  men  ever  acted  with  more  true  courage  than  this  gallant  body  of 
fifteen." 

After  he  was  promoted  to  sergeant  he  was  repeatedly  sent  in  charge 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  975 

of  scouting  parties  on  expeditions  that  were  regarded  as  important. 
One  of  these  is  noted  as  an  indication  of  the  confidence  reposed  in 
him  by  his  superiors  and  the  manner  in  which  he  executed  his  trust. 
An  order  of  Col.  Griffith's,  dated  April  4,  1865,  directs  that : 

"  Sergt.  Ellis,  in  charge  of  ten  men,  is  ordered  to  proceed  to  the 
rear  or  to  the  vicinity  of  the  enemy,  for  the  purpose  of  getting  such 
information  as  he  can  concerning  his  movements." 

Pursuant  to  this  he  selected  ten  men  whom  he  regarded  as  being  the 
very  best  in  the  regiment,  and  made  a  complete  circuit  of  Sherman's 
army.  He  collected  information  for  which  he  was  complimented  not 
only  by  Col.  Griffith  but  by  Gen.  Joe  Johnston,  to  whom  Griffith 
ordered  him  to  report  in  person.  The  expedition  lasted  ten  days,  and 
his  little  party  brought  in,  besides  reliable  intelligence,  about  thirty 
prisoners,  among  them  a  colonel  and  his  staff,  taken  in  their  own 
quarters. 

He  was,  so  to  speak,  "  in  at  the  death,"  as  he  was  one  of  the  rem 
nant  of  the  First  Cavalry  that  formed  part  of  President  Davis'  escort 
and  which  did  not  abandon  him  till  Gen.  Wilson  had  effected  his  cap 
ture. 

At  the  close  of  the  war  he  attended  school  in  his  native  county ; 
studied  law — completing  his  preliminary  course  as  a  member  of  the 
Senior  Class  of  1869,  Harvard  University;  and  he  has  had  an  exten 
sive  practice  from  the  beginning.  He  has  been  engaged  on  one  side 
or  the  other  of  many  important  law  suits. 

In  1870  he  was  elected  County  Attorney  of  Daveiss  ;  was  re-elected, 
1874;  was  Presidential  Elector  in  1876;  and  was  three  times  elected 
to  represent  the  Second  District  in  Congress,  serving  in  the  Fifty-first, 
Fifty-second,  and  Fifty-third  sessions  of  that  body.  He  declined  the 
nomination  for  a  fourth  term,  which  he  could  have  had  without  op 
position  from  his  own  party.  Of  the  various  committees  on  which  he 
served,  perhaps  the  most  important  was  that  on  Banking  and  Currency, 
Fifty-third  Congress — the  most  important  of  that  session,  at  any  rate  ; 
and  one  of  the  conspicuous  features  of  his  career  in  the  House  was  his 
opposition  to  the  Carlisle  currency  bill.  His  strictures  on  this  and  on 
Mr.  Cleveland's  financial  policy  created  a  sensation  in  Congress,  and 
the  speech  was  widely  commented  on  by  the  press  throughout  the 
country.  A  speech  made  on  the  25th  of  May,  1894,  in  favor  of  in 
creasing  the  pension  of  Mrs.  Susie  Conway,  the  widow  of  a  naval  offi 
cer,  won  applause  from  the  Republican  side  of  the  House  as  well  as 
the  commendation  of  his  Democratic  colleagues.  As  indicating  the 
attitude  of  a  man  without  a  superior  in  his  devotion  to  the  Confed 
eracy  until  its  flag  was  furled  forever,  on  a  question  affecting  Federal 
soldiers  and  sailors,  it  is  worthy  to  be  quoted  here.  He  said  : 


976  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

"  During  the  five  years  I  have  been  a  member  of  this  body,  while  I 
have  all  the  time  had  clearly  denned  views  on  the  subject,  I  have  taken 
no  part  in  the  numerous  and  sometimes  acrimonious  debates  which 
have  taken  place  here  relative  to  pensioning  Union  veterans.  Having 
been  a  Confederate  soldier  myself,  I  have  thought  that  perhaps  the 
proprieties  required  that  I  remain  silent,  and  I  have  sometimes  won 
dered  whether  it  did  not  occur  to  certain  of  my  Democratic  colleagues 
from  the  South  that  silence  was  the  true  policy ;  lest  the  attitude  we 
appeared  to  assume  with  respect  to  pensions  might  furnish  a  pretext  to 
those  seeking  to  make  political  capital  out  of  small  things,  to  say  that 

we  of  the  South  were  not  as  loyal  as  we  profess  to  be 

Speaking  for  myself,  who  as  a  boy  followed  the  varying  fortunes  of  the 
Confederacy  from  the  opening  to  the  close  of  the  war,  and  correctly 
reflecting,  as  I  think,  the  sentiments  of  every  soldier  who  wore  a  Con 
federate  uniform  and  honored  it,  I  am  in  favor  of  a  liberal  pension  for 
every  Union  soldier  who  is  disabled,  whether  that  disability  results 
from  wounds  received  in  battle,  or  from  broken  down  or  shattered 
health  consequent  upon  the  exposure  to  which  he  was  subjected  while 
engaged  in  the  service  of  his  country. 

"  I  go  further,  Mr.  Chairman,  and  say  I  am  in  favor  of  pensioning 
the  dependent  widows  and  dependent  children  of  the  Union  soldiers 
who  fell  in  battle  and  whose  silent  gravestones  mark  every  mile  of  the 
way  from  Shiloh  to  Gettysburg 

"  If  the  Federal  soldier  owes  the  scars  he  wears,  his  halting  step,  his 
rude  crutch,  his  empty  coat  sleeve,  to  the  punishment  he  received  at 
the  hands  of  his  adversaries,  he  is  entitled  at  least  to  know  that  those 
who  fought  him  so  fiercely  in  war  are  his  friends  in  peace,  and  that 
they  stand  ready  to  cooperate  with  him  not  only  in  defending  the  in 
tegrity  of  the  national  flag,  but  in  securing  for  him  a  liberal  pension 
for  all  the  injuries  they  inflicted  upon  him.  The  attitude  of  the  ex- 
Confederate  and  his  section  has  been  too  long  misunderstood,  and  his 
sentiments  too  often  misrepresented.  Confederates  believed  when  the 
armies  of  the  South  were  disbanded  that  the  war  was  over.  Hungry, 
clad  in  rags,  without  money  and  without  price,  they  followed  with  un 
faltering  trust  the  Confederacy's  alternating  star  of  hope  until  it 
sank  forever  behind  the  bloody  fields  on  which  they  won  their  fame. 
When  they  could  no  longer  contend  against  fearful  odds  they  stacked 
their  muskets,  took  off  their  faded  grey  uniforms,  saluted  the  stars  and 
stripes,  struck  hands  with  the  victors,  and  greeted  them  with  the 
genuine  salutation,  '  Henceforth  let  us  have  one  flag  and  one  country.' 
If  it  had  been  left  to  the  men  who  fought  the  battles  of  the  war  on 
both  sides,  this  matter  of  pensions  would  never  have  become  a  politi 
cal  question. 


HON.  E.  POLK  JOHNSON. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  977 

"  All  this  was  in  good  faith,  and  by  it  Confederates  committed  them 
selves  to  the  payment  of  pensions  to  all  who,  on  account  of  services  ren 
dered  in  the  struggle  to  preserve  the  Union,  were  entitled  to  receive 
them ;  and  whoever  undertakes,  here  or  elsewhere,  to  make  the  im 
pression  that  ex-Confederates  are  hostile  to  a  system  that  provides  for 
pensioning  the  Federal  soldier,  not  only  misrepresents  the  living,  but 
slanders  the  memory  of  the  dead.  While  demanding  pensions  for 
those  against  whom  he  fought,  the  ex-Confederate  neither  asks  nor  de 
sires  a  pension  for  himself.  It  is  enough  for  him  and  his  descendants 
to  know  that  impartial  history  will  record  the  fact  that  he  contributed 
his  full  share  in  the  great  tragedy  which  made  the  fame  of  American 
arms  immortal,  and  that  his  deeds  of  valor  will  be  remembered  as  long 
as  the  nation  keeps  a  record  of  its  heroes." 

His  congressional  career  was  honorable  to  himself  and  gratifying  to 
his  fellow-soldiers,  who  feel  a  personal  interest  in  a  comrade,  and  ad 
mire  to  see  him  acquit  himself  like  a  man,  whether  in  public  or  private 
station;  and  it  was  useful  and  satisfactory  to  his  constituents.  Having 
convictions  on  all  important  questions  he  never  quibbles  and  never 
temporizes,  and  neither  friend  nor  foe  is  ever  at  a  loss  to  know  where 
he  stands. 

He  was  born  in  Daveiss  County,  July  24,  1845;  was  orphaned  at 
eight  years  of  age  by  the  death  of  both  parents ;  was  brought  up  on  a 
farm  by  his  maternal  grandfather,  H.  Kullom,  who  gave  him  some  ed 
ucational  advantages  before  and  after  the  war.  His  ancestors  on  both 
sides  were  Virginians — one  of  his  grandfathers,  William  Ellis,  coming 
to  Kentucky  from  Culpeper  County,  Va.,  soon  after  the  Revolution, 
and  settling  in  Shelby  County.  He  afterward  removed  to  Daveiss, 
where  he  became  the  owner  of  large  bodies  of  land  in  that  and  in  Ohio 
County. 

HON.  E.  POLK  JOHNSON. 

The  son  of  John  D.  and  Eveline  H.  Johnson,  he  was  born  on  a  farm, 
in  Jefferson  County,  Ky.,  Dec.  21,  1844.  The  father,  a  native  of 
Bourbon  County,  was  the  son  of  James  Johnson,  of  Fauquier  County, 
Va.  His  mother,  born  in  Orange  County,  Va.,  was  the  daughter  of 
Aaron  Shelton  Quisenberry  and  Henrietta  Reynolds,  his  wife.  James 
Johnson  was  a  Revolutionary  soldier,  as  were  the  men  of  the  Quisen 
berry  family,  so  that  the  martial  fire  and  soldierly  aptitude  which  early 
manifested  themselves  in  the  subject  of  this  sketch  were  no  chance 
traits,  but  an  inheritance  from  those  who  bore  an  honorable  part  in 
the  struggle  for  independence. 

He   was  reared  on   the  farm,  and  grew  acquainted  with  the  labors 

62 


978  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

that  usually  fall  to  boys  so  situated,  but  was  kept  in  school  as  much  as 
was  practicable  under  the  circumstances ;  and  at  the  beginning  of  the 
war  was  better  educated  than  is  usual  with  those  who  have  not  had 
access  to  schools  above  the  country  grade.  The  parents  were  wisely 
planning  to  give  him  a  college  course ;  but  the  war  came  before  he 
was  prepared  to  begin  this  higher  scholastic  training.  He  had  the 
privilege  of  choosing  "between  the  college  course  and  an  education 
in  'the  University  of  War,"  and  chose  the  latter — building  perhaps 
better  than  he  knew,  for  he  entered  a  school  whose  lessons  are  more 
potent  in  the  development  of  men  than  those  received  in  scholastic 
shades,  though  he  has  never  undervalued  the  latter. 

He  enlisted  in  Co.  B,  of  the  First  Kentucky  Cavalry,  being  then 
less  than  seventeen  years  old,  and  bore  a  man's  part  from  first  to 
last — coming  out  of  this  four-year  fiery  trial  on  May  9,  1865,  when  he 
was  still  a  minor  by  nearly  eight  months,  with  the  respect  and  confi 
dence  of  his  officers  and  veteran  fellow-soldiers.  He  was  at  first  the 
fourth  corporal  of  his  company,  but  was  from  time  to  time  promoted 
through  all  the  grades  of  non-commissioned  officers  to  that  of  second 
sergeant. 

In  the  countless  smaller  affairs  in  which  the  First  Regiment  was 
concerned, — scouts,  raids,  skirmishes,  disagreeable  and  dangerous 
vidette  duty, — he  bore  his  part,  and  participated  in  the  battles  of 
Perryville,  Chickamauga,  and  Missionary  Ridge.  He  was  well  en 
titled  to  a  full  share  of  the  honor  done  the  First  Regiment  by  the  con 
gratulatory  order  of  Gen.  Wheeler,  elsewhere  referred  to,  in  which  he 
commended  its  admirable  conduct  in  the  Kentucky  campaign  of  1862, 
during  which,  as  he  said,  it  had  been  under  fire  a  hundred  times. 
In  the  fight  in  Sequatchie  Valley  (a  battle  of  no  mean  magnitude),  he 
was  actively  engaged.  Next  day,  Oct.  3,  1862,  at  the  foot  of  the 
Cumberland  Mountains,  he  was  struck  on  the  head  by  a  musket  ball, 
which  knocked  him  from  his  horse,  but,  though  for  awhile  stunning 
him  and  being  very  painful,  it  did  not  disable  him. 

On  the  retreat  from  Mission  Ridge,  it  fell  to  his  lot,  in  regular 
turn,  the  day  after  the  battle  (Nov.  26),  to  serve  as  sergeant  in  com 
mand  of  the  horse-holders  (a  duty  which  he  disliked),  as  the  regiment, 
constituting  an  essential  part  of  the  rearguard,  fought  on  foot.  A 
comrade  (himself  a  brave,  enterprising,  and  enthusiastic  fighter), 
furnishes  an  incident  of  the  day  which  is  appropriate  here  :  "  My  pro 
pensity  for  sharpshooting  had  gotten  me  into  a  very  close  place,  dur 
ing  one  of  the  stands  we  made  to  impede  the  Federal  advance,  and  it 
is  probable  that  the  cool  bravery  of  Polk  Johnson,  a  beardless  boy, 
saved  my  life.  He  was  near  the  man  who  held  my  horse  ;  the  enemy 
pressed  us  hard  and  close ;  and  all  of  my  company  who  had  not  been 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  979 

hurt,  except  me,  had  returned  to  their  base.  Wishing  to  take  an  effec 
tive  parting  shot,  I  had  remained  a  little  too  long.  When  I  reached 
the  top  of  the  hillside  where  the  horses  had  been  left,  I  found  all  gone 
except  my  own  and  that  of  his  holder  and  the  one  Johnson  rode.  My 
man  had  become  nervous  (and  he  was  not  to  blame  for  it,  as  the 
enemy  was  nigh  and  the  bullets  were  fairly  raining  around).  He  had 
declared  that  I  had  been  killed  or  disabled,  and  that  he  would  not 
wait.  He  was  prevented  from  carrying  off  my  horse  only  by  John 
son's  command  to  stand  fast,  or  he  would  shoot  him.  I  was  almost 
breathless,  and  could  have  gone  little  further  on  foot.  I  mounted  and 
we  escaped  unhurt,  through  a  shower  of  balls." 

Before  night  Johnson's  horse  was  shot  under  him,  but  he  kept  up 
with  his  company,  and  was  ready  for  the  fight  at  Ringgold  Gap  next 
morning. 

The  gentleman  above  quoted  says  of  another  affair :  ' '  When 
Wheeler,  with  two  or  three  brigades  of  cavalry,  attacked  a  strong 
Federal  infantry  and  cavalry  force  at  Charleston,  Tenn.,  Decem 
ber  28,  1863,  the  First  Kentucky  was  held  in  reserve.  The  enemy, 
too  strong  for  Wheeler's  advance,  had  driven  it  back  through  our  reg 
iment,  and  the  Federal  cavalry  charged  our  left  flank,  and  had  us 
almost  surrounded.  It  was  there  that  I  noticed  Polk  Johnson,  a  non 
commissioned  officer,  who  had  charge  of  part  of  Co.  B.  He  was  as 
cool  in  this  dangerous  crisis,  and  handled  the  men  as  well,  as  a  veteran 
of  a  hundred  battles."  Here  Johnson's  horse  was  again  shot  and  fell, 
catching  the  rider's  right  leg  under  him.  He  could  not  extricate  him 
self,  and  from  the  fall  and  struggle  of  the  horse  he  received  severe 
injuries  to  the  ankle,  from  which  he  has  never  fully  recovered.  The 
regiment  had  been  driven  back  and  he  fell  into  Federal  hands,  with 
fifteen  or  sixteen  others.  They  were  carried  to  Loudon  on  the  Little 
Tennessee,  more  than  thirty  miles,  and  from  there  by  boat  to  Chatta 
nooga  during  the  day  and  night  of  Jan.  i,  1864 — the  "cold  New 
Year's" — and  subsequently  to  Rock  Island  prison,  where  they  were 
detained  till  March  6,  1865.  (For  circumstances  illustrating  in  a 
striking  light  the  sterling  manhood  of  these  prisoners,  as  tested  by  try 
ing  conditions  at  Chattanooga  and  later  in  prison,  see  Anecdotes  and 
Incidents,  at  the  end  of  Chapter  III.) 

Returning  from  confinement  he  reached  Richmond  March  12,  1865  ; 
was  at  Danville,  Va.,  when  Lee  surrendered;  hurried  thence  on  foot 
to  Charlotte,  N.  C.,  where  he  rejoined  his  command,  and  with  it  acted 
as  a  part  of  the  escort  for  Mr.  Davis  and  his  cabinet.  At  Washing 
ton,  Ga. ,  he  was  in  command  of  Co.  B,  none  of  its  commissioned 
officers  being  present,  and  he  and  his  men  for  the  first  and  last  time 
laid  down  their  arms  in  the  presence  of  the  enemy. 


980  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

He  came  home  and  went  to  work  on  his  father's  farm.  The  greatly 
enlarged  views  of  life  which  his  four-year  connection  with  a  wonderful 
drama  had  given  him  led  him  now  to  long  for  that  more  thorough 
scholastic  training  which  a  college  course  would  have  given  him;  but 
the  always  kind  father  needed  him  ;  seeing  his  duty  he  did  it.  Early 
next  year,  however,  Feb.  27,  1866,  he  married  Miss  Florence  Taylor, 
and  apparently  settled  down  to  a  farmer's  life ;  but  after  two  years, 
finding  this  rather  unpromising  and  not  wholly  to  his  taste,  he  taught 
school  for  a  year  or  more,  devoting  himself  very  earnestly  meanwhile 
to  the  study. of  law,  and  in  1869  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  He  soon 
built  up  in  Louisville  a  modest  practice.  In  1871,  before  he  was 
twenty-seven  years  old,  he  was  nominated  and  elected  by  the  Democ 
racy  to  represent  Jefferson  County  in  the  Legislature — the  youngest 
member  the  county  had  ever  had.  He  served  during  the  two  long 
sessions  of  1871-72  (regular  and  adjourned),  but  declined  to  be  a  can 
didate  in  1873.  During  the  adjourned  session  (the  last  held  in  the 
State  under  the  old  constitution),  Dr.  E.  D.  Standiford,  Senator  from 
Jefferson,  resigned  to  take  his  seat  in  Congress,  and  Johnson  was 
offered  the  Senatorial  succession,  but  declined  it  on  the  ground  of  in- 
eligibility,  as  he  was  not  yet  thirty — the  constitutional  age.  He  was 
criticised  by  a  Senator  laboring  under  the  same  disability,  as  being  too 
scrupulous  ;  but  to  his  honor  be  it  said,  he  adhered  to  his  decision — 
preferring  private  station  to  a  public  position  with  a  clouded  title.  He 
continued  law  practice  till  1875,  when,  having  attracted,  by  occasional 
newspaper  work,  the  attention  of  the  Hon.  Henry  Watterson,  he  was 
offered  a  position  on  the  Courier-Journal,  on  such  terms  as  to  justify 
his  relinquishing  his  law  practice  for  a  time.  This  was  during  the  ex 
citement  in  the  Tennessee  Legislature  attendant  upon  the  candidacy 
of  Andrew  Johnson  for  the  United  States  Senate,  and  he  was  assigned 
to  duty  at  Nashville  as  special  correspondent.  His  daily  letters  were 
graphic,  and  attracted  unusual  attention  because  of  their  caustic  treat 
ment  of  the  character  and  methods  of  "Andrew  Johnson,  that  grim 
and  forceful  chief  demagogue  of  his  day  and  generation." 

He  did  correspondence  for  some  time ;  was  then  made  city  editor  of 
the  Courier-Journal;  in  1879-80  he  edited,  in  connection  with  Em- 
mett  G.  Logan,  John  Underwood's  paper,  the  Bowling  Green  Intelli 
gencer  ;  returned  during  the  latter  year  to  the  Courier-Journal ;  then 
became  co-editor  with  Logan  of  the  Louisville  Times — the  first  num 
ber  of  which  was  issued  under  their  direction.  In  1888,  he  was  man 
aging  editor  of  the  Courier-Journal,  which  position  he  resigned  Jan.  4, 
1889,  to  become  Public  Printer  and  Binder  of  the  State  under  appoint 
ment  of  Gov.  Buckner.  He  held  this  place  five  years,  being  unani 
mously  nominated  as  his  own  successor  by  the  Democratic  caucus  of 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  981 

the  General  Assembly  of  1889-90,  and  receiving  in  the  joint  assembly 
the  unanimous  vote  of  both  Democrats  and  Republicans.  While  Pub 
lic  Printer  he  edited  the  Frankfort  Daily  Capital.  Jan.  i,  1894,  he 
retired  from  the  office  of  Public  Printer  and  at  once  assumed  the  duties 
of  Special  Agent  of  the  United  States  Treasury,  for  the  district  com 
prising  Missouri,  Nebraska,  and  Colorado,  with  headquarters  at  St. 
Louis.  To  this  place  he  was  appointed  by  Secretary  Carlisle  on  the 
latters  own  motion — no  application  having  been  filed  and  no  recom 
mendation  asked. 

In  1872,  he  was  an  alternate  elector,  for  the  Fifth  District,  on  the 
Democratic  Presidential  ticket;  in  1880,  he  held  the  same  position  on 
the  ticket,  for  the  State-at-large ;  was  three  times  elected  assistant 
clerk  of  the  House  of  Representatives ;  was  one  time  elected  its  chief 
clerk ;  was  twice  President  of  the  Kentucky  Press  Association ;  and 
three  times  elected  Vice-President  of  the  Kentucky  Society  of  Sons  of 
the  American  Revolution.  Gov.  Buckner,  at  the  beginning  of  his 
term,  tendered  him  an  appointment  as  Railroad  Commissioner,  but  he 
was  then  managing  editor  of  the  Courier-Journal  and  preferred  to  re 
tain  that  position.  Buckner's  first  official  act  as  Governor  was  to  com 
mission  him  a  colonel  on  his  staff,  so  he  came  fairly  by  his  military 
title,  though  strictly  on  a  peace  footing,  and  not  so  proud  a  one  in  his 
estimation  as  that  of  sergeant,  when  "  grim-visaged  war"  gave  a  ser 
geant  something  to  do  which  made  the  title  significant. 

He  and  Mrs.  Johnson  have  reared  three  sons  and  a  daughter  to  bear 
their  fair  name. 

As  a  writer  he  is  piquant  and  forceful.  When  managing  editor,  the 
Courier-Journal  had  not  alone  his  excellent  judgment  in  determining 
the  character  of  its  daily  issue,  but  even  to  the  bulletin  column,  usually 
only  a  stupid  index,  he  imparted  a  raciness  which  awakened  interest 
and  invited  to  further  reading.  As  a  speaker  he  is  ready  and  unaf 
fected,  and  rarely  wanting  in  a  certain  spontaneous  humor  which  never 
descends  to  buffoonery. 

True  to  his  friends  ;  loyal  to  his  family,  near  and  remote  ;  proud  of 
Kentucky,  with  a  Kentuckian's  weakness  for  believing  that  even  the 
old  State's  faults  "  all  lean  to  virtue's  side  ;  "  faithful  to  every  public 
and  private  trust ;  feeling  still  that  spirit  of  the  corps  which  keeps  alive 
an  interest  in  comrades,  quick  or  dead ;  and  with  a  fine  scorn  for  small 
devices  and  low  subterfuges  by  which  little  men  seek  to  gain  their  ends 
and  shirk  their  responsibilities, — his  life  as  a  man  has  been  in  keeping 
with  his  service  as  a  soldier  boy,  and  worthy  of  the  regiment  whose 
fortunes  he  followed  and  whose  fame  he  shares. 


982  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

HON.  THOMAS  C.  JONES 

Was  born  and  reared  on  a  farm  near  Owensboro.  His  parents  were 
Andrew  and  Hannah  F.  Jones,  both  of  North  Carolina  families.  His 
father  was  born  in  that  State — son  of  James  Jones,  a  soldier  of  the 
revolution,  who  received  a  sabre  cut  in  one  of  the  battles. 

The  subject  of  this  notice  was  among  the  first  to  enlist  in  Capt. 
Noel's  company  (C,  of  the  First  Kentucky  Cavalry),  and  was  elected 
second  lieutenant. 

He  was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant  of  Co.  A,  (which  was  made  up 
at  the  reorganization  of  the  regiment  of  the  old  Cos.  C  and  K,)  when 
Taylor  was  made  captain. 

A  comrade  writes  of  him:  "He  would  have  been  a  captain  if 
Taylor  had  been  made  major,  as  he  was  at  one  time  entitled  to  be, 
not  only  because  of  seniority  but  because  of  good  service.  Jones  was 
a  good  soldier;  a  fighter  from  the  word  go;  and  I  doubt  whether  he 
knew  what  it  was  to  be  afraid." 

He  was  active,  vigorous,  and  adventurous — one  of  the  specially 
notable  soldiers  of  that  notable  command.  At  Sweeden's  Cove  he 
was  wounded  and  captured,  June,  1862  ;  but  though  afterward  engaged 
in  the  company's  many  scouts,  skirmishes,  raids,  and  battles,  escaped 
further  injury,  until  May  9,  1864,  when,  in  the  dare-devil  charge  made 
by  Major  Chenoweth  at  Snake  Creek  Gap,  he  received  a  shot  in  one 
foot  which  rendered  him  a  cripple  for  life.  This  terminated  his  mili 
tary  career,  as  he  was  in  hospital  and  under  surgeon's  care  till  the  war 
closed.  He  was  paroled  at  Meridian,  Miss.;  went  thence  to  New 
Orleans;  and  shortly  afterward  came  home,  where  he  engaged  awhile 
in  private  business ;  was  then  elected  clerk  of  the  Daveiss  County 
Court;  afterward  (1874)  he  was  elected  clerk  of  the  Court  of  Appeals 
and  served  a  full  term  of  six  years. 

In  1885,  President  Cleveland  appointed  him  consul  to  Funchal, 
Madeira  Islands;  in  1889  he  was  removed  by  President  Harrison; 
but  upon  Cleveland's  second  accession  to  the  presidency  he  was  ap 
pointed  (1893)  t°  the  same  office,  of  which  he  is  now  incumbent. 

A  gallant  soldier,  a  faithful,  efficient,  and  popular  civil  officer — true 
wherever  tried — his  honorable  record  is  worthy  of  the  noble  regiment 
with  which  he  suffered  and  bled. 


LIEUT.  JAMES  H.   RUDY 

Was  born  in  Jefferson  County,  Ky.,  Sept.   17,    1843.     His  parents 
were  George  and  Frances  Rudy.     His  ancestors  on  both  the  father's- 


HON.  THOMAS  C.  JONES. 


HON.  JAMES   II.   RUDY. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  983 

and  mother's  side  came  from  England  as  early  as  1709,  and  settled  in 
now  what  is  Chester  County,  Pa.,  having  obtained  a  grant  of  land 
from  William  Penn.  At  the  close  of  the  Revolution  a  branch  of  the 
family  from  which  the  subject  of  this  sketch  is  descended  came  to 
Kentucky  and  settled  in  Jefferson  County.  His  mother  was  of  the  Herr 
family  which  came  to  Kentucky  from  Pennsylvania.  She  died  in  1849, 
the  father  in  1851,  and  thus  at  eight  years  of  age  he  was  left  wholly 
orphaned ;  but  an  uncle  took  him  in  charge.  During  the  summer 
months,  after  he  became  strong  enough  to  labor,  he  worked  on  the 
farm,  and  in  the  winter  attended  the  country  schools,  thus  alternating 
until  shortly  before  the  beginning  of  the  war. 

In  1860,  he  joined  a  cavalry  company  of  the  State  Guard,  and  was 
an  enthusiastic  member,  embracing  every  opportunity  of  local  drill  or 
of  camp  of  instruction,  especially  one  at  Shepherdsville  in  the 
spring  of  1861,  under  the  personal  direction  of  Gen.  Buckner. 

At  this  time,  though  less  than  eighteen  years  old,  his  convictions 
were  strong,  and  his  feelings  were  with  the  Southern  States  in  their  ex 
pressed  determination  to  withdraw  from  a  Union  which  they  believed 
inimical  to  their  interests,  and  whose  government  was  now  assuming 
to  exercise  power  with  which  the  constitution  had  not  clothed  it. 

September  19,  1861,  when  it  was  evident  that  the  Federal  troops 
under  Rousseau  would  invade  the  State,  he  left  home  in  company  with 
Wallace  Herr,  and  joined  a  body  of  men  assembled  at  Bloomfield  for  the 
purpose  of  enlisting  in  the  Confederate  service.  Under  the  temporary 
command  of  Col.  Jack  Allen,  most  of  these  men  marched  to  Munford- 
ville,  then  held  by  Col.  (afterward  Gen.)  Hanson,  with  the  Second 
Kentucky  Infantry  and  a  small  body  of  Tennessee  cavalry. 

There  his  service  really  began,  as  he  did  outpost  duty,  and  was  with 
the  detachment  that  was  stationed  for  awhile  at  Horse  Cave,  making 
one  of  the  party  of  mounted  men  sent  to  Cy  Hutcherson's  on  the 
morning  of  October  n,  to  reinforce  the  men  of  the  Sixth  Infantry 
and  First  Cavalry  who  had  had  the  fight  the  night  before  with  Federals 
sent  to  arrest  Htitcherson,  as  noted  on  page  52  and  elsewhere. 

At  Bowling  Green,  shortly  afterward,  he  enlisted  regularly  in  Co. 
E,  First  Kentucky  Cavalry,  and  was  made  fourth  corporal.  In  all  the 
movements  and  engagements  of  this  company  he  took  an  active  and 
spirited  part  until  the  time  of  this  company  (a  twelve-month  one)  ex 
pired,  having  been  made  in  July,  1862,  first  sergeant.  The  company 
was  mustered  out  in  October,  1862,  and  he  joined  Co.  G,  Ninth  Ken 
tucky  Cavalry.  He  continued,  as  before,  to  be  uniformly  present  for 
duty,  and  bear  his  part  manfully  in  all  service,  picket,  scout,  skirmish, 
and  battle — and  sometimes  more  than  a  just  proportion,  as  he  had  be 
come  so  well  known  for  quick  perception  and  obstinate  courage  in  ac- 


984  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

tion  that  he  was  apt  to  be  made  one  of  almost  every  special  detail  for 
more  than  ordinarily  important  and  dangerous  work. 

After  the  battle  of  Mission  Ridge,  in  which  his  regiment  took  a  no 
table  part,  and  was  made,  in  connection  with  the  First  Cavalry,  the 
mounted  rearguard,  Col.  Breckinridge  ordered  Rudy  to  take  command 
of  a  detachment  of  picked  men  and  remain  in  the  rear  of  the  two  cav 
alry  regiments.  He  was  to  make  a  show  of  resistance  at  every  proper 
point,  and  so  retard  the  pursuing  Federal  advance  that  the  main 
mounted  force,  with  the  infantry  rearguard  in  easy  supporting  distance 
ahead,  could  move  deliberately  and  successfully  curtain  the  operations 
of  the  main  army  in  its  attempt  not  only  to  withdraw  in  an  orderly 
manner,  but  remove  all  its  transportation  and  stores.  This  was  the 
forenoon  of  November  26.  The  instructions  were  faithfully  carried 
out  till  late  in  the  afternoon,  when  he  was  ordered  to  withdraw  his  de 
tachment,  as  the  enemy  was  moving  on  another  road,  and  was  now  on 
its  flank  as  well  as  rear.  Here  he  displayed  not  only  coolness,  but  ex 
cellent  judgment  and  skill.  Though  a  Federal  force  was  almost  on  the 
point  of  enveloping  the  road  on  which  he  was  marching  and  cutting  off 
retreat,  he  succeeded,  by  a  bold  dash  and  the  firing  of  a  volley,  in 
so  confusing  the  enemy  that  the  detachment  was  not  fired  upon  until 
almost  within  the  lines  of  a  strong  body  of  the  rearguard,  infantry  and 
cavalry,  drawn  up  to  check  this  flank  movement.  Three  of  his  men 
were  wounded,  but  none  killed,  and  he  was  complimented  by  the  com 
manding  officer.  After  nightfall,  when  the  Federals,  outnumbering 
the  Confederate  rearguard  four  to  one,  found  it  unadvisable  to  advance, 
and  were  preparing  to  bivouac,  this  detachment  was  again  ordered  to 
take  position  in  the  extreme  rear  and  remain  until  ordered  to  move. 
When  the  order  came,  information  came  also  that  a  division  of  the 
Federal  army  had  interposed  itself  between  Bragg's  main  army  and  the 
infantry  and  cavalry  above  referred  to  that  were  trying  to  cover  the  re 
treat,  and  that  the  chances  of  Rudy's  little  band  were  desperate.  He 
withdrew  silently,  crossed  the  Chickamauga  river,  and  found  things  in 
confusion;  but  his  men  were  steady,  and  he  was  preparing  to  burn  the 
bridge  when  Gen.  Gist,  commanding  the  rearguard,  two  brigades  of 
infantry  (his  own  and  Maney's),  two  batteries,  and  the  First  and  Ninth 
Kentucky  Cavalry,  sent  for  him  and  told  him  to  try  to  make  his  way 
out,  and,  if  successful,  to  see  Bragg,  Hardee,  or  Breckinridge — which 
ever  he  could  find — to  describe  the  situation  and  ask  help.  He  suc 
ceeded  in  finding  Hardee,  only  to  learn  that  it  was  impossible  for  him 
to  give  relief.  On  his  replying  to  a  question  from  the  general  that  he 
believed  he  could  find  his  way  back  to  Gist,  he  was  told  to  carry  the 
discouraging  message,  with  direction  to  Gist  to  surrender  if  he  could 
not  make  his  way  to  Ringgold  by  daylight.  He  set  out,  the  night  being 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  985 

now  considerably  advanced,  and  tried  to  retrace  his  steps.  For  three 
days  and  nights  he  had  scarcely  slept;  had  been  engaged  in  all  the  active 
movements  of  the  Ninth  Regiment,  which  began  the  day  before  Bragg's 
defeat;  had  been  subjected  to  much  tension  of  mind  by  the  dangerous 
and  responsible  position  of  commander  of  the  special  detachment  in  the 
rear;  and  riding  alone  at  this  time,  without  sentry  challenge,  with  no 
noise  of  battle  near  or  far,  now  and  again  fell  asleep,  but  kept  his  sad 
dle.  Once  he  was  saved  by  the  instinct  of  his  mare  from  riding  into 
a  Federal  camp.  At  length  he  found  the  Ninth  Kentucky,  and  gave 
Col.  Breckinridge  information  as  to  the  position  of  the  interposing 
Federal  force.  This  officer  directed  him  to  push  on  in  his  search  for 
Gist.  He  was  soon  overpowered  again,  and  fell  into  the  unconscious 
ness  of  that  slumber  which  ensues  when  the  powers  of  endurance  are 
well-nigh  exhausted;  but  from  this  sleep  he  was  awakened  by  the  cold 
muzzle  of  a  gun  against  his  face.  A  short  colloquy  ensued,  and  a  de 
mand  for  surrender  was  made ;  but  this  was  answered  by  a  death-shot 
from  Rudy'  rifle.  He  had  carried  it  resting  on  the  saddle  before  him, 
and  his  enemy  was  now  on  the  left,  with  his  head  nearly  touching  it. 
When  startled  by  the  challenge  he  had  cocked  it  without  noise,  and 
now  a  touch  of  the  trigger  saved  him  from  capture  and  possibly 
averted  disaster  from  his  regiment,  which  took  up  the  march  as  soon 
as  he  reported  the  cause  of  the  shot.  By  quiet  and  circumspect  move 
ment  during  the  remainder  of  the  night  the  entire  rearguard  avoided 
the  strong  Federal  columns  that  had  then  so  nearly  surrounded  it  and 
reached  Ringgold  early  on  the  morning  of  November  27. 

After  Gen.  Wheeler's  attack  on  the  Federal  force  at  Charleston, 
Tenn.,  Dec.  28,  1863,  in  which  Rudy  participated,  he  received  a  com 
mission  as  cadet  in  the  Confederate  States  Army  and  was  ordered  to 
report  to  Gen.  Morgan.  He  was  now  promoted  to  be  first  lieutenant 
and  assigned  to  Co.  B,  Second  Battalion  (Maj.  Jacob  Cassell  com 
manding).  This  battalion  was  held  in  reserve  when  Morgan  engaged 
Averill  at  Wytheville,  Va.  (May,  1864),  but  rendered  signal  service 
just  before  dark  by  charging  the  enemy  in  its  front,  completely  routing 
him,  and  contributing  largely  to  decide  the  action  in  favor  of  the  Con 
federate  arms. 

The  battalion  played  a  conspicous  part  also  during  Morgan's  last 
raid  in  Kentucky,  and  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  acting  not  only  with 
valor  but  good  military  judgment  at  all  times,  especially  distinguished 
himself  in  the  second  day's  fight  at  Cynthiana  (June  12,  1864).  In 
command  of  three  companies  of  the  Second  Battalion,  he  received 
from  Gen.  Morgan,  at  a  critical  juncture,  an  order  to  bring  his  men  as 
quickly  as  possible  and  accompany  him.  They  rode  out  on  the  Paris 
pike,  where  they  found  the  Fourth  Kentucky  Cavalry  (Col.  Giltner), 


986  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

outnumbered,  out  of  ammunition,  endangered  front  and  flank,  and 
slowly  giving  way.  A  force  estimated  to  be  a  thousand  men  were 
rushing  forward  on  Giltner's  right  and  separating  him  from  the  Fifth 
Kentucky  Cavalry,  his  support  on  that  flank.  Morgan  ordered  the 
young  lieutenant  with  his  little  band  (about  one  hundred  and  fifty  men) 
to  check  this  Federal  advance.  He  promptly  charged,  and  with  such 
impetuosity  as  to  drive  them  back ;  then  he  held  the  position  gained 
till  the  main  portion  of  the  Confederates  could  withdraw.  He  was 
ordered  away  by  Morgan  in  person,  and  told  to  cover  the  retreat  along 
the  Augusta  road.  As  at  Mission  Ridge,  he  proved  equal  to  the 
emergency.  This  rearguard  was  pressed  upon  by  great  odds,  and  at 
one  time  the  enemy  had  partially  interposed  between  it  and  the  main 
body  in  front,  but  it  was  skillfully  maneuvered,  fighting  steadily  and 
stubbornly,  and  led  across  the  Licking  River  to  join  the  advance. 

At  Greenville,  Tenn.,  when  Morgan  was  surprised  there  (Sept.  4, 
1864),  Cassell's  Battalion  and  the  artillery  were  on  the  somewhat  high 
ground  in  the  eastern  suburbs.  The  first  intimation  of  danger  was  a 
volley  fired  into  their  camp  by  the  enemy.  Rudy,  now  in  command 
of  Co.  B,  quickly  formed  it  and  was  preparing  to  charge,  as  in  the 
confusion  there  was  an  opportunity  for  independent  action  on  the  part 
of  subalterns,  but  he  was  ordered  back  to  support  the  artillery.  Moved 
by  impulse  or  influenced  by  sound  judgment,  he  declared  his  ability 
to  drive  from  the  town  that  part  of  the  enemy's  troops  already  rushing 
toward  Morgan's  headquarters,  and  begged  to  attempt  it,  but  was  re 
fused.  He  has  always  maintained  that  by  a  quick  and  furious  dash, 
which  his  gallant  little  band  was  so  ready  to  make,  he  could  at  least 
have  caused  such  a  diversion  as  would  have  saved  his  chief. 

In  the  fight  at  Duvault's  ford  (Sept.  30,  1864),  Rudy  and  his  com 
pany  were  included  among  the  picked  men  with  whom  Gen.  Duke  or 
dered  Capt.  Messick,  of  Co.  A,  Second  Battalion,  to  cross  at  a  lower 
ford  and  attack  the  Federals  in  the  rear.  Meeting  a  full  battalion, 
they  charged  and  utterly  routed  it;  but  it  was  the  ambitious  young 
lieutenant's  last  fight.  He  received  a  carbine  ball  in  his  right  leg 
above  the  knee,  which  severed  the  femoral  artery,  and  necessitated 
amputation  to  save  life.  In  his  account  of  the  engagement,  Gen. 
Duke  says  :  "  Lieut.  Rudy,  a  brave  and  excellent  young  officer,  lost  a 
leg  in  this  charge." 

The  indomitable  will  of  the  man,  as  well  as  his  devotion  to  the 
cause  for  which  he  had  fought,  was  manifested  in  his  conduct  when  he 
learned  that  Gen.  Lee  had  evacuated  Richmond.  He  was  then  in 
hospital  at  Charlotte,  Va.  Thinking  that  if  he  could  get  to  Lynch- 
burg  he  might  be  of  some  service  in  the  great  stress  that  had  come, 
he  set  off  on  crutches  to  walk  the  intervening  seventy  miles.  Two 


LIEUT.  WM.  WALLACE   HERR. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  987 

one-legged  companions  started  with  him.  At  the  end  of  the  first 
day,  ten  miles  having  been  made,  these  two  found  themselves  unable 
to  proceed,  but  Rudy  was  unconquerable;  next  day  he  had  traveled 
ten  miles  by  noon.  He  learned  now,  however,  that  Lee  had  surren 
dered,  whereupon  he  accepted  hospitable  care  at  the  home  of  a  Mr. 
Martin  until  an  opportunity  to  get  to  Kentucky  offered. 

After  coming  home  he  attended  a  business  college,  in  which  he 
graduated  in  an  unusually  short  time.  In  October,  1866,  he  married 
Miss  Sallie  Magness,  of  Jefferson  County,  and  removed  during  the 
same  month  to  Daveiss  County,  where  he  has  since  resided  and  reared 
a  family  of  seven  children.  He  has  engaged  in  farming  and  coal  min 
ing,  and  is  at  present  one  of  the  Directors  of  the  Citizens'  Savings 
Bank,  of  Owensboro.  In  1879  he  was  elected  to  represent  Daveiss  in 
the  Legislature;  again  in  1881 ;  then  in  1883  ;  declined  to  be  a  candi 
date  in  1885  ;  but  was  afterward  twice  elected  (1887  and  1889).  He 
is  the  only  man  who  has  ever  served  Daveiss  County  in  this  capacity 
more  than  two  terms. 

To  those  who  are  hereafter  to  bear  his  name,  his  record  as  a  sol 
dier  and  a  citizen  will  be  a  proud  inheritance.  For  Kentucky,  he  has 
exemplified  in  war  and  in  peace  the  sterling  traits  by  which  her  sons 
have  given  her  preeminence  among  the  States  of  the  Union. 

LIEUT.  WM.  WALLACE  HERR. 

In  1860  he  was  active  in  organizing  Capt.  Benson  Ormsby's  Jeffer 
son  County  company  of  cavalry  in  the  State  Guard,  and  was  elected 
its  second  lieutenant.  Here  he  took  his  first  lessons  on  the  art  of  war. 

The  company  was  splendidly  mounted  and  well  drilled,  and  most  of 
its  members  afterward  took  part  in  the  war,  entering  the  service  of  one 
or  other  of  the  combatants.  Among  those  who  went  South  was  Lieut. 
Herr.  Accompanied  by  Jas.  H.  Rudy,  also  a  member  of  Ormsby's 
company,  as  noted  elsewhere,  he  went  to  Bloomfield  in  September, 
1861,  and  thence  with  other  mounted  men  under  Col.  Jack  Allen  to 
Munfordville ;  soon  thereafter  to  Horse  Cave,  where  he  was  sworn  into 
the  service. 

He  was  one  of  the  detachment  that  went  to  Hutcherson's  on  the 
morning  of  October  nth  to  reinforce  the  infantry  who  had  repulsed 
the  Federals  the  night  before.  A  little  subsequently,  at  Bowling  Green, 
he  became  a  member  of  Co.  E,  First  Kentucky  Cavalry. 

On  the  trip  from  Bloomfield  he  had  his  first  experience  as  a  scout ; 
and  so  well  did  he  do  the  duty  assigned  him — refusing  to  be  excited 
and  misled  by  sensational  people,  whose  apprehensions  frequently  mag 
nified  a  chance  rider  or  a  neighbor  on  foot  into  a  band  of  soldiers,  but 


988  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

seeing  for  himself  and  making  exact  report — that  he  attracted  attention 
and  was  much  in  demand  during  the  war  for  this  important  and  often 
dangerous  service.  He  was  soon  known  so  to  combine  unflinching 
courage  with  prudence  and  sound  judgment  as  to  make  him  a  reliable 
leader  of  scouting  parties  as  well  as  trustworthy  for  solitary  missions. 
Helm  was  quick  to  discern  his  fitness  and  "  put  him  in  training,"  as 
lie  said,  to  command  a  company  of  sharpshooters  which  he  had  in 
mind  to  organize. 

He  was  one  of  Col.  Woodward's  detachment  sent  to  Rochester  in 
November ;  and  while  the  First  Kentucky  was  at  Glasgow,  December 
and  January,  he  was  kept  almost  constantly  scouting  and  picketing  be 
tween  that  point  and  Munfordville,  where  the  Federals  had  a  strong 
garrison — having  for  a  guide  during  this  time  Fletcher  Smith,  detailed 
from  Co.  D,  Sixth  Kentucky  Infantry.  Helm  was  kept  so  well  advised 
that  he  was  never  in  doubt  as  to  the  condition  of  things.  Herr  and 
his  party  being  absent  when  the  First  Regiment  left  Glasgow  to  take 
position  in  the  rear  of  Johnston's  retreating  army,  and  finding  bridges 
burnt,  swam  the  intervening  streams,  regardless  of  the  wintry  weather, 
and  overtook  the  command  at  Nashville.  At  this  place,  at  Decatur, 
at  Florence,  whatever  outpost  the  regiment  occupied — he  was  generally 
actively  employed.  From  Florence  he  was  sent  with  a  force  of  scouts 
and  couriers  to  Eastport  to  note  and  report  the  movements  of  gunboats 
sent  from  Pittsburg  Landing  to  try  to  cross  over  Harpeth  Shoals  and 
land  troops  for  the  purpose  of  tearing  up  the  railroad,  burning  bridges, 
etc.,  and  while  faithfully  executing  his  trust  he  was  commended  in  or 
ders  for  efficient  service  hitherto,  and  notified  that  he  had  been  pro 
moted  to  sergeant-major.  Helm  was  made  a  brigadier-general  about 
this  time  ;  but  Col.  John  Adams,  who  was  placed  in  temporary  com- 
•mand  of  the  regiment,  ordered  him  from  Eastport  to  assume  the  duties 
of  the  office  to-which  he  had  been  appointed.  The  fight  at  Hewey's 
bridge  had  already  occurred,  but  he  took  part  with  his  company  in 
that  in  Sweeden's  Cove.  Part  of  Companies  E  and  D  were  cut  off 
from  the  main  body  during  the  action,  but  they  passed  over  the 
mountain  in  rear  of  the  Federal  force,  crossed  the  river  above  Chatta 
nooga,  and  there  rejoined  the  regiment,  which  had  arrived  some  days 
before. 

By  July,  1862,  a  number  of  the  commissioned  offices  in  the  twelve 
month  companies  had  become  vacant,  and,  at  an  election  to  fill  them, 
he  was  chosen  to  be  first  lieutenant  to  Co.  G.  This  company  was 
ordered  to  outpost  duty  on  the  Tennessee,  about  fifteen  miles  below 
Chattanooga,  and  as  Capt.  Shipp  was  absent  on  sick  leave,  the  com 
mand  devolved  upon  Lieut.  Herr  during  several  weeks  while  it  re 
mained  there — a  period  of  routine  camp  life  in  the  main,  but  with  the 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  989 

occasional  excitement  of  a  skirmish,  as  details  went  across  the  river 
to  operate  along  the  front  of  the  enemy  whenever  he  approached. 
About  the  last  of  August,  when  the  company  had  been  recalled  to 
Chattanooga,  he  was  sick  and  at  a  private  house  some  miles  in  the 
country ;  but  when  he  learned  that  his  regiment  had  marched  with 
Bragg's  army  on  the  Kentucky  expedition  he  set  out,  though  much 
debilitated,  and  with  difficulty  and  suffering  came  up  with  the  com 
mand  north  of  Bowling  Green.  Reaching  Munfordville,  he  persisted 
in  doing  scout  duty,  but,  after  a  few  days,  was  compelled  to  succumb 
to  what  was  pronounced  typhoid  fever ;  and  when  the  army  moved 
toward  Louisville  he  sent  forward  by  his  comrades  his  horse  and  arms, 
lest  he  might  be  captured  and  lose  them,  and  remained  at  the  home  of 
a  Mrs.  Barrett  until  able  to  go  by  carriage  to  Bloomfield.  Here  he 
found  himself  among  Federal  officers,  and  though  mingling  with  them 
and  even  taking  his  meals  with  them  at  a  hotel,  he  was  adroit  enough 
to  deceive  them  and  avoid  arrest.  Unable  to  overtake  the  main  army 
he  fell  in  with  Morgan,  who  came  through  the  State  after  Bragg  had 
gotten  out ;  went  with  this  command  to  Hopkinsville ;  whence  he  made 
his  way  to  Chattanooga,  where  he  found  the  First  Regiment  already 
reorganized  but  still  seeking  to  increase  its  strength  by  recruits ;  where 
upon  he  entered  upon  this  work  with  Capt.  Jack  Jones  and  others  of 
Co.  B.  While  thus  engaged  he  was  offered  by  Gen.  Helm  a  staff  po 
sition,  and  was  commissioned  (November,  1862,)  first  lieutenant  and 
aide-de-camp.  He  was  on  duty  in  this  capacity,  doing  with  charac 
teristic  spirit  and  efficiency  all  that  offered  to  be  done,  until  after  the 
battle  of  Chickamauga.  When  the  trying  march  was  made  from  Jack 
son  towards  Vicksburg  (July  i,  1863),  he  rendered  very  important 
service  to  the  men  of  the  Orphan  Brigade  who  were  parching  with 
thirst  but  unable  of  themselves  to  procure  water.  He  rode  all  day, 
back  and  forth  between  the  panting  column,  and  whatever  fresh  water 
he  could  find  at  different  points  off  the  line  of  march,  conveying 
freshly  filled  canteens  to  be  distributed  among  them. 

While  the  brigade  was  at  Camp  Hurricane  he  fell  ill  again  and  went 
on  sick  leave  with  Col.  Caldwell,  of  the  Ninth  Infantry,  to  Selma, 
Ala.;  but  they  soon  learned  that  Breckinridge  was  en  route  for  Ten 
nessee  to  rejoin  Bragg,  and  that  a  fight  was  impending,  whereupon 
they  set  out,  feeble  and  suffering  as  they  were,  and  reached  their  com 
mand  some  days  before  the  battle  of  Chickamauga. 

When  Gen.  Helm  fell,  on  the  morning  of  Sept.  20,  1863,  Lieut. 
Herr  was  near  him  and  assisted  in  carrying  him  from  the  field ;  then 
reported  to  Col.  Lewis,  who  had  taken  command  of  the  brigade,  and 
so  conducted  himself  during  the  remainder  of  the  day  as  to  attract 
attention.  In  his  report  Col.  Lewis  said:  "Lieut.  W.  W.  Herr> 


990  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

aide-de-camp,  and  Lieut.  Jno.  B.  Pirtle,  acting  aide-de-camp,  reported 
to  me  as  soon  as  the  necessary  attention  to  their  wounded  general  al 
lowed,  and  thereafter  acted  gallantly  and  faithfully." 

When  Lewis  was  commissioned  brigadier-general,  Lieut  Herr  re 
mained  with  him  some  weeks ;  but,  getting  no  definite  assignment,  he 
went  back  to  the  First  Cavalry,  and  though  still  holding  his  commission 
took  a  private's  place  in  Co.  B  and  served  in  the  ranks  till  Grigsby's 
brigade  was  sent  to  Oxford,  Ala.  Having  some  relatives  in  the  Ninth 
Kentucky  Cavalry  he  then  took  service  in  that  regiment,  till  the 
autumn  of  1864,  when  Col.  Butler  got  orders  for  him  to  proceed  to 
Kentucky  to  recruit  a  company  of  cavalry.  From  the  opening  of  the 
Dalton-Atlanta  campaign  to  this  time  he  shared  all  the  hardships  and 
dangers — often  doing  duty  as  a  scout.  When  Gen.  Williams  succeeded 
Grigsby  in  command,  he  detailed  Herr  specially  for  this  work ;  and  he 
and  his  little  party,  consisting  generally  of  Allensworth  and  McGuire, 
Second  Kentucky  Battalion  (Woodward's) ;  Johnson,  First  Kentucky; 
Price,  Dortsch's  Battalion;  and  Brit  Wilkerson,  Ninth  Kentucky, — re 
ceived  orders  directly  from  their  general,  and  were  so  active,  daring, 
and  efficient,  keeping  him  accurately  informed  and  frequently  bringing 
in  as  prisoners  men  whom  they  found  scouting  and  foraging  on  the 
flanks  and  rear  of  Sherman's  army,  as  to  win  his  warm  commenda 
tion. 

At  Dug  Gap  (when  the  campaign  opened),  he  was  sent  by  Col. 
Breckinridge,  with  Alberry  Houk  and  a  few  others,  on  the  night  of 
May  7,  in  advance  of  the  picket  line,  to  discover  the  position  and 
probable  destination  of  the  Federals  on  that  flank.  They  went  so  near 
the  enemy's  videttesas  to  be  fired  upon,  but  escaped  injury  ;  and  before 
daylight  next  morning  Breckinridge  was  advised  of  the  impending  at 
tack.  He  and  his  fellow-scouts  took  part  in  the  fight  that  followed. 

At  Snake  Creek  Gap,  (May  9,  1864),  he  was  slightly  wounded. 
This  gave  him  little  inconvenience  at  the  time,  but  was  of  such  a  nature 
as  briefly  to  disable  him  eight  or  nine  months  afterward. 

When  his  intimate  friend  and  comrade,  McCauley,  was  killed,  he 
obtained  his  body  and  buried  him  beside  Gen.  Helm,  the  chieftain 
whom  they  both  had  loved. 

In  the  autumn  of  1864,  after  starting  from  Bristol,  Tenn.,  over  the 
mountains  to  Kentucky,  he  lost  his  horse,  but  refused  an  offer  to 
"  ride  and  tie,"  and  so  delay  Col.  Butler  and  others  going  on  the  same 
recruiting  mission,  and  he  was  left  alone  in  a  section  infested  with  bush 
whackers  ;  rested  awhile  on  the  borders  of  Kentucky  with  a  Mr. 
Williams,  who  proved  a  friend;  at  length  fell  in  with  a  small  detach 
ment  of  Kentucky  cavalry  on  the  way  to  Kentucky  to  replace  their 
broken-down  horses  by  fresh  ones;  was  fired  on  by  bushwhackers,  but 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  991 

without  effect ;  and  finally  reached  the  central  part  of  the  State.  He 
found  it  impossible  to  execute  his  mission;  the  people  had  despaired  of 
Southern  success ;  and  as  he  feared  capture  if  he  either  remained  or 
tried  to  return,  he  made  his  way  to  Canada,  and  joined  Capt.  Hines, 
who  was  then  in  Toronto.  The  Northwestern  Conspiracy  having 
failed,  Hines  had  despatched  escaped  prisoners  and  others  southward 
in  small  parties,  in  order  to  join  their  commands,  and  Herr,  was  with  one 
of  these  parties ;  but  shortly  after  reaching  Kentucky,  and  while  wait 
ing  with  Capt.  Hines,  who  had  armed  quite  a  number  of  these  and 
some  new  recruits,  but  had  not  mounted  them,  the  war  closed  and  he 
returned  to  his  home  in  Jefferson  County. 

In  January,  1866,  he  married  Miss  Kittie  Todd,  a  sister  to  Mrs. 
Gen.  Helm.  (See  Incidents  and  Anecdotes  following  Chapter  II.)  He 
engaged  in  farming  near  Louisville  till  1879,  when  he  bought  a  farm 
three  miles  below  Owensboro,  to  which  he  removed  with  his  children, 
and  where  he  reared  them.  Mrs.  Herr  died  in  1875,  and  he  has  not 
remarried. 

His  parents  were  Alfred  and  Mary  Herr.  His  mother  was  a  Miss 
Sherley.  He  was  born  in  Jefferson  County,  June  9,  1834.  The  father's 
family  came  from  Pennsylvania  to  Kentucky,  in  1796;  the  mother's 
from  Virginia,  in  1820. 

He  has  never  courted  prominence  nor  asked  for  official  position — 
being  content  with  his  honorable  pursuit  and  the  retiracy  of  home  life. 
In  1893  Gov.  Brown  appointed  him  one  of  the  commissioners  for  the 
State  to  locate  positions  of  Kentucky  troops  on  the  battlefield  of 
Chickamauga ;  and  he  was  chairman  of  the  Daveiss  County  Demo 
cratic  Committee  for  five  or  six  years,  but  resigned  in  1895 — not  from 
any  indisposition  to  serve  his  party  or  his  friends,  for  in  this  particular 
he  has  always  been  emphatically  one  of  the  "  boys  in  the  trenches," 
a  willing  worker,  outspoken  in  his  preferences,  and  influential. 

For  the  attentive  reader,  it  is  hardly  necessary  to  point  out  his  sol 
dierly  qualities :  they  are  manifest.  With  a  martial  disposition  that 
could  easily  be  aroused  to  enthusiasm,  he  was  yet  self-poised,  circum 
spect,  and  steady  as  a  veteran  commander;  and  his  high-hearted  de 
votion  to  duty  could  in  no  other  way  be  made  more  manifest  than  it 
was  by  his  rising  superior  to  physical  suffering  and  resulting  feebleness, 
as  he  did  on  several  occasions,  and  making  his  painful  way  to  where 
his  fellow-soldiers  were  expecting  to  meet  the  enemy.  A  gentleman 
who  knew  of  his  service  from  first  to  last,  and  was  much  with  him, 
wrote  of  him  :  "  After  the  battle  of  Chickamauga,  Wallace  Herr  put 
aside  the  trappings  of  a  staff  officer  and  came  back  to  his  company  in 
the  First  Cavalry,  taking  up  his  gun  modestly,  and  bravely  and  un 
complainingly  serving  in  the  ranks,  where  he  was  a  model  soldier.  He 


992  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

was  as  brave  as  the  bravest  and  yet  gentle  and  refined  as  a  woman, 
and  almost  as  lovable.  I  never  heard  him  speak  a  word  that  his 
mother  might  not  have  listened  to,  nor  do  I  believe  there  was  a  man 
in  the  regiment  who  was  not  devotedly  attached  to  him.  I  never  knew 
him  to  fail  in  any  emergency." 

This  is  high  praise,  when  we  consider  how  potent  are  the  influences 
of  camp  life  and  a  long-continued  state  of  war  to  lower  moral  stand 
ards  and  dull  the  finer  sensibilities. 

Holding  sacred  the  memory  of  those  who  fell  in  the  unequal  strug 
gle,  and  feeling  still  a  comrade's  interest  in  those  who  survive,  he  was 
active  in  helping  to  organize  the  Confederate  Association  of  his  county 
and  to  promote  the  plan  to  erect  a  suitable  and  enduring  monument 
to  Daveiss's  Confederate  dead. 

HON.    JOHN   WILL   DYER 

Was  born  on  a  farm  at  Gum  Grove,  Union  County,  Ky.,  May  i$r 
1840.  Here  he  was  reared  to  manhood,  obtaining  his  education  in  the 
meanwhile  in  the  neighborhood  schools,  his  attendance  alternating  with 
his  work  on  the  farm — "  the  work,"  he  once  humorously  remarked, 
"alternating  the  oftenest." 

His  parents  were  John  and  Lauren  (Mason)  Dyer.  His  paternal 
grandfather,  William  Dyer,  came  from  near  Jamestown,  Va. ,  in  1803, 
and  settled  in  Union  (then  Henderson)  County,  within  a  mile  of  the 
present  town  of  Morganfield.  Soon  afterward  John  Mason,  his  ma 
ternal  grandfather,  from  the  same  county  in  Virginia,  removed  from 
Bourbon  County,  Ky. ,  where  he  had  first  located  for  a  year  or  two, 
and  settled  within  a  mile  of  William  Dyer.  Here  the  two  families  of 
children  were  brought  up  as  neighbors  and  two  intermarriages  re 
sulted.  Dyer  and  Mason  were  the  sons  of  Revolutionary  soldiers,  and 
the  Masons  were  related  to  the  Lauren  family  of  South  Carolina,  also 
of  Revolutionary  fame,  and  from  them  the  mother  of  John  Will  had 
the  unusual  feminine  name  Lauren. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch,  true  to  his  ancestral  blood,  could  not  re 
main  a  mere  spectator  when  war  was  in  the  land,  and  family  traditions 
inclined  him  naturally  to  ally  himself  with  the  Southern  cause.  When 
the  State  had  assumed  her  ostensible  non-combatant  attitude  and  men 
began  to  take  independent  action,  he  was  among  the  first  to  en 
list  with  Capt.  Barnett,  of  Union  County,  for  cavalry  service  in  the 
Confederate  Army.  His  company  (F,  of  the  original  organization) 
was  one  of  three  companies  enlisted  for  three  years  or  the  war.  After 
the  regiment  was  reorganized  in  1862,  he  was  made  fourth  sergeant  of 
Co.  G.  He  shared  a  soldier's  fortunes  from  that  time  to  the  close — 


{  ^k 

/tTv       .<ir» 


\ 


HON.  JOHN   WILL  DYER. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  993 

always  on  duty  or  present  for  duty  except  when  some  casualty  con 
signed  him  temporarily  to  hospital,  or  confined  him  in  prison  or  a 
prisoner's  bonds.  His  experience  was  varied,  marked  by  special  inci 
dents, , and  full  of  adventure.  Near  Florence,  Ala.,  May  13,  1862, 
he,  with  a  comrade,  was  captured  and  imprisoned  some  months  at 
Camp  Chase;  was  paroled  in  the  autumn  and  reported  to  Gen.  Breck- 
inridge,  then  commanding  the  department  of  East  Tennessee ;  came 
back  home  pending  negotiations  to  resume  exchange,  when  he  might 
honorably  return  to  duty ;  had  many  adventures  and  some  narrow 
escapes  while  in  Kentucky;  but  was  finally  exchanged,  and  under 
much  exposure  to  danger  and  through  many  difficulties  made  his  way 
to  Albany,  in  Clinton  County,  Ky. ,  where  he  found  Col.  Scott's 
regiment  of  Louisiana  Cavalry.  From  this  time,  March,  1863,  for 
about  six  months,  he  remained  with  Col.  Scott,  taking  part  in  all 
the  scouting,  picketing  and  fighting  of  the  command,  in  the  mountains 
of  Kentucky  and  East  Tennessee.  Just  before  the  battle  of  Chicka- 
mauga  he  rejoined  his  old  regiment  at  Ringgold ;  but  being  afflicted 
with  boils,  which  prevented  his  riding,  he  entered  one  of  the  regi 
ments  of  the  Orphan  Brigade  and  fought  through  the  battle  of  Chicka- 
mauga  on  foot.  About  the  middle  of  November,  1863,  he  reentered 
the  ranks  of  his  own  company,  and  henceforth  shared  in  all  its  duties, 
dangers,  and  sufferings. 

He  was  frequently  detailed  for  special  and  dangerous  scout  duty, 
alone  or  leading  a  detachment,  and  proved  himself  daring  and 
efficient. 

At  Kenesaw  Mountain,  July  4,  1864,  he  was  accidentally  crippled, 
and  was  for  some  weeks  in  hospital  at  Newnan,  where,  having  some 
what  recovered,  he  took  part  with  the  extemporized  force  which  pre 
vented  McCook  from  passing  through  that  town  on  his  retreat  before 
Wheeler,  and  in  the  fight  two  miles  out  in  which  Wheeler  killed  and 
captured  the  greater  part  of  the  Federal  raiders.  About  the  last  of 
August,  being  still  unfit  for  active  field  duty,  he  was  detailed  as  pur 
chasing  agent  for  hospitals,  and  traveled  considerably  in  Southeastern 
Georgia,  thus  engaged. 

After  the  battle  of  Jonesboro',  and  during  the  progress  of  mounting 
the  Orphan  Brigade,  he  again  did  service  for  some  time  with  that  com 
mand — the  First  Cavalry  being  then  absent  on  the  Tennessee  and 
Virginia  expedition ;  but  when,  shortly  afterward,  it  returned,  he  re 
sumed  his  place  with  Co.  G,  and  met  with  no  further  mishap  during 
the  remainder  of  its  almost  continuous  and  arduous  service  through 
Georgia  and  the  Carolinas.  After  Gen.  Lee's  surrender,  the  First 
Kentucky  Cavalry  formed  part  of  President  Davis's  escort  in  his  at 
tempt  to  leave  the  country,  after  which,  Dyer,  with  others  of  the  com 
es 


994  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

mand,  was  paroled  at  Washington,  Ga.  Returning  home,  he  engaged 
in  business  with  characteristic  spirit  and  energy,  and  in  common  with 
nearly  all  Kentucky  Confederate  soldiers  who  had  fought  so  gallantly 
and  borne  privation  and  suffering  with  such  heroic  constancy  to  the 
end,  he  took  upon  himself  to  discharge  his  obligations  to  society,  and 
make  himself  a  useful  and  honorable  citizen. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  ancient  and  honorable  order  of  Knights 
Templar,  and,  religiously,  a  believer  in  the  doctrines  and  polity  of  the 
Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church.  Dec.  24,  1867,  he  married  Miss 
Amelia  Brooks,  whose  mother  was  Hannah  Echols,  of  the  old  Vir 
ginia  family  of  that  name,  and  they  have  six  living  children  who  should 
cherish  the  proud  consciousness  that  the  blood  of  their  Revolutionary 
ancestors  was  found  not  to  have  lost  its  fire  when  "  war's  alarms " 
called  men  to  the  field  in  1861. 

He  has  followed  the  various  avocations  of  merchant,  steamboat  cap 
tain,  and  contractor  and  builder ;  has  served  as  police  judge;  repre 
sented  his  county  in  the  Lower  House  of  the  "  working  Legislature," 
sessions  of  1871-72,  regular  and  adjourned;  and  during  Cleveland's 
second  term  was  postmaster  of  Sturgis.  His  canvass  for  the  Legisla 
ture  was  one  of  the  most  hotly  contested  and  exciting  ever  known  in 
the  county.  When  Union  was  erected  out  of  part  of  Henderson,  his 
grandfather,  William  Dyer,  was  one  of  the  commissioners  to  locate 
the  county  seat,  which  was  fixed  at  Morgan's  Spring,  then  the  center 
of  population.  In  1871,  the  courthouse  was  condemned,  and  a  move 
ment  was  set  on  foot  to  change  the  site  to  Uniontown,  and  the  grand 
son  was  elected  as  the  candidate  of  the  party  opposed  to  removal. 
The  odds  were  in  one  sense  largely  against  him,  as  his  opponent  was 
one  of  the  most  popular  men  in  the  county;  but  after  a  rousing  cam 
paign,  in  which  men,  women  and  children  participated,  he  was  elected 
by  347  votes,  and  had  the  satisfaction  of  perpetuating  the  grandsire's 
choice. 

As  the  author  of  Reminiscences  of  the  First  Kentucky  Cavalry 
(published  serially  in  the  Sturgis  Ledger  and  soon  to  appear  in  book 
form,)  he  has  rendered  a  notable  service  to  the  private  soldier,  and  to 
all  others  who  take  a  patriotic  interest  in  the  men  of  the  South,  who 
for  four  years  battled  so  manfully  against  overwhelming  odds,  in  re 
sisting  what  thoy  regarded  as  a  usurpation  of  power  to  compel  acqui 
escence  in  a  construction  of  the  Constitution  which  perverted  the 
spirit  and  set  at  nought  the  will  of  the  founders  of  the  Republic. 
Biography  is  history  'in  detail ;  and  personal  sketches  give  us  a  more 
life-like  view  of  the  hardships  of  our  soldiers  in  camp  and  on  the 
march,  of  their  temper  under  severe  trial,  of  their  conduct  on  the 
bloody  field,  and  of  their  real  character  as  men. 


PART   VI. 

BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  INDIVIDUALS. 

FIELD  AND  STAFF. 

RANK  AND  FILE. 

(FIRST   CAVALRY.) 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  996 


ROSTERS  AND  ROLLS  OF  THE  FIRST  REGIMENT  KEN 
TUCKY  CAVALRY,  C.  S.  A. 

[NOTE. — It  will  be  seen  that  in  the  following  lists  very  little  definite  informa 
tion  is  given  of  a  great  many  of  the  men.  Attention  is  called  to  the  circumstance 
that  no  effort  was  made  to  gather  up  and  record  even  so  much  as  the  names  until 
thirty  years  after  the  war.  Copies  of  the  muster-rolls  on  file  in  Washington  City, 
to  which  we  had  access,  are  very  imperfect ;  in  some  instances  confusing  in  the 
matter  of  proper  designation  of  companies  ;  and  misleading  as  to  spelling  of 
names,  correct  initials,  and  connection  of  certain  men  with  this  or  that  com 
pany. 

The  surviving  members  to  whom  we  have  appealed  for  assistance  in  rescuing 
from  oblivion  the  names  and  deeds  of  this  body  of  Kentuckians,  and  who  have 
so  generously  and  heartily  responded,  could  hardly  be  expected  to  have  vividly 
in  mind,  after  the  lapse  of  so  long  a  time,  the  details  of  every  comrade's  service. 
It  has  been  impossible,  for  instance,  to  ascertain  the  counties  to  which  the  men 
ought  respectively  to  be  credited.  Definite  statement  as  to  time  served,  skir 
mishes,  battles,  raids,  etc.,  in  which  each  participated,  could  not,  in  very  many 
instances,  be  gotten  ;  and  we  could  not  speak  except  in  cases  where  survivors 
have  been  sure  and  have  so  written.  Where  only  the  name  is  given,  or  the  record 
contains  but  an  item  or  two,  or  stops  short  of  the  close,  it  is  not  to  be  inferred 
that  the  man  was  not  a  soldier  good  and  true.  There  are  doubtless  exceptions; 
but  the  rule  is  that  those  who  are  borne  on  this  list  held  to  their  work  unless 
killed,  or  disabled  by  wounds,  disease,  capture,  and  imprisonment,  or  other  un 
toward  circumstance.  If  unworthy  names  have  unavoidably  been  placed  here 
and  there  on  a  shining  list,  it  is  better  than  that  a  single  one  should  be  excluded 
on  insufficient  evidence  and  so  deprived  of  due  reward  for  him  and  his  children 
and  his  children's  children.] 


FIELD    AND    STAFF: 

BEN  HARDIN  HELM,  colonel.      (See  biography.) 
THOMAS  G.  WOODWARD,  lieutenant-colonel. 
N.  R.  CHAMBLISS,  major. 

SAMUEL  E.  SHIPP,  adjutant;  was  made  captain  of  Co.  G  in  July, 
1862,  at  Manchester,  Tenn.;  in  the  spring  of  1863,  he  was  as 
signed  to  duty  as  volunteer  aide  on  Gen.  Helm's  staff;  was  after 
wards  assigned  to  duty  on  the  staff  of  Gen.  Cosby.  Accidentally 
killed  himself  on  his  farm  in  Jefferson  County,  some  years  after 
the  war. 

GEORGE  W.  TRIPLETT,  A.  Q.  M. 

JACK  VALENTINE,  A.  C.  S. 

ROBERT  D.  SPAULDING,  Union  County,  surgeon. 

GEORGE  N.  HOLMES,  assistant  surgeon. 


996  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

GEORGE  W.  McCAULEY,  sergeant-major;  was  afterward  adjutant- 
general  on  Helm's  staff;  after  Gen.  Helm's  death  he  served  on 
the  staff  of  Gen.  John  S.  Williams ;  was  killed  in  the  battle  of 
Intrenchment  Creek,  July  22,  1864. 

ALEXANDER  TODD,  ordnance. sergeant;  was  made  aide-de-camp 
on  Helm's  staff  when  that  officer  was  promoted  to  brigadier-gen 
eral;  was  killed  in  Breckinridge's  advance  on  Baton  Rouge,  Aug. 
5,  1862. 

There  are  no  complete  and  authentic  rolls  of  all  the  companies  of 
the  original  regiment.  As  far  as  can  be  ascertained  the  ten  companies 
composing  it  were  officered  as  set  out  below,  and  the  names  of  Com 
panies  D,  F,  E,  H,  and  K  are  given,  together  with  certain  facts  as  to 
both  officers  and  men. 

CO.  A,  DARWIN  BELL,  Christian  County,  captain.  Afterward 
adjutant  Second  Kentucky  Cavalry. 

CO.   B,   WILLIAM  CALDWELL,  captain. 

ELLIOTT,  first  lieutenant.     Afterward  captain  Co.  A,  Second 

Kentucky  Cavalry. 

CO.  C,  DR.  CHARLES  T.  NOEL,  captain;  was  mortally  wounded 
at  Hewey's  Bridge,  Ala.,  May  pth,  and  died  May  n,  1862.  W. 
J.  Taylor,  first  lieutenant,  commanded  the  company  after  Noel's 
death  till  the  reorganization  of  the  regiment  in  the  autumn  of 
1 86 1 ;  when  Companies  C  and  K  were  consolidated  as  Co.  A,  he 
was  elected  captain;  was  wounded  at  Snake  Creek  Gap,  Ga. , 
May  9,  1864;  also,  in  fight  in  Hopkins  County,  Ky.,  April  12, 
1865.  (See  Incidents  and  Anecdotes  after  Chapter  V.) 

THOMAS  C.  JONES,  Daveiss  County,  second  lieutenant,  was  pro 
moted  to  first  lieutenant  when  Taylor  became  captain ;  was 
wounded  and  captured  in  Sweeden's  Cove,  Tenn.,  May,  1862; 
was  badly  wounded  and  crippled  for  life  at  Snake  Creek  Gap, 
Ga.,  May  9,  1864.  (See  biography.) 

JOSEPH  YEWELL,  third  lieutenant.  Died  soon  after  battle  of  Mis 
sion  Ridge. 


COMPANY  D. 

W.  F.  HAWES,  captain,  was  transferred  to  Commissary  Department 
in  the  spring  of  1862. 

WM.  MURRAY  BROWN,   Hancock  County,   first  lieutenant,   was 
promoted  to  captain  after  Hawes  was  transferred.     Died  in  1891. 

JOHN  R.  HOLT,  second  lieutenant,  was  captured  in  1861,  while  on 
a  recruiting  expedition  to  Meade  County. 

J.  GIBSON  TAYLOR,  Daveiss  County,  third  lieutenant,  served  faith 
fully  till  summer  of  1862,   when  he  joined  Morgan's  command; 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  997 

was*  noted  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  under  this  com 
mander;  was  captured  at  Cynthiana.  June  12,  1864,  and  died  in 
prison. 

[NOTE. — During  the  changes  that  took  place  when  part  of  a  Meade  County 
company  was  united  \vith  this  company,  and  after  the  transfer  of  Capt.  Hawes, 
Preston  Lindsay  was  a  second  lieutenant,  and  became  first  lieutenant  on  Murray 
Brown's  promotion  ;  George  Richardson  was  second  lieutenant  to  succeed  Holt ; 
Samuel  G.  Hughes  was  third  lieutenant,  and  became  second  lieutenant  when 
Lindsay  was  promoted,  and  Taylor  joined  Morgan,  and  John  S.  Lamar  was  third 
lieutenant  to  succeed  Hughes.] 

THOMAS  ESTES,  Hancock  County,  first  sergeant,  was  captured  in 
Sweeden's  Cove,  but  afterward  returned  to  the  regiment. 

SAMUEL  G.  HUGHES,  Hancock  County,  second  sergeant,  was 
promoted  to  lieutenant,  later  to  captain.  Died  at  home  about 
1895. 

JOHN  S.  LAMAR,  Daveiss  County,  third  sergeant,  was  subsequently 
a  lieutenant.  Died  long  after  the  war. 

PRESTON  LINDSAY,  Hancock  County,  fourth  sergeant  (see  above), 
was  wounded  in  the  shoulder  at  Murfreesboro,  July  13,  1862,  but 
returned  to  the  regiment. 

BEN  F.  JOHNSON,  Hancock  County.      Died  at  home  some  years 

after  the  war. 
THOMAS  D.  IRELAND,  Hancock  County,  first  corporal. 

WM.    T.   ELLIS,    second   corporal,    transferred   to   Co.    C.       (See 

biography.) 

LEONARD  T.  PINSON,  Hancock  County,  third  corporal. 
JAMES  J.  PATTERSON,  fourth  corporal. 
BATES,  SAMUEL,  Hancock  County. 
BOWLES,  PIUS,  Daveiss  County. 
BURCH,  J.  K.  P. 
BLACKFORD,  JOHN  A.,  Hancock  County. 

COX,  GEORGE  T.,  Daveiss  County,  was  killed  at  Murfreesboro', 

July  13,  1862. 

COLBERT,  RAYMOND,  Hancock  County. 
DEJARNETTE,  BEN  F.,  Hancock  County. 
DORSEY,  ELI,  Hancock  County. 
DRAKE,  JAMES,  Muhlenburg  County. 

ESTES,  ALLEN,  Hancock  County,   was  wounded  in  the  shoulder  at 

Jug  Tavern. 
ESTES,   AB,   Daveiss  County.      Died  at  home  some  years  after  the 

war. 
ESTES,  WARREN,  Daveiss  County.   Died  at  home  some  years  after 

the  war. 
EMMICK,  GEORGE,  Hancock  County,  died  of  disease  in  Glasgow, 

Ky. 


998  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

ERSKINE,  JAMES,  Daveiss  County. 
ENGLISH,  ADDISON,  Breckenridge  County. 
GREEK,  JAMES,  Meade  County. 
GREENWELL,  GEORGE,  Meade  County. 
HARLEY,  JAMES,  Hancock  County. 
HARRISON,  DAVID,  Hancock  County. 
HALL,  WM .,  Hancock  County. 

HUGHARD,  ALEXANDER,  died  of  disease  on  the  retreat  from 
Glasgow,  February,  1862. 

LEWIS,  E.  B. 

LOYAL,  PETER,  Hancock  County,  in  all  the  engagements  till  cap 
tured.     Was  killed  in  prison. 

MAYS,  RICHARD,  Hardin  County. 

MAYS,  THOMAS,  Hardin  County. 

MAYFIELD,  JAMES,  Hancock  County,  served  throughout  the  war. 

McCUNE,  DAVID,  served  throughout  the  war. 

MILLS,    FERDINAND,    Union    County,     served    throughout    the 
war;  was  wounded  in  one  hand  at  Jug  Tavern. 

NAFUS,  GEORGE,  Meade  County. 

ROBERTS,  HILLARY. 

REID,  FRANK,  Hancock  County. 

RICHARDSON,  DANIEL,  Meade  County. 

RHODES,  GEORGE,  Meade  County. 

RUTLEDGE,  WILLIS,  Daveiss  County. 

STOWERS,  J.  W.  ("  Chap"),  killed  by  bushwhackers.     (See  Co.  A.) 

SKILLMAN,  RICHARD,  Breckenridge  County. 

STANFIELD,  ALLEN,  Meade  County. 

STANFIELD,  KEN,  Meade  County. 

STARK,  JOHN,  Hancock  County. 

SHACKLETT,  JOHN. 

SHACKLETT,  BEN  L.,  Meade  County. 

SHACKLETT,  G.  W.,  Meade  County. 

SHACKLETT,  RICHARD,  Meade  County. 

TODD,  ALEXANDER,  transferred  to  Helm's  staff;  killed  at  Baton 
Rouge,  Aug.  5,  1862. 

TOUGET,  THOMAS,  Hancock  County. 
TAYLOR,  MAHLON  R.,  Meade  County. 
WITHROW,  ROBERT. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  999 

WILLIAMS,  HENRY,  died  of  disease  at  Knoxville,  Term. 

WORLING,  BARNEY. 

[NOTE. — At  the  reorganization,  October,  1862,  most  of  the  men  of  this  com 
pany  and  of  Co.  F  united  to  make  Co.  G  of  the  new  organization.] 


COMPANY  E. 

JACOB  W.  GRIFFITH,  Oldham  County,  captain,  was  promoted  to 
lieutenant-colonel  of  the  second  organization ;  was  badly  wound 
ed  in  shoulder  at  Hewey's  Bridge,  Ala.,  May  9,  1862;  was  se 
verely  wounded  in  Sequatchie  Valley,  October  2,  1862.  Had 
served  in  Humphrey  Marshall's  regiment  (First  Kentucky  Cav 
alry)  in  the  Mexican  war. 

JACK  JONES,  Jefferson  County,  first  lieutenant,  became  captain  in 
July,  1862;  on  the  reorganization  of  the  regiment  he  was  elected 
captain  of  Co.  B ;  was  killed  in  battle  in  Sequatchie  Valley,  Oct. 
2,  1863. 

GEO.  W.  BECKLEY,  Jefferson  County,  second  lieutenant,  became 
first  lieutenant  on  the  promotion  of  Lieut.  Jack  Jones ;  was  elect 
ed  first  lieutenant  of  Co.  B,  second  organization ;  was  promoted 
to  captain  on  the  death  of  Capt.  Jones ;  was  wounded  in  head  at 
the  battle  of  Saltville,  Va.  In  the  Sequatchie  Valley  fight  (Oct. 
2,  1863,)  he  captured  a  Federal  paymaster,  Capt.  Boyd,  who  had 
with  him  $75,000,  and  delivered  him  and  his  funds  to  Gen. 
Wheeler.  Served  to  the  close. 

W.  T.  VINCENT,  Oldham  County,  third  lieutenant.  After  expira 
tion  of  the  twelve-month  term  he  joined  Cluke's  regiment,  Mor 
gan's  command,  with  which  he  served  to  the  close.  He  was  in 
commandof  this  company,  E,  at  the  Sweeden's  Cove  fight.  Hesays 
that  Col.  Adams  had  his  headquarters  outside  of  the  picket  lines 
toward  Winchester,  and  that  the  P'ederal  soldiers  came  near  catch 
ing  him  before  he  knew  they  were  in  the  neighborhood. 

JOSEPH  E.  VINCENT,  Oldham  County,  first  sergeant;  was  elected 
second  sergeant  Co.  B,  second  organization;  was  promoted  to 
second  lieutenant  Co.  B,  Nov.  i,  1863  ;  was  wounded  in  the  hand 
in  battle  in  Sequatchie  Valley  (Oct.  2,  1863);  was  struck  with 
spent  ball  during  the  battle  in  Dug  Gap  (May  9,  1864).  Served 
to  the  close. 

RICHARD  H.  ISAACS,  Jefferson  County,  second  sergeant.  Is  re 
ported  to  have  been  in  all  the  engagements  of  his  regiment  during 
the  first  year,  after  which  he  joined  Morgan's  command.  He  was 
one  of  the  four  cavalrymen  who  took  part  with  the  detail  from 
the  Sixth  Kentucky  Infantry  in  the  fight  at  Cy  Hutcherson's,  Oct. 
10,  1861.  (See  page  52). 

CHARLES  H.  LEE,  Jefferson  County,  third  sergeant.  Was  for  a 
few  months  orderly  sergeant.  Now  (1898)  a  citizen  of  Owens- 
boro. 


1000  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

AUGUSTUS  M.  HEAD,  Oldham  County,  was  in  all  the  engage 
ments  of  his  command  to  the  close.  (Member  of  Co.  B,  second 
organization.) 

JAMES  COLLINS,  Shelby  County,  first  corporal.  After  twelve 
month  term  expired,  he  joined  Morgan's  Cavalry,  with  which  he 
served  to  the  close.  Died  at  home  in  1896. 

J.  S.  HINKLE,  Oldham  County,  second  corporal.  At  expiration  of 
twelve-month  term  he  joined  Morgan's  Cavalry,  with  which  he 
continued  to  serve. 

SILAS  YEAGER,  Shelby  County,  third  corporal.  After  twelve 
month  term  expired  he  joined  Morgan's  Cavalry,  with  which  he 
continued  to  serve. 

JAMES  H.  RUDY,  Jefferson  County,  fourth  corporal.  (See  biog 
raphy.) 

ABBOTT,  WM.  R.,  Hart  County,  after  expiration  of  term  of  enlist 
ment  joined  a  company  in  Vaughan's  Tennessee  cavalry,  in  which 
he  became  an  officer.  Was  once  severely  wounded  in  East  Ten 
nessee. 

BECKLEY,  JOHN  H.,  Jefferson  County,  died  of  disease  at  Fairfieldy 
Tenn.,  February,  1863.  Was  in  all  battles  up  to  death. 

BELL,  THOMPSON,  Jefferson  County,  served  to  end  of  enlistment. 

BAXTER,   CHARLES,   Jefferson  County,  served  to  end  of  enlist 
ment. 
BOOKER,  AUGUSTUS,  Jefferson  County. 

BALL,  GEO.  WASHINGTON,  Jefferson  County,  captured  at  Sweed- 

en's  Cove. 
BEARD,  STEPHEN,  Spencer  County,  served  to  end  of  enlistment. 

Died  at  home  about  1890. 

BOSLER,  HENRY. 

BENTON,  PARKER,  Oldham  County,  reenlisted  in  Fourth  Ken 
tucky  Cavalry  at  the  end  of  twelve-month  term,  and  served  to  the 
close. 

COLEMAN,  JOHN,  Jefferson  County,  after  expiration  of  twelve 
month  term  joined  Morgan's  cavalry,  with  which  he  served  to  the 
close. 

CRUM,  BEELER,  Oldham  County,  after  expiration  of  twelve-month 
term,  joined  Morgan's  cavalry,  with  which  he  served  to  the  close. 

CAMP,  B.  F.,  Jefferson  County.     (See  Co.  B.) 

CROW,  F.  M.,  Oldham  County,  was  captured  at  Muldraugh's  Hill, 
but  escaped.  Was  killed  at  Lebanon,  July  4,  1862. 

DORSEY,  WARREN,  Shelby  County,  served  to  end  of  twelve-month 
term  and  then  joined  another  command,  with  which  he  served  to 
the  close. 

DORN,  JULIUS,  Jefferson  County,  was  a  corporal,  then  commissary 
sergeant.  Served  to  the  end  of  enlistment. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  1001 

FLUSSER,  GUY,  Louisville,  acted  as  adjutant  after  Shipp's  promo 
tion.  Was  captured  in  Sequatchie  Valley,  Oct.  2,  1863,  but  es 
caped  before  his  guard  had  reached  Louisville  with  him.  He 
then  joined  Co.  K,  Fourth  Kentucky  Cavalry,  in  which  he  be 
came  a  lieutenant.  Was  killed  in  battle  at  Mt.  Sterling,  June  9, 
1864. 

FREEMAN,  D.  LEONARD,  Oldham  County.  (See  Co.  B,  second 
organization.) 

FREDERICK,  SAMUEL,  Jefferson  County,  served  to  close  of  twelve 
month  term.  Nothing  further  known  to  writer. 

GAAR,  PRESLEY,  Jefferson  County,  was  afterward  a  first  lieuten 
ant;  was  killed  in  battle  in  East  Tennessee,  while  with  Morgan's 
men. 

GRIFFITH,  THOMAS  R.,  Oldham  County.  (See  Co.  B,  second 
organization.) 

GRIFFITH,  NEWTON,  Oldham  County.  (See  Co.  B,  second  or 
ganization.) 

GRIFFITH,  JOSEPH,  Oldham  County,  was  killed  by  Rousseau's 
pickets  at  Muldraugh's  Hill,  1861. 

GATHRIGHT,  RICHARD  O.,  Oldham  County.  After  his  term 
expired  he  joined  the  Fourth  Kentucky  Cavalry,  in  which  he  be 
came  a  captain  (1862).  Was  afterward  wounded  at  Limestone, 
Tenn.,  at  Raytown,  Tenn.,  and  at  Mt.  Sterling,  Ky.  He  was 
captured  at  the  latter  place,  but  escaped  between  there  and  Lex 
ington.  Was  recaptured,  but  escaped  from  the  barracks  at  Lex 
ington.  Was  in  command  of  the  Fourth  Kentucky  Cavalry  when 
it  surrendered,  at  the  close  of  the  war. 

GATHRIGHT,  JOHN  R.,  Oldham  County,  was  captured  while  re 
cruiting  in  Kentucky  in  1863,  and  sent  to  Johnson's  Island,  where 
he  was  kept  till  the  war  closed. 

GRAHAM,  ALONZO  W.,  Jefferson  County.  (See  Co.  B,  second 
organization.) 

HERR,  WM.  WALLACE,  Jefferson  County.      (See  biography.) 

HAFER,  JOHN,   Jefferson  County,  served  to   end  of  twelve-month 

term. 
HINKLE,  JOHN  R.,  Shelby  County.      (See  Field  and  Staff,  second 

organization.) 

HARRIS,  JOHN,  Jefferson  County.  (See  Co.  B,  second  organiza 
tion.) 

HARRIS,  CICERO,  Jefferson  County.  (See  Co.  B.,  second  or 
ganization.) 

HOCKER,  M.  ELSTON,  Shelby  County.  (See  Co.  B,  Sixth  Ken 
tucky  Infantry.) 

JONES,  WELCH,  Mercer  County.  After  expiration  of  twelve-month 
term,  he  joined  Morgan's  command,  with  which  he  continued  to 
serve. 


1002  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

LONG,  RICHARD,  Shelby  County.  At  expiration  of  twelve-month 
term  he  joined  Morgan's  command  and  was  killed  in  battle. 

LUCKETT,  JACK,  Jefferson  County,  served  till  twelve-month  term 

expired. 
MILLER,    JAMES    F.,   Jefferson    County,    captured   at   Sweeden's 

Cove. 
MILLER,    MINOR  G.,  Jefferson   County,   captured  near  Liberty, 

Tenn. ,  after  having  been  in  many  engagements,  and  was  confined 

in  Fort  Delaware,  where  he  died  in  1863. 

MILLS,  SAMUEL,  Jefferson  County,  was  once  severely  wounded  in 
battle. 

MITCHELL,  WM.  L.,  Jefferson  County,  captured  at  Sweeden's 
Cove. 

MAYFIELD,  MICAJAH,  Shelby  County,  was  one  of  four  cavalry 
men  who  took  part  with  the  detail  from  the  Sixth  Kentucky  In 
fantry  in  the  fight  at  Cy  Hutcherson's,  Oct.  10,  1861.  (See  page 
S^). 

MILES,  JAMES  E. ,  Jefferson  County.  (See  Co.  B,  second  organiz 
ation.) 

MILLER,  JOHN  P.,  Oldham  County,  served  till  term  of  enlistment 
expired. 

OLIVER,  WM.,  Oldham  County,   was  killed  at  Shelby  farm  fight, 

1861. 
OGLESBY,  WILLIAM,  Oldham  County,  though  a  man  of  honor  and 

spirit,  was  wholly  incapacitated  by  disease  for  active  field  service. 

PEEL,  AUGUSTUS,  Cincinnati,  O.,  fought  at  Munfordville,  1861, 
and  in  several  other  engagements.  No  other  definite  facts  remem 
bered. 

RUSSELL,  GEORGE  E.,  Jefferson  County,  was  captured  at 
Sweeden's  Cove,  June,  1862;  was  exchanged;  was  afterward  re 
captured  near  Alexandria,  Tenn.,  and  kept  awhile  in  prison,  but 
was  finally  exchanged  and  rejoined  his  command  before  the  war 
closed.  Died  at  home  about  1887. 

RUSSELL,  WM.,  was  killed  in  Kentucky  by  bushwhackers,  after 
having  served  about  three  years. 

ROBINSON,  LUTHER,  Union  County,  served  till  term  of  enlist 
ment  expired. 

SHEilLEY,  JOHN  C.,  Jefferson  County,  was  appointed  quartermas 
ter  after  Triplett's  promotion.  (See  Co.  D,  second  organization.) 

SIMCOE,  HENRY,  Jefferson  County,  died  of  disease  in  Mooresville, 
Ala.,  March,  1862. 

SMITH,  GEO.  T.,  Henry  County,  was  for  awhile  a  member  of  this 
company,  and  afterward  served  to  the  close  in  Ninth  Kentucky 
Cavalry. 

SMITH,  JNO.  W.,  Jefferson  County,  was  once  wounded  at  Hogg's 
Landing,  Tennessee.  River.  (See  also  Co.  B,  second  organization.) 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  1003 

SPEERS,  CHARLES  ALBERT  ("Bud"),  Oldham  County,  served 
out  his  term  of  enlistment.  Now  (1898),  a  citizen  of  Texas. 

STONESTREET,  RICHARD  F.,  Oldham  County,  was  one  of  four 
cavalrymen  who  took  part  with  the  detail  from  the  Sixth  Kentucky 
Infantry  in  the  fight  at  Cy  Hutcherson's,  Oct.  10,  1861.  (See 
page  52.)  Fought  with  this  company  during  first  year ;  then  joined 
Morgan's  command  ;  was  killed  by  bushwhackers  in  East  Ten 
nessee  in  1864. 

SCRIMSHER,  F.  M.,  Oldham  County,  was  one  of  four  cavalrymen 
who  fought  at  Cy  Hutcherson's.  (See  Stonestreet  above.)  Fought 
at  Hewey's  Bridge,  Courtland  Bridge,  Sweeden's  Cove,  under 
Forrest  at  Murfreesboro  (July  13,  1862);  acted  as  courier  for  Col. 
Helm  and  Gen.  Johnston  betweeen  Tuscumbia  and  Eastport 
(March,  1862);  fought  at  Perryville,  and  was  in  every  skirmish 
from  Perryville  to  Cumberland  Gap  (October,  1862).  Was  on 
the  expedition  through  Tennessee,  and  by  way  of  Saltville,  W. 
Va.,  to  North  Carolina,  but  didn't  reach  the  field  in  time  for  bat 
tle  at  the  latter  place  (Oct.  2,  1864),  because  of  illness. 

SWINDLER,  WILLIAM. 

THURBER,  HARRY,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  was  captured  with  F.  M. 
Crow  and  Joe  Griffith  at  Muldraugh's  Hill,  but  was  paroled.  Then 
joined  Ninth  Kentucky  Cavalry,  and  was  again  captured.  Served 
to  the  close.  Died  in  Pennsylvania  some  years  after  the  war. 

VANCE,  BEN. 

VINCENT,  LYTER,  Oldham  County.  (See  Co.  B,  second  organ 
ization.) 

VINCENT,  JOHN,  Oldham  County.  (See  Co.  B,  second  organ 
ization.) 

WOLFRAM,  GEORGE,  Jefferson  County,  had  horse  killed  under 
him  at  Charleston,  Tenn.,  Dec.  28,  1863;  was  wounded  in  the 
hand  at  Saltville,  Oct.  2,  1864.  Served  to  the  close. 

WILHOITE,  WM.,  Oldham  County,  was  accidentally  wounded  in  arm, 
at  Bowling  Green  ;  was  afterward  severely  wounded  in  battle. 
Served  to  the  close,  and  is  said  to  have  been  in  every  engage 
ment. 

WILHOITE,  SAMUEL,  Oldham  County. 

WILHOITE,  PASCHAL,  Oldham  County,  was  killed  in  Shelby 
Farm  fight,  on  his  way  to  join  others  of  this  company,  1861. 


1004  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 


COMPANY  F. 

[NOTE. — The  original  officers  of  this  company  were  elected  Oct.  14, 
1861.] 

J.  J.  BARNETT,  Union  County,  captain,  resigned  June  30,  1862. 

R.  D.  SPALDING,  Union  County,  first  lieutenant,  was  assigned  to 
the  quartermaster's  department  some  time  subsequently  to  the  reor 
ganization  of  the  regiment. 

E.  HUDSON   WATHEN,   Union   County,  second  lieutenant,    was 

elected  captain  July  i,  1862,  but  election  was  declared  illegal  by 
Secretary  of  War,  and  he  resigned  his  commission  as  lieutenant. 

F.  B.  BROWN,  Union  County,  third  lieutenant;  after  the  reorganiza 

tion  he  was  assigned  by  Gen.  Bragg  to  various  detached  service, 
with  the  rank  of  captain. 

JOHN  L.  HOWELL,  Union  County,  was  elected  first  sergeant  Oct. 
14,  1861  ;  was  promoted  to  captain  March  3,  1863  ;  was  wounded 
through  one  wrist  near  Cartersville,  Ga.,  1864. 

ADAMS,  HENRY,  Union  County,  served  to  the  close. 

BRIGHT,  JOHN,  Union  County,  discharged  on  account  of  disability 
by  disease,  February,  1862. 

BINGHAM,  SILAS  H.,  Union  County,  served  to  close  of  war. 

BROWN,  WM.,  Union  County,  wounded  and  captured  at  Morrison's 
Depot,  Tenn.,  August,  1862. 

BERRY,  WM.,  Union  County,  discharged  on  account  of  disability 
by  disease,  February,  1862. 

BERRY,  THOMAS,  Union  County,  discharged  March,  1862,  being 
under  age. 

BUCKMAN,  JOHN  N.,  Union  County,  discharged  on  account  of 
disability  by  disease,  June,  1862. 

BLAYLOCK,  JOHN  W.,  Union  County.  (See  Co.  A,  second  or 
ganization.) 

BALL,  DEMETRIUS,  Union  County,  discharged  by  substitute,  June, 
1862;  joined  Tenth  Kentucky  Cavalry;  was  badly  wounded  at 
Henderson,  Ky.,  1863. 

DYER,  JOHN  WILL,  Union  County.      (See  biography.) 

DYER,  THO.  M.,  Union  County,  captured  near  Florence,  Ala., 
1862. 

FORD,  ISAAC,  Union  County,  transferred  to  Fourth  Kentucky  In 
fantry,  November,  1861. 

FINNIE,  DANIEL,  Union  County,  discharged  by  substitute,  June, 
1862. 

COUGH,  WM.,  Union  County,  died  of  disease  at  Tuscumbia,  Ala., 
April,  1862. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  1005 

GRAINGER,  ANDREW,  Union  County. 

GEIGER,  JAMES,  Union  County,  discharged  on  account  of  disabil 
ity  by  disease,  May,  1862  ;  joined  Fourth  Kentucky  Infantry;  was 
captured  at  Mission  Ridge  and  imprisoned  in  Camp  Douglas. 

GARDINER,  WM.  J.,  Union  County,  captured  at  Rogersville,  Ala., 
1862  ;  was  afterward  elected  a  lieutenant  in  Tenth  Kentucky  Cav 
alry;  was  captured  in  Ohio  during  Morgan's  raid,  1863. 

HAMILTON,  ALEXANDER,  Union  County,  discharged  on  ac 
count  of  disability  by  disease,  June,  1862. 

HEDGES,  ROBERT,  Union  County,  accidentally  killed  at  Rogers 
ville,  Ala.,  May,  1862. 

HARDIN,  ALFRED,  transferred  to  Second  Kentucky  Cavalry,  April, 
1863. 

HAGAR,  HILLARY,  Union  County,  discharged  on  account  of  dis 
ability  by  disease,  but  remained  with  the  command  till  the  surren 
der. 

HITE,  THOMAS,  Union  County,  discharged  on  account  of  disability 
by  disease,  February,  1862. 

KLINE,  FREDERICK,  Union  County,  was  promoted  to  captain  in 
the  quartermaster's  department,  Nov.  3,  1862  ;  was  tranferred  to 
Tenth  Kentucky  Cavalry,  Aug.  i,  1863. 

LUCAS,  CHARLES,  Crittenden  County,  transferred  to  Morgan's 
cavalry,  1863. 

MAY,  CHARLES,  Hancock  County,  was  captured,  June,  1863  ;  es 
caped  but  was  again  captured,  at  Pulaski,  Tenn.,  Oct.  20,  1863. 

MOBLEY,  GEORGE,  Union  County,  died  of  disease  at  Spring  Hill, 
Tenn.,  September,  1862. 

McDONALD,  J.,  captured  in  Tennessee,  1863. 

METCALFE,  COATES  T.,  Union  County,  was  transferred  to  Tenth 
Kentucky  Cavalry,  January,  1863  ;  was  captured  in  Ohio  during 
Morgan's  raid,  1863. 

NEWCOMBE,  JAMES,  Crittenden  County,  was  transferred  to 
White's  Battery,  March,  1863. 

POOL,  PHILANDER,  Union  County,  wounded  at  McMinnville, 
Tenn,  July,  1862  ;  also  at  Chickamauga  Station,  November,  1863. 
Served  to  close  of  war. 

PAYNE,  ROBT,  Union  County,  was  discharged  by  substitute,  June, 

1862. 

PAYNE,  CLAY,  Union  County,  was  discharged  on  account  of  dis- 
'  ability  by  disease,  June,  1862. 

PATTERSON,  SAMUEL,  Hancock  County,  was  captured  at  Harri 
son,  Tenn.,  Nov.  20,  1863. 

REASOR,  WILLIAM,  Union  County. 

RINEY,  BENJAMIN,  Union  County,  was  wounded  at  Marietta,Ga., 
1864. 


1006  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

REED,  FRANK,  was  captured,  September,  1863. 

RIGGS,  JAMES,  Union  County,  died  of  disease  at  Tuscumbia,Ala., 
April,  1862. 

RITTER,  WM.,  Christian  County,  was  killed  in  prison  at  Chatta 
nooga  by  a  guard. 

SCHONE,  JOHN,  Hopkins  County,  was  transferred  to  Second  Ken 
tucky  Cavalry,  August,  1863. 

TULL,  FREDERICK,  Union  County,  discharged  on  account  of  dis 
ability  by  old  age,  June,  1862.  Was  a  veteran  of  the  Mexican 
war. 

WATHEN,  EX.,  Union  County,  discharged  on  account  of  disability 
by  disease,  January,  1862. 

YOUNG,  ROGER,  Union  County,  discharged  on  account  of  dis 
ability  by  disease ;  afterward  joined  Tenth  Kentucky  Cavalry ; 
was  captured  in  Ohio  during  Morgan's  raid,  1863. 

YOUNG,  JOSEPH  O.,  Union  County,  was  discharged  by  substitute, 
December,  1863. 

COMPANY  G. 

JOHN  H.  JOHNSON,  Warren  County,  captain.  After  reaching 
Bowling  Green  with  his  recruits  this  man  soon  took  service  about 
the  headquarters  of  Gen.  Sidney  Johnston,  and  Sam  E.  Shipp 
.  commanded  the  company  for  awhile  as  captain,  with  Wm.  Wal 
lace  Herr  as  first  lieutenant;  but  it  soon  disintegrated,  and  the 
members  took  service  with  other  companies.  But  few  of  the 
names  are  certainly  known.  Capt.  Johnson  was  killed  in  a  railroad 
wreck  near  Vicksburg,  Miss.,  1862 

COMPANY  H. 

H.  C.  LEAVELL,  captain,  was  promoted  to  lieutenant-colonel,  July, 
1862;  died  at  Chattanooga,  Sept.  27,  1862. 

W.  W.  WESTERN,  captain. 
J.  W.  BARCLAY,  first  lieutenant. 
JOHN  B.  MASSIE,  first  lieutenant. 
W.  T.  RADFORD,  second  lieutenant. 
M.  W.  STEVENSON,  third  lieutenant. 

JAMES  BRONAUGH,  Franklin  County,  first  sergeant,  captured  at 
New  Haven,  Ky.,  Sept.  27,  1862. 

W.  P.  WINFREE,  second  sergeant. 
JOHN  T.  MULLINS,  third  sergeant. 

W.  T.  WILLIAMS,  fourth  sergeant,  captured  at  New  Haven,  Ky., 
Sept.  27,  1862. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  1007 

THOMAS  JOHNSON,  fifth  sergeant. 
T.  E.  FORT,  first  corporal. 
W.  JESUP,  second  corporal, 

C.  W.  LOVE,  third  corporal,  captured  at  New  Haven,  Ky.,  Sept.  27, 
1862. 

A.  B.  CARVER,  fourth  corporal. 

ALLEN,  E.  M. 

ANDERSON,  THOMAS. 

ATKINSON,  ED,  farrier. 

BENSON,  J.  E. 

BRONAUGH,  BANKS,  captured  March  28,  1862. 

BRONAUGH,  D.  A. 

BARRETT,  R.  B.  W.,  died  at  Winchester,  Term.,  May  23,  1862. 

BARKER,  J.  W. 

BILLINGSLY,  CHARLES,  Christian  County. 

BURT,  RICHARD  H. 

BREAME,  JOHN,  served  through  the  war. 

BREAME,  C.  W.,  served  through  the  war. 

BREAME,  M.  B.,  served  through  the  war. 

BOYD,  W.  A. 

BROOKS,  S.  R. 

BOWLEY,  J.  R. 

BROWN,  B. 

BUCKNER,  FRANK. 

BUCKNER,  L.  A.,  captured  May  10,  1862. 

CHILTON,  J.  S. 

CHILTON,  JOHN. 

CHILTON,  L.  B. 

CAVANAUGH,  M.  B. 

CARROLL,  M.  H. 

CHILES,  JAMES. 

CLARDY,  MONK,  Christian  County. 

CLARDY,  HENRY,  Christian  County. 

DUNLAP,  C.  S. 

DILLARD,  R.  M. 

DONALDSON,  J.  C.,  captured  at  New  Haven,  Ky.,  Sept.  27,  1862. 

DRINKARD,  W.  J.,  died  Jan.  8,  1862. 


1008  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

DYE,   C.  M.,  died  May  i,  1862. 

GARNETT,  W.  W.,  appointed  sergeant-major,  July  i,  1862. 
GARNETT,  V.  A.,   captured  at  New  Haven,  Ky.,  Sept.  27,   1862. 
GARNER,  H.  B. 
GWYNN,  R. 

HANNA,  T.  F.,  captured  at  New  Haven,  Ky.,  Sept.  27,  1862. 
HUFFMAN,  PHILIP. 
KNIGHT,  ROBERT. 
LACKEY,  A.  O. 
LACKEY,  B.  D. 
LANE,  N.  G. 
LANDER,  J.  H. 
LONG,  H.  G. 
McREA,  J.  W. 
McREA,  W.  H. 
MASSIN,  JOHN  H. 
MARQUESS,  J.  C. 
MAJOR,  J.  H. 

MAJOR,  P.  H.,  captured  at  New  Haven,  Ky.,  Sept.  27,  1862. 
MALLORY,  J.  R. 

•*•  MOSS,  JOHN,  captured  at  New  Haven,  Ky.,  Sept.  27,  1862.^ 
MOORE,  WM. 
PENDLETON,  J.  T. 
POLLARD,  H.  S. 
QUISENBERRY,  G.  T. 
RAIDINS,  T. 

ROGERS,  J.  W.,  captured  at  New  Haven,  Ky.,  Sept.  27,  1862. 
RITT,  B.  F. 
REEVES,  W.  M. 
SARGENT,  J.  G.  A. 
SHELTON,  W.  T. 
SKILLMAN,  W.  C.,  Meade  County. 
TANDY,  D.  A. 
TANDY,  G.  A. 
TILLMAN,  W.  L. 

TURNER,  JOHN,  captured  May  10,  1862. 
TUNLEY,  M. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  1009 

WILLIS,  L.  R. 
WATSON,  T.  O. 
WATSON,  L.  D. 
WATSON,  N.  T. 
WATSON,  NATHAN  T. 
WYATT,  W.  C. 
WOOD,  E.  B. 
WHEATLEY,  WM. 
WILTSHIRE,  JOSEPH. 
WORD,  R.  T. 
YOUNG,  T. 

Co.  I :  JOE  B.  WILLIAMS,  captain,  was  killed  in  North  Carolina 
near  the  close  of  the  war.  (Names  of  other  officers  not  found.) 

Co.  K:  One  of  the  officers  of  this  company  furnishes  the  following 
note  :  "  The  company  was  organized  at  Hopkinsville,  October, 
1 86 1.  With  Merriwether's  (afterward  Williams's)  company,  it 
operated  as  a  Kentucky  squadron  under  command  of  Col.  For 
rest,  about  Fort  Donelson.  When  Donelson  was  surrendered, 
Forrest  took  the  vote  of  Co.  K  as  to  whether  it  would  take 
chances  with  him  in  attempting  to  cut  his  way  out.  Capt.  Huey, 
with  about  half  the  men,  fell  into  line  for  the  venture ;  Lieuten 
ants  Wallace  and  Winstead  went  home ;  Lieut.  Head  surrendered 
with  the  garrison.  Of  that  part  of  the  company  that  escaped 
with  Forrest,  George  D.  Richardson  became  first  lieutenant ; 
Samuel  S.  Woolfolk,  second  lieutenant;  Reuben  J.  Laughlin, 
third  lieutenant ;  and  Jno.  W.  Headley,  first  sergeant.  When 
the  regiment  was  reorganized,  after  Bragg's  Kentucky  campaign, 
some  of  these  twelve-month  men  of  Co.  K  ree'nlisted  in  Co.  A, 
originally  Co.  C  (Capt.  Noel's).  The  original  company  was  as 
per  muster-roll,  a  copy  of  which  you  have." 

JAMES  K.  HUEY,  captain. 

JAMES  C.  WALLACE,  first  lieutenant. 

JOHN  D.  HEAD,  second  lieutenant. 

BUSH  D.  WINSTEAD,  third  lieutenant. 

LABAN  T.  RICE,  first  sergeant. 

JOHN  W.  HEADLEY,  second  sergeant. 

JAMES  L.  BAKER,  third  sergeant. 

B.  F.  WORLAND,  fourth  sergeant. 

J.  W.  SMITH,  fifth  sergeant. 

JOHN  B.  JONES,  first  corporal. 

SAMUEL  H.  WOODBURY,  second  corporal. 

JAMES  SNIDER,  third  corporal. 


1010  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

R.  WILLETT,  fourth  corporal. 
ASHBY,  WM.  ALLISON. 
AUGLE,  ED  H. 
BLACKBURN,  JAMES. 
BLACKBURN,  LEWIS. 
BLACK,  HUGH  D. 
BEAN,  JOHN. 
BASSETT,  THOMAS. 
BOWERS,  ISAAC  M. 
BROWN,  WM.  E. 
BATES,  SAMUEL  H. 
BEWLEY,  R.  B. 
BURCH,  J.  K.  P. 
CAMPBELL,  BRASHEAR  C. 
CASTLEBERRY,  JAMES  B. 
CRABTREE,  CYRUS  W. 
CRABTREE,  H.  R. 
CLAYTON,  AL. 
COFFMAN,  FRANK. 
CARLISLE,  THOMAS. 
CARLISLE,  CYRUS. 
CARTER,  J.  A. 
COBURN,  E.  B. 
CHRISTIAN,  G.  C. 
CHRISTIAN,  WM. 
CURRY,  C.  LEWIS. 
DAVIS,  WM. 
DRAKE,  J.  A. 
EDDINS,  BEN. 
EDDINS,  BROWN. 
EVANS,  JAMES. 
FARMER,  BEN. 
GIST,  J.  W. 
GIVENS,  RICHARD. 
GIVENS,  NAT. 
GIVENS,  ALEXANDER. 
GRAINGER,  WM.  L. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  1011 


GREEK,  J.  P. 
HUMPHREY,  RAWLS  E. 
HUMPHREY,  BEN. 
HEAD,  DANIEL. 
HADDEN,  B.  F. 
HALL,  HENDERSON. 
HALL,  THORNTON. 
HALL,  CALEB. 
HINES,  - 
HALE,  - 

HARLEY,  JAMES  H. 
HARMAN,  B.  F. 
HERRON,  E. 
HOKET,  WM. 
HOLMAN,  THOMAS. 
HEAD,  JAMES  B. 
JOHNSON,  CAVE. 
JOHNSON,  DAN  W. 
JAMISON  M. 
"JIMMIE"  (Irishman). 
JONES,  JAMES  C. 
KENDRICK,  J.  W. 
KIRTLEY,  E.  B. 
KUYKENDALL,  W.  H. 
KUYKENDALL,  FRANK. 
LINDSAY,  JOHN  F. 
MAR.TIN,  JOHN. 
MITCHELL,  JOHN  W. 
MONROE,  G.  JAMES. 
McCULLEY,  R.  J. 
MITCHELL,  JAMES. 
McCORMACK,  GEORGE. 
McCORMACK,  WM. 
McCHESNEY,  WALTER. 

MCVEIGH,  JAMES. 
MILLS,  JOHN  R. 
MILLER,  ADRIAN. 


1012  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

MONTGOMERY,  JOHN  FOUNTAIN. 
MOORE,  JOHN  L. 
MAY,  L.  F. 
MOON,  L.  E. 

MILLER,  JOHN  E. 
MAYS,  THOMAS  H. 
MERCHANT,  PAUL. 
MCCARTY,  E. 

NEWMAN,  R. 
NAFUS,  GEO.  L. 
OWEN,  AMPLUS. 
ORTON,  DAVID. 
OGDEN,  ED  H. 
OGDEN,  JOHN  W. 
PAYNE,  JOHN  H. 
PARKER,  TITUS. 
PROW,  JACK. 
PROW,  VAN. 
PIPER,  THOMPSON. 
PARTRIDGE,  WM.  M. 
POTTS,  M.  A. 
RICE,  KEARNEY  G. 
RICE,  FRANK. 
RICE,  JAMES  NED. 
RUDY,  JAMES  F. 
RAMSAY,  ANDREW. 
RUTHERFORD,  R.  J. 
ROBERTS,  B.  W. 
ROBINSON,  THOMAS. 
RAGSDALE,  -       — . 
RUSH,  CYRUS. 
RICHARDSON,  ISAAC. 
RICHARDSON,  D.  F. 
RHODES,  G.  W. 
SALE,  JAMES. 
SMOOT,  GEORGE. 
SCOTT,  FRANK. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  1013 


SAUNDERS,  G.  L. 
SAUNDERS,  D.  J. 
SHACKLETT,  JOHN  G. 
SHACKLETT,  G.  W. 
SHACKLETT,  R.  J. 
STITH,  THO.  J. 
STANFIELD,  K.  O. 
THORNTON,  WILLIAM. 
TULL,  WILLIS  C. 
TRADER,  JAMES. 
VAN  METER,  D.  R. 
VAUGHN,  JEFFERSON. 
VAUGHN,  JESSE. 
VICK,  D.  L. 

WALLACE,  ROBERT  C. 
WITHERS,  SAMUEL. 
WITHERS,  WM. 
WALLACE,  WM.  R. 
WALLACE,  J.  C.,  JR. 
WALLACE,  W.  H. 
WILLIAMS,  ROBERT. 
WICKLIFFE,  A.  W. 
WORTHINGTON,  SAMUEL  G. 
WORTHINGTON,  WM.  F. 
WILLIAMS,  H.  S. 
WHITSITT,  WASHINGTON  L. 
WITHROW,  ROBERT  B. 
YARBROUGH,  DREW. 
YOUNGER,  TILLER. 
YOUNGER,  IDA. 


1014  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 


ROSTER  AND  MUSTER  ROLLS,  SECOND  ORGANIZATION. 

[NOTE. — Companies  C  and  D  of  the  first  organization  were  three-year  men, 
but  the  other  eight  companies  enlisted  for  but  one  year.  In  the  autumn  of  1862, 
when  the  time  of  these  men  began  to  expire,  the  regiment  was  reorganized  with 
eight  companies,  as  given  below.  These  included  the  companies  which  Col. 
Butler  recruited  in  Kentucky  during  the  Bragg  campaign,  and  which  were  con 
solidated  with  the  First  Kentucky  early  in  1863.  The  great  majority  of  the  one- 
year  volunteers  reenlisted  in  this  and  other  regiments.  So  many  of  the  officers 
and  men  of  the  old  command  took  service  in  the  new  that  it  was  essentially  the 
First  Kentucky  Cavalry,  not  only  in  name,  but  in  spirit  and  efficiency  as  a  dis 
tinctive  body  which  it  had  acquired  under  the  training  and  leadership  of  the  first 
commander,  Helm.] 

FIELD    AND    STAFF. 

J.  RUSSELL  BUTLER,  Frankfort,  colonel,  served  during  the  war. 
Died  in  Louisville  some  years  after  it  closed. 

JACOB  W.  GRIFFITH,  lieutenant-colonel.  (See  Co.  E,  first  or 
ganization.) 

J.  Q.  CHENOWETH,  major.      (See  biography.) 

GUY  FLUSSER,  adjutant  from  May  13,  1862.  (See  Co.  E,  first  or 
ganization.) 

O.  F.  PAYNE  ("SUNNY"),  adjutant  from  March  i,  1863;  was 
murdered  in  Paris,  Ky.,  after  the  war,  by  a  Federal  officer. 

JOHN  G.  JONES,  Shelby  County,  A.  Q.  M.;  had  been  captain  of 
Co.  K,  Sixth  Kentucky  Infantry  ;  was  subsequently  division  quar 
termaster. 

E.  H.  ENGLISH,  A.  C.  S. 

W.  H.  GALT,  Louisville,  surgeon;  was  subsequently  chief  medical 
officer  of  division. 

A.  B.  BOSLEY,  Daveiss  County,  assistant  surgeon. 

S.  M.  LEWIS,  assistant  surgeon  from  March  i,  1863. 

J.  R.  HINKLE,  sergeant-major. 

MICAJAH  MAYFIELD,  quartermaster-sergeant  from  Nov.  11,1862. 

GUY  ELDER,  commissary-sergeant. 

HUGH  LEONARD,  Frankfort,  ordnance-sergeant. 

THOMAS  RICHARDS,  chief  bugler. 

At  some  time,  under  either  the  first  or  second  organization,  the  fol 
lowing  names  are  found  on  the  roster  captured  in  Richmond  as  having 
been  connected  with  this  field  and  staff: 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  1015 

H.  C.  Leavell,  lieutenant-colonel;  John  Allen,  lieutenant-colonel; 
J.  W.  Caldwell,  major;  George  Wright,  Thomas  W.  Napier,  C.  W. 
Ford,  A.  S.  English,  and  William  Timberlake,  each  as  quartermaster; 
R.  M.  Morehead  and  R.  S.  Hunter,  as  chaplains  ;  W.  W.  Garrett, 
sergeant-major,  and  W.  E.  Russell  and  William  Killebrew,  as  quarter 
master-sergeants. 


COMPANY  A. 

W.  J.  TAYLOR,  captain,  elected  in  June,  1863  ;  was  wounded  at 
Snake  Creek  Gap,  Ga.,  May  9,  1864;  also  in  fight  near  Madison- 
ville,  Ky.,  April  12,  1865.  (See  Incidents  and  Anecdotes  after 
Chapter  V.) 

THOMAS  C.  JONES,  first  lieutenant.  (See  first  Co.  C  ;  see  also 
biography. ) 

JOSEPH  M.  YEWELL,  second  lieutenant,  promoted  from  third  lieu 
tenant;  died  at  Ringgold,  Ga.,  Jan.  26,  1864. 

RUSH  IRWIN,  third  lieutenant,  promoted  to  second  lieutenant,  Jan. 
26,  1864;  was  wounded  by  saber  cut  in  a  fight  with  a  detachment 
of  Stoneman's  Cavalry  below  Newnan,  Ga.,  1864. 

JOHN  S.  HINKLE,  third  lieutenant,  elected  by  the  company,  Feb. 
i,  1864. 

B.  A.  VAUGHN,  first  sergeant ;  killed  near  Beech  Grove,  Tenn. , 
Jan.  24,  1863. 

[Name  of  second  sergeant  not  ascertained.] 

JAMES  H.  BOZARTH,  third  sergeant,  promoted  to  first  sergeant, 
Oct.  9,  1862.  (See  account  of  fight  in  Hopkins  County,  Ky., 
after  Chapter  V.) 

W.  H.  McKAY,  fourth  sergeant. 

WILLIAMM.  LASHBROOK,  fifth  sergeant;  promoted  to  second 
sergeant,  Oct.  9,  1862. 

PHILIP  A.  POINTER,  first  corporal;  was  afterward  promoted  to 
third  sergeant.  (See  Incidents  and  Anecdotes  after  Chapter  V.) 

A.  N.  CONYERS,  second  corporal,  wounded  at  Dug  Gap,  May  8, 
1864. 

S.  H.  MOBERLY,  third  corporal,  wounded  at  Charleston,  Tenn., 
Dec.  28,  1863. 

S.  D.  LASHBROOK,  fourth  corporal,  captured  at  Snake  Creek  Gap, 
May  9,  1864.  Died  in  Rock  Island  prison. 

WM.  T.  ELLIS,  Daveiss  County,  fifth  corporal,  promoted  to  ser 
geant.  (See  biography.) 

J.  H.  MOBERLY,  company  bugler,  captured  at  Charleston,  Tenn., 
Dec.  28,  1863;  escaped  at  Kelly's  Ferry,  but  was  recaptured; 
afterward  escaped  from  Rock  Island  prison  into  Canada. 


1016  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

ABELL,  ELISHA,  Daveiss  County,  served  to  the  close.  He  was- 
one  of  the  picked  men  engaged  at  Jug  Tavern. 

AULL,  WM.  T.,  Daveiss  County,  was  in  all  the  engagements  of  his 
company  till  desperately  wounded  and  disabled.  Lost  a  leg  in 
the  battle  of  Saltville,  Oct.  2,  1864. 

ANDERSON,  JAMES,  Daveiss  County,  died  of  consumption  in  1863. 

ANDERSON,  JOHN,  Wilson  County,  Tenn.,  enlisted  in  this  com 
pany  in  1863,  and  served  to  the  close.  Was  a  student  in  Lexing 
ton,  Ky.,  after  the  war. 

BOWLES,  PIUS  J.,  Daveiss  County. 

BELL,  J.  HARVEY,  Daveiss  County,  served  to  the  close.  Afterward 
became  insane  and  died  in  the  Western  Asylum  (at  Hopkinsville). 

BOSLEY,  A.  B.,  Daveiss  County,  after  serving  in  the  ranks  till  June 
24,  1863,  he  was  appointed  hospital  steward ;  became  subsequently 
assistant  surgeon  of  regiment — being  a  medical  graduate. 

BUTLER,  D.  B.,  Daveiss  County,  was  killed  at  Louisville,  Ga.,. 
Nov.  30,  1864. 

BARRON,  ALEXANDER,  Daveiss  County,  killed  at  Louisville,  Ga., 
Nov.  30,  1864. 

BARRON,  EILBECK,  Daveiss  County,  went  with  Morgan  on  the 
Indiana  and  Ohio  raid,  during  which  he  was  wounded  and  cap 
tured.  Is  now  (1898)  blind. 

BRADLEY,  WM. ,  Daveiss  County,   was  discharged,  Jan.  25,  1863. 

CAMPBELL,  J.  H.,  Daveiss  County,  was  wounded  near  Tullahoma, 
Tenn.,  July,  1862. 

COFFIELD,  CAMPBELL,  Daveiss  County,  was  captured  at  Farm- 
ington,  Tenn.,  Oct.  8,  1863. 

CLEMENTS,  JOHN. 
CARRICO,  JAS.  D. 

CONYER,  JOHN  M.,  was  shot  in  left  arm  in  Sequatchie  Valley, 
Oct.  2,  1863;  was  wounded  and  captured  at  Snake  Creek  Gap, 
May  9,  1864,  and  died  in  Rock  Island  prison. 

CARTER,  JAS.,  Daveiss  County. 

CARLIN,  CHARLES  P.,  Daveiss  County,  went  with  Morgan  on  the 
Indiana  and  Ohio  raid,  during  which  he  was  captured. 

DEANE,  S.  M.,  Daveiss  County,  was  discharged  July,  1862.     Died 

in  Owensboro  in  1895. 
DUNCAN,  FRANK,  Daveiss  County. 

EWING,  J.  D. ,  Daveiss  County,  was  captured  at  Farmington,  Tenn.r 

Oct.  8,  1863. 
FIELDS,  JOHN,  Daveiss  County,  served  to  the  close.     Now  (1898) 

an  architect,  resident  in  Chicago,  111. 

FAULKNER,  F.  M.,  was  captured  July  13,  1864,  and  imprisoned  at 
Camp  Douglas. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  1017 

GEORGE,  RICHARD,  was  severely  wounded  in  the  charge  on  the 
stockade  at  Tullahoma,  Tenn.,  July,  1862. 

GRIFFIN,  F.  M.,  Daveiss  County. 

GRIFFITH,  WM.,  Daveiss  County. 

GROOMS,  FROSTY,  Daveiss  County,  was  discharged  in  1862. 

HIGDON,  THOMAS,  Daveiss  County,  was  killed  in  Murfreesboro', 
Tenn.,  in  Forrest's  charge  on  the  Court  House,  July  13,  1862. 

HENNING,  ALBERT,  Daveiss  County,  served  to  the  close.  "  Not 
yet,"  says  a  comrade  (1898),  "very  much  reconstructed,  and 
wants  now  to  try  his  hand  on  Spain." 

HARDESTY,  BENJAMIN,  Daveiss  County,  captured  near  Liberty, 
Tenn.,  and  died  in  prison  at  Camp  Douglas,  July  13,  1864. 

HARDESTY,  JAMES  C.,  Daveiss  County,  was  captured  June  6, 
1863;  died  in  prison  at  Camp  Douglas. 

HARRISON,  DAVID,  Hancock  County,  was  captured  at  Charleston, 

Tenn.,   Dec.  28,  1863. 
HAWES,  A.  G. ,  Daveiss  County,  served  to  the  close.    Died  in  1893. 

HALL,  HARMON,  Daveiss  County,  served  to  the  close.  Was  for 
some  time  a  lieutenant.  Became  after  the  war  a  citizen  of 
Arkansas,  where  he  died  some  years  ago. 

HERRON,  ELISHA,  Daveiss  County,  served  to  the  close.     Settled 

in  Georgia  after  the  war  closed,  and  still  a  resident  there. 
HOLMAN,  WM.  T. 

HILL,  HOMER,  Henderson  County,  served  to  the  close.  Died  at 
home  some  years  ago. 

HOWARD,  T.  Y.,  Daveiss  County,  served  to  the  close. 

JONES,  G.  H.,  Daveiss  County,  went  with  Morgan  on  the  Indiana 
and  Ohio  raid  and  was  captured. 

JONES,  J.  F.,  Daveiss  County. 

JONES,  WM.,  Daveiss  County,  died  at  Bowling  Green,  Ky.,  January, 

1862. 

JONES,  T.  B.,  Daveiss  County,  served  to  the  close. 
KIRK,  T.  P.,  Daviess  County,  served  to  the  close. 
KELLY,  S.  D.,  Daveiss  County. 

LEWIS,  S.  M.,  Daveiss  County,  was  appointed  assistant  surgeon, 
March  i,  1863,  after  having  served  long  in  the  ranks.  Died  in 
Nelson  County  some  years  ago. 

LACKLIN,  THOMAS  M.,  Daveiss  County,  died  on  Big  Barren 
River,  January,  1862. 

MOSLEY,  CORNELIUS,  Daveiss  County,  was  appointed  corporal; 
was  afterward  second  lieutenant,  Co.  H,  Eighth  Kentucky  Cav 
alry,  and  served  to  the  close. 

McKIEG,  D.  W.,  Daveiss  County. 


1018  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

MOSELEY,  D.  P.,  Daveiss  County,  served  to  the  close.  Now  (1898) 
a  citizen  of  Ohio  County. 

MOSELEY,  J.  W.,  Daveiss  County,  captured  at  Charleston,  Tenn., 
Dec.  28,  1863,  after  having  taken  part  in  all  the  operations  of  his 
company  to  that  time.  Was  not  exchanged  till  March,  1865, 
after  which  he  returned  to  his  command.  Is  now  (1898)  a  citizen 
of  Ohio  County. 

MORRIS,  WM.,  Daveiss  County,  served  till  the  close.  Had  served 
during  the  Mexican  War. 

McDANIEL,  WALTER.  (See  account  of  the  Hopkins  County  fight 
after  Chapter  V.)  Is  now  (1898)  a  citizen  of  Texas. 

McDANIEL,  IGNATIUS,  Daveiss  County,  died  at  Bowling  Green, 
Dec.  1 86 1. 

McKAY,  J.  C.,  Daveiss  County,  served  to  the  close.  Now  (1898) 
a  citizen  of  Mississippi. 

MORTON,  JAS.  S.,  Ohio  County,  was  a  lieutenant  of  an  infantry 
company ;  served  afterward  as  private  in  -this  company  (A) ;  was 
subsequently  a  lieutenant  in  the  Tenth  Kentucky  Cavalry.  Now 
(1898)  a  citizen  of  Hartford,  Ky. 

MORTON,  DAVID,  Daveiss  County,  enlisted  from  Memphis,  Tenn., 
and  served  to  the  close. 

McBRIDE,  WM.,  Daveiss  County,  served  to  the  close.  Died  at 
home  in  1892. 

MILLER,  W.  H. 

MURPHY,  T.  M.,  Daveiss  County,  served  to  the  close. 

MONOHAN,  PAT,  Daveiss  County,  served  to  the  close.  Died  at 
home  in  1889. 

MAHAN,  PAT,  died  in  prison. 

MELTON,  ALEXANDER,  Daveiss  County,  was  wounded  and  cap 
tured  at  Sweeden's  Cove,  May,  1862. 

MOORMAN,  S.  M.,  Daveiss  County,  was  regimental  commissary; 
afterward  commissary  of  brigade  for  Gen.  Hanson ;  then 
post-commissary  at  LaGrange,  Ga.,  where  he  died  before  the  war 
closed. 

NELSON,  WILLIAM,  Ohio  County,  was  a  minister  of  the  Christian 
Church;  served  for  awhile  as  chaplain  of  the  First  Kentucky; 
was  discharged  in  July,  1862.  He  died  at  home  some  time  after 
the  war. 

NASH,  JOHN  W.,  Daveiss  County. 

PRIEST,  L.  L.,  a  native  Kentuckian  who  enlisted  from  Memphis, 
Tenn.,  served  to  the  close.  Is  now  (1898)  a  citizen  of  Mont 
gomery  County. 

PARK,  N.  G.,  Daveiss  County,  served  to  the  close.  Died  at  home 
in  1802. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  1019 

PARTRIDGE,  WILLIAM  M.,  Daveiss  County,  was  captured  July 
22,  1864,  by  three  men,  one  of  whom  killed  Maj.  McCauley  un 
necessarily,  though  Partridge  begged  him  not  to  shoot.  When  a 
part  of  the  First  Cavalry  dashed  up  and  were  close  enough  to 
succor  him,  he  seized  his  rifle  and  killed  McCauley's  slayer,  and, 
with  the  dead  man's  gun,  killed  another;  then  collaring  the  third 
man  before  he  could  fire,  he  led  him  away  prisoner. 

PURCELL,  WESLEY,  Daveiss  County,  was  discharged  in  July, 
1862,  and  died  shortly  after  the  war. 

RAY,  RICHARD,  Daveiss  County,  served  to  the  close.  Died  at 
home  shortly  after  the  war. 

RAY,  ENOCH,  Daveiss  County,  was  captured  Oct.  4,  1863. 

SUTTON,  P.  W. ,  Daveiss  County,  died  of  wound  received  at  Mission 
Ridge,  Dec.  25,  1863. 

SPEER,  W.  J.,  Oldham  County,  was  for  awhile  first  sergeant;  served 
to  the  close.  Is  now  (1898)  a  citizen  of  Alton,  Ky. 

STOWERS,  J.  W.,  ("Chap"),  Daveiss  County,  was  killed  by  bush 
whackers  near  Jamestown,  Ky.,  during  Bragg's  campaign,  1862. 
(See  Co.  D,  first  organization.) 

STOWERS,  J.  W. ,  Daveiss  County,  served  to  the  close.  Is  now 
(1898)  a  citizen  of  Simpson  County. 

TAYLOR,  A.  R. ,  Daveiss  County,  afterward  captain  of  Co.  B,  Eighth 
Kentucky  Cavalry  ;  served  to  the  close.  Was  a  member  of  the 
convention  that  drafted  the  present  constitution  of  Missouri. 

TAYLOR,  JOHN,  Daveiss  County,  died  of  wound  June  28,  1864, 
having  taken  part  in  all  the  engagements  of  his  company  to  that 
time. 

TABOR,  JAMES,  Daveiss  County,  was  captured  Jan.  24,  1863. 
Died  many  years  ago. 

THOMAS,  JOHN,  Daveiss  County,  served  to  the  close.  Married  in 
Alabama  just  after  the  war,  and  since  that  time  has  been  a  citizen 
of  that  State. 

THOMPSON,  FRANK  M.,  Daveiss  County,  was  in  all  the  engage 
ments  of  his  company  till  he  was  killed  in  battle  at  Louisville,  Ga., 
Nov.  30,  1864. 

TRIMBLE,  THOMAS. 

TRIPLETT,  GEORGE  W.,  Owensboro,  was  afterward  quartermas 
ter;  later  a  member  of  the  Confederate  Congress.  Died  in 
Owensboro  about  twenty  years  after  the  war. 

WILLIAMS,  J.  D.,  Daveiss  County.  No  facts  as  to  his  services 
known  to  the  writer.  He  died  at  home  in  1892. 

WILLIAMS,  J.  T. ,  Henderson  County,  served  to  the  close. 

WESTERFIELD,  J.  H.,  Ohio  County,  after  serving  some  time  in  the 
ranks  of  this  company  (A)  he  became  third  lieutenant  of  Co.  H, 
Eighth  Kentuclcy  Cavalry,  and  served  to  the  close. 


1020  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

WAYNE,  JOSEPH  D.,  Daveiss  County. 
WILHOIT,  W.  M.,  Oldham  County,  served  to  the  close. 
WALKER,  SAMUEL,  Daveiss  County,  was  killed  May  9,  1864. 
WILSON,  BEN,  Wilson  County,  Term. 

WOOD,  R.  M.,  Oldham  County,  was  captured  June  24,  1863,  and 
died  in  prison. 

YEWELL,  JOHN,  Daveiss  County,  was  in  all  the  operations  of  his 
company  till  sometime  in  1862,  when  he  died  at  Bardstown,  Ky. 

YEISER,  A.  R.,  Daveiss  County,  served  to  the  close,  and  "  is  not 
yet,"  says  a  comrade,  "much  better  reconstructed  than  he  was 
when  Sumter  was  fired  on." 

COMPANY  B. 

JACK  JONES,  Jefferson  County,  captain,  was  killed  in  the  battle  at 
Sequatchie  Valley,  Oct.  2,  1863. 

GEO.  W.  BECKLEY,  captain,  was  promoted  from  first  lieutenant. 
(See  Co.  E,  first  organization.) 

BEN  W.  THOMAS,  Spencer  County,  first  lieutenant,  was  promoted 
from  second  lieutenant;  was  captured  at  Dirt  Town,  Ga.,  Sept. 
13,  1863. 

ALONZO  W.  GRAHAM,  Jefferson  County,  second  lieutenant,  cap 
tured  at  Alexandria,  Tenn.,  June  4,  1863;  was  brought  to  the 
Louisville  prison  barracks,  Tenth  and  Broadway ;  was  taken 
thence  to  Johnson's  Island;  was  exchanged  and  reached  his  com 
pany  the  night  before  battle  of  Bentonville,  N.  C.,  in  which  he 
took  part.  Died  at  home  in  1867. 

JOSEPH  E.  VINCENT,  Oldham  County.  (See  Co.  E,  first  organ 
ization.) 

AUGUSTUS  M.  HEAD,  Oldham  County.  (See  Co.  E,  first  organiza 
tion.) 

GEO.  E.  RUSSELL,  Jefferson  County,  second  sergeant,  was  pro 
moted  from  fifth  sergeant;  was  captured  in  Sweeden's  Cove, 
1862.  (See  Co.  E,  first  organization.) 

E.  POLK  JOHNSON,  Jefferson  County,  third  sergeant,  afterward 
second  sergeant.  (See  biographical  sketch.) 

JAMES  E.  MILES,  Jefferson  County,  fourth  sergeant.  In  nearly 
every  engagement  of  his  company,  serving  to  the  last.  Died  in 
Talladega,  Ala.,  1895. 

B.  F.  CAMP,  fifth  sergeant,  was  promoted  from  second  to  first  cor 
poral,  then  to  fifth  sergeant;  joined  Co.  E,  first  organization, 
and  reenlisted  in  this  company.  Fought  at  Perry ville,  Oct., 
1862;  Stone  River,  with  Orphan  Brigade,  Jan.  2,  1863;  Chick- 
amauga;  (was  absent  sick  during  fight  in  Sequatchie  Valley); 
Mission  Ridge ;  in  the  skirmishes  from  Mission  Ridge  to  Ring- 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  1021 

gold ;  fought  also  at  Dug  Gap,  Resaca,  Intrenchment  Creek, 
and  at  Saltville,  W.  Va.;  was  in  all  skirmishes  afterward 
up  to  battle  of  Bentonville.  Was  shot  through  the  whiskers 
at  Liberty,  Tenn.,  spring  of  1863  >  snot  once  through  the  boot 
leg  at  Chickamauga  Station,  and  had  hammer  shot  off  his  gun 
while  loading ;  was  scraped  on  the  leg  by  a  bullet  on  Dalton- 
Atlanta  campaign.  Surrendered  at  Washington,  Ga. ,  but  though 
honorably  paroled,  he  was  indicted  in  Louisville  for  treason,  and 
the  jury  was  ready  to  try  the  case  when  a  pardon,  which  had  been 
secured  by  his  friend  and  former  law  partner,  Jas.  Speed,  who 
was  then  Attorney-General,  was  received  in  time  to  stop  the  trial. 

J.  S.  WILHOITE,  Oldham  County,  first  corporal,  was  promoted  from 
third  to  second,  then  to  first  corporal.  Fought  with  this  command 
to  the  close. 

COLEMAN  BASYE,  Shelby  County,  second  corporal,  was  in  every 
engagement  of  his  command.  Now  (1898)  a  citizen  of  Neosho, 
Mo. 

BENNETT,  W.  G. ,  Louisville,  was  captured  in  battle  at  Mission 
Ridge,  Nov.  25,  1863. 

BENTON,  PARKER,  Oldham  County.  (See  Co.  E,  first  organiza 
tion.) 

BOWMAN,  ROBERT,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  enlisted  at  Chattanooga,  in 
1862,  and  fought  with  his'  company  to  the  last.  "As  gallant  a 
soldier,"  said  a  friend  and  comrade,  "  as  ever  lived." 

BARKER,  AUGUSTUS,  was  captured  near  Chattanooga,  Sept.  22, 
1863. 

BURRIS,  CLARKE,  was  captured  on  the  retreat  from  Tullahoma, 
June,  1863;  returned  to  company  after  exchange  and  was  killed 
in  front  of  Atlanta,  1864. 

BROWN,  WM.,  was  once  taken  prisoner. 

BAKER,  W.  D.,  was  killed  in  the  battle  at  Saltville,  Va.,  Oct.  2,  1864. 

BECKLEY,  J.  H.,  Jefferson  County,  died  of  disease  at  Fairfield, 
Tenn.,  March  29,  1863. 

CROAN  (or  CROGHAN),  R.  H.,  Bullitt  County,  was  slightly 
wounded  in  Sequatchie  Valley,  Oct.  2,  1863  ;  on  the  retreat  from 
Mission  Ridge,  Nov.  26,  1863,  was  again  wounded — of  which 
latter  wound  he  died  at  Marietta,  Ga.,  Dec.  i,  1863. 

CARR,  R.,  was  promoted  to  captaincy  in  another  command  and  after 
ward  killed  in  battle. 

CUTTER,  JOHN,  New  Hampshire,  was  captured  at  Dechard,Tenn. , 
July  28,  1863. 

CAVE,  J.  H.,  was  captured  in  Kentucky  in  1864,  and  ordered  by 
Burbridge  to  be  shot,  but  his  life  was  saved  by  interposition  of 
members  of  the  Masonic  order,  to  which  he  belonged ;  was  ex 
changed  and  returned  to  command,  after  which  he  remained  to 
the  close ;  was  for  a  time  a  member  of  Co.  E,  second  organization. 


1022  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

COYLE,  SCOTT,  was  captured  at  Smithville,  Tenn.,  June  5,  1863. 

COBURN,  A.,  Louisiana,  was  captured  in  Sequatchie  Valley,  Oct. 
2,  1863;  died  at  Camp  Morton,  Indiana. 

CAMP,  JOSHUA  SPEED,  Jefferson  County,  was  orderly  for  Gen. 
Hardee  for  a  year  before  he  joined  this  company ;  was  but  a  boy 
when  enlisted,  but  served  bravely  and  faithfully  to  the  last ;  died  at 
home  in  January,  1871. 

ELLISON,  DAVID  ("Shaker"),  Warren  County,  was  killed  in  bat 
tle  near  Atlanta,  1864. 

FREEMAN,  D.  LEONARD,  Oldham  County,  in  nearly  every  en 
gagement  of  his  company  to  the  close  ;  was  killed  in  Kansas  by 
railroad  accident  several  years  after  the  war. 

GRIFFITH,  NEWTON,  Oldham  County,  was  connected  with  the 
regiment  to  the  close. 

GRIFFITH,  THOMAS,  Oldham  County,  was  wounded  in  Sweeden's 
Cove. 

HARRIS,  JOHN,  Jefferson  County,  accidentally  wounded  himself  in 
the  knee  at  Smithville,  N.  C.,  March,  1865;  had  leg  amputated, 
soon  after  which  he  died.  He  was  in  all  the  engagements  of  his 
command  till  disabled. 

HARRIS,  CICERO,  Jefferson  County  >  was  at  one  time  a  sergeant,  but 
was  returned  to  ranks  at  his  own  request ;  was  wounded  at  Hoover's 
Gap,  June  24,  1863;  accidentally  wounded  himself  in  North  Car 
olina,  in  April,  1865,  and  was  left  in  the  neighborhood  when  the  . 
command  resumed  the  march.  It  was  supposed  that  his  wound 
was  mortal,  but  he  recovered  and  lived  from  ten  to  fifteen  years 
after  the  war. 

HUTCHISON,  O.  H.,  Texas,  joined  this  company  soon  after  the 
reorganization,  and  served  faithfully  and  bravely  to  the  last. 
After  the  war  he  returned  to  Texas. 

HAMILTON,  ISAIAH("  Belzie"),  Jeffersonville,  Ind.,  was  wounded 
desperately  and  captured  in  Sequatchie  Valley,  Oct.  2,  1863  ;  was 
not  exchanged  before  the  war  closed. 

HANCOCK,  JOHN  H.  ("the  squirrel  shooter")',  Kentucky,  a  very 
old  man,  and  a  very  deliberate  fighter,  aiming  to  make  every  shot 
effective.  Was  in  every  engagement  of  the  command  to  the  close. 
Had  served  in  the  Mexican  war. 

HANLON,  JOHN,  Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  joined  this  company  in  1862  ; 
was  in  all  the  engagements  till  he  was  killed  at  Noonday  Church, 
Ga. ,  June  20,  1864. 

HARDY,  ALFRED,  Louisville,  was  a  member  of  another  company 
till  the  reorganization ;  was  in  all  engagements  till  transferred  to 
Second  Kentucky  Cavalry,  in  1863.  Served  with  this  thereafter 
to  the  close. 

HINKLE,  JNO.  R.,  Shelby  County.  (See  Co.  E,  first  organiza 
tion.) 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  1023 

HAGAN,  ALEXANDER,  Shelby  County,  was  captured  on  retreat 
from  Mission  Ridge,  Nov.  26,  1863  ;  was  not  exchanged,  and  so 
remained  in  prison  till  the  war  closed. 

HERR,  WM.  WALLACE,  Jefferson  County.     (See  biography.) 

JONES,  HENRY,  Illinois,  was  wounded  and  captured  in  Sequatchie 
Valley,  Oct.  2,  1863.  Was  a  Union  soldier  in  1861,  but  had 
trouble  with  his  captain  and  transferred  himself  to  this  company 
for  Confederate  service. 

LOW,  JOHN,  Jeffers.on  County,  was  discharged,  Oct.  20,  1863,  on 
account  of  disability  by  disease. 

LONG,  LEMUEL,  Shelby  County. 

MAYFIELD,  MICAJAH,  Shelby  County,  was  for  a  while  wagon- 
master.  Served  with  the  regiment  to  the  close.  (See  Co.  E,  first 
organization.) 

MOSELEY,  PETER,  Winchester,  Tenn.,  remained  to  the  close. 
Died  at  home  in  1897. 

RUSSELL,  WM.,  Shelby  County.     (See  Co.  E.) 
RUSSELL,  WM.,  Oldham  County,  served  to  the  close. 

SMITH,  JOHN  W.,  Jefferson  County,  was  struck  in  the  hip  at  Gun- 
tersville  by  a  ball  which  ran  down  and  around  the  leg  and  lodged 
at  the  knee  on  the  inside.  Capt.  Beckley  cut  it  out  with  his 
pocketknife,  on  the  spot,  and  Smith  continued  the  fight.  Re 
mained  in  the  service  to  the  close. 

SHERLEY,  JOHN.      (See  Co.  E,  first  organization.) 

VINCENT,  JOHN,  Oldham  County,  captured  at  Charleston,  Tenn., 
Dec.  28,  1863;  was  taken  to  Rock  Island;  was  at  length  ex 
changed  and  reached  his  company  a  short  time  before  the  war 
closed.  Died  at  home,  July  9,  1878. 

VINCENT,  J.  LYTER  ("Burgoyne"),  Oldham  County,  was  cap 
tured  in  Tennessee  in  1862  and  kept  in  prison  till  the  war  closed. 
Died  at  home,  March  2,  1875. 

WISE,  JOHN,  Jefferson  County,  served  faithfully  through  the  war. 

WINCHESTER,  JOHN  P.,  Jefferson  County,  was  captured  at 
Charleston,  Tenn.,  Dec.  28,  1863  ;  but  was  exchanged  in  March, 
1865,  and  rejoined  his  company. 

WISOTZKI,  JOHN  F.,  Louisville,  was  on  clerical  duty  for  some  time 
in  the  office  of  Gen.  Sidney  Johnston.  When  he  was  relieved  he 
joined  this  company  and  served  with  it  to  the  close. 

WOLFRAM,  GEORGE,  Jefferson  County.  (See  Co.  E,  first  or 
ganization.) 

(NOTE. — When  the  war  closed  there  had  been  changes  among  the  non-com 
missioned  officers,  and  James  E.  Miles  was  first  sergeant  ;  E.  Polk  Johnson  sec 
ond  sergeant,  present  and  commanding  company  ;  and  B.  F.  Camp,  third  ser 
geant.) 


1024  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 


COMPANY  C. 

THOMAS  A.  IRELAND,  Owen  County,  captain,  resigned  at  Fair- 
field,  Tenn.,  March,  1863,  because  of  disability  by  disease.  Died 
at  home  in  1893. 

JOHN  N.  WITT,  Owen  County,  captain;  promoted  from  first  lieu 
tenant;  was  killed  by  a  sharpshooter,  while  on  the  skirmish  line, 
at  Louisville,  Ga.,  Nov.  30,  1864. 

HAMLET  SANFORD,  Owen  County,  first  lieutenant;  promoted 
from  second  lieutenant;  captured  at  Liberty,  June  6,  1863. 

SAMUEL  Z.  HERNDON,  Owen  County,  second  lieutenant;  cap 
tured  at  Charleston,  Tenn.,  Dec.  28,  1863. 

JAMES  A.  SUTER,  Owen  County,  third  lieutenant ;  promoted  from 
first  sergeant.  Served  throughout  the  war. 

JOHN  M.  HERNDON,  Owen  County,  was  transferred  from  Co.  D, 
Fourth  Kentucky  Infantry,  Jan.  15,  1863.  While  a  member  of 
the  Fourth  Infantry  he  was  made  brigade  wagonmaster  (at  Oak 
land  Station),  and  served  as  such  till  the  battle  of  Stone  River, 
when  he  was  relieved  at  his  own  request  and  took  part  in  that 
battle.  At  Tullahoma,  shortly  afterward  (as  noted  above),  he 
was  transferred  to  this  company,  with  which  he  took  part  in  the 
engagements  to  the  close.  Surrendered  near  Savannah  River, 
May  10,  1865.  He  was  for  some  time  first  sergeant  of  his  com 
pany. 

W.  E.  WITT,  Owen  County,  second  sergeant;  promoted  from  third 
sergeant ;  was  in  all  the  engagements  of  his  command  to  the  close. 

JAMES  HAYDON,  Owen  County,  third  sergeant;  promoted  from 
fourth  sergeant;  served  to  the  close.  Was  drowned  at  Lock 
No.  3,  Kentucky  River,  about  two  years  after  the  war. 

T.  A.  SANDERS,  Owen  County,  third  sergeant  for  some  time;  was 
in  the  battle  at  Perryville  and  all  subsequent  engagements  to  the 
close. 

ANTHONY  THOMAS,  Owen  County,  fourth  sergeant ;  was  in  bat 
tle  of  Perryville  and  all  subsequent  engagements  to  the  close. 
Died  at  home  in  1880. 

W.  W.  SMITH,  Owen  County,  was  for  some  time  fourth  sergeant; 
was  in  battle  of  Perryville  and  all  subsequent  engagements  to  the 
close. 

J.  B.  HANCOCK,  first  corporal. 

JACKSON  ALDRIDGE,  for  some  time  first  corporal. 

J.  J.  THOMAS,  Owen  County,  was  for  some  time  first  corporal — 
promoted  from  second  corporal. 

R.  M.  TRUE,  Owen  County,  second  corporal,  was  at  the  battle  of 
Perryville  and  all  subsequent  engagements  to  the  close.  Died  at 
home  in  1887. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  1025 

LYMAN  M.  SUTER,  Owen  County,  third  corporal,  was  captured  at 
Ultawa,  Nov.  25,  1863;  was  exchanged  and  returned  to  company, 
with  which  he  served  to  the  close. 

JOHN  THORNTON,  Owen  County,  for  some  time  third  corporal. 
Died  at  Sweetwater,  Tenn.,  Dec.  15,  1862. 

ALDRIDGE,  BEN  F.,  Owen  County,  company  blacksmith. 

ANNIS,  L.  A.,  died  at  Sparta,  Tenn.,  May  2,  1863. 

ABBOTT,  THOMAS. 

BATES,  THOMAS,  was  captured  at  Eutaw,  Tenn.,  Nov.  25,  1863. 

BURTON,  ANDERSON,  was  in  battle  of  Perryville  and  subsequent 
engagements,  including  Stone  River.  After  that,  was  detailed  to 
drive  wagon  with  blacksmithing  outfit,  and  continued  to  serve 
thus  till  close  of  war.  Now  (1898)  a  citizen  of  Missouri. 

BIBB,  L.  H.,  was  transferred  to  Fourth  Kentucky  Cavalry. 

BARNETT,  AMBROSE. 

BIBB,  W.  H.,  died  at  Fairfield,  Tenn.,  March  5,  1863. 

CARTER,  JORDAN,  was  sixty  years  old  ;  never  did  any  active 
service,  but  remained  with  the  company  until  the  surrender.  He 
died  in  Owen  County  after  the  war. 

CARTER,  JOSEPH,  was  captured  at  Liberty,  June  7,  1863. 
CARTER,  JOSIAH  D. 

CRABBE,  NATHANIEL,  Owen  County,  was  captured  at  Chicka- 
mauga,  Nov.  26,  1863. 

CAMPBELL,  ALEXANDER,  was  in  the  battle  of  Stone  River  and 
all  subsequent  engagements  till  the  close. 

CUNNINGHAM,  JACOB  H.,  Owen  County,  was  very  young  when 
enlisted,  and  was  discharged  at  Fairfield,  Tenn.,  because  of  disa 
bility  by  disease. 

CHOWNING,  NED,  was  captured  at  Ultawa,  Nov.  25,  1863. 

CARTER,  J.  M.,  was  captured  at  Liberty,  Tenn. 

CHAPMAN,  F.  M.,  was  in  the  battle  of  Stone  River  and  all  subse 
quent  engagements  to  the  close.  Died  in  1883. 

CONDER,  W.  H.  ("Chip"),  Owen  County,  was  transferred  from  Co. 
D,  Fourth  Kentucky  Infantry,  Jan.  15,  1863;  took  part  in  the 
subsequent  engagements  till  he  was  captured  during  the  Charles 
ton  fight,  Dec.  28,  1863  ;  was  imprisoned  at  Rock  Island,  where 
he  remained  till  exchanged,  March  26,  1865  ;  then  rejoined  his 
company  and  served  till  the  surrender,  May  10,  1865. 

CRAIG,  JOE,  was  transferred  to  Fourth  Kentucky  Infantry,  Jan.  12, 

1863. 
DURHAM,  JOHN. 

DICKENS,  JAMES,  Henry  County,  took  part  in  the  battle  of  Perry 
ville  and  all  subsequent  engagements  to  the  close.  He  was  acci 
dentally  killed  thirty  years  after  the  war  (1895). 

65 


1026  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

DAWSON,  GEORGE,  Owen  County,  took  part  in  all  the  engage 
ments  of  his  company  from  first  to  last.  "One  of  the  best  all- 
around  soldiers,"  said  a  comrade,  "  that  I  ever  saw."  He  died 
at  home  about  1881. 

DAWSON,  J.  W. 

DUNLAP,  R. 

GILES,  THOMAS,  Owen  County,  was  captured  at  Snow  Hill,  Tenn. 

GODDARD,  W.  A.,  Owen  County. 

GLASS,  J.  M.,  Owen  County,  was  in  the  battle  of  Perry ville  and  all 
subsequent  engagements  to  the  close. 

GIBSON,  R. 

GUDGELL,  ELIJAH,  was  transferred  from  Morgan's  command, 
Sept.  25,  1864. 

HARDY,  WM.  H.,  Frankfort,  was  at  first  the  first  lieutenant  of  J. 
Aleck  Grant's  company  (1862),  but  when  that  company  was  con 
solidated  with  others  he  reported  to  Capt.  Witt,  and  was  in  all  en 
gagements  to  the  close. 

HAYNES,  JOHN,  was  captured  at  Pulaski,  Tenn.,  Oct.  16,  1863. 
HARDWICK,  JOSEPH,  joined  by  transfer. 

HARDIN,  SILAS  D.,  Henry  County,  was  transferred  to  Co.  D, 
Fourth  Kentucky  Infantry  (which  see),  Jan.  15,  1863,  and  took 
part  in  subsequent  engagements  with  that  command. 

HULL,  A.  J.,  was  transferred  to  Fourth  Kentucky  Infantry,  Jan.  15, 
1863. 

HALBERT,  B.  F.,  died  at  Sweetwater,  Tenn.,  Sept.  20,  1863. 

KINCAID,  ALFRED,  Owen  County,  was  in  all  the  engagements  of 
his  company  from  first  to  last.  Died  at  home  in  1868. 

KEMPER,  BEN  F.,  was  capturedat  Ultawa,  Tenn.,  Nov.  25,  1863. 

LUCAS,  SQUIRE  L.,  was  captured  at  Charleston,  Tenn.,  and  taken 
to  Rock  Island,  but  was  afterward  brought  home  sick,  and  died 
there. 

LINN,  AARON. 
LONG,  WILLIAM. 
MULLIN,  J.  G.,  wagonmaster. 

MOSS,  THOMAS  A.,  Owen  County,  was  in  battle  at  Perry ville^and 
subsequent  engagements,  including  Stone  River.  After  this  he 
was  detailed  as  regimental  blacksmith,  and,  as  such,  served  to  the 
close. 

MORGAN,  JOHN. 
MORGAN,  MINARD. 
PERKINS,  W.  D. 
PIERCE,  R. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  1027 

QUISENBERRY,  JAMES,  was  an  old  man,  and  generally  stayed 
with  the  wagons  and  looked  after  the  disabled  horses. 

RAZOR,  ADAM,  Owen  County,  served  well  and  faithfully  till  June 
20,  1864.  When  the  command  was  near  Pine  Mountain,  on  the 
Dalton-Atlanta  campaign,  he  and  Spot  Clarkson  (S.  B.),  of  Co. 
F.,  got  into  a  dispute  at  the  wagon  camp  in  rear  of  the  line 
(both  belonging  to  a  detail  sent  back  to  get  rations  for  the  men  at 
the  front),  in  the  course  of  which  both  men  fired,  and  Clarkson 
was  killed.  Razor  was  mortally  wounded  and  died  five  days 
afterward. 

RAZOR,  HENRY,  Owen  County.  No  facts  known  to  the  writer. 
Died  some  years  after  the  war. 

RAZOR,  DAVID,  Owen  County,  was  in  the  battle  of  Stone  River 
and  all  subsequent  engagements  to  the  close.  Died  at  home  about 
i873- 

ROBERTS,  H.  S.,  was  killed  at  Snake  Creek  Gap,  May  9,  1864. 

ROMANS,  J.  W. 

SMOOT,  W.  A. 

SCRUGGS,  MARCELLUS,  Owen  County,  was  captured  at  Charles 
ton,  Tenn.,  Dec.  28,  1863,  and  imprisoned  at  Rock  Island. 

SARGENT,  JAMES  K.,  was  captured  at  Liberty,  June  7,  1863. 
SMITH,  R.,  died  at  Sparta,  Tenn.,  May  21,  1863. 

SMITH,  MITCHELL,  teamster,  was  captured  at  Ultawa,  Tenn., 
Nov.  25,  1863. 

SMITH,  S.  P.,  Owen  County,  took  part  in  the  battle  at  Stone  River 
and  in  all  subsequent  engagements  to  the  close.  Is  now  (1898) 
a  citizen  of  Fort  Worth,  Tex. 

SMITH,  LEWIS,  driver  of  ambulance. 
SMITH,  GEORGE  W. 

STOFLETT,  JOHN,  was  captured  at  Harrison,  Tenn.,  Nov.  20, 
1863.  Died  of  small-pox  in  Rock  Island  prison,  January,  1864. 

SMITH,   RICHARD. 

SNELSON,  B.  R.,  was  transferred  to  Bullitt's  command,   Nov.    :o, 

1863. 

SCOTT,  JAMES. 
STAMPER,  W.,  Owen  County. 
SUTER,  NATHANIEL,  died  at  Fairfield,  Tenn.,  March  8,  1863. 

THOMAS,  SPENCER,  Owen  County,  was  in  all  the  engagements  of 
his  company  to  the  close. 

THOMAS,  FRANK,  Owen  County,  was  in  all  the  engagements  of 
his  company  to  the  close. 

THOMAS,  GEORGE  W.,  Owen  County,  was  in  all  the  engagements 
of  his  company  to  the  close. 


1028  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

THOMAS,  EDWARD,  Owen  County,  was  in  all  the  engagements  of 
his  company  to  the  close. 

THOMAS,  R. ,  Owen  County,  was  in  all  the  engagements  of  his  com 
pany  to  the  close. 

WAY,  R.  T. 

WITT,  ANDREW  J.,  Owen  County,  fought  at  Shiloh,  Vicksburg, 
and  Stone  River,  in  Co.  E,  Fourth  Kentucky  Infantry ;  was 
transferred  from  that  company  to  this  (Co.  C,  First  Kentucky 
Cavalry),  Jan.  20,  1863,  an<^  took  part  in  all  subsequent  engage 
ments  to  the  close. 

WILSON,  F.  F. 
WORKS,  JOHN. 
WILLIAMS,  A.  J. 


COMPANY  D. 

S.  B.  WILLIAMS,  Bullitt  County,  captain,  died  in  the  service,  at 
Fairfield,  Tenn.,  April  3,  1863. 

JEFF  ROGERS,  Bullitt  County,  captain;  promoted  from  second  lieu 
tenant  after  the  death  of  Williams.  Was  for  some  time  on  de 
tached  service,  but  did  his  duty  to  the  close.  Now  (1898)  a  citizen 
of  Uniontown. 

J.  McLAUGHLIN,  Jefferson  County,  first  lieutenant,  resigned  at 
Fairfield,  Tenn.,  April  4,  1863. 

BARNEY  LOGSDON,  Jefferson  County,  third  lieutenant,  was  pro 
moted  to  first  lieutenant,  April,  1863;  was  wounded  and  cap 
tured  at  Charleston,  Tenn.,  Dec.  28,  1863 ;  was  confined  in 
Rock  Island  prison  and  not  exchanged  till  March,  1865. 

SAMUEL  D.  BROOKS,  Bullitt  County,  first  sergeant ;  was  promoted 
to  second  lieutenant ;  was  at  times  the  ranking  officer  present  for 
duty  and  commanded  the  company  on  march  and  in  battle — serv 
ing  to  the  close. 

G.  R.  POPE,  Boyle  County,  for  some  time  a  second  lieutenant;  was 
wounded  at  Tunnel  Hill,  Ga.  ;  was  captured  at  Bentonville,  N. 
C.,  March  20,  1865,  and  remained  in  prison  till  the  close  of  the 
war. 

J.  R.  BARBER,  Jefferson  County,  was  some  time  first  sergeant;  was 
captured  at  the  Charleston  fight,  Dec.  28,  1863,  and  not  ex 
changed  till  March,  1865. 

G.  W.  SANDERS,  Bullitt  County,  second  sergeant ;  was  promoted  to 

first  sergeant ;  served  to  the  close. 

T.  J.  BELL,  Jefferson  County,  third  sergeant;  was  promoted  to  sec 
ond  sergeant ;  then  to  first  sergeant,  and  served  to  the  close. 
Died  March  27,  1885. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  1029 

W.  FRANK  STANDIFORD,  Jefferson  County,  fourth  sergeant;  was 
promoted  to  first  sergeant ;  was  killed  in  battle  at  Charleston, 
Tenn.,  Dec.  28,  1863. 

A.  B.  OVERALL,  Nelson  County,  third  sergeant ;  was  promoted  to 
second  sergeant;  was  captured  at  Harrison,  Tenn., Nov. 23, 1863. 

C.  R.  GRAFTON,  Jefferson  County,  fourth  sergeant ;  was  promoted 
to  third  sergeant;  was  captured  at  Charleston,  Tenn.,  Dec.  28, 
1863,  and  died  in  prison. 

W.  H.  FRAZIER,  Bullitt  County,  first  corporal;  served  to  the  close. 

A.  F.  BROOKS,  Bullitt  County,  second  corporal ;  was  promoted  to 
second  sergeant;  served  to  the  close. 

JAMES  McDOWELL,  Bullitt  County,  third  corporal;  served  to  the 

close. 
JOHN  F.  SHANKLIN,  Bullitt  County,  fourth  corporal ;  was  wounded 

in  the  hand  at  Hoover's  Gap,  June  24,  1863  ;  served  to  the  close. 

Died  Nov.  28,  1884. 

WILL  THURMAN,  Bullitt  County,  was  at  one  time  third  corporal; 
served  till  March,  1865,  when  he  was  discharged,  being  overage. 
Died  some  time  after  the  war. 

MORRIS  B.  STALLINGS,  Bullitt  County,  was  for  some  time  fourth 
corporal;  was  wounded  through  thigh  at  Columbia, S.  C.  ;  served 
to  the  close. 

ALLOWAY,  M.  C.,  Spencer  County,  served  to  the  close. 

ALLOWAY,  HENRY  M.,  Spencer  County,  died  at  Sweetwater, 
Tenn.,  Nov.  30,  1862. 

BURDETT,  W.,  killed  at  Stone  River,  Dec  31,  1862. 
BATES,  E. ,  Jefferson  County,  captured. 
BATES,  D.,  Jefferson  County,  captured. 
BELL,  JOHN  S.,   Bullitt  County. 

BURT,  A.  L. ,  Jefferson  County,  captured  at  Bentonville,  N.  C., 
March  20,  1865,  and  remained  in  prison  till  the  war  closed. 

BROOKS,  JAMES  B.,  Jefferson  County,  was  captured  at  Beech 
Grove,  Tenn.,  June  24,  1863;  remained  in  Fort  Delaware  till  the 
war  closed. 

BROOKS,  W.  W.,  Bullitt  County,  was  captured;  afterward  exchanged 
and  served  to  the  close. 

BROOKS,  D.  L.,  Bullitt  County,  captured  at  Harrison,  Tenn.,  Nov. 
23,  1863  ;  died  of  exposure. 

BRIDEWELL,  G. 

BOSWELL,  R.  S.,  Bullitt  County,  served  to  the  close. 

BEAN,  HORACE  D. ,  served  to  the  close. 

BRADY,  J.  P. 

COLLINGS,  BEN,  Spencer  County,  served  to  the  close. 


1030  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

COLLINGS,  ISAAC,  Spencer  County,  died  at  Fairneld,  Tenn.,  Feb. 
9,  1863. 

COLLINGS,  JOHN  H.,  Bullitt  County,  captured,  but  was  exchanged 
and  served  to  the  close. 

COLLINGS,  WM.  E.,  Bullitt  County,  captured. 

COX,  HENRY  C.,  Jefferson  County,  served  to  the  close. 

CLARK,  T. 

CONELLY,  JAMES  W.,  Nelson  County  served  to  the  close. 

CASTIN,  W.  T. ,  Spencer  County,  captured  at  Harrison,  Tenn.,  Nov. 
23,  1863;  remained  in  prison  till  the  war  closed. 

DIETRICH,  JOSEPH,  Jefferson  County,  served  to  the  close. 
DAVIS,  F. 
DAVIS,  J. 

DAVIS,  R.  L.,  Garrard  County,  served  to  the  close.'  Died  some 
time  afterward. 

DUNN,  G.  W.,  Garrard  County,  captured  at  Bentonville,  N.  C., 
March,  1865,  and  remained  in  prison  till  the  war  closed. 

DUVALL,  MILES  A.,  Hardin  County,  transferred  to  Forrest's  com 
mand.  Died  some  time  after  the  war. 

FORMAN,  JACKM.,  Spencer  County,  captured  at  Harrison,  Tenn., 
Nov.  23,  1863. 

FULLER,  LEWIS  P.,  Jefferson  County,  transferred  to  White's  Bat 
tery;  was  killed  at  Dalton,  Ga. ,  Aug.  20,  1864. 

GILMORE,  J.  M.,  Jefferson  County,  captured;  died  some  time  after 

the  war. 

GARNETT,  J.  J. 
GALBREATH,  W.  A.,   Bullitt  County. 

GRAY,  L.,  Grant  County,  died  in  hospital  in  Atlanta,  Ga.,  April  28, 

1863. 
GRAY,  W.  M.,  Grant  County,  teamster,  served  to  the  close. 

HERRICK,  J.  M. 

HINCH,  G.  W. 

HOFFLER,  T.,  Jefferson  County. 

HANSBROUGH,  J.  E.,  Jefferson  County. 

HORNBECK,  SAMUEL  A.,  Bullitt  County,  served  to  the  close. 

HUGHES,  H. 

HUGHES,  J.  F. 

HEADY,  R.  B.,   Spencer  County. 

HOPEWELL,  F.  M.,  Bullitt  County,  captured  at  Harrison,  Tenn., 
Nov.  23,  1863  ;  was  kept  in  prison  till  close  of  the  war;  died  some 
years  subsequently. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  1031 

HUTCHINS,  I.  H.,  Garrard  County,  wounded  and  captured  at  Beech 
Grove,  Jan.  24,  1863. 

HUTCHINS,  J.  P.,  Garrard  County,  was  captured,  and  while  in 
prison  was  shot. 

HAIGHT,  F.  M.,  Grant  County,  served  to  the  close. 

HOFFHEIMER,  SAMUEL,  Bullitt  County,  transferred  from  an  Ar 
kansas  regiment,  June  i,  1863. 

HARP,  JAMES  A.,  Tennessee,  served  to  the  close. 

INGRAM,  SAMUEL. 

JONES,  C.  H.,  Bullitt  County. 

JONES,  J. 

JEW,  A.  J. 

KURTZ,  G.  W.,  Garrard  County,  served  to  the  close. 

KIMBERLAIN,  W.  I.,  Garrard  County,  joined  Morgan's  cavalry 
after  enlisting  in  this  company. 

KNIGHT,  DAVID. 

KACKLEY.  JNO.  W.,  Woodford  County,  transferred  to  Co.  A,  Sixth 
Kentucky  Infantry  (which  see),  April,  1863. 

LACEY,  RICHARD,  Bullitt  County,  was  wounded  three  times; 
served  to  the  close.  Now  dead. 

LACKEY,  JOHN,  Spencer  County,  captured  at  Charleston,  Tenn., 
Dec.  28,  1863,  and  was  kept  in  prison  till  near  the  close  of  the 
war. 

LONG,  RICHARD,  Frankfort,  was  a  member  of  the  First  Kentucky 
Infantry,  A.  N.  V.,  first  year;  after  enlisting  in  this  company 
(D)  he  joined  Morgan's  cavalry. 

LONG,  W.  M.,  Frankfort,  killed  at  Stone  River,  Dec.  31,  1863. 
LESTER,  H.  P.,  Frankfort,  served  to  the  close. 

LUCAS,  W.  H.,  Franklin  County,  served  to  the  close.  Died  some 
years  after  the  war. 

MORRISON,  J.  L. ,  Jefferson  County,  served  to  the  close. 

McDOWELL,  WILL,  Bullitt  County,  captured  at  Beech  Grove, 
Tenn..  June  24,  1863,  and  was  kept  in  prison  till  the  war  closed. 
Now  (1898)  a  citizen  of  Iowa. 

McMILLAN,  J.  D.,  Jefferson  County,  captured  at  Southville,  June 
4,  1863. 

McINTYRE,  W.,  Jefferson  County,  captured. 
McKENDREE,  W. 

McCROCKLIN,  W.,  Spencer  County,   was  killed  at  Stone  River, 

Dec.  31,  1862. 
McQUEARY,  I.,  Owen  County,  joined  Morgan  after  enlisting  in  this 

company. 


1032  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

McQUEARY,  J.  C.,  Owen  County,  joined  Morgan  after  enlisting  in 
this  company. 

McQUEARY,  W.  J.,  Owen  County,  joined  Morgan  after  enlisting  in 
company. 

MASON,  S.  F. ,  Grant  County,  captured  at  Harrison,  Nov.  23,  1863. 

MERRIFIELD,  'E.  D.,  Nelson  County,  captured  at  Charleston, 
Tenn.,  Dec.  28,  1863,  and  died  in  prison.  (See  Co.  A,  Sixth 
Kentucky  Infantry.) 

MILLIGAN,  J. 

PATTIE,  J.  L.,  Franklin  County,  was  transferred  from  a  regiment  of 
First  Kentucky  Infantry  Brigade. 

POSTLETHWAITE,  W.,  Jefferson  County. 
PIERCE,  J.  M. 

POTORFF,  NEWTON,  Jefferson  County,  died  at  Post  Oak,  Tenn., 
Dec.  15,  1862. 

RILEY,  W.  H.,  Bullitt  County,  transferred  to  White's  Battery. 

RIGGS,  G.  A.,  Grant  County,  transferred  to  Seventh  Arkansas  In 
fantry,  Jan.  i,  1863. 

RICHARDS,  THOMAS,  Garrard  County,  bugler,  served  to  the  close. 
REEDER,  SAMUEL  P.,  captured  in  West  Virginia,  Oct.  i,  1864. 

SHERRON,  I.,  Garrard  County,  died  at  Sweetwater,  Tenn.,  Dec.  i, 

1862. 
STALLINGS,  W.  T. ,  Bullitt  County,  served  to  the  close. 

SMITH,  J.  D.,  Bullitt  County,  served  to  the  close.  Died  in  DeWitt, 
Ark.,  Feb.  10,  1891. 

SMITH,  F.  B.,  Bullitt  County,  killed  in  Franklin  County,  Tenn., 
July  2,  1863. 

SMITH,  WILLIAM  H.  (  "HOOSIER"),  Bullitt  County,  served  to. 

the  close. 
STONE,  H. 

SNYDER,  J.  T.,  Frankfort,  captured  at  Hoover's  Gap,  Jan.  24,1863,. 
and  was  killed  in  prison. 

SHERLEY,  JOHN  C.,  Jefferson  County,  quartermaster  sergeant,, 
served  to  the  close. 

SANDERS,  C.,  was  transferred  to  another  command. 
THIXTON,  JOHN,  Jefferson  County. 

THOMPSON,  N.  B.,  Jefferson  County,  was  transferred  April,  1863, 
to  Co.  A,  Sixth  Kentucky  Infantry  (which  see). 

TURNER,  J.  J.,  Garrard  County,  died  in  Rome,  Ga.,  1863. 

TURNER,   J.    L.,   Garrard   County,  died  of  exposure,  at  Fairfield,, 

Tenn.,  1863. 
WALLS,  N.  H. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  1033 

WATTS,  J. 

WELLS,  S.  H.,  Jefferson  County,  captured  at  Harrison,  Nov.  23, 
1863,  and  was  kept  in  prison  till  the  close  of  the  war.  Died 
some  years  afterward. 

YEAGER,  J.  A.,  Boyle  County,  captured  at  Charleston,  Tenn.,  Dec. 
28,  1863,  and  was  kept  in  prison  till  the  close  of  the  war. 

COMPANY  E. 

JAS.  W.  JOHNSON,  Shelby  County,  captain.  When  Co.  K,  Sixth 
Kentucky  Infantry,  in  which  he  was  first  lieutenant,  was  consoli 
dated  with  others,  he  resigned  and  enlisted  with  this  company, 
and  was  elected  captain. 

J.  R.  MONTGALL,  Shelby  County,  first  lieutenant,  captured  at  Tryon 
Factory,  Ga.,  Sept.  15,  1863.  Was  kept  in  prison  till  the  close 
of  the  war.  Now  (1898)  a  citizen  of  Missouri. 

WM.  C.  PRICE,  Shelby  County,  second  lieutenant,  had  been  a 
member  of  Co.  K,  Sixth  Kentucky  Infantry.  Died  after  the  bat 
tle  of  Stone  River,  at  Beech  Grove,  Tenn. 

JOS.  L.  DAVIS,  Spencer  County,  second  lieutenant,  was  wounded  at 
Lebanon,  Tenn.,  by  having  his  horse  shot  under  him  and  crush 
ing  his  arm  in  the  fall ;  had  another  horse  killed  under  him  at 
Marysville,  Tenn.  While  recovering  from  the  effects  of  the  fall 
at  Lebanon  he  was  placed  in  command  of  Convalescent  Camp  at 
Sparta,  Tenn.  After  he  recovered  he  returned  to  service  with  this 
company  and  remained  to  the  close. 

JAS.  B.  KING,  Spencer  County,  second  lieutenant ;  after  the  battle  of 
Stone  River  he  was  made  sergeant-major  of  regiment ;  served  to 
the  close. 

JOHN  H.  GILLILAND,  Jefferson  County,  first  sergeant,  served 
throughout  the  war. 

ROBERT  ONAN,  Franklin  County,  first  sergeant,  was  captured  at 
Liberty,  Tenn.  Other  facts  not  known  to  the  writer. 

THO.  B.  GARR,  Spencer  County,  first  sergeant,  served  to  the  close. 

JOHN  T.  THURMAN,  Spencer  County,  second  sergeant,  was  cap 
tured  on  retreat  from  Dalton;  other  facts  not  known  to  writer. 

GUY  ELDER,  Spencer  County,  third  sergeant,  promoted  from  fourth 
sergeant,  is  said  to  have  been  in  every  engagement  of  the  com 
pany  to  the  close. 

WILLIAM  DECOURSEY  JONES,  Jefferson  County,  fourth  ser 
geant — promoted  from  first  corporal;  enlisted  withCapt.  Johnson 
at  Post  Oak ;  was  in  skirmish  at  Rough  and  Ready  with  Wyn- 
koop's  Cavalry,  where  several  of  the  members  of  the  command 
were  wounded ;  had  a  horse  shot  under  him  at  Chickamauga ; 
was  also  badly  injured  in  the  charge  on  McCook  by  having  his 
horse  jump  a  ditch,  from  which  he  has  never  fully  recovered,  (the 


1084  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

horse  died  from  the  effects  of  the  jump);  was  struck  with  a  Minie 
ball  at  Chickamauga  Station,  and  taken  off  the  field  under  the  im 
pression  that  he  was  mortally  wounded ;  was  desperately  sick  for 
a  short  time,  but  went  back  to  the  field  and  stayed  till  the  battle 
was  over;  was  struck  on  neck  at  Bentonville,  N.  C.;  was  in  165 
battles  and  skirmishes ;  served  to  the  close. 

JAMES  V.  MURRAY,  Nelson  County,  first  corporal,  was  killed  be 
tween  McMinnville  and  Murfreesboro,  1863. 

C.  H.  MAY,  Spencer  County,  first  corporal  promoted  from  third  cor 
poral  ;  was  wounded  in  Kentucky  during  Bragg's  campaign 
(1862);  was  wounded  also  at  Louisville,  Ga. ,  Nov.  30,  1864; 
served  to  the  close. 

JAMES  W.  BEAUCHAMP,  Spencer  County,  second  corporal;  served 
to  the  close. 

S.  P.  DAVIDSON,  Franklin  County,  second  corporal — promoted 
from  third  corporal ;  was  captured  near  Manchester  and  kept  in 
prison  till  the  war  closed. 

WM.  M.  JOHNSON,  Franklin  County,  third  corporal,  promoted 
from  fourth  corporal ;  was  Captain  Jones's  clerk  in  Commissary 
Department.  Stayed  with  company  till  the  close. 

JOHN  YEAGER,  Jefferson,  fourth  corporal.     Served  to  the  close. 
ALLEN,  W.  D. 

BROWN,  BURR  ("Cotton"),  Nelson  County,  was  in  all  the  engage 
ments  of  his  company. 

BENNETT,  QUINT,  Spencer  County,  was  with  company  till  near 
the  close,  when  he  was  taken  to  the  hospital  and  was  sick  there  at 
time  of  surrender. 

BEEM,  ISAAC,  Spencer  County,   died  early  in  the  war  at  Beech 

Grove,  Tenn. 
BEEM,  JOHN,  Spencer  County,  was  teamster  for  a  year  or  more. 

Served  to  the  close. 

BELL,  THOMAS,  Shelby  County.     No  facts  known  to  the  writer. 
BELLMAN,  CHAS.,  Spencer  County,  captured  Oct.  20,  1862. 
BURROWS,  C. 
BOWLING,  W.  J. 

BRYANT,  RICHARD,  Shelby  County,  was  transferred  to  Sixth 
Kentucky  Infantry;  was  killed  at  Chickamauga. 

BASYE,  ELIJAH,  Shelby  County,  was  transferred  from  Co.  A, 
Sixth  Kentucky  Infantry,  July  9,  1863;  never  missed  a  fight  or 
skirmish;  was  shot  in  right  arm  at  Shiloh,  while  a  member  of  the 
Sixth  Kentucky  Infantry. 

BRYANT,  THOMAS,  Shelby  County,  joined  this  company  at  Marys- 
ville,  Tenn.,  having  been  transferred  from  Steam's  Regiment  of 
Tennessee  troops,  with  which  he  had  enlisted  Oct.  5,  1862.  He 
remained  with  this  company  till  war  closed. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  1035 

CRAVENS,  J.  C. 

CRAVENS,  J.  D. 

CRAVENS,  W.  P. 

COLLIER,  C.  M.,  was  captured  at  Harrison,  Nov.  23,  1863. 

COX,  JAMES,  Spencer  County,  served  to  the  close.  Died  some  years 
after  the  war,  at  Taylorsville. 

CAVE,  JACOB  HOLLY,  Shelby  County.  (See  Co.  B,  second  organ 
ization.) 

COCHRAN,  D.  F. ,  Spencer  County,  was  discharged,  May  25,  1862, 
on  account  of  disability  by  disease. 

CARLIN,  WM.  P.,  Spencer  County,  was  in  all  engagements  of  his 
company;  was  wounded  at  Louisville,  Ga.,  Nov.  30,  1864. 

CAPLINGER,  JACOB,  Shelby  County,  was  captured,  but  returned 
and  fought  to  the  close. 

CHEATHAM,  G.,  Spencer  County. 

CRUTCHFIELD,  G.  W.,  Shelby  County,  detailed  as  scout;  was 
captured  and  not  exchanged.  Time  of  capture  not  known. 

CROSBY,  C.  F. 

CALAHAN,  JOHN,  Franklin  County,  quartermaster-sergeant. 

CALVERT,  REUBEN. 

CALVERT,  W.  T. 

COWPER,  J.  T.,  Shelby  County,  enlisted  with  Fourth  Tennessee 
Regiment  under  Stearns,  but  was  transferred  to  this  command  and 
fought  with  it  to  the  close ;  was  wounded  at  Dover,  Tenn. ,  being 
shot  through  the  body  ;  got  a  furlough  but  stayed  and  still  fought 
on  to  the  end ;  was  struck  with  spent  ball  at  Columbia,  Tenn. 

DOAK,  THOMAS,  Shelby  County,  was  captured  once;  no  facts 
known  about  him  beyond  this. 

DADISMAN,  J.  D.,  Nelson  County. 

DOWNEY,  JAMES,  Owen  County,  wounded  and  captured  near 
Rough  and  Ready,  but  was  exchanged  and  came  back  to  com 
pany  and  stayed  to  close. 

EASTBURN,  J.  C. 

FUSSAR,  J.  J.,  Frankfort,  a  very  old  man  when  he  enlisted;  was  a 
Frenchman  and  had  fought  at  Waterloo.  About  the  second  year 
after  joining  this  company,  he  was  sent  into  Kentucky  by  consent 
of  officers  at  request  of  company  to  come  in  and  see  the  families 
of  the  men  and  bring  letters  to  them  and  other  friends.  He  was 
recognized  and  captured  at  his  home  at  Frankfort,  after  having 
discharged  his  mission,  having  delivered  every  letter.  He  was 
sent  to  prison,  but  afterward  turned  loose  because  of  old  age. 
He  came  back  to  company  and  was  told  to  wait  for  his  exchange, 
but  he  said,  ' '  D — n  the  exchange  !  All  I  want  is  a  horse  and 
gun.  I  haven't  long  to  live,  anyhow,  and  I  want  to  kill  one 


1036  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

more  Yankee  before  I  die  !  "  On  the  last  raid  the  command  made 
he  gave  out,  and  was  left  at  a  farmhouse.  He  was  afterward 
seen  by  Decoursey  Jones  just  before  the  company  surrendered, 
and  when  told  of  the  downfall  of  the  Confederacy  he  declared  he 
would  never  surrender,  and  putting  spurs  to  his  horse,  dashed 
away.  It  is  said  that  he  got  back  to  Frankfort,  but  nothing  is 
certainly  known.  He  was  a  fearless  and  determined  fighter,  and 
looked  old  enough  to  have  been  of  mature  age  when  the  battle  of 
Waterloo  occurred. 

OARR,  THO.  B.,  Jefferson  County.  (See  notice  of  non-commissioned 
officers  of  this  company.) 

GARR,  J.  POLK,  Jefferson  County,  served  to  the  close. 

GILLILAND,  JOHN  H.  (See  notice  of  non-commissioned  officers 
of  this  company.) 

GORDON,  MASON,  Franklin  County,  was  captured  with  Morgan  in 
Ohio. 

GIBBS,  ROBERT  T.,  Shelby  County,  wounded  at  Bethel  Church, 
Dec.  i,  1864;  was  transferred  to  this  company  from  Stearns' 
Tennessee  Regiment,  with  which  latter  he  fought  to  the  close. 

HOUGHLAND,  JOHN,  Spencer  County,  was  transferred  in  April, 
1863,  to  Co.  A,  Sixth  Kentucky  Infantry. 

HAWKINS,  G.,  Franklin  County,  was  captured  on  retreat  from  Mc- 
Minnville;  no  other  facts  known  to  writer. 

HEADY,  MIKE,  Spencer  County,  captured  with  Morgan  in  Ohio. 
HEADY,  WALTER,   Spencer  County,  was  with  company  till  close. 

HERRICK,  GEORGE,  Shelby  County,  commissary  sergeant ;  was 
captured  at  Manchester,  Tenn.,  June  24,  1863,  and  kept  in 
prison  till  the  war  closed. 

HAGERMAN,  S. 

HAWKINS,  ROBERTS.,  Franklin  County,  was  captured  at  Harri 
son,  Tenn.,  Nov.  23,  1863. 

HARROD,  JOHN,    Owen    County,  was  captured  with  Morgan  in 

Ohio. 
HARP,  J.   M.,    Owen  County,   was  captured  once;    other  facts  not 

known. 
HACKETT,  S.,  Owen  County,  was  transferred  to  White's  Battery, 

April  30,  1863. 
HORD,  EDWARD,  Frankfort,   was  wounded  at  Clinton,  Ga.,  Nov. 

20,  1863,  but  recovered  and  served  to  the  close. 

JONES,  WM.  DECOURSEY.  (See  notice  of  non-commissioned 
officers  of  this  company.) 

JOHNSON,  WM.  M.  (See  notice  of  non-commissioned  officers  of 
this  company.) 

KING,  J.  B. ,  Spencer  County.  (See  notice  of  non-commissioned  offi 
cers  of  this  company.) 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  1037 

McATEE,  H.  DELL,  Nelson  County,  served  to  the  close. 

McKINLEY,  E.,  Spencer  County,  was  captured  at  Alexandria,  Tenn., 
June  3,  1864. 

MONTGOMERY,  JAS.  R.,  Spencer  County,  fought  with  company  in 
all  engagements  to  the  close. 

MONTGOMERY,  W.  G.,  Frankfort,  served  to  the  close  ;  was  slightly 
wounded  in  Sequatchie  Valley. 

MONTGOMERY,].  BYRON,  Frankfort,  enlisted  in  J.  Aleck  Grant's 
company,  1862  ;  when  the  men  of  that  company  took  service  with 
others  at  Chattanooga,  he  joined  this  company  (E),  and  served 
with  it  till  just  before  the  battle  of  Mission  Ridge;  was  then  pro 
moted  to  captain,  at  Harrison,  Tenn.  (1863),  and  ordered  to  re 
port  to  Gen.  W.  D.  Kelly  to  act  on  his  staff  as  ordnance  officer; 
served  in  that  capacity  till  that  brigade  was  taken  out  of  his  divi 
sion  and  then  became  ordnance  officer  of  brigade.  Gen.  Wheeler 
ordered  him  to  report  to  Col.  J.  Warren  Grigsby,  commanding 
brigade  of  cavalry,  and  he  served  with  Grigsby  and  Gen.  John  S. 
Williams  to  the  close  of  the  war.  Was  once  wounded  in  the  hand. 
He  fought  in  the  battle  of  Stone  River  with  Co.  B,  Second  Regi 
ment,  Orphan  Brigade,  of  which  company  his  brother,  whom  he 
had  gone  to  see,  just  before  the  battle,  was  a  member. 

MOCK,  EDMUND. 

MOORE,  RICHARD,  Franklin  County,  fought  with  the' company  to 
the  close. 

MOORE,  N.  L.,  Franklin  County,  fought  through  to  the  close. 
MILLER,  D. 

ON  AN,  DENNIS  F.,  Franklin  County,  was  captured  once;  was 
killed  at  Munfordville  on  Morgan's  raid  to  Ohio. 

ONAN,  GEORGE,  Franklin  County,  was  captured  with  Morgan  in 
Ohio. 

OUTTEN,  T. 

PLASTERS,  W.  H.,  Franklin  County,  was  captured  with  Morgan  in 
Ohio.  No  other  facts  known  to  the  writer. 

PEARCE,  WM.,  Shelby  County,  transferred  from  Co.  K,  Sixth  Ken 
tucky  Infantry,  May,  1862. 

PEARCE,  J.  WALTER,  Shelby  County,  transferred  from  Co.  K, 
Sixth  Kentucky  Infantry,  May,  1862. 

PRICE,  J.  H.,  was  captured  in  October,  1862. 

POLSGROVE,  GEORGE,  Franklin  County,  was  captured  at  Harri 
son,  Tenn.,  Nov.  22,  1863. 

PARRISH,  J.  H.,  Spencer  County. 

RUCKER,  GEORGE,  Madison  County,  was  once  captured.  No 
other  facts  known  to  the  writer. 

RICE,  WM.  ("Rough"),  Spencer  County,  served  to  the  close. 


1038  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

RANKIN,  C.  A.,  Franklin  County,  was  captured  at  Manchester, 
Tenn.,  June  24,  1863. 

RAGAN,  J.  O.,  Franklin  County,  fought  at  Rough  and  Ready  and 
was  captured  there,  but  returned ;  was  wounded  at  Bear  Creek 
Station,  Nov.  12,  1864.  Served  to  the  close. 

RAWLINGS,  H.  H. ,  Kentucky,  enlisted  at  first  with  the  Nineteenth 
Texas  Cavalry,  in  which  he  was  a  lieutenant,  but  was  transferred 
to  this  company. 

REDMAN,  J.  H.,  was  captured  at  McMinnville,  Tenn.,  Oct.  6, 
1863. 

SHRADER,  A.  J.,  Jefferson  (or  Oldham)  County,  was  captured  at 
Beech  Grove,  Tenn.,  June  24,  1863;  after  exchange  he  returned 
to  company  and  stayed  to  the  close. 

SHRADER,  A.  J.,  Jefferson  (or  Oldham)  County,  was  captured  at 
Alexandria,  Tenn.,  June  3,  1863. 

SLUCER,  JOHN,  Shelby  County,  was  in  skirmish  at  Rough  and 
Ready;  was  wounded  at  Bear  Creek  Station,  Nov.  12,  1864; 
served  to  the  close. 

SHEETS,  G.,  Franklin  County. 

THOMAS,  W.  S.,  Shelby  County. 

WHITE,  J.  S. 

WYATT,  GEO.  C.,  Spencer  County,  served  to  the  close. 

WELLS,  FRANK,  Spencer  County,  was  captured  at  Manchester, 
Tenn.,  June  24,  1863.  Died  in  prison. 

YAGER,  JOHN,  Shelby  County,  served  to  the  close. 

YOUNT,  THADDEUS,  Shelby  County,  was  transferred  to  Sixth 
Kentucky  Infantry,  July  9,  1863. 

COMPANY  F. 

W.  K.  SHACKLETT,  Meade  County,  captain,  was  killed  in  a  skir 
mish  at  Meadeville  (in  his  home  county)  soon  after  enlisting  the 
company. 

DAN  B.  TAYLOR,  Meade  County,  captain;  promoted  from  first 
lieutenant,  on  the  death  of  Capt.  Shacklett.  Served  to  the  close. 
Died  at  home,  1869. 

D.  R.  WEEDMAN,  Meade  County,  first  lieutenant;  promoted  from 
second  lieutenant. 

J.  W.  SPINK,  second  lieutenant. 

J.  H.  PYNE,  first  sergeant. 

J.  P.  GREER,  first  sergeant ;  promoted  from  second  sergeant. 

M AHLON  R.  TAYLOR,  Meade  County,  second  sergeant ;  promoted 
from  third  sergeant. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  1039 

G.  W.  RHODES,  third  sergeant. 

J.  A.  SHACKLETT,  Meade  County,  third  sergeant ;  promoted  from 

fourth  sergeant. 
GEO.    H.   STITH,  Hardin  County,  fourth  sergeant ;  captured  with 

Morgan  in  Ohio. 

ISAAC  SPILLMAN,  fourth  sergeant. 

G.  F.  GREENWOOD,  fourth  sergeant ;  promoted  from  fifth  sergeant. 
J.  K.  RIPPENSTEIN,  fifth  sergeant. 
GEO.  S.  SANDERS,  Meade  County,  fifth  sergeant. 

A.  L.  BARNES,  Meade  County,  first  corporal. 

B.  L.    OSBORNE,   Meade   County,   first  corporal ;    promoted   from 

fourth  corporal. 

GEO.  S.  DORMAN,  second  corporal,  was  killed  at  Tunnel  Hill,Ga., 
Jan.  25,  1864. 

L.   T.    DAILEY,  second  corporal ;  promoted  from  fourth  corporal ; 
was  captured  in  East  Tennessee,  Dec.  10,  1863. 

BEARD,  ED.,  Meade  County,  served  to  the  close,  then  married  in 
Georgia  and  stayed  there. 

BAKER,  W.  D.,  was  transferred  July  i,  1864. 

CLAYCOMB,  ALLEN,  Meade  County,  was  captured  in  Ohio,  July 

25,  1863. 

CUNNINGHAM,  M.  J. 
CLARKSON,  GEO.  N.,  Meade  County,  was  captured  Nov.  23,1863. 

CLARKSON,  S.  B.  ("  SPOT"),  was  killed  in  single  combat  at  Pine 
Mountain,  June  20,  1864.     (See  Co.  C.) 

DOWELL,  JOHN  H.,  Meade  County,    was   captured   at  Liberty, 
Tenn.,  June  4,  1863. 

DOWELL,  BEN  G.,  Meade  County,  was  captured  at  Liberty, Tenn., 
June  4,  1863. 

GARDNER,  J.  M. 
GREENWOOD,  F.  W. 
GREENWOOD,  G.  F. 
GREENWELL,  H.  B.,  Meade  County. 
GREENWELL,  T.  S.,  Meade  County. 
GARRITY,  JAMES. 
HOCKMAN,  G.  A. 
HUMPHREYS,  H.  D. 
JONES,  J.  D. 
KLINGLESMITH,  H.  W. 

KENDALL,  B.  T.,  Meade  County,  was  killed  at  Dug  Gap,  May  8, 
1864. 


1040  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

LASLEY,  A. 

LEWIS,  O.  A. 

McGLASSON,  H.  C. 

McCLELLAN,  J.  F. 

MAYS,  C.  H.,  Hardin  County. 

OSBORNE,  B.  L. 

PHILPOTT,  B.  R. 

PHILLIPS,  J.  H.,  was  captured  at  Liberty,  June  4,  1863. 

PYNE,  T.  H.,  was  captured  at  Liberty,  June  4,  1863. 

PERRY,  S.  P. 

PERRY,  A.  C. 

RICHARDSON,  D.  F.,  Meade  County. 

REED,  E. ,  was  captured  at  Green  River,  Ky.,  Aug.  17,  1863. 

RIPPENSTEIN,  J.  K.,  captured  at  Liberty,  Tenn.,  June  4,  1863. 

ROBERTS,  J. 

STITH,  J.  P.,  Hardin  County. 

STITH,   FRANCIS  M.,    Meade   County,   served  to  the  close,  and 
died  at  home  some  years  after  the  war. 

SKINNER,  J.  G.,  was  wounded,  Dec.  20,  1863. 
SHACKLETT,  G.  W.,  Meade  County. 

SANDERS,  DAN  J.,  Meade  County,  supposed  to  have  been  captured 
at  Aquia,  Ga.,  June  i,  1864. 

SANDERS,  T.  P.,  Meade  County. 
TODD,  B. 

TAYLOR,  B.  G.,  Meade  County,  served  to  the   close,   and  died  at 
home  some  years  after  the  war. 

WILLETT,  DAN  R.,  Meade  County,  was  captured  at  Green  River, 
Ky.,   Aug.  14,  1863;  killed  at  Chickamauga,  Oct.  20,  1863. 

YATES,  A.  W. ,  was  captured  with  Morgan  in  Ohio,  July  20,  1863. 


COMPANY  G. 

JOHN  L.  HOWELL,  Union  County,  captain,  was  wounded  near 
Cartersville,  Ga.,  1864. 

JOHN  S.  LAMAR,  Daveiss  County,  first  lieutenant,  was  wounded 
near  Resaca,  Ga. ,  May  14,  1864,  but  recovered  and  was  after 
ward  on  duty  with  his  company. 

SAMUEL  G.  HUGHES,  Hancock  County,  second  lieutenant,  was 
much  on  scout  duty. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  1041 

PRESTON  LINDSAY,  Hancock  County,  third  lieutenant,  was 
wounded  severely  at  Murfreesboro',  Tenn.,  July  13,  1862;  captured 
near  Fairfield,  Tenn., .July,  1863. 

JOHN  B.  SPALDING,  Union  County,  first  sergeant,  was  transferred 
to  Tenth  Kentucky  Cavalry  and  sent  on  recruiting  service,  1864. 

THOMAS  D.  IRELAND,  Hancock  County,  first  sergeant,  was  pro 
moted  from  second  sergeant  to  succeed  Spalding ;  was  returned  to 
ranks  at  his  own  request;  was  wounded  near  Manchester,  June 
27,  1863  ;  but  recovered  and  returned  to  duty. 

THOMAS  SALE,  Union  County,  first  sergeant  to  succeed  Ireland, 
promoted;  was  wounded  at  Marietta,  Ga. ,  1864. 

DAVID  McCUNE,  Hancock  County,  second  sergeant,  was  wounded 
near  Cassville,  Ga.,  1864. 

JOHN  WILL  DYER,  Union  County,  fourth  sergeant.  (See  biogra 
phy.) 

JOHN  C.  RYLE,  Union  County,  fifth  sergeant,  was  wounded  near 
Resaca,  May  14,  1864  ;  unable  after  wound  healed  to  handle  a 
gun,  he  was  made  courier  for  Gen.  Williams  ;  died  of  yellow 
fever  at  Bayou  Sara,  La.,  in  1868. 

BEN  E.  RYNEY,  Union  County,  fifth  sergeant,  was  promoted  from 
second  corporal;  was  wounded  at  Marietta,  Ga. ,  July,  1864. 

AB  ESTES,  Daveiss  County,  first  corporal,  was  accidentally 
wounded  at  Murfreesboro',  July  13,  1862,  but  recovered  and  re 
turned  to  duty. 

STEPHEN  C.  CROMWELL,  Union  County,  first  corporal,  was  pro 
moted  from  second  corporal ;  died  of  disease  at  Sharp's  Landing, 
August,  1863, 

ELI  DORSEY,  Union  County,  first  corporal,  was  promoted  from 
second  corporal ;  served  to  the  close  of  war. 

ADAMS,  HENRY,  Union  County,  fought  to  the  close  of  war. 

BATES,  SAMUEL  H.,  Daveiss  County,  was  captured  at  Bardstown, 
September,  1862  ;  was  exchanged  and  served  to  the  close  of  war. 

BARRETT,  ALEXANDER,  Union  County,  served  through  and 
died  a  year  or  two  after  the  close. 

BLACKFORD,  JOHN  A.,  captured  at  Beeeh  Grove,  Tenn.;  was  ex 
changed,  after  which  he  returned  to  duty  with  his  company. 

BAILEY,  AUGUSTUS  F.,  Union  County. 

BELL,  HUGH,  Union  Cou.nty,  was  wounded  at  Sparta,  Tenn.,  Oct. 
6,  1864. 

BAKER,  WILLIAM,   was  wounded  in  South  Carolina,  in  1865. 

CHRISTOPHER,  MATTHEW  J.,  Union  County,  was  captured  at 
Harrison,  Tenn.,  Nov.  20,  1863;  returned  to  company  and 
served  to  the  close. 

COLBERT,  S.  R.,  was  captured  in  Kentucky. 


1042  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

GOLEM  AN,  PRESTON  B.,  Union  County,  was  wounded  at  stockade 
at  Morrison's  depot,  August,  1862;  recovered  and  returned  to 
duty,  and  served  to  the  close. 

DUPIN,  JOHN  H.,  Union  County,  was  captured  at  Harrison,  Tenn.r 
Nov.  20,  1863. 

DELANEY,  GEO.  T. ,  Union  County,  was  captured  at  Charleston, 
Tenn.,  Dec.  28,  1863. 

DIAMOND,  V.  B.,  was  captured  at  Pulaski,  Tenn.,  Oct.  20,  1863; 
again  at  Tunnel  Hill,  Ga. ,  April,  1864. 

DYE,  JESSE  B.,  Webster  County,  was  transferred  to  White's  Bat 
tery,  May  16,  1863. 

EDDINGS,  HIRAM,  Union  County,  was  killed  at  Noonday  Church, 
Ga.,  while  going  on  picket;  rode  into  Federal  lines  through  mis 
take,  June  12,  1864. 

ERSKINE,  JAMES  R.,  Hancock  County. 

ESTES,  ALLEN  H.,  Daveiss  County,  was  wounded  at  McMinnville, 
Tenn.,  August,  1864;  served  afterward  as  courier. 

ESTES,  WARREN  W.,  Daveiss  County,  was  captured  at  Stone  Moun 
tain,  Ga.,  July  20,  1864;  but  was  retaken  by  his  comrades,  and 
served  to  the  close. 

FRENCH,  BEN,  Union  County,  was  captured  at  Manchester,  Tenn., 
July  27,  1863. 

HOWELL,  HARRISON,  Union  County,  was  captured  in  August, 
1862;  was  exchanged  and  returned  to  command,  and  fought  to 
the  close. 

HOWELL,  WALKER,  Union  County,  was  captured  in  October, 
1862;  was  exchanged  and  returned  to  company,  and  served  till 
the  war  ended. 

HORD,  WM.,  Crittenden  County,  served  throughout  the  war. 

HENRY,  THOMAS,  Union  County,  was  granted  furlough  in  August, 
1863;  came  to  Kentucky  and  operated  with  Sue  Mundy  and 
Berry ;  was  captured  and  tried  by  court-martial ;  was  sentenced  to 
be  hanged,  but  was  pardoned  by  President  Johnson. 

HUGHES,  WM.  H.,  Jefferson  County,  was  tiansferred  from  First 
Louisiana  Cavalry. 

JERNIGAN,  JOSEPH  R.,  Union  County,  was  severely  wounded  in 
the  neck  at  Hillsboro',  Ga. ,  from  which  he  suffered  partial 
paralysis,  but  is  yet  living  in  Union  County  (1898.) 

JONES,  MATT,  died  of  disease  at  Chattanooga,  January,  1863. 

JAMISON,  MOSES,  Livingston  County,  was  wounded  at  Marietta, 
Ga. :  recovered  and  served  to  the  end. 

JOHNSON,  BEN  F.,  Daveiss  County,  was  captured  at  Manchester, 
Tenn.,  June  20,  1863  ;  was  exchanged  and  returned  to  duty,  after 
which  he  was  wounded  at  Pulaski,  Tenn.,  Oct.  20,  1863. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  1043 

LUCAS,  SIDNEY  W.,  Crittenden  County,  was  captured  at  Pulaski, 
Term.,  Oct.  20,  1863;  was  exchanged  and  returned  to  duty,  after 
which  he  was  wounded  at  Marietta,  Ga. ,  July,  1864. 

LAWSON,  GEORGE,  was  captured  at  Harrison,  Tenn.,  Nov.  20, 
1863,  and  imprisoned  in  Camp  Douglas. 

LEWIS,  E.  B.,  was  captured  at  Pulaski,  Tenn.,  Oct.  20,  1863. 

LOYAL,  PETER,  was  wounded  and  captured  at  Beech  Grove,  July, 
1862;  was  exchanged  at  Harrison,  Tenn.;  was  again  captured, 
Nov.  20,  1863  ;  was  killed  at  Rock  Island  prison  by  a  guard. 

MOBLEY,  THOMAS  F.,  Union  County,  was  captured  at  Manchester, 
Tenn.,  June  27,  1863. 

MILLS,  FERDINAND  C.,  Union  County,  was  wounded  at  Jug 
Tavern,  1864;  recovered  and  fought  to  the  close  of  the  war. 

MILES,  JAMES  E.,  Jefferson  County,  was  transferred  to  Co.  B. 
MAY,  FRANCIS,  Daveiss  County,  was  captured  at  Pulaski,  Tenn. 

MITCHELL,  WM.,  Union  County,  was  captured  at  Liberty,  Tenn., 

June  7,  1863. 
NESTLEWOOD,  ANTHONY,  was  wounded  at  Marietta,  Ga.,  and 

at  Bentonville,  N.  C. 

PINSON,  L.  T.,  Hancock  County,  served  till  the  close  of  war. 

QUARLES,  GEORGE  W.,  Union  County,  served  with  another 
company  until  the  regiment  was  reorganized,  and  fought  with  it  in 
the  South,  then  at  Perry ville,  Ky. ,  and  on  the  retreat.  At  the  re 
organization  he  joined  this  company  (G),  and  was  in  all  the  bat 
tles,  skirmishes,  and  raids;  was  wounded  at  Intrenchment  Creek, 
July  22,  1864,  after  he  had  carried  a  dispatch  to  the  right  of  the 
line;  was  one  of  the  first  to  reach  Adjt.-Gen.  McCauley  after  he 
fell;  and  was  wounded  at  Bentonville,  N.  C.,  in  the  regiment's 
last  fight,  while  on  the  skirmish  line. 

QUARLES,  JOHN  T.,  Union  County,  Ky.,  was  at  first  a  member  of 
Adam  Johnson's  regiment;  joined  First  Cavalry  at  Chattanooga  in 
the  winter  of  1862-63.  At  Mission  Ridge,  night  of  Nov.  25, 
1863,  when  the  First  Cavalry  was  moving  from  one  flank  of  the 
Orphan  Brigade  to  the  other,  John  Quarles  and  six  others  re 
ceived  wounds  in  left  leg,  and  those  of  the  six  proved  mortal.  He 
is  now  a  citizen  of  Missouri. 

RUTLEDGE,  J.  W.,  Hancock  County. 

ROBERTS,  HILLARY  M.,   was  captured  at  Stone  Mountain,  Ga., 

July  20,  1864. 
RIATT,  CHARLES  H.,  Meade  County,  was  wounded  at  Saltville, 

Va.,  Oct.  2,  1864. 

RHODES,  GEORGE,  was  transferred  to  Co.  F,  June,  1863. 

SMOOT,  JOHN,  Hopkins  County,  was  killed  at  McMinnville,  Tenn., 

August,  1864. 
SULLIVAN,  JOSEPH,  was  captured  in  Georgia,  1864. 


1044  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

SKIPPING,  J.   W.,  was  captured  at  Manchester,  Tenn.,  June  27, 
1863. 

TOUGET,  THOMAS,  was  left  sick  in  Tennessee,  August,  1862,  and 
never  heard  from. 

WALLER,  ROBT.  A.,  Union  County,  was  captured  near  Atlanta, 
July  16,  1864. 

WALL,  WM.  B.,  Union  County,  was  wounded  at  Columbia,  S.  C. , 
Feb.  16,  1865. 

WALL,  LEWIS,  Union  County,  was  wounded  at  McMinnville,  Tenn., 
August,  1863;  served  to  the  close.     Died  in  1870. 

WILLETT,  RICHARD,  Union  County,  was  transferred  to  Co.  B, 
August,  1863. 

WARD,    DAVID,   was  captured  at  Manchester,    Tenn.,    June    27, 
1863. 

YOUNG,  HAL  P.,  Union  County,  was  captured  at  Alexandria,  Tenn., 
June  4,  1863. 

YOUNG,  JOSEPH  O.,  Union  County,  was  discharged  by  substitute, 
December,  1863. 

COMPANY  H. 

[NoTE. — Among  the  Confederate  archieves  captured  in  Richmond,  April,  1865, 
and  now  on  file  in  Washington  City,  are  the  rolls  of  two  companies  marked  H 
and  I,  of  First  Kentucky  Cavalry;  but  the  surviving  members  of  that  regiment 
say  that  no  such  companies  had  any  permanent  connection  with  it.  Apparently, 
they  were  recruited  during  Bragg's  operations  in  Kentucky,  and  went  out  on  the 
retreat  temporarily  attached  to  the  First  Kentucky  Cavalry,  and  were  afterward 
broken  up  or  consolidated  with  other  companies.  Some  of  the  names  are  found 
on  the  rolls  of  companies  accounted  for  on  preceding  pages.  They  were  prob 
ably  part  of  the  battalion  of  Col.  Russ  Butler  which  was  united  with  the  First 
Cavalry  at  the  reorganization.  While  Bragg  was  in  Kentucky,  J.  A.  Grant 
(Aleck),  of  Frankfort,  enlisted  a  fine  company  for  the  Confederate  Army,  and 
this  also  is  noted  on  old  rolls  as  having  been  identified  with  the  First  Regiment; 
but  when  he  was  given  a  staff  position  the  company  seems  to  have  disintegrated — 
the  men  taking  service  with  the  several  companies  of  the  First  Cavalry  and  other 
commands.] 

WM.  O.  BUTLER,  Carroll  County,  captain. 

JAMES  NASH,  first  lieutenant. 

M.  P.  McENNIS,  second  lieutenant. 

W.  T.  McENNIS,  second  lieutenant,  was  elected,  Sept.  15,  1862. 

JAMES  COIN,  first  sergeant. 

S.  M.  YOUNG,  second  sergeant,  was  appointed,  Nov.  i,  1862. 

ALLEN,  JAMES. 

BARLOW,  WM. 

COLSON,  EPHRIAM. 

DOYLE,  JOHN. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  1045 

HAYS,  DEMPSEY. 

HARGROVE,  HENRY. 

HUGHES,  JAMES,  died  March  14,  1863. 

MARTIN,  GEO.  W. 

MOTLEY,  JAMES. 

McBEE,  ISHAM. 

OGLE,  GENERAL. 

RAINS,  GEO.  W. 

RENSHAW,  JAMES,  died  April  2,  1863. 

STOKES,  L.  H.,  was  captured  at  McMinnville,  Tenn. 

THOMASSON,  Z.  W. 

TATUM,  JOHN. 

WEST,  JOHN. 

WHITEHEAD,  JOHN. 

YOUNG,  STEPHEN. 


COMPANY  I. 

H.  C.  MYRES,  captain,  resigned  Dec.  23,  1863. 

J.  J.  NASH,  first  lieutenant,  resigned  April  2,  1864. 

W.  J.  HARDIE,  first  lieutenant. 

G.  R.  POPE,  second  lieutenant. 

D.  P.  RATICAN,  second  lieutenant. 

ANDREW  JONES,  first  sergeant. 

TOBIAS  BARNES,  second  sergeant,  was  killed  in  skirmish  below 
Milledgeville,  Ga. ,  November,  1864. 

J.  F.  RICE,  third  sergeant. 

J.  W.  DICKERSON,  fourth  sergeant. 

J.  H.  HUTCHINS,  first  corporal. 

J.  M.  THOMAS,  second  corporal. 

J.  H.  SHOM,  third  corporal. 

R.  L.  DAVIS,  fourth  corporal. 

BYERS,  J.  S. 

BAUGHMAN,  J.  H. 

BROOKS,  E. 

BROWN,  E. 

CURTIS,  G.  W. 


1046  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

CIMBERLIN,  W. 

CHANDLER,  J. 

DICKERSON,  W. 

DUNCAN,  R.  S. 

DAVIS,  G.  W.,  was  discharged,  Nov.  30,  1862. 

DUNN,  W.   G. 

DODGE,   R. 

ELLIS,  R.  F.,  was  transferred  to  another  command. 

EVANS,  J. 

FORD,  B.  F. 

FOWLER,  W.  L. 

FOWLER,  A.  J. 

GRAY,  JOHN. 

GATLIN,  A. 

GLASSCOCK,  J. 

HARMON,  R. 

HUTCHINGS,  J. 

HENDERSON,  G.  W. 

HUGHES,  T. 

HUTCHINS,  A. 

JONES,  A. 

JOHNSON,  J.  H. 

JONES,  J.  S. 

KIRTY,  G.  W. 

KIMBERLAIN,  J. 

LAWRENCE,  L. 

McNABB,  J.  W.,  was  wounded  Oct.  12,  1862,  and  left  in  Kentucky. 

MYRES,  J.  W. 

MOORE,  J.  R. 

McQUERRY,  J.  C. 

McQUERRY,  W.  J. 

OBANION,  S.    . 

OVERSTREET,  H.  L. 

POPE,  A.,  was  transferred  to  another  command. 

PATTON,  J. 

PIPER,  C.  H. 

PIPER,  B. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  1047 


PIPER,  S. 
PIPER,  A. 
RAMEY,  S. 
RICHARDS,  T. 
SLAUGHTER,  S. 
SMITH,  J.  S. 
SMITH,  T.  B. 
SIEBEL,  F. 
SINKHORN,  W. 
SAPPINGTON,  H. 
SUTHERLAND,  - 


SHEARIN,  JAMES,  died  at  Shelbyville,  Tenn.,  Jan.  10,  1863. 

SHEARIN,  THOMAS,  died  at  Sweetwater,  Tenn.,  Dec.  i,  1862. 

SMITH,  J.  E.,  was  transferred  to  another  command. 

WAPP,  R. 

WALL,  ROBERT,  died  at  Sparta,  Tenn.,  Dec.  20,  1862. 

WINGATE,  J.  W. 

Y ANTES,  J.  W. 

YEAGER,  G.  H. 

YOCUM,  J.  S. 

YOUNG,  W.  R, 


1048  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 


FINAL  CHAPTER. 

MEN  OF  THE  BRIGADE  WHO,  AFTER  THE  WAR,  BECAME  NOTED  IN  THE 
PROFESSIONS,  IN  VARIOUS  BUSINESS  CALLINGS,  AND  IN  PUBLIC 
STATIONS. 

When  the  survivors  returned  to  Kentucky,  they  found  themselves 
in  the  attitude  of  men  without  a  country.  The  act  of  expatriation, 
passed  by  the  General  Assembly  soon  after  their  enlistment  in  the 
Confederate  army,  had  virtually  outlawed  them.  Desiring  now  to 
take  upon  themselves,  on  their  native  soil,  the  obligations  of  citizen 
ship  and  to  engage  in  business  for  the  maintainance  of  themselves  and 
of  those  who  were  or  might  become  dependent  upon  them,  they  stood 
divested  of  the  rights  of  citizens  and  without  other  protection  under 
statute  than  that  which  is  extended  to  even  the  unnaturalized  for 
eigner  whose  only  claim  is  residence  and  exemption  from  interference 
with  his  person  or  property. 

But,  while  they  stood  thus  before  the  law,  their  coming  had  not 
been  as  the  coming  of  aliens  and  strangers.  On  the  contrary,  they 
were  welcomed  home ;  and  the  people  in  general  received  them  with 
a  generous  warmth  which  indicated  admiration,  not  condemnation,  for 
those  who  had  suffered  so  manfully  and  fought  so  gallantly  to  uphold 
a  cause  against  which  the  State  in  official  capacity  had  formally  com 
mitted  herself. 

What  to  do  with  the  returned  Confederates  became  directly  an  in 
teresting  and'  vital  question ;  and  soon  the  great  heart  of  Kentucky 
manifested  itself.  These  prodigals  were  not  to  be  either  humiliated  or 
exasperated  by  being  denied  equality  with  her  sons  who  had  fought 
under  the  banner  which  was  henceforth  to  wave  unquestioned  over  all 
and  to  be  defended  by  all;  and  the  first  legislature  which  met  after 
ward  (Dec.  4,  1865,)  passed  a  sweeping  act  by  which  pardon  was  ex 
tended  to  all  indicted  in  the  courts  for  acts  of  war,  and  the  expatria 
tion  act  and  all  other  severe  measures  against  Southern  soldiers  and 
sympathizers  were  wiped  from  the  statutes. 

Meanwhile,  the  ex-soldiers  had  set  vigorously  to  work  in  the  avoca 
tions  of  their  choice,  or  which  for  the  time  they  took  up  of  necessity ; 
and  they  soon  gave  assurance  that  the  brave  and  true  and  well-nigh 
indomitable  men  who  had  made  a  proud  record  for  their  brigade  had 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  1049 

in  them  all  the  qualities  essential  to  good  citizens,  and  they  presently 
enjoyed  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  the  soldiers  who  had  fought 
them,  and  of  the  people  who  claimed  them  both. 

They  met  with  favor  commensurate  with  their  efforts  to  deserve  it. 
The  assertion  has  been  made  (with  what  plausibility  the  reader  must 
judge),  that  no  other  organization  of  an  equal  number  of  soldiers,  in 
the  history  of  the  continent,  has  ever  furnished  as  many  men  who 
have  been  honored  by  their  people  with  public  office,  intrusted 
with  positions  of  responsibility,  recognized  as  able,  useful,  and  in 
fluential  members  of  the  learned  professions,  or  have  so  well  main 
tained  themselves  as  honest,  enterprising,  and  highly  respectable 
toilers  in  private  station. 

On  examination  of  the  Special  Department  of  Biography  and  of  the 
list  with  which  this  chapter  concludes,  it  will  be  found  that  the  Orphan 
Brigade  has  given  the  State  a  Governor,  two  Secretaries  of  State,  an 
Attorney-General,  an  Auditor  of  Public  Accounts,  four  Adjutants- 
General,  two  Quartermasters-General,  a  Commissioner  of  Agriculture, 
one  Prison  Warden,  a  Prison  Chaplain,  two  State  Librarians,  two 
Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court,  a  Public  Printer  and  Binder, 
two  Superintendents  of  Public  Instruction,  and  several  minor 
officers  of  State  Departments,  a  United  States  District  Attorney,  a 
United  States  Assistant  District  Attorney,  one  First  Auditor  U.  S. 
Treasury,  one  member  Constitutional  Convention  of  1890-91,  one  U. 
S.  Treasury  Agent,  four  Congressmen,  two  Consuls,  five  Circuit 
Judges,  numerous  County  and  Probate  Judges  and  County  At 
torneys,  three  Commonwealth's  Attorneys,  a  Mayor  of  Louis 
ville,  and  Mayors  of  other  cities,  many  Representatives  and 
Senators  in  the  General  Assembly,  three  Clerks  of  the  Court 
of  Appeals,  three  Clerks  of  the  Louisville  Chancery  Court;  and  of 
county,  district,  and  municipal  officers  too  many  to  be  enumerated. 
In  the  learned  professions  many  have  been  prominent  in  this  and  other 
States,  while  a  host  who  have  engaged  in  private  callings  have  been 
among  the  leading  men  in  their  respective  communities. 

This  list  of  those  who  have  not  special  mention  elsewhere  except  in 
the  Brief  History  of  Individuals,  is  far  from  being  perfect.  The 
writer  has  had  to  depend  largely  on  memoranda  made  since  the  war  as 
facts  have  come  under  his  observation.  Survivors  to  whom  he  has 
applied  for  information  have  given  what  they  could ;  but  many  whom 
the  people  have  honored  with  their  confidence  and  their  votes  have 
doubtless  been  omitted,  because  those  who  have  responded  have  no 
reliable  information  as  to  their  comrades  who  live  in  localities  in  the 
State  removed  from  their  own,  or  have  made  their  homes  in  other 
States.  What  we  are  able  to  give,  however,  will  show  that  the  men 


1050  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

who  made  the  fame  of  the  organizations  (infantry,  cavalry,  and  artil 
lery,)  noticed  in  this  work  were  men  of  character,  men  of  mind,  and 
fitted  for  civil  as  well  as  military  affairs. 

Taking  the  organizations  in  numerical  order,  and  arranging  names 
alphabetically,  we  note  that  the  Second  Kentucky  Infantry  gave  to  the 
prominent  business  and  civil  service  of  the  State  as  follows : 

Capt.  Robt.  J.  Breckinridge,  an  able  attorney-at-law,  an  eloquent 
and  popular  politician,  member  of  the  State  Senate  ;  Cabell  B.  Bul 
lock,  who  has  held  civil  office,  and  has  been  prominent  as  a  citizen 
and  man  of  affairs ;  Capt.  Wm.  Ed  Bell,  for  many  years  Clerk  of  the 
Anderson  County  Courts  (County  and  Circuit),  and  recently  a  Deputy 
Collector  in  the  United  States  Revenue  Service ;  Capt.  W.  T.  Bease- 
man,  Sheriff  of  Harrison  County,  before  and  after  the  war;  Col.  S.  F. 
Chipley,  Clerk  of  Louisville  Chancery  Court,  and  since  then  prom 
inent  citizen  of  Pensacola,  Florida;  John  H.  Grain,  member  of  the 
Legislature,  1885-86,  for  three  terms  City  Recorder  or  Police 
Judge  of  Lawrenceburg,  and  Mayor  of  Lawrenceburg  for  the  term 
beginning  in  1895;  D.  P.  Coulter,  Deputy  Clerk  of  the  Graves 
County  Court,  1874-1878,  Clerk  of  the  County  Court,  1878-1882, 
and  again,  1886-1890;  F.  M.  Handley,  attorney-at-law  and  prom 
inent  citizen  of  Melbourne,  Ark.;  James  W.  Hoffler,  Justice  of  the 
Peace,  Jefferson  County;  Charles  Herbst,  Librarian  in  Atlanta, 
subsequently  in  Macon,  Ga. ,  and  long  active  in  the  work  of  locating 
burial  places  of  our  fallen  comrades  and  having  the  remains  sent  home 
to  rest  in  their  native  soil,  also  collector  of  mementoes  and  zealous  pro 
moter  of  all  that  looks  to  the  perpetuation  of  Kentucky's  honor  and 
fame;  Charles  A.  Haskell,  long  a  prominent  and  self-sacrificing  minister 
of  the  M.  E.  Church,  South;  Edward  B.  Harding,  for  years  connected 
with  the  Louisville  police,  and  murdered  while  on  duly  as  an  officer 
thereof;  Charles  J.  Klem,  Jailer  of  Anderson  County;  Woodford  W. 
Longmore,  for  many  years  Clerk  of  the  Harrison  County  Court,  sub 
sequently  Clerk  of  the  Court  of  Appeals ;  Jno.  H.  McKenzie,  promi 
nent  in  business  and  in  politics,  member  of  the  Board  of  Education, 
for  some  years  Mayor  of  Versailles ;  James  Mernaugh,  City  Marshal 
of  Paris  for  some  years;  James  McGuire,  U.  S.  revenue  officer,  has 
held  also  other  positions ;  Pat  Punch,  Jailer  of  Montgomery  County  for 
some  years,  and  from  1893  to  1897  Deputy  United  States  Marshal; 
A.  T.  Pullen,  prominent  citizen,  and  representative  of  Graves 
County  in  the  Legislature  of  1891-2-3;  Lieut.  Willis  L.  Ringo,  busi 
ness  man  and  active  politician  in  Hickman  County  for  some  years, 
afterward  for  eight  years  Clerk  in  the  State  Auditor's  office,  then 
Assistant  Secretary  o'f  State,  and  for  awhile  Secretary  of  State,  since 
then  an  officer  of  a  business  and  commercial  organization  in  Eastern 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  1051 

Kentucky,  and  a  most  active  and  influential  promoter  of  public  enter 
prises  in  the  city  of  Ashland ;  Henry  Spears,  banker  and  bank  officer, 
member  of  Paris  Board  of  Education,  etc.;  Capt.  Dan  Turney,  mem 
ber  of  Paris  City  Council,  member  of  Board  of  Education,  etc.,  and 
widely  known  as  an  enterprising  man  of  affairs — always  a  loyal  and 
popular  comrade  ;  Wm.  G.  Thompson,  officer-in-charge  of  State  Arse 
nal  during  Buckner's  administration ;  Thomas  Wingo,  clerk  of  the 
Graves  County  Circuit  Court  for  some  years;  Amos  West,  postmaster 
at  Mayfield  1893-1897;  James  I).  Watson,  member  of  the  Legisla 
ture,  postmaster  at  Mayfield  1885-1889,  and  clerk  of  the  Graves 
County  Circuit  Court  1892-1896;  Henry  H.  Winter,  Sheriff  of  Hick- 
man  County;  Richard  C.  Wintersmith,  at  different  times  in  State  and 
United  States  employ,  recently  consul  at  a  foreign  port;  Dr.  Wm.  M. 
Yandell,  the  boy  soldier  who  persisted  in  serving  somewhere  and  in 
some  capacity,  notwithstanding  surgeons  and  mustering  officers  found 
him  unfitted  by  tender  years  and  a  frail  constitution  for  the  exacting 
duties  of  camp  and  field,  after  the  war  a  prominent  physician  in  Texas. 
Among  those  who  have  not  entered  the  professions,  nor  sought  political 
preferment,  many  have  been  prominent  and  influential.  We  note  :  Capt. 
A.  K.  Lair,  an  enterprising  and  progressive  man  of  business;  Lieut.  Chris. 
C.  Lillard,  a  well-known  and  leading  man  of  affairs  in  Anderson 
County  ;  John  A.  Murray,  for  some  years  active  as  an  insurance  agent, 
subsequently  for  a  long  time  in  the  continuous  employ  of  railroad  com 
panies,  and  always  enthusiastically  devoted  to  his  old  command ;  Jo 
S.  Robinson,  well-known  and  popular  in  business  circles  in  Kentucky 
and  elsewhere ;  N.  Frank  Smith,  well  and  widely  known  as  an  educa 
tor;  Capt.  Ed  F.  Spears,  "one,"  says  a  comrade,  "  who  exemplifies 
in  his  life  the  best  type  of  Confederate  soldier,  the  reliable  citizen,  and 
quiet  Christian  gentleman" ;  David  F.  C.  Weller,  during  most  of  the 
time  after  the  war  active  in  the  newspaper  business,  full  of  service  in 
civil  capacities  as  he  was  of  wounds  at  Donelson;  Jas.  S.  McKenzie; 
and  many  others  whom  we  regret  our  inability  to  speak  of  definitely. 
Of  the  Fourth  Kentucky:  Elisha  Adams,  U.  S.  revenue  officer; 
Adjt.  Joseph  C.  Baily,  for  many  years  clerk  of  courts  in  Woodford 
County;  Capt.  Jack  T.  Brown,  a  county  officer;  James  G.  Crockett, 
for  sixteen  years  clerk  of  the  Franklin  County  Court;  Theodore  Cow 
herd,  U.  S.  revenue  officer — served  also  in  other  civil  capacity;  G. 
R.  Caldwell,  Justice  of  the  Peace  in  Owen  County;  Virginius  Hutchen, 
journalist,  and  author  of  both  prose  and  poetical  works;  Waller  W. 
Hawkins,  U.  S.  revenue  officer;  Capt.  Cy  H.  Higginson,  prominent 
banker  and  bank  officer  in  Kentucky  and  Texas;  Wm.  L.  Jett,  for 
four  years  common  school  commissioner  of  Franklin  County,  twelve 
years  master  commissioner  of  the  Franklin  County  Circuit  Court,  eight 


1052  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

years  police  judge,  and  four  years  United  States  postoffice  inspector; 
Thomas  Owens,  prominent  lawyer,  and  a  contributor  to  current  peri 
odicals;  Robert  R.  Parsons,  city  judge  of  Frankfort;  A.  B.  Roberts 
(Gus),  for  some  years  clerk  of  the  courts  in  Owen  County;  Lieut. 
James  W.  Smith,  prominent  banker  and  bank  officer  in  Versailles; 
Lieut.  Robert  H.  Williams,  for  some  years  Sheriff  of  Owen  County; 
E.  H.  Whittington,  revenue  officer,  also  for  some  years  on  the  Frank 
fort  police  force.  Among  those  who  have  not  sought  political  prefer 
ment  but  have  been  nevertheless  active  and  influential  in  politics  and 
prominent  in  the  various  avocations  to  which  they  have  turned  their 
attention,  are  Capt.  Jo  C.  Bethel,  Lieut.  Tho.  C.  Blackwell,  Geo. 
Hector  Burton,  Wm.  R.  Dougherty,  Capt.  Hugh  Henry,  Thomas  A". 
Higgs,  John  L.  Marshall,  Capt.  Wm.  S.  Phillips,  Jo  Linden  Robert 
son,  R.  L.  Russell,  Tho.  J.  Surran,  Griff  P.  Theobald,  Lot  D.  Young, 
and  others  of  whom  we  have  no  definite  information. 

Of  the  Fifth  Kentucky:  Robert  Allen,  for  some  years  State  prison 
guard,  and  subsequently  guardsman  on  Capitol  square  during  part  of 
Buckner's  administration;  James  M.  Bourne,  surveyor  and  civil  en 
gineer,  connected  with  railroad  enterprises  in  Illinois  and  Kentucky; 
Col.  Geo.  W.  Connor,  State  Senator;  Adjt.  Tho.  Benton  Cook,  long 
a  prominent  member  of  the  M.  E.  Church,  South;  Galloway  Cooper, 
has  been  for  more  than  twenty  years  a  Baptist  minister;  Capt.  A.  C. 
Cope,  a  member  of  the  Legislature;  Capt.  Thomas  J.  Henry,  Clerk 
of  the  Court  of  Appeals  one  term ;  John  Tilford  Hawkins,  banker  and 
bank  officer  in  Lexington;  Wm.  Jayne,  an  active  Baptist  minister  al 
most  ever  since  the  war;  Joseph  C.  Lykins,  lawyer,  County  Judge, 
and  member  of  the  Legislature ;  Isaac  Lykins,  a  Baptist  minister ; 
Maj.  Wm.  Mynhier,  lawyer,  member  of  the  Legislature,  and  held 
other  public  positions;  Jack  Pattie,  guardsman  on  the  State-house 
square  during  part  of  Buckner's  administration ;  Abner  Quillen,  a 
prominent  lawyer,  now  residing  in  Virginia;  Ben  F.  Rogers,  revenue 
officer — has  filled  other  public  place;  Capt.  W.  T.  B.  South,  warden 
of  the  State  prison,  1883-85;  Edward  C.  Strong,  Judge  of  the  Breath- 
itt  County  Court;  Geo.  W.  Sewell,  member  of  the  Legislature;  James 
K.  P.  South,  almost  ever  since  the  war  a  prominent  minister  of  the 
Christian  Church,  especially  active  and  successful  as  an  evangelist; 
James  Emory  Speer,  statesman  and  jurist  in  Georgia  (see  History  of 
Individuals).  Well-known  business  men  and  prominent  citizens  were 
Samuel  J.  Bales,  Henry  Clay  Ellis,  H.  S.  Green,  H.  C.  Musselman, 
Charles  Pope,  Samuel  South,  Jacob  Sandusky,  Capt.  James  M.  White, 
Jacob  Williams,  and  others. 

Of  the  Sixth  Kentucky:  A.  M.  Adair,  a  successful  lawyer  before 
and  after  the  war,  who  held  both  State  and  county  offices;  S.  H. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  1053 

Bush,  a  prominent  lawyer,  has  filled  also  some  civil  positions ;  John  T. 
Craycroft,  U.  S.  revenue  officer,  for  some  years  sheriff  of  Washington 
County,  besides  filling  minor  positions  ;  Fount  C.  Carter,  jailer  of  Bar 
ren  County ;  Capt.    John   F.   Davis,  State  Commissioner  of  Agricul 
ture,  U.  S.  revenue  officer,  etc.;   Charles  Dawson  (Co.   A),   sheriff  of 
Nelson  County ;   Alec  V.  Duncan  and  Thomas  G.  Duncan,  both  suc 
cessful  practicing  physicians  and  business  men  in  Texas ;  William  W. 
Franklin,  physician,  for  some  years  clerk  of  the  Barren  County  Court, 
and  enterprising  man  of  business ;   Amos   Fox,   prominent  merchant 
and  citizen  of  Atlanta,  for  four  years  postmaster  of  that  city ;   Capt. 
Richard  P.  Finn,  educator,  member  of  the  Legislature,  etc.;  Thomas 
M.    Goodknight,    lawyer,     superintendent   of    schools    for    Simpson 
County,    postmaster  of  Franklin,    1885-89,   chief  clerk  in    the    State 
Department  of  Education,  1891-95  ;  Virgil  Hewitt,    chief  clerk  in  the 
State  Insurance  Bureau,   for  years  Assistant  Auditor  of  State,    etc.; 
Robert  T-  Hindman,  for  some  years  Assessor  of  Barren  County,  etc.; 
Ach  L.  Harned,  member  of  the  Legislature,  and  filled  also  minor  civil 
positions;  Wm.  S.  B.  Hill,  U.    S.   revenue  officer,    for  many  years  an 
officer  of  the   Court  of  Appeals,   and  filled  also  minor  civil  positions ; 
Helm  Hobbs,  U.  S.  revenue  officer;  James  A.  Hindman,  member  of 
the  Legislature  two  or  three  terms,  and  prominent  in  both  politics  and 
business;  A.  G.  King,  several  times  door-keeper  of  the  House  of  Rep 
resentatives,   a  successful    farmer,    etc.;    Alexander    Lawson,    U.    S. 
revenue  officer,    active  politician,  and  man  of  affairs  ;  James  M.  Lee, 
member  of  the  Legislature  of  1898;    Maj.      George  W.  Maxson,  for 
many  years  an   educator  and  a  leading  Presbyterian  minister  in  the 
South;  Lewis  McQuown,  one  of  the  most  prominent  lawyers  in  South 
ern  Kentucky  ;  Wm.  L.  Mudd,  a  lawyer,  has  filled  county  office ;  J. 
R.  Nantz,  postmaster  of  Hodgenville,  1885-1889,  and  had  filled  minor 
offices;  A.  W.  Randolph,  City  Engineer  of  Louisville  for  some  time, 
and  for  sixteen  years  County  Surveyor  of  Jefferson;  Wm.  H.  Read, 
for  some  years    Clerk  of  the  Allen   County    Court;  James  S.  Robey, 
member  of  the  Legislature  of  1898,  and  had  held  minor  civil  positions  ; 
Capt.  Noah  Smith,  Judge  of  the  Barren  County  Court,  and  had  held 
other  county  office  ;  James  A.  Smith,  Postmaster  of  Glasgow,  1885- 
'89 ;  Capt.  Wm.  Stanley,  lawyer,  but  almost  ever  since  the  war  one  of 
the  leading  ministers    of  the    Christian  Church;  Pat  Simms,   U.    S. 
revenue  officer;  John  L.   Stout,  Justice  of  the    Peace,    member  of 
Bowling  Green  Board  of  Education,  and  prominent  man  of  business; 
Elliott  W.  Thompson,  Justice  of  the  Peace  in  the  Chillicothe  district, 
and  for   several  years    Assessor  of    Livingston    County;    Ed    Porter 
Thompson,  State  Librarian,  October,    1888,  to  March,  1890,  Private 
Secretary  to  Gov.  Buckner,  March,  1890,  to  September,  1891,  Super- 


1054  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

intendent  of  Public  Instruction,  Sept.  7,  1891,  to  Jan.  7,  1896,  Presi 
dent  of  Frankfort  Board  of  Education,  term  beginning  1897;  Thomas 
Wilson,  physician  and  prominent  citizen  at  the  time  of  his  death; 
Joseph  T.  Winlock,  physician,  lawyer,  but  subsequently  exclusively 
devoted  to  farming  and  fine  stock  breeding;  George  W.  Wells,  U.  S. 
revenue  officer,  and  filled  also  county  positions ;  Smith  E.  Winn,  for 
most  of  the  time  since  the  war  a  prominent  physician  and  business  man 
in  California.  Among  the  many  who  did  not  enter  upon  professional 
life  or  seek  public  position,  but  have  nevertheless  been  active  and  in 
fluential  citizens  and  prominent  in  different  business  callings,  we  note 
Wm.  H.  Bemiss,  John  Colter,  Lieut.  W.  Frank  Dickey,  Wm.  S.  Gill, 
Gervais  D.  Grainger,  Tho.  C.  Helm,  Henry  S.  Harned,  Luke  Ken- 
nady,  Lieut.  Paschal  J.  Kirtley,  Jack  Lewis,  Capt.  Thomas  G.  Page, 
A.  J.  Parrish,  Lieut.  Ben  M.  Steffey,  Capt.  Henderson  J.  Street,  Wm. 
M.  Steenbergen,  W.  Fletcher  Smith,  Lieut.  Wm.  A.  Terry,  James  O. 
Wilkinson,  and  John  H.  Yancey. 

Of  the  Ninth  Kentucky:  Wm.  Ambrose  and  Jasper  Anderson,  U. 
S.  revenue  officers;  Capt.  A.  J.  Beale,  physician,  clerk  of  Harrison 
Circuit  Court,  Sheriff  of  Harrison  County,  member  of  the  Legislature, 
subsequently  removed  to  Oklahoma  and  was  elected  first  Mayor  of 
Oklahoma  City;  Lieut.  Henry  Buchanan,  banker  and  bank  officer, 
and  otherwise  prominent  in  affairs  in  Hickman ;  Al  N.  Barrett,  prom 
inent  physician  in  Richmond,  Mo.;  Adjt.  W.  Dudley  Chipley,  for 
several  years  Vice-President  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  State  Agri 
cultural  College  at  Lake  City,  Fla.,  at  the  time  of  his  death  (Dec.  i, 
1897),  member  of  the  Board  for  Stetson  University  at  DeLand  and 
State  Seminary  at  Tallahassee,  served  several  years  as  Mayor  of  Pen- 
sacola,  was  State  Senator  for  a  term,  for  years  Chairman  of  the  Demo 
cratic  State  Executive  Committee,  President  of  the  Board  for  the 
founding  of  the  Confederate  Memorial  Institute  and  an  earnest  co- 
worker  with  Mr.  Rouss,  and  in  the  spring  of  1897  came  near  being 
elected  a  United  States  Senator ;  John  H.  Dills,  State  Senator  for  the 
Sherman  (Texas)  district,  and  otherwise  prominent  as  a  citizen ;  Lieut. 
Thomas  H.  Ellis,  U.  S.  revenue  officer  and  prominent  citizen;  A*.  J. 
Gross,  county  officer,  U.  S.  Marshal  for  Kentucky,  1885-89,  Adjutant- 
General  of  Kentucky,  1891-95,  State  Senator,  long  prominent  in  poli 
tics  and  business;  Ed  Gregory,  U.  S.  revenue  officer,  etc.;  Norborne 
G.  Gray,  for  several  years  member  of  the  Louisville  Board  of  Educa 
tion,  and  a  prominent  citizen;  Wm.  B.  Haldeman,  a  leading  politician 
and  long  distinguished  in  the  newspaper  world;  John  S.  Jackman,  a 
leading  lawyer  of  the  Louisville  bar;  Capt.  Oscar  Kennard,  U.  S. 
gauger  1885-1889,  and  otherwise  distinguished  as  a  citizen  ;  Len  S.  Mil 
ler,  U.  S.  revenue  officer,  etc.;  A.  M.  Moseley,  lawyer,  U.  S.  reve- 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  1055 

nue  officer,  etc.;  Wm.  Alonzo  Orndorff,  a  well-known  lawyer,  political 
worker,  and  has  filled  public  position;  P.  Booker  Reed,  active  and 
influential  politician  and  business  man,  and  for  some  years  Mayor 
of  Louisville;  James  H.  Taylor,  U.  S.  revenue  officer,  1885-1889; 
Lieut.  Robert  Tyler,  active  and  influential  politician,  U.  S.  revenue 
officer,  for  many  years  an  officer  of  the  House  of  Representatives, 
and,  for  some  terms,  of  the  Senate  ;  Leslie  Waggoner,  one  of  the 
most  distinguished  scholars  and  educators  of  the  South,  for  some 
years  a  professor  in  Bethel  College,  afterward  its  President,  and  at 
the  time  of  his  death  (Aug.  20,  1896,)  President  of  the  great  Uni 
versity  of  Texas ;  M.  L.  Weeks,  a  gospel  minister.  Prominent  in 
their  respective  callings  and  upholding  the  reputation  of  their  old  com 
mand  in  the  communities  where  they  have  made  their  homes  we  recall 
Capt.  Chris.  Bosche,  David  W.  Caruth,  W.  R.  Chapman,  John  W. 
Green,  Alec  T.  Hines,  E.  T.  Kirkman,  Capt.  Price  C.  Newman,  and 
Lieut.  Richard  M.  Wall. 

Of  the  artillery:  Maj.  Rob  Cobb,  Capt.  Frank  P.  Gracey,  Wm.  E. 
Thompson,  and  Wm.  Henry,  the  latter  a  well-known  educator,  and 
all  popular  business  men  and  honorable  citizens. 

Of  the  First  Cavalry  :  W.  T.  Aull,  Assessor  of  Daveiss  County, 
1874-1878,  Deputy  Clerk  of  the  County  Court,  1878-1898;  Wm.  R. 
Abbott,  prominent  lawyer,  Prosecuting  Attorney  of  Louisville  City 
Court,  etc. ;  Capt.  Wm.  Murray  Brown,  Judge  of  the  Hancock  County 
Court;  James  H.  Bozarth,  Constable  of  his  district,  for  eight  years 
Deputy  Sheriff  of  Daveiss  County,  and  for  one  term  member  of  the 
Owensboro  City  Council ;  Capt.  F.  B.  Brown,  member  of  the  Legis 
lature  ;  B.  F.  Camp,  member  of  the  Louisville  Board  of  Education 
nine  years,  member  of  the  Legislatures  of  1869-1870  and  1879-1880, 
Justice  of  Peace  in  Louisville,  1889-1895;  J.  H.  Campbell,  Judge  of 
Probate  Court  at  Augusta,  Ark. ;  J.  D.  Ewing,  physician,  well-known 
practitioner  in  Central  Kentucky;  W.  H.  Gait,  for  several  years 
Health  Officer  of  Louisville;  Wm.  Gardiner,  U.  S.  revenue  officer; 
T.  Y.  Howard,  physician,  well-known  practitioner  in  Henderson 
County ;  Augustus  M.  Head,  U.  S.  revenue  officer,  and  for  several 
years  Assessor  of  Marion  County;  Capt.  James  K.  Huey,  for  some 
years  Judge  of  the  Livingston  County  Court;  Samuel  A.  Hornbeck, 
U.  S.  revenue  officer;  Jno.  W.  Headley,  Secretary  of  State;  Tho.  A. 
Ireland,  for  twelve  years  Clerk  of  the  Owen  County  Court ;  S.  M. 
Lewis,  physician,  a  successful  practitioner  in  Nelson  County,  where 
he  died  some  years  ago;  Reuben  J.  Laughlin,  Adjutant-General  and 
Chief  of  Staff  United  Confederate  Veterans,  Division  of  Northern 
Arkansas;  J.  S.  Morton,  prominent  physician  in  Ohio  County;  J.  W. 
Moseley,  for  many  years  Assessor  of  Ohio  County;  Geo.  W.  Quarles, 


1056  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

U.  S.  revenue  officer;  Ben  L.  Shacklett,  Jailer  of  Meade  County; 
George  W.  Sanders,  U.  S.  revenue  officer;  J.  W.  Speer,  physician,  a 
well-known  practitioner  in  Anderson  County;  Capt.  W.  J.  Taylor, 
member  of  the  Legislature,  1875-76;  Capt.  A.  R.  Taylor,  lawyer, 
County  Attorney  of  Daveiss,  afterward  distinguished  at  the  St.  Louis 
bar,  delegate  for  St.  Louis  to  the  Convention  which  drafted  the  pres 
ent  Constitution  of  Missouri;  Maj.  Geo.  W.  Tripplett,  for  several 
years  Judge  of  the  Daveiss  County  Court;  J.  T.  Williams,  Judge  of 
the  Robards  City  Court. 

Many  who  have  not  sought  political  preferment  have  been  influen 
tial  in  politics  and  men  of  mark  in  private  affairs;  as  Capt.  Geo.  W. 
Beckley,  Lieut.  Sam  D.  Brooks,  Elijah  Basye,  W.  H.  Conder,  John 
M.  Herndon,  Thomas  D.  Ireland,  F.  M.  Scrimsher,  Lieut.  Joe  Vin 
cent,  Andrew  J.  Witt,  and  others  not  now  recalled. 


WM.   R.   McOUOWN. 

Wm.  R.  McQuown,  Barren  County,  was  enlisted  in  the  Second  Kentucky 
Infantry,  and  was  bandmaster  of  that  regiment  till  some  time  in  the  spring  of 
1862.  While  the  brigade  was  stationed  at  Corinth,  the  Second  Regiment  being 
then  in  prison,  he  was  assigned  to  the  Fourth  Kentucky,  at  the  request  of 
Col.  Trabue.  He  served  as  chief  musician  of  that  regiment  till  about  the  begin 
ning  of  the  Dalton-Atlanta  campaign,  when  he  was  transferred  to  Maney's 
Brigade  of  Tennessee  Infantry,  with  which  he  remained  to  the  close.  He  died 
in  Boston,  Mass.,  about  thirty  years  after  the  war. 


OH,   LAY   ME  AWAY  WITH  THE 
BOYS  IN  GRAY. 


WORDS   BY 

CAPT.  JOHN   H.  WELLER. 


MUSIC  BY 

WM.  R.  McQUOWN. 


Oh,  Lay  Me  Away  with  the  Boys  in  Gray. 


CAPT.  JNO.  H.  WELLER. 


WM.  R.  McQcowN. 


— *5i*    vi  !-f~— f*— ?-3 


^ 

1.  When  my  war-fare  is  o'er  and  my 

2.  I  ask     no      heav'n  piercing 

3.  Give       me     a         place     in 


^ 


**s 


SEP&LJT    __^ 


^ 


— N — fc-H~~    I      P  •    ,  I  ™3 

5qi=g±3=*=-*-^-E*=^=-J- — >ZL^^3E3 


toil  is          done,     And  your  lone -ly     watch  you  keep;  When  your 

spire        or          shaft   To  mark  the  nar  -  row    bur-  ial  plot,     Where 
mem'ry's  dearest  hours,  When  the  lost    steal  thro' your  heart,  My 


tat 


-0-^ 


-K-- 


— f— 

ten  -  der    eyes     are     filled       with        tears,    As  in  death  I 

you     may  come  when  flow     -    ers         bloom,    To  deck  with 

name  may  start    the     crys  -  tal  fount  a-gain,     And          join  our 


:b= 


Meno  niosHO. 


Z~ 

Rail 


-&-_ 


Oh,  Lay  Me  Away.    Continued. 


peace-ful  -  ly  sleep.     When  your       ten    -    der       eyes 

love     the   qui  -  et  spot.       Where  you       may     come 

souls  tho'  far      a  -  part.      My  name      may      start 


are 
when 
the 


filled  with  tears,  As  in  death  I  peacefully  sleep, 
flow  -  ers  bloom,  To  deck  with  love  the  quiet  spot, 
crystal  fount  again,  And  join  our  souls,  tho' far  a-part. 


t?     »,  N       U  N 

5^  

^-^'  *              0    * 

-=?  1 

^*~^*~ 

__jer^  L:£*—  -         —  *—             -1-*— 

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f*- 

IIORI'S.    Andantino. 


# 


Oh,  lay  me  away  with  the  boys      in  gray,  With  the  comrades  I   love         so 


Oh,  lay  me  away  with  the  boys  in    gray,    With  the  comrades  I    love  so 


7° 

r^      z^ 

r                 "    c 

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—  J  —  ^-*^- 

J 

Oh,  Lay  Me  Away.    Concluded. 


Cres     ... 


do. 


— N S 


well ;  For  there's  no  sacred  place  on       earth's  green  space,  Like  the 


well ;  For  there's  no  sacred  place  on       earth's  green  space,  Like  the 

„> 


-•-*—». — i — »— 


•&±. 


M? 


^_J^_^!^q== — M^— 

a-t».-ai — t-J    i-  F^ h^— ' — 

-^-9*T»-«  -S-^J h LJ « 

-»• v   *  -0-  '-»•%•  -*•#•-* 


graves  where  these  heroes  dwell. 


these  heroes  dwell. 
Rit.    ^^^ 


m 


graves  where  these  heroes  dwell. 


ife 


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>,  >      > 


I — u 


U- 


^H 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 


1057 


THE  C.  S.  ARMY'S  COMMISSARY. 

[From  the  Royal  Gallery — by  permission.] 
1—1863. 

"Well,  this  is  bad!  "  we  sighing  said, 
While  musing  round  the  bivouac  fire, 
And  dwelling  with  a  fond  desire, 
On  home  and  comforts  long  since  fled. 


"But  while  we've  meat  and  flour  enough 
The  bayonet  shall  be  our  spit." 

"How  gaily  came  we  forth  at  first ! 
Our  spirits  high,  with  new  emprise, 
Ambitious  of  each  exercise, 
And  glowing  with  a  martial  thirst; 

"Equipped  as  for  a  holiday, 

With  bounteous  store  of  every  thing 
To  use  or  comfort  minist'ring, 
All  cheerily  we  marched  away. 


1058  HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE. 

"But  as  the  struggle  fiercer  grew, 

Light  marching  orders  came  apace, — 
And  baggage-wagon  soon  gave  place 
To  that  which  sterner  uses  knew. 


"But  while  the  corn  fields  give  supply 
We'll  take,  content,  the  roasting-ear." 

"Our  tents — they  went  a  year  ago; 
Now  kettle,  spider,  frying-pan, 
Are  lost  to  us,  and  as  we  can 
We  live,  while  marching  to  and  fro. 

"  Our  food  has  lessened,  till  at  length 

E'en  want's  gaunt  image  seems  to  threat- 
A  foe  to  whom  the  bravest  yet 
Must  yield  at  last  his  knightly  strength. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORPHAN  BRIGADE.  1059 

"  But  while  we've  meat  and  flour  enough 
The  bayonet  shall  be  our  split — 
The  ramrod  bake  our  dough  on  it — 
A  gun-cloth  be  our  kneading  trough. 

"  We'll  bear  privation,  danger  dare, 
While  even  these  are  left  to  us — 
Be  hopeful,  faithful,  emulous 
Of  gallant  deeds,  though  hard  our  fare ! " 


11—1864. 

"Three  years  and  more,"  we  grimly  said, 
When  order  come  to  "  Rest  at  will  " 
Beside  the  corn  field  on  the  hill, 
As  on  a  weary  march  we  sped — 

"Three  years  and  more  we've  met  the  foe 

On  many  a  gory,  hard-fought  field, 

And  still  we  swear  we  cannot  yield 

Till  Fate  shall  bring  some  deeper  woe. 

"Three  years  and  more  we've  struggled  on, 
Through  torrid  heat  and  winter's  chill, 
Nor  bated  aught  of  steadfast  will, 
Though  even  hope  seems  almost  gone. 

"Ill-fed,  ill-clad,  and  shelterless, 

How  little  cheer  in  health  we  know ! 
When  wounds  and  illness  lay  us  low, 
How  comfortless  our  sore  distress  ! 

"These  flimsy  rags,  that  scarcely  hide 
Our  forms,  can  naught  discourage  us; 
But  hunger — ah !  it  may  be  thus 
That  Fortune  shall  the  strife  decide. 

"But  while  the  corn-fields  give  supply 
We'll  take,  content,  the  roasting-ear, 
Nor  yield  us  yet  to  craven  fear, 
But  still  press  on,  to  do  or  die!" 


1060 


PERSONAL  INDEX. 


PERSONAL  INDEX. 


Aarons,  John,  864. 

Abbott,  J.  L.,  786. 

Abbott,  Joseph  M.,  715. 

Abbott,  Thomas,  1025. 

Abbott,  Thomas,  786. 

Abbott,  Wm.  R.,  1000,  1055. 

Abernathy,  Leander,  694. 

Able,  Elisha,  944,  1016. 

Ackman,  William,  694. 

Acton,  W.  D.,  787. 

Adair,  John  A.,  85,  225,  659. 

Adair,  A.  M.,  766,  1052. 

Adams,  Dan,  184,  186,  199,  205,  213. 

Adams,  John  H.  B.,  768,  773. 

Adams,  Henry,  1004,  1041 

Adams,  J.  E.,  838. 

Adams,  R.  E.  T.,  838. 

Adams,  J.  W.,  838. 

Adams,  John,  831. 

Adams,  Tan,  831. 

Adams,  W.  W.,  831. 

Adams,  Elisha,  687,  1051. 

Adams,  Harrison,  864. 

Adams,  Paschal,  716. 

Addington,  John  H.,  654. 

Addison,  Mr.,  128. 

Agnew,  Alvin,  831. 

Aikin,  John,  714. 

Alcock,  Theodore,  775. 

Alcorn,  Benj.,  720. 

Aldridge,  Jackson,  1024. 

Aldridge,  Ben  F.,  1025. 

Alexander,  J.  T.,  798. 

Alexander,  Wm.  H.,  681. 

Allen,  Geo.,  633. 

Allen,  John  A.,  555. 

Allen,  James  A.,  594. 

Allen,  David,  551. 

Allen,  H.  C.,  838. 

Allen,  W.  A.,  831. 

Allen,  Jos.  Wm.,  786. 

Allen,  Caleb  W.,  116,  767,  773. 

Allen,  George  W.,  595. 

Allen,  Robert,  701,  1052.- 

Allen,  H.  W.,  124,  130,  136,  141. 

Allen,  Jack,  54,  94,  97,  109. 

Allen,  Jos.  Wm.,  786. 

Allen,  D.  J.,  551. 

Allen,  James,  1044. 

Allen,  John,  1015. 

Allen,  E.  M.,  1007. 

Allen,  W.  D.,  1034. 

Allison,  Leb,  551. 

Allison,  James  A.,  595. 


Allison,  E.,  809. 
Allison,  James,  555. 
Alloway,  M.  C.,  1029. 
Alloway,  Henry  M.,  1029. 
Alvey,  Thos.,  633 
Alvey,  Ignatius,  817. 
Amber,  James,  699. 
Ambern,  Jesse  Frank,  705. 
Ambrose,  C.  C.,  826. 
Ambrose,  J.  L.  F.,  826. 
Ambrose,  Wm.,  242,  816,  1054. 
Ambrose,  George,  816. 
Anderson,  Sam,  53,  774. 
Anderson,  Wm.  H.,  242,  775. 
Anderson,  M.  J.,  861,  864. 
Anderson,  John  D.,  864. 
Anderson,  A.  P.,  798. 
Anderson,  James,  805. 
Anderson,  Jasper,  165,  816,  1054. 
Anderson,  Keller,  508. 
Anderson,  James,  1016. 
Anderson,  Archer,  210. 
Anderson,  Patton,  191,  211. 
Anderson,  George,  864. 
Anderson,  Robert,  573. 
Anderson,  Newton  J.,  573. 
Anderson,  Thomas,  1007. 
Anderson,  Robert  Clinton,  218,  5. 
Anderson,  Robert  A.,  602. 
Anderson,  John,  1016. 
Anderson,  John  G.,  602. 
Anderson,  W.  H.,  667. 
Anderson,  Ben,  44,  83,  85. 
Anderson,  Winston  B.,  661. 
Angell,  Nathan,  838. 
Annis,  L.  A.,  1025. 
Anthony,  William  H.,  783,  798. 
Anuker,  Capt.,  130. 
Applegate,  J.  W.,  754. 
Applegate,  Charles,  817. 
Applegate,  Leander  W.,  848. 
Applegate,  John  C.,  816. 
Appleton,  Charles,  610. 
Ardery,  James  D.,  595. 
Armant,  Richard,  555- 
Armstrong,  J.  A.,  551. 
Armstrong,  W.  A.,  699. 
Arnett,  J.  L.,  610. 
Arnett,  Campbell,  609. 
Arnold,  Robert  A.,  601. 
Arnold,  William  H.,  767.  773. 
Arnold,  G.  W.,  694. 
Arrington,  Lafayette,  699. 
Arnspiger,  George  H  ,  724- 


PERSONAL  INDEX. 


1061 


Asher,  Ed,  849. 

Ashby,  Thomas,  744,  805. 

Ashby,  Marion,  744,  805. 

Ashby,  J.  W.,  805. 

Ashby,  Wm.  Allison,  1010. 

Ashby,  Joshua  W.,  744. 

Ashford,  James,  849. 

Ashley,  Joel,  564. 

Ashley,  Z.  K.,  720. 

Atchison,  George  W.,  551. 

Atchison,  Jonathan,  674. 

Atkins,  Jo  A.,  66 1. 

Atkins,  J.  T.,  581. 

Atkinson,  Dan,  774. 

Atkinson,   Ed,  1007. 

Atwell,  Leonard  H.,  144,  848. 

Atwood,  W.  A.,  667. 

Atwood,  R.  L.,  551. 

Atwood,  W.  L.,  551. 

Aubrey,  John  P.,  610. 

Angle,  Ed  H.,  1010. 

Austin,  J.  R.,  826. 

Austin,  Frank,  639. 

Aull,  M.  E.,  90,  743. 

Aull,  Wm.  T.,  874,  945,  1016,  1055. 

Avent,  B.  W.,  80,  109,  299. 

Ayers,  J.  T.,  720. 

Ayers,  Paschal,  720. 

Back,  Solomon,  701. 

Back,  John  W.,  701. 

Badger,  Richard  S.,  551. 

Badger,  W.  W.,  840. 

Bagby,  D.  M.,  616. 

Bagby,  Wm.  W.,  782. 

Bagby  Charles  R.,  783. 

Bailey,  Augustus  F.,  1041. 

Bailey,  Robert,  556. 

Bailey,  Martin,  702. 

Bailey,  E.  D.,  702. 

Bailey,  Thomas  J.,  767,  773. 

Bailey,  Wm.  Wallace,  714. 

Bailey,  A.  J..84O. 

Baily,  Joseph  C.,  654,  1051. 

Baine,  L.  C.,  762. 

Baird,  J.  P.,  575. 

Baird,  Col.,  104. 

Baird,  J.  Wilson,  840. 

Baker,  Scott,  640. 

Baker,  Samuel,  699. 

Baker,  Jonathan,  699. 

Baker,  Paxton,  T.,  602. 

Baker,  John  F.,  666. 

Baker  Frank  M.,  666. 

Baker,  B.  F.,  864. 

Baker,  A.,  581. 

Baker,  N.  W.,  864. 

Baker,  W.  D.,  1021,  1039. 

Baker,  James  L.,  1009. 

Baker,  Daniel  D.,  724. 

Baker,  B.  D.,  724. 

Baker,  J.  F.,  668. 

Baker,  Jasper,  724- 

Baker,  Dan,  702. 


Baker,  Wm.,  1041. 
Ball,  Demetrius,  1004. 

Ball, ,  616. 

Ball,  George  Washington,  1000. 

Ballan,  John  T.,  68 1. 

Ballard,  Elijah,  716. 

Ballard,  B.  D.,  716. 

Ballard,  Berry,  720. 

Ballard,  Tyler,  817. 

Ballard,  Wm.  N.,  675. 

Ballard,  Judge  Bland,  60. 

Ballingal,  J.  P.,  595. 

Ballou,  J.,  565. 

Ballon.  L.,  564. 

Bange,  Wm.,  556. 

Banks,  George,  720. 

Banta,  Wm.  B.,  675. 

Banta,  Peter  J.,  675. 

Barber,  J.  R.,  918,  1028. 

Barbour,  A.  P.,  1 10. 

Barclay,  J.  W.,  1006. 

Barclay,  D.  P.,  773. 

Bard,  Sam,  133. 

Barker,  George  W.,  713. 

Barker,  J.  W.,  10x37. 

Barker,  Henry,  809. 

Barker,  Allen  M.,  705. 

Barker,  Augustus,  1021. 

Barker,  Hugh  B. ,  662. 

Barlow,  E.  J.,  831. 

Barlow,  A.  P.,  798. 

Barlow,  Thomas,  661. 

Barlow,  John  S.,  625,  798. 

Barlow,  Wm.  R.,  743,  798. 

Barlow,  John  T.,  595. 

Barlow,  Mike  H.,  602. 

Barlow,  Wm.,  1043. 

Barnard,  Nace,  745. 

Barnard,  Logan,   744- 

Barnard,  I.  P.,  826. 

Barner,  J.,  864. 

Barnes,  Richard  F.,  849. 

Barnes,  W.  F.,  699. 

Barnes,  C.  C.,  694. 

Barnes,  F.  S.,  695. 

Barnes,  J.  O..  724. 

Barnes,  Elijah,  564. 

Barnes,  John,  716. 

Barnes,  Zachariah,  710. 

Barnes,  Joseph,  720. 

Barnes,  A.  L.,  1039. 

Barnes,  Ed,  616. 

Barnes,  J.  M.,  863. 

Barnett,  Ambrose,  1025. 

Barnes,  Tobias,   1045. 

Barnett,  Joshua,  675. 

Barnett.  R.  B.  W.,  1007. 

Barnett,  J.  J.,  1004. 

Barnett,  Wm.  G.,  588. 

Barnett,  John,  660. 

Barnett,  Joseph  M.,  863. 

Barnett,  James,  662,  714. 

Barnett,  W.  T.,  827. 


1062 


PERSONAL  INDEX. 


Barnett,  Ben,  565. 

Barnett,  W.  S.,  817. 

Barnett,  Albert,  654. 

Barnett,  Ananias,  702. 

Barnett,  C.  A.,  595. 

Barnett,  James,  831. 

Barre,  Alhenan,  849. 

Barrett,  Al.  N.,  831,   1054. 

Barrett,  Alexander,    1016,  1041. 

Barren,  Eilbeck,   1016. 

Barren,  Alexander,  1016. 

Barry,  Alexander,  144,  849. 

Barry,  John,  595. 

Bassett,  Thomas,  1010. 

Bayse,  Coleman,  916,  1021. 

Basye,  Elijah,  745,  805,  1034,  1056. 

Bate,     Wm.    B.,    228,    234,   237,    250, 

255,  257,  259,  261. 
Bates,  Samuel  H.,  loio,  1041. 
Bates,  James  P.,  40. 
Bates,  Samuel,  997. 
Bates,  Thomas,  1025. 
Bates,  D.,  1029. 
Bates,  E.,  1029. 
Bates,  John  W.,  625. 
Batt,  R.  A.,  668. 
Batt,  J.  T.,  668. 
Batts,  Thomas,  602. 
Batterton,  Ben  F.,  595. 
Battou,  Tandy,  667. 
Baughman,  J.  H.,  1045. 
Baughn,  James,  723. 
Baugh,  R.  P.,  787. 
Baxter,  Charles,  1000. 
Baxter,  Benjamin  654. 
Baxter,  T.  M.,  787. 
Bayless,  Joseph,  732. 
Baynham,  J.  G.,  668. 
Beal,  David,  699. 
Beale,  Charles,  625. 
Beale,  Andrew  J.,  830,  1054. 
Beall,  George  R.,  193,  809. 
Bean,  John,  1010. 
Bean,  Horace  D.,  1029. 
Beamer,  S.  A.,  768. 
Beard,  Alexander,  574. 
Beard,  Stephen,  1000. 
Beard,  John,  840. 
Beard,  Wm.,  588. 
Beard,  Charles,   639. 
Beard,  Joseph,  639. 
Beard,  Ed,  1039. 

Beaseman,  Wm.  T.,  75,  341,  586,  1050. 
Beauchamp,  James  W.,  1034. 
Beauchamp,  William,    144,  839. 
Beauregard,  P.  G.  T.,  84,  91,  883. 
Beasley,  J.  B.,  864. 
Beasley,  C.  C.,  839. 
Beattie,  John,  646. 
Beattie,  George,  646,  720. 
Beatty,  Henry,  839. 
Beatty,  James  E.,  631. 
Beatty  George  M.,  716. 


Beatty,  John,  716. 

Beatty,  Peter,  716. 

Beays,  Philip  A.,  556. 

Beck,  Wm.,  720. 

Beckley,  David  S.,  595. 

Beckley,  John  H.,  1000,  1021. 

Beckley,  George  W.,    874,    915,    944, 

950.  999,  1056- 
Becraft,  Benjamin  F.,  705. 
Beech,  John  C.,  48. 
Beem,  Isaac,  1034. 
Beem,  John,  1034. 
Beggs,  George.  581. 
Behorn,  Capt.,  133. 
Belcher,  Levi,  705. 
Bell,  Thomas,  1034. 
Bell,  James,  832. 
Bell,  Francis,  798. 
Bell,  Wm.,  85,  807. 
Bell,  J.  Harvey,  1016. 
Bell,  J.  W.,  668. 
Bell,  Thomas  A.,  Sr.,  768. 
Bell,  Thomas  A.,  Jr.,  768,  773. 
Bell,  James,  768. 
Bell,  Wm.  Ed,  341,  609.  1050. 
Bell,  John,  686. 
Bell,  Darwin,  996. 
Bell,  Thompson,  icoo. 
Bell,  Hugh,    1041. 
Bell,  Valentine  M.,  588. 
Bell,  T.  J.,  1028. 
Bell,  John  S.,  1029. 
Bell,  Joseph  N.,  68,  860. 
Bellman,  Charles,  1034. 
Bellican,  Charles  Erastus,  564. 
Belzhoover,  D.,  109. 
Bemiss,  William  H.,  745.  1054. 
Bemiss,  James,  817. 
Bemiss,  S.  M.,  294,  295. 
Benbray,  W.  B.,  864. 
Benedict,  Joe,  151,  160,  197,  815. 
Benedict,  J.  B.,  775. 
Benham,  Calhoun,  150. 
Bennett,  W.  G.,  1021. 
Bennett,  James  Heady,  746. 
Bennett,  B.  Scott,  746. 
Bennett,  M.  S.,  754. 
Bennett,  W.  J.,  768. 
Bennett,  Samuel  N.,  745. 
Bennett,  L.  H.,  744. 
Bennett,  Quint,  1034. 
Bennett,  John  J.,  864. 
Bennett,  H.  C.,  864. 
Benson,  J.  E.,  1007. 
Bentol,  Caleb,  602. 
Benton,  Parker,  1000,  1021. 
Berry,  J.  T.,  849. 
Berry,  R.  S.,  849. 
Berry,  John.  705. 
Berry,  Wm.,  1004. 
Berry,  Thomas,  1004. 
Berry,  Samuel  L.,  827. 
Berry,  George,  633. 


PERSONAL  INDEX. 


1063 


Berry,  John  J.,  639. 

Berry,  G.  W.,  551. 

Berry,  C.  M.,  849. 

Berry,  Robert,  551. 

Berry,  J.  W.,  551. 

Berry,  L.  D.,  551. 

Berryman,  John  T. ,  826. 

Berryman,  James  H.,  639. 

Bess,  Charles,  581. 

Bethel,  Joseph  C.,  623,  1052. 

Beulmeur,  H.  C.,  817. 

Beverly,  James,  716. 

Bevins,  Charles,  710. 

Bewley,  R.  B.,  1010. 

Bibb,  L.  H.,  1025. 

Bibb,  W.  H.,  1025. 

Bibb,  George  M.,  809. 

Bigger,  Ed,  551,  864. 

Biggs,  P.  A.,  595. 

Biggs,  Joseph,  687. 

Billingsly,  Charles,  1007. 

Bills,  Lafayette,  594. 

Bills,  Conrad,  602. 

Bingham,  Silas  II.,  1004. 

Birch,  James  H.,  616. 

Bird,  W.  J.,  761. 

Bird,  E.  K.,  681. 

Bishop,  William  F.,  826 

Bishop,  D.  T.,  754. 

Bishop,  Ed,  762. 

Black,  Daniel,  864. 

Black,  Hugh  I).,  1010. 

Black,  R.  H.,  864. 

Blackburn,  James,  1010. 

Blackburn,  Lewis,  1010. 

Blackburn,  Elley,  944. 

Blackford,  John  A.,  997,  1041. 

Blackford,  John  B.,  724. 

Blackmore,  William,  864. 

Blackshear,  A.,  817. 

Blackwell,  Thomas  C.,  639,  1052. 

Blain,  G.  W.,  572. 

Blakeman,  John,  661. 

Blakeman,  Milton,  661. 

Blakeman,  Daniel,  661. 

Blanchard,  John  H.,  681. 

Blanks,  James,  754. 

Blazer,  John,  826. 

Blaylock,  John  W.,  1004. 

Blemill,  Father,  274,  623. 

Blincoe,  J.,  565. 

Board,  Nathan,  839. 

Boardman,  Samuel  W.,  633. 

Boaz,  W.  N.,  572. 

Boaz,  T.  F.,  574. 

Bodine,  Losson,  745. 

Bogard,  James,  675. 

Bogard,  L.,  793. 

Bohannon,  James,  793. 

Bohannon,  James,  654. 

Bohannon,  Eli,  861. 

Boler,  Charles  S.,  556. 

Bolton,  Joseph,  840. 


Bolton,  L.  F.,  839. 

Bond,  Richard,  745. 

Bond,  Ben  F.,  786,  787. 

Bonville,  John  P.,  680. 

Boman,  J.  H.,  84,    129,   133,  136,  139. 

Boman,  Robert,  1021. 

Booker,  Augustus,  1000. 

Boone,  Warren,  724. 

Boone,  W.  C.,  551. 

Boothe,  Green  B.,  675. 

Borders,  Sam,  775. 

Bosche,  Christian,  163,    iSS,  196,   273, 

848,  1055. 
Bosler  Henry,  1000. 
Bosley,  A.  B.,  1014,  1016. 
Bostic,  C.  A.,  574. 
Boston,  Jesse,  662. 
Boswell,  R.  S.,   1029. 
Bounds,  Franc  M.,  668. 
Bouren,  J.  C.,  574. 
Bourne,  James  M.,  705,  1052. 
Boutcher,  Samuel  W.,  839. 
Bowen,  John  W.,  682. 
Bowen,  Charles  H.,  610. 
Bower,  John  W.,  646. 
Bowers,  Isaac  M.,  1010. 
Bowley,  J.  R.,  1007. 
Bowling,  W.  J.,  745,   1034. 
Bowling.  James  M.,  766,  773. 
Bowling,  Richard  W.,  662. 
Bowling.  Thomas,  565. 
Bowles,  Pius  J.,  997,  1015. 
Bowles,  Thomas  H.,  787. 
Bowles,  Tom,  768. 
Bowles,  James  M.,  687. 
Bowman,  Robert  M.,  616. 
Bowman,  R.  C.,  724. 
Bowman,  L.,    725. 
Bowman,  Mike,  775. 
Bowman,  Jacob,  787- 
Boyce,  John,  602. 
Boyd,  R.  H.,  555. 
Boyd,  W.  A.,  1007. 
Boyd,  Lynn,  668. 
'  Boyd,  Wm.  T.,  668. 
Boyd,  Alfred,    44,  48,    109,   125,    129. 

150. 

Boyd,  Henry  C.,  838. 
Boyd,  Jack,  864. 
Boyd,  Samuel,  133. 
Boyette,  John  R.,  654. 
Bozarth,    James    H.,   874,    957,    1015, 

1055- 

Braberry,  W.  II.,  668. 
Brady,  Francis,   581. 
Brady,  J.  P.,  1029. 
Braddock,  Wm.  A.,  565. 
Bradley,  Wm.,  602. 

Bradley, ,  581. 

Bradley,  Charles,  716. 
Bradley,  Oliver  Lee,  556. 
Bradley,  James  A.,  720. 
Bradley.  Benj.  F.,  40. 


1064 


PERSONAL  INDEX. 


Bradley,  Wm  ,  1016. 

Bradshaw,  Wm.,  687. 

Bradshaw,  Lot,  775. 

Brashear,  James  C.,  686. 

Brashear,  A.,  754. 

Bragg,  Braxton,  81,  88,  105,  in,  149, 

150,    154,    158,    169,    174,   183,  186, 

192.   201,    206,  209.    222.   226,   231, 

888,  891,  896. 
Bramer,  S.  A.,  783. 
Bramlette,  Wm.  P.,  673. 
Branch,  Jerry,  705. 
Branch,  Jedediah,  793. 
Brand,  W.  E.,  574. 
Brandenburg,  David,  768,  773. 
Branham,  Cy  W.,  754. 
Brannon.  J.  E.,  754. 
Brawner,  Alexander  G.,  602. 
Brawner,  Thomas  P.,  602. 
Bray,  John  W.,  710. 
Brealsford,  Jeff,  574. 
Breame,  John,  1007. 
Breame,  M.  B.,  1007. 
Breame,  C.  W.,  1007. 
Breaux,  J.  H.,  125,  129,  132,  133. 
Breckinridge,  J.  Cabell,  94,  no,  127, 

150,  1 88,  555. 

Breckinridge,  James  T.,  556. 
Breckinridge,  S.  P..  622. 
Breckinridge,    Robert   J.,  Jr.,  40,  554, 

1050. 
Breckinridge,  W.  C.  P.,  874,  912,  929, 

931.956,961. 
Breckinridge,  D.  €.,805. 
Breckinridge,  Stanhope,  192,  297. 
Breckinridge,  John    C.,  27,  45,  48,  77, 

80,81,86,89,93,97,101,108,   114, 

I i 6,    122,    129,    134,    142,    144,    147. 

152,    178,    179,    183,    192,    195,    199, 

206,   215,  226,    232,   237,    240,   956. 
Breckinridge,  Mrs.  John  C.,  317- 
Breeding,  David  C.,  761. 
Breeding,  James  A.,  761. 
Brent,  Thomas,  817. 
Brennan,  J.  C.,  556- 
Brennan,  James,  581. 
Brewer,  William,  86 1. 
Brewer,  James,  793. 
Bridewell,  G.,  1029. 
Bridges,  W.  B.,  574. 
Bridges,  John  S.,  555. 
Biidges,  William,  668. 
Briggs,  A.  F.,  746. 
Briggs,  George  D.,  746. 
Bright,  Elzy  V.,  832. 
Bright,  James  R.,  85. 
Bright,  John,  1004. 
Brinby,  John,  805. 
Brindley,  James  H.,  863. 
Brindley,  L.  D.,  864. 
Brinegar,  Israel,  675. 
Brinkley,  John  R.,  639. 
Bristol,  E.,  754. 


Brockman.  John,  574,  864. 

Bronaugh,  James,  1006. 

Bronaugh,  Bank,  1007. 

Bronaugh,  D.  A.,  1007. 

Brookin,  A.  B.,  301,  549. 

Brooks,  W.  W.,  1029. 

Brooks,  A.  F.,  1029. 

Brooks,  Sam  D.,  874,  961.   1028.  1056. 

Brooks,  R.  Samuel,  144,  826. 

Brooks,  D.  L.,  1029. 

Brooks,  Campbell  C.,  705. 

Brooks,  S.  Abijah,  595. 

Brooks,  Thomas,  705. 

Brooks,  E.,  1045. 

Brooks,  James  J.,  762. 

Brooks,  Johnson  J.,  762. 

Brooks,  Ignatius,  274. 

Brooks,  S.  R.,  1007. 

Brooks,  James  B.,  1029. 

Broome,  J.,  564. 

Brosmere,  Ernest,  681. 

Brower,  E.  A.,  723. 

Brown,  William  Murray,  996,  1055.. 

Brown,  F.  B. ,  1004,  1055. 

Brown,  John  C.,  223. 

Brown,  Jack  T.,  638,  1051. 

Brown,  Jo,  102. 

Brown,  A.  Frank,  40. 

Brown,  B.,  1007. 

Brown,  Wm.  L.,  48. 

Brown,  E.,  1045. 

Brown,  E.  P.,  556. 

Brown,  T.  J.,  574. 

Brown,  Jacob,  849. 

Brown,  William,  1004,  1021. 

Brown,  Ben  F.,  610. 

Brown,  John,  610. 

Brown,  William,  610. 

Brown,  E.  B.,  654. 

Brown,  A.  H.,  646. 

Brown,  Thomas,  839. 

Brown,  Thomas,  639. 

Brown,  W.  D.,  786. 

Brown,  Ed,  564. 

Brown,  J.  H.,  762. 

Brown.  Burr.  1034. 

Brown,  Henry  O.,  754- 

Brown,  William  E.,  1010. 

Brown,  Davis,  710. 

Brown,  Alfred,  710. 

Brown,  Cole,  865. 

Browning,  William,  595. 

Browning,  W.  T.,  732. 

Bruce,  E.  M.,  40. 

Bruce,  H.  W.,  40. 

Bruce,  James,  839. 

Brunson,  C.  S.,  863. 

Brummitt,  John,  632. 

Bryson,  John  PL,  807.. 

Bryson,  J.  N.,  865. 

Bryan,  R.  C.,  798. 

Bryan,  J.  C.,  798. 

Bryan.  J.  D.,  797. 


PERSONAL  INDEX. 


1005 


Bryant,  James  G.,  661. 

Bryant,  Nat  Gaitlier,  661. 

Bryant,  Isaac,  817. 

Hryant,  Roland  C.,  646. 

Bryant,  George  W.,   573. 

Bryant,  Levi,  573. 

Bryant,  John  O.,  831. 

Bryant,  Richard,   1034. 

Bryant,  Thomas,  1034. 

Buchanan,  Henry,  194,  273     285,  760, 

848,  1054. 

Buchanan,  Sam  H.,  228,  272. 
Buckman,  Charles,  638. 
Buckman,  John  N.,  1004. 
Buckner,  R.  U.,  572. 
Buckner,  Frank  B.,  575. 
Buckner,  John  A.,   no,  125,  134,  136, 

139,  142,  150,  158. 
Buckner,  I..  A.,  1007. 
Buckner,  Frank,    1007. 
Buckner,  S.  B.,  22,  46,  51,  64,  66,  70, 

188,  192,  229,  233,  881. 
Buell,  Don  Carlos,  82,  108,  883,  888. 
Buford,  Thomas,  565. 
Buford,  C.  A.,  754. 
Buford,  Abram,  896. 
Bugg,  Jesse  R.,  551. 
Bugg,  \V.  E.,  551. 
Bullock,  Cabell  B.,  556,  1050. 
Bumpus,  John,  639. 
Burba,  James,  817. 
Burbank,  Charles  S.,  555. 
Burch,  James  C.,  724. 
Burch,  J.  K.  P.,  997,    1010. 
Burdett,  W.,  1029. 
Burgess,  John,  775. 
Burgess,  Paul,  54*  839. 
Burgess,  James,  832. 
Burk,  Isaac,  720. 
Burke,  Duncan  R.,  646. 
Burke,  Thomas  J.,  625. 
Burkhead,  George,  745. 
Burkhead,  J.  W.,  551. 
Burks,  D.  J.,  839. 
Burks,  J.  W.,  837. 
Burnam,  John,  40. 
Burnett,  T.  L.,  40. 
Burnett,  J.  W.,  839. 
Burnett,  James,  654. 
Burnett,  H.  C.,  640. 
Burney,  W.  D.,  826. 
Burns,  J.  H.,  692,693. 
Burns,  Milton,  574. 
Burns,  Henry,  864. 
Burnley,  George  B.,  89,  103,  196,  200, 

652. 

Burnside,  J.  P.,  40. 
Burris,  Clark,  IO2I. 
Burris,  Thomas,  639. 
Burrows,  C.,  1034. 
Burrows,  Wm.,  745. 
Burt,  A.  L.,  1029. 
Burt,  Richard  H..    1007. 


Burton,  Alexander,  861. 

Burton,  L.  D.,  745,  805. 

Burton,  James,  574. 

Burton,  W.  F.,  573. 

Burton,  George  Hector,  241,  243,  268, 

660,  1052. 

Burton,  Daniel  William,   705. 
Burton,  Anderson,  1025. 
Burton,  Alexander,  793. 
Bush,  W.  W.,  798. 
Bush,  George,  675. 
Bush,  Willis  P.,  762. 
Bush,  S.  H.,  341,  754,  1053. 
Bush,  W.  A.,  783. 
Bushey,  Julius,  589. 
Buskett,  J.  L.,  724. 
Butler,  J.  Russell,  877,  892,  896,  899, 

901,  912,  1014. 
Butler,  Jo,  640. 
Butler,  Maj.,  213. 
Butler.  Joseph  W.,  775. 
Butler,  Ed,  681. 
Butler,  Ben  F.,  809. 
Butler,  Wm.  O.,  595,  922,  1044. 
Butler,  D.  B.,  1016. 
Button,  John,  775. 
Byars,  S.  G.,  745. 
Byassee,  A.,  551. 
Bybee,  George,  623. 
Bybee,  Clinton,  624. 
Bybee,  George  T.,  625. 
Byer,  J.  A.,  865. 
Byers,  S.  G.,  805. 
Byers,  J.  S.,  1045. 
Byers,  John  A.,  551. 
Byers,  J.  S.,  44. 
Bynum,  Tom,  133. 
Byrne,  Ed  P.,  87,  187,  188,  857. 
Byrne,  Walter  J.,  299,  807. 
Byrne,  Peyton  B.,   7°5- 
Byrne,  Wm.,  574. 
Cahill,  John,  647. 
Cain,  William,  688. 
Caldwell,  John  W.,  85,  124,  126,  143, 

213,  217,  218,    220,    225,    266,    283, 

806,  808. 

Caldwell,  G.  Reed,  647,  1051. 
Caldwell,  Thomas,  809. 
Caldwell,  John  H.,  808. 
Caldwell,  William,  996. 
Caldwell,  J.  W.,  888,  1015. 
Calhoun,  Robert,  669. 
Call,  John  W.,  675. 
Callahan,  Robert  S.,  701. 
Callahan,  William  J.,  625. 
Calahan,  John,  1035. 
Callahan.  Jeptha,  702. 
Calvert,  W.  T.,  1035. 
Calvert,  Reuben,  1030. 
Calvert,  Pres  C.,  944. 
Calvert,  Dud,  746. 
Calvert,  John  H.,  716. 
Calvert,  John,  221,  715. 


1066 


PERSONAL  INDEX. 


Camby,  Frank,  864,  865. 

Camden,  Walker,  616. 

Camp,  Joshua  Speed,  1022. 

Camp,  B.  F.,  873,  1000,  1020,  1055. 

Campbell,  BrashearC.,  1010. 

Campbell,  James,  634. 

Campbell,  Peter,  640. 

Campbell,  Fernando  W.,  725. 

Campbell,  James  D.,  603. 

Campbell,  William,  896. 

Campbell,  Ephraim,  582. 

Campbell,  J.  H.,  1016,  1055. 

Campbell,  Alexander,  1025. 

Campbell,  Cole,  703. 

Campbell,  George,  54. 

Canaday,  J.  V.,  575. 

Cannady,  Joseph,  616. 

Cannon,  D.,  669, 

Cannon,  William,  716. 

Cannon,  L.  M.,  817. 

Cannon,  N.  T.,  550,  551. 

Cantrill,  John,  603. 

Caplinger,  Jacob,  1035. 

Caplinger,  William  T.,  755,  805. 

Cardwell,  Charlie,  647. 

Card-well,  John  T.,  654. 

Cardinal,  George,  850. 

Cargill,  William  M.,  100. 

Carlin,  Charles  P.,  1016. 

Carlin,  William  P.,  1035. 

Carlisle,  Thomas,  1010. 

Carlisle,  Cyrus,  1010. 

Carlisle,  William,  794. 

Carlisle,  John  W.,  675. 

Carlton,  G.  W.,  721. 

Carney,  — ,  640. 

Carney,  Joshua,  865. 

Carnhill,  T.  L.  J.,  865. 

Carpenter,  Hiram  M.,  587. 

Carpenter,  James  S.,  818. 

Carr,  R.,  1021. 

Carr,  William,  732- 

Carr,  Armstrong,  557. 

Carr,  Thomas,  710. 

Carrico,  James  D.,  1016. 

Carroll,  John  W.,  831. 

Carroll,  M.  H.,  1007. 

Carrollton,  James,  Jio. 

Carson,  \Villiam  M.,  73,  615. 

Carter,  J.  M.,  1025. 

Carter,  Joseph,  1025. 

Carter,  William,  625. 

Carter,  James  A.,  625. 

Carter,  Andrew,  582. 

Carter,  Robert,  582. 

Carter,  Mason,  721. 

Carter,  Fountain  C.,  768,  773,  1053. 

Carter,  W.  S.,  556. 

Carter,  A.  S.,  556. 

Carter,  J.  A.,  1010. 

Carter,  James,  1016. 

Carter.  Jordan,  1025. 

Carter,  Spencer,  720. 


Carter,  Josiah  D.,  1025. 
Caruth,  David  W.,  818,  1055. 
Carver,  J.  T.,  783,  799. 
Carver,  J.  W.,  783,  799. 
Carver,  John,  775. 
Carver,  James  L.,  775. 
Carver,  A.  B.,  1007. 
Casey,  A.,  808. 
Casey,  Christopher  H.,  746. 
Casey,  J.  E.,  732. 
Casey,  W.  T.,  733. 
Casley,  James,  681. 
Casper,  John  L.,  616. 
Cassidy,  Alexander,  47. 
Castillo,  James  W.,  662. 
Castin,  W.  T.,  1030. 
Castell,  James,  695. 
Castleberry,  James  B.,  1010. 
Castleman,  B.  T.,  557. 
Gates,  James  L.,  849. 
Catley,  William,  865. 
Catron,  W.  F.,  699. 
Caudill,  Thompson  S.,  714. 
Caudill,  James,  714. 
Cavanaugh,  M.  B.,  1007. 
Cave,  J.  Holly,  1021,  1035. 
Cecil,  John  T.,  746. 
Cecil,  Charles,  817. 
Cimberlin,  W.,  1046. 
Cisell,  James,  640. 
Cissel,  James  T.,  861. 
Chambers,  Josiah,  775. 
Chambers,  Ben,  793. 
Chambers,  James,  721. 
Chambers,  S.  G.,  775. 
Chambers,  F.  M.,  582. 
Chambers,  James,  625. 
Chamberlain,  W.  W.,  849. 
Chambliss,  H.  J.,  865. 
Chambliss,  N.  R.,  995. 
Champ,  Bruce,  589. 
Campion,  Michael  J.,  601. 
Champion,  John,  687. 
Champion,  Matt,  662. 
Champlain.  Hooper,  865. 
Chancellor,  James  M.,  832. 
Chandler,  D.,  646. 
Chandler,  J.,  1046. 
Chancy,  George  W.,  610. 
Chancy,  William,  702. 
Chancy,  George,  7°2- 
Chancy,  Alfred.  640. 
Chapman,  F.  M.,  1025. 
Chapman,  Robert  D.  G.,  603. 
Chapman,  W.  R.,  872,  1055. 
Chapman,  John  S.,  631. 
Chapman,  F.  M.,  646. 
Chapman,  W.  F.,  575. 
Chappel,  George  N.,  616. 
Charlton,  Thomas  E.,  633. 
Chastain,  John,  809. 
Chastain,   Boone,  809. 
Chaudoin,  Luther  P.,  768,  773. 


PERSONAL  INDEX. 


10<>7 


Cheatham,  G.,  1035. 

Chenault,  A.,  755. 

Chenault,  Luke,  755. 

Chenoweth,  J.  Q.,   896,  898,  907,  924, 

93 *»  947,  96o»  IOI4- 
Cheshire,  Eli,  557,  596. 
Chestnut,  J.  A.,  810. 
Childers,  Wm.,  575. 
Chiles,  J.  M.,  596. 
Chiles,  James,  1007. 
Chilton.  L.  B.,  1007 
Chilton,  J.  S.,  1007. 
Chilton,  John,  1007. 
Chinn,  John  II.,  805. 
Chinn,  John,  794. 
Chinn,  Charles,  827. 
Chinn,  John,  827. 
Chinn,  James  S.,  827. 
Chinn,  C.  C.,  681. 
Chipley,    S.    F.,     i5i,    197,    200,    580, 

1050. 

Chipley,  W.  D.,  807,  1054. 
Chisholm,  T.  O.,  275. 
Chism,  James  W.,  270,  633. 
Choutard,  Charles,  192. 
Chowning,   Herman,  647. 
Chowning,  Ned,  1025. 
Christian,  G.  C.,  1010. 
Christian,  Wm.,  1010. 
Christopher,  Matthew  J.,  1041. 
Chrisler,  Robert,  603. 
Chrisman,  James  S.,  40. 
Chum,  Capt.,  133. 
Church,  W.  C.,  582. 
Churchwell,  John  C.,  687. 
Clancey,  Daniel,  557. 
Clardy,  Henry,  1007. 
Clardy,  Monk,  1007. 
Clark,  Frank,  596. 
Clark,  James  C.,  861. 
Clark,  fohn, 793. 
Clark,  T.,    1030. 
Clarke,  Mrs.  Wm.  L.,  317,318. 
Clarke,  W.  E.,  809. 
Clarke,  Ruben  A.,  865. 
Clarke,  Thomas,  565. 
Clarke,  Charles,  125,  127,  132,  134,  137, 

139,   142,  882. 
Clarke,  Asahel  C.,  832. 
Clarke,  Samuel,  675. 
Clarke,  Wm.,  787. 
Clarke,  Thomas  B.,  840. 
Clarke,  Jerome  (Sue  Mundy),  633. 
Clarke,  Charles  J.,  769. 
Clarke,  Wm.  L.,  219,  766. 
Clarke,  Frank,  793. 
Clarke,  Alfred,  653. 
Clarkson,  S.  B.,  1039. 
Clarkson,  George  N.,  1039. 
Clay,  Thomas  H.,  589. 
Claycomb,  Allen,  1039. 
Clayland,  Ed,  616. 
Clayton,  Joseph  M.,  694. 


Clayton,  Win.  T.,  695. 

Clayton,  Al,  1010. 

Clayton,  Nat  D.,  196,  623. 

Clayton,  Ambrose,  776. 

Cleary, ,  859. 

Cleary,  John  !>.,  832. 

Cleburne,  Gen.,  170,  184.  212,  214,  230,. 
249,  267,  910. 

Clements,  G.,  625. 

Clements,  John,  1016. 

Clements,  Samuel  A.,  638. 

Clements,  Elisha,  638. 

Clements,  Frank  P.,  640. 

Cleveland,  John  II.,  722. 

Cleveland,  James  W.,    161,  729. 

Cleveland, ,  859. 

Clifford,  L.  C.,  832. 

Clifton,  J.  M.,  80,  83,  91,  108. 

Clore,  J.  Willis,  695. 

Cloud,  James,  655. 

Clover,  Wm.  A.,  849. 

Cluke,  Col.,  155,  156,  157,  163. 

Cluskey,  Charles,  565. 

Cobb,  Robt.  L.,  80,83,  87,  92,  109,  112, 
122,  124,  125,  135,  145,  148, 153, 154, 
158,  160,  162,  164,  171,  177,  185, 
189,  192,  193,  194,  196,  198,  199, 

2O8,    2IO,    211,      214,    2l6,    219,    231, 
240,    245,    250,  862,    863,     1055. 

Cobb,  Howell,  120. 

Coburn,  E.  B.,  1010. 

Coburn,  A.,  1021. 

Cochrane,  James,  702. 

Cochran,  Elijah  Dock,  706. 

Cochran,  D.  F.,  1035. 

Cockrill,  L.  C.,  713. 

Gofer,  Martin  H.,  45,  90,  129,  133,  136, 

142,  217,  227,  234,  235,  270,  742. 
Cofer,  Mrs.  Martin  II.,  317. 
Coffee,  Jacob,  551. 
Coffee,  Tobey,  662. 
Coffey,  J.  A.,  551. 
Coffield,  Campbell,  1016. 
Coffman,  Frank,   1010. 
Coin,  James,  1044. 
Coke,  Thomas,  610. 
Cokle,  George,  865. 
Colbert,  Raymond,  997. 
Colbert,  Isaac,  710. 
Colbert.  S.  R.,  1041. 
Cole,  James  II.,  785. 
Cole,  Joseph,  654. 
Cole,  Isaac,  702. 
Cole  J.  L.,  864. 
Cole,  John  B.,  556. 
Cole,  Ben,  565,  633. 
Coleman,  John,   1000. 
Coleman,  James  M.,  863,  865. 
Coleman,  W.  I).,  850. 
Coleman,  C.,  810. 
Coleman,  W.  N.,  552. 
Coleman,  Robert  W.,  654. 
Coleman,  J.  P.,   865. 


1068 


PERSONAL  INDEX. 


Coleman,  H.  B.,  805. 

Coleman,  John  H.,  805. 

Coleman,  Preston  B.,  1042. 

Collier,  James,  725- 

Collier,  C.  M.,  1035. 

Collier,  Wm.,  725. 

Collins,  James,  1000. 

Collins,  J.  L.,825. 

Collins,  A.  B.,  768. 

Collins,  J.  F.,  617. 

Collins,  E.  J.,  610. 

Collins,  S.  S.,  609. 

Collins,  Briney,  633. 

Collins,  Woodford,  686. 

Collins,  Abram,  551. 

Collins,  H.  Scott,  768,  773. 

Collins,  Thomas,  861. 

Collings,  John  H.,  1030. 

Collings,  Wm.  E.,  1030. 

Collings,  Isaac,  1030. 

Collings,  Ben,  1029. 

Colson,  Eph.,  1044. 

Colston,  Henry  C.,  68,   793. 

Colt,  John  A.,  865. 

Colter,  John,  787,  1054. 

Colvin,  J.  P.,  710. 

Colvin,  R.  H.,  710. 

Colvin,  Minor,  699. 

Comer,  Wm.,  565. 

Compton,  J.  F.,  798. 

Conder,  W.  H.,  "Chip,"  646,  874,  918, 

1025,  1056. 
Conelly,  O.,  762. 
Conelly,  John,    ''Little  Tommie,"    58, 

681. 

Conley,  John,  565. 
Connelly,  James  W.,  1030. 
Connelly,  John,  850. 
Connell,  A.,  721. 
Conner,  John,  106,  565,  733. 
Conner,  Andrew  J.,   687. 
Connor,  Ben  F.,  603. 
Connor.  George  W.,  222,  693,  1052. 
Conradt,  J.  Hughes,  603. 
Conyer,  John  M.,  1016. 
Conyers,  A.  M.,  932,  1015. 
Cook,  Thomas  B.,  222,  693,  723. 
Cook,  Wm.,  1052. 
Cook,  James,  675. 
Cook,  John  E.,  54,  840. 
Cook,  Newton,  832. 
Cooke,  C.  C.,  633. 
Cooke,  Thomas,  739. 
Cooley,  W.  L.,  556. 
Cooley,  John,  589. 
Cooney,  Richard,  840. 
Cooper,  Wiley,  714. 
Cooper,  Green,  714. 
Cooper,  J.  O.,  762. 
Cooper,  Richard,  625. 
Cooper,  S.,    no,  153. 
Cooper,  Caloway,  714,  1052. 
•Cooper,  J.  H.,  762. 


Cooper,  Green  B.,  687. 

Cooper,  John,  682. 

Cooper,  John  J.,  710. 

Cope,  A.  C.,  712,  1052. 

Cope.J.  R.,  755. 

Coppage,  Wm.  O.,  587. 

Corbin.  George,  810. 

Gorman,  George  W.,  725. 

Gorman,  Grat,  725. 

Cornelius.  Jesse,  809. 

Corrington,  J.  J.,  ^95. 

Corwin,  Alexander,  865. 

Cosgrove,  Tom,  681. 

Coston,  Henry  C.,  861. 

Coulter,  D.  P.,  575,  1050. 

Counts,  John,  699. 

Courtney,  John  T.,  832. 

Covington,  Thomas  H.,  647. 

Cowherd,  Theodore,  662,  1051. 

Cowling,  Henry  G.,  827. 

Cowper,  J.  T.,  1035. 

Cox,  W.  H.,  762. 

Cox,  Bradley,  610. 

Cox,  Samuel,  694. 

Cox,  Robert  F.,  805. 

Cox,  R.  F.,  746. 

Cox,  Milton  B.,  704. 

Cox,  W.  W.,692. 

Cox,  George  W.,  705. 

Cox,  William  Thomas,  705. 

Cox,  John,  705. 

Cox,  T.  L  ,  603. 

Cox,  Thomas  W.,  270,  792. 

Cox,  Stinson,  747. 

Cox,  Charles  T.,  662. 

Cox,  Wm.,  861. 

Cox,  James,  1035. 

Cox,  George  T.,  997. 

Cox,  Henry  C.,  1020. 

Coyle,  John,  850. 

Coyle,  Patrick,  687. 

Coyle,  Scott,  1022. 

Crabbe,  Nathaniel,  1025. 

Crabtree,  H.  R.,  loio. 

Crabtree,  Cyrus  W.,  1010. 

Craddock,  John  A.,  865. 

Craddock,  R.  P.,  865. 

Craig,  John  S.,  732. 

Craig,  L.  F.,  732. 

Craig,  Joseph,  827. 

Craig,  Joseph,  647,  1025. 

Grain,  Moses  Nat,  103,  105,  776,  783. 

Grain,  John  H.,  610,  1050. 

Cravens,  J.  C.,  1035. 

Cravens,  J.  D.,  1035. 

Cravens,  W.  P.,  1035. 

Crawford,  Parker,  832. 

Crawford,  John,  99,  794- 

Cray,  Andrew  W.,  675. 

Craycroft,  John  T.,  746,  755,  1053. 

Craycroft,  William  E.,  566. 

Crevison,  Samuel,  861,  865. 

Crewdson,  Samuel  B.,  101,  797. 


PERSONAL  INDEX. 


10ti9 


Cribbs,  Edward,  640. 

Crider,  Frank,  865. 

Crittenden,  George  B.,  57,  62,  70,  76, 

80,  86,  169,  174,  175,  181. 
Croan,  R.  II.,  914,  1021. 
Crocker,  James,  865. 
Crockett.  George  A.,  654. 
Crockett,  James  G.,  655,  1051. 
Crockett,  John  W.,  40,  632. 
Crockett,  Dandridge  S.,  161,737. 
Crofton,  James,  699. 
Cromwell,  John  E.,  557. 
Cromwell,  Henry,  634. 
Cromwell,  Stephen  C.,  1041. 
Cronan,  Andrew,  850. 
Cronan,  Mike,  865. 
Crook,  Silas  F.,  787. 
Crosby,  C.  F.,  1035. 
Cross,  James,  68 1. 

Crossland,  Ed,  126,  129,  133,  135,  138. 
Crosthwaite,  Vivian,  565. 
Crouch,  John  R.,  595. 
Crouch,  Granville,  721. 
Crouch,  J.  H.,  721. 
Crouch,  N.  A.,  162,  815. 
•Crouch,  Lewis,  865. 
Crouch,  A.  D.,  675. 
Croudus,  John  P.,  662. 
Crow,  F.  M.,  1000. 
Croxton,  H.  T.,  865. 
Crum,  Beeler,  1000. 
Crumpton,  William,  662. 
Crumpton,  N.,  768. 
Crutcher,  Stephen  B.,  746. 
Crutcher,  William  G.,  739. 
Crutcher,  Sebe,  746. 
Crutcher,  John,  582. 
Crutcher,  Garrard  D.,  603. 
Crutcher,  James  G.,  739. 
Crutcher,  James,  755. 
Crutchfield,  James,  818. 
Crutchfield,  G.  W.,  1035. 
Culley,  Horace  B.,  793. 
Culley,  Freland  H.,  565. 
Culley,  James,  582. 
Culp,  Woodford,  721. 
Cummins,  Joe  F.,  732. 
Cummins,  Joseph,  732. 
Cummins,  George,  732. 
Cummins,  J.  W.,  732. 
Cummins,  Robert  S..  732. 
Cummins,  Thomas,  589. 
Cummings,  Squire,  840. 
Cummings,  Daniel,  706. 
Cummings,  Buford,  840. 
Cundiff,  John  B.,  564. 
Cunningham,  M.  C.,  Jr.,  669. 
Cunningham,  John,  666. 
Cunningham,  G.  G. ,  669. 
Cunningham,  M.  C.,  Sr.,  669. 
Cunningham,  E.  A.,  669. 
Cunningham,  James,  551. 
Cunningham,  J.  W.,  164,  582. 


j    Cunningham,  Pat,  633. 
!    Cunningham,  Jacob  H.,  1025. 
|    Cunningham,  M.  J.,  1039. 
!    Churchwell,  John  C.,  687. 

Curd,  Henry  M.,  194,  848. 

Curd,  John  C.,  557. 

Curry,  C.  Lewis,  1010. 

Curry,  James  W.,  655. 

Curtis,  G.  W.,  1045. 

Cushenberry,  J.  O.,  798. 

Cutter,  John,  1021. 

Dabney,  James  W.,  805. 

Dadisman,  J.  D.,   1035. 

Dadisman,  LndM.,  747. 

Daily,  L.  T.,  1039. 

Daily,  Joseph,  582. 

Dafran,  Franc  M.,  662. 

Dafran,  Morgan,  662. 

Dafran,  John,  662. 

Dance,  Thomas,  699. 

Dancer,  E.  C.,  818. 

Daniel,  R.  T.,  692. 

Daniel,  Peter  V.,  144,  213,  837. 

Daniels,  George  D.,  865. 

Dant,  James,  655. 

Darnell,  James  M.,  714. 

Darnell,  Southey  W.,  655. 

Darnell,  Wm.,  662. 

Darrah,  F.  M.,  863,  865. 

Darragh,  Thomas  B.,  92,  186,  192,  679. 

Darst,  Robert,  755. 
Davezac,  E.  L.,522. 
Davidson,  A.  G.,  625. 
Davidson,  James,  626. 
Davidson,  James  L.,  841. 
Davidson,  Thomas  J.,  128. 
Davidson,  S.  P.,  1034. 
Davidson,  W.  O.,  747,  805. 
Davidson,  J.  F.,  769. 
Davidson,  Fielding  W.,  776. 
Davie,  Thomas  W.,  624. 
Davis,  R.  L.,  1030,  1045. 
Davis,  Wm.,  1010. 
Davis,  Moses,   720. 
Davis,  Joseph  L.,  874,  1033. 
Davis,  G.  W.,  1046. 
Davis,  W.  Ike.,  603. 
Davis,  W.  B.,  755. 
Davis,  F.,  1030. 
Davis,  J.,  1030. 
Davis,  Perry,  695. 
Davis,  John  S.,  695. 
Davis,  Hardin,  721. 
Davis,  Sanford,  706. 
Davis,  Philip,  626. 
Davis,  Thomas,  634,  640. 
Davis,  Ben,  850. 
Davis,  Sam,  865. 
Davis,  Wm.  F.,  850. 
Davis,  B.  F.,  589. 
Davis,  Jack,  588. 
Davis,  M.  L.,663. 
Davis,  W.  S.,  575. 


1070 


PERSONAL  INDEX. 


Davis,  John  C.,  596. 
Davis,  Charles  II.,  603. 
Davis,  John,  588. 
Davis,  A.  A.,  550. 
Davis,  C.  D.,  550,  552. 
Davis,    Jeff  C.,  23,  25, 


,   144,   168, 


is,  John  F.,  742,  805,  1053. 
Davis,  R.  W.,  695. 
Davis,  R.  H.,  958. 
Davis,  Frank,  695. 
Davis,  Garret,  279. 
Davis,  George,  676. 
Davis,  Alexander  B.,  863. 
Davis  John  W.,  557. 
Daws,  Alexander  A.,   552. 
Dawson,  R.,  733. 
Dawson,    Charles,   90,    142,   1053. 
Dawson,  Charles,  787. 
Dawson,  Wra.,  794. 
Dawson,  E.  R.,  655. 
Dawson,  W.  H.,  655. 
Dawson,  J.  W.,  1026. 
Dawson,  George,  1026. 
Dawson,  C.  H.,  787. 
Dean,  S.  M.,  1016, 
Debrell,  Gen.,  119,  956. 
Decker,  Jo.,  566. 
Dedman,  Gustavus,  213,  609. 
Dedman,  H.  S.,  695. 
Dees,  John,  647. 
Dehane,  Henry,  617. 
Dejarnette,  Ben  F.,  997. 
Delaney,  George  T.,  918,  1042. 
Delph,  Charles  E.,  557. 
Demar,  John  H.,  655. 
Demar,  John  T.,  861,  865. 
Demaster,  L.  D.,  582. 
Dempsey,  Wm.  G.,  681. 
Dent,  E.  W.,84O. 
Denton,  Samuel  G.,  647. 
Derryberry,  Allen,  144,  840. 
DeSaulles,  A.  B.,  133. 
Desha,  Ben,  85,  830. 
Desha,  Jo,  194,  199,  222,  728,  729. 
Devers,  M.,  832. 
Devin,  W.  H.,  681. 
Dew,  Robert,  667. 
Dew,  W.  W.,  667. 
Dew,  W.  F.,  669. 
Dewese,  Sol,  638. 
Diamond,  V.  B.,  1042. 
Dickens,  James,  1025. 
Dickens,  W.  E.,  582 
Dickerson,  J.  W.,  1045. 
Dickerson,  W.,  1046. 
Dickerson,  W.  H.,  865. 
Dickerson,  William,  861. 
Dickerson,  Ben  F.,  787. 
Dickey,  W.  Frank,  762,  1054. 
Dickinson,  William,  769,  773. 
Dickinson,  M.  H.,  53. 
Dickman,  John,  850. 


Diefenback,  George,  640. 

Dietrich,  Jo,  1030. 

Dillard,  John,  754. 

Dillard,  R.  M.,  1007. 

Diller,  J.  H.,6i7. 

Dills,  John  H.,  59,  832    1054. 

Disney,  George,  238,  688. 

Dix,  Philip,  688. 

Doak,  Thomas,  1035. 

Dobbin,  R.  S.,  841. 

Dobson,  E.  L.,  662. 

Dockery,  Tucker  W.,  776. 

Dodd,  Thomas  L.,  119,  766. 

Dodd,  George  B.,  776. 

Dodge,  J.  W.,  617. 

Dodge,  Thaddeus  L.,  297,  622. 

Dodge,  R.,  1046. 

Dodson,  James  C.,  841. 

Donaldson,  James,  256,  688. 

Donaldson,  J.  C.,  1007. 

Donellan,  John  M.,  557. 

Dongan,  K.,  699. 

Donohue,  James,  755,  805. 

Donovan,  Mike,  589. 

Dooley,  Robert,  676. 

Dooley,  C.  C.,  89,  673. 

Doolittle,  Lewis  J.,  681. 

Doom,  James,  865. 

Dorman,  J.  M.,  699. 

Dorman,  George  S.,  1039. 

Dorn,  Julius,  1000. 

Dorris,  S.  P.,  850. 

Dorris,  E.  B.,  850. 

Dorsey,  Eli,  997,  1041. 

Dorsey,  Warren,  1000. 

Dougherty,  Thomas,  865. 

Dougherty,  Michael  C.,  557. 

Dougherty,  H.  D.,  54,  818. 

Dougherty,  James  William,  603. 

Dougherty,  William  R.,  625,  1052, 

Downing,  Richard  T.,  557- 

Downey,  James,  1035. 

Downs,  Andrew  J.,  710. 

Dowell,  John  H.,  1039. 

Dowell,  Ben  G.,  1039. 

Doyle,  Lewis,  710. 

Doyle,  George,  810. 

Doyle,  John,  1044. 

Drake,  James,  997. 

Drake,  J.  A.,  1010. 

Drake,  George  W.,  832. 

Drane,  John,  776. 

Draine,  Z.  T.,  865. 

Drennon,  Henry,  582. 

Drinkard,  Frank,  575. 

Drinkhard,  W.  J.,  1007. 

Driscoll,  Frank  M.,  776. 

Drury,  John,  818. 

Duckwall,  Isaac,  54,  850. 

Dudley,  B.  W.,  297,  549. 

Dudley,  Robert  L.,  634,  863. 

Dudley,  J.  R.,  865. 

Dudley,  Isham  T.,  47,  103,  196,  652, 


I'KKSONAL  INDEX. 


1071 


Dudley,  15.  A.,  865. 

Duflot,  D.  D.,  582. 

Duke,  Dr.  Basil,  301,  692. 

Duke,  Gen.  Basil,    154,    155,  157,  162, 

163,  956. 

Duke,  C.  C.,  783,  799. 
Dulaney,  Robert  K.,  603. 
Dulaney,   farmer,  566. 
Dunaway,  James,  710. 
Duncan,  G.  \V.,278. 
Duncan,  L.  L.,  755. 
Duncan,  Alex  V.,  743,  1053. 
Duncan,  Thomas  G.,  743,  1053. 
Duncan,  Hab,  747. 
Duncan,  Frank,  1016. 
Duncan,  R.  S.,  1046. 
Dunlap,  R.,  1026. 
Dunlap,  C.  S.,  1007. 
Dunn,  Robert,  85,  196,  679. 
Dunn,  E.  E.,  810. 
Dunn,  Robert,  733. 
Dunn,  John,  810. 
Dunn,  William,  655. 
Dunn,  \V.  G.,  1046. 
Dunn,  Sam,  865. 
Dunn,  G.  W.,  1030. 
Dupin,  John  H.,  1042. 
Dupoyster,  Thomas  C.,  552. 
Durbin,  Al,  818. 
Durbin,  J.  H.,  794. 
Durham,  R.  P.,  661. 
Durham,  John,  1024. 
Durham,  Jesse  \V.,  776,  783. 
Durossett,  Jack  W.,  589. 
Durossett,  James,  676. 
Durrett,  W.  L.,  667. 
Durr,  Alexander,  695. 
Duvall,  Marine,  566. 
Duvall  Cornelius,  655. 
Duvall,  Wm.  H.,  564. 
Duvall  Miles  A.,  1030. 
Dye,  C.  M.,   1008. 
Dye,  Jesse  B.,  1042. 
Dyer,  Thomas  M.,  1004. 
Dyer,  Wm.,  840. 
Dyer,  M.  V.,  841. 
Dyer,    John  William,  874,  959,    1004, 

1041  ;  quoted  286,  876. 
Dyre,  Thomas  J.,  786. 
Dyson,  R.  B.,  552. 
Eales,  Samuel  J.,  723>  1052. 
Bales,  H.  T.,  723. 
Earles,  John  H.,  762. 
Earnest,  J.  A.  J.,  733. 
East,  J.,  865. 
East,  J.  T.,  865. 
Eastburn,  j.  C.,  1035. 
Eastes,  Otho,  762. 
Eaves,  Henry,  725. 
Eaton,  Joseph  H.,  515. 
Eaton,  T.  T.,  515. 
Eckford,  Joseph  W.,  297,  622. 
Eddins,  Ben,  1010. 


Eddins,  Brown,  1010. 
Eddings,  Hiram,  1042. 
Eddings.  Frank,  647. 
Edelin,  J.  J.,   756. 
Edelin,  James  B.,  582. 
Edmonds,  J.  P.,  797. 
Edimmsor,,  W.  C.,8io. 
Edmunson,  John  W.,  810. 
Edmunson,  D.,  810. 
Edwards,  Charles.  850. 
Edwards,  Sandy  T. ,  774. 
Edwards,  J.,  866. 
Edwards,  S.  H.,  165,  552. 
Edwards,  A.  F.,  699. 
Edwards,  John,  818. 
Edwards,  David,  769. 

Edwards, ,  617. 

Edwards,  Lodge,  582. 

Edwards,  E.  R.,  552. 

Edwards,  John  W.,  552,   703. 

Edwards,  JohnL.,  688. 

Egbert,  J.  O.,  564. 

Egnew,  A.  J.,  589. 

Ehrman,  Alfred,  557. 

Eidson,  W.  B.,  669. 

Eisert,  L.  P.,  6 17. 

Elder,  Guy,  1014,  1033. 

Eldridge,  Jesse,  714. 

Eldridge,  Joshua,    713. 

Elgin,  Gano  A.,  604. 

Elkin,  John,  582. 

Elmore,  Seth  B.,  776. 

Elmore,  John  H.,  776. 

Elmore,  John  Vincent,  783. 

Elliott,  John  W.,  40. 

Elliott,  —     — ,  996. 

Elliott,  E.  P.,  144,  850. 

Elliott,  H.  E.,  626. 

Ellis,  James,  696. 

Ellis,  Wm.,  739. 

Ellis,  John,  653. 

Ellis,  Thomas  H.,  816,  1054. 

Ellis,  D.  W.,  762. 

Ellis,  Henry  Clay,  603,  715,  1052. 

Ellis,    Wm.   T.,    874,    944,    960,    997, 

1015. 

Ellis,  R.  F.,  1046. 
Ellis,  Capt.,   1004. 
Ellis,  Leander,  695. 
Ellis,  Wm.,  739. 
Ellington,  James  William.  706. 
Ellison,  M.  W.,  647. 
Ellison,  Davis  ("Shaker"),  1022. 
Ellison,  James,  655. 
Elliston,  H.  P.,8i8. 
Emerson,  Garret.  640. 
Emerson,  James  V.,  557. 
Emerson,  G.  W.,  610. 
Emerson,  Judd,  776. 
Emmick,  George,  997. 
English,  Addison,  998. 
English,  A.  S.,  1015. 
English,  E.  H.,  1014. 


1072 


PERSONAL  INDEX. 


English,  H.,  865. 
English,  Jack  M.,  566. 
English,  J.  M.,  753- 
Erskine,  James  R.,  998,  1042. 
Essex,  George  S.,  755,  787. 
Estep,  William  T.,  548,  601. 
Estep,  B.  Winslow,  603. 
Estes,  Allen  H.,  944,  997,  1042. 
Estes,  W.  W.,  997,  1042. 
Estes,  William  H.,  769,  773. 
Estes,  Thomas,  997. 
Estes,  Ab,  997,  1041. 
Estill,  Steve,  242,  604. 
Estill,  John  Steve,  144,  833. 
Etheridge,  W.  E.,  866. 
Evaleth,  G.  H.,  582. 
Evans,  James,  1010. 
Evans,  F.  T.,  566. 
Evans,  Thomas,  833. 
Evans,  J.,  1046. 
Evans,  J.  W.,  841. 
Evans,  Frank,  755. 
Evans,  Coleman,  71-0. 
Evans,   R.  J.,  566. 
Evans,  Alexander,  150. 
Eveleth,  George  H.,  588. 
Everett,  Sam  D.,  674. 
Ewing,  George  W.,  40. 
Ewing,  J.  D-,  1016,  1055. 
Exum,  J.  K.,  655. 
Ezell,  G.  M.,  666. 
Fagan,  James,  617. 
Fahey,  John,  604. 
Faith,  George,  686. 
Falkerson,  A.,  370. 
Fannin,  Milton  G.,  706. 
Fanning,  Jeffrey,  647. 
Farrier,  Henry,  866. 
Farmer,  W.  B.  H.,  805.  1010. 
Farmer,  Hiram,  711. 
Farmer,  R.  E.,  841. 
Farmhalls,  Peter,  682. 
Farrell,  John,  611. 
Faughender,  James  II.,  826. 
Faughm,  S.  P.  B.,  670. 
Faulkner,  William  L.,  699. 
Faulkner,  Pleasant  L.,  Sn. 
Faulkner,  H.  S.,  552. 
Faulkner,  F.  M.,  1016. 
Fechtstrawn,  James,  861 
Fee,  Elijah,  583. 
Fehaney,  Thomas,  688 
Felker,  George,  617- 
Fenwick,  George,  641. 
Ferguson,  Hayden,  712. 
Ferguson,  William  J.,  706. 
Ferguson,  S.  S.,  699 
Ferguson,  Franc  M.,  699. 
Ferguson,  H.  E.,  776. 
Ferguson,  F.  M.,  670. 
Ferguson,  Len,  615. 
Ferguson,  J.  O.,  669. 
Ferguson,  John  L.,  706. 


Ferguson,  Walter  F.,  557. 
Fiddler,  Jordan,  610. 
P'ield,  Thomas  M.,  783. 
Fields,  Perry  D.,  694. 
Fields,  Jeff,  676. 
Fields,  John,  1016. 
Fields,  James,  866. 
Fields,  John,  833. 
Fife,  William,  851. 
Figg,  James,  788. 
Fight,  Joseph,  Sr.,  725. 
Fight,  Joseph,  Jr.,  725. 
Fightmaster,  John,  833. 
Finch,  J.  B.,  810. 
Finn,  Richard  P.,  797,  1053. 
Finnell,  Benjamin,  604. 
Finnie,  Daniel,  1004. 
Fischinger,  Louis,  634. 
Fish,  Henry  C.,  702. 
Fish,  Thomas  E.,  604. 
Fish,  John,  711. 
Fishback,  William  N.,  730. 
Fisher,  William  J.,  626. 
Fisher,  James  R.,  626. 
Fisher,  Thompson,  626. 
Fisher,  Victor  F.,  566. 
Fisher,  Mark,  841. 
Fisher,  H.  J.,  841. 
Fisher,  A.  G.,  841. 
Fisher,  Jo,  841. 
Fisher,  T.  M.,  783,  799. 
Fitzgerald,  Pat,  292,  617. 
Fitzhenry,  James  M.,  89,  637. 
Fitzhenry,  Charles,  641. 
Fitzhenery,  Sam,  641. 
Fitzpatrick,  William  P.,  596. 
Fletcher,  Wiley  P.,  810. 
Fletcher,  William  C.,  688. 
Fleming,  L.,  583. 
Flincham,  William,  703. 
Floor,  Jordan,  756. 
Flowers,  J.  N.,  841. 
Flowers,  Cager  W.,  575- 
Floyd,  Henry,  739. 
Floyd,  John,  576. 
Floyd,  Samuel,  576. 
Floyd,  Elijah,  788. 
Flusser,  Guy,  1001,  1014. 
Flynn,  William  O.,  617. 
Fogarty.  J.  G.,  634,  861. 

F°gg,  Jonn>  7°6- 
Fogle,  George,  567. 
Fogle,  Richard,  696. 
Fogle,  Jacob  M.,  699. 
Fogle,  John  M.,733- 
Foote,  Commodore,  63. 
Forbes,  William  II.,  688. 
Forbes,  James,  688. 
Forbis,  William  W.,  626. 
Fore,  Lemuel,  738. 
Force,  George  W.,  747- 
Ford,  Mrs.  Francis,  278. 
Ford,  Ben  F.,  558. 


PERSONAL  INDKX 


1073 


Pord,  R.  S.,  563. 

Ford,  Fulton,  566. 

Ford,  C.  L.,  587. 

Ford,  S.  H.,  40. 

Ford,  W.  T.,  634. 

Ford,  Joseph,  610. 

Ford.  T.  II.,  799. 

Ford,  James  W.,  825. 

Ford,  Isaac,  1004. 

Ford,  B.  F.,  1046. 

Forman,  Arthur  T.,  297,  549. 

Forman,  Fielding,  825. 

Forman,  J.  B.,  747. 

Forman,  Jack  M.,  1030. 

Forman,  Samuel  T.,  88,  679. 

Forrest,    Bedford,    80,    151,    205,  214, 

219,  881,  886,  888,  892,  904. 
Fort,  T.  E.,  1007. 
Fortinberry,  James  L.,  851, 
Foster,  J.  Cj.,  670. 
Foster,  John,  703. 
Forsythe,  James,  699. 
Fouch,  William,  714. 
Foulks,  James  G.,  810. 
Fourqueran,  B.,  810. 
Fowler,  A.  P.,  144. 
Fowler,  Robert  T.,  576. 
Fowler,  W.  L.,  1046. 
Fowler,  A.  J.,  1046. 
Fowler,  Henry  J.,  733. 
Fox,  John,  851. 
Fox,  Amos.  747,  1052. 
Fox,  Robert,  676. 
Fox,  William,  818, 
Fralich,  Marion,  866. 
France,  John  M.,  810. 
Francioli,  Charles,  626. 
Franklin,  R.,  747. 
Franklin,  John,  706. 
Franklin,   William    W.,    225,  776,  783, 

1052. 

Franks,  J.  D.,  716. 
Frazee,  William,  583. 
Frazier,  L.  F..  566. 
Frazier,  Jordan   M.,  609. 
Frazier,  Albert,  688. 
Frazier,  Joseph  A.,  611. 
Frazier,  William,  557. 
Frazier,  Jerome,  558. 
Frazier,  W.  II.,  1029. 
Frederick,  Samuel,  1001. 
Freeburg,  Charles,  144,  851. 
Freeman,  William  A.,  589. 
Freeman,  Edwin  J.,  756. 
Freeman,  Terah  M.,  558. 
Freeman,  Leonard  D..  1001,  1022. 
French,  Alexander,  866. 
French,  Ben,  1042. 
French,  Nick,  676, 
Friend,  Jacob,  861. 
Frisby,  Jasper,  706. 
Fritz.  Peter,  144,  851. 
Fritz,  Henry,  587. 
68 


Froman,  David,  611. 

Froman,  Ben,  611. 

Frost,  Cornelius,  703. 

Frost,  George,  864,  866. 

Fry,  Henry  W.,  818. 

Fryar,  Beverly  M.,  733. 

Fryar,  Jack,  696. 

Fryar,  J.  W.,  747. 

Fugate,  John,  706. 

Fugate,  Isaac,  703. 

Fugate,  John  D.,  703. 

Fuller,  L.  P.,  1030. 

Fuller,  Hawkins,  706. 

Funk,  Frank,  756. 

Funk,  Henry  E.,  725. 

Fuqua,  L.  A.,  866. 

Fuqua,  John  II.,  811. 

Fuqua,  J.  O.,  133. 

Fussar,  J.  J.,  1035. 

Gaar,  Presley,  1001. 

Gable,  Henry,  725. 

Gaddie,  T.  D.,  552. 

Gafford,  John  P.,  661. 

Gage,  James,  617. 

Gaines,  J.  K.,  785. 

Gaines,  J.  T.,  24,  737. 

Gaines,  Wm.  A.,  944. 

Galbreath,  W.  A.,  1030. 

Galbraith,  George,  589. 

Gale,  Marion,  716. 

Gallaher,  George,  567. 

Gait,  W.  H.,  1014,  1055. 

Galloway,  Thomas,  769. 

Galloway,  C.  T.,  783. 

Galvin,  John,  611. 

Gant,  J.  V.,  670. 

Gardiner,  Wm.  J.,  1005,    1055. 

Gardner,  J.  M.,  1039. 

Gardner,  John,  583. 

Garner,  H.  B.,  1008. 

Garner,  Wm.,  688. 

Garnett,  Wm.  H.,  720. 

Garnett,  W.  W.,   1008. 

Garnett,  V.  A.,  1008. 

Garnett,  J.  J.,  1030. 

Garr,  Hiram,  852. 

Garr,  Thomas  B.,  1033,  1036. 

Garr,  J.  Polk,  1036. 

Garrett,  Mathew,  689. 

Garrett,  Samuel  W.,  558. 

Garrett,  S.  W.,  634. 

Garrigus,  Lewis  C.,  689. 

Garrity,  James,  1039. 

Garvin,  Hal  V.,  769. 

Gary,  James,  576. 

Gates,  John,  819. 

Gatewood,  Lewis,  648. 

Gatewood,  T.  B  ,  617. 

Gatlin,  A.,  1046. 

Gathright.  Rich  O.,  1001. 

Gathright,  John  R.,  1001. 

Gaton,  fohn,  851* 

Gavin,  John,  275,  783,  799. 


1074 


PERSONAL  INDEX. 


Gay,  E.  H.,  552. 

Gay,  Joseph  M.,  550,  552. 

Gayle,  J.  W.,  550,  552. 

Gayle,  Marion,  716. 

Gayley,  Charles  \V.,  551,  552. 

Geiger,  James,  634,  1005. 

Gentry,  John,  747. 

Gentry,  Napoleon  B.,  747,  805. 

Gentry,  T.  V.,  805. 

Gentry,  John  B.,  805. 

Gentt,  John  A.,  663. 

George,  Joseph,  656. 

George,  Wm.  E.,  558. 

George,  Richard,  1017. 

Gervers,  Francis  A.,  819. 

Gee,  A.  J.,  842. 

Gibbs,  Robert  T.,  1036. 

Gibbon,  George  B.,  805. 

Gibbony,  Thomas,  788. 

Gibson,  D.  H.,  799. 

Gibson,  D.  M.,  583. 

Gibson.  R.  L.,  186,  189,  215. 

Gibson,  Albert  G.,  860. 

Gibson,  George  F.,  770. 

Gibson,  L.  H.,  552. 

Gibson,  James,  769. 

Gibson,  R.,  1026. 

Gibson,  H.  L.,  576. 

Gifford,  Henry,   733. 

Gilbert,  A.  H.,  842. 

Gilchrist,  Samuel,  641. 

Giles,  Thomas,  1026. 

Gill,  Wm.  S.,  769,  783,  1054. 

Gillen,  John,  648. 

Gillerlan,  Wm.,  626. 

Gillespie,  Henry  H.,  851. 

Gillespie,  Miles  C.,  676. 

Gilley,  John,  583. 

Gilliland,  John  H.,  1033,  1036. 

Gilliss.  T.  S.,  788. 

Gillock,  Hez,  777. 

Gillock,  F.  G.  R.,  769. 

Gillock,  James  M.,  626. 

Gillock,  William  H.,  626,  769. 

Gillock,  James,  777. 

Gillum,  John  W.,  90,  145,  220,  808. 

Gillum,  T.  E.,  811. 

Gillum,  W.  H.,8n. 

Gilmore,  J.  M.,  1030. 

Gilmore,  Wm.,  558. 

Gilvin,  E.  L.,  596. 

Gist,  J.  W.,  1010. 

Given,  S.  G.,  842. 

Givens,  Richard,  1010. 

Givens,  Nat,  1010. 

Givens,  Alex,  1010. 

Glasscock,  Wm.,  567. 

Glasscock,  J.,  1046. 

Glasscock,  Wm.,  833. 

Glasgow,  C.  L.,  756. 

Glasgow,  Thomas,  676. 

Glasgow,  Frank,  733- 

Glasgow,  Wm.,   756. 


Glass,  W.  R.,  866. 

Glass,  J.  M.,  1026. 

Glass,  Owen,  861. 

Glore,  Wm.,  739. 

Glover,  John  B.,  618. 

Gobin,  James  W.,  634,  866. 

Goddard,  W.  A.,  1026. 

Golden,  John,  851. 

Gooch,  James,  725- 

Good,  Peter,  851. 

Goodjoin,  M.  C.,  550,  552. 

Goodknight,  Thomas  M.,  797,  1053. 

Goodman,  William,  583. 

Goodman,  Frank  M.,  583. 

Goodwin,  William,  688. 

Gordon,  Stephen  H.,  866. 

Gordon,  Barnett,  648. 

Gordon,  Thomas  B.,  706. 

Gordon,  Robert,  604. 

Gordon,  Stephen  D.,  589. 

Gordon,  Elisha  Smoot,  558. 

Gordon,  Mason,  1036. 

Gordon,  Gilbert,  Jo6. 

Gordon,  J.  R.,  800. 

Gordon,  Lawrence,  648. 

Gordon,  D.  B.,  842. 

Gordon,  L.  D.,  866. 

Gordon,  John,  647. 

Gordon,  J.  B.,  842. 

Gordon,  J.  S.,  799. 

Gordon,  Neal,  706. 

Gore,  Joshua,  295. 

Gorham,  Charles,  811. 

Gorham,  John,  647. 

Gosney,  L.,  699. 

Gossett,  William,  576. 

Gosson,  John,  851. 

Gough,  C.,  634. 

Gough,  William  Henry,  641. 

Gough,  William,  1004. 

Grace,  G.  E.,  670. 

Grace,  Richard,  670. 

Gracey,  Francis  P.,  214,  231,  240,  863, 

1055- 

Grafton,  C.  R.,  918,  1029. 
Graham,  Alonzo  W.,  1001. 
Graham,  M.  B.,  654. 
Graham,  John  S.,  75^- 
Graham,  H.  C.,  811. 
Grainger,   Andrew,  1005. 
Grainger,  William  L.,  1010. 
Grainger,  Gervais  D.,  275,  799>  IO54- 
Grainger,  George,  851. 
Grainger,  A.  S.,  799- 
Grant,  Alexander,  682. 
Grant,    U.    S.,    75,   82,    108,   207,   230, 

883,  947,  956- 
Grant,  J.  E.  B.,  634. 
Grant,  J.  Aleck,  1044. 
Grant,  Samuel,  676. 
Gramor,  Albert,  144. 
Graves,  Dan  C.,  656. 
Graves,  J.  J.,  656. 


1'KKSOXAL  INDEX. 


1075 


Graves,  Robert  €.,851. 
Graves,  Robert  H.,  558. 
Graves,  Rice  E.,  46,  64,  66,  68,  71,  74, 

148,  150,  185,  188,  190,211,  860. 
Gray,  John,  1046. 
Gray,  Samuel,  92,  103. 
Gray,  G.,  866. 
Gray,  Henry  \V.,  806. 
Gray,  W.  M..  1030. 
Gray,  Norborne  G.,  819,  1054. 
Gray,  Isaac,  696. 
Gray,  Drakeford,  733. 
Gray,  L.,  1030. 
Grear,  Ross,  747. 
Green,  John  W.,  273,  819,  1055. 
Green,  John  W.,  715. 
Green,  J.  J.,  696. 
Green,  James,  716. 
Green,  H.  S.,  737,  1052. 
Green,  Henry,  641. 
Green,  R.  C.,  866. 
Green,  Richard,  827. 
Green,  John  P.,  703. 
Green,  Elias,  682. 
Green,  L.  P.,  866. 
Greenwell,  H.  B.,  1039. 
Greenwell,  William,  641. 
Greenwell,  George,  998. 
Greenwell,  T.  S.,  1039. 
Greenwood,  J.  W.,  699. 
Greenwood,  W.  II.,  699. 
Greenwood,  F.  \V.,  1039. 
Greenwood,  G.  F.,  1039. 
Greer,  Isaac  J.,  777. 
Greer,  Ross,  747,  805. 
Greer,  J.  P.,  1011. 
Greer,  James,  998. 
Gregory,  James  II.,  588. 
Gregory,  John,  783,  800. 
Gregory,  T.  B.,   5/6. 
Gregory,  Ed,  838,  1054. 
Gregory,  Felix,  863. 
Gregory,  F.  G.,  866. 
Gresham,  M.,  670. 
Gresham,  J.  W.,  866. 
Grime,  \Villiam,  788. 
Griffin,  Jesse  E..  783,  800. 
Griffin,  James,  842. 
Griffin,  Andrew,  596. 
Griffin,  J.  D.,  596. 
Griffin,  John  G.,  637. 
Griffin,  F.  M.,   1017. 
Griffin,  Turner,  689. 
Griffith,  John  C.,  558. 
Griffith,  Newton  L.,  1001,  1022. 
Griffith,  Joseph,  1001. 
Griffith,  Jacob  W.,  906,  926,  977,  999, 

1014. 

Griffith,  William,  1017. 
Griffith,  Thomas  R.,  1001,  1022. 
Grigsby,    J.    Warren,    896,    912,    929, 

934- 
Grinstead,  Thomas  J.,  777. 


Grinter,  D.  W.,  8n. 

Grissom,  T.  C.,  762. 

Grooms,  Frosty,  1017. 

Gross,  A.  J.,  841,  1054. 

Gross,  Thomas,  703. 

Gross,  —      — ,  589. 

Gross,  Samuel,  703. 

Grubbs,  William  H.,  8ll. 

Grubbs,  Samuel,  8n. 

Grudinger,  M.,  866. 

Gudgel,  William,  788. 

Gudgell,  Elijah,  1026. 

Guill,  John  W.,  648. 

Guilliam,  James  T.,  682. 

Guilliam.  Ed  B.,  682. 

Gullett,  \Vm.  \V.,  711. 

Guthrie,  James,  747,  805. 

Guthrie,  James  T.,  567. 

Gunnels,  A.  W.,  866. 

Gwinn,  John  W.,  7I5- 

Gwinn,  William,  Jll. 

Gwinn,  Richard,  676. 

Gwynn,  George  R.,  552* 

Gwynn,  R.,  1008. 

Ilackely,  Oscar,  611. 

Ilackett,  Neill,  739. 

Hackett,  S.,  1036. 

Hackley,  John  W.,  788. 

Hackley,  S.  O.  C.,  611. 

Hadden,  B.  F.,  ion. 

Haddix.  W.  A.,  703. 

Haddix,  James,  703. 

Haddix,  Hiram,  703. 

Ilafer,  John,  IOOI. 

I  lagan,  William,  820. 

Hagan,  Alexander,  1023. 

Hagan^  Ed,  819. 

Hagar,  J.  J.,  783,  800. 

Hager,  Hillary,  1005. 

Hagerman,  William,  805. 

Hagerman,  W.  II.,  748. 

Hagerman,  S.,  1036. 

Hagerman,  S.  G.,  567. 

Hague,  R.  M.,  144. 

Haight,  F.  M.,  1031. 

Haile,  Thomas  N.,  552. 

Haines,  F.  M.,  783,  800. 

Haines,  J.  W.,  777. 

Halbert,  B.  V.,  1026. 

Haldeman,  William  B.,  842,  1054. 

Hale,  —     — ,  ion. 

Hale,  Lieut.-Col.,  80,  83,  108. 

Hale  D.,  670.    ' 

Hales,  Henry  J.,  552. 

Haley,  Dennis,  656. 

Haley,  Ernest,  852. 

Hall,  Caleb,    1011. 

Hall,  B.  H.,  307. 

Hall,  Henry  L.,  734. 

Hall,  O.J.,  754. 

Hall,  Thornton,  ion. 

Hall,  William,  998. 

Hall,  Virgil  S.,  626. 


1076 


PERSONAL  INDEX. 


Hall,  Joseph,  827. 
Hall,  A.  J.,  663. 
Hall,  Isaiah,  711. 
Hall,   Henderson,   ion. 
Hall,  Harmon,  1017. 
Hall,  Henry  C,  627. 
Hall,  Joseph  G  ,  54,  826. 
Hall,  Charles  E.,  558. 
Hall,  Virgil,  589. 
Hall,  Malen,  676. 
Hall,  George  F.,  682. 
Hall,  William,  703. 
Hall,  Philip,  676. 
Hall,  Andrew  J.,  656. 
Hallem,  James  R.,  618. 
Halliburton,  Mrs.,  165. 
Halliday.T.  F.,  866. 
Halliday,  B.  F.,  866. 
Halt,  H.  C.,  133. 
Ham,  E.,  663. 
Hamilton,  William,  733. 
Hamilton,  Isaiah   ("Belzie"),   1022. 
Hamilton,  Henry,  861. 
Hamilton,  W.  H.,  763. 
Hamilton,  Alexander,   1005. 
Hamilton,  Wm.  B.,  128. 
Hamilton,  S.  W.,  867. 
Hamilton,  Jacob,  833. 
Hamlin,  John,  783. 
Hammond,  William  H.,  605. 
Hammond,  N.  B.,  605. 
Hammond,  Richard  E.,  552. 
'  Hampton,  J.  W.,  842. 
Hampton,  Wade,  952. 
Hancock,  Marion,  633. 
Hancock,  B.  F.,  634. 
Hancock,  James,  641. 
Hancock,  Mark,  639. 
Hancock,  Tabor,  648. 
Hancock,  Thomas,  635. 
Hancock,  John  H.,  951,  1022. 
Hancock,  J.  B.,  1024. 
Hancock,  H.,  656. 
Hancock,  C.  B.,  866. 
Handy,  Daniel  L.,  589. 
Handy,  Clabe  D.,  783. 
Handley,  James,  686. 
Handley,  Francis  M.,  576,  1050. 
Haney,  James  M.,  707. 
Haney,  Ira,  711. 
Haney,  Coleman,  711. 
Hangley,  James,  734. 
Hanks,  D.  G.,  6n,  788. 
Hanks,  John  M.,  611. 
Hanks,  S.  James,  609. 
Hanley,  Madison  D.,  711. 
Hanlon,  John,  950,  1022. 
Hanna,  T.  F.,    1008. 
Hanner,  Thomas,  552. 
Hansbrough,  J.  E.,  1030. 
Hanson,  R.  W.,  22,  45,  63,  66,  68,  71, 

75,  148,  151,  158,  159,  165,  170,  175, 

180,  193,  196,  200,  548. 


Hanson,  Mrs.  Roger  W..  317,  318. 

Hanson,  Isaac,  596. 

Harbolt,  Jo,  794. 

Hardaway,  Oscar,  809 

Hardee,  Lieut. -Gen.,  187,  192,  205, 
222,  224,  233,  243,  248,  256,  259, 
261,  263,  265,  267,  269,  282,  887, 

897,  929,  936,  952- 
Hardester,  W.  O.,  611. 
Hardesty,    Henry,  641. 
Hardesty,  Benjamin,  1017. 
Hardesty,  James  C.,  1017. 
Hardie,  W.  J.,  1045. 
Hardin,  Gen.,  80,  81,  82,  86,  89,  124, 

169. 

Hardin,  John.  833. 
Hardin,  W.  H.,  748. 
Hardin,  Alfred,  1005. 
Hardin,  Valentine,  748. 
Hardin,  J.  R.,  700. 
Hardin,  Miss  Lizzie,  316. 
Hardin,  Silas  D.,  648,  1026. 
Harding,  W.  L.,  808. 
Harding,    Edward    B.,    90,     161,    615, 

1050. 

Harding,  James  B.,  682. 
Hardison,  W.  T.,  812. 
Hardman,  Henry,  696. 
Hardy,  Frank,  792. 
Hardy,  William  H.,  1026. 
Hardy,  Alfred,  1022. 
Hardwick,  Joseph,    1021. 
Hargan,  James,  791. 
Hargrove,  Henry,  1045. 
Harlan,  John  M.,  60. 
Harlan,  James,  60. 
Harley,  James  H.,  ion. 
Harley,  James.  998. 
Harlow,  William  F.,  626. 
Harman,  B.  F.,  ion. 
Harman,  R.,  1046. 
Harmon,  James  M.,  852. 
Harned,  Henry  S.,  272,  794.  1054. 
Harned,  Ach  L.,  794,  1053. 
Harned,  Frank,  133,  141,  272,  791. 
Harned,  William,  792. 
Harned,  John,  794. 
Harned,  William  Lee,  85,  791. 
Harness,  John,  663. 
Harp,  James  A.,  1031. 
Harp,  J.  M.,  1036. 
Harper,  George,  812. 
Harper,  Frank,  648. 
Harper,  R.,  866. 
Harrington,  Owen,  577. 
Harris,  Gabriel  C.,  558. 
Harris,  Lem  R.,  604. 
Harris,  John  P.,  627. 
Harris,  William,  559. 
Harris,  H.  H.,  101,  144,  825. 
Harris,  William  P.,  827. 
Harris,  H.  H.',  827. 
Harris,  Andrew,  757. 


1'KKSOXAL  INDEX. 


1077 


Harris,  John,  IOOI,  IO22. 

Harris,  Cicero,  898,  917,  1001,  1022. 

Harris,  Lewis,  834. 

Harrison,  David,  918,  998,  1017. 

Harrison,  A.  J.,  852. 

Harrison,  Thomas,  899,  912. 

Harrison,  George,  788. 

Harrison,  W.  G.,  805. 

Harrod,  John,  1036. 

Harson,  William  B.,  605. 

Hart,  Mrs.,  165. 

Hart,  Richard,  820. 

Haskall,  Charles  A..  572,  1050. 

Haskins,  Robert  A.,  634. 

Hastings,  Peter,  795- 

Hatcher,  I,.  T.,  663. 

Hatcher,  Thomas  II.,  763. 

Hatcher,  William  A.,  763. 

Hathaway,  Albert  M.,  686. 

Hathaway,  John  A.,  696. 

Hatton,  Hiram,  703. 

Havens,  William  F.,  707. 

Hawes,  W.  F.,  996. 

Hawes.,  Samuel  B.,  593. 

Hawes,  J.  F. ,  199,  867. 

Hawes,  Cary  N.,  150. 

Hawes,  J.  M.,  108,  no,  114,  548. 

Hawes,  A.  G.,  1017. 

Hawkins,  G.,  1036. 

Hawkins,  Robert  S.,  1036. 

Hawkins,  Hiram,  220,  222,   228,  255, 

282,  370,  692. 
Hawkins,  E.  B  ,  833. 
Hawkins,  T.  T.,  48,  93,  109,   no,  150. 
Hawkins,  Waller  W.,  656,  1051. 
Hawkins,  William  K.,  656. 
Hawkins,  Elisha,  734. 
Hawkins,  JohnTilford,  724,  1052. 
Hawkins,  Thomas,  738. 
Hawkins,  William  Wallace,    692,   707. 
Hawley,  Van,  864. 
Hay,  D.  C.,  827. 
Hayden,  William  H.,  761. 
Hayden,  James  M..  721. 
Hay-den,  Nehemiah,  842. 
Hayden,  Otho,  842. 
Hayden,  A.  J.,  843. 
Hayden,  W.  *S.,  724. 
Hayden,  William  D.,  721. 
Hay  den,  H.  B.,  689. 
Hayden,  James,  689. 
Haydon,  James,  1024. 
Hayman,  Henry,  793. 
Haynes,  Samuel,  959. 
Haynes,  II.  N.,  844. 
Haynes,  John,   1026. 
Hayes,  J.  W.,  550. 
Hays   Samuel  K.,  548,  604. 
Hays   William  J.,  549,  552. 
Hays   James  Clay,  791. 
Hays   Gabriel,  713. 
Hays    Robert,  843. 
Hays   J.  W.,  550,  552. 


Hays,  Thomas  H.,  43,  no,  204,  742. 

Hays,  Jack,  567. 

Hays,  Richard,  567. 

Hays,  A.  B.,  552. 

Hays,  Dempsey,  1045. 

Hays,  Hercules,  794. 

Hays,  Daniel,  272,  703. 

Hays,  John  A.,  272,  703. 

Hazelwood,  William  H.,  770. 

Head,    A.    M.,    926,    951,    955.    1000, 

1020,  1055. 
Head,  T.D.,  717. 
Head,  R.   R.,  567. 
Head,  Mike,  842. 
Head,  James  B.,  ion. 
Head  John,  820. 
Head,  John  D.,  1009. 
Head,  Daniel,  ion. 
Heady,  Mike,  1036. 
Heady,  Walter,  1036. 
Heady,  R.  B.,  1030. 
Headley,  John  W.,  1009,  1055. 
Hearne,  John  W.,  588. 
Hearne,  David  S.,  588. 
Hearne,  James  R.,  716. 
Heath,  W.  L.,  635. 
Heaton,  William,  635. 
Ileaton,  W.  L.,  635. 
Pledger,  S.,  833. 
Hedger,  William,  833. 
Hedger,  Robert,  739. 
Hedger,  James,  833. 
Hedger,  Thomas,  833. 
Hedger,  N.  F.,  833. 
Hedges,  William.   639. 
Hedges,  Henry,  805. 
Hedges,  Robert,    1005. 
Helder,  George,  618. 
Helm,  Rufus,  770. 
Helm,  Charles  W.,  151,  228,  548. 
Helm,  Joseph,  805. 
Helm,  James  H.,  552. 
Helm,  Tom  C.,  770,  773,  1054. 
Helm,  Ben  Hardin,   46,  80,    108,    no, 

116,    124,    129,    134,    147,  204,   205, 

210,    216,  218,    220,   224,    228,   873, 

875,  880,  882,  938,  995. 
Helm,     Mrs.    Ben    Hardin,    317,    318, 

893. 

Henderson,  John  H.,  852. 
Henderson,  G.  W.,  1046. 
Henderson,  A.  Jeff,  777. 
Hendersen,  J.  D.,  577. 
Hendricks,  Elijah  N.,  558. 
Hendricks,  Cornelius  M.,  64,  558. 
Hendricks,  Harry,  827. 
Hendricks,  S.  H.,  596. 
Hendricks,  G.  W..  696. 
Hendrickson,  L.  V.,  770. 
Hendrix,  Stephen  H.,  559. 
Henissee,  Jerry,  641. 
Hennessy,  John,  634. 
Hennessey,  Jerry,  689. 


1078 


PERSONAL  INDEX. 


Hennessey,  John,  207,  861,  866. 

Hennessey,  Mike,  861,  866. 

Henning,  Albert,  1017. 

Henry,  O.,  820. 

Henry,  Thomas,  1042. 

Henry,  John  W.,  144,  833. 

Henry,  Hugh,  673,  1052;   quoted,  272. 

Henry,  William,  734. 

Henry,  William,  860,  1055. 

Henry,  W.  F.,  811. 

Henry,  Edwin  V.,  707. 

Henry,  Patrick,  7°7- 

Henry,  Thomas  J.,  704,  1052. 

Henry,  Lewis,  711. 

Henry,  Walter  S.,  707. 

Hensley,  J.  T.,  717. 

Hensley,  Willis,  583. 

Hensley,  Fulton,  676. 

Henton,  John,  756,  805. 

Henton,  William,  756.  805. 

Herald,  Riley,  670. 

Herald,  Benjamin,  866. 

Herbst,  Charlie,  325,  604,  1050. 

Herd,  Elijah,  701. 

Herd,  Romanus,  642. 

Herman,  Temp  M.,  866. 

Herndon,  Samuel  Z.,  918,  1024. 

Herndon,  Edward,  717. 

Herndon,    John    M.,    648,    874,    1024, 

1056. 

Herold,  Joseph,  711. 
Herr,  Wallace,   54,  205,  220,  874,  878, 

895,  1001,  1023. 
Herr,  Julius,  852. 
Herrick.,  George,  1036. 
Herrick,  J.  M.,  1030. 
Herring,  David,  811. 
Herrington,  W.  J.,  800. 
Herrington,  Tullius  C.,  797. 
Herrington,  Henry,  733. 
Herrington,  D.  C.,  800. 
Herron,  Elisha,  1017. 
Herron,  E.,  ion. 
Herron,  Rock,  852. 
Herron,  Albert,  757. 
Hester,  Robert  H.,  852. 
Hester,  G.  M.  D.,  8n. 
Hester,  B.  L.,  807. 
Hester,  Moses  H.,  811. 
Hester,  B.  L.,3OO. 
Hetrick,  A.,  866. 
Heustis,  Dr.,  192,  199,215. 
Hewes,  Henry  E.,  827. 
Hewitt,  Virgil,  792,  1053. 
Hewitt,  Daniel  M.,  763. 
Hewitt,  R.  E.,  594. 
Hewitt,    Fayette,    205,    217,    224,  228, 

251,  272. 
Hewitt,  James  W.,    43,    no,    158,161, 

193,  197,  213,  217,  225,  548. 
Heydeck,  A.  G.,  867. 
Hibbs,  William,  794. 
Hibler,  George  M.,  594. 


Hickey,  Thomas,  682. 

Hickman,  Ben,  739. 

Hickman.  E.  A.,  733. 

Hickman,  Edward,  663. 

Hicks,  Lewis  B.,  618. 

Hicks,  William  H.,  144,833. 

Hicks,  Robert  H.,  552. 

Hieronymus,  W.  II..  656. 

Higdon,  Thomas,  1017. 

Higdon,  Joshua,  627. 

Higdon,  J.,  770. 

Higdon,  James  B.,  756. 

Higdon,  Frank,  756. 

Higdon,  J.  A.,  763. 

Higgins,  W.  M.,  559. 

Higgins,  Joel,  73,  164,  555. 

Higgins,  C.,  567. 

Higginson,  Cy  H.,  196,  638,  1051. 

Higginson,  Green  F.,  641. 

Higgs,  Thomas  A.,  632,  1052. 

Hildreth,  James,  864,  866. 

Hill,  G.   H.,  210,   211,  212,   214,  216, 

283. 

Hill,  Wm.,  65,  587. 
Hill,  George  W.,  833. 
Hill,  O.  P.,  827. 

Hill,  Wm.  S.  B.,  272,  794,  1053. 
Hill,  J.  S.,.820. 
Hill,  John  F.,  707. 
Hill,  Wm.  McE.,  635. 
Hill,  James  A.,  794. 
Hill,  Homer,  1017. 
Hindi,  G.  W.,  1030. 
Hindman,  Robert  J.,  763,  1053. 
Hindman,  James  A.,  760,   1053. 
Hind,  Thomas,  858. 
Hines,  Alexander  T.,  825,  1055. 

Hines, •,  552,    1011. 

Hinkle,  John  R.,  805,  1001,  1014, 

1022. 

Hinkle,  John  S.,  1000,  1015. 
Hinton,  George  W.,  596. 
Hite,  John  W.,  596. 
Kite,  Thomas  J.,  641. 
Hite,  Wm.  O.,  559,  596. 
Hite,  Thomas,  1005. 
Hite,  William,  641. 
Hixon,  Thomas,  682. 
Hobbs,  Helm,  748. 
Hobbs,  Samuel,  812. 
Hocker,  M.  Elston,  757,  805,   1001. 
Hockman,  G.  A.,  1039. 
Hodge,  George  B.,  40,  48,  83,  93,  103, 

109,  no,  88 1. 
Hodge,  II.  P.,  624. 
Hodge,  Richard,  734. 
Hodge,  S.,  670. 
Hodgkinson,  Wm.   B.,  552. 
Hoffhimier,  Sam,  1031. 
Hoffler,  J.  W.,  583,  1050. 
Hoffler,  T.,  1030. 
Hoffman,  W.  R.,  833. 
Hogan,  R.  M.,  812. 


1'KRSONAL  INDEX 


1079 


Hogan,  John  T.,  863. 

Hogg,  John  T.,  587. 

Hoglan,  Richard,   567. 

Hogland,  Joseph.   563. 

Hogwood,  John  T.,  596. 

Hoket,  \Vm.,  ion. 

Holland,  A.  S.,  589. 

Holland,  A.,  866. 

Holland,  G.  W.,  552. 

Holcomb,  W.  F.,842. 

Holliday,  Frank,  663. 

Holman,  James  B.,  194,  774. 

Holman,  Wm.  T.,  1017. 

Holman.  Thomas,  IOII. 

Holmes,  Lewis,  689. 

Holmes,  J.  C.,  576. 

Holmes,  George  N.,  995. 

Hooe,  John,  921. 

Hood,  Gen.,  24,    233.    247,   248,  261, 

269,  944,  952. 
Holt,  John  R.,  996. 
Holtensburgh,  L.,  144. 
Holtshouser,  D.  W.,  816. 
Holtshouser,  J.  C.,  819. 
Holsclasv,  John,  794. 
Hope,  Ambrose.  748. 
Hope,  John,  800. 
Hope,  A.  D..  805. 
Hope,  John  S..  109,  127,  151,  593. 
Hopewell,  F.  M.,  1030. 
Hopkins,  Moses  J..  677. 
Hopkins,  T.  H.,  576. 
Hopkins,  J.  B.,  800. 
Hopson,  Thomas  W.,  866. 
Hopton.  A.  W.,  851. 
Hord,  Edward,   1036. 
Hord,  Wm.,  1042. 
Horn,  L.  C.,  834. 
Hornbaker,  A.  O.,  611. 
Hornbeck,  S.  A.,  1030,  1055. 
Home,  Thomas  M.,  161,  549. 
Home,  Henry,  552. 
Hoskins,  John,  794. 
Hoskins,  Thomas  F.,  820. 
Hotchkiss,  Thomas  R.,  860. 
Houghland,  John,  748,  1036. 
Houghland,  Martin  E.,  558. 
Hounshell,  Andrew  J.,  713. 
HouseJ  Joshua,  677. 
House,  James  H.,  550,  552. 
Howard,  Terry,  689. 
Howard,  Cub,  842. 
Howard,  John  T.,  589. 
Howard,  T.  Y.,  1017,  1055. 
Howard.  Thomas  J.,  597. 
Howarth,  J.  H.,  596. 
Howe,  William,  656. 
Howe,  Charles,  656 
Howe,  Robert,  605. 
Howerton,  Matthew  J.,  707. 
Howell,  John  L.,  1004,  1040. 
Howell,  D.  P.,  144. 
Howell,  Chester,  834. 


Howell,  Harrison,  1042. 

Howell,  Walker,  1042. 

Hewlett,  J.  W.,  864. 

Howsley.  Henry  P.,  567. 

Hubbard,  G.  C.,  137,  138,  140,  142. 

Hubbs,  William,  795. 

Huckaby.  Joshua,  770. 

Hudgens,  John,  642. 

Hudson,  Thomas,  739. 

Hudson,  Paddy,  657. 

Hudson,  G.   Marsh,  777. 

Hudson,  John  G.,  53,  90,  108,  773. 

Huey,  James  K.,  881,  1009,    1055. 

Huft",  John,  794. 

Huffman,  H.  J.,  626. 

Huffman,  Mrs.  Lyter,  315. 

Huffman.  Reuben,  627. 

Huffman,  Philip,  1008. 

Hughard,  Alexander,  998. 

Hughes,  John  Ben,  748. 

Hughes,  W.  G.,  635. 

Hughes,  David  C.,   126,  134,  228,  685. 

Hughes,  Samuel  G.,  997,  1040. 

Hughes,  H.,  670. 

Hughes,  William  H.,  1042. 

Hughes,  James,  104^. 

Hughes,  Capt.,  126,  134. 

Hughes,  Ed.,  635. 

Hughes,  Z.,  667. 

Hughes,  T.,  1046. 

Hughes,  John  H.,  144,  852. 

Hughes,  F.  M.,  670. 

Hughes,  Logan,  627. 

Hughes,  II.,  1030. 

Hughes,  J.  F.,  1030. 

Hughey,  II.,  866. 

Hull,  A.  J.,  1026. 

Hull,  Andrew  J..  656. 

Hulcee,  Harrison,  657. 

Humble,  Uriah,  604. 

Humes,  George  W.,  788. 

Humphrey,  James,  627. 

Humphrey,  Rawls  E..  ion. 

Humphrey,  Ben,  ion. 

Humphreys,  Samuel,  711. 

Humphries,  Cassius,  733. 

Humphries,  Andrew,  721. 

Humphries,  H.  D.,  1039. 

Hunnicutt,  Jeff,  576. 

Hunt,  Wilson,  721. 

Hunt,  Thomas  H.,  45,  47,  54,  83,  89, 
90,  91,  104,  112,  114,  115,  116,  124, 
134,  154,  158,  159,  161,  165,  185, 

189,     192,     194,     198,     204,     222,     276, 
278,  806. 

Hunt,  J.  W.,  800. 
Hunt,  James,  852. 
Hunt,  J.  C.,  700. 
Hunter,  Isaac,  8l  I. 
Hunter,  William,  559. 
Hunter,  James,  820,  863. 
Hunter,  Henry,  700. 
Hunter,  R.  S.(  1015. 


1080 


PERSONAL  INDEX. 


Huntley,  Ira,  711. 

Kurd,  W.  S.,  721. 

Hurley,  Frank,  597. 

Hurley,  George,  866. 

Hurst,  Henry  C.,  748. 

Hurt,  G.  W.,  573. 

Huston,  James,  820. 

Huston,  Josiah,  820. 

Hutchen,  Virginius,  635,  1051  ;  quoted, 

239,  270,  291. 
Hutchenson,  O.  H.r  1022. 
Hutcherson,  Cy,  52,  880. 
Hutchings,  J.,  1046. 
Hutchins,  A.,  1046. 
Hutchins,  I.  H.,  1031. 
Hutchins,  J.  H.,  1045. 
Hutchins,  J.  P.,  1031. 
Hutchinson,  Z.  R.,  656. 
Hutton,  C.  G.,  866. 
Hyatt,  George  A.,  866. 
Hyatt,  W.  H.,  634. 
Hynes,   Andrew  R.,   83,  91,  105,  464, 

622. 

Ingram,  F.  P.,  671. 
Ingram,  James,  630. 
Ingram,  Columbus,  721. 
Ingram,  Samuel,  1031. 
Ingraham,  W.,  Parker,  834. 
Innis,  Robert  H.,  586. 
Innis,  James  P.,  559- 
Irby,  Jesse,  577. 
Ireland,  Thomas  A.,  1024,  1055. 
Ireland,  Thomas  D.,    874,    997,    1041, 

1056. 

Irvine,  Henry  C.,  660. 
Irwin,  Rush,  1015. 
Isaacs,  Richard  H.,  880,  999. 
Israel,  William,  717. 
Iverson,  Gen.,  282. 
Ivey,  Charles  C.,  594. 
Jabine,  Eugene,  567. 
Jack,  Thomas  M.,  158. 
Jackman  Joseph,  567. 
Jackman,  John  S.,  820,    1054;  quoted, 

1 20. 

Jackson,  W.  E.,  553. 
Jackson,  Joseph  L,.,  827. 
Jackson,  E.  M.,  577. 
Jackson,  B.  Frank,  618. 
Jackson,  Thomas  J.,  577. 
Jackson,  J.  K.  P.,  552. 
Jackson,  Frank  M.,  834. 
Jackson,  J.  J.,  860. 
Jackson,  T.  J.,  843. 
Jackson,  B.  F.,  770. 
Jackson,  J.  R.,  700. 

Jackson, ,  186,  199,  254. 

Jackson,  J.  S.,  144. 
Jackson,  Wm.  Riley,  748. 
Jacobs,  John  W.,  717. 
Jacobs,  Melvine,  726. 
Jameison,  George  W.,  612. 
Jameison,  George  M.,  717. 


James,  John  A.,  682. 
James,  Joseph,  642. 
James,  Bartley  A.,  863. 
Jamison,  M.,  101 1. 
Jamison,  Moses,  1042. 
January,  John,  852. 
Jarboe,  Joseph,  689. 
Jarrett,  W.  H.,  689. 
Jarvis,  O.  F.,  553. 
Jayne,  Henry,  713. 
Jayne,  William,  713,  1052. 
Jefferson,  S.  A.,  671. 
Jeffrey,  William,  605. 
Jenkins,  William,  834. 
Jenkins,  Daniel,  821. 
Jenkins,  L.  D.,  827,  867. 
Jenkins,  Miles  C.,  689. 
Jenkins,  R.  J.,  642. 
Jenkins,  W.  R.,  649. 
Jenkins,  William,   583. 
Jenkins,  L.  P.,  757. 
Jenkins,  Thomas,  649. 
Jennett,  J.  D.,  800. 
Jennings,  David,  707. 
Jennings,  William,   721. 
Jernigan,  Ben  G.,  827. 
Jernigan,  John  F.,  827. 
Jernigan,  Joseph  R.,   1042. 
Jesup,  W.,  1007. 
Jett,  Dodridge,  657. 
Jett,  William,  6u. 
Jett,  John,  611. 
Jett,  Wm.  L.,  24,  657,  1051. 
Jetton,  Wes,  143. 
Jew,  A.  J.,  1031. 
Jewell,  Mark  H.,  274,  777. 
Jewell,  Bud,  748. 
Jewett,  Parker,  589. 
••Jimmie,"  Irishman,  ion. 
Joice,  Thomas,  635. 
Jollee,  William  B.,  549,  550. 
Johnson  Richard  M.,  778,  784. 
Johnson,  James  K.,  657. 
Johnson,  G.,  671. 
Johnson,  W.  C.,  583. 
Johnson,  Manlius,  559. 
Johnson,  Robert,  612. 
Johnson,  Robert  A.,  1548. 
Johnson,  John  D.,  682. 
Johnson,  Thomas,  1007. 
Johnson,  George  W.,  657- 
Johnson,  C.  H.,  663. 
Johnson,  J.  B.,  618. 
Johnson,  John  H.,  1006. 
Johnson,  Cave,  ion. 
Johnson,  Dan  W.,  1011. 
Johnson,  Jesse,  663. 
Johnson,  Ben  F.,  997,  1042. 
Johnson,  W.  S.,  867. 
Johnson,  William  Saxie,  861^ 
Johnson,  A.,  867. 
Johnson,  James  A.,  867. 
Johnson,  James  Davis,  7°7- 


PERSONAL  INDEX. 


1081 


Johnson,  George  F.,  783. 

Johnson,  J.  H.,  1046. 

[ohnson,  William  M.,  1034. 

Johnson,  S.  H.,  553. 

Johnson,  Tom,  40. 

Johnson,    E.    Polk,    874,    918,    1020 ; 

quoted,  873,  894. 
Johnson,  Jilson  P.,  48. 
Johnson,  C.  H.,663- 
[ohnson,  George  W.,  40,  84,  89,   92, 

103,  516. 

I  ohnson,  Jesse,  663,  720. 
Johnson,  H.  C.,  852. 
fohnson,   Robert   A.,  45,    90,  91,  857, 

858. 

[ohnson,  James  W.,  805,   1033. 
Johnson,  Charles  M.,  777,  783. 
[ohnson,  A.,  739. 
[ohnson,  W.  T.,  788. 
[ohnson,  Uriah,  812. 
[ohnson,  Woodson,  707. 
[ohnson,  Luther  M.,  707. 
Johnson,  James,  54,  853. 
[ohnson,  Eugene  L.,  631. 
Johnson,  T.  B.,  553. 
[ohnston,  George  T.,  627. 
Johnston,  W.  H.  H.,  631. 
Johnston,  Albert    Sidney,   62,  96,    98, 

294,  880,  883,  924,  934. 
/ohnston,  George  D.,  661. 
[ohnston,  J.  Stoddard,  185,  186,  192, 

5>6. 

fohnston,  Jesse,  717. 
'ohnston,  Joseph  E.,  23,42,  51,  55,  76, 

So,  81,  94,   207,  223,  233,  236,  238, 

246,   250,   254,    256,    259,   285,   294, 

952,  956. 
Jones,  J.  B.,  618. 
iones,  W.  A.,  649. 
iones,  Frank,  627. 
Jones,  Sylvester,  642. 
Jones,  Henry  L.,  577. 
'ones,  Jack,  906,   914,   917,999,  1020. 
iones,  Robert  M.,  605. 
Iones,  Sam,  148,  887. 
Jones,  Samuel,  648. 
Jones,  T.  B.,  1017. 
lones,  Robert,  682. 
Jones,  William,   583. 
'ones,  Paschal,  648. 
Jones,  W.  £.,648. 
iones,  J.  F.,  1017. 
Jones,  R.  W.,  828. 
iones,  Charles,  133. 
Iones,  Charles  M.,  725. 
"iones,  E.  S.,  770,  773. 
Jones,  Charles  W.,  788. 
Jones,  Allan,  739. 
iones,  Thomas  A.,  801. 
Jones,  P.  H.,  612. 
Jones,  Levi  W.,  867. 
Jones,  C.  K.,  827. 
Jones,  William  Decoursey,  874,  1033. 


Jones,  P.  H.,  788. 

Jones,  John  G.,  805,  ion. 

Jones,  C.  11.,  1030. 

Jones,  John  II.,  726. 

Jones,  Silas,  717. 

Jones,  Thomas  F.,  725. 

Jones,  David,  770. 

Jones,  J.  Ed,  827. 

fones,  William  Jasper,  707. 

Jones,  Thomas  C.,  931,  960,  996,  1015. 

Jones,  G.  H.,  1017. 

Jones,  J.  D.,  1039. 

Jones,  William,  1017. 

Jones,  Andrew,  1045. 

Jones,  Henry,  1023. 

Jones,  Welch,  looi. 

[ones,  John  B.,  1009. 

Jones,  James  C.,  ion. 

Jones,  J.,  1030. 

Jones,  Matt,   1042. 

Jones,  A.,    1046. 

Jones,  J.  S.,  1046. 

Jordan,  Lance,  677. 

Jordan,  James  F.,  271,  677. 

Jordan,  Jerry  S.,  777. 

Jordan,  C.  R.,  853. 

Jouett,  Parker,  589. 

Joyes,  Erskine,  163,  164,  615. 

Joyes,  John,  858,  859. 

Jump,  William,  717. 

Jump,  John,  717. 

lupin,  Hatch,  54,  820. 

Kackley,  John  W.,  749,  1031. 

Kaufman,  A.  L.,  568. 

Kavanaugh,  H.  H.,  Jr.,  536. 

Kavanaugh,  R.  H.,  285,  694. 

Kay,  Peter,  853. 

Kearney,  Pat,  642. 

Keating,  Washington,  867. 

Keene,  Edward  L.,  73,  555. 

Keene,  John,  559. 

Keene,  E.  L.,  553. 

Keiser,  Marshall  J.,  559. 

Keith,  Frank,  144.  843. 

Keith,  Albert,  843. 

Kellen,  J.  Frank,  590. 

Keller,  Hugh  M.,  86,  830. 

Kelley,  W.  P.,  749,  805. 

Kelley,  Jack,  853. 

Kelley,  W.  H.,  748. 

Kelley,  T.  W.,  559. 

Kelley,  G.  W.,  757. 

Kelley,  John,  612. 

Kelley,  Thomas,  775. 

Kelly, Thomas,  663. 

Kelly,  Edward,  642. 

Kelly,  Andrew,  663. 

Kelly,  S.  D.,  1017. 

Kelly,  John,  612. 

Kemper,  Ben  F.,  1026. 

Kendall,  Adrian  T.,  683. 

Kendall,  John,  721. 

Kendall.  B.  T.,  1039. 


1082 


PERSONAL  INDEX. 


Kendrick,  Joseph  L.,  788. 

Kendrick,  J.  W.,  ion. 

Kennard,  Oscar,    144,    193,    830,    1054. 

Kennady,  Luke,  795,  1054. 

Kennedy,  Thomas,  642. 

Kennedy,  Tarrence  F.,  683. 

Kennedy,  William,  861. 

Kennedy,  A.  J.,   627.    . 

Kennedy,  E.  P.,  696. 

Kennedy,  Robert,  642. 

Kennedy,  Van  Buren,  627. 

Kennerly,  George,  812. 

Kenney,  E.  J.,  559. 

Kenney,  Benjamin,  721. 

Kenney,  Charles  V.,  559. 

Kennon,  Christopher  C,,  834. 

Kent,  James  S.,  861. 

Kent,  Robert.  689. 

Kernes,  Ed,  834. 

Kersey,  Thomas,  635. 

Key,  JohnM.,  757. 

Kidd,  Aaron,  707. 

Kidd,  W.  B.,  763. 

Kidwell,  O.  A.,  711. 

Kiger,  John,  843. 

Kiger,  C.  C.,  843. 

Kiger,  John,  577. 

Kiger,  W.  W.,  763. 

Killebrew,  William,  1015. 

Kimberlain,  W.  I.,  1031. 

Kimberlain,  J.,  1046. 

Kimberly,  David,  853. 

Kimbler,  J.  S.  M.,  700. 

Kincaid,  James,  690. 

Kincaid,  Alfred,  1026. 

Kincheloe,  A.  H.,  828. 

Kinchloe,  Elijah,  770,  773. 

Kinchloe,  John,  627. 

Kinchloe,  William,  627. 

Kindall,  John  R.,   605. 

King,  George,  812. 

King,  Abraham,  734. 

King,  George  A.,  53,  90,  837. 

King,  William,  812. 

King,  J.  B.,   1033. 

King,  J.  A.,  867. 

King,  R.,  867. 

King,  C.  B.,  723. 

King,  N.  B.,  726. 

King,  Silas,  734. 

King,  John  W.,  553. 

King,  Alec  G.,  767,  1053. 

Kinkton,  J.  K.,  612. 

Kinman,  William,  853.     • 

Kinnison,  John,  792. 

Kinslow,  Aaron,  771. 

Kirberg,  Joseph,  843. 

Kirby,  H.,  515. 

Kirby,  Thomas,  867. 

Kirk,  T.  P.,  1017. 

Kirlin,  J.  W.,  864. 

Kirkman.  E.  T.,  812,  1055. 

Kirkpatrick,  J.  A..  597. 


Kirtley,  A.  J.,  828. 

Kirtley,  Elisha  B.,  828. 

Kirtley,  Paschal  J.,  763,  1054. 

Kirtley,  E.  B.,  ion. 

Kirty,  G.  W.,  1046. 

Klem,  Charles  J.,  612,  1050. 

Kliesendorff,  Charles,  563. 

Kline,  Frederick,  1005. 

Kline,  L.,  714. 

Klingsmith,  H.  W.,  1039. 

Knapp,  Philip  Coombs,  29,  quoted. 

Knight,  Robert,  1008. 

Knight,  David,  1031. 

Knight,  William  T.,  788. 

Knott,  William  W.,  744. 

Knox,  William  E.,  674. 

Knox,  William,  861. 

Knox,  John,  861. 

Konshattountzchette, ,  225,  853. 

Kraft,  Henry,  682. 
Kratz,  Dr.,  215. 
Krieger,  Jacob,   734. 
Krum,  Ernest,  559. 
Kurtz,  G.  W.,    1031. 
Kuykendall,  W.  H.,  ion. 
Kuykendall,  Frank,  ion. 
Kyle,  William  C.,  801. 
Lacey,  Richard,  1031. 
Lackey,  John,  1031. 
Lackey,  A.  O.,  1008. 
Lackey,  B.  D.,  1008. 
Lacklin.  Thomas  M.,  1017. 
Lair,  John  T.,  726. 
Lair,  A.  K.,  601,  1051. 
Lair,  Emanuel,  583. 
Lake,  Nathaniel,  867. 
Lamar,  John  S.,  997,  1040. 
Lamaster,  John  J.,  714. 
Lamb,  Richard  T.,  853. 
Lambdin,  Edward,  690. 
Lambert,  John,  642. 
Lambert,  Thomas,  642. 
Lamkin,  J.  B.,  726. 
Lancaster,  Levi,  764. 
Lancaster,  J.  T.,  671. 
Lander,  W.  C.,  828. 
Lander,  J.  H.,  1008. 
Landrum,  R.  P.,  623. 
Lane,  F.  W.,  568. 
Lane,  D.  P.,  612. 
Lane,  N.  G.,  1008. 
Laner,  James  F.,  553. 
Langdon,  P.  A.,  584. 
Langhorne,  Maurice,  860. 
Lanham,  James,  635. 
Lapaille,  John  P.,  853. 
Larkin,  George  W.,  577. 
Lary,  William,  559. 
Lary,  Michael,  683. 
Lashbrook,  William  M.,  1015. 
Lashbrook,  William  H.,  680. 
Lashbrook,  S.  D.,  932,  1015. 
Lashbrooke,  William,    690. 


PERSONAL  INDEX. 


1083 


Lasley,  A.,  1040. 

Lassiter,  Green  H.,  854. 

Lassiter,  Moody  (Moses),  144,  853. 

Latham,  William,  635. 

Latimer,  \V.  D.,  663. 

Lauderback,  Ed  S.,  854. 

I.aughlin,  Reuben  J.,  1009,  1055. 

Lawler,  George  W.,  653. 

Lawrence,  John,  627. 

Lawrence,  J.  W.,  843. 

Lawrence,  L.,  1046. 

Lawrence,  William  H.,  812. 

Lawrence,  Elias  D.,  858. 

Laws,  R.  W.,  618. 

Laws,  Frank  S.,  618. 

Laws,  J.  T.,  619. 

Lawson,  Eli  H.,-843- 

Lawson,  George,  1043. 

Lawson,  Alexander,  784,  801,  1053. 

Lawson,  J.  W.,  843. 

Layman,  Henry,  771. 

Lea,  Thomas,  700,  734. 

Leach,  J.,  144. 

Lear,  W.  H.,  597. 

Lear,  J.  T.,  867. 

Lear,  R.  F.,  867. 

Leathers,  N.  L.,  749. 

Leatherwood,  Alec,  649. 

Leavell,  II.  C.,  1006,  1015. 

Leavy,  S.  T. ,  944. 

Lecompte,  John,  649. 

Lecompte,  Jo,  645. 

Lee.  Charles  H.,  999. 

Lee,  Capt.,  220. 

Lee,  Steve,  264,  266. 

Lee,  Joe  M.,  854. 

Lee,  Robert  E.,  26,  96,  956. 

Lee,  John  A.,  568. 

Lee,  David  L.,  795. 

Lee,  John  Henry,  568 

Lee,  Phil,  284,  399. 

Lee,  Ben  F.,  674. 

Lee,  James  M.,  223,  231,  792,  1053. 

Lee,  Thomas  T.,  795. 

Leffler,  C.  H.,  867. 

Leffler,  W.  H.,  867. 

Leffler,  Charles,  863. 

Leggett,  Jerry,  597. 

Lemaster,  Winston,  708. 

Lemaster,  Meredith,  708. 

Lemon,  John  F.  M.,  605. 

.eonard,  John,  864. 

.eonard,  Hugh,  1014. 

>eovey,  Mrs.,  316. 

>ester,  H.  P.,  1031. 

.ester,  Henry  F.,  549. 

-etner,  N.  R.,  828. 

.evering,  C.  W.,  568. 

.ewis,  Joseph  H.,  22,  45,  54,  82,   89, 

91,   105,    193,    197,  200,   210,   212,  215, 
217,    220,    228,    237,     245,     250,     255, 

357,  264,  268,  281,    283,    285.    742. 

873, 880. 


Lewis,  O.  A.,  1040. 
Lewis,  Matt,  853. 
Lewis,  Jack,  778,  1054. 
Lewis,  William  W.,   708. 
Lewis,  Gabe,  808. 
Lewis,  S.  II.,  763. 
Lewis,  J.  Beverly,  763. 
Lewis,  David  J.,  559. 
Lewis,  Asa,  774. 
Lewis,  E.  B.,  998,  1043. 
Lewis,  Lieut.,  194. 
Lewis,  Fred,  635. 
Lewis,  S.  M.,  1014,  1017,  1055. 
Lewis,  John  A.,  944. 
Lewis,  Robert,  958. 
Light,  Thomas,  863. 
Lightfoot,  G.  N.,  696 
Ligon.  R.  L,   577. 
Lillard,  J.  B.,  837. 
Lillard,  C.  C.,  609,  1051. 
Lilley,  Thomas,  54,  821. 
Lincoln,  Abraham,  41,  875. 
Lindsay,  William,  843. 
Lindsay,  John  C.,  843. 
Lindsay,  Thomas,  843. 
Lindsay,  Robert  H.,  196,  649. 
Lindsay,  Samuel  D.,  559. 
Lindsay,  James  William,  590. 
Lindsay,  Thomas  N.,  60. 
Lindsay,  Preston,  997,  1041. 
Lindsay,  John  F.,  ion. 
Linn,  Aaron,  1026. 
Linn,  Al,  828. 
Little,  William  J.,  854. 
Little,  Matt,  854. 
Little,  Thomas  J.,  701. 
Little,  John  C.,  704. 
Lively,  J.  B.,  764. 
Lively,  Thomas,   144,  854. 
Livsey,  Elias,  642. 
Livers,  Ed,  568. 
Livers,  William,  821. 
Livingston,  N.  P.,  696. 
Lloyd,  Alec  H.,  757. 
Lloyd,  James  F.,  757. 
Lloyd,  Joseph  A.,  757. 
Locke,  Richard.  624. 
Lockett,  Jesse,  843. 
Lockett,  W.,  844. 
Lockhert,  J.  B.  L.,  821. 
Lockwood,  Capt.,  857. 
Loeb,  Abraham,  753. 
Loftland,  Charlie,  812. 
Logan,  B.,  144. 
Logan,  Dud  C.,  944. 
Logan,  Joseph,  677. 
Logan,  John  A.,  67. 
Logsden,  Barney,  918,  1028. 
Lonaker,  Eli,  788. 
Long,  Tobe,  553. 
Long,  Joseph,  717. 
Long,  Thomas,  718. 
Long,  Phelix,  739. 


1084 


PERSONAL  INDEX. 


Long,  Robert  G.,  763. 
Long,  Richard,  1002. 
Long,  Lemuel,  1023. 
Long,  H.  G.,  1008. 
Long,  William  H.,  893. 
Long,  Richard,  1031. 

Long,  William,  1026. 

Long,  W.  M.,  1031. 

Long,  A.,  739. 

Longmore,  Woodford  W.,  605,  1050. 

Longmore,  William  H.,  605. 

Lonsdale,  F.,  109. 

Love,  C.  W.,  1007. 

Lovell,  A.,  854. 

Lovell,  John,  677. 

Low,  John,  1023. 

Lowber,  Harvey,  749. 

Lowe,  John  W.,  690. 

Lowry,  James  S.,  559. 

Lowry,  James,  738. 

Lpyal,  Peter,  998,  1043. 

Lucas,  W.  P.," 7 1 7,  723. 

Lucas,  Squire  L.,  1026. 

Lucas,  Sidney  W.,  1043. 

Lucas,  James,  867. 

Lucas,  William  H.,  649. 

Lucas,  N.  F.,  568. 

Lucas,  Charles,  1005. 

Lucas,  W.  H..  1031. 

Lucas,  William,  583. 

Lucas,  Stephen,  649. 

Lucas,  John  O.,  649. 

Lucas,  Moses,  649. 

Luckett,  Jack,  1002. 

Lusby,  David  E.,  861. 

Luton,  W7illiam  H.,  645. 

Luttrell,  James,  867. 

Lykins,  Joseph  C.,  708,  1052. 

Lykins,  Dudley  C.,  708. 

Lykins,  Isaac,  714,  1052. 

Lyle,  Robert,  812. 

Lyle,  Al,  568. 

Lyle,  Thomas,  812. 
Lyle,  William,  812. 
Lynn,  Thomas,  726. 
Lynn,  James,  635. 
Lyon,  William,  812. 
Lyon,  N.  J.,  867. 
Lyon,  N.,  671. 
Lyon,  William,  789,  805. 
Lyon,  Jerry,  717. 
Lyon,  James.  717. 
Lyon,  H.  B.,  862. 
Lyon,  W.  J.,  764. 
Machen,  H.  L.,  863. 
Machen,  E.  C.,  867. 
Madeira,  Aston,  213,  600. 
Maddox,  Thomas,  166,  584. 
Maddox,  John,  628. 
Maddox,  Cabell,  569. 
Magee,  William  T.,  835. 
Magoffin,  Beriah,  31. 
Mahan,  Pat,  1018. . 


Mahan,  John  J.,  828. 

Mahon,  John,  597. 

Mahoney,  B.,657. 

Mahoney,  Daniel,  636. 

Mains,  Samuel,  735. 

Mains,  Levi,  735. 

Mains,  George,  735. 

Mains,  Oliver  L.,  697. 

Major,  P.  H.,  1008. 

Major,  Robert  W.,  666. 

Major,  J.  H.,  1008. 

Majors,  John,  718. 

Malayer,  J.  D.,  577. 

Mallen,  Charles,  590. 

Malons, •William,  568. 

Mallory,  Hiram,  854. 

Mallory,  J.  R.,  1008. 

Manley,  J.  P.,  711. 

Manly,  L.  P.,  711. 

Mann,  Madison,  597. 

Mann,  Charles,  297,  693. 

Manning,  William  II.,  708. 

Mansfield.  Samuel,  628. 

Mansfield^  L.  F.,  764. 

Mansfield,  M.»A.,  619. 

Marquess,  George  W..  606. 

Marquess,  J.  C.,  1008. 

Marr,  Ben,  778. 

Marr,  Alfred,  628. 

Marramon,  Arch,  568. 

Marrs,  John.  612. 

Marrs,  Marcus,  813. 

Marrs,  Arch,  612. 

Marshall,  Humphrey,  40    45,  229 

Marshall,  II.,  867. 

Marshall,  A.  H.,  764. 

Marshall,  John  L.,  103,  680,  1052. 

Marshall,  William  L.,  568. 

Marshall,' William,  619 

Marshall,  E.  P.,  862. 

Marshall,  B.  T.,  297. 

Marshall,  Henry,  663. 

Marshall,  Alexander,  697. 

Marshall,  Pendleton,  697. 

Marshall,  J.  J.,  697. 

Marshall,  II.  S.,  697. 

Marshall,  E.  P.,  750. 

Marshall,  B.  T.,  622. 

Marshall,  Samuel,  664. 

Marshall,  Henry,  739. 

Marshall,  R.  B.,  663. 

Marshall,  Samuel,  53. 

Marshall,  A.  H.,  862. 

Martin,  W.  D.,  553. 

Martin,  O.,  789. 

Martin,  John,  W.,  834. 

Martin,  George  W.,  1045. 

Martin,  Reed  M.,  834. 

Martin,  S.  S.,  761. 

Martin,  George  W.,  697. 

Martin,  John  N.,  721. 

Martin,  Sam,  771. 

Martin,  William  S.,  764. 


PERSONAL  INDEX. 


1085 


Martin,  Willie,  778. 

Martin,  Bailey  G.,  553. 

Martin,  William,  867. 

Martin,  George,  77'- 

Martin,  Ed,  636. 

Martin,  Rev.  Mr.,  642,  683. 

Martin,  John,  ion. 

Martin.  Isaac  H.,  74,  764. 

Martin,  William,  774. 

Martin,  Nathaniel,  778. 

Masden,  Hardin,  795. 

Masden,  James,  795. 

Massey,  James  W.,  683. 

Massie,  John  B.,  1006. 

Massin,  John  H.,  1008. 

Mastin,  Charles  J.,    48,   92,  109,    192, 

196,  215,  221,  254. 
Mason,  John  N.,  605. 
Mason,  J.  W.,  577. 
Mason,  S.  F.,  1032. 
Mason,  Thomas,  813. 
Mason,  L.  W.  C.,  813. 
Mason,  Thomas  F.,  577. 
Mason,  James  N.,  605. 
Matchen,  Willis  B.,  40. 
Matlock,  James  M.,  812. 
Mathews,  R.  M.,  628. 
Mathews,  M.  S.,  771,  784. 
Mathews,  W.  T.,  757. 
Matthews,  W.  P.,  553. 
Matthews,  Robert  B.,  863. 
Matthews,  W.  M.,  560. 
Matthews,  John  B.,  862. 
Matthews,  Haydon  N.,  590. 
Matthews,  J.  F.,  789. 
Matthews,  Thomas  J.,   789. 
Matthews,  Thomas}.,  773. 
Mattingly.  George  R.,  816. 
Mattingly,  John,  690. 
Maxson,  George  W.,  752,   1053. 
May,  A.  J.,  691. 
May,  Hezekiah,  721. 
May,  L.  F.,  1012. 
May,  Joseph,  834. 
May,  J.  D.,  690. 
May,  Wesley,  721. 
May,  William,  708. 
May,  William  T.,  708. 
May,  Charles,  1005. 
May,  Francis,  1043. 
May,  C.  H.,  1034. 
Mayberry,  Simon,  642. 
Mayberry,  Richard,  671. 
Mayfield,  James,  998. 
Mayfield,    Micajah,    880,    IOO2,    1014, 

1023. 

Mayfield,  Zack  T.,  771. 
Mays,  Richard,  998. 
Mays,  C.  H.,  1040. 
Mays,  Thomas,  998. 
Mays,  Thomas  H.,  1012. 
Mayze.  Joseph,  664. 
McAfee.  George,  750. 


McAllen,  James  R.,  813. 

McAllister,  John,  636. 

McAnally,  A.  G.,  612. 

McAtee,  IT.  Del,  1037. 

McAull,  W.  W.,  232. 

McBee,  Isham,  1045. 

McBride,  William,    1018. 

McCabe,  William,  553. 

McCabe,  Thomas,  677. 

McCandless,  C.  R.,  784. 

McCarden,  Mike,  844. 

McCardwell,  Thomas.  649. 

McCarney.  William,  590. 

McCarty,  S.  H.,  590. 

McCarty,  E.,  1012. 

McCarty,  Daniel,  590. 

McCarty,  William,  677. 

McCauley,   George  W.,  no,  204,  217, 

930,  95°.  996. 
McCauliff,  Thomas,  650. 
McCaw,  Thomas  D.,  590. 
McChesney,  Walter,  ion. 
McClarty,  Crawford,  690. 
McClarty,  Clint,  48,  109,  no. 
McClaskey,  J.  W.,  749. 
McClaskey.  Joseph  Henry,  743. 
McClaskey,  C.  B.,  742. 
McClaskey,  John  N.,  743. 
McClellan,  William,  643. 
McClellan,  William,  584. 
McClellan,  J.  F.,  1040. 
McClendon,  J-  !>-,  844. 
McClendon,  J.  N.,  844. 
McClung,  Lafayette  H.,  606. 
McClure,  Alexander,  734. 
McConnell,  James  H.,  550.  551,  553. 
McConnell,  M.,  578. 
McConnell,  James,  560. 
McCook,  Gen.,  169,  173,  174,  175. 
McCorkle,  Robert  G.,  821. 
McCormack,  George,  ion. 
McCormack,  William,  ion. 
McCormick.  A.,  568. 
McCormick,  William  T.,  734. 
McCoy,  Taylor,  241,251,  269,  628. 
McCreary,  John  B.,  801. 
McCrocklin,  W.,  1031. 
McCulley,  R.  J.,  ion. 
McCullom,  William,  795. 
McCullough,  Isaac,  771. 
McCullough,  Samuel  15.,  628. 
McCune,  David,  998,  1041. 
McCutchen,  B.  F.,  801. 
McCutchen,  James,  801. 
McCutcheon,  David  M.,  549,  550. 
McCutcheon,  David,  550. 
McDaniel,  George,  590. 
McDaniel,  Ignatius,  1018. 
McDaniel,  D.  H.,  584. 
McDaniel,  Walter,  957,  1018. 
McDermott,  P.,  867. 
McDonald,  O.,  754. 
McDonald,  James  A..  598. 


1086 


PERSONAL  INDEX. 


McDonald,  Tobe,  584. 

McDonald,  James,  584. 

McDonald,  William  E.,  690. 

McDonald,  J.,  1005. 

McDowell,  Henry,  553. 

McDowell,  Jasper,  867. 

McDowell,  James,  1029. 

McDowell,  Hervey,  67,  225,  226,  251, 

252,  586. 

McDowell,  Will,    1031. 
McEnnis,  M.  P.,  1044. 
McEnnis,  W.  T.,  1044. 
McFadden,  Edward,  683. 
McFall,  Alf,  584. 
McFarlane,  Charles,  657. 
McFarlane,  Levin,  657. 
McFarlane,  Thomas  H.,  734,801. 
McFatridge,  W.,  144,854. 
McGarvey,  John  W.,  801. 
McGarvey,  John  W.,  784. 
McGee,  John,  861. 
McGee,  J.  R.,  867. 
McGhee,  J.  W.,533- 
McGhee,  John  W.,  594. 
McGhee,  T.  H.,  553. 
McGill,  John,  47. 
McGill,  Alfred,  894. 
McGlasson,  H.  C.,   1040. 
McGrath,  Thomas,  619. 
McGrath,  David,  805. 
McGreevey,  William,  854. 
McGregory,  John,  718. 
McGuiness,  Daniel,  649. 
McGuinness,  Henry,  560. 
McGuire,  J.  M.,  597. 
McGuire,  James,  613,  1050. 
McGuire,  John,  612. 
McGuire,  James  C.,  708. 
McGuire,  Jesse  F.,  7°8. 
McGuire,  John  M.,  708. 
McGuire,  John  W.,  802. 
McGuire,  John,  643. 
McGuire,  James,  704. 
McGuire,  Joel  F.,  711. 
McGuire,  J.  Frank,  708. 
Mclntire,  George  W.,  598. 
Mclntire,  Joseph,  805. 
Mclntyre,  J.  M.,  568. 
Mclntyre,  W.,  1031. 
Mclver,  James,  677- 
McKay,  Enoch  C.,  690. 
McKay,  J.  C.,   1018. 
McKay,  W.  H.,  1015. 
McKay,  Henry  Clay,   228,   749. 
McKee,  Robert  W.,  40,  84,  92. 
McKenney,  Frank,  598. 
McKendree,  D.  E.,  90,  498,  766,773. 
McKendree,  J.  N.,  771. 
McKendree,  W.,  1031. 
McKinley,  J.  J.,  700. 
McKinley,  E.,  1037. 
McKenzie,  James  S.,  560,  1051. 
McKenzie,  John  H.,  619,  1050. 


McKieg,  D.  W.,  1017. 
McKinney,  John,  726. 
McKinney,  C.,  731. 
McKinney,  James,  711. 
McKinney,  Frank,  598,  735. 
McKinney,  Thomas,  835. 
McKinney,  Samuel,  664. 
McKnight,  John  M.,  590. 
McLaughlin,  John,  578. 
McLaughlin,  J.,  1028. 
McLean,  J.  C.,  578. 
McLean,  Thomas  A.,  808. 
McLean,  William,  597. 
McLean,  J.  R.,  657. 
McLean,  Richard  L.,6o5. 
McLoney.  Aaron,  835. 
McMahan,  John,  835. 
McMahon,  M.,  867. 
McMahon,  John  C.,  867. 
McMekin,  Alexander,  749. 
McMekin,  Payton  L.,  743. 
McMeekin,  Samuel  D.,  893. 
McMichael,  H.  C.,  612. 
McMillan,  J.  D..  1031. 
McMillen,  Van  B.,  584. 
McMillen,  James,  650. 
McMurray,  A.,  789. 
McMurray,  J.,  867. 
McNabb,  J.  W.,  1041. 
McNees,  James,  835. 
McQueen,  James  B.,  738. 
McQueen,  James,  740. 
McQuerry,  J.  C.,  1032,  1046. 
McQuerry,  W.  J.,  1032,  1046, 
McQuerry,  L,  1031. 
McQuown,  J.  D.,  563. 
McQuown,  Lewis,  624,  1053. 
McRea,  J.  W.,  1008. 
McRea,  W.  H.,  1008. 
McSwaney,  Dennis,  657. 
McVeigh,  James,  ion. 
McVey,  Hugh,  101,650. 
McWilliams,  Jesse,  795. 
Meadows,  Jonas,  628. 
Meardin.  Michael,  144. 
Medley,  J.  M.,  771. 
Medley,  J.  M.,  862. 
Mefford,  W.  H..  720. 
Melbourne,  Henry,  642. 
Melford,  John  L.,  694. 
Melton,  Alexander,  lOiS^. 
Menzies,  William  W.,  657. 
Menzies,  C.  H.,  738, 
Merchant,  Paul,  1012. 
Meredith,  William,  671. 
Mernaugh,  James.  597>  IO5°- 
Merrifield,  E.  D.,  750,  918,  1032. 
Merrigan,  William,  59°- 
Merrill,  Patrick,  590. 
Merrill,  Asa,  560. 
Merriwether,  Capt.,  881,  1009, 
Mershon,  Ed,  740. 
Mershon,  E.  P.,  584. 


PERSONAL  INDEX. 


1087 


Meshew,  C.  H.,  92. 

Metcalfe,  George  W.,  726. 

Metcalfe,  James,  619. 

Metcalfe,  James,  795. 

Metcalfe,  CoatesT.,  1005. 

Metcalfe,  James  H.,  726. 

Michael,  George,  734. 

Michael,  James,  734. 

Mickey,  Ben,  613. 

Middleton,  David,  750. 

Middleton,  Jesse  R.,  657. 

Midkiffe,  David,  828. 

Miles,  J.,  757. 

Miles,  James  E.,  926,  955,  1002,  1020, 

1023,  1043. 
Miller,  Mitchell,  845. 
Miller,  Joseph,  844. 
Miller,  C.  W.,  828. 
Miller,  L.  Martin,  867. 
Miller,  William  C.,  606. 
Miller,  John  H.,  683. 
Miller,  A.  J.,  711. 
Miller,  Samuel,  714. 
Miller,  John,  290,  613. 
Miller,  Samuel,  795. 
Miller,  John  W.,  683. 
Miller,  Len  S.,  821,   1054. 
Miller,  Phil  W.,  802. 
Milier,  Andrew  J.,  714. 
Miller,  John,  704. 
Miller,  James  F.,  1002. 
Miller,  William  H.,  753. 
Miller,  George  H.,  750. 
Miller,  John  E.,  1012. 
Miller,  W.  H.,  1018. 
Miller,  Adrian,  ion. 
Miller,  D.,  1037. 
Miller,  John  P.,  IOO2. 
Miller,  Minor  G.,  1002. 
Milligan,  J.,  1032. 

Millett,  Joseph  H.,  136,   140,  219,  685. 
Mills,  John  R.,  ion. 
Mills,  Ferdinand  C.,  944,  998,  1043. 
Mills,  Samuel,  1002, 
?»Iilton,  John  Y.,  242,  750. 
Milton,  S.  M.,  750. 
Minor,  William,  805. 
Mitchel.  O.  M.,  885,  887. 
Mitchell,  Riley,  867. 
Mitchell,  N.,  867. 
Mitchell,  Thomas  J.,  590. 
Mitchell,  James  S.,  828. 
Mitchell,  Dudley  C.,  606. 
Mitchell,  Lacey  R.,  683. 
Mitchell,  William,  825. 
Mitchell,  G.  W.,  671. 
Mitchell,  John  H.,  693. 
Mitchell,  R.,  721. 
Mitchell,  William,  825. 
Mitchell,  Charles,  828. 
Mitchell.  James,  ion. 
Mitchell,  John  W.,  ion. 
Mitchell,  William,  90. 


Mitchell,  William  L.,  1002. 

Mitchell,  William,  1043. 

Mitchell,  Berry,  774. 

Mix,  John  P.,  619. 

Moberly,  S.  H.,  918,  1015. 

Moberly,  J,  H.,  1015. 

Mobley,  Thomas  F..  1043. 

Mobley,  T.  B.,  636. 

Mobley,  George,    1005. 

Mock,  Edmond,  1037. 

Moffitt,  Benjamin,  636. 

Moffitt,  Frank  D.,  791. 

Monday,  Kim  A.,  564. 

Monohan,  Pat,  1018. 

Monroe,  Thomas  B.,  88,  100,  103,  622. 

Monroe,  Miss  Mary,  316. 

Monroe,  Ben,  84,  89,  103,  652. 

Monroe,  Miss  Kate  A.,  316. 

Monroe,  Judge,  40. 

Monroe,  George,  700. 

Monroe,  Frank  A.,  657. 

Monroe,  G.  James,  ion. 

Montague,  John,  560. 

Montague,  G.  T.,  697. 

Montfort,  J.  W.,  619. 

Montgall,  J.  R.,  1033. 

Montgomery,  J.  Byron,  874,  1037. 

Montgomery,  Andrew  J.,  860. 

Montgomery,  A.  G.,  560. 

Montgomery,  James,  619. 

Montgomery,  John  Fountain,  1012. 

Montgomery,  John,  867. 

Montgomery,  George,  714. 

Montgomery,  James  R.,  1037. 

Montgomery,  W.   G.,  1037. 

Montgomery,  A.  J.,  860. 

Montgomery,  John  William,  750. 

Moody,  Y.  M.,  370. 

Mooklar,  James  P.,  606. 

Moon,  C.  J.,  550. 

Moon,  L.  E.,  1012. 

Mooney,  William  B.,  854. 

Mooney,  W.  L.,  834. 

Moore,  BenG.,  867. 

Moore,  William,  844. 

Moore,  T.  J.,845- 

Moore,  John  B.,  89,  196,  203,  660. 

Moore,  J.  L.,  85. 

Moore,  Mark  O.,  664. 

Moore,  Robert,  645. 

Moore,  James,  657. 

Moore,  Jesse,  578. 

Moore,  M.  Byrd,  578. 

Moore,  James,  606. 

Moore,  James  D.,  740. 

Moore,  Charles  J.,  553. 

Moore,  George  R.,  553. 

Moore,  A.  D.,  590. 

Moore,  Robert,  196,  606. 

Moore,  William,  1008. 

Moore,  J.  W.,  40. 

Moore,  N.  L.,  740. 

Moore,  Ambrose,  718. 


1088 


PERSONAL  INDEX. 


Moore,  S.  S.,  613. 

Moore,  Paul  I.,  821. 

Moore,  A.  J.,  821. 

Moore,  Lewis,  740- 

Moore,  Wesley,  613. 

Moore,  N.  L.,  1037. 

Moore,  J.  R.,  1046. 

Moore,  C.  M.,  797. 

Moore,  William  B.,  660. 

Moore,  John  L.,  1012. 

Moore,  William,  718. 

Moore,  Richard,  1037. 

Mooring,  F.  S.,  700. 

Moorman,  Silas  M.,  no,  151,205,228, 

1018. 

Mordan,  David,  619. 
Moreman,  A.  J.,  757. 
Morehead,  R.  W.,  575. 
Morehead,  R.  M.,  1015. 
Morehead,  Jas.  T.,  158,  160,  163,  837. 
Morehead,  John,  619. 
Moreland,  S.  G.,  721. 
Morford,  John  J.,  683. 
Morgan,  William  H.,  749. 
Morgan,  Richard  C.,  150. 
Morgan,  Charlton,  84,  92,  157. 
Morgan,  Thomas  Hunt,  560 
Morgan,  Mineard,  1026. 
Morgan,  John  H.,  47,  60,  83,  92,  151, 

153.  154,  158,  165. 
Morgan,  John,  1026. 
Morgan,  W.  C.,  749. 
Morris,  Mrs.  Mary  B.,  316. 
Morris,  Michael,  619. 
Morris,  S.  T.,  690. 
Morris,  William,  1018. 
Morrison,  J.  L.,  1031. 
Morrison,  William  J.,  760. 
Morrison,  T.  T.,  683. 
Morrow,  Silas  D.,   649. 
Morton,  J.  J.,  801. 
Morton,  J.  S.,  828. 
Morton,  William  H.,  789. 
Morton,  James  S.,  951,    1018,  1055. 
Morton,  David,  1018. 
Mosby,  Cy,  778. 
Mosley,  Cornelius,  1017. 
Moseley,  D.  P.,  1018. 
Moseley,  Peter,  1023. 
Moseley,  W.  C.,  844. 
Moseley,  H.  H.,  844. 
Moseley,  Alexander  M.,  838,  1054. 
Moseley,  M.  De  Lafayette,  560. 
Moseley,  J.  W.,  918,  1018,   1056. 
Moose,  Fred,   844. 
Moss,  Thomas  E.,  553. 
Moss,  John,  1008. 
Moss,  Luther  C.,  549. 
Moss,  Thomas  A.,  1026. 
Moss,  William  B.,  734. 
Moss,  E.  G.,  553. 
:Moss,  James  W.,  "549. 
Mothershead,  John  R.,  612. 


Mothershead,  J.  R.,  613. 
Motley,  James.  1045. 
Moulder,  T.  H.,  636 
Moxley,  William  B..  744. 
Mudd,  Leonard,  749,  757. 
Mudd,  William  L.,  771,   773,  1053. 
Mudd,  Marion,  771. 
Muir,  Ben,  569. 
Muir,  B.,  813. 
Mullen,  J.  G.,   1026. 
Mullen,  Frank,  292,  619. 
Mullen,  John  W.,  657. 
Mulligan,  Thomas  C.,  782. 
Mulligan,  John,  795. 
Mullins,  John  T.,  1006. 
Munson,  Thomas,  657. 
Murphy,  T.  M.,  1018. 
Murphy,  Phil.  586. 
Murphy,  Peter,  597. 
Murphy,  Pry,  120,  771,  784. 
Murphy,  J.  R.,  867. 
Murphy,  William,  844. 
Murrah,  Peter,  844. 
Murrah,  John,  844. 
Murray,  James  V.,  1034. 
Murray,  John  A.,  568,  1051. 
Musgrove,  Thomas,  624. 
Mussellman,  H.  Clay,  722,  1052. 
Musser,  Daniel,  588. 
Myers,  W.  G.,  553. 
Myers,  John,  578. 
Myers,  James  F.,  628. 
Myers,  J.  W.,  1046. 
Myers,  Joseph,  578. 
Mynhier,  William,  693,  1052. 
Mynhier,  John,  677. 
Mynhier,  Charles  H.,  222,  673. 
Myres,  H.  C.,  1045. 
Nabors,  William  J.,  628. 
Nafus,  George  L.,  998,  1012. 
Nairy,  John,  764. 
Nantz,  J.  R.,  750,  1053. 
Napier,  E.  E.,  690. 
Napier,  Thomas  W.,  1015. 
Napier,  G.  W.,  845. 
Napier,  Lewis,  715. 
Nash,  John  W.,  1018. 
Nash,  James,  1044. 
Nash,  J.  J.,  1045. 
Nash,  Walker,  845. 
Nash,  James,  569. 
Nash,  J.  H.,  598. 
Nave,  Tilford,  723. 
Nave,  Samuel  D.,   726. 
Neal,  William  M.,  624. 
Neal,  DuffW.,  771. 
Neeley,  Charles  W.,  802. 
Neeley,  T.  W.,  813. 
Negley,  James  S.,  173,    175,    180,  8 
quoted,  885,  887. 

Neighbors, ,  778. 

Nelson,  H.  B..  598. 
Nelson,  William,  33. 


PERSONAL  INDEX. 


1089 


Nelson,  Wm.,   1018. 

Nelson,  J.,  855. 

Nelson,  James  W.,  104,  664. 

Nelson,  James,  636. 

Nelson,  Theodore,  700. 

Xestlewood,  Anthony,  1043. 

Xethery,  William,  569. 

Neville,  John  T.,  760. 

Neville,  James  H.,  828. 

Xewberry,  Thomas    L.,   74,    298,  309, 

742,  778,  784. 

Xewberry,  Willis  B.,  778,  784. 
N'ewcomb,  Thomas,  564. 
N^ewcombe,  James,  1005. 
N'ewman,  J.  S.,  845. 
Vewman,  M.  S.,  144. 
Newman,  T.  M.,  802. 
N'ewman,  R.,  1012. 
Vewman,  James,  643. 
Vewman,  Ed,  845. 
N'ewman,  Mac,  845. 
Xewman,  Price  C.,  260,  270,  825, 

1055. 

X'ewman,  Obadiah,  845. 
XTewton,  Columbus,  822. 
Xewton,  Dillard,  704. 
Xicholas,  John,  855. 
Xichols,  Joseph,  197,  664. 
Nichols,  Shadrach,  690. 
Xichols,  L.  C.,  560. 
Noel,  Charles  T.,  884,  938,  996. 
Xoland,  H.,  750. 
Xorris,  Frank  M.,  590. 
Xorris,  Burt,  690. 
Xorris,  Samuel,  657. 
Northern,  George  H.,  683. 
Xorton,  Henry  Clay,  677. 
Norvell,  E.  M.,  771. 
Norvell.  James  O. ,  771. 
Nuchols,  James  T.,  727. 
Xuckols,  Jo,  88,  91,  100,  196,  213,  217, 

219,  223,  623. 
Nuckols,  James F.,  628. 
X  uckols,  William  H.,  767. 
X  uckols,  Hezekiah,  623. 
Xuckols,  F.  D.,  764. 
Obanion,  S.,  1046. 
O  Bannon,  G.  W.,  690. 
O  Brian,  W.,  867. 
<J  Brien,  John,  822. 
O  Brien,  Mike,  598,  677. 
O  Connor,  Peter  H.,  54,  848. 
O  Daniel,  William,  677. 
O  Day,  William,  606. 
O  litt,  William,  708. 
O  He,  James  H.,  784,  802. 
O  Donnell,  James,  650. 
O-den,  B.  H.,  550. 
O^'den,  John  W.,  1012. 
Cvden,  Ed  H.,  1012. 
O^den,  R.  B.,  550,  553. 
O'^le,  Gen.,  1045. 
Ot'lesby,  William,  1002. 
6J 


O'Halloran.  Dennis,  731. 

O'Hara,   Theodore,  80,    109.  187,  190, 

192,  223,  232,  238,  241,  270. 
Ohlman,  Jo,  584. 
O'Laha,  Daniel,  677. 
Oldham,  Leslie  Combs,  561. 
Oldham,  John  H.,  159,  160,  560. 
Oliver,  D.  S.,  778. 
Oliver,  William,  1002. 
Oliver,  Henry,  721. 
Oliver,  H.  N.,  805. 
Oliver,  John  D.,  702. 
Oliver,  George  W.,  778. 
Oliver,  T.,  868. 
Oliver,  H.,  789. 
Onan,  Robert,  1033. 
Onan,  George,  1037. 
Onan,  Dennis  F.,  1037. 
O'Neal,  J.  W.,  553. 
O'Neil,  William,  598. 
O'Neil,  J.,  867. 
Oolery,  Joseph,  731. 
Oram,  John,  845. 
Orr,  William  (Ireland),  590. 
Orr,  Philip,  606. 
Orr,  Samuel  M.,  785. 
Orr,  James  Harvey,  674. 
Orr,  William  (Ky),  590,  868. 
Orr,  G.  B.,  584. 

Orndorff,  William  A.,  845,  1055. 
Orton,  David,  1012. 
Osborne,  B.  L.,  1039,  1040. 
Osborne,  Thomas  D.,  750. 
Osborne,  David,  690. 
Osborne,  George,  718. 
Osborne,  David,  606. 
Osborne,  James,  778. 
Osborne,  Elijah,  822. 
Osborne,  W.,  868. 
Osborne,  H.,  144,  822. 
Ostrander,  J.  B.,  549,  550,   553. 
Outten,  T.,  1037. 
Overall,  A.  B.,  1029. 
Overall,  N.,  822. 
Overley,  Milford,  853,  874. 
Overstreet,  J.  D,,  750. 
Overstreet,  H.  L.,  1046. 
Overton,  G.  B.,  166,  202,  581. 
Owen,  William  Henry,  764. 
Owen,  Washington  G.,  868. 
Owen,  J.  M.,  765. 
Owen,  J.  J.,  761. 
Owen,  E.  L.,  764. 
Owen,  F.  W.,  628. 
Owen,  John  W.,  684. 
Owen,  Clarke,  684. 
Owen,  Alonzo,  628. 
Owen.  R.  Ach,  764. 
Owen,  L.  G.,  684. 
Owen,  Joseph,  684. 
Owen,  Amplus.  1012. 
Owen,  W.  G.,  631. 
Owen,  J.  R.,  549,  553. 


1090 


PERSONAL  INDEX. 


Owens,  Thomas,  684,  1052  ;  quoted, 
97,  119,  223,  232,  238,  269,  274. 

Owings,  John  W.,  615. 

Oxley,  Jeff,  731. 

Pace,  D.  F.,  765. 

Pace,  John,  650. 

Pace,  C.  C.,  628. 

Page,  Joseph,  813. 

Page,  Thomas  G.,  53,  133,  141,  774, 
1054. 

Page,  William  W.,  782. 

Page,  Thomas  S.,  692. 

Page,  George  R.,  275,  779. 

Page,  George,  868. 

Painter,  Isaac,  697,  727. 

Palmer,  J.  B.,  184,  186,  193,  195,  199, 
221,  222,  370. 

Palmer,  J.  W.,  813. 

Palmer,  John,  708. 

Palmore,  C.  R.,  778. 

Palmore,  C.  W.,  784. 

Paradoe,  L.  H.,  599. 

Parker,  R.  F.,  765. 

Parker,  Calvin  E.,  697. 

Parker,  Andrew  J.,  710. 

Parker,  C.  C.,  629. 

Parker,  Elijah,  606. 

Parker,  Ben  F.,  553. 

Parker,  Titus,  IOI2. 

Parker,  W.  G.,  779. 

Parker,  Hugh,  765. 

Park,  William  M.,  591. 

Park,  N.  G.,  1018. 

Parmenter,  William  H.,  591. 

Parmly,  John,  863. 

Parmly,  W.  A.,  868. 

Parmley,  Willia'm,  864. 

Parrent,  L.  B.,  868. 

Parris,  JohnR.,  784. 

Parris,  S.  J.  J.,  778. 

Parris,  James  M.,  598. 

Parris,  F.  £.,751. 

Parrish,  J.  H.,  1037. 

Parrish,  Andrew  J.,  779,  784,  1054. 

Parrott,  Thomas,  553. 

Parsons,  Robert  R.,  658,  1052. 

Parsons,  Edward,  727. 

Parsons,  Willis,  727. 

Parton,  R.  H.,  553. 

Partridge,  Green  B.,  691. 

Partridge,  John  R.,  691. 

Partridge,  William  M.,  938,  1012,  1019. 

Pash,  George,  822. 

Pate,  George,  795. 

Patrick,  Green,   678. 

Patterson,  J.   R.,  765. 

Patterson,  John,  636. 

Patterson,  William,  680. 

Patterson,  P.  D.,  790. 

Patterson,  George  W.,  862. 

Patterson,  Frank  G.,  813. 

Patterson,  James  M.,  864. 

Patterson,  James  T.,  997. 


Patterson,  Samue.,  1005. 

Pattie,  J.  L.,  751,   1032. 

Pattie,  Jack,  738,  1052. 

Patton,  James  E.,   599. 

Patton,  James,  561. 

Patton,  George  W.,  784,  802,  862. 

Patton,  J.,  1046. 

Paul,  Frelinghuysen,  757,  805. 

Pannell,  Joseph,  700. 

Paxton,  James,  613. 

Payne,  R.  S.,  805. 

Payne,  O.  F.,  40. 

Payne,  Thomas  W.,  779,  784. 

Payne,  L.,  868. 

Payne,  Lewis  D.,  561. 

Payne,  R.,  750. 

Payne,  Newton,  868. 

Payne,  Henry  C.,  561. 

Payne,  Clay,  1005. 

Payne,  John  H.,  1012. 

Payne,  John  W.,  584. 

Payne,  Robert  T.,  561. 

Payne,  Lewis  E.,  209,  228,  601. 

Payne,  James  B.,  711. 

Payne,  Robert,  1005. 

Payne,  O.  F.,  951,  960,  1014. 

Payne,  James  W.,  779. 

Peach,  George,  789. 

Peach,  Fount,  613. 

Peak,  Frank,  127,  858,  859. 

Pearce,  J.  Walter,  805,  1037. 

Pearce,  James  A.,  619. 

Pearce,  William,  758,  805,  1037. 

Pearce,  Robert,  718. 

Pearl,  Theodore,  795. 

Pearson,  J.  H.,  845. 

Peden,  George,  772. 

Peden,  John  C.,  53,  772. 

Peebles,  R.  R.,  664. 

Peel,  Augustus,  1002. 

Peers,  Thomas  J.,  784. 

Pelfrey,  Lewis,  713. 

Pemberton,  Thomas,  835. 

Pemberton,  Gen.,  207,  223,897. 

Pendergrast,  John,  620. 

Pendergrast,  Garrett,  620. 

Pendleton,  J.  T.,  icoS. 

Pendleton,  John  E.,  127,  192,298,807. 

Pendleton,  William  C.,  828. 

Penick,  W.  H.,  700. 

Pennington,  William,  704. 

Pennington,  E.  R.,  846. 

Penny,  John  S.,  613. 

Penny,  George  M.,  561. 

Penny,  George  J.,  785. 

Penny,  N.  H.,  613. 

Penny,  William  W.,  790. 

Perdue,  B.  F.,  868. 

Perdue,  S.  C.,  868. 

Perkins,  W.  D.,  1026. 

Perrin,  Solomon  C.,  835. 

Perry,  S.  P.,  1040. 

Perry,  S.  L.,  944. 


PERSONAL  INDEX. 


1091 


Perry,  A.  C.,  1040. 

Perry,  William  H.,  629. 

Perry,  James,  718. 

Perry,  John  D.,  711. 

Perry,  J.  Mort.,  807,  808. 

Perry,  John,  632. 

Perry,  Thomas  D.,  711. 

Peters,  John,  805. 

Peterson,  C.,  868. 

Pettus,  William  F.,  664. 

Pettus,  Thomas,  664. 

Peyton,  Alfred  H.,  845. 

Peyton,  Sam  O.,  645,  826,  944. 

Peyton,  Craven,  89,  157,  165,  828. 

Phelps,  Dan,  569. 

1  "helps,  William,  750. 

Phillips,  Thomas  J.,  561. 

Phillips,  J.  H.,  1040. 

Phillips,  George  H.,  569. 

Phillips,  Mrs.  Wm.  S.,  317,319. 

Phillips,  John,  790. 

Phillips,  James  B.,  860. 

Phillips,  L.  W.,  599. 

Phillips,  E.  T.,  591,  598. 

Phillips,  William  S.,  228,  638,  1052. 

I'hilpott,  John  H.,  102,  779,  784. 

I'hilpott,  B.  R.,  1040. 

Phister,  H.,  671. 

Pickett,  George  B.,  555. 

Pickett,  JohnT.,  no,  188,  192. 

Pickett,  Joseph  Desha,  549. 

Pickett,  John  M.,  684. 

Pierce,  J.  M.,  1032. 

Pierce,  James  A.,  619. 

Pierce  R.,  1026. 

Pierce,  L.,  868. 

Pierce,  William,  758. 

Pierce,  James,  664. 

Pike,  Ignatius,  643. 

Pike,  Thomas,  643. 

Pillow,  John,  813,  882. 

Pillsbury,  J.,  40. 

Pinson,  L.  T.,  1043. 

Pinson,  T.  Leonard,  997. 

Pim,  L.  T.,  150. 

Piper,  Harry,  599. 

Piper,  S.,  1047. 

Piper,  A.,  1047. 

Piper,  Thompson,  1012. 

Piper,  B.,  1046. 

Piper,  C.  H.,  1046. 

P.rtle,  John  B.,  136,  220,  822. 

Pittman,  J.  M.,  765. 

Pitts,  Timothy,  658. 

Plasters,  W.  H.  1037. 

Plasters,  James,  584. 

Platte,  John,  W.,  658. 

Plemans,  Thomas  H.,  862. 

Peer,  S.  D.,  855. 

Poff,  John  W.,  620. 

Pogue,  Richard,  671. 

Poindexter,  H.  T.,  613. 

Pointer,  Phil  A.,  944,  951,   960,    1015. 


Polfus,  Godfrey,  144,  855. 

Polk,  General,    81,    82,    89,   100,  119, 

169,   186,    211,  212,    234,  243,    245, 

248,  259,  897. 
Pollard,  H.  S.,  1008. 
Pollard,  Thomas,  767. 
Polsgrove,  George,    1037. 
Pool,  Philander,  1005. 
Poole,  H.  P.,  846. 
Poole,  S.  P.,  845. 
Poole,  William  F.,  822. 
Pope,  G.  R.,  955,  1028,  1045. 
Pope,  William,  822. 
Pope,  A.,  1046. 
Pope,  Charles,  735,  1052. 
Poor,  John  E..  697. 
Porter,  Frank,  784,  802. 
Porter,  John,  629. 
Porter,  Samuel  A.,  845. 
Porter,  Tom,  822. 
Postlethwaite,  W.,    1032. 
Potorff,  Newton,  1032. 
Potts,  G.  C.,  578. 
Potts,  M.  A.,  1012. 
Potts,  W.  W.,  578. 
Powell,  Marion,  606. 
Powell,  G.,  790. 
Power,  William,  855. 
Powers,  Michael,  599. 
Powers,  Thomas,  740. 
Poynter,  P.  T.,  765. 
Prather,  D.  H.,  789. 
Prather,  D.  C.,  789- 
Prather,  James  T.,  789. 
Prather,  R.  M.,   599. 
Prather,  William,  744. 
Prentiss,  Clarence  J.,  150. 
Presser,  William,  678. 
Presson,  Edward,  684. 
Preston,  William,  22,  96,  108,  iio,  114, 

116,  136,    147,    151,    184,    186,    187. 

189,  199;  894  quoted. 
Prewitt,  A.  A.,  636. 
Price,  Thomas  T.,  103,  653. 
Price,  James,  835. 
Price,  H.  H.,  133. 
Price,  James,  288,  587. 
Price,  V.,  599. 
Price,  J.  H.,   1037. 
Price,  William  C.,  805,  1033. 
Price,  W.  H.,  813. 
Price,  F.,  822. 
Price,  Albert,  813. 
Price,  William  T.,  653. 
Price,  George  T.,  813. 
Price,  D.  W.,  779,  784. 
Price,  William,  757. 
Priest,  L.  L.,  1018. 
Priest,  James  M.,  599. 
Pritchard,  J.  F.,  671. 
Prow,  Van,  1012. 
Prow,  Jack,  1012. 
Prunty,  George,  822. 


1092 


PERSONAL  INDEX. 


Pryor,  James  A.,  578. 

Pryor,  A.  J.,  161,   571. 

Pryor,  R.  T.,  578. 

Pryor,  J.  Spencer,  578. 

Puckett,  James  S.,  554. 

Pullen,  A.  B.,  579. 

Pullen,  N.  M.,  579. 

Pullen,  Allen  T.,  290,  578,  1050. 

Pulliam,  J.  B.,  765. 

Pulliam,  Pius,  584. 

Pulliam,  John,  584. 

Pulliam,  H.  P.,  290,  846. 

Punch,  Pat,  599,  1050. 

Purcell,  Wesley,  1019. 

Purcell,  John,  795. 

Purnell,  W.  Julius,  598. 

Purrington,  Elisha  W.,  784. 

Puryear,  M.  H.,  579. 

Pyles,  Calvin  S.,  868. 

Pyles,  Burrell,  868. 

Pyles,  Wesley,  868. 

Pyne,  J.  H.,  1038. 

Pyne,  T.  H.,  1040. 

Quarles,  George  W.,  944,  1043,  1056. 

Quarles,  John  T.,  1043. 

Quick,  C.  F.,  629. 

Quick,  Stephen,  795. 

Quillen,  Abner  H.,  715,  1052. 

Quinn,  Thomas,  691. 

Quinn,  John,  862. 

Quinn    Jerry,  591. 

Quisenberry.  G.  T.,  1008. 

Quisenberry,  James,  1027. 

Rachford,  John  R.,  751. 

Radford,  W.  T.,  1006. 

Rafter,  Martin,  862,  868. 

Ragan,  J.  O.,  1038. 

Ragsdale,  William,  639. 

Ragsdale, ,  1012. 

Railins,  T.,  1008. 
Railey,  J.  B.,  636. 
Railey,  Randolph,  658. 
Rainey,  Matt,  784. 
Rains,  Samuel,  864. 
Rains,  George  W.,  1045. 
Raleigh,  Richard,  572. 
Ralston,  Joseph,  700. 
Ramey,  S.,  1047. 
Ramsay,  Andrew,  1012. 
Randle,  Fount  P.,  783,  802. 
Randolph,  George  W.,  561. 
Randolph,  A.  W.,  758,  1053. 
Rankin,  C.  A.,  1038. 
Rankin,  James  C.,  860. 
Rankin,  Alexander,  607. 
Rankins,  John  W.,  632. 
Ranney,  George,  828. 
Ransdell,  George  T.,  722. 
Ransom,  Col.,  67. 
Rapier,  Charles,  822. 
Ratcliffe,  Ezekiel  M.,  709. 
Ratican,  D.  P.,  1045. 
Ratliff,  W.  P.,  144. 


Rau,  Henry  W.,  684. 

Rawlings,  H.  H.,  1038. 

Rawlins,  Sam  T. ,  607. 

Ray.  James  B.,  767. 

Ray,  John,  697. 

Ray,  M.  D.  L.,  554. 

Ray,  Enoch,  1019. 

Ray,  D.,  672. 

Ray,  Richard,  1019. 

Ray,  Joseph,  772. 

Ray,  Absalom,  636. 

Raymond,  W.  D.,  570. 

Razor,  Adam,  1027. 

Razor,  David,  1027. 

Razor,  Henry,  1027. 

Razor,  Nathaniel,  722. 

Read,  E.  W.,  758. 

Read,  J.  H.,  758. 

Read,  William  H.,  784,  803,  1053. 

Read,  J.  O.,  758. 

Read,  J.  B.,  758. 

Read,  Oscar  £.,784,  803. 

Read,  James,  665. 

Read,  Jeff,  579. 

Reberger,  R.,  620. 

Redman,  Lloyd,  786. 

Redman,  J.  H.,  1038. 

Reasor,  William,  751. 

Reasor,  William,  1005. 

Reed,  E.,   1040. 

Reed,  Frank,  1006. 

Reed,  J.  G.,  550. 

Reed,  P.  Booker,  822,  1055. 

Reed,  William,  709. 

Reed,  Stemble,  727. 

Reed,  Henry  E.,  40. 

Reed,  Sidney  G.,  550. 

Reed,  John,  708. 

Reeder,  Samuel  P.,  1032. 

Reeder,  James  A.,  620. 

Reese,  Lloyd  Benton,  561. 

Reese,  John,  835. 

Reese,  Hyson,  835. 

Reave,  E.  R.,  554. 

Reeves,  W.  M.,  1008. 

Reid,  William,  607,  678. 

Reid,  Lycurgus,  829. 

Reid,  James,  680. 

Reid,  Frank,  998. 

Remington,  James  A.,  587. 

Renfro,  Jacob,  721. 

Renfro,  W.  L.,  721. 

Renfro,  J.,  803. 

Renshaw,  Samuel,  721. 

Renshaw,  James,  1045. 

Revenay,  John,  700. 

Revill,  D.  L.,  584. 

Reynaud,  Augustus,  855. 

Reynolds,  Rod,  607. 

Reynolds,  Richard,  727. 

Reynolds,  Elihu,  702. 

Reynolds,  George  W.,  727. 

Reynolds,  B.  W.,  624. 


PERSONAL  INDEX. 


1093 


Rhea,  O.  J.,  808. 

Rhea,  Albert,  855. 

Rhodes,  Gideon  B.,  53,  784,  803. 

Rhodes,  John,  855. 

Rhodes,  William,  287,  751. 

Rhodes,  G.  W.,  1012,  1039. 

Rhodes,  George,  998,  1043. 

Riadon,  William,  708. 

Riadon,  Llewellyn,  709. 

Riatt,  Charles  H.,  1043. 

Rice,  J.  F.,  1045. 

Rice,  James  Ned,  1012. 

Rice,  Frank,  1012. 

Rice,  Kearney  G.,  1012. 

Rice,  William  ("Rough"),  1037. 

Rice,  James,  643. 

Rice,  Laban  T.,  1009. 

Rice,  Fred,  585. 

Rich,  James,  864. 

Rich,  Joseph,  868. 

Richards,  A.  Keene,  109,  126,   150. 

Richards,  Thomas,  913,  921,960,  1014, 

1032. 

Richards,  T.,  1047. 
Richardson,  William  T.,  607. 
Richardson,  W.  J.,  599. 
Richardson,  Isaac,  1012. 
Richardson,  Daniel,  998. 
Richardson,  D.  F.,   1012,  1040. 
Richardson,  H.  C.,  599. 
Richardson,  Josephs.,  813. 
Richardson,  Samson,  727. 
Richmond,  J.  W.,  700. 
Ricketts,  John  W.,  855. 
Ricketts,  E.  D.,  753. 
Ricketts,  James,  753. 
Ricketts,  Moses,  585. 
Rickman,  Joshua  N.,  813. 
Riddle,  James,  643. 
Riggs,  J.  A.,  1032. 
Riggs,  Frank,  607. 
Riggs,  James,  1006. 
Riley,  W.  H.,  1032. 
Riney,  Benjamin,    1005. 
Ringo,  Willis,  549,  1050. 
Rippenstein,  J.  K.,  1039,  1040. 
Risk,  James  W.,  588. 
Ritt,  B.  F.,  1008. 
Ritter,  William,  1006. 
Robb,  William  M.,  273,  740. 
Robb,  J.  C.,  737- 
Roberts,  Columbus,  658. 
Roberts,  J.,  1040. 
Roberts,  H.  S.,  923,  1027. 
Roberts,  B.  W.,  1012. 
Roberts,  Strother,  650. 
Roberts,  A.  B.,  650,  1052 
Roberts,  George  B.,  650. 
Roberts,  Richard,  846. 
Roberts,  Capt.,  124,  157. 
Roberts,  Hillary  M.,998,  1043. 
Roberts,  Willis  S.,  196.  645. 
Roberts,  Henry  B.,  740. 


Roberts,  John,  740. 

Roberts,  Green,  822. 

Roberts,  Pat,  697. 

Roberts,  Alexander  G.,  693 

Roberts,  J.  T.,  823. 

Roberts,  J.  J.,  868. 

Robertson,  J.  W.,  125,  129,  135,  138. 

Robertson,  Joe  Linden,  92,   110,  673, 

1052. 

Robertson,  Samuel,  727. 
Robertson,  Fred  E.,  643. 
Robertson,  William,  735. 
Robertson,  D.  W.,  823. 
Robey,  George  D.,  803. 
Robey,  James  S. ,  803,  1053. 
Robinson,  H.,  551. 
Robinson,  Henry  H,,  554. 
Robinson,  Luther,  1002. 
Robinson,  John,  636. 
Robinson,  Thomas,  1012. 
Robinson,  F.  M.,  613. 
Robinson,  James  F.,  60,  104. 
Robinson,  R.  B. ,  802. 
Robinson,  Albert,  829. 
Robinson,  Jo  S.,  606,  1051. 
Robson,  J.  W.,  585. 
Rockholt,  John  E.,  855. 
Rodgers,  H.  B.,  571. 
Rodgers,  Hardin  T.,  607. 
Rodgers,  Samuel,  658. 
Rogan,  Frank,  60. 
Rogers,   John  Bird,  85,  99,    100,   164, 

213,  260,  271,  623. 
Rogers,  George  Walter,  629. 
Rogers,  John  W.,  161,  563. 
Rogers,  Ben  F.,  737,  1052. 
Rogers,  John  M.,  735. 
Rogers,  Thomas  J.,  678. 
Rogers,  Joseph,  650. 
Rogers,  William  L.,  629. 
Rogers,  Andrew,  743. 
Rogers,  George  W.,  686. 
Rogers,  William  S.,  692. 
Rogers,  Mike,  591. 
Rogers,  Jeff,  960,  1028. 
Rogers,  M.,  671. 
Rogers,  J.  W.,  1008. 
Roland,  H.  D.,  868. 
Roll,  James  H.,  828. 
Rollins,  James,  133. 
Rollins,  Robert  A.,  581. 
Romans,  J.  W.,  1027. 
Rose,  John,  569. 

Rosecrans,  Gen.,  152,  173,  174,  897. 
Ross,  James,  793. 
Ross,  Robert  W.,  561. 
Ross,  William,  643. 
Ross,  James,  643. 
Ross,  John  A.,  868. 
Ross,  Beth,  863. 
Ross,  B.  J.,  868. 
Rothnock,  Charles  W.,  828. 
Rouse.  James,  643. 


1094 


PERSONAL  INDEX. 


Rousseau,  Gen.,  173,  175. 

Rousseau,  John  Lovell,  636. 

Routt,  William  L. ,  790. 

Routt,  R.  G.,  790. 

Routt,  William  P.,  790. 

Rowan,  Stephen  W.,  825. 

Rowan,  S.  W.,  829. 

Rowe,  Legrand,  643. 

Rowell,  Frank,  855. 

Rowland,  William  H.,  835. 

Rowland,  John,   751- 

Rowlett,  D.  A.,  718. 

Rowley,  William  H.,  569. 

Roy,  T.  B.,  184. 

Roy,  Thomas,  722. 

Rucker,  George,  1037. 

Rucker,  Daniel,  665. 

Rucker,  John  A.,  607. 

Rucker,  Jo  B,  607. 

Rucker,   Mark  P.,  569. 

Rudd,  E.  P.,  661. 

Rudd,  Sandy,  636- 

Ruddie,  R.,  863. 

Rudy,  James  H.,  54,  1000,  1012. 

Rudy,  Levi,  633. 

Ruggles,  Dan,  87,    104,    122,    123,  127, 

134,  137.    HI- 
Ruggles.  E.  S.,  133. 
Ruggles,  M.  B.,  133. 
Rulo,  N.,  868. 
Rulo,  J.,  868. 
Rumage,  F.  B.,  868. 
Runner,  Samuel  H.,  796. 
Rupe,  W.  H.,  585. 
Rush,  Cyrus,  1012. 
Russell,  J.  M.,  554. 
Russell,  A.  J.,  664. 
Russell,  S.  €.,846. 
Russell,  William,   1002,  1023. 
Russell,  William,  1023. 
Russell,  R.  L.,  653,  1052. 
Russell,  A.  K.,  665. 
Russell,  W.  E.,    1015. 
Russell,  George  E.,  1002,  1020. 
Rust,  J.,  813. 
Rust,  W.  H.,  814. 
Rutherford,  R.  J.,  1012. 
Rutherford,  H.,  301,692,  693. 
Rutherford,  Henry  C.,  846. 
Rutledge,  J.  W.,    1043. 
Rutledge,  Willis,  998. 
Rutledge,  Isaac,  144. 
Rutledge,  A.  P.,  672. 
Rutter,  J.  R.,  554. 
Ryals,  G.  M.,  IOO. 
Ryan,  Blakey,  814. 
Ryan,  Samuel,  808. 
Ryan,  J.  J.,  684. 
Ryan,  Nim,  650. 
Ryan,  W.  W.,672. 
Ryburn,  J.  A.,  573. 
Ryle,  John  C..  1041. 
Ryney,  Ben  E.,  1041. 


Saffrans,  Daniel,  808. 
Sale,  James,  1012. 
Sale,  John  D.,  614. 
Sale,  Thomas,  1041. 
Salmon,  Allie,  803. 
Salyar,  Isaiah,  709. 
Salyer,  Jesse,  710. 
Salyer,  John,  709. 
Salyers,  Samuel,  868. 
Sampson,  James,  738. 
Samuel,  Walker,  932. 
Sandefer,  Charles  H..  637. 
Sandefur,  Ben  W.,  862. 
Sanders,  Ed  J.,  608. 
Sanders,  T.  A.,  1024. 
Sanders,  C.,  1032. 
Sanders,  Robert  N.,  772. 
Sanders,  J.  B.,  44. 
Sanders,  E.  J.,  629. 
Sanders,  Jason,  600. 
Sanders,  Whitefield,  719. 
Sanders,  George  S.,  1039. 
Sanders,  T.  P.,  1040. 
Sanders,  Dan  J.,  1040. 
Sanders,  George  W.,  1028,  1056. 
Sandidge,  L.  D.,  133,  136,  138. 
Sandusky,  Dudley,  728. 
Sandusky,  Chilton,  728. 
Sandusky,  Jacob,  728,  1052. 
Sandusky,  Lewis  E.,  728. 
Sanford,  J.  W.  A.,  370. 
Sanford,  Hamlet,  1024. 
Sanford.  R.  P.,  672. 
Sanford,  Presley,  740. 
Sargent,  J.  G.  A.,  1008. 
Sargent,  James  K.,  1027. 
Sarlls,  George  £.,863. 
Sappington,  H.,  1047. 
Saulls,  Holliday,  836. 
Sauls,  James,  836. 
Saulsburg,  David,  829. 
Saulsbury,  William.  660. 
Saunders,  Fred,  637. 
Saunders,  C.  H.,  712. 
Saunders,  G.  L.,  1013. 
Saunders,  Henry,  868. 
Saunders,  D.  J.,  1013. 
Sawyer,  Fred,  579. 
Sayler,  John,  709. 
Scanlan,  D.,  846. 
Schaub,  Dr.,  294. 
Schaub,  G.  G.,  90,815. 
Scheidecker,  F.  A.,  620. 
Schone,  John,  1006. 
Schroeder,  J.  W.,  581. 
Schwaub,  William,  57°- 
Schwauer,  J.,  637. 
Scifers,  J.  M.,  Sr.,  759. 
Scifers,  ClabeW.,  759. 
Scifers,  J.  W.,  758. 
Scifers,  J.  M.,  Jr.,  759. 
Scifers,  M.  D.,  753. 
Scifers.  R.  H.,  759. 


PERSONAL  INDEX. 


1095 


Scott,  Samuel.  562. 

Scott,  Guignard,  858. 

Scott,  George  W.,  793. 

Scott,  L.  M.,  868. 

Scott,  B.  B.,  665. 

Scott,  Charles  B.,  860,  868. 

Scott,  Frank,  1012. 

Scott,  S.  S..  40. 

Scott,  Ben  F.,  678. 

Scott,  James,  1027. 

Scott,  James,  766. 

Scott,  Augustus,  130,  133. 

Scott,  Frank,  645. 

Scott.  Green,  735. 

Scott,  James  L.,  658. 

Scott,  Duncan,  592. 

Scott,  Preston  B.,  297,  301,  622. 

Scott,  Ben,  297. 

Scott,  John  B.,  665. 

Scott.  Samuel,  708. 

Scott,  Al,  944. 

Scott.  John  O.,  297.   549,  863;  quoted, 

103,  164,  165,  200. 
Scrimsher,     F.     M.,     874,    880,    1003, 

1056. 

Scroggin,  Thompson,  562. 
Scruggs,  Marcellus,  1027. 
Searcy,  Joseph,  790. 
Searcy,  James,  790. 
Sears,  Monroe.  672. 
Seay,  Samuel  R.,  554. 
Seay,  J.  R.,  554. 
Seay,  Isaac  N.,  700. 
Sebree,  George,'  585. 
Sebree,  John  T.,  585. 
Sebree,  George,  570. 
Sebree,  Robert,  585. 
Sebree,  J.  O.,  585. 
Seever,  Henry.  698. 
Seever,  G.  W.,  698. 
Self,  W.  J.,  766. 
Self.  K.  C.,  765. 
Self,  Henry,  620. 
Sellars,  Wi'lliam  H.,  562. 
Semple,    Charles,    ill,    138,    197,215, 

615. 

Setters.  Tohn  H.,  709. 
Settle,  \Villiam  A.,  780. 
Severing,  C.  A.,  585. 
Sewell,  George  \V.,  713,  1052. 
Sever,  Fred,  758. 
Shackleford.  James  A. ,698. 
Shackleford;  J.  T.,  837.  ' 
Shackleford,  Richard,  847. 
Shacklett,  W.  K.,  1038. 
Shacklett.  G.  W.,  998,  1013,  1040. 
Shacklett,  John  G.,  1013. 
Shacklett.  T-  A.,   1039. 
Shacklett,  John  S.,  856. 
Shacklett,  John.  998. 
Shacklett,  Ben  L.,  998,  1056. 
Shacklett.  Richard,  998. 
Shacklett,  R.  J..  1013. 


Shadd,  Samuel,  735. 

Shadd,  Joseph,  735. 

Shadd,  Ed,  735. 

Shadd.  John,   736. 

Shaler.  Prof.;  quoted,  27. 

Shanklin,  John  F.,   1029. 

Shannon,  Samuel  W.,  653. 

Shannon,  Thomas  H.,  599. 

Sharon,  Robert,  592. 

Sharon.  Nat,  835. 

Shaw,  L.  E.,  868. 

Shaw,  George  T.,  622,  629. 

Shaw,  William  Judd,  792. 

Shea,  Patrick,  562. 

Shearin.  Thomas,  1047. 

Shearin,  James,  1047. 

Sheep,  S.  B.,  205. 

Sheeley,  John,  591. 

Sheets,  G.,  1038. 

Sheets,  Samuel,  740. 

Sheets.  George  W.,  637. 

Sheets,  Sam,  585. 

Sheets.  Ben,  585. 

Sheets,  Alexander,  740. 

Shelby,  Bayless  P..  858. 

Sheley,  C.  T.,  790. 

Sheley,  Z.  W.,  790. 

Shelton,  James,  719. 

Shelton,  'William  Haydon.  719. 

Shelton,  W.  N.,  740.' 

Shelton.  W.  T.,  1008. 

Shepherd.  John,  712. 

Shercliffe,  William,  644. 

Sherley,  John  C.,  1002,  1023,  1032. 

Sherman.    William    T.,    91.    233,    243, 

946,  956. 
Sherron,  I.,  1032. 
Sherwood,  Smith,  790. 
Shields,  W.  T.,  599.' 
Shindler,  P.,  743. 
Shipp,  Samuel  E.,  995. 
Shorn,  J.  H.,  1045. 
Shotwell,  H.,  823. 
Shrader,  A.  J..  1038. 
Shrewsbury,  J.  Wood,  678. 
Shull,  E.  C.,829. 
Shulu.  John,  709. 
Shumate,  James,  6^0. 
Shupey.  Charles.  620. 
Shyrer,  Jacob  A.,  727. 
Shyrer,  David  D.,  723. 
Sidebottom,  William,  722. 
Sidney.  William.  836. 
Siebel,  F.,  1047. 
Sills,  William,  672. 
Simcoe,  Henry.  1002. 
Simons,  John,  719. 
Simmons,  D.  W.,  846. 
Simmons,  John  W..  814. 
Simmons,  J.  L.,  814. 
Simmons,  Thomas  J.,  803. 
Simmons,  R.  M.,  85,837. 
Simms,  William  E.,  40. 


1096 


PERSONAL  INDEX. 


Simms,  Henry,  772. 

Simms,  Pat,  752,  1053. 

Simpson,  J.  R.,  700. 

Sink,  W.  H.,  766. 

Sinks,  A.,  774. 

Sinkhorn,  W.,  1047. 

Sipple,  Green  B.,  727. 

Sipple,  Moses,  727. 

Sipple,  Caleb  H.,  727. 

Sipple,  James  H.,  727. 

Sipples,  A.  R.,  591. 

Skaggs,  Fielding,  665. 

Skillman,  \V.  C.,  561,  1008. 

Skillman,  William  II.,  600. 

Skillman,  Richard,  998. 

Skinner,  J.  G.,  1040. 

Skinner,  Thomas  C.,  868. 

Skinner,  William,  570. 

Skinner,  W.  W.,  600. 

Skipping,  J.  W.,  1044. 

Slaughter,  S.,  1047. 

Slayden,  L.  S.,  571. 

Sloane,  Lewis,  751. 

Slucer,  John,  1038. 

Slusser,  John  W.,  105,  650. 

Small,  George,  808. 

Small,  T.  B.,  814. 

Small,  Sidney,  814. 

Small,  John  £.,814. 

Small,  Robert  E.,  814. 

Smarr,  John  T.,  835. 

Smeathers,  Ben,  846, 

Smith,  J.  S.,  1047. 

Smith,  T.  B.,  1047. 

Smith,  George  W.,  728. 

Smith,  William  L.,  660. 

Smith,  D.  L.,  665. 

Smith,  B.,  718. 

Smith,  Samuel,  704. 

Smith,  James  W.,  653,  1052. 

Smith,  John,  735. 

Smith,  John,  700. 

Smith,  J.  E.,  1047. 

Smith,  George  M.,  718. 

Smith,  Green  P.,  718. 

Smith,  John,  644. 

Smith,  Albert  S.,  680. 

Smith,  Jerry,  728. 

Smith,  William  A.,  660. 

Smith,  Jefferson,  665. 

Smith,  Willis,  718. 

Smith,  William  H.,  713. 

Smith,  A.,  672. 

Smith,    N.     Frank,     241,     591,     1051; 

quoted,  269. 
Smith,  Thomas  R.,  554- 
Smith,  James,  579. 
Smith,  J.  T.,  600. 
Smith,  James  T.,    591. 
Smith,  Hugh  G.,  7,96.  309,  549. 
Smith,  John  W.,  623. 
Smith,  William,  554. 
Smith,  John  W.,  613. 


Smith,  Alfred,  300,  622,  807. 

Smith,  Ephraim  R.,  226,  624, 

Smith,  John,  700. 

Smith,  Bayard  T.,  629. 

Smith,  S.  F.,  301. 

Smith,  Capt.,   944. 

Smith,  William  F.,  767,  1054. 

Smith,  Charlie,  814. 

Smith,  Llewellyn  P.,  144,  823. 

Smith,  D.  A.,  855. 

Smith,  M.,  868. 

Smith,  William  Inlow,  846. 

Smith,  John  W.,  720. 

Smith,  William,  614. 

Smith,  H.  T.,  665. 

Smith,  Kirby,  170. 

Smith,  I).  Howard,  896. 

Smith,  J.  I).,  1032. 

Smith,  Nat,  629. 

Smith,  Isaac,  133,  141,  760. 

Smith,  Eugene,   563. 

Smith,  Gus,  282. 

Smith,  Charles  F.,  63,  67. 

Smith,  John  W.,  608. 

Smith,  M.  L.,  114,  125,  126.. 

Smith,  T.  M.,  868. 

Smith,  Charles,   856. 

Smith,  W.  B.,  765. 

Smith,  John  W.,  1002,  1023. 

Smith,  Lewis,  1027. 

Smith,  W.  W.,  1024. 

Smith,  R.,  1027. 

Smith,  George  W.,  1027. 

Smith,  James  A.,  765,  1053. 

Smith,  W.  W.,  814. 

Smith,  William  T.,  826. 

Smith,  Sylvester,  823. 

Smith,  Noah,  760,  1053. 

Smith,  John  G.,  772. 

Smith,  F.  B.,  1032. 

Smith,  John,  796. 

Smith,  Jessie,  722- 

Smith,  John  W.,  "Kirby,"  741. 

Smith,  E.  M.,  782. 

Smith,  Isaac  Wes.,  765. 

Smith,  W.  A.,  765. 

Smith,  H.  II.,  772. 

Smith,  Mitchell,  1027. 

Smith,  John  C.,  803. 

Smith,  George  T.,  1002. 

Smith,  Elias  G.,  829. 

Smith,  W.  T.,  829. 

Smith,  S.  P.,  1027. 

Smith,  William  H.,  713. 

Smith,  Richard,  1027. 

Smith,  J.  W.,  1009. 

Smith,  William  H.,  ("Hoosier"),  874,. 

1032. 

Smock,  Nicholas  R.,  570. 
Smoot,  John,  1043. 
Smoot,  W.  A.,   1027. 
Smoot,  George,  IOI2. 
Snapp,  Philip,  829. 


PERSONAL  INDEX. 


1097 


Snellen,  Allen  A.,  796. 

Snelson,  B.  R.,  1027. 

Snider,  James,  1009. 

Snodgrass,  Thomas.,  835. 

Snodgrass,  James,  735. 

Snyder,  J.  T.,  1032. 

Soery, R.  B.  L.,  138. 

Somers,  G.  L.,  697. 

South,  Jerry  W.,  701. 

South,  James  K.  P.,  712,  1052. 

South,  William  T.  B.,  700,  1052. 

South,  Richard  L.,  701. 

South  Samuel,  704.  l°52- 

Souther,  Owen  T.,  608. 

Souther,  B.  A.,  698. 

Southern,  Jo,   570. 

Southern,  Richard,  570, 

Spalding,  Jerry,  241,  741. 

Spalding,  John  B.,  638. 

Spalding,  R.  D.,  1004. 

Spalding,  Robt,  638. 

Spalding,  Arthur,  585. 

Spalding,  Lloyd,  643. 

Spalding,  JohnB.,  1041. 

Spalding,  William,  643. 

Spaulding,  Robert  D.,  894,  995. 

Sparks,  Moreau,  723. 

Sparks,  John,  650. 

Sparks,  William  J.,  709. 

Sparrow,  Robert,  591. 

Speer,  James  Emory,  741,  1052;  quoted, 

24. 

Spears,  Joseph  D.,  591. 
Spears,  Ed  F,,  73,  593,  1051. 
Spears,  William  B.,  752. 
Spears,  Henry,  600,  1051. 
Spears,  Solomon,  591. 
Speer,  W.  J.,  1019,  1056. 
Speers,  Charles  Albert,   1003. 
Spencer,  Sam  T. ,  629. 
Spencer,  Allen,  712. 
Spencer,  Selden,  860. 
Spencer,  Marshall,  860. 
Spencer,  J.  W.,  722. 
Spillman,  T.  W.,  779. 
Spillman,  Isaac,  1039. 
Spink,  J.  W.,  1039. 
Spraggins,  S.  L.,  599. 
Sprake,  Robert  S.,  874,  944. 
Spurlock,  Pleasant,  715. 
Spurrier,  John  B.,  53,  105.  273,  758. 
Srouff,  C.  A.,  680. 
Stacey,  James  C.,  712. 
Stacey,  Felix,  704. 
Standiford,  W.  Frank,  919,  1029. 
Stake,  Thomas  E.,    73,    151,    197,   580. 
Stallings,  Morris  B.,  1029. 
Stallings,  W.  T.,  1032. 
Stamper,  Ben  C.,  709. 
Stamper,  William  B. ,  607. 
Stamper,  W.,  1027. 
Stamper,  John  S.,  709. 
Stamper,  HughB.,  608. 


Stamps,  Thomas  S.,  561. 

Standefur,  John  Tandy,  861,  868. 

Stanfield,  Allen,  998. 

Stanfield,  K..  998. 

Stanfield,  Ken.  O.,  1013. 

Stanley,  James,  651. 

Stanley,  William,  no,  785,  1053. 

Stanley,  William,  620. 

Stark,  John,  998. 

Starks,  James,  803. 

Starling,  George  B. ,  814. 

Starnes,  James  M.,  728. 

Steele,  Joe  W.,  650. 

Steele,  Thomas,  Jr.,  652. 

Steele,  John,  591. 

Steele,  Thomas,  89,  188,  652. 

Steele,  Oliver  B.,  74,  100,  861. 

Steffey,  Ben  R.,  761,  1054. 

Steffie,  Henry,  629. 

Steger,  Thomas  R.,  651. 

Steenbergen,  Wm.  M.,  274,  780,  1050. 

Stevens,  Robert,  J.,  678. 

Stevens,  Tom,  709. 

Stevens,  Thomas,  855. 

Stevens,  William,    561. 

Stevens,  William,  835. 

Stevenson,  R.  W.,  554. 

Stevenson,  R.  R.,   298,.  308,  613,   742. 

Stevenson,  M.  W.,  1006. 

Stewart,  Samuel,  862. 

Stewart,  John  II.,  719. 

Stewart,  Haydon,  719. 

Stewart,  Thomas  J.,  620. 

Stewart,  Robert,  719. 

Stier,  Felix,  579. 

Stiffler,  Joseph,  644. 

Stigall,  T.  868. 

Stilwell,  Isaac  N.,  743. 

Stith,  A.  M.,  759. 

Stith,  D.  G.,  759. 

Stith,  J.  P.,  1040. 

Stith,  Thomas  W.,  144,  846. 

Stith,  Thomas  J.,  1013. 

Stith,  A.  W.,  759. 

Stith,  George  H.,  1039. 

Stith,  Francis  M.,  1040. 

Stitt,  James  L.,  6/8. 

Stratton,  James,  847. 

Street,  Henderson  J.,  766,  1054.. 

Street,  William,  613. 

Street,  John  L.,  614. 

Street,  Joseph,  772- 

Streeter,  Joseph,  700. 

Stricklin,  John,  712. 

Stringfellow,  S.  S.,  653. 

Strode,  John  L.,  680. 

Strong,  Edward  C.,  701,  1052. 

Strother,  Robert  D.,  705. 

Strother,  Thomas,  846. 

Strum,  Crawford,  651. 

Stoflett,  John,  1027. 

Stokes,  William,  579. 

Stokes,  L.  H.,  1045. 


1098 


PERSONAL  INDEX. 


Stolsenberg,  Louis,  856. 

Stone,  Franc  M.,  678. 

Stone,  M.  N.,  660. 

Stone,  William  J.,  678. 

Stone,  J.,  668. 

Stone,  H.,  1032. 

Stone,  W.  G.,  599. 

Stone,  George,  751. 

Stoneman,  George,  938. 

Stoner,  William,  823. 

Stonestreet,  Richard  F.,  890,  1003. 

Storde,  John,  684. 

Storms,  Andrew,  758. 

Storms,  John,  758. 

Story,  Smith,  561. 

Story,  James,  644. 

Stotts,  Milton  B.,  272,  766. 

Stout,  John  S.,  562. 

Stout,  Mrs.  Jane,  316. 

Stout,  A.  G.,  712. 

Stout,  Alonzo,  712. 

Stout,  L.  N.,  751. 

Stout,  John  L.,  779,  1053. 

Stout,  David,  712. 

Stovall,  Noah,  847. 

Stovall,  Hezekiah  II.,  796. 

Stowers,  D.  L.,  698. 

Stowers,  J.  W.  (Chap),  998,  1019. 

Stowers,  J.  W.,  1019. 

Stowers,  N.  M.,  691. 

Stubbs,  Frank,  665. 

Stull,  William,  751. 

Stultz,  John,  709. 

Sullivan,  Timothy,  650. 

Sullivan,  J.  M.,  579. 

Sullivan,  Joseph,  1043. 

Sullivan,  John  S.,  753. 

Sullivan,  Bartholomew,  674. 

Sullivan,  Jerry,  856. 

Summers,  Ed,  637. 

Summers,  James  H.,  608. 

Summers,  George  J.,  561. 

Sumner,  S.,  868. 

Surran,  Thomas  J.,  658,  1052. 

Surratt,  Levi  W.,  856. 

Sutcliffe,  Henry,  554. 

Suter,  Lyman  M.,  1025. 

Suter,  Samuel,  651. 

Suter,  James  A.,  1024. 

Suter,  Nathaniel,  1027. 

Sutherland, ,  1047. 

Sutherland,  Z.  M.,  790. 
Sutherland,  John,  790. 
Sutherland,  J.  W.,  614. 
Sutton,  P.  W.,  1019. 
Sutton,  Seneca,  591. 
Swagar,  Charles  M.,  607. 
Swain,  Hooper  C.,  684. 
Swartz,  William  A.,  712. 
Sweazy,  J.  F.,  751,  805. 
Sweazy,  J.  G.,  805. 
Sweazy,  J.  V.,  751,  805. 
.Sweazy,  Joseph,  751. 


Sweney,  James,  796. 

Swift,  Stephen,  562. 

Swimm,  Asa  M.,  692,  856. 

Swindler,  William,  1003. 

Switzer,  James,  73°- 

Switzer,  William,  728. 

Tabb,  John,  796'. 

Tabb,  Jackson,  752- 

Taber,  Odell  G.,  608. 

Tabor,  James,  1019. 

Tackett,  John,  712. 

Talbott,  James  F.,  570. 

Talbott,  James  T.,  658. 

Talbott,  Alexander,  592. 

Talbott,  Ben  M.,  608. 

Tandy,  G.  A.,  1008. 

Tandy,  D.  A.,   1008. 

Tandy,  Lewis,  736. 

Tapp,  John,  796. 

Tapman,  Wash  C.,  608. 

Tarr,  James  W.,  620. 

Tarver,  J.  F.,  554. 

Tarver,  H.  H.,  554. 

Tate,  David  B.,  759. 

Tatum,  John,  1045. 

Tatum,  W.  F.,  829. 

Taylor,  William,  836. 

Taylor,  J.  H.,  869. 

Taylor,  A.  C.,  836. 

Taylor,  James,  869. 

Taylor,  Robert  K.,  847. 

Taylor,  John,  1019. 

Taylor,  Mahlon  R.,  998,  1038. 

Taylor,  A.  R.,   1019,  1056. 

Taylor,  John,  700. 

Taylor,  Dan  B.,  1038. 

Taylor,  B.  G.,  1040. 

Taylor,  J.  Gibson,  949,  996. 

Taylor,  William  J.,  886,  931,  932,  957, 

1015,  1056. 

Taylor,  Washington,  592. 
Taylor,  Newton,  592. 
Taylor,  Francis,  620. 
Taylor,  J.  D.,  588. 
Taylor,  David  H.,  836. 
Taylor,  G.  H.,  614. 
Taylor,  Green  T.,  651. 
Taylor,  Joseph,  W.,  592. 
Taylor,  Milt,  570. 
Taylor,  B.  F.,  614. 
Taylor,  James  M.,  J12. 
Taylor,  William,  712. 
Taylor,  Jasper,  592. 
Taylor,  James  E.,  829. 
Taylor,  James  H.,  836,  1055. 
Taylor,  J.  M.,  134. 
Taylor,  J.  T.,  144. 
Taylor,  William,  829. 
Teel,  Daniel,  644. 
Tennell,  James,  242,   752. 
Terrill,  H.  Lynch,  570. 
Terry,  William  A.,  781,  783,  1054. 
Terry,  John  F.,   785. 


PERSONAL  INDEX. 


1099 


Theobald,  G.  P.,  622,  645,  1052. 

Theobald,  Samuel,  651. 

Thixton,  John,  1032. 

Thomas,  A.  C.,  672. 

Thomas,  J.  M.,  1045. 

Thomas,  Carter,  719. 

Thomas,  O.  P.,  712. 

Thomas,  R.  C.,   549. 

Thomas,  John  A.,  805. 

Thomas,  Spencer,   719. 

Thomas,  Joseph  \V.,  720. 

Thomas,  Richard  F.,  554. 

Thomas,  W.  II.,  588. 

Thomas,  John  II.,  860. 

Thomas,  William,  651. 

Thomas,  J.  A.,  759. 

Thomas,  John  H.,  869. 

Thomas,  Peter,  759. 

Thomas,  L.  C.,  752- 

Thomas,  Frank  M.,  759. 

Thomas,  Ed  R.,  608. 

Thomas,  John,  1019. 

Thomas,  Ben  W.,  1020. 

Thomas,  Edward,  1028. 

Thomas,  George  W.,  1027. 

Thomas,  J.  J.,  1024. 

Thomas,  Spencer,  1027. 

Thomas,  R.,  1028. 

Thomas,  W.  S.  1038. 

Thomas,  Anthony,  1024. 

Thomas,  Frank,  1027. 

Thomas,  John  H.,  685. 

Thomas,  Charles  H.,  161,  164,  563. 

Thomas,  John,  40. 

Thomasson,  F.  Samuel,  588. 

Thomasson,  Z.  W.,  104^. 

Thomasson,  Edwin,  562. 

Thomasson,  George  H.,  554. 

Thomasson,  William  S.,  658. 

Tomlinson,  J.  W.,  651. 

Thompson,  Thomas  W.,   89,  124,  125, 

197,  217,679. 

Thompson,  \Villiam  G.,  587,  1057. 
Thompson,  N.  J.,  298,  693. 
Thompson,  Willis,  644. 
Thompson,  Horace,  644. 
Thompson,  Joseph,  665. 
Thompson,  John  De   LaFletcher,  228, 

616. 

Thompson,  J.  L.,  144. 
Thompson,  Napoleon  B.,  752,  1032. 
Thompson,  Thomas  J.,  644. 
Thompson,  A.  H.,  665. 
Thompson,  Gus,  829. 
Thompson,  Andrew  J.,  736. 
Thompson,  Ben,  685. 
Thompson,  Philip  B. ,  40,  81. 
Thompson,  Henry  C.,  796. 
Thompson,  William,  805. 
Thompson,  Phil,  823. 
Thompson,  Wm.  E.,  862,  869,  1055. 
Thompson,    Elliott    W.,  104,  781,  784, 

1053- 


Thompson,  J.  W.,  44,  146,  301. 
Thompson,  Charles  P.,  790. 
Thompson,    Ed   Porter,   742,   780,  783, 

1053- 

Thompson,  William  B. ,  752. 
Thompson,    Albert    P.,    44,    129,    130, 

132,  136,  138,  140,  142. 
Thompson,  Alexander,  665. 
Thompson,  John  B.,  Jr.,  40. 
Thompson,  Alonzo  N.,8o3. 
Thompson,  Frank  M.,  1019. 
Thompson,  Nathan  B.,  104,  784. 
Thomson,  Robert  A.,  196,  653. 
Thomson,  David  Henry,  736. 
Thorneberry,  George  W..  651. 
Thornton,  John,  1025. 
Thornton,  William,  1013. 
Thornton,  Charles  L.,  722. 
Thornton,  Charles  W.,  562. 
Threlkeld,  Thomas,  644. 
Throckmorton,  John  R.,  no,  138,  158. 
Thurber,  Harry,  1003. 
Thurman,  Philip,  790. 
Thurman,  P.  M.,  869. 
Thurman,  Will,  1029. 
Thurman,  John  T.,  1033. 
Tilghman,  Lloyd,  44. 
Tillman,  W.  L.,  1008. 
Timmons,  E.,  672. 
Tindall,  Thomas,  614. 
Tindall,  Samuel,  614. 
Tingle,  Roland,  722. 
Tingle,  Reuben,  722. 
Tingle,  J.  A.,  722. 
Tinnell,  Robert,  772. 
Tinsley,  Monroe,  829. 
Tinsley,  Didward,  144,  829. 
Tinsley,  C.  C.,  629. 
Tisdale,  John  G.,  781,  784. 
Tison,  B.  C.,  847. 
Tittle,  James,  665. 
Todd,  Thomas,  651. 
Todd,  Miss  Kitty,  316,  893. 
Todd,  Dr.,  301. 
Todd,  Alexander,    no,    138,    150,996, 

998. 

Todd,  B.,  1040. 
Todd,  James  N.,  712. 
Todd,  Charles  H.,  301. 
Todd,  Mrs.,  316. 
Tolle,  James  P.,  200,  772,  784. 
Tolle,  C.  R.,  614. 
Tolle,  JohnS.,  781,  784. 
Tomlinson,  Emmett,  715. 
Tomlinson,  John  R.,  715. 
Tomlinson,  J.  W.,  651. 
Toms,  Jasper,  847. 
Toole,  Thomas,  614. 
Tooley,  Thomas,  741- 
Topp,  H.  E.,  135. 
Touget,  Thomas,  998,  1044. 
Touhey,  James,  579. 
Towles,  James  T.,  658. 


1100 


PERSONAL  INDEX. 


Townley,  Caleb,  585. 
Towns,  M.  O.,  829. 
Townsend,  E.  J  ,  847. 
Trabue,  Presley,  151,  197,  644. 
Trabue.   R.  P.,  33,  83,  90,  93,  95,  100, 

147,    183,    192,    197,    202,    203,    204, 

223,  622. 

Tracey,  Hense  G.,  766. 
Tracey,  James  K.  P.,  741. 
Tracey,  Jerry,  741. 
Tracey,  William  II.,  570. 
Tracey,  Solomon,  674. 
Tracy,  A.W.,  781. 
Trader,  James,  1013. 
Trammell,  Thomas  M.,  784. 
Travis,  Henry  C.,  752,  805. 
Trepagnier,  N.,  133. 
Trevathen,  Thomas  B..  554. 
Trice,  John  L.,  196,  666. 
Trigg,  Joseph  S.,  600. 
Trigg,  Thomas,   579. 
Trimble,  H.  T.,  637. 
Trimble,  Thomas,  1019. 
Triplet!,  George  W.,  40,  no,  150,995, 

1019, 1056. 
Trotter,  W.  S..  674. 
Troutman,  Philip,  796. 
Troutman,  William,   796- 
True,  R.  M.,  1024. 
Truman,  Frank.  721. 
Tryon,  Frank  P.,  47,  203,  581. 
Tucker,  Henry,  719. 
Tucker,  William  J.,  600. 
Tucker,  James,  651. 
Tucker,  Jo  L.,  53,  753. 
Tucker,  J.  W.,  862. 
Tucker,  L.  M.,  753. 
Tull,  Willis  C.,  1013. 
Tull,  Frederich,  1006. 
Tully,  J.,  869. 
Tunley,  M.,  1008. 
Tupman,  G.  S.,  698. 
Turk,  Sam,  665. 
Turner,  W'illiam,  644. 
Turner,  Abraham,  736. 
Turner,  John,  1008. 
Turner,  B.  F.,  620. 
Turner,  J.  J.,  1032. 
Turner,  J.  L.,  1032. 
Turner,  Lieut. -Col.,   213. 
Turner,  Ed  R.,  713. 
Turner,  William  T.,  700. 
Turney,    Daniel,    285,    287,    593,    609, 

1051. 

Turney,  Henry,  614. 
Turpin,  Perry,  614. 
Tutt,  W.,  869. 
Twyford,  John  P..  685. 
Twyman,  R.  D.,  658. 
Tyer,  T.  R.,  672. 
Tydings,  Joe  M.,  823. 
Tyler,  Robert,  157,  823,  1055. 
Tyree,  Simms,  678. 


Tyrer,  Robert,  829. 

Uhrig,  Phil,  586. 

Ulan,  Henry  Clay,  570. 

Underwood,  Ed,  772. 

Underwood,  Nelson,  856. 

Underwood,  Elias,  772. 

Usrey,  R.  L.,  572. 

Usrey,  John  R.,  579. 

Utley,  William,  637. 

Utterback,  Gran,  133,  141,  177,  785. 

Vacaro,  Phil,  807,  823. 

Vail,  John  R.,  637. 

Valcour,  John  C.,  200,  201,  791. 

Valentine,  Jack,  995. 

Van  Buren,  George,  6c8. 

Van  Bussum,  Phil,  644. 

Vance,  Wm.  H.,  709. 

Vance,  Ben,  1003. 

Vanden,  Lewis,  685. 

Van  Dorn,   Gen.,    114,    117,    122,    146, 

205. 

Vanfossen,  N.  II.,  685. 
Van  Meter,  Wm.    H.,  241,  796. 
Van  Meter,  D.  R.,  1013. 
Vantrees,  Emanuel,  728. 
Varner,  Nicholas  R.,  728. 
Varnon,  John  T.,  601. 
Vaughan,  J.  L.,  856. 
Vaughan,  Stephen,  679. 
Vaughan,  John,  679. 
Vaughan,  Elijah,  679. 
Vaughn,  Jefferson,  1013. 
Vaughn,  Jesse,  1013. 
Vaughn,  B.  A.,    1015. 
Vaughn,  Silas,  722. 
Vaught,  D.  C.,  188,   211. 
Venable,  James,  804. 
Vertrees,  John  L.,  298,  742. 
Vick,  D.  L.,  1013. 
Vickers,  Henry  L.,  829. 
Viers,  John,  796. 
Viley,  John  R.,  157,  205,  228. 
Viley,  John  W.,  562^ 
Vincent,  W.  T.,  999. 
Vincent,  Lyter,  895,  icoj,  1023. 
Vincent,  Joe  E.,  874,  949,  955,   1020, 

1056;  quoted,  892,  895, 950. 
Vincent,  John,  917,  918,  1003,  1023. 
Vinsen,  W.  R.,  869. 
Virden,  Mornix  W.,    562. 
Vise,  Charles,  796. 
Waddle,  James,  600. 
Wadlington,  A.  W.,  667. 
Wadlington,  F.  M.,  869. 
Waggoner,  Leslie,  815,  1055. 
Waggoner,  Adair,  660. 
Wagoner,  A.  A.,  666. 
Wainwright,  A.  G.,  600. 
Wakefield,  J.  G.,  814. 
Walford.  Natt,  805. 
Walker, 'A.  P.,  824. 
Walker,  John,  571. 
Walker,  John,  824. 


PERSONAL  INDEX. 


1101 


Walker,  St.  Clair,  815. 
Walker,  James,  824. 
Walker,  C.  M.,  791. 
Walker;  W.  €.,815. 
Walker,  Adelbert,  786. 
Walker,  William  H.,  856. 
Walker,  Samuel,  1020. 
Walker,  Samuel,  869. 
Walker,  David  C.,  742,  785,  797. 
Walker,  Robert,  837. 
Walker,  George,  805. 
Walker,  James  II.,  68 5^. 
Walker,  John  H.,  785,  804. 
Walker,  Euclid,  786. 
Walker,  Samuel  J.,  562. 
Wall,  Lewis,  059,  1044. 
Wall,  Richard  M.,  831,  1055. 
Wall,  William  B.,  1044. 
Wall,  Robert,  1047. 
Wallace,  J.  W.,  144. 
Wallace,  Lew,  64,  65,  67. 
Wallace,  R.  W.,  830. 
Wallace,  T.  T.,  580. 
Wallace,  W.  H.,  1013. 
Wallace,  A.  L.,  667. 
Wallace,  Caleb,  562. 
Wallace,  James  C.,  1009. 
Wallace,  H.  D.,  667. 
Wallace,  Joshua,  651. 
Wallace,  J.  C.,  Jr.,  1013. 
Wallace,  Robert  C.,  1013. 
Wallace,  William  R.,  1013. 
Waller,  John,  571. 
Waller,  Robert  A.,  1044. 
Waller,  James  S.,  554. 
Wallis,  Taylor,  672. 
Wallis,  W.  K.,  673. 
Walls,  Burgess,  679. 
Walls,  N.  H.,  1032. 
Walston,  J.  C.,  586. 
Walthall,  James  L.,  830. 
Walton,  G.  W.,  869. 
Walton,  E.  P.,  623. 
Walton,  George,  637. 
Wapp,  R.,  1047. 
Ward,  Charles  L.,  827. 
Ward,  William  H.,  554. 
Ward,  David,  1044. 
Ward,  John  E.,  554. 
Ward,  J.  F.,  562. 
Wrard,  A.  H.,  60. 
Ward,  Charles  L.,  651. 
Warner,  Walter,  563. 
Warren,  L.,  792. 
Warren,  Wrilliam,  792. 
Waterfill,  William  M.,  791. 
WTaterfill,  Joseph  J.,  786. 
Waterfill,  J.  P.,  791. 
Waters,  James  W.,  719. 
Waters,  W7illiam  II.,  814. 
Wraters,  Andrew  J.,  679. 
WTathen  Ex,  1006. 
Wathen,  E.  Hudson,  1004. 


Wathen,  Charles,  644. 

Wathen,  Theodore,  645. 

Wathen,  Patrick,  644. 

W'atkins,  William  W.,  760. 

Watkins,  W.  T.,  621. 

Watkins,  William  J.,  659. 

Watkins,  Walter,  672. 

Watkins,  W.  T.,  621. 

Watkins,  William  W.,  760. 

Watkins,  Walter,  672. 

Watt,  Ed,  630. 

Watts,  Thomas,  863. 

Watts,  Ambrose,  704. 

Watts,  Enoch,  704. 

Watts,  Oscar,  600. 

Watts,  Morton,  614. 

Watts,  David,  869. 

Watts,  J.,   1033. 

Watson,  James  D.,  572,    1051. 

W'atson,  T.  O.,  1009. 

Watson,  N.  T.,  1009. 

Watson,  Nathan  T.,  1009. 

Watson,  L.  D.,  1009. 

Waugh,  George,  630. 

Way,  Richard,  651. 

Way,  John  B.,  588. 

Wray,  R.  T.,  1028. 

Wayland,  Adam,  620. 

Wayne,  A.  M.,  824. 

Wayne,  Joseph  D.,  1020. 

W7eatherby,  Dr.,  127. 

Weatherford,  J.  A.,  550. 

W'eatherford,  L.  B.,  580. 

Weatherford,  A.  T.,  580. 

\Veaver,  R.  D.,  709. 

\Veaver,  R.  D.,  722. 

Weaver,  D.  W.,  554. 

Webb,  John  H.,  831. 

Webb,  George,  869. 

Webb,  William  M.,  592. 

Weber,  Ben,  824. 

Webster,  Stephen  D.,  719. 

Webster,  Wiley,  719. 

Webster,  Henry.  836. 

Webster,  D.,  869.  ' 

Webster,  Jack,  752. 

Webster,  C.  A  ,  Jr.,  592. 

W'eddington,  James,   709. 

Weedman,  D.  R.,  1038. 

Weedman,  M.,  824. 

Weeks,  James,  829. 

Weeks,  M.  L.,  830,  1055. 

Weigert,  Lorenz,  621. 

Welby,  Mrs.  Ann  Maria,  315. 

Welch,  Daniel,  651. 

Wrelch,  E.  B.,652. 

Welch,  Gid,  742. 

Welch,  James,  728. 

Weldon,  Frank,  864. 

Weller,  John  H.,99,  100,  645. 

\Veller,  David  F.  C.,  571,   1051. 

Wells,  George  W.,  760,  805,  1054. 

Wells,  S.  H.,  1033. 


1102 


PERSONAL  INDEX. 


Wells,  V.  M.,  752. 

Wells,  James,  592. 

Wells,  George  W.,  592. 

Wells,  John,  658. 

Wells,  Joseph,  592. 

Wells,  William,  693. 

Wells,  Alexander,  760.  805. 

Wells,  Joe  W.,  837. 

Wells,  Frank,  1038. 

Wenzel,  Ham,  586. 

West,  Amos,  572,  1051. 

West,  J.  A.,  133. 

West,  James  L. ,  837. 

West,  John,    1045.- 

Westerfield,  J.  H.,  1019. 

Western,  W.  W.,  1006. 

Weston,  W.  W.,  580. 

Weston,  E.  T.,   550,  551,  554. 

Wetherton,  Richard  J.,  621. 

Whalen,  Mike,  666. 

Whalen,  Polk,  836. 

Whaley,  William  H.,  836. 

Wharton,     John    A.,     170,    189,    886, 

897,  899. 

Whayne,  Richard,  869. 
Wheatley,  William,  1009. 
Wheatley,  R.,  859,  869. 
Wheeler,  Joseph,   151,    170,  282,  874, 

888,    892,  896,  906,  921,    929,    934, 

944;  quoted,  871,  901,  938. 
Whelock,  Jesse,  773. 
Whitaker,  William  Randall,  732. 
Whitaker,  Ben  F.  G..  731. 
Whitaker,  Ben  A.,  737. 
Whitaker,  S.  P.  F.,  736. 
White,  Henry,  741. 
White,  Thomas,  722. 
White,  Theodore,  586. 
White,  C.,  621. 
White,  D.  €.,659. 
White,  J.  S.,  1038. 
White,  C.  O.,  652. 
White,  N.  T.,  680.    ' 
White,  John  B.,  666. 
White.  W.,  869. 
White,  John,  739. 
White,  Dan  P.,  40. 
White,  Andrew  J.,  836. 
White,  James  M.,  722,  1052. 
White,  Harrison  P.,  609. 
White,  Ben,  815. 
White,  James  L.,  593. 
White,  King,  586. 
Whitecawer,  William,  815. 
Whitehead,  Coleman  G.,  737. 
Whitehead,  John,  1045. 
Whitefield,  Joseph,  847. 
Whitefield,  George,  133,  199. 
Whitsitt,  Washington  L.,  1013. 
Whitsitt,  William  H.,  515. 
Whittington,  William  T.,  659. 
Whittington,  James  B.,  659. 
Whittington,  E.  H.,  659,  1052. 


Wible,  B.  M.,  295,  549. 

Wiggins,  J.,  869. 

Wickliffe,  Nat,  1 10. 

Wickliffe,  John  K.,  830. 

Wickliffe,  A.  W.,  1013. 

Wickliffe,  Moses,  825. 

Wickliffe,  John   C.,  126,  136,  143,  144, 

217,  220,  281,  806,  815. 
Wickware,  J.  H.,  804. 
Wiel,  S.  P.,  824. 
Wilburn,  Richard,  856. 
Wilcox,  Capt.,  882. 
Wilhelm,  Alfred,  760. 
Wilhoite,  Paschal,  1003. 
Wilhoite,  William,  1003. 
Wilhoite,  Samuel,  1003. 
Wilhoite,  J.  S.,  1021. 
Wilhoite,  Richard,  698. 
Wilhoite,  W.  M.,  1020. 
Wilkerson,  H.  T.,  573. 
Wilkins,  William  H.,  571. 
Wilkins,  S.  W.,  637, 
Wilkinson,  Miles.  630. 
Wilkinson,  A.,  772. 
Wilkinson,  J.  O.,  274,  752,  782,  1054, 
Wilkinson,  William  L.,  624. 
Wilkinson,  James  N.,  630. 
Willett,  Richard,  1044. 
Willett,  Dan  R.,  1040. 
Willett,  R.,  1010. 
•  Williamson,  H.,  673. 
Williamson,  William  J.,  836. 
Williamson,  James  M.,  709. 
Williams,  John  J.,  838,  860. 
Williams,  Jerome  B.,  830. 
Williams,  David,  862. 
Williams,  Henry,  869. 
Williams,  D.,  869. 
Williams,  J.  T.,  862. 
Williams,  Joseph  C.,  580. 
Williams,  George  W.,  847. 
Williams,  John  T.,  592. 
Williams,  George  W.,  608. 
Williams,  J.  H.,  614. 
Williams,  George  W.,  615. 
Williams,  J.  R.,  580. 
Williams,  John  S.,  563. 
Williams,  J.  T.,  571. 
Williams,  James  H.,  570. 
Williams,  A.  J.,  1028. 
Williams.  H.  S.,  1013. 
Williams,  W.  T.,  1006. 
Williams,  S.  B.,  1028. 
Williams,  J.  D.,  1019. 
Williams,  J.  T.,  1019,  1056. 
Williams,  Robert,  1013. 
Williams,  John  S.,  691. 
Williams,  Joseph  D.,  704. 
Williams,  Jo  B.,  881,  1009. 
Williams,  Henry,  637. 
Williams,  W.  P.,  621. 
Williams,  John,  644. 
Williams,  Simpson,  652. 


1'KKSOXAL  INDEX. 


1103 


Williams,  Robert  11.,  197,  659. 
Williams,  William,  621. 
Williams,  Thomas,  698. 
Williams,  G.  W.,  700. 
Williams,  W.  S.,  672. 
Williams,  James,  679. 
Williams,  Robert  H.,  646,  1052. 
Williams,  Robert  A.,  629. 
Williams,  G.  S.,  791. 
Williams,  James,  691. 
Williams,  "Matt,  804. 
Williams,  A.  J.,  144,  621. 
Williams,  John  S.,  229,  934,  945. 
Williams,  Henry,  999. 
Williams,  Jacob,  741,  1052. 
Williams,  Thomas  J.,  710. 
Williams,  Eliphas  P.,  715. 
Willingham,  W.  T.,  550,  551,  554. 
Willis,  L.  R.,  1008. 
Willock,  II.  T.,  666. 

Willoughby, ,  554. 

Wilson,  Thomas,  781,  785,  1054. 

Wilson,  W.  W.,785- 

Wilson,  Tyler,  824. 

Wilson,  James,  150,  165,  192,215,630. 

Wilson,  J.  R.,  760. 

Wilson,  G.  F.,  804. 

Wilson,  ,  859. 

WiLson,  M.  S.,  847. 

Wilson,  Lemuel  S.,  563. 

Wilson,  Ben,  1020. 

Wilson,  Samuel  L.,  804. 

Wilson,  F.  F.,  1028. 

Wilson,  Josiah  W.,  698. 

Wilson,  William,  679. 

Wilson,  William,  666. 

Wilson,  John  W.,  698. 

Wilson,  R.,  722. 

Wilson,  lohn,  791. 

Wilson,  J.  H.,  761. 

Wilson,  James  T.,  781,  785. 

Wilson,  Joe,  54,  824. 

Wiltshire,  Joseph,  1009. 

Wimms,  T.  P.,  815. 

Winchester,   John  P.,  1023. 

Winfree,  W.  P.,  1006. 

Wingate,  J.  W.,  1047. 

Wingo,  Thomas,  580,  1051. 

Winlock,  Joseph  T.,  782.  785,   1054. 

Winn,  Smith  E.,  120,  773,  1054. 

Winn,  J.  B.,  673. 

Winn,  James  B.,  772,  773. 

Winn,  M.  D.  L.,  774. 

Winn,  L.,  824. 

Winstead,  Bush  I).,  1009. 

Winstead.  Thomas  II.,  631.  685. 

Winston,  J.  M.,  600. 

Winter,  Henry  II.,  550,  1051. 

Wintersmith,  Richard  C.,  548,  1051. 

Wise,  John,  1023. 

Withers,  Temp,  43,  184. 

Withers,  Thomas,  796. 

Withers,  Samuel,  1013. 


Withers,  \Villiam,  1013. 

Withrow,  Robert,  998. 

Withrow,  Robert  B.,  1013. 

Witt,  Andrew  J.,  658,  1028,  1056. 

Witt,  Wm.  L.,  782. 

Witt,  W.  E.,  1024. 

Witt,   John  N.,    938,    946,    949,    955, 

1024. 

Witty,  Horatio,  869. 
Wisotzki,  John  F.,  955,    1023. 
Wolfe,  George  W.,  837. 
Wolfram,  George,  945,  1003,  1023. 
Wood,  George  S.,  861. 
Wood,  E.  B.j  1009. 
Wood,  R.  M.,  698,  1020. 
Woodbury,  Samuel  H.,  1009. 
Woodring,  W.  W.,  666. 
Woods,  Charles  E.,  632. 
Woodson,  Frank,  856. 
Woodson,  Kidder,  571. 
Woodson,  E.  M.,  773. 
Woodson,  John  L.,  694. 
Woodward,  Elijah,  830. 
Woodward,  John,  830. 
Woodward,  Thomas  G.,  881,  912,  995  ; 

quoted,  884. 

Wooldridge,  Robert,  615,  791. 
Wooley,  Green,  144. 
Wooley,  Thomas,  700. 
Wooley,  R.  W.,  no. 
Woolfe,  Richard,  937. 
Woolfolk,  Joseph  II.,  860,  864. 
Woosley,  Greenville,  847. 
Wooten,  T.  M.,  766. 
Word,  R.  T.,  1009. 
Wordick,  Bryan,  862. 
Works,  John,  1028. 
W'orland,  B.  F.,  1009. 
Worling,  Barney,  999. 
Worthington,  Samuel  G.,    1013. 
WTorthington,  William  F.,  1013. 
Worthington,  Ed  S.,  622. 
Worsham,  David,   563. 
Worsham,  Richard,  563. 
Wright,  Marcus  J.,  204. 
Wright,  Andrew,  856. 
Wright,  George,    1015. 
Wright,  Edward  Sayse,  608. 
Wright,  Tom  C.,  608. 
Wright,  George,   53. 
Wright,  Benjamin,  7'9- 
Wright,  James,  741. 
Weight,  J.  G.,  637. 
Wright,  T.  B.,  652. 
Wright,  W.  D.,  738. 
Wright,  Ben,  586. 
Wyatt,  George  C.,  1038. 
Wyatt,  W.  C.,  1009. 
Wyatt,  T.  F.,  563. 
Wyley,  'Robert,  580. 
Yager,  John,  1034,  1038. 
Yanaway,  C.  C.,  863. 
Yancey,  John  H.,  782.  783,  1054. 


1104 


PERSONAL  INDEX. 


Yandell,  William  M.,  621,  1051. 

Yandellj  D.  W.,  294. 

Yantes,  J.  W.,  1047. 

Yarbrough,  Richard,  719. 

Yarbrough,  S.  A.,  673. 

Yarbrough,  John,  652. 

Yarbrough,  Drew,  1013. 

Yates,  George  R.,  221,  715. 

Yates,  A.  W.,  1040. 

Yates,  William,  642. 

Yeager,  Silas,  1000. 

Yeager,  J.  A.,  1033. 

Yeager,  G.  H.,  1047. 

Yeaky,  S.  B.,  637. 

Yeiser,  A.  R.,  1020. 

Yewell,  John,  1020. 

Yewell,  Joseph  M.,  996,  1015. 

Yocum,  J.  S.,  1047. 

York,  Thomas,  600. 

Youell,  Lewis,  586. 

Young,  Brice  R.,  600. 

Young,  Thomas,  273. 

Young,  George  W.,  774. 

Young,  A.  E.,  761. 

Young,  James,  679. 

Young,  Th.  B.,  144,830. 

Young,  Lewis  C.,  55°- 


Young,  John  W.  S.,  630. 
Young,  Lot  D.,  679,  1052. 
Young,  William,  837. 
Young,  N.  B.,  863. 
Young,  W7illiam,  791- 
Young,  P.  M.  B.,  283,  284,  285. 
Young,  John  F.,  294. 
Young,  John  T.,  709. 
Young,  Robert,  773. 
Young,  Hal  P.,  1044. 
Young,  S.  M.,  1044. 
Young,  Stephen,  1045. 
Young,  Roger,  1006. 
Young,  Joseph  O.,  1006,  1044. 
Young,  T.,  1009. 
Young,  W.  R.,  1047. 
Younger,  George  W.,  797. 
Younger,  William,  797- 
Younger,  David,  847. 
Younger,  Tiller,  1013. 
Younger,  Ida,  1013. 
Yount,  Thaddeus,  1038. 
Yount,  James,  838. 
Yountz,  James  W.,  826. 
Zeigler,  Charles,  856. 
Zion,  William,  7°4- 
Zollicoffer,  Gen.,  57,  72,  844. 


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